Nama: Muniroh

Prodi: D IV

Jurusan: Analis Kesehatan

SMOKING

When your parents were young, people could buy cigarettes and smoke
pretty much anywhere even in hospitals! Ads for cigarettes were all over
the place. Today we're more aware about how bad smoking is for our health.
Smoking is restricted or banned in almost all public places and cigarette
companies are no longer allowed to advertise on TV, radio, and in many
magazines.

Almost everyone knows that smoking causes cancer, emphysema, and heart
disease; that it can shorten your life by 10 years or more; and that the habit
can cost a smoker thousands of dollars a year. So how come people are still
lighting up? The answer, in a word, is addiction.

Smoking is a hard habit to break because tobacco contains nicotine, which is

highly addictive. Like heroin or other addictive drugs, the body and mind
quickly become so used to the nicotine in cigarettes that a person needs to
have it just to feel normal.

People start smoking for a variety of different reasons. Some think it looks
cool. Others start because their family members or friends smoke. Statistics
show that about 9 out of 10 tobacco users start before they're 18 years old.
Most adults who started smoking in their teens never expected to become
addicted. That's why people say it's just so much easier to not start smoking
at all.

http://kidshealth.org/teen/drug_alcohol/tobacco/smoking.html#
 Health Effects of Smoking

By Dennis Thompson, Jr. | Medically reviewed by Pat F. Bass III,

MD, MPH

You know smoking is bad for you, but do you know what this dangerous habit
does to your body and to nonsmokers who inhale secondhand smoke?

Don't Miss This

Cigarette smoking has disastrous consequences: It damages just about

every organ of the body and leads to the general deterioration of the
smoker's health. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
estimates that cigarette smoking is responsible for nearly one of every
five deaths in the United States, or about 438,000 deaths every year.
Cigarette smoking is deadlier on an annual basis than HIV/AIDS, motor
vehicle crashes, drug abuse, alcoholism, suicide, and murder
combined.

Smoking and Cancer

Cancer was one of the first diseases that researchers linked to cigarette
smoking, and it continues to be smoking's most notorious health effect.
Cigarette smoking and tobacco use causes about one-third of all cancer
deaths in the United States.
Lung cancer is most closely linked to cigarette smoking. Smoking causes
nearly all lung cancer deaths in America, about 90 percent of male
deaths and 80 percent of female deaths. The chances that a male
smoker will die of lung cancer is 23 times that of someone who's never
smoked, while women who smoke run a risk 13 times greater than non-
smokers.

But lung cancer is far from the only form of cancer attributable to
cigarette smoking. Researchers have also linked smoking to cancers of
the bladder, larynx, mouth, throat, esophagus, pancreas, stomach,
kidney, and cervix. Smoking also is a known cause of some forms of
leukemia.

Smoking and Respiratory Disease

Breathing in cigarette smoke is terribly harmful to the lungs. The damage

starts with the first puff and continues until the smoker quits. About 9 out
of 10 deaths from lung diseases are caused by smoking. A cigarette
smoker's risk of dying from a chronic obstructive lung disease like chronic
bronchitis or emphysema is 10 times that of non-smokers:

Chronic bronchitis occurs when cigarette smoke prompts the

airways to produce too much protective mucus. The smoker
develops a chronic cough to clear their airways of the mucus so
they can breathe. Eventually, the airways swell and become
blocked by scar tissue and mucus. The smoker with bronchitis has a
higher risk of contracting pneumonia and other infections.

Emphysema occurs as cigarette smoke destroys the tiny air sacs

inside the lungs that allow oxygen to be diffused into the
bloodstream. The process destroys the smoker's ability to draw
breath, eventually making them gasp and struggle for air.
Smoking and Cardiovascular Disease

Smoking also affects the heart and the circulatory system, and has been
linked to coronary heart disease, the number one killer in the United
States. Cigarette smokers are as much as four times more likely to be
diagnosed with coronary heart disease than non-smokers, and are twice
as likely to suffer strokes.

Other Health Effects of Smoking

Cigarette smoking's effects are widespread and include damage to:

Skin. Smoking prematurely ages the skin, causing facial wrinkles. It

also slows the skin's healing ability and has been linked to skin
cancer.

Eyes. Smoking has been linked to the development of cataracts, a

condition in which the clear lens of the eye becomes cloudy.
Cigarette smoking also can cause macular degeneration and do
damage to the optic nerve.

Mouth. Smoking is estimated to be responsible for three of every

four cases of periodontal disease in the United States. Toxins
contained in cigarette smoke damage the gums, causing them to
recede and putting the smoker at greater risk for tooth decay.

The Dangers Secondhand Smoke

Cigarette smoking can harm your health even if you're not a smoker.
Exposure tosecondhand smoke is believed to cause the lung cancer or
heart disease deaths of about 49,000 non-smokers every
year. Nonsmokers who are exposed to secondhand smoke in their homes
or workplaces have a 25 to 30 percent increase in their heart disease risk
and a 20 to 30 percent increase in their lung cancer risk. Children whose
parents or caregivers smoke have an increased risk of asthma, bronchitis,
pneumonia, coughing, wheezing, and ear infections. Babies of smokers
have a higher risk of sudden infant death syndrome, or SIDS.

Although the health consequences of smoking are dire, it's important to

remember that you can take control of your health by quitting. Once you
give up cigarettes your body can begin to repair some of the damage
smoking has caused.
Nama: Muniroh

Prodi: D IV

Jurusan: Analis Kesehatan

How Smoking Affects Your Health

There are no physical reasons to start smoking. The body doesn't need
tobacco the way it needs food, water, sleep, and exercise. And many of the
chemicals in cigarettes, like nicotine and cyanide, are actually poisons that
can kill in high enough doses.

The body is smart. It goes on the defense when it's being poisoned. First-time
smokers often feel pain or burning in the throat and lungs, and some people
feel sick or even throw up the first few times they try tobacco.

The consequences of this poisoning happen gradually. Over the long term,
smoking leads people to develop health problems like heart disease, stroke,
emphysema (breakdown of lung tissue), and many types of cancer
including lung, throat, stomach, and bladder cancer. People who smoke also
have an increased risk of infections like bronchitis and pneumonia.

These diseases limit a person's ability to be normally active, and they can be
fatal. In the United States, smoking is responsible for about 1 out of 5 deaths.

Smokers not only develop wrinkles and yellow teeth, they also lose bone
density, which increases their risk of osteoporosis, a condition that causes
older people to become bent over and their bones to break more easily.
Smokers also tend to be less active than nonsmokers because smoking
affects lung power.

Smoking can also cause fertility problems and can impact sexual health in
both men and women. Girls who are on the pill or other hormone-based
methods of birth control (like the patch or the ring) increase their risk of
serious health problems, such as heart attacks, if they smoke.

The consequences of smoking may seem very far off, but long-term health
problems aren't the only hazard of smoking. Nicotine and the other toxins in
cigarettes, cigars, and pipes can affect a person's body quickly, which means
that teen smokers experience many problem, such as bad skin and bad
breath.

http://kidshealth.org/teen/drug_alcohol/tobacco/smoking.html#