University of Southern Philippines Foundation

College of Law
LABOR STANDARDS

COURSE OUTLINE
Ver. 2.0
First Semester, S.Y. 2016-2017

I. Fundamental Principles and Policies

Constitutional Provisions
a.) Art II, Sec. 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 18, 20
b.) Art. III, Sec. 1, 4, 8
c.) Art. XIII, Sec. 1, 2, 3, 14

case: Casimiro v. Stern Real Estate, Inc., G.R. No. 162233 Mar. 10, 2006

Labor Laws, Social Legislation and Social Justice

1. Definition
2. Principles of Social Justice; Distinguish Social Legislation and Labor
Legislation
Cases:
Tirazona v. Phil. EDS Techno-Service, Inc. 576 SCRA 625 (2009)
Hotel Enterprises of the Phils. V. Samahan ng mga Manggagawa sa Hyatt 588
SCRA 497 (2009)
Ha Yuan Restaurant v. NLRC, G.R. No. 147719 (Jan 27, 2006)

3. Limits on the Application of the Social Justice Principle

Case: PLDT v. NLRC, 164 SCRA 671 (G.R. No. 80609 23 Aug. 1988)

4. Purpose of Labor Legislation

II. Labor Code of the Philippines

Sources of Labor Laws
1. PD 442 and its Omnibus Implementing Rules
a.) Effectivity of the Labor Code of the Philippines
2. Jurisprudence

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 3. Rules and Regulations Issued by Administrative Bodies
1
0 4. New Civil Code, Arts. 19, 21 (Exercise of Rights/Compensation for Damages),
1 Art. 1700-71 (Relations between Capital and Labor),

Case: Innodata Philippine, Inc. v. Quejada-Lopez, G.R. No. 162839 Oct. 12, 2006

4. Collective Bargaining
New Civil Code Arts. 1305-06
Case: DOLE Phils., v. Pawisang Makabayang Obrero , 395 SCRA 112 (2003)

16. Company Rules

case: Suico v. NLRC , 513 SCRA 375 (2007)
China Banking Corporation v. Borromeo, 440 SCRA 621 (2004)

17. Past Practices

0 Cases: Arco Metal Products Co. v. Samahan, 554 SCRA 111 (2008)
0 Mcleod v. NLRC, 512 SCRA 222 (2007)

0 8. International Instruments and ILO Recommendations

a.) International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Art. 22

b.) International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Arts., 69
c.) International Covention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination
Against Women,Art. 11
d.) International Labor Organization Conventions
case: International School Alliance of Educators v. Quisumbing, 333 SCRA 13
(2000)

Labor Standards
1. Definition of Labor Standards
2. Construction in Favor of Labor Art. 4
Cases:
Dealco Farms, Inc., v. NLRC, G.R. No. 153192 (Jan. 30, 2009)
Penaflor v. Outdoor Clothing Manufacturing Corp., et.al, G.R. No. 177114 (Jan.
21, 2010)
Dansart Security Force vs Bagoy, GR No. 168495, July 2, 2010

3. Technical Rules Not Binding/Liberality in Application of Rules - Art 221

Cases:
Huntington Steel Products, Inc. v. NLRC, G.R. No. 158311 (Nov. 17, 2004)
Industrial Timber Corporation v. Ababon, 480 SCRA 171 (2006)

2
 5. Rule Making Power/Limitations Art. 5
Case: Kapisanan ng mga Manggagawang Pinagyakap v. NLRC, 152 SCRA 6
(1987)

15. Applicability of the Labor Code, Art. 6, 276, Constitution, Art IX-B, Sec. 2 (1)
Case: PNOC energy Development Corp. v. NLRC, 201 SCRA 487

16. Enforcement and Sanctions Arts 217 (a) (2), (3), (4), (6); 128-129; 288-292;
Constitution Art. III, Secs. 11 and 16
Case: Cirineo Bowling Plaza, Inc. v. Sensing, 448 SCRA 175 (2005)

III. Working Relationship

Employer-Employee (ER-EE) Relationship
1. Definition of Employer-Employee Relationship Arts. 97 (a) (b) (c); 167 (f),
(g), (h) 212 (e) (f)

2. Tests of Employer- Employee Relationships - 4 Folds Test

Cases:
Sycip, Gorres, Velayo & Co. v. De Raedt, G.R. No. 161366 (June 16, 2009)
Dealco Farms, Inc., v. NLRC, G.R. No. 153192 (Jan. 30, 2009)
Television & Production Exponents, Inc. RC Servana, G.R. NO. 167648 ,Jan. 28,
2008
Orozco v. Fifth Division, CA, 562 SCRA 36 (Aug. 2008)

Right to Hire
1. Management Prerogative
Cases:
Julies Bakeshop vs Arnaiz GR No. 173882, Feb. 15, 2012
Industrial Timber Corporation v. Ababon, 480 SCRA 171 (2006)

2. Limitations on the Right to Hire Prior to Hiring

a.) Art. 133 (previously 135), 134 (136), Art. 137 (139), 248(b),
Hazardous / Non-Hazardous undertakings
b.) RA 7610, as amended by RA 7658 and RA 9231
c.) RA 7877 (Sexual Harassment Law)
d.) RA 8504 (Aids Prevention and Control Law)
e.) RA 9208 (Anti-Trafficking in Persons)
f.) RA 7277 (Magna Carta for Disabled Persons)
g.) Yellow Dog contract
h.) Art. 136 (a)
i.) Art. 130
j.) D.O. 65-04 series of 2004
k.) D.O.04 series of 1999

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 IV. Conditions of Work
Reference: Arts 82-90; Omnibus Rules Book III, Rules 1, 1-A, II
1
2Hours of Work

11. Regulation/Rational
2Case: Manila Terminal Co. Inc. Vs. CIR, 91 Phil 625 (1952)

12. Coverage/Exemptions Art. 82, 276; rules 1, Secs 1-4

1a. Government Employees Constitution Art IX-B, Sec 2 (1); Omnibus Rules, book III,
Rule 1, Sec 2 (a)
2b. Managerial Employees Art 82; Omnibus Rules Book III, Rule 1 Sec. 2 (b) (c)
3Cases:
4Asia Pacific Christening, Inc. vs. Farolan, 393 SCRA 454 (2002)
5Charlito Penaranda vs. Baganga Plywood Corp., 489 SCRA 94 (2006)

13. Field Personnel Art. 82; Omnibus Rules Book III, Rule I, Sec. 2 (f)
2Cases:
3Mercidar Fishing Corp. vs. NLRC, 297 SCRA 440 (1998)
4Auto Bus Transport Systems, Inc. vs. Bautista, 458 SCRA 578 (2005)
54. Dependent Family Members Art. 82

15. Domestic Helpers Arts 82, . 141, 145; Omnibus rules, Book III, Rule I, Sec. 2 (d)
2 -- Read the Batas Kasambahay
36. Persons in the Personal Service of Another Art. 82, Omnibus Rules Book III, Rule
1, Sec. 2 (d)
47. Piece Workers Art. 82; Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule 1, Sec. 2 (e)
Case: Labor Congress vs. NLRC, 290 SCRA 509 (1998)

18. Normal Hours of Work Art. 83

29. Compensable Hours of Work Art. 83

1a. On Duty Art. 84 (a), Book III, Rule I, Sec. 3 (a), Sec. 4 (a)
2b. At Work Art. 84 (a); Book III, Rule I, Sec. 3 (b)

110. Specific Rules

1a. Rest Period

11) Short Duration or Coffee Break Art. 84 2nd parag.; Book III, Rule I, Sec.
7 2nd parag.
22) More than 20 mins. Book III, Rule I Sec. 4 (b)

1b. Meal Period

4
11) Regular Meal Period (One Hour) Art. 85; Book III, Rule I, Sec. 7 1st parag.
2Case: Philippine Airlines, Inc. vs. NLRC, 302 SCRA 582 (1999)
32) Shorter Meal Period (Less than One Hours, but Not Less than 20 Minutes) Book
III, Rule I, Sec. 7 1st parag.

1c. Waiting Time Book III, rule I, Sec. 5 (a)

2Case: Arica vs. NLRC, 170 SCRA 776 (1989)

1d. On Call Book III, Rule I, Sec. 5 (b)

2e. Inactive Due to Work Interruptions Book III, Rule I, Sec. 4 (d)
3Case: University of Pangasinan Faculty Union vs. University of Pangasinan, 127 SCRA
691 (Feb. 20, 1984)

1f. Necessary Work After Normal Hours Book III, Rule I, Sec. 4 (c)
2g. Lectures, Meetings, Training Programs, - Book III, Rule I, Sec. 6
3h. Travel Time
4Case: Rada vs. NLRC, 205 SCRA 69 (1992)

111. Overtime Work/Pay Art. 87-90; Book III, Rule I, Sec. 8-11

1a. Overtime in Ordinary Working Day Art. 87; Book III, Rule I, Sec. 8
2b. Emergency or Compulsory Overtime Work Art. 89

1Case: R.B. Michael Press vs. Nicasio Galit, G.R. No. 153510 (Feb 13, 2008)
2c. Undertime Work/Leave Art. 88
3d. Additional Compensation Art. 87
4e. Proof of Work/WEmployer Obligation
5Case: Social Security System vs. Court of Appeals, 348 SCRA 1 (2000)
6f. Night Work Art. 86, Book III, Rule II, Secs 1-6; ILO Convention 89 (1948)
7 RA 10151, An Act Allowing the Employment of Night Workers
81) Coverage/Exclusion Book III, Rule II Sec. 1
92) Additional Compensation Art. 86, Book III, Rule II, Secs. 2-5
10Cases:
11Shell Company vs. National Labor Union, 81 Phil 315 (1948)
12Lepanto Consolidated Mining Co. vs. Lepanto Local Staff Union, 562 SCRA 495
(Aug. 2008)

1Weekly Rest Periods

Reference: Art. 991-93: Omnibus Rules,Book III,Rule III, Secs. 1-9
1Case: Caltex Regular employees, etc. vs. altex (Phils.) Inc., 247 SCRA 398 (1995)

11. Coverage/Exclusions Arts. 82, 91; Book III, Rule III, Sec. 1

12. Right to Weekly Rest Periods Art. 91 (a); Book III,Rule III, Sec. 3
23. Determination/Preference of Employee Art. 91 (b); Book III, Rule III, Secs. 4, 5

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34. Compulsory Work on Rest Day Art. 92; Book III, Rule III, Sec. 6
45. Premium Pay Art. 93 (a) (b) (c); Book III, Rule III, Sec. 7
56. Work on a Sunday or Holiday which is also a Scheduled Rest Day Art. 93 (a) (b);
Book III,Rule III, sec. 7 (a) (b)
67. CBA on Hiheer Premium Pay Art. 93 (d); Book III, Rule III, Secs. 7 (e), 9

1Holidays
Reference: Art. 94; Executive Order 203 (1987); Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule
IV; P.D. 1083 Code of Muslim Personal Laws (Feb. 4, 1977); R.A. 9492
11. Definition

0 a. Retail Establishments, Rules Implementing RA 6727, parag. f

1 b. Service Establishments, rules Implementing RA 6727 parag. G

12. Coverage/Exclusions Art. 94 (a); Book III, Rule IV, Sec. 1

2Case: Mantrade/FMMC Division Employees and Workers Union vs. Bacungan, 144
SCRA 510 (1986)

13. Holiday Pay Art. 94 (b)

1a. Faculty in Private Schools Book III, Rule IV, Sec. 8 (a)
2Case: Jose Rizal College vs. NLRC, 156 SCRA 27 (1987)
3b. Divisor as Factor
4Case: Trans-Asia Phil. Employees Association vs. NLRC, 320 SCRA 347 (1999)
5c. Sunday Art. 93 (a) (b), 2nd Sentence; book III, Rule III, Sec. 2
6Case: Wellington Investment Inc. vs. Trajano, 245 SCRA 561 (1995)
7d. Muslim Holiday Art. Art. 169-172; PD 1083: RA 9492
8Case: San Miguel Corp. vs. Court of Appeals, 357 SCRA 311 (2002)

14. Absences Book III, rule IV, Sec. 6 (a), 10

15. Non-Working Day/Scheduled Rest Day Book III, Rule IV Sec. 6 (c)

1Service Incentive Leave

Reference: Art. 95; Omnibus Rules Book III, Rule V

11. Coverage Arts. 95 (a) (b); Book III, Rule V, Sec. 1
2Cases:
3 Makati Haberdashery Inc. vs. NLRC, 179 SCRA 449 (1989)
4 Labor Congress vs. NLRC , 290 SCRA 509 (1998)

12. Requirements Art. 95 (a); Book III, Rule V. Secs. 2, 3

2a. meaning of at least one year of service Book III, Rule V, Sec. 3
3b. Treatment of Benefits Book III, rule V, Sec. 5

6
13. Computation and Liability
2Cases:
3 Sentinel Security Agency, Inc. vs. NLRC 295 SCRA 123 (1998)
4Auto Bus Transport Sytems, Inc.. vs. Bautista, 458 SCRA 578 (2005)

1Vacation Leave / Sick Leave

1Case: PNCC Skyway Traffic Management & Security Division workers Organization
(PSTMSDWO) vs. PNCC Skyway Corp., G.R. No. 171231 (Feb. 17, 2010)

1Paternity Leave
0 Reference: R.A. No. 8187 Paternity Leave Act of 1996, Secs. 1-6;
Implementing Rules

11. Coverage R.A. 8187, Sec. 2; Impl. Rules, Sec. 2

22. Conditions R.A. 8187, Sec. 2; Impl. Rules, Secs. 2,3,4
33. When to avail of Benefits Implementing Rules, Sec. 5
44. Treatment of Benefits Impl. Rules, Sec. 7
55. Penalty Provisions R.A. 8187, Sec. 5; Impl. Rules, Sec. 10

1Parental Leave R.A. 8972 Solo Parents Welfare Act of 2000

11. Coverage RA 8972, Sec. 3 (a)

22. Criteria RA 8972, Secs. 4, 8; Impl. Rules, Art. IV, Sec. 7
33. Qualifications of Solo Parent RA 8972, Sec. 8; Impl. Rules, Art. IV, Sec. 8
44. Employment-related rights and benefits RA 8972, Sec. 3 (d) (e)
2a. Flexible working Schedule RA 8972, Sec. 6; Impl. Rules, Art. V, Sec. 17
3b. Work discrimination - RA 8972, Sec. 7, Impl. Rules, Art. V, Sec. 8
4c. Leave RA 8972, Sec. 8
5d. Treatment of Benefits/Non-cumulative Impl. Rules, Art. V,Sec. 19, 2nd sentence

1Victimss Leave RA 9262 An Act Defining Violence Against Women and their
Children (VAWC), Sec. 43; Implementing Rules, Rule VI, Sec. 42)

11. Definition/Coverage RA 9262, Sec. 3

22. Entitlement to leave RA 9262, Sec. 43; Implementing Rules, VI, Sec. 42

1Special Leave Benefits for Women RA 9710 Magna Carta of Women

Covered Employees RA 9710, Sec. 18

Gynecological Leave DOLE DO 112-A, Series of 2012

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1Service Charges

Reference: Art. 96; Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule VI

11. Covered Employees Art. 96
22. Sharing Art. 96

Case: Phi. Hoteliers, Inc. vs. NUWHRAIN-APL-IUF, G.R. No. 181972 (August 25,
2009)

1
2
3
4Non-diminution of Benefits Art. 100

Case: Metropolitan Bank and Trust Co. vs. NLRC & Patag, G.R. No. 152928 (June 18,
2009)

0 VII. Minimum Wages and Wage Fixing Machinery

Reference: Art. 97-119; Omnibus rules, Book III, rules VII-VIII

1Minimum Wage/Right to Art. 99; Constitution, Art. XIII, Sec. 3, pars. 2-4
21. Definition Art. 97 (f)
2Case: Chavez vs. NLRC, 448 SCRA 478 (2005)

12. Coverage Arts. 97 (b) (c) (e), 98; Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule VII, Sec. 3
2Case: Philippine Fisheries Development Authority vs. NLRC, 213 SCRA 621 (1992)
3
13. General Principles
4a. No work, No pay (A fair days wage for fair days labor)
5Cases: Sugue vs. Triumph International (Phils.), G.R. Nos. 164804, 164784 (January 30,
2009)
6Aklan Electric Corp., Inc. vs. NLRC, 323 SCRA 258 (2000)

1b. Equal Pay for Work of Equal Value ILO Convention 100 (1951)
2c. International School Alliance of Educators vs. Quisumbing, R.R. No. 128845 (June
1, 2000)
3d. Form: Agreement for Compensation of Services Art. 97 (f)
4Case: Arms Taxi vs. NLRC, 219 SCRA 306 (1993)
5e. Exemption from Income Tax RA 9504 (June 17, 2008), Amending Sec. 2 of the
National Internal Revenue Code of 1997

8
 14. Wages Book III, rule VII-A, Secs. 4-7; Wage order No. NCR-
15 (June 16, 2010)
2a. Determination of Compliance with Minimum Wage
3Case: Iran vs. NLRC, 289 SCRA 433 (1998)
4b. Facilities and Supplemental Allowances Book III, Rule VII, Secs. 4-
7
5Case: Millares vs. NLRC & PICOP, 305 SCRA 500 (1999)

1c. Cash Wage/Commission 97 (f); book III, Rule VII-A, Sec 4

Cases:
Songco vs. NLRC, 183 SCRA 610 (1990)
Boie Takeda vs. De la Serna, 228 SCRA 329 (1993)
Phil. Duplicators vs. NLRC, 241 SCRA 380 (1995)

1d. Gratuity and Salary/Wages, Differences

2Case: Plastic Town Center Corp. vs. NLRC, 172 SCRA 580 (1989)
3
4e. Effects on Benefits Art. 100
Case: Davao Fruits Corp. vs. Associated Labor Union, 225 SCRA 562 (1993)

Wage Fixing Machinery

Reference: ILO Convention 26 (1928); Wage Rationalization Act (RA 6727)

amending Art. 120-127; Art. 120-127; Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule IX; Wage
Orders

1.Rationale for Wage Rationalization RA 6727, Sec. 2

2. Agencies in Wage Fixing Machinery
1a. National Wages and Productivity Commission RA 6727, Sec. 3; Arts. 120, 121, 126
2b. Regional Tripartite Wages and Productivity Board RA. 6727, Sec. 3; Arts 122, 126
3Case: Nasipit Lumber Co., Inc. vs. NLRC, 289 SCRA 667 (1998)

3.Standards and Criteria for Wage Fixing RA 6727, Sec, 3; Art 124
4.Wage Order RA 6721, Sec. 3; Arts. 123, 124; Wage Oder No. NCR-15
1a. Methods of Wage Fixing
21) Floor Wage Method
32) Salary-Ceiling Method
4Case: Employers Confederation of the Phils vs. National Wages and Productivity
Commission, 201 SCRA 759 (1991)

1b. Validity
2Case: Cagayan Sugar Milling Co. vs. Secretary of Labor and Employment, 284 SCRA
150 (1998)
3c. Wage Distortion RA 6727, Sec. 3; Art. 124
4Cases:

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5 Prubankers Association vs. Prudential Bank & Trust Co., 302 SCRA 74 (1999)
6 Bankard Employees Union-WATU vs. NLRC, 423 SCRA 148 (2004)
7d. Freedom to Bargain Art. 125; RA 6727, Sec. 2, 2nd Par.
8e. Penalty for violation RA 6727, Sec. 12; RA 8188, June 11, 1996

5.Wage payment and Protection Art. 102-105; Civil Code, Art. 1705; ILO
Convention 95 (1949)
1a. Form of Payment Art. 102; Civil Code, Art. 1705; Book III, Rule VIII, Secs.
1, 2
2Case: Congson vs. NLRC, 243 SCRA 260 (1995)
3b. Time of Payment Art. 103, Sec. 3
4c. Place of Payment Art. 104, Sec. 4 (See: Labor Advisory on Payment of
Salaries thru ATM (Nov. 25, 1996)
5d. Direct Payment of Wages Art. 105, Secs. 5,6
6Case: Bermiso vs. Escano, Inc., 105 Phil. 231 (1959)

6. Wage Prohibitions ILO Convention 95 (1949)

1a. Interference in Disposal of Wages Art. 112; Book III, Rule VIII, Sec. 9
2b. Wage Deductions Art. 113; book III, Rule VIII, Sec. 10
3Cases: Apodaca vs. NLRC, 172 SCRA 442 (1989)
0 Genesis Transport Service, Inc. vs. UMMGT & Taroy, G.R. No. 182114, April 5,
2010
4
5c. Requirement to make deposits for loss or damage Arts, 114, 115; Book III, Rule
VIII, Sec. 11
6Cases: Dentech Manufacturing Corp. vs. NLRC, 172 SCRA 588 (1989)
1 Five J Taxi vs. NLRC, 235 SCRA 556 (1994)
2d. Withholding of Wages Art. 116; Civil Code, Art. 1706
3e. Deduction to Ensure Employment Art. 117
4f. Retaliatory Measures Art. 118
5g. False Reporting Art. 119: Bool III, Rule X, Sec. 13
6h. Keeping of Employees Records in a Place other than the Workplace
7Case: South Motorists Enterprises vs. Tosoc, 181 SCRA 386 (1990)
8i. Garnishment/Execution Civil Code. Art. 1708
9Case: GAA vs. Court of Appeals, 140 SCRA 304 (1985)

7. Worker Preference in the Event of Bankruptcy Art. 110; Book III, Rule VIII,
Sec. 7; Civil Code, Arts 1207, 2241 (6), 2242 (3), 2244 (2), 2246, 2248, 2250
1Cases: Republic vs. Peralta, 150 SCRA 37 (1987)
2- Manila Banking Corp. vs. NLRC, 279 SCRA 602, 621-642 (1997)

18. Wage Recovery/Jurisdiction Art. 128, 129, 217, 111: Book III, Rule X, Secs. 1-5
0 Cases:
1 Cirineo Bowling Plaza vs. Gerry Sensing, 448 SCRA 175 (2005)
Balladares, et. al. vs. Peak Ventures, Inc., G.R. No. 161794, June 16, 2009

10
2 Meteoro, et.al. vs. Creative Creatures, Inc. G.R. No. 171275, July13, 2009.

VIII. 13th Month Pay

History of the Law
Case: Dentech Manufacturing Corp. vs. NLRC, 172 SCRA 588 (1989)

Coverage
Cases: Archilles Manufacturing Corp. vs. NLRC, 244 SCRA 750 (1995)
Ultra Villa Food Haus vs. Geniston, 309 SCRA 17 (1999)

Rationale PD 851,Whereas Clauses and Limitations

Amount and Date of Payment Revised Guidelines on the Implementation of the 13th
Month Pay Law

1Basic Wage/Commissions
2Cases:
0 Boie Takeda vs. De la Serna, 228 SCRA 329 (1993)
1 Iran vs. NLRC, 289 SCRA 433 (1998)
2 Honda Phils, Inc. vs. Samahan ng Malayang Manggagawa sa Honda, 460 SCRA
186 (2005)
3
4Substitute Payment
5Case: Framanlis Farms, Inc. vs. Minister of Labor. 171 SCRA 87 (1989)

14th Month Pay

1Case: Kamaya Port Hotel vs. NLRC, 177 SCRA 160 (1989)

Diminution
Case: Davao Fruits Corp. vs. Associated Labor Unions, 225 SCRA 562 (1993)

IX. Bonus
A. Nature
Case: Philippine Duplicators, Inc. vs. NLRC, 241 SCRA 380 (1995)
1B. Definition/When Demandable
2Cases: Lepanto Ceramics, Inc., vs. Lepanto Ceramics Employees Association, G.R. No.
180866, March 2, 2010
3Protacio vs. Laya Mananghaya & Co., G.R. No. 168654, March 25, 2009
4Phil. Appliance Corp. vs. Court of Appeals, 430 SCRA 525 (2004)

X. Working Conditions for Special Groups of Workers

Women

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References: Arts. 130-138; RA 10151, An Act Allowing the Employment of Night
Workers; Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule XII, Sec. 1; Constitution, Arts. II, Sec. 13 &
XIII, Sec. 14; Women in Development and Nation Building Act (RA 7192); Anti-Sexual
Harassment Act of 1995 (RA 7877); Anti-Violence Against Women and their children Act
of 2004 (RA 9262); Magna Carta of Women (RA 9710)
1
2A. Women under the Constitution Art II, sec. 14; Art. XIII, sec. 14
2Case: Philippine Association of Service Exporters vs. Drilon, 163 SCRA 386 (1988)
0 Phil. Telegraph and Telephone Co. vs. NLRC, 272 SCRA 596 (1997)
1
2B. Coverage Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule XII, Sec. 1
3
4C. Equal Treatment before the law RA 9710, Secs. 2 par. 1, 12
5
6D. Prohibited Acts
3a. Night Work/Exceptions Art.130-131; ILO Convention 89 (1948)
4b. Discrimination Art. 135; RA 9710, Sec. 2 para. 2; ILO Conventions 100 (1951)
and iii (1958); CEDAW Art. 11
5c. Stipulation Against Marriage Art. 136
6Case: Duncan Association of Detailman-PTGWO vs. Glaxo Wellcome, G.R.
162994, Sept. 17, 2004
7d. Discharge to prevent enjoyment of benefits Art. 137 (1)
8e. Discharge on Account of Pregnancy Art. 137 (2) (3)
9f. Discharge on Account of Testimony Book III, Rule XII, Sc. 13 (d)
10g. Expulsion of Women faculty due to pregnancy outside of marriage RA 9710,
Sec. 13 (c)

1E. Facilities Arts. 132, 134; Book III, Rule XII, Sec. 11
2F. Special Women Workers Art. 138
3G. Leaves and other Benefits
0 a. Maternity Leave Social Security Law of 1997 (RA 1161 as amended by RA
8282), Sec. 14-A, RA 8282
2b. Victim Leave RA 9262, Secs. 3, 43; Impl. Rules, Rule VI, Sec. 42; RA 9710, Secs.
(4 (k), 17 (8)
3c. Special Leave Benefits (for Gynecological Disorders) RA 9710, Sec. 18; Impl.
Rules, Rule II, Sec. 7 T, Rule IV, Sec. 21
1H. Sexual Harrassment Act of 1995 (RA 7877)
4Cases:
5Philip Aeolus Automotive United Corp. vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 124617, April 28, 2000
6Domingo vs. Rayala, 546 SCRA 90 (2008)

Minors

12
References: Arts. 139-140; Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule XII, Secs. 2-3; RA 7610 of
1992 as amended by RA 9231 (Special Protection of Children Act of 2003; Department
Circular No. 3, Series of 2009 (Procedure for Closure of Business under RA 9231)

1.Minors under the Constitution Art. II, Sec. 13

2.Coverage RA 9231, Sec. 2, par. 3 on Sec. 12; Omnibus Rules, Book III,Rule XII, Sec.
1
3. Employment of children Art. 139; RA 7610 as amended, Secs. 12-16; DOLE D.O.
No. 04, Series of 1999 Re: Hazardous work for persons below 18 years old
4. Hours of work RA 9231,Sec. 3 on Sec. 12-a
5. Prohibitions against the worst forms of child labor Sec. 3 on Sec. 12-d; Sec. 5 on
Sec. 14
6. Discrimination Art. 140
7. Jurisdiction Sec. 9 on Sec. 16-A
1
2C. Househelpers /Caregivers

References: RA 10361 Batas Kasambahay ; Arts. 141-152; Omnibus Rules, Book III,
Rule XIII
1A. Definition Rule XIII, Sec. 1 (b)
2B. Coverage Art. 141
3C. Non-Household Work Art. 145

1Cases: Apex Mining Co. vs. NLRC, 196 SCRA 251

1D. Conditions of Employment Art. 141-152; Civil Code, Arts. 1689-1699

2a. Compensation Art. 143, 144: Civil Code, Art. 168
3- Time and manner of payment Book III,Rule XIII, Sec. 9
4b. Hours of Work Civil Code, Art. 1695
5c. Vacation with pay Civil Code, Art. 1695

1d. Living Quarters, Food, Medical Attendance Art. 148; Civil Code Art. 1689
2e. Treatment Art. 147; Civil Code, Art. 1694
3f. Elementary Education Art. 146; Civil Code, Art. 1691
4g. Term of Contract Art. 142; Civil Code, Art. 1692
5h. Termination

1) Fixed Duration Art. 149; Civil Code, Srt. 1697

2) Not fixed Art. 150; Civil Code, Art. 1698
1i. Employment Certification Art. 151; Civil Code, Art. 1699
2j. Employment Records Art. 152
3k. Funeral Expenses Civil Code, Art. 1696; Book III, Rule XIII, Sec. 16
4l. Hazardous work for persons below 18 years old D.O. 4-99, Sec. 4

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1D. Homeworkers

1A. Coverage and Regulation Art. 153-155; Department Order No. 5, DOLE, Feb. 4,
1992, now book III, Rule XIV
2B. Definition Sec. 2, DO No. 5
3C. Registration - Secs. 4 & 6, DO No. 5
4D. Conditions of Employment/Deductions Secs. 6-9 DO No. 5
5E. Joint and Several Liability of employer/contractor Sec. 11, DO No. 5
6F. Prohibitions Sec. 13 DO No. 5
7G. Enforcement Sec. 10, DO No. 5

XI. Dental and Occupational Safety

Reference: Art. 156-165; Omnibus Rules, Book IV, Rule I, Secs. 1-1-; rules II, Secs. 1-10
A.Coverage book IV, Rule I, Sec. 1
B. First Aid Treatment Art. 156
C. Emergency Medical and Dental Services
11. When required Art. 157
2Case: Escasinas vs. Shangri-las Mactan Island Resort, G.R. No. 178827, Mar. 4,
2009
32. When not required Art. 158

D.Employer Assistance/Obligation Art. 161

1E. Occupational Safety and Health Standards, Training of Supervisors/Technicians
21) When Required Book IV,Rule II, Secs. 5 (a) (d)
32) When not Required Book IV, Rule II, Sec. 5 (e)

F. Enforcement/DOLE Obligations Art. 162-165

(Note: Arts. 166-208 were repealed by SSS Law of 1997; Re: 209, see NHI Law 166-
208; Book IV, Rule II, Sec. 8: See also Technical Guidelines for Hazardous/Non-
Hazardous establishment, DOLE Memo Circular No. 2, Series of 1998)

XII. Employee Classification

Reference: Arts. 278, 280, 281: Omnibus Rules, Book VI, Rule I, Secs. 1,5,6
1A. Coverage Art. 278
2B. Employee Classification Art. 280-281
31. Employer Recognition
4 Case: Romares vs. NLRC, 294 SCRA 411 (August 19, 1998)
2 2. Employer Determination/Designation
3 Case: Phil. Federation, etc. vs. NLRC, 300 SCRA 72 (December 11, 1998)
1C. Regular Employees Art. 280, 1st parag., Art. 280, 2nd parag.; Art. 281, last
sentence, 75 (d); Omnibus Rules, Book VI, Rule I, Secs. 5 (a), (b) and 6
4 1. Nature of Work
5 Cases: Poseidon Fishing vs. NLRC, 482 SCRA 717 (Feb. 20, 2006
6 Dante D. De la Cruz vs. Maersk Filipinas Crewing, Inc. G.R. No. 172038,
April 14, 2008

14
7 WPP Marketing Commission, Inc. et. al. vs. Galera, G.R. NO. Nos, 169207,
169239, March 25, 2010
82. Extended Period
9 Case: Tomas Lao Construction vs. NLRC, 278 SCRA 716 (1998)
103. Repeated Renewal of Contract
11 Case: Beta Electric Corp. vs. NLRC, 182 SCRA 384 (1990)

1D. Project Employees art. 280, 1st parag.; see also Policy Instructions No. 20 of 1977
and DO No. 19 of 1993
21. Definition
3 Case: Hanjin Heavy Industries & Construction Co. vs. Ibanez, 555 SCRA 537 (2008)
42. Project Employment
5 Cases:
Villa vs. NLRC, 284 SCRA 105 (1996)
6 William Uy Construction Corp. vs. Trinidad, G.R. No. 183250,March 10, 2010
73. Application of Rule in Non-Construction Industries
8 Case: Maraguinot vs. NLRC, 284 SCRA 539 (1998)

1E. Casual employees Art. 280 2nd parag.; Omnibus Rules,Book VI, Rule I,Sec. 5 (b)
21. Nature of Work
3 Case: Maranaw Hotels & Resort Corp. vs. CA, GR No. 149660, Jan 20, 2009
4
52. One Year Service
1 Cases: Tabas vs. California Manufacturing Co., Inc. 169 SCRA 497 (1989)
2 Mercado vs. NLRC, 201 SCRA 332 (1991)

1F. Fixed-Term Employees

2 Cases: Brent School vs. Zamora, 181 SCRA 702 (1990)
3 Mercado, et. al. vs. AMA Computer College-Paranaque City, Inc., G.R. No.
183572, April 14, 2010
4 LWV Construction Corp. vs. Dupo, G.R. No. 172342

G. Seasonal Employees
1 Case: Phil. Tobacco etc. vs. NLRC, 300 SCRA 37 (Dec. 10, 1998)

H. Probationary Employees Arts. 281, 61 2nd sentence; Omnibus Rules, book VI, Rule
I, Sec. 6; Art. 75 (d)
11. Definition/Purpose
2- (1) Cebu Marine Beach Resort vs. NLRC, 414 SCRA 173 (Oct. 23, 2003)
3- (2) Espina vs. Court of Appeals,G.R. No. 164582, March 28, 2007
42. Duration: Rule/Exception
5- (3) De La Cruz vs. NLRC, 418 SCRA 226 (Dec. 11, 2003)
6- (1) Cathay Pacific Airways, Ltd vs. Marin, G.R. No. 148931, Sept. 12, 2006
73. Extension of contract
8- (2) Phil. Federation etc. vs. NLRC 300 SCRA 72 (Dec. 11, 1998)

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14. Absorbed Employees
2 Cebu Stevedoring Co. Inc. vs. Regional Director, 168 SCRA 315 (1988)
35. Standards
4 (1) Davao Contractors Development Coop. (DACODECO) vs. Pasawa, G.R. No.
172174, July 9, 2009
56. Privates School Teachers-Rule
6 Cases:
7 La Sallete of Santiago, Inc. vs. NLRC, 195 SCRA 80 (1991)
Magis Young Achievers Learning Center vs. Manalo,G.R. No. 178835, Feb. 13,
2009

IX. RETIREMENT

References: Art, 287; RA No. 7641; Implementing Rule of RA 7641; Labor Advisory on
Retirement Pay (Oct. 1999); as amended by RA 8558 (Feb. 26, 1996) Reduced
Retirement Age of Underground Workers from 60 to 50
1Cases:
2Interncontinental Broadcasting Corp. vs. Amarilla et. al. G.R. No. 162775, Oct. 27, 2006
3Jaculbe vs. Silliman University, G.R. No. 156934, Mar. 16, 2007
4Reyes vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 160233 Aug. 8, 2007

1Retroactive Application of RA 7641

2Case: Universal Robina Sugar Milling Corp. vs. Caballeda, 560 SCRA 115 (July 2008)

1Components of one-half month pay/salary Guidelines 5.2

2Case: Enriquez Security Services, Inc. vs. Cabotaje, G.R. No. 1467993, July 21, 2006

1When RA 7641 is applicable

2Case: Ozales vs. Unilab, 559 SCRA 26 (July 2008)

1Three Kinds of Retirement Plans

2Cases:
3Gerlach vs. Reuters Ltd. Phils, 448 SCRA 535 (Jan. 17, 2005)
4Sta. Catalina vs. NLRC, 416 SCRA 233 (Nov. 19, 2003)
5PAL vs. Airline Pilots Association of the Phils., 373 SCRA 302 (Jan. 15, 2002)

1Voluntary Retirement
2Case: Ariola vs. Philex Mining Corp., 466 SCRA 152 (Aug. 9, 2005)

1Forfeiture of Benefits
2Cases:
3Equitable PCI Bank vs. Caguia, 466 SCRA 686 (Aug. 2005)
4Sy vs. Metropolitan Bank and Trust Co., G.R. No. 160618, Nov. 2, 2006
1

16
2Equitable Solution
5Case: PLDT vs. Reus, 557 SCRA 379 (July 2008)

1Retirement Pay Differential

2Case: Rivera vs. Unilab, G.R. No. 155639, April 22, 2009

1Management Prerogative
2Case: Magdadaro vs. PNB, G.R. No. 166198, July 17, 2009

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