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AND AC ANALYSIS
Lecture 3 - 4: BJT AC
Biasing
Step of AC Analysis for BJT Transistor
STEP 1: DC Biasing
STEP 2: AC Biasing
= Input Impedance
= Output Impedance
= Input current
= Output current
= Input voltage
= Output voltage
NPN Transistors Configurations
VCC VCC
Rc
RB
C1 C2
CE
RB2 Re
Transistor small-signal ac
equivalent circuit
Ii C Io Vo
B Rc
Vi Zi Zo
RS R1//R2 E
Vs
NPN transistor - re transistor model / AC Equivalent Circuit
In NPN configuration one diode at collector and one diode at emitter. When VBE
is conduct, high current flow from potential voltage at the collector. At this point
diode at the collector not behave like a normal diode but as current source.
During AC analysis, emitter diode has already conducted so the voltage source
VBE can be neglected.
NPN transistor - re transistor model / AC Equivalent Circuit
During AC analysis, the condition is VB > VBE and the diode VBE of the
transistor in conduct state or active state. So the diode in forward-bias , thus
VBE can be eliminated.
c
Ib
Ib
b
re Ie
e e
This model is still difficult for the analysis. By separating re into emitter/collector
region and base region, the improved model is shown below ;
Ic
c
Ib Ib
b
re re
e e
NPN transistor - re transistor model / AC equivalent circuit
Transfer any resistance from emitter region to the base region, must multiply by
. Transfer any resistance from the base region to emitter region, must multiply
by 1/ . Between base region and emitter region can be separated by virtual
ground (VG). Physically there are connection between them but electrically they
act like a ground or not connected.
Ic
c
Ib Ib
b
re re
e e
re transistor model
x
1
x
NPN transistor - re transistor model / AC Equivalent Circuit
The re transistor model will replace NPN transistor to be an AC Equivalent circuit
Ic
c
Ib Ib
b
re re
e e
Common-emitter fixed-bias configuration.
BJT AC biasing Condition : 1) VDC grounded and Capacitor short circuit
VCC
C V0
RC Io Ii
RB B ID
C2
Ii Vi RC
C
C1 B
V0 Zo
Vi
Zi E
Zo RB
Zi
E
Common-emitter fixed-bias AC equivalent circuit.
BJT AC biasing : 1) VDC grounded and Capacitor short circuit
= || = =
=
= 26
= =
=
Demonstrating the 180 phase shift between input and
output waveforms
VCC V0
Vi RC
RB
V0
0
t
Vi
=
Voltage-divider bias configuration
Voltage-divider bias AC equivalent circuit
= || ||
= = =
=
26
= = =
CE emitter-bias configuration
VCC
RB RC Io
C2
Ii
C1 Vo
Vi Zo
Zi
RE
Unbypassed CE emitter-bias AC equivalent circuit
VCC
RB RC Io
C2
Ii
C1 Vo
Vi Zo
Zi
RE
= || ( + )
= = =
( + )
=
26
= =
= ( + ) +
Common-Collector (Emitter-follower) configuration
Common Collector / Emitter-follower AC equivalent circuit
= || ( + )
= || = =
( + )
=
= 26
= ( + ) + =
Common-base configuration
Common-base AC equivalent circuit
= ||
= = =
=
=
=
Collector feedback configuration
Collector feedback AC equivalent circuit
=
=
1 =
+
= || =
Collector feedback configuration with an emitter resistor RE
Collector feedback with RE AC equivalent circuit
RF
VO
I` Ib
Ii
Vi Ib Zo
re
Zi re
Vi VO RC
R E RE
=
1 + = || =
+ +
Collector dc feedback configuration
re equivalent circuit
= || = ||
=
= || = ( || )
Effect of RS and RL
|| ||
= = =
= || + ||
= =
+
||
= =
= =
+ ( + )