Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Copyright
Copyright 1998 by Branson Ultrasonics Corporation, Danbury, Con-
necticut, U.S.A.
All rights reserved.
NOTICE
Sonifier is a registered trademark of Branson Ultrasonics Corporation,
Danbury, Connecticut, U.S.A.
Table of Contents
Chapter 2: Introduction
2.1 Main Components - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2-2
2.2 Principle of Operation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2-2
2.3 250/450 Sonifier Power Supply Front Panel - - - - - - - - - 2-4
2.4 Model 250/450 Sonifier Power Supply Rear Panel - - - - - - 2-6
100-413-016 Rev. C i
Chapter 5: Technical Specifications
5.1 Specifications - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5-2
5.1.1 Electrical Specifications - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5-2
5.1.2 Mechanical Specifications - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5-3
5.1.3 Dimensions - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5-4
Chapter 6: Operation
6.1 General Operation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6-2
6.1.1 Timed Operation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6-2
6.1.2 Continuous Operation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6-2
6.1.3 Pulsed Operation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6-2
6.2 Operating Considerations - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6-3
6.2.1 Limiting Temperature Rise - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6-3
6.2.2 Vessel Capacity and Speed of Temperature Rise - - - - - 6-5
6.2.3 Minimizing Undesirable Factors - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6-5
6.2.4 Sterilizing and Preventing Cross-Contamination - - - - - 6-6
6.2.5 Disrupting Tissues and Solids - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6-6
6.2.6 Using Glass Powders with Solution - - - - - - - - - - - 6-7
6.3 Horn and Micro Tip Amplitudes- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6-8
Chapter 7: Maintenance
7.1 General Information - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7-2
7.2 Maintenance and Troubleshooting - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7-2
7.2.1 Tip Erosion - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7-2
7.2.2 Power Output Loss - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7-2
7.3 Preventive Maintenance - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7-3
7.4 Reconditioning the Stack Interface - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7-3
7.4.1 Refacing the Mating Surfaces - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7-4
7.4.2 Stud Replacement - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7-6
7.4.3 Horn Tip Cleaning - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7-7
7.4.4 System Trouble Analysis Chart - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7-7
ii 100-413-016 Rev. C
250 - 450 Sonifier
Users Manual
Appendix A: Applications
Appendix C: Accessories
C.1 Micro Tip - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - C-1
C.2 Cup Horn - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - C-2
C.3 Flow-thru Horn - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - C-3
C.4 Rosette Cell - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - C-3
C.5 Continuous-Flow Attachment - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - C-4
C.6 Soundproof Box - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - C-4
List of Figures
fig. 2.1 Model 250/450 Sonifier Main Components2-2
fig. 2.2 Power Supply Front Panel2-4
fig. 2.3 Power Supply Rear Panel2-6
fig. 4.1 Converter/Horn Assembly in sound-proof enclosure.4-3
fig. 4.2 Methods for Connecting/Removing Horn from Converter4-5
fig. 4.3 Connecting or Removing Tip from Horn4-6
fig. 5.1 250/450 Sonifier Side View Dimensions5-4
fig. 5.2 250/450 Sonifier Front View Dimensions5-4
fig. C.1 Soundproof BoxC-4
100-413-016 Rev. C v
vi 100-413-016 Rev. C
250 - 450 Sonifier
Users Manual
List of Tables
tab. 2.1 Front Panel Device and Function - - - - - - - - - - - - 2-4
tab. 6.1 Temperature Rise Variations - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6-5
tab. 6.2 Horn Amplitudes - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6-8
tab. 7.1 Symptom/Probable Cause - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7-7
tab. B.1 Replacement Parts - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - B-1
tab. D.1 Accessories Parts List - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - D-1
! CAUTION
Observe the following safety considerations when operating the Analog
Sonifier1.
! CAUTION
If the Sonifier is used in a manner not specified by Branson, the protec-
tion provided by the equipment may be impaired.
The following meaning applies to signal words found throughout this manual:
! WARNING
WARNING indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could
result in death or serious injury.
! CAUTION
CAUTION indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could
result in minor o moderate injury.
NOTICE
Notice is used to address recommended practices not related to per-
sonal injury.
! CAUTION
If the Sonifier is used in a manner not specified by Branson, the protec-
tion provided by the equipment may be impaired
1.5 Warranty
Refer to the Terms and Conditions of Sale found on the back of your Invoice for
information about the product Warranty issued of your Branson products. If you
have any questions, please contact your Branson representative. The product war-
ranty information is summarized below.
Warranty
When used in accordance with written instructions and under normal operating
conditions, Branson Ultrasonics Corp. equipment is guaranteed to be free of
defects in MATERIAL and WORKMANSHIP for two (2) years from the date of
original delivery by BRANSON or by an authorized representative. Any unit
which proves defective during the stated period will be repaired free of charge or
replaced at the sole discretion of Branson Ultrasonics Corp., F.O.B. Laredo Texas,
or an authorized repair station as advised by BRANSON, provided the defective
unit is returned properly packed with all transportation charges prepaid. A limited
warranty as specified may apply to certain components of the equipment.
Warranty Exceptions
This warranty shall not apply to equipment subjected to misuse, improper instal-
lation, alteration, neglect, accident, or improper repair.
Horns and tips fabricated by Branson for use in equipment described in this man-
ual are manufactured to exacting parameters. Using altered or modified horns and
tips or horn and tips otherwise unqualified by Branson can produce undue stresses
that may damage the equipment. Equipment failures resulting from using unqual-
ified horns and tips are not covered by the Branson warranty.
Microtips are designed to give maximum mechanical energy output. Since they
operate close to the stress limits of titanium, Branson cannot guarantee Microtips
against failure.
NOTICE
To return equipment to Branson, you must first obtain an RGA number
from Branson, or the shipment may be delayed or refused.
Provide as much information as possible that will help identify the need
for repair. Include a copy of page 1-8 with your information filled in.
Carefully pack the equipment in original packing cartons.
Clearly label all shipping cartons with the RGA number on the outside of
cartons as well as on your packing slip, along with the reason for return.
Return general repairs by any convenient method. Send priority repairs
by air freight.
You must prepay the transportation charges FOB Laredo, Texas, U.S.A.
Before sending equipment for repair, provide as much information with the equip-
ment to help determine the problem with the system. Fill in any details below or on
a separate sheet.
1. Describe the problem; provide as much detail as possible. For exam-
ple, is this a new problem? Is the problem intermittent? How often
does it occur? How long before it occurs if you are just powering up?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
2. What are the setup parameters?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
3. What is your application (e.g., continuous, pulse, temperature, etc.)?
_________________________________________________________________
4. Name and phone number of the person most familiar with the problem:
_________________________________________________________________
5. Notify Branson prior to shipping the equipment.
NOTICE
To return equipment to Branson, you must first obtain an RGA number
from Branson, or the shipment may be delayed or refused.
1 - 10 100-413-016 Rev. C
250 - 450 Sonifier Chapter 2: Introduction
Users Manual
Chapter 2: Introduction
The output meter on all Analog Sonifiers now reports Watts. It is no longer
necessary to use the tables in the manual to determine output watts based on
meter reading vs. output control setting.
Timer 0 Timer 0
Hold 2 Hold 2
1 14
6
4 0
Output
20 40 60 80
100
4 1 14
6
4 0
Output
20 40 60 80
100
4
12 12
10 8 10 8
2 90
80 50
40
2 90
80 50
40
advanced
70 60 70 60
3 Off
9
8
4 5 3 Off
9
8
4 5
5 5
7 7
Micro Tip Limit Micro Tip Limit
a) b)
Both illustrations represent a Sonifier Power Supply Front Panel with the
exception that the image shown as b) is intended for use in Japan.
Table 2.1 Front Panel Device and Function
Item Function
1) Timer Times the application of ultrasonic energy, 0 to
15 minutes, or to HOLD. Use HOLD in either the
PULSED or CONTINUOUS Modes, if you
require an undetermined exposure time, and
ultrasonic energy will be on indefinitely. Set the
timer anywhere from 0 to 15 minutes to either
PULSED or CONTINUOUS Modes, and ultra-
sonic energy will switch off at the end of the pre-
determined period.
2) Duty Cycle dial In the PULSED Mode, the ultrasonics are pulsed
at a fixed repetition rate of one pulse per second.
The Duty Cycle control varies the duration of the
ultrasonic pulse. For example, if you choose a
10% setting, ultrasonics will be on for 10% of
every second, if you choose a 90% setting, ultra-
sonics will be on for 90% of every second.
NOTICE
When using micro tips, maximum output control setting is 6.
1 2 3
NOTICE
In case of damage, do not discard packing material until shipping com-
pany has inspected for cause of damage.
! WARNING
To prevent the possibility of electrical shock, always plug the Sonifier unit
into a grounded power source.Setup Procedure
NOTICE
To remove a horn, use the spanner wrenches supplied. See Section 4.5
Connecting and Removing Tips, Horns, and Converters
! WARNING
Do not apply grease to the threaded stud.
A standard flat tip, recommended for processing liquids, is supplied with tapped
horns. Other tip configurations are available for experimental work on applica-
tions where the ultrasonics vibrations are transmitted directly into a solid work-
piece. The shape of the horn influences the direction in which the ultrasonic
vibrations are delivered from the horn. You will find a list of available tips in
Appendix D, Accessories.
Attach tips to horns as follows:
1. Clean contacting surfaces of horn and tip, and remove any foreign
matter from the threaded stud.
! WARNING
The tip must be installed clean and dry, or the power supply may not tune
and operate correctly.
! WARNING
The Ultrasonic Horn can cause injury and/or equipment damage during
operation. To avoid injury or accident, never touch the Ultrasonic Horn
while the System is turned on, and do not allow the Horn to come in con-
tact with solid vessels or supports.
5.1 Specifications
5.1.1 Electrical Specifications
Table 5.1 Electrical specifications
5.1.3 Dimensions
1.75
11.19
16.83
18.96
Timer 0
Hold 2
40 60 80
14 4 20
0 100
12 6 Output
10 8
Duty Cycle 10
20
%
Constant 30
90 40 9.625
80 50
70 60
9
4
Off 8
5
7
Micro Tip Limit
Chapter 6: Operation
! CAUTION
When using micro tips, do not advance the output control beyond 6, or
permanent damage to the micro tips can result. Do not allow micro tips
to touch anything other than the solution. The stress of touching any
container can cause fracture of the tip or container.
NOTICE
Prior to processing an unknown sample, estimate variables such as pro-
cessing time, output control setting, starting temperature, and maximum
permissible temperature of sample.
NOTICE
Remember that the temperature of a liquid will rise from the effect of
ultrasonically induced cavitation.
NOTICE
First, process a small sample of the specimen using your estimated con-
trol variables. When unsure, initial test should be conducted with short
time and low amplitude setting.
NOTICE
Examine the results against your objective. Several trial runs may be
necessary. Based on results obtained, adjust the variables until you
obtain satisfactory results, experimenting with one variable at a time.
Based on heat transfer characteristics, the following vessel materials are recom-
mended, listed in decreasing order of heat conductivity:
Best Aluminum
Stainless Steel
Thin-wall Glass
Thick-wall Glass
Poorest Plastic
Immersing the processing vessel in a simple ice-water bath (0 C) provides suffi-
cient cooling for larger volumes, if required treatment times are short. If temper-
ature rise is too great with this method, consider using the following:
Ice-salt (-6 C) - Ice-alcohol (-14 C)
Dry-ice alcohol-water (-30 to -40 C)
For smaller volumes with less than 30 seconds treatment time, an ice-water bath
is sufficient. For longer periods, especially when high power is required, a lower
temperature bath is required.
You can effectively treat all but the most difficult of materials by the following
two steps:
1. Homogenize the tissues or solids by placing them in a high-speed
blender with the solution.
2. Insert the horn in the liquid sample for complete disruption.
To disrupt solid pieces, especially those that are extremely resistant to breakage,
place the horn directly over the tissue or right against it.
Output Control
Part No. Description
Setting
1 5 10 max
101-147-037 1/2 Dia. Tapped Stepped Disruptor 21.0* 76.0* 145.0*
.0008" .003" .0057"
101-147-042 1/2" Dia. Solid Catenoidal 21.0* 74.0* 145.0*
.0008" .0029" .0051"
101-147-041 1/2" Dia. Solid Exponential 10.0* 34.0* 65.0*
.0004" .0013" .0025"
101-147-039 3/8" Dia. Solid Stepped Disruptor 36.0* 125.0* 240.0*
.0014" .0049" .0094"
100-147-043 3/4" Dia. Solid Stepped Disruptor 9.5* 33.0* 63.0*
.0004" .0013" .0025"
101-147-035 3/4" Dia. Solid High Grain 19.0* 68.5* 130.0*
.007" .0027" .0051"
101-147-044 1.0" Dia. Solid Stepped 6.3* 21.5* 40.5*
.0002" .0008 .0016
Chapter 7: Maintenance
Place the horn in a container of alcohol and turn the power on for a few seconds
to clean the interior threads. Remove the horn from the alcohol. Operate the horn
in air for a few seconds to dry the tip and threads, which must be thoroughly dry
and clean prior to reassembly
Using a spanner wrench on the horn and an open-end wrench on the tip, install the
tip tightly using the following torque specifications:
1/4 - 20 -- tighten at 90 inch-lbs./10.16 Newton-meters.
1/4 - 28 -- tighten at 110 inch-lbs./12.42 Newton-meters.
3/8 - 24 -- tighten at 180 inch-lbs./20.33 Newton-meters.
The 250/450 Sonifier does not require retuning.
NOTICE
Never clean the Converter or Horn mating surfaces with a buffing wheel.
1. Disassemble the Converter / Horn Stack and wipe the mating sur-
faces with a clean cloth or paper towel.
2. Examine all mating surfaces. If any mating surface shows corro-
sion or a hard, dark deposit, recondition it.
3. Examine the knurled end of the stud. If worn, replace the stud.
NOTICE
Threaded studs cannot be reused in titanium horns. If you remove the
stud from the horn, you must replace it with a new stud.
4. Tape a clean sheet of #400 (or finer) grit emery cloth to a clean,
smooth, flat surface (such as a sheet of plate glass).
#400 Emery
Cloth
Tape
NOTICE
Be careful to avoid tilting the part and losing flatness of the surface.
Doing so may make the system inoperative, due to improper mating sur-
faces.
Lapping Procedure
5. Holding the part to recondition, place the interface surface on the
emery cloth. Grasp the part at the lower end, with your thumb over
the spanner-wrench hole, and lap the part in a straight line across
the emery cloth.
NOTICE
Do not apply downward pressure. The weight of the part alone provides
sufficient pressure.
NOTICE
Threaded studs cannot be reused in titanium horns.
After the new stud has been inserted, you can reassemble the Horn to the Con-
verter. Follow the same procedure as found in Section 4.5: Connecting and
Removing Tips, Horns, and Converters, beginning on page 4-5.
NOTICE
For information on tightening the tips, see Section 4.5: Connecting and
Removing Tips, Horns, and Converters, beginning on page 4-5.
Fan does not operate when power 1. Fan motor has failed.
supply is energized. Indicator light 2. Line cord failed.
illuminates. 3. Power Switch has failed.
4. Fuse F1 has failed.
5. Line filter has failed.
Little or no meter indication when 1. Timer has not been set, has com-
ON/OFF switch is energized. Fan pleted cycle, or has failed.
operates. 2. Thermal switch on power supply
module is activated.
3. Adapter board has failed.
4. Harmonics module has failed (CE
units only).
Full scale or high meter deflection, 1. Power supply module has failed.
horn unloaded. 2. Horn or tip have failed.
Appendix A Applications
Oil and water emulsions: permanent, stable emulsions in a few seconds. Par-
ticle size reduced to less than micron (each case slightly different). Oil in water/
water in oil phases can be obtained in same vessel.
Oyster shell: small, clean hole can be drilled with micro tip in 3 minutes. No
cracking is produced.
Paracolon: excellent disruption.
Parasites: separated from red cells in a few seconds.
Pasteurella pestis: complete disruption in 30 minutes using high power.
Penicillium: complete disruption in 3 minutes.
Pesticides: ultrasonic treatment resulted in a 16-fold improvement in the
potency of the antigen used with Micro-crystalline Cellulose as a thin-layer adsor-
bant for chromatographic separation.
Phosphatidate phosphohydrolase: the most potent inhibitors for this
enzyme were obtained by making five dispersions with the Sonifier Cell Disrup-
tor.
Phospholipid micelles: produced stable preparations for an indefinite period.
Plant cells: 30% packed plant cells (W/V) and distilled water (depending on
type) can be completely disrupted in 1-15 minutes.
Plant tissue: 1 gm dried tissue suspended in alcohol disintegrates in about 5
minutes.
Platelets: complete disruption according to size from 20 seconds to 4 minutes.
Pneumococci: preserved in formalin for several years; completely disrupts in 6
minutes.
Polio virus: excellent disruption of this most difficult virus.
Powders: broken down to a small, relatively uniform particle size.
PPLO: complete disruption in 2 minutes.
Propionobacteria: releases sulfhydro groups intact; 70 ml of 20% suspension
processed for 10 minutes.
Propionobacteriom shermanii: 2 minutes for extraction of citrate synthose.
Proteus: excellent disruption.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa: rapid, complete disintegration.
Pseudomonas fluorescens: 2 gm wet wt in 10 ml completely disrupts in 1
minute.
A - 10 100-413-016 Rev. C
250 - 450 Sonifier Appendix A Applications
Instruction Manual
100-413-016 Rev. C A - 11
Appendix A Applications
Toxin and antitoxin: one example of many: Toxin preparations of whole cell
lysate (WCL) of the Inaba serotype strain 569E of the classic biotype of cholera
vibrio were grown on 3% Bacto peptane agar and harvested in distilled water at
18 hours. The unwashed suspensions were solubilized ultrasonically, clarified by
centrifugation and the supernat freeze-dried for the titration of cholare toxin in the
rabbit ileal loop.
Toxoplasma gondii: can be separated from white blood cells without injury.
Transplantation antigens: were extracted from spleen, thymus and lymph
nodes.
Trichomonas foetus: Complete disruption in a few seconds
Triolein: Complete stable emulsion in 2 minutes.
Trypanosomes: concentrated 10 ml solution completely disrupts in 4 minutes.
Uterus muscle: a 1/5 gm, 3 cc solution completely disrupts in 3 minutes for
coenzyme Q determination.
Vaccines: numerous advantages such as, more antigenic material released than
usual and the production of vaccines not obtainable by classified methods.
Various bacilli: complete disruption in 3 minutes.
Vibrio comma: excellent disruption.
Virus extraction: excellent for experimental vaccines. Evidence of breakage
of virus/antibody bonds. Virus can be extracted without damage at low power, or
broken at high power.
Vitamin E: 30 seconds of ultrasonic treatment put material in solution with a
resultant permanent suspension.
W138 virus: cell-free V-2 virus obtained in 30 seconds using 6 ml of Veronal
buffer with W138 cells containing V-2 virus.
Yeast: complete disruption in 3-10 minutes. Complete disruption of 9 grams
pressed yeast in 18 ml buffer in 8 minutes. Protein release, 52 mg/ml from an aged
sample.
A - 12 100-413-016 Rev. C
250 - 450 Sonifier Appendix B Parts List
Instruction Manual
100-098-120
100-098-121
Replacement studs for ultrasonic
Stud 100-098-123
accessories*.
100-098-249
100-098-370
Appendix C Accessories
Special disruptor horns, various horn tips and a variety of vessels for batch or con-
tinuous processing are available for use with Branson Sonifiers. Accessories
include the following:
! CAUTION
When using micro tips, a maximum Output Control Setting of 6 must
not be exceeded. The micro tip will break if driven at higher amplitudes.
Horns are designed to allow chilled water to circulate through the Cup Horn to
prevent heating of the solution as a result of the ultrasonic activity. The Cup Horn
is available with a water cooling device which allows water to flow through the
cup, keeping the material cool.
! CAUTION
The bottom of the test tubes should not be in contact with the surface of
the ultrasonic horn, which could cause breakage.
BRANSON
ITEM DESCRIPTION
EDP No.
BRANSON
ITEM DESCRIPTION
EDP No.
2 diameter 101-147-047
3 diameter 101-147-048
High intensity with flow thru ports- 101-147-046
with water jacket
3 - 10ml 101-021-001
6 - 15ml 101-021-002
20 - 50ml 101-021-003
BRANSON
ITEM DESCRIPTION
EDP No.
BRANSON
ITEM DESCRIPTION
EDP No.
Double-Step A two-piece horn consisting of a coupling sec-
Micro Tip tion and a lower tip. The standard disruptor
Assembly horn must be removed prior to using this tip.
recommended for use on extremely small vol-
umes (0.5 - 20ml). applications include red
and white blood cells, tissue culture cells, Hela
cells. Overall length is 9 1/8" with 1/8" dia. in
the lower 2 1/8".
NOTICE
The double-step microtip is to be used only with
coupler 101-147-050.
BRANSON
ITEM DESCRIPTION
EDP No.