SSC I Computer Science NOTES by Usman Javed

Model Test Items (2008-09)
Computer Science SSC-I

(Objective & Subjective Type)
By
Masood-Ul-Hassan ( MCS )
USMAN JAVED BBA HONS(BANKING & FINANCE)
SESSION 2008 09 AND ONWARDS

(Sponsor GBHS)
Rs. /-
PREFACE
A RESEARCH PROJECT OF COMPUTER DEPARTMENT GBHS LAHORE CANTT. (SSC I) 2008-2009 1
This book is specially written to help 9th class students of Computer Science in their
preparation for the SSC-I Annual Examination 2009 and onwards to be held by FBISE.
All topics / questions given at the end of each chapter and test items issued by FBISE,
have been covered. Additional questions have also been included.
The FBISE has notified the pattern of paper for Computer Science for session 2008-09
and onwards. According to the given pattern, the theory paper will be of 75 marks and
will have three sections.
Section - A (Objective Type) 12 Marks
Section - B (Short Answers) 27 Marks
Section - C (Essay Type) 16 Marks
This book not only covers all the sections comprehensively but also helps the students
to get A or A+ grade in Computer Science. However the students, who want to clinch
higher position in Board, must study the book thoroughly.
The book profile is:
Chapter No. of Objective No. of Short No. of Long

No. Questions Questions Questions
1 64 68 8
2 50 19 4
3 41 27 4
4 31 34 5
7 37 14 6
8 37 28 5
15 35 15 5
Total 295 205 37
The author will appreciate any suggestion from teachers and students for the
improvement of this book.
Masood-Ul-Hassan Muhammad Afzal

(MCS) (MCS, MSc Chem., B.Ed).
Head of Deptt. Computer Sc.
Garrison Boys High School
Lahore Cantt.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter
Title Page No
No.
Objective Short Long Text book
type answers questions exercise
INTRODUCTION TO
1 04 09 16 19
COMPUTERS
2 COMPUTER COMPONENTS 21 24 26 28
3 INPUT / OUTPUT DEVICES 29 32 35 36
4 STORAGE DEVICES 37 39 42 44
7 COMPUTER SOFTWARE 45 48 51 55
INTRODUCTION TO
8 56 59 62 63
WINDOWS
15 WORD PROCESSING 63 66 67 68
CHAPTER. 1
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
TEXTBOOK EXERCISE
Insert the correct option i.e. a/b/c/d in the empty box provided opposite each part.
1. The first computer that used Vacuum tubes was:-
a. Mark I b. ENIAC c. EDVAC d. UNIVAC
2. Vacuum tube was invented in:-
a. 1899 b. 1906 c. 1916 d. 1926
3. Which of the following is called the first generation computer?
a. Abacus b. Pentium I c. Mark I d. UNIVAC
4. Transistor was invented in:-
a. 1943 b. 1947 c. 1950 d. 1952
5. A translator is a:-
a. System software b. Low-Level Language
c. Translating machine d. Application software
ANSWERS.
1. b 2. b 3. D 4. b 5. a
FBISE
1. The earliest and the simplest computing device was:

a. Calculator b. Calculating Machine c. ABACUS d. Slide
Rule
2. The ABACUS was developed around:
a. 3000 BC b. 4000 BC c. 5000 BC d. 2000 BC
3. The Mechanical Calculator used:
a. Octal Number System b. Binary Number System

c. Decimal Number System BC d. Hexadecimal Number System.
4. Which technology was used in ENIAC?
a. Transistors b. Integrated Circuits c. Microprocessors ICs d. Vacuum Tube
5. ENIAC could perform 5,000:
a. Additions per second b. Subtractions per secon
c. Divisions per second d. Multiplications per second
6. The first commercially successful machine UNIVAC-1 was made in:
a. 1941 b. 1951 c. 1961 d. 1955
7. The transistor was invented in:
a. 1958 b. 1938 c. 1948 d. 1940
8. The Integrated Circuits (ICs) were introduced in:
a. 1st Generation b. 4th Generation c. 2nd Generation d. 3rd Generation
9. VLSI were developed in:
a. 1950s b. 1960s c. 1970s d. 1980s
10. Analog computer accepts data in:
a. Random form b. Continuous form c. Digital form d. General form
11. The digital computers accepts data in:
a. Physical form b. Random form c. Digital form d. Addition
form
12. Hybrid computers are:
a. Fast and accurate b. Slow in speed c. Very big in size d. Have low reliability
13. The analog computers are used for:
a. Industry b. Research c. Health d. All the
above
14. The digital computers are used in:
a. Research & Music b. Business & Banking c. Education & Health d. All the
above
15. The supercomputers are:
a. Largest b. Fastest c. Slow in speed d. Both a & b
16. Cray-1, Cray-2 and Cyber 205 are:
a. Super-computers b. Micro-computer c. Main-frames d. Mini-
computer
17. IBM PC is an example of:
a. Micro-computer b. Super-computer c. Mainframe d. Mini-

computer
18. The computer can be used as:
a. Type Writers b. Calculators c. Accounting System d. All the
above
19. The computers can be hooked to telephone lines through:
a. Ram b. Mouse c. Modems d. None of the
above
20. The Computer Assisted Instructions (CAI) consists of:
a. Drill and Practice b. Tutorial c. Testing d. All the
above
21. Machine Language means:
a. Low Level Language b. General Purpose Language
c. High Level Language d. 4th Generation Language
22. Which of the following is an object-oriented language?
a. Fortran b. Cobol c. Pascal d. Java
23. Compiler is a :
a. Application Software b. Business Software
c. Language Processor d. Engineering Software
ANSWERS
1. c 2. a 3. b 4. d 5. a
6. b 7. c 8. d 9. c 10. b
11. c 12. a 13. d 14. d 15. d
16. a 17. a 18. d 19. c 20. d
21. a 22. d 23. c
Additional
1. One of the earliest and the simplest computing device, developed about 3000 years ago, was
a. Difference engine b. Slide Rule c. ABACUS d. Pascal Calculators
2. A simple device consisting of a rectangular wooden frame carrying several parallel wires, each
wire sporting a number of beads was called.
a. Difference engine b. Slide Rule c. ABACUS d. Pascal Calculators
3. Napiers idea of logarithm gave birth to another very useful and commonly used calculating
device called.
a. Difference engine b. Slide Rule c. ABACUS d. Pascal
Calculators
4. In 1642 Blaise Pascal designed a machine called.

Calculators
5. In 1786 J. H. Muller proposed an other calculating machine called
Calculators

6. The lifetime project of Charles Babbage was to build a new machine known as.
b. Difference engine b. Slide Rule c. Analytical engine d. Pascal Calculators
7. The Mill unit of analytical engine was
a. To supply data and instructions b. The arithmetic and logic unit.
c. To supervise all the other units d. To display the results of calculations
8. The Control unit of analytical engine was
9. The Input unit of analytical engine was.
10. The Output unit of the analytical engine was.
11. The first relay computer (electromechanical machine) using binary system was called the
a. Difference engine b. Slide Rule c. Complex Calculator d. Pascal Calculators
12. In 1944 Dr. Howard Aiken designed an electromechanical machine known as.
a. Difference engine b. Slide Rule c. Complex Calculator d. Mark-1
13. The invention of thermionic valve (vacuum tube) in 1906 opened the gates for development of.
a. Difference engine b. Analytical engine c. Electronic computers d. Mechanical engine
14. In first generation computers vacuum tubes were used instead of.
a. Transistors b. Vacuum Tubes c. Integrated Circuits d. Integrated Circuits Relays
15. In second-generation computers transistors were used instead.
a. Transistors b. Vacuum Tubes c. Integrated Circuits d. Relays
16. In third generation computers integrated circuits were used instead of.
a. Transistors b. Vacuum Tubes c. Integrated Circuits d. Relays
17. Four-generation computers use microprocessor chips known as.
a. Transistors b. Vacuum Tubes c. Integrated Circuits d. VLSI
18. An Analog computer accepts data in.

a. The Form Of Discrete Numbers Or Digits b. Continuous Or Physical Form
c. The Form Of Signals c. The Form Of Variables
19. A digital computer accepts data in.
a. The Form Of Discrete Numbers Or Digits b. Continuous Or Physical Form
c. The Form Of Signals c. The Form Of Variables
20. The largest, fastest and most expensive computers developed to solve the complicated problems are
called.
a. Mini computers b. Microcomputers c. Main frame d. Super computers
21. The large-scale computers together with their supporting equipment cost millions of dollars are called.
22. The low cost computers, which use integrated circuits and are used in small organizations, are called.
23.The computers, which are inexpensive and are used as a personal computers are called.
24.The process in which the roll of a computer is to provide regular review and practice in basic concepts
and skills is called.
a. Tutorial b. Drill And Practice c. Dialog d. Test
25. The program, which presents subject material to students and conducts check on their progress
directly
is called
26.A complicated form of teaching in which the computer and the student carry on a conversation is
called.
27.An extensive use of keyboard has given rise to a group of painful musculo-skeletal problems known as
a. Ergonomics b. Computeritis c. Diagnosis d. Syntax
28.The study of the relationship between the productivity of machines and the comfort of the people using
them is called.
29.Programmers use English words with a specific grammar called.
30. The set of binary instruction codes, which is directly understood by the CPU, is called.
a. High Level Language Or Symbolic Language b. Machine Language

c. Assembly Language d. Structured Language
31. A low level symbolic language used for developing computer programs, the letters and symbols
used in this language are called mnemonic by the manufacturers is called.
30.The language, which is written in human like language i.e. in simple English words, is called.

31.Machine languages are called.
a. Third Generation Languages (3GL) b. SecondGenerationLanguages
(2GL).
c. FourthGeneration Languages (4GL). d. First Generation Languages (1GL).
34. Assembly languages are called.
a. Third Generation Languages (3GL b. SecondGenerationLanguages
(2GL).
35. The structured high-level languages are called.
(2GL).
c. FourthGeneration Languages (4GL). d. First Generation Languages (1GL
36. The object oriented and visual based high-level languages are called.
(2GL).
ANSWERS:
1. c 2. c 3. b 4. d 5. a
6. c 7. b 8. c 9. a 10 d
11 c 12 d 13 c 14 d 15 a
16 a 17 d 18 b 19 a 20 d
21 c 22 a 23 b 24 b 25 a
26 c 27 b 28 a 29 d 30 b
31 c 32 a 33 d 34 b 35 a
36 c
SHORT ANSWERS.
Q.1 Define a computer?

Ans: Computer is an electronic device deigned to automatically accept input data, process it,
and to perform the assigned task.
Q.2 What is an Abacus?
Ans: Abacus was one of the earliest and the simplest computing devices, developed about
3000 years ago. It consists of a rectangular wooden frame carrying several parallel
wires, each wire supporting a number of beads. ABACUS is considered as the first
recognized manual device used for counting and doing simple arithmetic calculations.
Q.3 What will be the important part of fifth generation computers?
Ans: Artifical intelligence and expert systems will an important part of fifth generation of
computers.
Q.4 What are the types of computer ?
Ans: The followings are the types of computers:
1. Analog computers
2. Digital computers
3. Hybrid computers
Q.5. Write the names of different classes of computer?
Ans: Followings are the different classes of computer:
1. Super computers
2. Mainframe computers
3. Mini computers
4. Micro computers
Q.6. What are the four major types of CAI ?
Ans: These are four major types of CAI system :
1. Drill and practice
2. Tutorials
3. Dialog
4. Testing
Q.7 Is the machine language is same for all the computers ?
Ans: No machine language is different for different computers.
Q.8 What is the mnemonics ?
Ans: Assembly language consist of short symbolic phrases understandable by people. These
phrases are made up of alphanumeric symbols called mnemonics.
Q.9 Are the language processors are same for all the languages?
Ans: No, language processors are different for different languages.
Q.10 What is a source program ?
Ans: A program written in a language other than machine language is called a source
program.
Q.11 What is a object program?
Ans: The output from a compiler or an assembler, which consist of machine language
instructions is called the object program.
Q.12 State the Napiers idea?
Ans: John Napier made an important discovery in 1614 A.D. for comparing two rows of
numbers. Napier realized that, to multiply two numbers in the bottom row, it was only
necessary to add the numbers above them in the upper row. The product could then be
read under the computed sum. This method of calculating products by addition was
called Napiers idea.
Q.1 3 What was the idea of logarithms?
Ans. Napier called the numbers in the top row as logarithms. The logarithms idea was
developed so that almost any useful product could be found by additive method.
Q. 14 What were Napier bones?
Ans. Napier copied some of his tables onto a set of ivory rods, known as Napier bones, which
were used to calculate the product of two numbers by positioning these bones
mechanically.
Q. 15 What was a slide rule? How many scales it had?
Ans: Napiers idea of logarithm gave birth to another very useful and commonly used
calculating device called Slide Rule. A slide rule was made of two scales.
a. The Slide b. The Rule
The scales were joined together with a space between them. The space was just enough
for the free movement of the slide. It had a moveable transparent rectangular piece
called cursor. The cursor was capable of sliding smoothly over the slide rule.
Q. 16 What was a Pascal Calculator?

Ans: In 1642 A.D. Blas Pascal designed a machine called Pascal Calculator, which consisted
of a series of numbers, wheels or dials, each numbered from 0 to 9 and geared to a
drum that displayed the digits through windows.
Q.17 What was the contribution of Leibnitz?
Ans: In 1672 Leibnitz developed a calculating machine that could not only add and subtract
but multiply and divide also.
Q. 18 What was the contribution of Joseph Maria Jacquard in the development of
computers?
Ans: In 1790 Joseph Maria Jacquard built a loom. It used vertical rods to pull up the threads.
Punched cards were used that allowed some of the rods to pass through the holes
blocking the remaining rods. Punched cards were joined in a series and were passed
over the rods one after the other. The shuttle movements create patterns on fabric
woven on the loom. The pattern was repeated after each cyclic rotation of the punched
cards.
Q. 19 What were the important concepts of Jacquards invention?
Ans: The following three important concepts were given by Jacquards invention.
1. Coding of information by punching holes on the cards. (Storage concept)
2. Linking of the cards in a series to provide instructions in sequence. (Programming
concept)
3. Job would be performed automatically as the program run. (Program execution concept)
Q. 20 What was a difference engine?
Ans: In 1786 J.H.Muller proposed a calculating machine called a difference engine. Charles
Babbage conceived this idea of difference engine in 1812. Babbage begun to develop a
difference engine, which was accurate, up to 20 digits and could produce a printed
output.
Q.21 How many units were in an analytical engine?
Ans: Charles Babbage, an English inventor introduced a new machine by the name of
analytical engine in 1833. Analytical engine was consisted of five units:
a. Store b. Mill c. Control d. Input e. Output.
Q.22 What was a complex calculator?
Ans: The first relay computer, which was believed to have been the first computer to employ
binary number system, was called the complex calculator. It was an electromechanical
machine.
Q.23 What was Mark 1 and give its physical structure?
Ans: An early electromechanical machine designed by Dr.Howard Aiken in 1944 was named
Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (ASCC) or Mark 1. It was 15.55 meter long
and 2.44 meter high. It contained 760,000 parts including a combination of
electromechanical devices. It had 3300 relays and weighed 5 tons.
Q.24 Explain the operational procedure of Mark1?
Ans: The Mark1 used a program to guide it through a long series of calculations. It could add,
subtract, multiply, divide and perform other complicated calculations. It was quite a fast
machine and could multiply two 20-digits numbers in about 5 seconds.
Q.25 Describe the basic features of the first generation computers?
Ans: These computers use Vacuum tube technology (1942-1959), could perform simple
calculations and computations. They were very big and costly. They work at very low
speed, were not reliable and the results were not accurate. Examples are: ENIAC,
UNIVAC 1.
Q.26 Describe the basic features of the Second-generation computers?
Ans: These systems use Transistors technology from 1959 to 1965, were comparatively
smaller in size, fast, more reliable and produce accurate results. They consume less
electric power; provide more functions and memory as compared to the first generation
computers. Examples: IBM 700, IBM 1400.

Q.27 Describe the basic features of the Third generation computers?
Ans: Third generation computers from 1965 to 1973, use integrated Circuits technology. They
provide more functions, memory, reliability and produce accurate results as compared to
the first and second-generation computers. Examples: IBM 360, IBM 370.
Q. 28 Describe the basic features of the Fourth generation computers?
Ans: Fourth generation computers (Since 1972) use Microprocessor Chip technology. These are
cheaper, high speed and small size computers, the results produced by them are highly
accurate than the computers of first, second and third generations. Examples are: ZX 80,
ZX 81.
Q.29 What are the advantages of First generation Computers?
1. Vacuum tubes were used in first generation computers.
2. Vacuum tubes were the only electronic components available during those days.
3. Vacuum tube technology made possible the advent of electronic digital computers.
4. These computers were the fastest calculating devices in that era. They could perform
computations in milliseconds.
Q.30 What are the disadvantages of the First generation Computers?
1. Too bulky in size
2. Unreliable
3. Thousands of vacuum tubes used, emit a large amount of heat and burnt out frequently.
4. Air-conditioning was required
5. Frequent hardware failures.
6. Constant maintenance was required
7. Non portable
Q.31 What are the advantages of the Second generation Computers?
1. In second-generation computers transistors were used instead of vacuum tubes.
2. Smaller in size as compared to first generation computers
3. More reliable
4. Less heat generating
5. These computers were able to reduce computational time from milliseconds to
microseconds
6. Less hardware failures
7. Better portability
8. Wider commercial use
Q.32 What are the disadvantages of the Second generation Computers?
1. Air-conditioning was required
2. Frequent Maintenance was required
3. Commercial production was difficult and costly.
Q.33 What are the advantages of the Third generation Computer?
1. In third generation computers integrated circuits were used instead of transistors.
2. Smaller in size as compared to the previous generation computers.
3. Even more reliable than the second generation computers
4. Even lower heat generating than the second-generation computers.
5. These computers were able to reduce computational time from microseconds to
nanoseconds.
6. Maintenance cost was low because hardware failure was rare.
7. Easily portable.
8. Totally general purpose widely used for various commercial applications all over the
world.
Q.34 What are the disadvantages of the Third generation Computer?
1. Air-conditioning was required in many cases
2. Highly sophisticated technology for the manufacture of IC chips was required.

Q.35 What are the advantages of the Fourth generation Computers?
1. Fourth generation computers use microprocessor chips known as very large-scale
integrated circuits (VLSI).
2. Small in size because of high component density
3. Very Reliable
4. Heat generated is negligible
5. No air-conditioning is required in most cases
6. Much faster in computation than the previous generation
7. Hardware failure is negligible and hence minimal maintenance is required
8. Easily portable because of their small size
9. Totally general purpose
Q.36 What is the disadvantage of the Fourth generation Computer?
Ans: Highly sophisticated technology for the manufacturing of VLSI chips is required.
Q.37 What is meant by knowledge processors OR Describe the basic features of fifth
generation computers?
Ans: The knowledge processors will be the fifth generation computers, which will use very
large scale integration circuits (VLSI), Artificial intelligence and expert systems. They will
be able to automatically control robots, program computational logic and pattern
recognition.
Q.38 Give the classification of computers using a block diagram

Ans:
Classification of computers
By Type By Size By Purpose
Analog computer Super computer General Purpose
Mini computer
Digital computer Special Purpose
Mainframe computer
Hybrid computer
Micro computer
.
Q.39 What is the impact of computers on society?
Ans. Computers have a great impact on our society, as they have become a basic
requirement in every walk of life. They are the fundamental components of our jobs, our
schools and colleges, our stores, our means of transportation, our health care and our
entertainment.
Q.40 What is the impact of internet on society?
Ans. Internet now has become need of the hour, as it provides an electronic highway to
exchange information, to find jobs, to communicate with customers, to work out technical
problems and to conduct research thus it has changed our society into a global village.
Q.41 What are the applications of computer in business?
Ans: In business computers are used to control customers bill, analyzing sales of various
products in different localities during the year, studying customers trend, calculating
employees pay, commission and taxes and perform hundreds of other administrative
functions

Q.42 What are the applications of computer in banking?
Ans: In banking computers are used for day-to-day processing of customers accounts, the
processing and clearing of cheques, maintaining loan accounts and saving accounts
deposits and withdrawals.
Q.43 What are the applications of computer in stock exchange?
Ans: In stock market computers have eliminated the paperwork problems they are used to
maintain the Securities and Exchange Commission transactions with a greater accuracy
and efficiency.
Q.44 What are the applications of computer in the commercial sector or retailing?
Ans: In the commercial sector computers are used to change the internal operation and
control of modern stores, to write sales report, financial statements, product cost, volume
and profit analysis, provide employees pay and commission, keep a record of stolen, lost
and damaged items.
Q.45 What is UPC?
Ans: The black and white bar code printed on most of the products offered for sale in the
supermarket is called Universal Product Code (UPC). It is in the form of series of
Vertical black bars and numbers, printed on Supermarket products.
Q.46 How is UPC used in supermarket checkout?
Ans: The computer uses UPC code through optical sensor to determine products number,
name, description and price and thus it provides a facility to the customer to have an
accurate detailed receipt at the checkout counter terminal.
Q.47 What are the applications of computer in Education OR List four instructional
uses of computers?
Ans: There are four important educational uses of computer.
1. Computer Assisted Instructions (CAI)
2. Computer Managed Instructions (CMI)
3. Computer as a subject of Instruction
4. Computer Based Simulations
Q.48 What is meant by CAI?
Ans: CAI is a system of individualized instruction that uses a Program presented by a computer
as the learning medium. There are Four major types of CAI system:
1. Drill and Practice 2.Tutorial 3. Dialog 4. Testing
Q.49 What is meant by drill and practice in CAI?
Ans: The process of providing regular review and practice on basic concepts and skills by the
computer, without the intervention of classroom teacher is called drill and practice.
Q.50 What is meant by tutorial in CAI?
Ans: The process of presenting subject material to the students and conducting check on their
progress directly and on their clear understanding of the concept introducing the exercise
to a new concept is called tutorial.
Q.51 What is meant by dialog in CAI?
Ans: Dialog is a complicated form of teaching in which the computer and the student carry on
a conversation. The interaction between the student and the computer leads to the
learning or understanding of a subject.
Q. 52 What is meant by testing in CAI?
Ans: Computers are ideal test givers, particularly for matching, true or false and multiple-
choice tests. The answers to the questions are compared and a grade is determined for
the student.
Q.53 What is meant by CMI?
Ans: In a Computer Managed instruction (CMI) system, instead of teaching the student
directly, the computer assigns a student to read certain book, listen certain tape, attend
certain lecture and so on. On completing the assignment the student returns to the
computer for testing and further assignment.

Q. 54 What is computer-based simulation?
Ans: Simulation is the process in which the behavior of one system is copied with a different,
dissimilar system. Thus a computer can be programmed to behave like some other
system.
Q.55 What is simulated model?
Ans: A simulated model is usually a mathematical model of a real life system expressed in a
computer language. Most simulation models used for educational purpose are designed
so that the student can enter control data into the model and a real-life situation of
several weeks, months, or years can be simulated on a computer in seconds or minutes.
Q.56 What is meant by Computer-aided problem solving (CAPS)?
Ans: CAPS is the highest form of computer-enhanced learning. In this learning activity,
students explore and organize material from a course by using the computers as aid to
problem solving. In it solution of a problem is implemented in the form of a computer
program.
Q.57 Briefly defines computer science education. OR Explain computer as a subject of
instructions.
Ans: Computer science has become a most important branch of science so it has been taken
as a subject of instructions in education. It is now being taught from nursery classes to
masters level. Today large number of Government and private institutions are engaged
in computer education.
Q.58 What are the applications of computer in medical field?
Ans: In medical field computers are used for hospital administration, recording medical
history, and diagnosis of diseases, in monitoring and life support systems.
Q.59 What is Computer Program?
Ans: Computer program is simply a set of instructions or commands that tells the computer
what to do and how to do. These instructions are numbered sequentially in an order to
execute. Programs have only one starting point and one ending point, but may have a
number of possible paths between these points.
Q.60 What is an Assembly Language?
Ans: It was very close to machine language and was developed in 1950. It was symbolic
language in which mnemonic codes were used to Represent the machine code
instructions. These codes were 80% equal to machine codes. Assemblers are used to
convert the program written in assembly language into machine code and vice versa.
Q.61 Why machine and assembly languages are called low- level languages?
Ans: Machine and assembly languages are called low level languages because they are
machine dependent. Computer understands only the language of 0s and 1s. Machine
language consists of numbers and it is impossible for humans to read whereas; in
assembly language some of these numbers are readable by human but however it
closely resembles the machine code.
Q.62 How many types of language translators are?
Ans: There are two types of language processors
1. Compilers 2. Interpreters
Q.63 What is a compiler?
Ans: A Compiler is complex system software that automatically converts a program written in
some high level language into an equivalent low-level machine language.
Q.64 What is an Interpreter?
Ans: An interpreter is another type of translator that converts each statement of a program
written in a high level language into machine code and executes it before translating the
next statement.
Q.65 What is an Assembler?

Ans: An assembler is system software supplied by the manufacturer for automatically
translating assembly language into an equivalent binary machine language and vice
versa.
Q.68 What are high level programming languages?
Ans: A language in human readability form is called a high level language. These languages
are easy to use and understand by the user It enables the programmer to write
instructions easily using simple English words and familiar mathematical symbols. Some
of the commonly used high-level languages are FORTRAN, COBOL, BASIC, PASCAL
and C.
LONG QUESTIONS
Q. 1 What was the contribution of Joseph Maria Jacquard in the development of

computers? What were the important concepts of Jacquards invention?
Ans: In 1790 Joseph Maria Jacquard built a loom. It used vertical rods to pull up the threads.
Punched cards were used that allowed some of the rods to pass through the holes
blocking the remaining rods. Punched cards were joined in a series and were passed
over the rods one after the other. The shuttle movements create patterns on fabric
woven on the loom. The pattern was repeated after each cyclic rotation of the punched
cards.
The following three important concepts were given by Jacquards invention.
1. Coding of information by punching holes on the cards. (Storage concept)
2. Linking of the cards in a series to provide instructions in sequence. (Programming
concept)
3. Job would be performed automatically as the program run. (Program execution concept)
Q.2 Describe the basic features of the f generations of computers?
Ans: 1. First generation of computers:
These computers use Vacuum tube technology (1942-1959), could perform simple
calculations and computations. They were very big and costly. They work at very low
speed, were not reliable and the results were not accurate. Examples are: ENIAC,
UNIVAC 1.
2. Second generation of computers:
These systems use Transistors technology from 1959 to 1965, were comparatively
smaller in size, fast, more reliable and produce accurate results. They consume less
electric power; provide more functions and memory as compared to the first generation
computers. Examples: IBM 700, IBM 1400.
3. Third generation of computers:
Third generation computers from 1965 to 1973, use integrated Circuits technology. They
provide more functions, memory, reliability and produce accurate results as compared to
the first and second-generation computers. Examples: IBM 360, IBM 370.
4. Fourth generation of computers:
Fourth generation computers (Since 1972) use Microprocessor Chip technology. These
are cheaper, high speed and small size computers, the results produced by them are
highly accurate than the computers of first, second and third generations. Examples are:
ZX 80, ZX 81.
5. Fifth generation of computers:
The knowledge processors will be the fifth generation computers, which
will use very large scale integration circuits (VLSI), Artificial intelligence
and expert systems. They will be able to automatically control robots,
program computational logic and pattern recognition.

Q. 3 What was a difference engine? Explain different units of an analytical engine?
Ans: In 1786 J.H.Muller proposed a calculating machine called a difference engine. Charles
Babbage conceived this idea of difference engine in 1812. Babbage begun to develop a
difference engine, which was accurate, up to 20 digits and could produce a printed
output.
Store : This part store the numbers fed to machine and also those numbers that were
generated during the process of problem solving.
The different units of difference engine are as under:
Mill : This was the processing unit, which was to perform all the Arithmetic operations
automatically by rotation of gears and wheel.
Control : This unit was to supervise all the other units and direct their working.
Input : The input unit of the analytical engine was to supply data and instructions to the
store.
Output : The output unit was to display the results of calculations.
Q.4 How many types of Computers are? Explain each type?
Ans: There are three types of computers.
(a) Analog computers (b) Digital computers (c) Hybrid Computers
(a) Analog computers: An Analog computer accepts data in continuous or physical form,
has very low memory and does not produce very accurate results. It is a special purpose
computer and represents physical quantities like speed, weight, distance, pressure,
temperature, current voltage etc. These computers cannot do logical work.
(b) Digital computers: A Digital computer accepts data in the form of discrete numbers or
digits; have large memory and produce very accurate results. These computers are
general-purpose machines; they can represent quantities with the help of digits and can
perform logical work.
(c) Hybrid computers: A Hybrid computer combines the best features of Analog and Digital
computers. A Hybrid computer is manufactured by combining analog unit and C.P.U of a
digital computer and it has direct input and output facility. The results can be obtained
either as analog signals, which are in the form of a graph or as digital signals, which are
in the form of discrete numbers.
Q.5 Explain the classification of computers, as for as their size and speed is
concerned.
Ans: The computers are classified into four main groups depending upon their size and speed
(a) Supercomputers (b) Mainframe computers
(c) Minicomputers (d) Microcomputers
(a) Super computers:
Supercomputers are the most powerful, the most expensive and the fastest
machines, which are built to handle complicated problems. They can response the
actions and reactions of millions of items at a time. The latest models have a memory of
two billion bytes and processing speed 40,000 to 50,000 times faster than a personal
computer. Examples are CRAY-1, CRAY-2 and control data CYBER 205.
(b) Main frame computers:
The Mainframe are large-scale computers together with there supporting
equipment, cost millions of dollars and are used in very large organizations. They are
designed to allow multiple users. Their speed is within the range of 1 to 10 million
Instructions Per Second (MIPS) and their word size is normally 64 Bits Examples are
Amdahl 580, Burroughs B 7800, control data CYBER 176 and IBM 4341.
(c) Mini computers:
Mini computers are the scale down version of Mainframe. They are used for
special purpose or small-scale general-purpose work. Their size, speed, and capabilities
lie between those of a mainframe and microcomputers. They are low cost computers,
which use integrated circuits and are used in small organizations.
(d) Micro computers:
A microcomputer is an inexpensive computer, smaller in size and rapidly used in
all application areas. It was introduced in 1970s when microprocessor was launched and
is also called as Personal Computer (PC). Examples are IBM PC, AT, PS/2 and Apple
Macintosh
Q.6 Describe some features of a computerized supermarket checkout system?
Ans: Computerized supermarket checkout system has the following important features.
In this system there is automation in writing sales reports, financial statements,
calculating product cost and doing volume and profit analysis.
An accurate detailed receipt for the customer is generated at the checkout
counter terminal using UPC code.
It automatically updates the stores inventory list and warns the manager about
the items getting short.
It provides information to marketing experts and advertising agencies to set the
future goals.
Q.7 What is the difference between a compiler and an interpreter?
Compiler Interpreter
1. A Compiler is a system software that 1. An interpreter is another type of
automatically converts a program written in translator that converts each
some high level language into an equivalent statement of a program written in a
low-level machine language known as object high level language into machine
code and then executes it. code and executes it before
translating the next statement.
2. The object program is permanently saved for 2. No, object code is saved for future
future use use because the translation and
execution process alternate.
3. Repeated compilation is not necessary for 3. Repeated interpretation is necessary
repeated execution of a program for repeated execution of a program
4. A compiler is a heavier software 4. An interpreter is a lighter software
5. A compiler is very fast in its working 5. An interpreter is slower in its working
6. A compiler is language specific, which means it 6. An interpreter is not language
translates only the source program of that specific, which means it can translate
language for which it is written e.g. a compiler a program written in more than one
written for C++ cannot translate the program languages
written in FORTRAN.
Q.8 Write short notes on the following?

(a) BASIC (b) PASCAL (c) FORTRAN
Ans:(a) BASIC: It was developed in 1964. It stands for bingers all-purpose symbolic instruction
code. It is very close to English and one of the most widely used language. It is very
easy to learn and use for a person having little knowledge of programming. It can be
used for both business and scientific applications.
(b) PASCAL: It is a programming language named after the French mathematician and
scientist Blas Pascal. It was developed during the early 70s. It is a highly structured
programming language.
(c) FORTRAN: It stands for Formula Translation. It was developed in 1957 for IBM
computers. It was designed to solve mathematical, scientific and engineering problem. It
is a standard high-level language.
TEXTBOOK EXERCISE
1.05 Describe various units of Babbages analytical Engine.
Ans: Page 16 Question # 3
1.06 Name various parts used in the first electromechanical calculator.
Ans: The various parts of electromechanical calculator are
1) Gears 2)Levers 3) Relays
1.07 Describe basic features of three generations of computers.
Ans: Page # 16 Question # 2
1.08 Name one model of each generations of computers.
Ans: Generation Model
First ENIAC
Second IBM 700
Third IBM 360
Fourth ZX81
1.09 Describe the basic difference between an analog and a digital computer.
Ans:
Analog computer Digital computer
1.The analog computer measures 1.Digital computer works with discrete
continuous types of data and uses a quantities. It uses numbers to simulate real
physical quantity that changes along a time processes.
constant scale.
2. It is the root of the computer and first 2. It is the fruit of analog computer.
being developed provides the basis for the
development of modern computer.
3. Analog computer can be used in 3. Digital computer quantities are counted
industrial units to control various rather than measured.
processes.
4. In general analog computers are very 4. Digital computers are easy to
fast in processing. programme and are used for general
purpose.
1.10 Describe some of the features of :- a) A Microcomputer b) A Supercomputer

Ans: Page# 16 Q#5
1.11 What is an internet? Describe its importance in society .
Ans: Internet: Internet is a system of worldwide computer networks that enables the users of
internet to exchange information. Computer can be hooked to telephones through
modems so that data can be sent and received.
Importance in society: Internet is an important and fast tool of exchanging information
from national level to international level.Today internet is a global web of nearly 1
million computer networks, at least 50 million computers and 200 million people around
the world.Through internet you can access thousands of databases and talk with experts
worldwide on any subject. You can find jobs, get solutions of your technical problems,
sell products and conduct research.
1.13 List some reasons for the use of a computers in banks.
Ans: Page # 13 Q#42
1.15 What is UPC?
Ans: Page#14 Q#43
1.16 What is meant by CAI?
Ans: Page#14 Q#48
1.17 Briefly define computer science education.
Ans: Page#15 Q#57
1.18 List some reasons for using computers in hospitals.

Ans: Reasons for using computers in hospitals:
1. Hospital administration
2. Inventory control
3. Recording medical history of patients.
4. Monitoring and life support system
5. Diagnosis of diseases.
1.19 What is meant by CMI?
Ans: Page#15 Q # 53
1.20 Define a computer program.
Ans: Page#15 Q # 59
1.21 Why machine and assembly languages are called low level languages?
Ans: Page#15 Q # 62
1.22 What do you understand by Mnemonic code?Write down some of the Mnemonic
codes along with the operations assigned to these codes.
Ans: In assembly language, all operation codes of the machine language are substituted by
letters and symbols called mnemonic codes. These codes are used in assembly
language.
Instructions Operation code Mnemonic code
Stop processing 000 000 HLT
Add the number in memory to the 000 010 ADD
number in accumulator.
Multiply number in memory to the 000 100 MUL
number in accumulator.
1.23 What are high level programming languages? How they differ from Assembly
language?
Ans: High level languages use English like words which the user can understand more
easily. A programme can be written in a much shorter time and much precisely when a
high level language is used.
High level programming languages:
The list of high level languages available can run into hundreds. These languages are
usually further categorized as either procedural languages or object oriented languages.
Historically, procedural languages preceded the object oriented languages. Some of
most popular languages are:
FORTRAN
COBOL
BASIC
PASCAL
JAVA
1.24 Write short notes on the following:- a) Basic b) Pascal c) Fortran
Ans: Page # 18 Q # 8
1.25 What is a compiler? How it differ from an interpreter?
CHAPTER. 2
COMPUTER COMPONENTS
TEXTBOOK EXERCISE
1.Which of the following are present in a system unit. (I) Input unit, (II) CPU, (III) Memory unit and
(IV) Output unit

a. II & III b. II & III c. I, II & IV d. I, II, III & IV
2.RAM of a computer is a:-
a. Permanent storage b Secondary storage c. Primary storage d. Backing storage
3. The brain of an electronic computer is its:-
a. CPU b. CU c. ALU d. ROM
5. An 8-bit address bus can address a memory of:-
a. 1 Byte b. 8 Bytes c. 256 bits d. 256 Bytes
6. Which of the following is not a semiconductor memory?
a. ROM b. RAM c. PROM d. None of these.
ANSWERS
1. b 2. c 3. a 4. d 5. d
6. d
FBISE
1. Which one of the following is the CPU of a microcomputer?
a. System unit b. ALU c. Microprocessor d. Control unit
2. Computer hardware are:

a. Software components b. Output compo-nents c. Physical devices d. InputCompo-nents
3. The devices that are attached with system unit are called:
a. Input devices b. Peripheral devices c. System unit d. Data processing devices
4. Which one of the following is application software?

a. Data processing b. Control unit c. Microsoft Word d. Processing unit+
5. ALU stands for:

a.Adder and Logical Unit b. Arithmeticand Logical Unit c. Comparison Unit d.
Accumulator Unit.
6. ROM stands for:
Programmable Read Only Memory RandomOrientedMemory Read Only Memory None of
the above
7. Main memory of computer is:
Primary memory Connected with CPU Internal memory All ofAbove
8. RAM is:
Secondary memory Permanent memory Volatile memory None of above
9. Which one of the following is a secondary storage device?
ROM Compact disk Semiconductor memory RAM
10.8 bit data bus can transfer
2 bytes 1 byte 4 bits 4 nibbles
11. How many types of buses are there?
One Two Three Four
12.Serial ports have
12 or 24 pins10 or 15 pins 9 or 25 pins 8 or 17 pins
13.Parallel port is used for connecting:
Modem Printer Keyboard Mouse
14.The brain of the computer is:
CPU CU ALU ROM
15.2 bytes are equal to:
32 bits 4 bits 8 bits 16 bits
16.Which one of the following is not a semiconductor memory?
ROM RAM PROM Hard disk
17.Which of the following buses is used for specifying memory location:
Control bus Address bus Data busAll of above
18.CPU consists of:
Memory Unit and CU ALU & CU CU & ports CU & programs
19.Which one of the following is an input device?
Monitor Hard disk Scanner Printer
20.Accumulator is located inside the:
ALU Hard disk RAM ROM
ANSWERS
1. d 2. c 3. b 4. c 5. b
6. c 7. d 8. c 9. b 10. b
11. c 12. c 13. b 14. a 15. d
16. d 17. b 18. b 19. c 20. a
Additional
1. A computer along with its peripheral devices is called as.
a. Computer hardware b. Computer software c. Computer system d. Electronic Data
Processing
2. The work carried out by a computer system is known as
a. Computer hardware b. Computer software c. Computer system d. Electronic Data
Processing
3. A computer system has two major divisions known as.
a. System software and application software b. Computer hardware and computer software
c. RAM and ROM d. Primary memory and secondary memory
4. The hard ware part of a computer system consists of
a. RAM and CPU b. CPU and CU c. All physical components d. Operating system
5.A computer system in general consists of three major units:
a. CPU, CU, RAM b. Main board, CPU, monitor
c. The CPU, Memory, Disk drives, Adapters and connectors. d. System unit, Input units, Output
units.
6. A device, which allows two computers to communicate on telephone lines, is called.
a. Computer software b. Computer hardware c. Computer system d. Modem
7. The system unit of a computer system contains.
a. The CPU, Memory, Disk drives, Adapters and connectors b. CPU and CU.
c. System unit, Input units, Output units. d. Main board, CPU, monitor
8. The brain of a computer, which performs all the analytical, computational and logical functions that
occur inside the system, is known as.
a. CPU b. Main board c. CU d. Memory.

9. A temporary storage device, which holds data as long as it is being interpreted, is called.
a. CPU b. Register c. ROM d. Memory
10. That part of CPU, which controls and coordinates the activities of all other computer units, is called
a. ALU b. Register c. CU d. Cache memory
11. A set of instructions in sequence, which tells the computer what to do
a. Algorithm b. Flowchart c. Programming d. Program
12. The capacity of a storage device is expressed as number of.
a. Cylinders b. Tracks c. Bytes d. Sectors
13. A type of memory in which each element of information has its own address and from which any
element can be retrieved easily using that address is called.
a. ROM b. RAM c. Flash memory d. Cache memory
14. A type of memory which is a permanent memory of the computer designed by the manufacturers of the
computers and it is used to store the instructions required to control the basic input-output operations of
the computer is known as.
a. Cache memory b. RAM c. ROM d. Flash memory
15. Secondary storage or secondary memory is of two types.
a. Cache memory and Flash memory b. ROM and RAM
c. PROM and RAM d. Sequential access and direct access
16. The type of memory which is non addressable that is an operator can not refer directly to the contents
of particular storage location such as that used with magnetic tape is called.
a. Direct access storage b. Sequential access storage c. Cache memory d. Flash
memory
17. The type of memory, which is addressable, that is a given item can be selected from anywhere in
storage by simply specifying the address where it is located is called.
a. Sequential access storage b. Cache memory c. Flash memory d. Direct access storage
18. An electrical pathway used to transfer data, control commands and addresses among different
components of the computer system is called.
a. Port b. Bus c. Cable d. Wire
19. An electrical path that connects the CPU, memory and the other hardware devices on the motherboard
is called.
a. Data Bus b. Control Bus c. Address Bus d. Control Cable
20. An electrical path that connects the CPU and memory, and all it carries are memory addresses.
21. The control unit sends out control commands to all the components of the system through the bus
called the.

22. The entry line coming into the computer, which provides a direct link to the microcomputers common
electrical bus, is known as.
a. Wire b. Cable c. Bus d. Port
23. A port, which provides a connection for transmitting data one bit at a time, is called.
a. Parallel port b. Serial port c. Mouse port d. Special port
24. A port, which provides a connection for transmitting data eight bits at a time over a cable with eight
separate data lines, is called.
a. Parallel port b. Serial port c. Mouse port d. Special port
ANSWERS
1. c 2. d 3. b 4. c 5. d
6. d 7. a 8. a 9. b 10. c
11. d 12. c 13. b 14. c 15. d
16. b 17. d 18. b 19. a 20. b
21. b 22. d 23. b 24. c
SHORT ANSWERS.
Q. 1 What is Computer Hardware?

Ans: The hardware part of a computer system consists of all physical components installed in
a main Computer box and all associated equipments inter-connected in an organized
way. for example keyboard, mouse , monitor etc.
Q. 2 What is Computer Software?
Ans: Computer software is the know how technique in the form of a set of instructions that
tells the Computer what to do and how to do. All the programs including systems
softwares and applications softwares like windows 98, MS WORD, MS EXCEL etc. are
the examples of computer soft wares.
Q. 3 Define the Central Processing Unit (CPU).
Ans: The central processing unit (CPU) is a brain of a computer, which performs all the
analytical, computational and logical functions that occur inside the system. The CPU
operates by executing a program, processes the data and sends the results at the
output.
The CPU consists of two sub units made up of electronic circuits. These are:
a) Processing unit or Arithmetic/logic Unit (ALU) (b) Control Unit
Q.4 Describe the main functions of C.P.U.
Ans: The functions of the central processing unit are:-
a) Accepts instructions and data from the input devices.
b) Stores all the instructions and data in the memory (main or auxiliary Memory) and retrieves
the relevant information as and when required.
c) Interprets the instructions and sends commands to relevant units.
d) Performs all the arithmetic and logical operations in the Arithmetic and Logical units ALU.
e) Controls and coordinates the activities of all the other units.
f) Sends the results to the output devices when required.
Q.5 Explain the working and function of ALU.
Ans: This unit performs arithmetical and logical operations such as subtraction; multiplication,
division, addition and logical comparison on numerical data in the binary system as
directed by the control unit and transfers the results to the control unit. It can also

compare alphabetic information, such as names or determine whether one name is
same or different from another.
ARITHMETIC OPERATION
Add, subtract, increment, and decrement
LOGIC OPERATION
And, OR, NOT, XOR, COMPARE.
SHIFT OPERATION
Shift right, Shift left, Rotate right, Rotate left, etc.
Q.6 Explain importance of main memory.
Ans: Main memory is computers primary storage .It is an extension of the central processing
unit (CPU) and is directly accessible to it. Its function is controlled by the control unit,
which sends READ or RIGHT signal to the appropriate memory location. Main memory
accepts data & instructions from the input unit, exchanges data with & supplies
instructions to other parts of the (CPU).
Q.7 Explain the function of control Unit.
Ans: The control unit is the most important part of C.P.U as it controls & coordinates with all
other computer units. It performs this function by issuing necessary commands to
various components of computer. It also controls the input \ output devices as well as
backing storage devices. The control unit generates signals in accordance with the
program.
Q.8 What is secondary storage OR backing storage OR auxiliary storage?
Ans: Secondary storage or Secondary memory also referred as backing storage is used to
supplement the capacity of main storage. This memory stores a bulk of information. It is
also called auxiliary storage. The information stored in this memory is used by CPU by
first bringing it to main memory. EXAMPLES of secondary memory are magnetic disks,
magnetic tapes &mass cartridge systems.
Q.9 What is meant by bus in computer system?
Ans: A bus is a common pathway through which computer system move large amount of bits
in the form of electrical pulses from a specified source to a specified destination.
Q.10 What is the meaning of bus width?
Ans: The data carrying capacity of a bus is expected in terms of its bus width, measured in bits. Older
computers had microprocessors with data buses that were 8 bits wide;this meant they could carry
8 bits, or one byte.
Q.11 What is data bus?
Ans: When people just say the bus , they usually mean the data bus. The data bus is an
electrical path that connects the central processing unit (CPU) memory, and the other
hardware devices on the motherboard.
Q.12 What is address bus?
Ans: The second bus that is found in every microcomputer is the address bus. The address
bus is the set of wires similar to the data bus, but it connects only the CPU and memory,
and all it carries are memory addresses. The reason that the address bus is important is
that the number of lines in it determines the maximum number of memory addresses.
Q.13 What is control bus?
Ans: The Electrical pathway, which is used by C.U. to send control commands to all the units,
is called control bus. C.U. directs the transfer of data from main memory to ALU for
processing. The control bus provides the two-way transfer of data between main memory
and secondary storage.
Q.14 What is a port?
Ans: A port is a socket, which provides direct link between the system unit and input output
devices.i.e. It provides direct link with a computers common electrical bus and I/O
devices.

Q.15 What are serial ports?
Ans: A serial port provides a connection for plugging a peripheral device with one data line
that carry one bit at a time and additional lines to carry control signals. A serial port can
have 9-pins or 25-pins. In PCs serial ports are generally designated as COM1, COM2
and COM3 etc.
Q.16 What are parallel ports?
Ans: A parallel port provides a connection for transmitting fast flow of large amount of data.
Parallel ports allow 8-bits data at a time over a cable with eight separate data lines. The
cable that connects two parallel ports contains 25 wires, 8 wires carry data and the
remaining wires carry control signals. In PCs parallel ports are generally designated as
LPT1, LPT2 and LPT3 etc.
Q.17 Function of ports in a computer?
Ans: To link a device to the PC, you plug its connector into a receptacle called a port in much
the same way you plug a lamp card into an electrical outlet. A port is one of the entry
lines coming into the computer. A port provides a direct link to the microcomputers
common electrical bus.
Q.18 What is microprocessor?
Ans: A microprocessor is very large scale integrated circuits (VLSI) developed on a single
semi conductor chip. In spite of small size the chip contains thousands of electronic
components. It is called CPU of a computer.
Q.19 What is motherboard?
Ans: A circuit board in which a complete digital system including microprocessor, program
memory (ROM) data memory (RAM) with other electrical components and input output
ports is housed is called motherboard or main board of the system.
LONG QUESTIONS
Q.1 Define CPU. What do you know about its parts ? Describe the main functions
CPU.
Ans: Central Processing Unit: The central processing unit (CPU) is a brain of a computer,
which performs all the analytical, computational and logical functions that occur inside
the system. The CPU operates by executing a program, processes the data and sends
the results at the output.
The CPU consists of two sub units made up of electronic circuits. These are:
(a) Control Unit (b) Processing unit or Arithmetic/logic Unit (ALU)
Control Unit : The control unit is the most important part of C.P.U as it controls
& coordinates with all other computer units. It performs this function by issuing
necessary commands to various components of computer. It also controls the
input \ output devices as well as backing storage devices. The control unit
generates signals in accordance with the program.
Arithmetic/logic unit : This unit performs arithmetical and logical operations such as
subtraction; multiplication, division, addition and logical comparison on numerical data in
the binary system as directed by the control unit and transfers the results to the control
unit. It can also compare alphabetic information, such as names or determine whether
one name is same or different from another.
Functions of CPU :
The functions of the central processing unit are:-
1) Accepts instructions and data from the input devices.
2) Stores all the instructions and data in the memory (main or auxiliary Memory) and
retrieves the relevant information as and when required.
3) Interprets the instructions and sends commands to relevant units.
4) Performs all the arithmetic and logical operations in the Arithmetic and Logical units
ALU.
5) Controls and coordinates the activities of all the other units. Sends the results to the
output devices when required.
Q.2 Discuss the importance of main memory. Explain the types of main memory.
Ans: Main memory: Main memory is computers primary storage .It is an extension of the
central processing unit (CPU) and is directly accessible to it. Its function is controlled by
the control unit, which sends READ or RIGHT signal to the appropriate memory location.
Main memory accepts data & instructions from the input unit, exchanges data with &
supplies instructions to other parts of the (CPU).
Generally main memory is of two types.
1) Ram 2) Rom
Ram : Ram stands for random access memory, which is the form of scilicon
chips. Program and data always loaded in this memory. This form of memory is
also called a semiconductor memory because it is made from semiconductor
material. Semiconductor material is one which is used to make transistors and
integrated circuits. Its importance is due to its small size and fast accessing
speed. It is a volatile memory.
Rom : Rom stand for read only memory. It is a non-volatile semi-conductor memory
from which information can read but can not write. Rom is frequently used to store data
and instructions which the computer need all the time from the moment it is switched on.
Q.3 What is meant by bus in computer system? Describe the types of computer bus.
Ans: Bus : A bus is a common pathway through which computer system move large amount
of bits in the form of electrical pulses from a specified source to a specified destination.
Buses can be divided into the following types:
Data bus: When people just say the bus , they usually mean the data bus.
The data bus is an electrical path that connects the central processing unit
(CPU) memory, and the other hardware devices on the motherboard.
Address bus: The second bus that is found in every microcomputer is the address bus. The
address bus is the set of wires similar to the data bus, but it connects only the CPU and memory,
and all it carries are memory addresses. The reason that the address bus is important is that the
number of lines in it determines the maximum number of memory addresses.
Control bus: The Electrical pathway, which is used by C.U. to send
control commands to all the units, is called control bus. C.U. directs the
transfer of data from main memory to ALU for processing. The control bus
provides the two-way transfer of data between main memory and
secondary storage.
Q.4 What is a port? What are the functions of ports ? Describe its types.
Ans: A port is a socket, which provides direct link between the system unit and input output
devices.i.e. It provides direct link with a computers common electrical bus and I/O
devices.
Function of ports:To link a device to the PC, you plug its connector into a receptacle called a
port in much the same way you plug a lamp card into an electrical outlet. A port is one of the
entry lines coming into the computer. A port provides a direct link to the microcomputers
common electrical bus.
Serial ports: A serial port provides a connection for plugging a peripheral device with
one data line that carry one bit at a time and additional lines to carry control signals. A
serial port can have 9-pins or 25-pins. In PCs serial ports are generally designated as
COM1, COM2 and COM3 etc.
Parallel ports: A parallel port provides a connection for transmitting fast flow of large
amount of data. Parallel ports allow 8-bits data at a time over a cable with eight separate
data lines. The cable that connects two parallel ports contains 25 wires, 8 wires carry
data and the remaining wires carry control signals. In PCs parallel ports are generally
designated as LPT1, LPT2 and LPT3 etc.
Textbook exercise
2.05 Differentiate between hardware and software of a computer.

Ans: Page # 24 Q # 1 & 2
2.06 Describe the main function of CPU.
2.07 Describe the working and functions of ALU.
2.08 Discuss the importance of main memory. Explain the types of main memorty.
2.09 Describe the function of control unit.
2.10 What is meant by sencondary storage? Mention some secondary storage devices.
2.11 What is meant by bus in computer system? How is data bus differs from an
address bus?
2.12 Describe the functions of ports in a computer. How many types of ports are
generally present in a computer system?
CHAPTER 3
INPUT / OUTPUT DEVICES
TEXTBOOK EXERCISE
1.Which of the following is an output device.
a. Keyboard b. Mouse c. Disk d. Scanner
2. Spacebar on a keyboard is a part of the.
a. Alpha numeric keypad b. Numeric keypad c. Screen navigation & editing keys d. Function
keys
3. Which of the following is not a pointing device
a. Mouse b. Joystick c. Trackball d. None of these
4. Which of the following is used to produce soft copy.
a. Laser Printer b. Plotter c. CD-Writer d. Dot-Matrix
printer
5. The number of colors a CGA monitor displays are:-
a. 4 b. 16 c. 64 d. 256

ANSWERS
1. c 2. a 3. b 4. c 5. a
FBISE
Given below are a few possible answers to each statement, identify the correct one.
1. We enter data and instructions into the computer which is known as:
a. Information b. Output c. Input d. Command
2. The input devices receive data and instructions from outside and send them to:
a. Memory b. Monitor c. Hardware d. Printer
3. Scanner is:
a. Storage device b. Input device c. Output device d. Input / output device
4. The keys at the right of the keyboard similar to those on a calculator are called
a. Alphanumeric keys b. Function keys c. Numeric keys d. Editing keys
5. Which key moves cursor from current position to the beginning of the next line?
a. Backspace key b. Delete key c. Caps lock key d. Enter key
6. An input device which is used to select various options is called
a. Joy stick b. Scanner c. Mouse d. Disk drive
7.The device that converts video images to digital form is called:
a. Digital camera b. Keyboard c. Monitor d. Printer
8. How many colors are displayed by CGA monitor:
a. Eight b. Sixteen c. Four d. Twenty
9. The hardcopy means:
a. Printer b. Printout c. Hard disk d. Paper
10. The printer which can print one complete line at a time is:
a. Dot matrix printer b. Daisy wheel printer c. Laser printer d. Line printer
11.The output displayed on a screen or the files saved on floppy or hard disk is known as:
a. Hardcopy b. Graphics c. Softcopy d. Image
12. Which of the following is an output device
a. Printer b. Keyboard c. Scanner d. Mouse
13.A CD-ROM can have information up to:
a. 100 M bytes b. 700 M bytes c. 1800 M bytes d. 2000 M bytes
14. Which of the following is not an input device?
a. Keyboard b. Light pen c. Mouse d. Speaker
15. An input device, which is used for playing computer games is:
a. Light pen b. Mouse c. Joy stick d. Scanner
16. The keys that provide shortcuts for doing routine tasks are called:

a. Numeric keys b. Alphanumeric keys c. Function keys d. Editing keys
17. One of the editing keys is:
a. Escape key b. Caps lock key c. Delete key d. Space bar
18. The microphone converts the sound into:
a. Mechanical signals b. Electrical signals c. Computer file d. Software
19. Data is processed in the:
a. Input device b. Output device c. Memory d. CPU
20. The software which can translate the scanned document into text is:
a. ALU b. OCR c. CU d. CPU
ANSWERS:
1. c 2. a 3. b 4. c 5. d
6. c 7. a 8. c 9. b 10. d
11. c 12. a 13. b 14. d 15. c
16. c 17. c 18. b 19. d 20. b
ADDITIONAL
1. The devices, which receive information from the outside; convert it into a form that is easily
understandable by the computers are called.
a. Floppy drives, hard disks b. Output devices c. Input devices d. Image scanners
2. The devices, which retrieve information from the computer memory; convert it into a form that can be
directly understood by human are called
3. The devices, which are used as mass storage as well as input devices for bulk transformation of data are
called.
4. The devices, which convert any image into electronic form by shining light onto the image sensing the
intensity of the reflection at every point are called.
5. A pointing device almost like a mouse turned upside down is called.
a. Output device b. Image scanner c. Trackball d. Electric light
6. An input device, which consists of a photocell, placed in a small tube, which can sense a position on
display tube when its end is held against the screen is called.
a. Output device b. Image scanner c. Trackball d. Electric light pen
7. There are two types of monitors.
a. Composite and RGB b. Monochrome monitors and colored c. Green and amber d. RGB and
Amber

8. Monochrome monitors are of two varieties depending upon shade of the display
a. Monochrome monitors and colored b. Composite and RGB c. RGB and Amber d. Green
andamber
9. The two basic types of colored monitors are.
a. Monochrome and colored b. RGB andAmber c. Green and amber d. Composite and
RGB
10. The printer in which each letter is formed with the series of dots is called.
a. Daisy wheel printers b. Line printers c. Laser printers d. Dot matrix printers
10. The printers, which use a print mechanism in the form of a series of petals arranged on a petal wheel
with
11. a character contained at the end of each petal are called.
a. Dot matrix printers b. Laser printers c. Daisy wheel printers d. Line printers
12. The printers, which print one complete line at a time are called
a. Dot matrix printers b. Daisy wheel printers c. Line printer d. Laser printers
13. The printers in which on scanning by electric field, a charged image is formed on paper and this paper
is
passed through an ink fog, the ink adheres a charged spots are called.
a. Inkjet printers b. Laser printers c. Electro thermal printers d. Electro static
printers
14. The printers, which are inexpensive, small, require low voltage and can only print on a special heat
sensitive waxy paper are called.
a. Electrostatic printers b. Electro thermal printers c. Inkjet printer d. Laser printers
15. The printers, which work in the same way as dot matrix printers except that these printers have fine
spray
nozzles instead of tiny pins are called.
a. Laser printers b. Inkjet printers c. Electro thermal printers d. Electro static
printers
16. The printers, which use laser and electro photographic technology for printing are called.
a. Inkjet printers b. Electro thermal printers c. Electro static printers d. Laser printers
ANSWERS
1. c 2. b 3. a 4. D 5. c
6. d 7. b 8. d 9. d 10. d
11. c 12. c 13. d 14. b 15. b
16. d
SHORT ANSWERS
Q.1 Define I/O devices?
Ans: The input / output (I/O) device provide the means of communication between computer
and computer world. They are also known as Peripheral devices because they surround
the CPU. Input devices are used to enter data into primary storage unit. Output devices
display results from the primary storage devices further processing.
Input Devices:-
1. Keyboard 2. Mouse 3. Punch Card 4. Scanner
5. Joystick 6. Light Pen 7. Web Cam
Output Devices:-
1. Video Monitor 2. Printer 3. Speakers 4. Plotters
Q.2 What is a qwerty ?
Ans: Qwerty is a standard layout of keys. Popular keyboard have enhanced Qwerty
arrangement of keys for easy entry of numbers.
Q.3 Name different types of keyboards?
Ans: Keyboard is the primary INPUT device through which a person communicates with a
computer. There are two types of keyboard available with the computers.
1.PC/XT style keyboards 2. PC/AT style keyboards
Q.4 Name different areas of keyboard.
Ans: A keyboard is an input device and may be divide into four general areas:
1. Typewriter area or Alphanumeric Keypad. 2. Numeric Keypad
3. Function Keypad 4. Screen Navigation and Editing Keys.
Q.5 Describe a Mouse.
Ans: A mouse is a pointing input device. It is used to select various options. It consists of a
small hand-held unit with one, two or three buttons and a small ball at the bottom on
which it can roll. As the mouse is moved across the desk on a mouse pad, it guides a
small locator symbol (arrow), which moves across the screen.
Q.6 What is joy stick?

Ans: Joystick is an input device, a small box with moving stick and buttons. It is generally
found with microcomputers for playing computer games.
Q.7 What is track ball?
Ans: A track ball is a pointing device almost like a mouse turned upside down. The cursor
moves on the screen by rolling the plastic ball with a fingertip or wrist.
Q.8 What is electric light pen?
Ans: A light pen is an input device attached to some video display terminal. It consists of
photocell placed in a small tube, which can sense the position on display tube when tip
of the pen is held against the screen.
Q.9 What do you know about scanners used in computer?
Ans: Scanner is also a type of input device. Image scanners convert any image into electronic
form by shining light on to the image and sensing the intensity of the reflection at every
point. The image scanner is useful because it translates printed images into an electronic
format that can be stored in computers memory.
Q.10 What is meant by voice recognition also describe various steps involved in
speech Recognition.
Ans: Translating voice into text is known as voice recognition. The steps involved in voice
recognition are:

Say the word: By speaking into the microphone, each sound is broken down into various
frequencies.
Digitize the word: Each frequency in a sound is digitized so that it can be manipulated.
Match the word: The digitized version of the word is matched against similarly formed
templates in the systems electronic dictionary.
Display words or perform the command: When a match is found, the word is displayed on the
screen or the command is performed. The speaker is asked to repeat the word if no
matching is found.
Q.11 What IS DIGITAL CAMERA?
Ans: A digital camera is an input device, which converts images in a digital form and saves
them on computers memory.
Q.12 What is disk drive?
Ans: Disk Drives are known as input output devices. The drive rotates the disk put into it with
precise timing. A read/write head, which floats just above the spinning disk, reads/writes
data on the disk. Disk drives input large data in few seconds.
Q.13 What are output devices?
Ans: Output devices provide ways to get back the information from a computer. A number of
output devices are in use such as monitors, printers, disk drives etc.
Q.14 Name different types of monitors.
Ans: The peripheral device attached with computer for viewing output, is known as Monitor. It
is also known as Visual Display Unit(VDU) or cathode Ray Tube(CRT). It looks like the
screen of a television set. It is used to display the output. There are two major types of
monitors available.
1) Monochrome 2) Color (CGA, EGA, VGA, Super VGA etc.)
Q.15 What are printers?
Ans: The printers are one of the most useful out put devices. Printers are used to produce hard
copy or permanent record of computers output. These are classified into two main
categories; impact printers and non-impact printers.
Q.16 What are impact printers?
Ans: Impact printers work like typewriters. Various types of impact printers are; dot matrix
printers, daisy wheel printers and line printers.
Q.17 What are dot matrix printers?

Ans: The dot matrix printers is an impact printers which uses tiny pins arranged to hit the
ribbon and the paper. In dot matrix printers each letter is formed with a combination of
dots. A dot matrix may have 9, 18, 24 or 32 pins arranged vertically in a print head. The
dot matrix printer arranges pins to print dots that form characters and all kinds of
images.
Q.18 What are daisy wheel printers?
Ans: The daisy wheel printers use a flat disk or wheel with petal like projections each with a
different character at the tip. The wheel rotates to bring the desired character into
position. A character is formed when hammer strikes the petal under it.
Q.19 What are line printers?
Ans: The printers, which print one complete line at a time, are called line printers. Line
printers are also impact printers and may be further divided into drum printers and band
or chain printers.
Q.20 What are non-impact printers?
Ans: Non-impact printers produce a printed image without a striking the paper. They have
improved printing quality and speed. Some non-impact printers are; electro thermal
printers, ink jet printers and laser printers.

Q.21 What are electrostatic printers?
Ans: Electrostatic printers are high-speed non-impact line printers. A charged image is
formed on paper by electric field. This paper is passed through an ink fog. The ink
particles adhere at the image on the paper to form a visible image. The paper is then
passed through the heated rollers for fixing the image.
Q.22 What are electro thermal printers?
Ans: Thermal printers produce characters on heat sensitive waxy papers. These were popular
a few years ago because they are portable and have low cost. But the draw back is that
they require special heat sensitive waxy paper.
Q.23 What are ink jet printers?
Ans: Ink jet printers work in the same way as dot matrix printers accept that ink jet printers
have fine nozzles instead of tiny pins used in dot matrix print head. Nozzles spray a
stream of ink onto the paper. Because the in case put directly on the paper therefore
these printers require ink in reservoirs instead of ribbon.
Q.24 What are plotters?
Ans: Plotters are special output devices that produce graphics output in black and white or in
color. Plotters produce large drawings or images such as construction planes of buildings
or aircraft design etc.
Q.25 What is CD Writer?
Ans: A CD Writer can write once on a record able compact disk (CD-R) to create a CD-ROM.
A CD-ROM can save large amount of data up to 700 Mbytes.
Q.26 What do you know about Laser Printers?
Ans: Laser printer is the fastest machine in the printer family. It uses laser and Electro
photographic technology to acquire speed for printing. It produces high quality output
quickly and quietly. Laser printers contain special memory to store image. The
advantage of Laser printer is, to produce better graphic image than the other printers.
Q.27 What is a CD-ROM?
Ans: It is most common type of optical storage medium. Data is written in a series of lands
and pits on the surface of compact disk (CD), which can be read by a laser in a CD ROM
drive.
LONG QUESTIONS
Q.1 Name different areas of keyboard and some key functions.

Ans: A keyboard may be divided into four general areas:-
1) Alphanumeric keypad 2)Numeric keypad
3) Function keypad 4) Screen navigation & editing keys
1) Alphanumeric keypad: The position of various keys in the alphanumeric key pad is
similar to those on a typical typewriter and is also called typewriters area.Alphanumeric
key pad consists of:
a) Alphabet keypad b)Number keys c) Puncation keys, Special character keys and
space bar.
2) Numeric keypad: A numeric keypad is set of keys at the right of the keyboard similar
to those on a calculator. These are dual purpose keys used for rapid entry of numeric
data as well as for editing and cursor control.
3)Function keys: There are ten or tewelve function keys labeled as F1, F2,.F12.
These are located on the left or at the top of the keyboard. These are used to instruct the
computer to perform certain commands.
4) Screen navigation keys: Four cursor control keys are used to move the cursor on
the screen in the direction shown by the arrows on these keys.

Q.2 Differentiate between Floppy and Hard Disks.
Floppy Hard Disks
1. Ability to retrieve or read information Ability to read or retrieve information
randomly. sequentially or randomly.
2. Floppy disks are smaller in size because Hard disk unit consists of 6 circular disk fixed
they have only one platter i.e. 5.25 and 3.5. to central shaft.
3. They have less storage capacity i.e. 1.2 They can store a lot more information than
and 1.4 megabytes. floppy disks.
4. Floppy disks are slower to respond. Hard disks are much faster than floppy disks
to respond.
5. They can easily move from computer to They are normally fixed in a computer
computer. system.
6. They are inexpensive. These are a little expensive.
7. The floppy disks are made up of tape Hard disks are made up of hard metallic
material. material.
Q.3 What do you know about ink jet printers ?
Ans: Ink jet printers work in the same way as dot matrix printers except that ink jet printer
have fine nozzles instead of tiny pins used in dot matrix print head. Nozzles spray a
stream of ink onto the paper. Because ink is directly put onto the paper, therefore, these
printers require ink in reservoirs instead of ribbon. Since no mechanical movement is
involved, hence these printers are much quiter and have speed of about 200 characters
per second. Ink jet printers are also available which have more than one ink reservoir,
each with a different colour. The colours can be chosen through software to allow the
printer to print rainbow colours.
Q.4 What do you know about Laser Printers?
Ans: Laser printer is the fastest machine in the printer family. It uses laser and Electro
photographic technology to acquire speed for printing. It produces high quality output
quickly and quietly. These printers can print more than 20,000 lines per minute. A bit-
mapped image of a page is formed in the computer by software. This image is
transferred to the printer which activates a laser beam. The laser beam duplicates the
image on a rotating drum and form a charged image on it. The image is transferred on
the paper that passes between the drum and a positively charged corona wire. The dots
of the toner forming the image get fused onto the paper under the combined effect of
heat and pressure when passing through the roller. Laser printers contain special
memory to store image. The advantage of Laser printer is, to produce better graphic
image than the other printers.
TEXT BOOK EXERCISE

Q. 3.05 Name two very important input devices and describe their purpose in computer
system.
Ans: Page # 32 Q # 5 & 6
Q. 3.06 Name different areas of a keyboard and some key functions.
Q. 3.07 What is a mouse? How it works?
Q. 3.08 Describe the working and uses of trackball.
Q. 3.09 What do you know about scanner? How scanner text can be edited?

Ans: Scanner: Scanner is also a type of input device. Image scanners convert any image into
electronic form by shining light on to the image and sensing the intensity of the reflection
at every point. The image scanner is useful because it translates printed images into an
electronic format that can be stored in computers memory. Optical character recognition
(OCR) software translates the scanned document into text that can be edited. To edit
photographs, graphic softwares are used.
Q. 3.10 What is meant by voice recognition? Expain.
Q. 3.11 What is a colour monitors? Describe some features of different coloured monitors.
Ans: Colour monitors can display images in multiple colours. Monitors are classified by their
image producing technology. For example a colour graphic adapter (CGA) displays four
colours at a resolution of 320 by 200 pixles. An extended graphic adapter (EGA)
produces images upto 16 different colours at a high resolution of 640 by 480 pixles. A
video graphic array (VGA) present simultaneously up to 256 colur shades at resolutions
up to 720 by 400 pixles. Similarly new monitors of high resolutions are coming up with
new standards such as S-VGA from 800 by 600 pixles to 1280 by 1024 pixles.
Q. 3.12 Explain the difference between impact printers and non-impact printers.
Ans: Page # 33 Q # 16 Page # 34 Q # 20
Q. 3.13 Explain the working of dot-matrix printers.
Ans: Page # 33 Q # 17
Q. 3.14 Explain how Ink-jet printers differs form Laser printers?
Ans: Page # 34 Q # 23 & 26
Q. 3.15 What is plotter? How it works?
or aircraft design etc. The two basic types of plotters are the drum plotter and the flatbed
plotter. Both have one or more pens that move over a sheet of paper to produce images.
In drum plotter, the pen and the drum move x and y-axes to trace out the pattern, graph
or chart.Drum plotters are also used to produce continuous output.
CHAPTER .4
STORAGE DEVICES
TEXTBOOK EXERCISE
1. As compared to the main memory, secondary memory of a computer
a. Has faster access b. has smaller capacity c. is cheaper d. resides inCPU
2. The data from RAM can be accessed at a speed close to
a. Supersonic speed b. Speed of light c. Speed of sound d. Speed ofUltrasonic
3. The number of read/write heads for a hard disk of four platters is
a. 4 b. 6 c. 8 d. 16
4. The number of tracks in one cylinder of hard disk with two platters is
a. 4 b. 8 c. 16 d. 32
5. A hard disk is also called a
a. Compact disk b. Winchester disk c. System disk d. Changeable disk

ANSWERS:
1. a 2. b 3. c 4. a 5. b
FBISE
1.A byte is a group of:
a. 10 bits b. 4 nibbles c. 8 bits d. 16 bits
2.Which one of the following is volatile memory?
a. PROM b. ROM c. RAM d. EPROM
3. SIMM stands for:
a. Secondary In-line Memory Module b. Single In-line Memory Module
c. System In-line Memory Module d. None of above
4. The storage capacity of a CD-ROM is approximately equal to:
a. 100 floppy b. 200 floppy c. 500 floppy d. 1000 floppy
5. ROM is a part of computers
a. External memory b. Internal memory c. Direct access memory d. None of the above
6.Which of the following devices has single track?
a. Floppy disk b. Hard disk c. CD-ROM d. Magnetic tape
7. Which of these is the fastest memory device?
a. Floppy disk b. Hard disk c. CD-ROM d. RAM
8. The data from RAM can be accessed at a speed close to:
a. Supersonic speed b. Speed of light c. Speed of ultrasonic d. Speed of sound
9. Four nibbles are equal to:
a. One byte b. Two bytes c. Four bytes d. Eight bytes
10. RPM stands for:
a. Reflects per minute b. Rotations per minute c. Reading Operations per minute d. None of above
11. Smallest unit of memory is:
a. Byte b. Bit c. Character d. Word
12. Four-platter hard disk contains:
a. 20 Read/Write heads b. 5 Read/Write heads c. 8 Read/Write heads d. 10 Read/Write heads
13. DIMM stands for
a. Disk In-line Memory Module b. Dual In-line Memory Module
c. DOS In-line Memory Module d. None of the above
14. 1 Kilobyte is equal to:
a. 1000 bytes b. 1024 bytes c. 1015 bytes d. 1020 bytes
15. A pit in a CD-ROM represents
a. 0 or 1 b. 0 c. 1 d. 2

16. Function of main memory is controlled by:
a. Logic unit b. Arithmetic and logic unit c. Control unit d. System unit
17. 1 Megabyte is equal to:
a. 1024 Gigabyte b. 1024 Bytes c. 1024 Kilobyte d. 1024 Terabytes
18. Speed of DIMM is:
a. Equal to SIMM b. Less than SIMM c. Higher than SIMM d. None of above
19. Hard disk is a:
a. Sequential access storage device b. Direct access storage device
c. Portable storage device d. None of above
20. 3.5 High density floppy disk has capacity of:
a. 1.2 MB b. 1.44 MB c. 1.33 MB d. 2 MB
ANSWERS:
1. c 2. c 3. b 4. c 5. b
6. c 7. d 8. b 9. b 10. b
11. b 12. d 13. b 14. b 15. b
16. c 17. c 18. c 19. b 20. b
ADDITIONAL
1. A type of non-volatile memory that can be altered easily by the end user is called.
a. Cache memory b. Flashmemory c. Sequential access memory d. Direct access memory
2. Computer designers, to increase computer system throughput/speed/efficiency use.
a. Direct access memory b. Flash memory c. Cache memory d. Sequential access
memory
3. Auxiliary storage is of two types:
a. Sequential access memory and direct access memory b. Flash memory and cache memory
c. Flash memory and sequential access memory d. Cache memory and direct access memory
4. The type storage which is non addressable that is an operator cannot refer directly to the contents of a
particular storage location such as that used with magnetic tape is called
a. Flash memory b. Cache memory c. Direct access memory d. Sequential access memory
5. The type of storage, which is addressable, that is a given item can be selected from anywhere in storage
by simply specifying the address where it is located is called.
a. Flash memory b. Cache memory c. Sequential access memory d. Direct access memory
6. There are two fundamental types of magnetic disks called
a. Floppy disks and compact disks b. Hard disksand compact disks
c. Floppy disks and hard disks d. Fixed disks and hard disks

ANSWERS:
1. b 2. c 3. a 4. d 5. d 6. c
SHORT ANSWERS.
Q.1 What is meant by computer storage?

Ans: Computer storage or computer memory is an electronic file in which instructions and
data are placed until needed. It is divided into two classes:
1) Main storage or main memory 2) Secondary storage or secondary memory
Q.2 Differentiate between main and secondary memory?
Ans: The major distinction between main and auxiliary storage is of the cost in relation to
performance and capacity. Main memory provides very fast performance or it is directly
accessible by the CPU but is much more costly per unit of capacity than the auxiliary
storage devices. Auxiliary storage provides maximum capacity for large data files.
Q.3 What is a bit and bite?
Ans: Bit: The basic unit of a digital computer is a bit, which stands for binary digit. A bit is a
binary number and has value 1 or 0 representing ON or OFF state.
Byte: A collection of 8 bits is called a Byte. It is a set of bits, which represents a
particular character or symbol. In memory one byte can store only one character. In
other words the minimum number of bits that a computer can handle as one unit is
called a byte and it is a fixed number of adjacent bits that represent a particular
character or symbol.
Q.4 What is a nibble?
Ans: A four-bit sequence is called a nibble. Hence, one byte contains two nibbles.
Q.5 Describe units of memory?
Ans: The main units of memory are as follows:
1 Nibble = 22 bits = 4 bits
1 Byte = 23 bits = 8 bits
1 Kilobyte (KB) = 210 bytes = 1024 bytes
1 Megabyte (MB) = 220 bytes =1024 Kilobytes
1 Gigabyte (GB) = 230 bytes =1024 Megabytes
Q.6 Define main memory?
Ans: It is an extension of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) and is directly accessible to it. Its
function is controlled by the Control Unit (CU), which sends read or write signal for the
appropriate memory location. Main memory accepts data and information from the input
unit, exchanges data with and supplies instructions to other parts of the CPU.
Q.7 Explain the types of main memory?
Ans: There are various types of semiconductor storage, i.e. RAM, ROM, PROM, EPROM,
EEROM AND EAROM.
Q.8 What do you understand by RAM?
Ans: Random Access Memory (RAM): In RAM each element of information has its own
address (location) from which any element can be retrieved easily and quickly by using
that address. The computer can store (write) data at any selected location (address) and,
at any subsequent time, retrieve (read) the data.
Q.9 What is the unit for measurement of RAM?
Ans: Generally RAM is measured in Kilobytes or Mega bytes.
Q.10 Why RAM is a Volatile Memory?
Ans: RAM is referred as a volatile memory because it is active only when computer is on and
the data stored in it disappears whenever the computer is switched off.
Q.11 What is the physical structure of RAM?
Ans: RAM has no moving parts. Data can be accessed from RAM without any mechanical
movement at electronic speed, close to the speed of light. Most of todays computers use
CMOS technology for RAM. A CMOS memory chip less than one-fourth the size of a
postage stamp can store more than 4,000,000 bits, or more than 400,000 characters of
data.
Q.12 Explain SIMMs and DIMMs?
Ans: SIMMs {Single In-line Memory Modules) and DIMMs {Dual In-line Memory Modules) are
circuit boards with links directly to the processor. They provide large memory capacity
and require very little space. They are available in several speeds and configurations.
Q.13 How much memory a DIMM or SIMM can hold?
Ans: Each SIMM or DIMM can hold 4 MB to 128 MB of RAM and RAM capacity can be
increased by plugging in more SIMMs or DIMMs chips.
Q.14 Explain the RAM technologies?
Ans: The most common RAM technologies are Dynamic RAM (DRAM) and Static RAM
(SRAM). DRAM is used in more computers than SRAM. However, SRAM is faster than
DRAM because it does not have to be refreshed hundreds of times a second like DRAM.
It is also much more expensive and requires more space and power than does DRAM.
Q.15 What do you know about ROM?
Ans: Read Only Memory (ROM): This semiconductor chip is the permanent memory of the
computer designed by the manufacturers and cannot be altered by the programmer. It is
used to store the instructions required to control the basic input-output operations of a
computer whenever the computer system is turned on.
Q.16 What is the function of ROM?
Ans: When a microcomputer system is turned on, a program in ROM that resides in it
automatically readies the computer system for use and displays the initial display-screen
prompt.
Q.17 Define firmware?
Ans: The programs stored in ROM by the manufacturers are called firmware.
Q.18 Why ROM is a Non-Volatile Memory?
Ans: ROM is a non-volatile memory because the contents of this memory are not lost when
the computer is turned off.
Q.19 What is PROM?
Ans: A variation of ROM is programmable read-only memory (PROM), into which the user
can load read-only programs and data. ROM and PROM are used in a variety of
capacities within a computer system.
Q.20 What is the computer word?
Ans: In computers, data/instructions flow in groups of bits called words. A word size is the
number of bits a microprocessor handle at one time. For example an 8-bit
microprocessor can manipulate 8 bits of data at a time.
Q.21 What is throughput?
Ans: The rate at which work can be performed by a computer system is known as throughput.
Q.22 Explain secondary memory?
Ans: Secondary Memory, or secondary storage is used to supplement the capacity of main
storage. This memory stores a bulk of information. It is also called auxiliary storage or
mass storage. The information stored in this memory is used by the CPU by first bringing
it to main memory. Examples of auxiliary memory are magnetic disks, magnetic tape
and mass cartridge systems.
Q.23 What is the importance of secondary Memory?
Ans: Auxiliary storage or backing storage is used to supplement the capacity of main storage.
It is essential due to the limited size of RAM and because RAM is only a temporary
memory and it is expensive as well. It provides massive capacity for storing large
number of program and vast amount of data of hundreds of megabytes.
Q.24 Give some examples of auxiliary storage?
Ans: These permanent storage devices come in the form of magnetic tapes, magnetic disks
and laser holographic storage devices.

Q.25 What is a magnetic tape device?
Ans: Magnetic tape is a thin Mylar tape from inch to 1 inch wide, coated with ferrous oxide,
on which information is recorded in binary form. The information is transferred to and
from the tape with a read/write head, which encodes the magnetic signals on the ferrous
oxide tape coating as the tape moves across the read/write head.
Q.26 Give some examples of magnetic tape devices?
Ans: It is available in two primary forms i.e. reel-to-reel tape and data-cassette/cartridge tape.
Q.27 Explain the structure of magnetic disks?
Ans: It is a metal or plastic disk coated with ferrous oxide. A bit pattern may be magnetically
coded onto the ferrous oxide. These disks spin in the disk drives, thus the read/write
heads can reach any data on the disks directly rather than sequentially.
Q.28 What are the types of magnetic disks?
Ans: There are two fundamental types of magnetic disks: interchangeable disks called the
floppy disks and fixed disks called the hard disks.
Q.29 What do you know about floppy disks?
Ans: The floppy disks are the most common form of secondary storage. The 5.25 inches
diskettes were called floppy disks. The smaller 3.5 inches disks are commonly named as
microfloppy disks. The read/write head of the disk drive contacts the disk, which rotates
at a speed of 300 rpm, through a window in the plastic cover. Microcomputer disks use
sector organization to store and retrieve data.
Q.30 What is sector organization?
Ans: In sector organization, the recording surface is logically divided into pie-shaped sectors.
The storage capacity of each sector on a particular track is 512 bytes or a multiple of 512
(e.g. 1024) regardless of the number of sectors per track. The sector number and track
number represent the physical location of a particular file or set of data.
Q.31 Explain fixed magnetic disks?
Ans: A fixed disk or hard disk is a high speed, large capacity disk and is referred as a mass-
storage magnetic medium that provides computer systems with the ability to read or
retrieve large amount of information sequentially or randomly under the direction of a
controller board. Hard disks (also called Winchester) are developed to meet the growing
need for large secondary storage.
Q.32 Describe the structure of a hard disk?
Ans: All fixed disks are rigid and are usually made of aluminum with a surface coating of
easily magnetized elements, such as iron, cobalt, chromium or nickel and are
permanently installed within the system unit. A hard disk contains several disk platters
stacked on a single rotating spindle. Data are stored on all recording surfaces.
Q.33 What is a cylinder?
Ans: A set of similarly numbered concentric tracks, one on each surface forms a cylinder.
Thus, for a hard disk containing four platters, a computer can access acylinder of eight
tracks in a single movement.
Q.34 What is the spinning speed of disks?
Ans: The disks spin continuously at a high speed (from 3600 rpm to 6000 rpm) in hard disks.
LONG QUESTIONS
Q1. What do you know about computer memory? Describe its main types.
Ans: Computer memory: Computer memory is made up of electronic components. Every
piece of information that is stored within the computers memory is encoded as some
unique combination zeros and ones. These zeros and ones are called bits. A bit only
have the value of zero or one, bits are grouped into units of eight , called bytes. One
byte is enough computer memory to hold one character of information. Computer
memory can be divided into two basic types which are as
a) Main memory or primary memory b) Secondary memory and secondary
storage
Main memory: It is an extension of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) and is directly
accessible to it. Its function is controlled by the Control Unit (CU), which sends read or
write signal for the appropriate memory location. Main memory accepts data and
information from the input unit, exchanges data with and supplies instructions to other
parts of the CPU.
Secondary memory: Auxiliary storage or backing storage is used to supplement the
capacity of main storage. It is essential due to the limited size of RAM and because RAM
is only a temporary memory and it is expensive as well. It provides massive capacity for
storing large number of program and vast amount of data of hundreds of megabytes.
Q.2 Explain types of auxiliary or secondary storage?
Ans: Auxiliary storage is of two types.
1) Sequential Access 2) Direct Access
Sequential Access Storage: Access through sequential access storage is non-
addressable i.e. an operator cannot refer directly to the contents of a particular storage
location such as that used with magnetic tape. This involves examining sequentially all
recorded data. This form of storage necessitates tape searching by starting at the
beginning of the tape and continuing to search through all records until the desired
information area is found.
Direct Access Storage: Direct access storage is addressable i.e. a given item can be
selected from anywhere in storage by simply specifying the address where it is located.
Direct access devices such as magnetic disks provide immediate access to individual
records and do not require reading from the beginning of a file to find a particular record
Q.3 What do you know about Rom? Write the names of its types.
Ans: Read Only Memory (ROM): This semiconductor chip is the permanent memory of the
computer designed by the manufacturers and cannot be altered by the programmer. It is
used to store the instructions required to control the basic input-output operations of a
computer whenever the computer system is turned on. When a microcomputer system is
turned on, a program in ROM that resides in it automatically readies the computer
system for use and displays the initial display-screen prompt.
The followings are the types of Rom:
1) PROM 2) EPROM 3) EAROM
Q.4 What do you know about floppy disk? How data can be written on or retrieved
from a floppy?
Ans: Floppy disk: The floppy disks are the most common form of secondary storage. The
5.25 inches diskettes were called floppy disks. The smaller 3.5 inches disks are
commonly named as microfloppy disks. The read/write head of the disk drive contacts
the disk, which rotates at a speed of 300 rpm, through a window in the plastic cover.
Microcomputer disks use sector organization to store and retrieve data.
The read/write head of the disk drive contacts the diskette, which rotates at a speed of
300 rpm, through a window in the plastic cover. Over the window the microfloppy has a
spring-loaded metal shutter that is pushed backd when the diskette is inserted in the disk
drive.
Microcomputer disks use sector organization to store and retrieve data. In sector
organization, the recording surface is logically divided into pie-shaped sectors. The
storage capacity of each sector on a particular track is 512 bytes or a multiple of 512
(e.g. 1024) regardless of the number of sectors per track. The sector number and track
number represent the physical location of a particular file or set of data.
Q.5 Describe the various features of hard disk?
Ans: During the last few years, the rapid development in application software packages has
made the users work much easy and simple, But at the same time These packages has
increased the need of large storages. Hard disks have been developed to meet the
growing demand for secondary storages. These are high speed, large capacity disks and
are reffered as mass storage magnetic medium.
All fixed disks are rigid and are usually made of aluminum with a surface coating of
easily magnetized elements, such as iron, cobalt, chromium or nickel and are
permanently installed within the system unit. A hard disk contains several disk platters
stacked on a single rotating spindle. Data are stored on all recording surfaces.
A set of similarly numbered concentric tracks, one on each surface forms a cylinder.
Thus, for a hard disk containing four platters, a computer can access acylinder of eight
tracks in a single movement. The disks spin continuously at a high speed ( from 3600
rpm to 10000 rpm within a sealed chamber). The chamber keeps the disks surface free
from dust and smoke.
TEXT BOOK EXERCISE
Q.4.05 What is meant by computer storage? How will you classify it?
Ans: Page# 42 Q#1
Q.4.06 What is the smallest unit of memory in digital computers?
Ans: Page# 39 Q#1
Q.4.07 Name four memory units in which memory of a storage device is measured?
Ans: 1) Bit 2) Byte 3)Megabyte 4) Gegabyte
Q.4.08 What is the significance of byte? How other memory units are related with byte?
Ans: Byte: A collection of 8 bits is called a Byte. It is a set of bits, which represents a
particular character or symbol. In memory one byte can store only one character. In
other words the minimum number of bits that a computer can handle as one unit is
called a byte and it is a fixed number of adjacent bits that represent a particular
character or symbol.
1 Nibble = 22 bits = 4 bits
1 Byte = 23 bits = 8 bits
1 Kilobyte (KB) = 210 bytes = 1024 bytes
1 Megabyte (MB) = 220 bytes =1024 Kilobytes
1 Gigabyte (GB) = 230 bytes =1024 Megabytes
Q.4.09 Name some of the computers primary and secondary storage devices.
Ans: Primary storage devices: RAM, ROM
Secondary storage devices: Hard disk, Floppy disk, Magnetic tapes, Compact disk
Q.4.10 What do you know about RAM?
Ans: Page# 40 Q#8
Q.4.13 In what way RAM and ROM differ?
Ans:
RAM ROM
1) RAM is a volatile memory. ROM is a non volatile memory.
2) Data in RAM can be changed. Data in ROM can not be changed.
Q.4.14 What is ROM? How do PROM and EPROM differ from each other?
Ans: ROM: This semiconductor chip is the permanent memory of the computer designed by
the manufacturers and cannot be altered by the programmer. It is used to store the
instructions required to control the basic input-output operations of a computer whenever
the computer system is turned on.
PROM: A variation of ROM is programmable read-only memory (PROM), into which
the user can load read-only programs and data. ROM and PROM are used in a variety of
capacities within a computer system.
EPROM: An EPROM is an erasable PROM. When an EPROM is exposed to ultraviolet
light for about 20 minutes, the entire data is erased. The user cannot erase the contents
of certain selected memory locations.EPROM is cheap, reliable and hence widely used.
Q.4.15 Differentiate between SIMMS and DIMMs.

Ans: DIMMs are characterized by a 64-bit data path and pins on each side that are on
different circuits and that respond to different signals. SIMMs, in contrast, have a 32-bit
data path, and their connectors are on the same circuit and respond to the same signal.
Also, DIMMs can be added to a computer one at a time; SIMMs must be added in pairs.
Q.4.16 Name the types in which magnetic disks can be divided.
Ans: 1)Hard disk 2) Floppy disk
Q.4.17 How data can e written on or retrieved from a floppy?
Ans: Page# 43 Q#4
Q.4.18 Why the capacity of hard disk is very large as compared to floppy disk?
Ans: A hard disk contains several disk platters stacked on a single rotating spindle. Data
stores on all recording surfaces while the floppy disk has only one surface where data is
stored. So the capacity of hard disk is larger as compare to floppy disk.
Q.4.19 Describe the various features of a hard disk?
Ans: Page# 43 Q# 5
Q.4.20 What is a CD-ROM? How does it differ from hard disk?
Ans: CD ROMS stands for compact disk read only memory. It uses laser for retrieval as well
as storage of data. CDs are used for permanently storing a massive unit. It store 650MB
data . The CDs are mostly used for reading already stored data. CD-ROM is optical
storage device while hard disk is a magnetic storage. The advantages of CD-ROM are
its high storing capacity, mass copy of information stored, remobable from the computer
etc. Its main disadvantage is longer access time as compared to that of a magnetic hard
disk. It is suitable for storing information which are not to be changed.
CHAPTER . 7
COMPUTER SOFTWARE
TEXTBOOK EXERCISE
1. Interpreter is a type of
a. System Software b. ServiceSoftware c. Utility Software d. Application Software
2. Which of the following is the characteristic(s) of an operating system?
a. Controls basic input output devices b. Allocate system resources
b. Managing storage space d. All of the above
3. Which of the following is not a single user operating system?
a. MS DOS b. PC DOS c. DOS Shell d. None of the above
4. Which of the following is not an executable command?
a. CLS b. REM c. REN d. COPY
5. Which of the following is a DOS internal command?
a. ERASE b. EDIT c. DELTREE d. SYS
ANSWERS:
1. A 2. d 3. d 4. b 5. b
FBISE
1. Computer hardware is useless without:

a. Software b. Motherboard c. Mouse d. Keyboard
2. System software controls the:
a. Motherboard b. Memory devices c. Entire computer system d. Input/Output devices
3. System software includes
a. Operating system b. Compilers c. Service software d. All the above
4. Entire operation of a computer system is controlled and coordinated by:
a. Hardware b. Service software c. Operating system d. None of the above
5.DOS is a:
a. Graphic and User Interface b. Multi-user operating system
c. Single-user operating system d. Network operating system
6. Computer can understand machine language only, which consists of.
a. 0 & 1 b. 0 to 9 digits c. 0,1 and 2 d. Alphabets
7.The service software helps for managing the:
a. Hardware b. Software c. Data resources d. All of the above
7. Service software includes:
a.Utility program b. Library programs c. Device derivers d. All of the above
9.Peripheral devices mean:
a. Input devices b. Output devices c. Input/Output devices d. Memory devices
10.Microsoft word is an:
a. Operating system b. Utility program c. Application software d. Scientific
software
11.Educational software is:
a. Application software b. System software c. Service software d. None of the above
12. Which one of the following is a single-user operating system?
a. WAN b. LAN c. MS-DOS d. UNIX
13.Computer stores the data in the form of:
a. Folder b. Files c. Program d. All the above
14.The DOS command, CLS is an:
a. External command b. Internal command c. Hardware command d. Memory command
15. Which of the following is external command?
a. DIR b. DEL c. DATE d. FORMAT
16.MKDIR means:
a. Make direct access b. Make directory structure c. Make drawing d. Make directory
17. Which one of the following is not an executable command?
a. COPY b. REN c. REM d. CLS
18. Which one of the following is not single-user operating system?

a. MS DOS b. WAN c. PC DOS d. DOS shell
19.Interpreter is a type of:
a. Language processor b. Service software c. Utility software d. Application
software
20.The DOS command, CD means
a. Change device b. Change directory c. Compact disk d. Change driver
ANSWERS:
1. a 2. c 3. d 4. c 5. c 6 a 7 d
8 d 9 c 10 c 11 a 12 c 13 b 14 b
15 d 16 d 17 c 18 b 19 a 20 b
Additional
1. The type of software, which coordinates the operation of the computer and helps the computer, to carry
out its basic tasks is called.
a. Application software b. System software c. Utility programs d. Library
programs
2. The type of software, which solves particular user problems and helps the user to carry out a task is
called.
a. Application software b. System software c. Service software d. An operating
system
3. A collection of system programs that control and coordinate the over all operation of computer system is
called.
a. Application software b. Utility programs
c. An operating system d. Programming language
translators
4. Those system software, which are used to translate high, level language into low-level language or
machine language and vice versa are called.
a. Library programs b. Service software
c. An operating system d. Programming language translators
5. System software, which supplies the ready-made services to the user to make his task easier is called.
a. Utility programs b. Service software c. An operating system d. Programming language
translators
6. The programs, which help the user to better, manage available hardware; software and data resources
are called
a. Service software b. Library programs c. Utility programs d. Device drivers

8. The programs, which maintain a directory of frequently, used software module and their locations are
called
a. Service software b. Utility programs c. Device drivers d. Library programs
8. The programs, which are required to run peripheral devices such as mouse, keyboard, printer etc are
called
a. Library programs b. Utility programs c. Service software d. Device drivers
9. A table of rose and columns used to store and manipulate any kind of numerical data.
a. Communications software b. Integrated software
c. Word processing software d. Spread sheet software
10. The programs, which are used to draw pictures, 3-D images and animations are called.
a. Integrated software b. Communi-cations software c. Graphics softwared. Spread sheet software
11. The program, which computerizes everyday tasks of recording and filing information is called
a. Spreadsheet software b. Database management software
c. Integrated software d. Communications software
12. The program, which combines a number of individual software packages into a single larger program,
is called.
a. Communications software b. Graphics software
c. Database manage-ment software d. Integrated software
ANSWERS:
1. b 2. a 3. c 4. d 5. b 6. c
7. d 8. a 9. d 10. c 11. b 12. d
SHORT ANSWERS
Q.1 Draw a classification chart for the types of software.

Ans. Software
System Software Application Software
Operating Programming Service Productivity Business Education

Entertainment
System Language Software Software Software Software Software
Translator

Q.2 Clearly define the term data and information with examples.
Ans: DATA:A collection of facts in raw form that become information after proper organization
or processing. OR
Data, a collection of facts and figures, is the set of information that is fed into the computer
(input data). The computer processes this information and the computer provides the
information (output) as a result of the program. Example of data item is:
Naveed Lahore 2000 from Islamabad at tomorrow will arrive
INFORMATION
The organization of data in a meaningful form is called information .The organization of
data in a prescribed form is called information. In other words we can say information is
the organized form of data. Example of Information item is :
Naveed will arrive Islamabad at 2000 tomorrow from Lahore.
Q.3 What is meant by booting? Explain.
Ans: A program that starts a computer. Generally booting clears the machines memory, loads
the operating system and sets up the machine to work. OR
In other words loading a DOS is called booting process. When the booting process is
completed the system gives a DOS prompt to accept and execute DOS commands.
Q.4 What is meant by Operating System
Ans: A computer is a digital electronic device. It performs various operations and can accept
commands only in digital form. There is a need to have an organized collection of
programs that control the overall operation of a computer. Software that enables the
communication between the user and the computer system as a whole is called an
Operating System.
Q.5 Mention various types of operating system.
Ans: Types of operating system.
Single User Operating System And Multi-User Operating System
1. MS-Dos 1. Unix / XENIX / Linur
2. PC Dos 2. Novell
3. Dos Shell 3. Windows NT
4. OS/2
5. Windows
Q.6 Explain the Single User Operating System.
Ans: Single user operating system is used on individual system or computer. This type of
operating system is used only on personal computers or microcomputers and is installed
on all individual machines. Each operating system is designed for a specific
microprocessor. Single user operating system are :
1. Ms-Dos 2. OS/2 3. PC Dos 4. Macintosh system
Q.7 Explain the Multi User Operating System.
Ans: Multi user operating system is used on large computer systems for noncommercial,
scientific and engineering data processing. An operating system enhances the potential of
a computer system by multiprogramming, multiprocessing and timesharing facilities. An
operating system allows the optimum use of the computer system. some of the multi user
operating systems are :
1. Unix/Xenix 2. Novell 3. Windows NT
Q.8 What is Dos ? Explain.
Ans: The single user operating system used in microcomputers is called Disk Operating System
(DOS). Every Microcomputer has its own DOS. It carries out the following major tasks:
OR
DOS means Disk Operating System. It resides on the disk of a computer. DOS is the
software program that ties all the components of a computer together. It carries out the
following major tasks:
1. Control input and output devices.
2. Enable user to load and execute program.
3. Maintain an orderly system of data on the disk.
Q.9 Explain the System software.

Ans: It is a set of one or more programs designed to control the operation of computer system.
These programs do not solve specific problems. They are general purpose programs which
are used to operate the computer system, such as controlling all the operations required to
move data into and out of computer system and all the steps in executing an application
program.
Q.10 Explain the Application software.
Ans: Application software is a set of programs designed to carry out operations of specific
applications. For example Application packages for processing examination results
produce mark sheets as the major output along with other reports.
Q.11 Define the Parameters.
Ans: DOS sometimes requires additional information which you specify in one or more
parameters after the command name. A parameter defines the object you want DOS to act
on. For example, del command requires a parameter that names the file you want to
delete. For example you want to delete a file named NOTES.TXT. Here is what you would
type :
Example : Del notes.txt
Q.12 What are the function of Switch?
Ans: A switch is a slash (/) usually followed by a single letter or number. You use switches to
modify the way a command performs a task. For example you want to use the dir
command to view a listing of a directory that contains a large number of files. When you
type the dir command by itself the filenames scroll so rapidly on the screen that you
cannot read them all. If you add the /p switch you can view the list of files, one screen at a
time.
Q.13 Define Extension.
Ans: Extension helps you identify the type of file. When you create a file, you can choose an
extension that helps you identify the file. The extension must contain no more than three
characters. For example Garrison.Doc
Q.14 Explain Wildcards.
Ans: If you want to perform the same task for a group of files, you dont have to use the same
command repeatedly for each filename in the group. You can use wildcards to specify
groups of files. A wildcards act as a substitute for a name or extension. There are two
wildcards :
i. The Asterik (*) represents a whole word or a group of characters.
ii. The question mark (?) represents a single character.
LONG QUESTIONS
Q.1 Define System software. Describe its types.

Ans. System software : System Software includes the programs which control the operation of
a computer system. System software can be divided into three main groups namely
operating systems. Programming language system translators and service software.
(i) Operating System : an operating system is a collection of system programs that of a
computer system. It manages the resources of a computer system. Examples are DOS,
Macintosh and Unix.
(ii) Programming language translator : A language translator is system software that
converts assembly language / high level programs called source programs into a low level
machine language called object programs necessary for execution. There are three types
of language translators such as Assemblers, Interpreters and compilers.
(iii) Service Software : Service software are the utility programs, library programs and
device drivers that made the life of a uses a bit easier. They help to manage hardware,
software and data resources in a better way.
Q.2 Define application software and explain its types.
Ans. Application Software : Application softwares are developed to help the user to increase
his / her productivity. They make the work of computer users much easier. Application
software can be divided in four major groups such as productivity software, Business,
Education and Entertainment software.
(i) Productivity Software : The most important types of the application software is
productivity software. It helps you to work most effectively, productivity software includes.
(1) Word processing software.
(2) Graphics software.
(3) Communications software.
(4) Database management software.
(5) Intergrated software.
(ii) Business Software : A second major application software category, business software,
helps organizations efficiently accomplish routine tasks. Accounting and pay roll
applications are good examples of business software.
(iii) Education and Reference Software : Education and reference software is designed
to help you learn more about a particular topic. For example it may help you how to type,
how to use word processor, or how to speak French. Educational simulations let you work
with a computerized model of something in the real world. Reference software, such as
electronic encyclopedias can also help you to look up facts on any topic.
(iv) Entertainment Software : Some application packages are designed for entertainment
with these entertainment softwares. One can play cards, fly a simulated jet, play 18 holes
of
golf, solve a Sherlock Holmes mystery, battle monsters or explore new worlds.
Q.3 Define operating system. What are the functions of operating system?
Ans: Operating System: A computer is a digital electronic device. It performs various
operations and can accept commands only in digital form. There is a need to have an
organized collection of programs that control the overall operation of a computer. Software
that enables the communication between the user and the computer system as a whole is
called an Operating System.
Functions Of Operating System:
In brief an operating system does the following jobs:
1) It provides an interface between the user and the computer.
2) It controls access to the machine.
3) It works with ROM to start up or Bootthe computer.
4) It schedules an efficient use of the CPU while eliminating the need for human
intervention.
5) It manages data and information in internal memory.
6) It manages files on secondary storage, making them available as needed.
7) It provides a plate-form to run other software program.
8) It manages peripheral devices such as printer, disk drives and tape devices.
Q.4 Distinguish between single user and multi user operating system .
Ans: Single user operating system:
Single user operating system is used on individual system or computer. This type of
operating system is used only on personal computers or microcomputers and is installed
on all individual machines. Each operating system is designed for a specific
microprocessor. Single user operating system are :
1. Ms-Dos 2.OS/2 3.PC Dos 4.Macintosh system
Multi User Operating System:
Multi user operating system is used on large computer systems for noncommercial,
scientific and engineering data processing. An operating system enhances the potential of
a computer system by multiprogramming, multiprocessing and timesharing facilities. An
operating system allows the optimum use of the computer system. some of the multi user
operating systems are :
1.Unix/Xenix 2.Novell 3.Windows NT
Q.5 Explain the types of commands used in Dos.
Ans: There are two types of commands used in Dos.
1. Internal Commands 2. External Commands
Internal Commands: DOS internal commands are stored in the COMMAND.COM File,
which is loaded automatically into the memory during the boot up process when you start
your system. These are stored in the RAM as part of the booting process and include the
simpler, more commonly used commands you need on regular basis. These commands
remain resident in the RAM and available to you all the time in addition to batch
commands used for execution in a batch file processing.
External Commands: The external DOS commands are those, which need a special file
for its execution. Mostly the DOS commands that are normally not used frequently except
for special operations are called external commands. The three types of files that run as
external commands are COM, EXE and BAT files.
Q.6 Describe at least five Dos Internal and External commands.
DOS Internal Commands
Command : CLS
Purpose : Clear the Screen
Syntax : CLS
Command : Date
Purpose : Display the Date or allows you to change the date from your
terminal or form a batch program.
Syntax : Date[mm-dd-yy]
Command : TIME
Purpose : Time command shows systems time or it set the internal clock
of computer.
Syntax : TIME[hours:minutes:seconds:hundredths] [a/p]
Command : Copy
Purpose : Copies one or more files to other location
Syntax : COPY [Filename][Source:][Destination]
Example : C:\>copy autoexec.bat c:\windows
Command : DEL
Purpose : Deletes one or more files.
Syntax : DEL[Drive:][Path] file name [/p]
Example : C:\DEL readme.txt
Command : REN
Purpose : Changes the name of the file or files
Syntax : REN old name new name
Example : C:\>REN readme.txt Naveed.txt
Command : DIR
Purpose : Display a list of current directory files and subdirectories.
Syntax : DIR[drive:] [Path] [File name]
Example : C:\>DIR
C:\>DIR D : Checks the list of all file or folders in drive D while you currently
in drive C.
C:\DIR /p : Checks the list of files page wise if number of files or more then
a page limit, then use /p switch with DIR command.
C:\>DIR filename. Checks the name of a specific file. Write complete filename and
extension and then press Enter Key.
C:\DIR filename.* Checks the files having same name but having different
extensions.
C:\>DIR *.txt Checks the file having txt extension of different names.
C:\>DIR path For checking the files of a path or location.
C:\>DIR D: Display list of D drive.
C:\>/L Display list of all files in lower case.
C:\>DIR /B Display list of files in bare format, without size, date and time.
C:\>DIR /s Display list of all system files.
Attributes
h Files that are not hidden.
s Other than system file.
d Files only and directory.
a File that have not changed since the last backup.
r Files that are not Read-only.
H Hidden files
S System files
D Files which contain attrib achieve
A Those files which contain all attributes
R Files that can be read, but they cannot be removed due to attrib R
Example
C:\>DIR/AH Displays list of
hidden files.
C:/>DIR/AD Displays list of
all sub-directories only.
C:/>/AR Displays list of
Read-only files.
C:\>/AA Displays list of
all those files which contain attributes.
Attribute
n It is used to check the names of file in reverse or descending order.
e It is used to check the names of files according to extension in descending order.
d It is used to check the file names, according to date and time in reverse order,
the computer shows sew first, then old ones later.
s It is used to check the list of file names according to size, to computer shows big
files first and then little.
gs It is used to check the names with order before the names of sub directories.
N It is used for checking the names of files in order.
E It is used to check the name of files according to extension in ascending order.
D It is used to check files with name, date and time, computer will show old files
first then new ones later.
S For checking the files with respect to size, the computer will show little files first
then big files.
G It is used to check sub directories name with order before files with name.
Example
C:\>DIR/ON Displays names of files in order.
C:\>DIR /OE Displays files extensions in sorted order.
C:\>DIR /OS Displays file sizes in order.
C:\>DIR /OD Displays files date wise, old files are listed first.
C:\>DIR /O-D
C:\>DIR /O-E These commands are used to display list of files in reverse order.

C:\>DIR /O-S
C:\>DIR/O-D
Command : Exit
Purpose : Exit the command processor and return to a previous program
that stated COMMAND.COM.
Syntax : EXIT
DOS External Commands

Command : Attrib
Purpose : It is an external command which used to change the
characteristic of any file.
Example : C:\>ATTRIB config.sys+R+H
+R : To make a file read-only.
+H : To hide a file.
+S : To make a system file.
+A : To make the file achieve.
(+) Sign means that attrib will place on this file and this attrib will activate and with (-) sign this
attrib will automatically remove.
Command : CHKDSK
Purpose : It checks the disk, and tells the total space, number of files on
the disk, free space and tells the total and used RAM.
Syntax : CHKDSK[drive:][/U]
Example : C:\>CHKDSK Enter key
Command : DISKCOPY
Purpose : It is used to copy the contents or data of a disk to another disk.
Syntax : C:\>DISKCOPY Source drive Target drive
Example : C:\>DISKCOPY A:D: Enter key
Command : COMP
Purpose : It compare the two lists of files.
Syntax : COMP [file-spec-][/d][/a][/n]
Example : C:\>DISKCOMP A: D:
Command : TREE
Purpose : It shows directly structure, it shows the directory and sub
directory path graphically.
Syntax : TREE [drive:] [path] [/v] [/a]
Example : C:\>TREE D:
Command : XCOPY
Purpose : It is used to copy files, directories and sub directories.
Syntax : XCOPY source [destination] [a/m]
/A : It helps to copy those files which contain attrib a.
/M : It helps to copy the files and also remove the attrib A.
/P : In case of this with computer shows a message while copping
and you can copy selected file with the help of this with.
/S : In case of this switch computer copies sub directories as well.
/E : In case of this computer copies those sub directories which are
without files.
/V : With the help oh this switch computer also verify the files while
copying the files.
/W : With the help of this switch computer gives following messages
before copying the files.
Command : Backup
Purpose : Backup one or more files from a fixed disk to a floppy or new
disk.
Syntax : BACKUP[source drive:][Target drive:] [switches]
/s : it backs up the contents of all subdirectories.
/m : It backs up only files that have been changed since the last
backup, and turns off the archive attribute of the original files.
/a : It adds backup files to an existing back up disk without deleting
existing files.
/f: size : It formats the target disk before copying files according to the
specified size.
/d: date : it copies those files saved or modified on or after the specified
date.
Command : Command
Purpose : Starts the command processor.
Command : Deltree
Purpose : Delete all files and subdirectory.
Syntax : DELTREE[drive:][path][directory name]
Example : C:\>DELTREE notes.txt
COMMAND : SYS
Purpose : It transfers system files to the target disk.
Syntax : SYS[drive1:][path][drive2:]
Example : A:\. SYS C:
TEXTBOOK EXERCISE
7.05 Clearly define the terms, data information, give an example in each case not
mentioned in the book.
Ans: Page# 48 Q# 2
7.11 What is an operating system? Mention various types of operating systems.
Ans: Page# 51 Q# 3, Q# 4
7.12 What is DOS?
Ans: Page# 49 Q# 8
7.14 Name the types of commands used in DOS and describe at least five commands
of each type.
Ans: Page# 52 Q# 6
7.15 What is meant by booting the system?
Ans: Page# 49 Q# 3
CHAPTER. 8
INTRODUCTION TO WINDOWS
TEXTBOOK EXERCISE
Insert the correct option i.e. a/b/c/d in the empty box provided opposite
each part.
1. The number of mouse actions with two button mouse are:-
a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 6
2. A text box is a type of:-
a. Command box b. Menu box c. List box d. Dialog box
3. Number of Shut down options on Windows 2000 professional are:-
a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5
4. The command that is not present on edit menu?
a. Font b. Go To c. Find d. Ctrl + Z

5. The number of items present on Control Panel depends upon
a. Hardware items attached with the system b. Items contained on Windows CD
c. Item installed during Set up d. Item required by your system
ANSWERS:
1. c 2. d 3. c 4. a 5. c
FBISE
1. Which software controls the entire operation of a computer?
a. Application software b. Business software c. System software d. Control software
2. During the booting process, the operating system is loaded in the
a. Hard disk b. Motherboard c. CPU d. RAM
3. We can change the settings of computer such as a date/time and display by using:
a. Program menu b. Control panel c. Application software d. None of the above
4. Which one of the following is not an operating system?
a. Windows b. PowerPoint software c. Unix d. OS/2
5. Which of the following operating system provides command line interface?
a. Windows 2000 b. Unix c. Windows 98 d. DOS
6. Which function key is used for refreshing in Windows 98?
a. F2 b. F3 c. F5 d. F10
7.Which one of the following is not an input device?
a. Light pen b. Scanner c. Plotter d. Camera
8.How many types of icons are there?
a. 2 b. 3 c. 6 d. 7
9.The minimum amount of RAM required for installation of Windows 2000 is:
a. 32 MB b. 64 MB c. 16 MB d. 128 MB
10. We can select more than one option at a time in:
a. Radio button . b. Check box c. Command button d. Interaction
button
11. The minimum capacity of hard disk for installation of Windows 2000 is:
a. 400 MB b. 1 GB c. 600 MB d. 2 GB
12. The architecture of Windows 2000 is based on:
a. 16 bits b. 32 bits c. 64 bits d. 128 bits
13. A program which is used to protect the computer from virus:
a. Norton Antivirus b. Virex c. Symantec d. All of the above

14. The bar at the top of the window that contains the name of application software is called:
a. Title bar b. Status bar c. Scroll bar d. Task bar
15. Which of the following appears below the title bar?
a. Status bar b. Menu bar c. Scroll bar d. Task bar
16. The number of mouse actions with two buttons are:
a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 6
17. Which of the following is used to move around in a document?
a. Status bar b. Menu bar c. Tool bar d. Scroll bar
18. Which of the following is not a command button?
a. OK button b. Apply button c. Cancel button d. Radio
button
19. Which of the following keys displays the hidden task bar?
a. Ctrl + Esc b. Ctrl + F2 c. Ctrl + Alt d. Ctrl + F7
20.Virus spreads through
a. Floppy disk b. Computer network c. CD-ROM d. All of the above
ANSWERS:
1. c 2. d 3. b 4. b 5. d
6. c 7. c 8. c 9. a 10. b
11. c 12. b 13. d 14. a 15. b
16. c 17. d 18. d 19. a 20. d
ADDITIONAL
1. The colored area on the screen, which contains small pictures or graphic objects, a bar at the
bottom with start button and other things on it is called.
a. Folder b. Icon c. Desktop d. Point and click
interface
2. In case of windows a small graphic object such as My Computer, Recycle Bin and My
Briefcase is called
a. Icons b. Folder c. Desktop d. Interface
3. Graphical user interface (GUI) is also known as.
a. Desktop b. Icons c. Interface d. Point and click
interface

4. The mouse pointer shape which is used to select objects, choose menu commands, access
buttons on the task bar and application toolbars, and dialog boxes is called.
a. Hourglass b. Left Arrow c. I-beam d. Hand
5. The mouse pointer shape, which informs the user that windows, is busy in performing an
assigned task and requests you to wait is called.
a. Hand b. Move c. Hourglass d. Left Arrow
6.The mouse pointer shape that is used to modify and edit text and to position the insertion point
(cursor) is called.
a. I-beam b. Hand c. Move d. Hourglass
7.The mouse pointer shape, which is used to select shortcuts and definitions in the help windows,
is called.
a. I-beam b. Hand c. Move d. Left Arrow
8.The mouse pointer shape, which is used to drag the table to the new location, is called.
a. Left Arrow b. I-beam c. Hand d. Move
9.The horizontal bar containing the start button and normally positioned at the bottom of the
screen is called.
a. Task Bar b. Menu bar c. Scroll bar d. Title Bar
10. A bar located at the top of a window, containing the name of the application, current topic or
current document is called.
11.When there is more in formation that cannot fit in a window at single time, then a bar is
displayed at the right of bottom borders called.
a. Task Bar b. Title Bar c. Menu bar d. Scroll bar
12. The bar, which appears immediately below the title bar on which commands are grouped
together for manipulating information in the windows, is called.
ANSWERS:
1. c 2. a 3. d 4. b 5. c
6. a 7. b 8. d 9. a 10. d
11. d 12. B
SHORT ANSWERS
Q.1 What is an Operating System ?

Ans: A computer is a digital electronic device. Hence to perform various operations it can
accept commands only in digital form. There is a need to have an organized collection of
programs that control the overall operations of a computer. Thus software that enables
the communication between the user and the computer system as a whole is called an
Operating System.
Q. 2 What is the desktop?
Ans: The desktop appears when you load Windows. This contains small pictures or graphics
objects called icons and a bar at the bottom.
Q. 3 What are the icons?
Ans: The small graphics objects such as My Computer, Recycle Bin etc. seen on the
desktop called Icons. Icons carry out specific task on the desktop.
Q. 4 What are the Buttons?
Ans: There is another class of symbols that is used in a GUI called buttons. Buttons are the
areas of screen where clicking causes something to happen.
Q. 5 What is the keyboard?
Ans: Keyboard is an input device for entering text. It also offers shortcut methods for
performing commands and procedures.
Q. 6 What is the mouse?
Ans: An arrow ( ) seen on the screen is a mouse pointer. Some mouse actions in windows
are pointing Clicking , Double-clicking, Right-clicking and Dragging.
Q. 7 What is booting or loading of Windows?
Ans: When you turn on your computer, Windows is loaded automatically into the computers
memory (RAM) from the hard disk. This is called booting.
Q. 8 What is task bar?
Ans: Windows desktop includes number of icons on the left and a horizontal bar normally
positioned at the bottom of the screen. This bar is called the taskbar.
Q. 9 What is the start button?
Ans: Start button is located on the left end of the task bar. It activates the start menu through
which windows offer everything installed on your computer.
Q. 10 What is title bar?
Ans: The title bar at the top of a window contains name of the application and a set of control
icon having Minimize/Restore and close Buttons.
Q. 11 What is the status bar?
Ans: The status bar provides useful information about the window.
Q. 12 What are the scroll bars?
Ans: When there is more information then scroll bars are displayed at the right or button
borders. Scroll bare move a window by clicking arrowheads.
Q. 13 What is the menu bar?
Ans: The Menu bar appears immediately below the title when menu bar is activated, a drop-down
Menu appears below it that lists all its commands.
Q.14 What do you mean by Icon? Write the names of different types of Icons.
Ans: Icons: The small graphics objects such as My Computer, Recycle Bin etc. seen on the
desktop called Icons. Icons carry out specific task on the desktop.
The following are the types of Icons:
Application icons, System icons, Folder Icons, File icons, Drive icons, Command icons.
Q. 15 What happens when you maximize a window ?
Ans: You can maximize window by clicking the maximize button, which enlarges the window to
fill the entire screen. When a window is maximized, a restore button appears in its place.
Q. 16 What are two important characteristics of a well designed GUI ?
Ans: Graphical User Interface (GUI) helps us to interact with The computer easily and user
friendly. In Graphical User Interface (GUI) environment there is no need to remember
the command like DOS. Instead we see the icons and click to perform certain action.
Q. 17 What is Dialog Box ?
Ans: A box appears on the screen to provide some information to the user or to get some
input from the user is called the dialog box. Dialog boxes represent a fast way of
displaying wide range of options from which you can make choice.
Q.18 What is meant by plug and play?
Ans: Plug and play is a characteristic of window 2000 which will automatically detect the new
plug and play device and install the necessary software.
Q.19 Describe the purpose of Taskbar .
Ans: The Taskbar at the bottom of the windows desktop is called taskbar. The taskbar
provides a constant view of applications which are running on the system and an easy
way to switch between them. The taskbar provides a holding place for display icons of all
applications that are running. The taskbar consists of several toolbars. The toolbars can
be added and removed from the taskbar.
Q. 20 What is meant by the phrase wallpaper your desktop ?
Ans: You can change the appearance of the desktops background and other window setting
using the Display properties Dialog box. The display properties dialog box contains tabs
for various pages background tab, Screen saver tab, Appearance tab, Effects tab, Web
tab, McAfee screen scan tab and setting tab. You can use background tab to change the
background of the desktop normally called wallpaper.
Q. 21 What is the benefit of using a screen saver ?
Ans: A screen saver will blank your screen or display a moving image or a pattern if you do not
use the mouse or keyboard for a predetermined amount of time. Screen savers protect
the quality of your monitor. To avoid burning the phosphor screen of the monitor from a
static image when a monitor is left on for a prolong period of time.
Q. 22 Explain the function of My computer Icon ?
Ans: My computer enables you to see easily what is in your computer. Every window computer
screen has an icon by its name in the top left corner. Double click on it and you can poke
around at every thing in your computer hardware as well as software. That allows you to
access to computer resources from hardware device to the folders. Such as floppy drive,
Hard disk drive, compact disk etc.
Q. 23 Explain the function of Windows Explorer?
Ans: Windows Explorer helps you manage the folders, files and disk on our computer or
network. Windows Explorer uses a single window with a dual-paned hierarchical view of
your computer resources. Windows Explorer provides the most efficient means for
managing your computer resources. Experienced users prefer Windows Explorer.
Q. 24 What are List Boxes.
Ans: Boxes that contain a list of options are called list boxes, which can be selected by clicking
or double clicking the mouse over the required entry.
Q. 25 What are Check Boxes.
Ans: Check boxes are used to select one or more items. A number of options are given in a
check box dialog. A small box is given before each option. Check boxes are used when
an option can either have an ON or OFF value.
Q. 26 What is the control panel?
Ans: With the control panel, you can change settings of your computer such as date / time,
Display, fonts and mouse etc. These changes are stored reloaded each time you run
Windows and stay until you change them.
Q. 27 Explain shut down process?
Ans: Close all the running programs using exit command form the menu or clicking on the
programs close button before you turn of your computer. This ensures that Windows
saves your work on disk. Choose shut down option from the start menu. Select
shut down option and click ok in the dialog box.
Q. 28 What is Anti Virus?
Ans: Computer users need to protect their computer for viruses until viruses are eradicated
from their source and until they are no longer written. Fortunately there are solutions to
safe guard your system against viruses. Anti virus software are special programs that
can be detect and remove viruses from the computer. Since many new viruses are
written and spread. The anti virus programs are also updated regularly.

LONG QUESTIONS
Q. 1 Describe three mouse movements in windows.

Ans: Mouse Pointer is a symbol that moves on the computer monitors screen as the mouse
rolls over a flat surface.
Click: To click means to position the mouse pointer on an object on the desktop or in a windows
and quickly press and release the left mouse button.
Double Click: To Double click means to position the mouse pointer on an object on the desktop
or in windows and then quickly press and release the left mouse button twice.
Right Click: Pressing and releasing the right button of the mouse is called right click. Right click
is usually used to display a menu on the screen.
Q. 2 Describe four common mouse pointer shapes.
Ans: The shapes of the mouse pointer change on the screen when mouse is moved at
different parts of the screen or when an application performs certain task. The most
common pointer shapes are:
Left Arrow: It is used to select objects, choose menu commands, access button on the
taskbar, application toolbars and dialogue boxes.
Hourglass: It informs that windows is busy in performing an assigned task and requests
you to wait.
I-Beam: It is used to modify and edit text and to position the insertion point. It is also
called a cursor.
Hand: It is used to select shortcuts and definitions in the Help windows.
Q. 3 Explain windows in a GUI represents.
Ans: Windows is a Graphical User Interface in contrast with the DOS which is command line
interface. An interface determines how you interact with your computer to do things like
entering data or running programs like changing fonts, number lines, breaking the text
into columns or spell checking. On computer hardware part of interface links monitor,
keyboard, mouse etc. Windows is easy to learn because its graphical user interface is
consistent from one application to the next.
Q. 4 Explain the Recycle Bin .
Ans: Recycle bin is a special folder. It contains files and folder that are deleted from the disks
using Del command. The files and folder that are deleted from the disks are transferred
to the Recycle Bin. Recycle Bin allows you to retrieves files that may have accidentally
deleted. Although they are invisible from outside the Recycle Bin. Those files still occupy
as much disk space as they did before you delete them. The space wont become
available until you empty the Recycle Bin.
Q. 5 What is computer virus? How do viruses infect PCs? What are the activities
performed by a virus program? How computer viruses can be checked in your
disk?
Ans: computer Virus:
A computer virus is a self-replicating program containing code that explicitly copies itself
and that can infect other programs by modifying them or their environment such that a
call to an infected program implies a call to a possibly evolved copy of the virus. A
special category of the attack is the computer virus. Viruses are small programs that hide
themselves on your disks.
How do viruses infect PCs?
Viruses hide on a disk and when you access the disk (either a diskette or
another hard disk over a network) the virus program will start and infect your computer.
The worst thing about a computer virus is that they can spread from one computer to
another, either via use of infected floppy disk, or over a computer network. The internet
allow you to access the file from all over the world and you should never connect to the
internet unless you have a virus checking program installed on your computer.
Activities performed by a virus:
1. Copy themselves to other programs
2. Display information on the screen
3. Destroy data files
4. Erase an entire hard disk
Anti virus program can be used to check the viruses in the disk.
TEXTBOOK EXERCISE
Q.8.05 What is an operating system?
Ans: Page# 59 Q# 1
Q.8.06 Describe three primary mouse movements in windows?
Ans: Page# 61 Q# 1
Q.8.07 Describe bour common mouse pointer shapes?

Ans: Page# 62 Q# 2
Q.8.08 What does a window represents in a GUI?
Ans: Page# 62 Q# 3
Q.8.09 What happens when you maxmize a window?
Ans: Page# 60 Q# 15
Q.8.10 What are two important characteristics of a well designed GUI?
Ans: Page# 60 Q# 16
Q.8.11 What is meant by plug and paly?
Ans: Page# 60 Q# 18
Q.8.12 Describe the purpose of task bar?
Ans: Page# 60 Q# 19
Q.8.13 What is meant by the phrase wallpaper your desktop?
Ans: Page# 60 Q# 20
Q.8.14 What is the benefit of using screen saver?
Ans: Page# 60 Q# 21
Q.8.15 Compare My Computer and Windows Explorer.
Ans: Page# 60 Q# 22 , 23
Q.8.16 What is a computer virus? Describe Some of their activities. How computer virus
can be checked in your disk?
Ans: Page# 62 Q# 5
CHAPTER 15
WORD PROCESSING
TEXTBOOK EXERCISE
1. Second bar on MS Word window is called
a. Menu bar b. Tool bar c. Status bar d. Formatting tool bar
2. Pressing Ctrl + V will cause
a. To appear view drop-down list b. To paste the copied item
c. Full screen view of the docu-ment d. To cut the selected item
3. Toolbars command is listed on drop down list of
a. View b. Insert c. Format d. Tools
4. By default word automatically save your document after every
a. 5 minutes b. 10 minutes c. 15 minutes d. 30 minutes
5.Pressing Ctrl + Shift + A causes
a. To select whole document b. To highlight the selected text
c. To capitalized the selected text d. Office assistant to appear
ANSWERS:
1. d 2. c 3. d 4. c 5. d
FBISE
Given below are a few possible answers to each statement, identify the correct one.
1.Start button is on the:
a. Drawing toolbar b. Title bar c. Task bar d. Menu bar
2. Ctrl + Y is used for:
a. Undo b. Page break c. Find d. Redo
3.Ctrl + B is used for:
a. Bold b. Copy c. Cut d. Paste
4.Ctrl + C is used for
a. Clear the screen b. Cut c. Delete d. Copy
5.Which of the following is in the top of the window?
a. Status bar b. Menu bar c. Title bar d. Formatting tool bar
6.Which of the following is used to move around in the document?
a. Scroll bar b. Menu bar c. Title bar d. Status bar
7.Shortcut command used for printing is:
a. Ctrl + P b. Ctrl + B c. Ctrl + Z d. Ctrl + C
8.Ctrl + Z is used for:
a. Page break b. Spell check c. Undo d. Redo
9.Command used for single line spacing is:
a. Ctrl + 2 b. Ctrl + 5 c. Ctrl + S d. Ctrl + 1
10.Which of the following menus is used to customize the MS Word software?
a. Edit menu b. Format menu c. Tools menu d. Table menu
11.Pull-down menus in MS Word are in:
a. Formatting toolbar b. Status bar c. Menu bar d. Task bar
12.Ctrl + S is used for:
a. Saving the document b. Single spacing the document c. Spell check d. None of the above
13.Which of the following bars provide the information about application software?
a. Menu bar b. Tools bar c. Status bar d. Scroll bar
14.Page break option is in the:
a. Format menu b. File menu c. Edit menu d. Insert
menu
15.Which option is not in Edit menu?
a. Undo b. Redo c. Find d. Font
16.Superscript option is in:
a. Insert menu b. Format menu c. Edit menu d. Tools menu
17.Which of the following presents alternative words?
a. Spell check b. Find c. The-saurus d. Rename
18.Which of the following is used to select the paragraph?
a. Single-click b. Double-click c. Triple-click d. None of the above
19.We can set password on MS Word file using:
a. File menu b. Edit menu c. View menu d. Format
20.The total number of views available in MS Word for working with documents are:
a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 6
ANSWERS:
1. c 2. d 3. a 4. d 5. c
6. a 7. a 8. c 9. d 10. c
11. c 12. a 13. c 14. d 15. d
16. b 17. c 18. b 19. a 20. b
ADDITIONAL
1.CAD is the abbreviation of
a. Cold As Drinks b. Cover All Dots c. Computer Aided Design d. Computers Are Dumb
2.Decorative text can be added by inserting
a. Clip Art b. Word Art c. Performing Art d. None of above
3.A drawing object can be filled with a
a. Pattern b. Picture c. Texture d. All of above
4.In MS Word, Flowchart menu comes under
a. Basic Shapes menu b. Callouts menu c. Shapes menu d. Auto Shapes menu
5.Free hand drawing options are provided by
a. Paint Programs b. Draw Programs c. Both of A&B d. None of A&B
6.Microsoft focused its efforts for Windows on making it
a. Easier to learn b. Easier to under-stand c. Faster & more responsive d. All of above
7.Which of the following is not a part of MS Office
a. MS-Word b. MS- Excel c. c. MS Book-shelf d. None of above

8.Using MS Word, the number of characters in a file name are
a. 8 b. 11 c. 255 d. 256
9.In MS Word, Flowchart menu comes under
a. Basic Shapes menu b Callouts menu c. Shapes menu d. AutoShapes menu
10.Free hand drawing options are provided by
a. Paint Programs b. Draw Programs c. Both of A&B d. None of A&B
ANSWERS:
1. c 2. b 3. d 4. d 5. c
6. d 7. d 8. c 9. d 10. c
SHORT ANSWERS.
Q 1 What is editing a document?

Ans: Editing is the process of making alterations in the text. Some features of editing are insert,
delete and undelete, find and replace, cut/copy and paste etc.
Q 2 What is saving a document?
Ans: A document can be saved on a disk in a number of ways such as using save button on the
standard toolbar or selecting save command from the file drop down menu. By default,
while working in word, it automatically saves a document after every 10 minutes.
Q 3 What is formatting a document?
Ans: Document formatting is a process of improving the overall appearance of a document. A
formatted document can communicate a message more effectively.
Q 4 What do you know about typefaces, fonts and point sizes?
Ans: Font refers to the physical characteristics of a typed character. These characteristics
include its typeface, point size, style, pitch and spacing.
Q 5 What is the function of formatting mark?
Ans: MS word stores formatting information in the paragraph symbol. In a paragraph word
shows spaces as dots, tabs as right arrows and paragraph mark showing the location
where the enter key is the Depressed.
Q 6 What do you know about printing the document?
Ans: One of the methods for printing a single copy of every page of a file is to click the print
button on standard toolbar. If you want to print only the specific pages or if you want
multiple copies of a document in a specific order then you must choose the print command
from the drop down list of file Menu.
Q.7 Why is it significant to know that the default mode in word is the insert mode?
Ans: In insert mode, text is inserted into the document at the insertion point. This is the default
mode. Text that already exists is moved forward to make away for the new text.
1. Position the insertion point where you want to insert the new text.
2. When you begin typing , the existing text will move to the right and wrap to the next line.
Q.8 Why it important to close a document before retrieving another file?

Ans: When two document are open at a time memory of the computer is wasted and hence
speed of the computer is decreased. Therefore before retrieving another file we should
close already opened file.
Q.9 What happens if you press [ ENTER ]when the insertion points is in the middle of a
paragraph?
Ans: By pressing enter when the insertion point is in the middle of the paragraph it will break the
paragraph into another paragraph.
Q.10 How will delete a character to the left of the insertion point?
Ans: You will delete a character to the left of the insertion point by pressing backspace key
single time.
Q.11 What is meant by the term WORD WRAP?
Ans: Word Wrap automatically continues text from the beginning of the text line when your
reach right margin.
Q.12 How would you set line spacing to 1.5 lines?
Ans: Set line spacing
Line space is set to 1.5 inch by pressing ctrl + 5 keys.
Q.13 How do you return to words application window when you are in full screen mode?
Ans: Return full screen mode to words application window You can return t words application
window by clicking on the view menu on the menu bar and then click on the normal option.
OR By pressing Esc key.
Q.14 How can you insert, page number in a document?
Ans: Inserting page Number
Click on insert menu on the menu bar and then choose page number option.
Q.15 How do you preview a document before sending it to the printer?
Ans: Previewing a document
Click on the file menu on the menu bar and then choose the print preview option to
preview the document. OR Click on the print preview button on the standard toolbar.
LONG QUESTIONS
Q.1 What are the advantages of using a word processing program over a typewriter?
Ans: Advantages
The typewriter did fair job of getting readable character onto paper. But once those
characters appeared on the paper, it was hard to get them off. You had erased the mistake
or start the document over. This problem was solved when computer word processing
program gave you a chance to preview the pages of your document before they were
printed out. Word processing refers to the use of a computer program to prepare and print
documents. This computer program is called the word processing software. Word
processing software can be used to create letters , memos , and variety of other types of
documents.
Q.2 List the advantages of working MS Windows environment?
Ans: Advantages
1. The ability to run more than one application at a time.
2. The ability to copy and move information among applications.
3. The ability to link or embed objects from one application into another.
4. The ability to display on the screen what you will get from the printer.
Q 3 What do you know about the components of Microsoft word?
Ans: The Microsoft word has following components.
1. The top most band is called the title bar.
2. Second band is called the menu bar.
3. Third band is called the standard tool bar.
4. Fourth band is called the formatting tool bar.
5. Below the tool bars appears the ruler bar.
6. Below and on the right border of the document are the scroll bars.
7. States bar is located at the bottom of the application window.
Q.4 What are the different levels of formatting a document?
Ans: The changing of the appearance of text in a document is referred to as text formatting.
There are four different levels of text formatting.
Character Formatting
Selection of typeface, font sizes and styles for text is called character formatting.
Paragraph Formatting
Paragraph formatting includes text alignment, line spacing, changing indent, tab settings,
numbering, positions and fonts of headings and sub headings etc.
Section Formatting
Section formatting specifies page numbers, headers and footers for different sections or chapters
of a document.
Document Formatting
Document formatting specifies the overall page layout for printing. It includes choosing the paper
size page orientation and margins.
Q.5 What are two methods for changing the margins in a document?
Ans: Methods for changing the margins in a document
Word allows you to set the top, bottom, left, right margins for a page using margins tab in
page setup. Word provides default setting of 1.25 inches for the left and right margins and
1 inch for the top and bottom margins. You can set a gutter margin to reserve space for
binding a document. The gutter is where pages are joined or hole-punched for a ring
binder. The gutter margin is initially set at 0 inch, as most documents are not bound.
TEXTBOOK EXERCISE
Q 15.05What are the advantages of using a word processing program over a typewriter?
Ans: Page#67 Q# 1
Q 15.06List the advantages of working MS windows environment.
Ans: Page#67 Q# 2
Q 15.07What are the different levels of formatting a document?
Ans: Page#67 Q# 4
Q 15.08Why is it significant to know that the default mode in word is the insert mode?
Ans: Page#66 Q# 7
Q 15.09Why is it important to close a document before retrieving another file?
Ans: Page#66 Q# 8
Q 15.10What happen if you press [enter] when the insertion point is in the middle of a
paragraph?
Ans: Page#66 Q# 9
Q 15.11How will you delete a character to the left of the insertion point?
Ans: Page#66 Q# 10
Q 15.12What is meant by the term word wrap?
Ans: Page#67 Q# 11
Q 15.13What is the difference between the File; Save and File, Save AS command?
Ans: Page#66 Q#
Q 15.14How would you select an entire document using the mouse?
Ans:
Q 15.15What are the keyboard shortcut keys for applying bold, italic and under lines the
text?
Ans: Bold : Ctrl+b Italic : Ctrl+I Under line: Ctrl+u
Q 15.16What is the difference between typeface and font?
Ans: Page# 66 Q# 4
Q 15.17What are the different paragraph alignment options?
Ans: Left justification Center justification Right justification Full justification.
Q 15.18Describe some methods for moving the cursor around a document.
Ans:
Q 15.19Name three different views you can access by clicking buttons on the horizontal
scroll bar.
Ans: 1) Normal view 2) Web layout view 3) Print layout view
Q 15.20How do you return to words application window when you are in Full screen
mode?
Ans:
Q 15.21Name the tabs in page set-up dialog box.
Ans: Margins, Paper size, Paper source, Layout
Q 15.22What are the two methods for changing the margins in a document?
Ans:
Q 15.23How do you preview a document before sending it to the printer?
Ans: You can select print preview option from the file menu.
Q 15.24What are the two modes available in print preview?
Ans: Zoom mode, Edit mode
Federal Board SCC-1 Examination 2008

COMPUTER SCIENCE PAPER-1
SECTION A ( Marks 12 )
Time allowed: 20 Minutes
NOTE:- Sections A is compulsory and comprises pages 1 3. All parts of this section are to be
answered on the question paper itself. It should be completed in the first 20 minutes and handed over to
the Centre Superintendent. Deleting/overwriting is not allowed. Do not use lead pencil.
Q. 1 Insert the correct option i.e. A / B / C / D in the empty box provided

opposite each part. Each part carries one mark.
(i) How many bytes can a 16-bit bus can transfer at a time?
A. 4 B. 8
C. 16 D. 2
( ii ) The speed of a computer at which it receives and sends data between various
units depend upon :
A. Bus width B. Register
C. Clock D. Band width
(iii) What does SEMM stand for?
A. Single in Line Memory Model.

B. Single in Line Memory Module.
C. Simple in Line Memory Model.
D. Simple in Line Memory Module.
(iv) Which of the following computers belongs to the first

generation of computers?
A. ENIAC B. Expert system
C. Laptop D.
system/360

(v) Which of the following determines the resolution of an
Image on screen?
A. Hard disk capacity B. Number of

colour
C. Number of pixels D. Type of monitor
(vi)
A B
C
-- X
Refer to the exhibit. Which button will close the window?
A. A B. B
C. C D. D
(vii) Which of the following components is responsible for performing
all of the arithmetic and logical operations within a computer?
A. Bus B. RAM
C. Processor D. Hard drive
(viii)
Start
Refer to the exhibit. Which operation begins with the
user clicking on the Start button?
A. Turn on the computer.

B. Start a program that is highlighted on the desktop.
C. Log off or shut down the computer.
D. Change the BIOS configuration.
(ix) On the wrong spelling of a word, what appears?
A. A green line B. Cursor

blinking
C. A red line D. Tool tip
(v) Pressing CTRL+SHIFT+A causes:
A. To select the whole documents.

B. To highlight the selected text.
C. To capitalize the selected text.
D. Office assistant to appear.
(xi) What Extension do batch files use?
A. COM B. DOC
C. BAT D. EXE
(xii)
Refer to the exhibit. What device is illustrated?
A. Computer case B. Laptop

C. Monitor D. CD-ROM
For Examiners use only:

Total Marks:
Marks Obtained:
Federal Board SCC-1 Examination 2008

COMPUTER SCIENCE PAPER-1
Time allowed: 2:40 Hours Total Marks Section B and C: 43

NOTE:- Sections B and C comprise pages 1 2 and questions therein are to be answered on the
separately provided answer book. Answer any nine parts from Section B and attempt any two questions
from Section C. Use supplementary answer sheet i.e. Sheet-B if required. Write your answers neatly and
legibly.
SECTION B (Marks 27)

Q. 2 Attempt any NINE parts. The answer to each part should not exceed 3 to 4
lines each. ( 9 * 3 = 27 )
(i) Why are machine language and assembly language called low-level languages?
(ii) Give three reasons why a laser printer is a better printer than other non impact printers.
(ii) Define a scanner and name its types.
(iv) Name any six kinds of dialog boxes in a windows application.
(v) Write complete words for the followings:-
EGA, CRT, GUI, Bit, ENVAC
(vi) State the functions of the DEL, Diskcopy and VER commands in DOS.
(vii) A technician needs to prepare a PC for a student who is visually impaired. Which
display properties of Windows will enable the technician to select a large font size
without affecting the screen resolution?
(viii) What display property of Windows would a teacher use to configure the energy saving
features of the PC in his or her Computer Lab?
(ix) A computer virus can damage or delete files on a computer. What software can be
installed on the hard drive to avoid a virus.
(x) Describe the main functions of CPU.
(xi) Differentiate between digital and hybrid computers.
(xii) Differentiate between parallel port and serial port.
(xiii) What is the purpose of read/write head of a hard disk?
SECTION C (Marks 16)
Note:- Attempt any TWO questions. Each question carries equal marks.
( 2 * 8 = 16 )
Q. 3 a. What is an operating system? Mention various types of operating systems. 06
b. Name the tabs in Page Set-up dialog box. 02
Q. 4 a. What are the features available in Print Preview? 03
b. Define any two types of impact printers. 05
Q. 5 a. What is a plotter? How does it work? Describe the different types of plotters.

1+2+2
b. Define CD writer.
03
SOLVED PAPER FBISE ANNUAL 2008

SECTION B (Marks 27)
Q. 2 Attempt any NINE parts. The answer to each part should not exceed 3 to 4
lines each. ( 9 * 3 = 27 )
(i) Why are machine language and assembly language called low-level languages?
Ans: Machine and assembly languages are called low level languages because they
are machine dependent. Computer understands only the language of 0s and 1s.
Machine language consists of numbers and it is impossible for humans to read whereas;
in assembly language some of these numbers are readable by human but however it
closely resembles the machine code.
(ii) Give three reasons why a laser printer is a better printer than other non impact
printers.
Ans: Laser printer is a better printer than other non impact printers due to the following
reasons:
1) Laser printer is the fastest machine in the printers family.
2) It produces high quality output quickly and quietly.
3) It can produce better graphic image than the other printers.
(iii) Define a scanner and name its types.

Ans: Scanner is also a type of input device. Image scanners convert any image into electronic
form by shinning light on to the image and sensing the intensity of the reflection at
every point. Then this image can be stored in computer memory.
Types of scanner:
1) Flatbed scanners 2) Hand-help scanners
3) Drum scanners 4) Over-head scanners
(iv) Name any six kinds of dialog boxes in a windows application.

Ans: Types of dilague boxes:
1) Text box 2) Check box 3) Option box 4) Command buttons
5) List box 6) Side box 7) Spin box
(v) Write complete words for the followings:-
EGA, CRT, GUI, Bit, ENVAC

Ans: EGA: Extended graphic adapter
CRT: Cathode ray tube
GUI: Graphical user interface
Bit: Binary digit
ENIAC:Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator
(v) State the functions of the DEL, Diskcopy and VER commands in DOS.
Ans: DEL: Delete one or more files.
DISKCOPY: It is used to copy the contents or data of a disk to another disk.
VER: Display the Dos version number.
(vi) A technician needs to prepare a PC for a student who is visually impaired. Which
display properties of Windows will enable the technician to select a large font size
without affecting the screen resolution?
Ans:
(vii) What display property of Windows would a teacher use to configure the energy
saving features of the PC in his or her Computer Lab?
Ans:
(viii) A computer virus can damage or delete files on a computer. What software can be
installed on the hard drive to avoid a virus?
Ans: Antivirus softwares are program that can be installed to avoid virus.
(ix) Describe the main functions of CPU.

Ans: The functions of the central processing unit are:-
1) Accepts instructions and data from the input devices.
2) Stores all the instructions and data in the memory (main or auxiliary Memory)
and retrieves the relevant information as and when required.
3) Interprets the instructions and sends commands to relevant units.
4) Performs all the arithmetic and logical operations in the Arithmetic and Logical
units ALU.
5) Controls and coordinates the activities of all the other units.
6) Sends the results to the output devices when required.
(x) Differentiate between digital and hybrid computers.

Ans: Digital computers: Digital computer works with discrete quantities. It uses
numbers
to simulate real time processes.
Hybrid computers: A hybrid computer combines the best features of Analog
and digital computers.
(xii) Differentiate between parallel port and serial port.

Ans: Serial ports: A serial port provides a connection for plugging a peripheral device
with one data line that carry one bit at a time and additional lines to carry control
signals. A serial port can have 9-pins or 25-pins. In PCs serial ports are generally
designated as COM1, COM2 and COM3 etc.
Parallel ports: A parallel port provides a connection for transmitting fast flow of
large amount of data. Parallel ports allow 8-bits data at a time over a cable with
eight separate data lines. The cable that connects two parallel ports contains 25
wires, 8 wires carry data and the remaining wires carry control signals. In PCs
parallel ports are generally designated as LPT1, LPT2 and LPT3 etc.
(xiii) What is the purpose of read/write head of a hard disk?

Ans: Read/write heads are used to read and write the data on the surface of plotters of hard
disk.
SECTION C (Marks 16)

Note:- Attempt any TWO questions. Each question carries equal marks.
( 2 * 8 = 16 )
Q. 3 a. What is an operating system? Mention various types of operating systems. 06

Ans: operating systems: A computer is a digital electronic device. It performs various
operations and can accept commands only in digital form. There is a need to have
an organized collection of programs that control the overall operation of a
computer. Software that enables the communication between the user and the
computer system as a whole is called an Operating System
Single user operating system:
Single user operating system is used on individual system or computer. This type
of operating system is used only on personal computers or microcomputers and
is installed on all individual machines. Each operating system is designed for a
specific microprocessor. Single user operating system are :
1. Ms-Dos 2.OS/2 3.PC Dos 4.Macintosh system
Multi User Operating System:
Multi user operating system is used on large computer systems for
noncommercial, scientific and engineering data processing. An operating system
enhances the potential of a computer system by multiprogramming,
multiprocessing and timesharing facilities. An operating system allows the
optimum use of the computer system. some of the multi user operating systems
are :
1.Unix/Xenix 2.Novell 3.Windows NT
b. Name the tabs in Page Set-up dialog box. 02

Ans: Margins, Paper size, Paper source, Layout
Q. 4 a. What are the features available in Print Preview? 03
Ans: The features available in print preview are as under
1) View one or more pages at the same time.
2) Select zoom mode to view your document or edit mode to modify and format your
document without leaving your document.
3)Shrink to fit mode to fit a document that is just move then one page into single page.
b. Define any two types of impact printers. 05
Ans: dot matrix printers:
Ans: The dot matrix printers is an impact printers which uses tiny pins arranged to hit
the ribbon and the paper. In dot matrix printers each letter is formed with a
combination of dots. A dot matrix may have 9, 18, 24 or 32 pins arranged
vertically in a print head. The dot matrix printer arranges pins to print dots that
form characters and all kinds of images.
daisy wheel printers:
Ans: The daisy wheel printers use a flat disk or wheel with petal like projections each with a
different character at the tip. The wheel rotates to bring the desired character into
position. A character is formed when hammer strikes the petal under it.
Q. 5 a. What is a plotter? How does it work? Describe the different types of plotters.
1+2+2
or aircraft design etc. The two basic types of plotters are the drum plotter and the flatbed
plotter. Both have one or more pens that move over a sheet of paper to produce images.
In drum plotter, the pen and the drum move x and y-axes to trace out the pattern, graph
or chart.Drum plotters are also used to produce continuous output.
The two basic types of plotters are the drum plotter and the flatbed plotter. Both have
one or more pens that move on the paper under computer control to produce an image.
On the drum plotter, the pens and the drum move concurrently in different axis to
produce the image. On some flatbed plotters, the pens moves in both axis while the
paper remains stationary.
b. Define CD writer.
Ans: Localy produced CD-R disks are created on CD writers. CD-writers are peripheral
devices that can write once to a CD-R disk to create an audio CD, or a CD-ROM. CD
writer offer a low-cost alternative to the mastering of CD-ROMs. A growing number
organizations are using CD-R and CD writers to create their own CD-ROMs primarily
for internal reference applications.
03
Federal Board SSC Examination Computer Science

SECTION A
Time allowed : 20 minutes Total Marks : 15
NOTE : Section A is compulsory and comprises pages 1 2. All parts of this section are to be
answered on the question paper itself. It should be completed in the first 20 minutes and

handed over to the Centre Superintendent. Deleting / overwriting is not allowed. Do not
use lead pencil.
Q.1 Insert the correct option i.e. A / B / C / D in the empty box provided opposite each
part. Each part carries one mark.
(i) What function is performed by CU (Control Unit)?
A. Calculation B. Writing Data
C. Controlling Data D. Perform logical operation
(ii) CD writer is a / an.
A. Output device B. Input device
C. I / O device D. Storage device
(iii) According to Demorgans Law what is A + B equal to?
A. A + B B. A . B
C. A + B D. A . B
(iv) What is icon My Computer on Desktop an example of?
A. Drive icon B. Application icon
C. File icon D. System icon
(v) Which of the following statements transfers the control unconditionally?
A. FOR NEXT B. ON GOTO
C. GOTO IF Then
(vi) What is + 0.66 E 4 an example of?
A. Numeric data B. Alphabetic data
C. Alphanumeric data D. Integer data
(vii) What is 2s complement of 000?
A. 001 B. 101
C. 100 D. 000
(viii) Which one is NOT a non-impact printer?
A. Dot Matrix B. Inkjet
C. Laser D. Electrostatic
(ix) What is 1 Mega byte equal to?
A. 1024 bytes B. 1024 Kilo bytes
C. 1024 Giga bytes D. 1024 Tera bytes
(x) What is another name given to built in functions?
A. Library B. String
C. User defined D. Class
(xi) How much data can a 16 bit bus transfer?
A. 1 byte B. 2 bytes
C. 3 bytes D. 4 bytes
(xii) What is the picture on computer screen composed of?
A. Lines B. Circles
C. Pixels D. Dots
(xiii) What is the function of Ctrl+C in DOS?
A. Copy B. Redo
C. Exit D. Break
(xiv) What will be the value returned by SGN ( 8)?
A. 1 B. 1
C. 0 D. + 1
(xv) What does ASCII stands for?
A. American standard currency for information interchange.
B. American standard code for information interchange.
C. American super computer for internation internet.
D. American standard code for internation internet.
For Examiners use only :

Total Marks : 15
Marks Obtained :
Federal Board SSC Examination Computer Science

Time allowed : 2.40 Hours Total Marks :
60
NOTE : Section B and C is comprises pages 1 3 and questions therein are to be
answered on the separately provided answer book. Answer all the questions from
Section B and Section C. Use supplementary answer sheet i.e. Sheet B if required.
Write your answers neatly and legibly.
Q.2 Attempt all the questions. The answer to each question should not exceed 3 to 4 lines
each. (13 x 3 = 39)
(i) Complete the sequence by filling the boxes and label the diagram with suitable
names :
Software
(ii) (a) Why were ICs used in third generation computers instead of transistors?
(b) Why is LCD monitor used in Laptop Computers?
(iii) Perform the following conversions :
(a) (4 A)16 = (?)2
(b) (1001)2 = (?)10
(c) (534)8 = (?)2
(iv) (a) What is machine language? Why is it required?
(b) State the function of a scanner.
(v) In an office a clerk types letter and applications he verifies the hard copies of
these documents and e-mails the soft copies to the concerned persons :
(a) What software will be helpful for the clerk?
(b) What output device does he need?
(c) Which technology will he need to send e-mail?
(vi) State the output of the following program, segment :
10 GOSUB 400
20 GOSUB 500
30 PRINT ONE
40 END
400 PRINT TWO
410 RETURN
500 PRINT THREE
510 RETURN
(vii) (a) State the function of the COPY and DISKCOPY commands in DOS.
(b) As is a string variable in Basic. Assign it any string constant.
(OR)
Draw a flowchart for a program that reads three sides of a triangle and calculates
area of the triangle where :
s = (a + b + c)
2
Area =
s ( (s a) (s b) (s c) )
(viii) State the purpose of Karnaugh Map. Simplify the following function using
Karnaugh Map :
AB C + AB C + AB C + AB C
(OR)
A two dimensional array FAX has two rows and four columns :
5 10 15 20
25 30 35 40
(a) What are the values of FAX (1, 3) and FAX (2, 1)?
(b) Which elements of FAX contain the numbers 30 and 20?
(ix) Correct the errors in each of the following program segments :
10 FOR K = 1 TO 5
20 FOR J = 1 TO K
30 PRINT K+J
40 NEXT
50 NEXT J
60 STOP
(x) (a) Write a Basic Program to draw a square without using Line Statement.
(b) Translate 16 + x2 into
Def FN Statement
(xi) Convert following FOR NEXT loop into WHILE WEND loop :
10 FOR I = 1 TO 5
20 INPUT A (i)
30 NEXT I
40 END
(xii) Read the following code :
10 LET P=0
20 LET Q=0
30 WHILE P < 10
40 Q=Q+P
50 P=P+1
60 WEND
70 END
Complete the sentence :
(a) The output is stored in the variable __________ .
(b) The control variable is __________ .
(c) The No. of iterations is __________ .
(xiii) Consider the flowchart and state :
(a) What is output if a = 0? Input a
____________________

(b) What is output if a = 90?
____________________
(22)
7
C = --------------
180 *a
D = sin (C)
?D
(OR)
Label the diagram with correct items from the list below :
(a) Plastic jacket
(b) Protective cover
(c) Write protect tab
SECTION C
(Marks : 21)
NOTE : Attempt all questions. Each question carries equal marks. (2 x 10.5 =
21)
Q.3 Write a program that reads radius r of a cylinder with height h and calculates its
volume.
(i) Analyze the problem and state one finding.
3.5
(ii) Design a solution by writing an algorithm.
3.5
(iii) Write GW Basic code to solve the problem.
3.5
(OR)
Write a program to read a students marks in a subject and print the grades letter
according to the following scheme :
Grade Range Letter Grades
80 100 A
65 79 B
50 64 C
40 49 D
< 40 F
(i) State which type of loop you think is the most suitable.
1.5
(ii) Write a GW Basic code to solve the problem.
05
(iii) Draw a flowchart of the program.
04
Q.4 What is a computer virus? Describe some of their activities. How can computer virus be
checked in your disk? (3.5 + 3.5 + 3.5)
SECTION (A) : Answered
(i) C (ii) C (iii) B (iv) D (v) C
(vi) A (vii) C (viii) A (ix) B (x) A
(xi) B (xii) C (xiii) D (xiv) B (xv) B
SOLVED PAPER FBISE ANNUAL 2007
SECTION (B)
(Marks : 39)
(i) Software
Operating system Service software Productivity Business software

software
(ii) (a) Because ICs were smaller in size, more reliable and less heat
generating them transistors.
(b) LCD monitor is smaller in size, light weight and easily portable, so it is
use in Laptop computers.
(iii) (a) (4 A)16 = (?)2
= 4 x 161 + A x 160
= 4 x 16 + 10 x 1
= 64 + 10
= (74)10
2 74
2 37 0
2 18 1
2 90
2 41
2 20
10
(4 A)16 = (1001010)2 Ans.
(b) (1001)2 = (?)10
= 1 x 23 + 0 x 22 + 0 x 21 + 1 x 20
=1x8+0++0+1x1
=8+0+0+1
= (9)10
(1001)2 = (9)10 Ans.
(c) (534)8 = (?)2
5 x 82 + 3 x 81 + 4 x 80
= 5 x 64 + 3 x 8 + 4 x 1
= 320 + 24 + 4
= (348)16
2 348
2 174 0
2 87 0
2 43 1
2 21 1
2 10 0
2 50
2 21
10

(534)8 = (101011100)2 Ans.
(iv) (a) The binary language which is written in 0, s and 1, s is called machine
language. It is requested to write the data in machine because machine
can have only two states either on or off.
(b) Scanner shines the light on the text to be scanned and saved its image
in appropriate format.
(v) (a) MS-Word
(b) Printer
(c) Internet
(vi) Two
Three
One
(vii) (a) Function of copy command :
Copy one or more specified files to same / another disk with the same /
different file name.
Function of X-Copy command :
If can copy files from subdirectories beneath the current directory,
creating sub-directories on the destination disk as needed.
(b) A $ = PAKISTAN
(OR)
Start
Input a, b, c
s = (a + b + c)
2
Area = s (s a) (s b) (s c)
Print Area
Stop
(viii) Purpose of K map : K map is a useful technique, which provides a simple

procedure for simplify the Boolean function :
F =AB C+AB C+AB C+A. B . C
ABC
BC BC BC BC
ABC
A 1 1
ABC
1 1 ABC
A
C
F = C Ans.
(OR)
(a) The value of FAX (1, 3) is 15
The value of FAX (2, 1) is 25
(b) The number 30 is present in FAX (2, 2)
The number 20 is present In FAX (1, 4)
(ix) Corrected program :
10 For K = 1 to 5
20 For J = 1 to K
30 Print K+J
40 Next J
50 Next K
60 Stop
(x) (a) 10 Cls
20 Screen 1
30 DRAW U 80 R 80 D 80 L 80
40 End
(b) Def FNP (x) SQR (16 x x 2)
(xi) 10 Cls
20 Let I = 1
30 While I < 6
40 Input A (I)
50 I = I + 1
60 Wend
70 End
(xii) (a) Q
(b) P
(c) 10
(xiii) (a) If a = 0 then
Output = 0
(b) If a = 90 then
Output = 1
(OR)
Write Protective tab

Protective com
Plastic Jacket


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Model Test Items (2008-09)

Computer Science SSC-I

SESSION 2008 09 AND ONWARDS

The book profile is:

Chapter No. of Objective No. of Short No. of Long

Masood-Ul-Hassan Muhammad Afzal

3 INPUT / OUTPUT DEVICES 29 32 35 36

1. The earliest and the simplest computing device was:

a. Octal Number System b. Binary Number System

a. Micro-computer b. Super-computer c. Mainframe d. Mini-

4. In 1642 Blaise Pascal designed a machine called.

A RESEARCH PROJECT OF COMPUTER DEPARTMENT GBHS LAHORE CANTT. (SSC I) 2008-2009 6

18. An Analog computer accepts data in.

a. High Level Language Or Symbolic Language b. Machine Language

A RESEARCH PROJECT OF COMPUTER DEPARTMENT GBHS LAHORE CANTT. (SSC I) 2008-2009 8

Q.1 Define a computer?

A RESEARCH PROJECT OF COMPUTER DEPARTMENT GBHS LAHORE CANTT. (SSC I) 2008-2009 10

A RESEARCH PROJECT OF COMPUTER DEPARTMENT GBHS LAHORE CANTT. (SSC I) 2008-2009 11

A RESEARCH PROJECT OF COMPUTER DEPARTMENT GBHS LAHORE CANTT. (SSC I) 2008-2009 12

Q.38 Give the classification of computers using a block diagram

By Type By Size By Purpose

Analog computer Super computer General Purpose

A RESEARCH PROJECT OF COMPUTER DEPARTMENT GBHS LAHORE CANTT. (SSC I) 2008-2009 13

A RESEARCH PROJECT OF COMPUTER DEPARTMENT GBHS LAHORE CANTT. (SSC I) 2008-2009 14

Q.65 What is an Assembler?

A RESEARCH PROJECT OF COMPUTER DEPARTMENT GBHS LAHORE CANTT. (SSC I) 2008-2009 15

Q. 1 What was the contribution of Joseph Maria Jacquard in the development of

A RESEARCH PROJECT OF COMPUTER DEPARTMENT GBHS LAHORE CANTT. (SSC I) 2008-2009 16

Q.8 Write short notes on the following?

1.10 Describe some of the features of :- a) A Microcomputer b) A Supercomputer

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2. Computer hardware are:

4. Which one of the following is application software?

5. ALU stands for:

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Q. 1 What is Computer Hardware?

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2.05 Differentiate between hardware and software of a computer.

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Q.6 What is joy stick?

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Q.17 What are dot matrix printers?

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Q.1 Name different areas of keyboard and some key functions.

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TEXT BOOK EXERCISE

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Q.1 What is meant by computer storage?

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Q.1 Draw a classification chart for the types of software.

System Software Application Software