Application of duplex stainless steels in refining overview of API 938C Cathy shargy, Huse Corporation, USA [APL nesonr oasecries ‘Dohelp teins by dewloping benef for te ESS maaan Formany years therefning indus. anor, complet udelins for eve ta ato of 2575 ‘vas purchasing Duplex fr specifies. a Work Group was autenteferte volume action ‘changers ppng veselsandot- fed thin APL The Group was Many of he patos of DS ae hersplatins wit special requ aside falawang jets sits hth common ate ements tht were neces frthe + Deere pte ase mth” S woul have problems with ‘fine envionment ach nd nlsmsand preventive errs choi pti oc orl see ua company and engneing + Lst pial ster eqlements coon caching Figure shows ‘contactor evelopedpuchsespe + Lst pial etn t= thedifereneein seth al eho fteaton by reeving teste ments, roe consionressance expressed nd yeador data There werespectal_+ Compu examples of DSS app- as pltng estas eqaisent ‘mourementsbothon te mates ators nub (PRN of vais DSS ‘puch over nd ake the eaten Salley Tis chat "mute specitestion) and forwe- The mainder of 8 ppersum- shows thee combinations Sngand oherfabcaton ps. AS mains the nfrmationpeeted of higher strength and improved, ‘oe would pred there ete ara+ inthe AP Puston 9380. oman esiance vel with tone betwen the dient compa SS Hoh Fgue Tanda nie spetations. Also, somespe-_!NFRBpUETION Sow the “satan” of pete ‘Seaton ake tel deal, Duper sank sel (DSS) as itn eth the DSS od nd hence robles ocsonaly ofan economia ciation of seni ames ‘ceuted The roblensincaded strength and comosion sane. DSS hae exited sinc the 1930, ‘th fbcationcrackingand ober Theses sels pal have homer the rst eneration sts hes and taluesin service rom an anneal struct hat sgh suchas ye 29 (UNS S390) fad Conran or caching Both would ulfaustenteand alee ak- needle corn stance ave been prevented poper ma ough thers an ary rom’ ad nghnes at ween ters prcesing and bvicton. —raghiy 8/8 S88 taped Hence tenia opieaons were almost excel none femmponets ich at ho exchange tubing (prea conosve oling water Sere), pap shafts ‘ot fxging Seon generation ISS ‘came commercially waa in ‘the HDS which eed overome the prblens a the weds The cond gener res te ‘gen alos hich lng with Improved welding practice el 0 the we’ mechan eng nd tough) ad earn pr Dies eng comparable to tea lee met ‘The DSS mot commonly sso ayn riers inde ose with ge compat lhe Pe Son md tig ean 22 and 258 Ce As ste Tale ile at Ato Sle thom ate 1, he 29 Cr per cplex grads)‘so contin more mohbdenam Score oF API S3BC Se onlane cups! ema e) Sud aiuogen hun he 226 CrDSS, The Wack Group fm APLCenty envionment, Sndohsvehigher REN alas. dined he scope ofthe doument_—_ + Naterand cles and ‘Techemistiesand UNS numbers tocinesthe asf pet prs + Naphenc acd containing by ofvatous common DSSarelites in tacetoreningindst: The aloys eros “te inuciog some is gene covered ered othe 226 and tion DSStorcompanion. UNS. 294Crgade. Te typeof produt The we efeens nd defitons ‘32205 “never vesionof UNS fomsinchukd wre hn, pats, sections inthe rer, ante ree ‘S160 it higher minimum niu- fgg tings and pipe sings ene rviea pod Ist of eur ‘open, chomium andmelybdenum. wer tle ceson DS AASMENASTM sands for DSS are Thome hat was tue sted in Rbk 2 and Table shows iced ese xchargesane ppg. METALLURGY or OUPLEX mechanical proper. pe ThewstmujotyofDsS upp STAINLESS STEELS [Nébandothersutencranist one within he refiner ito The AP Pbition goes istry stesarencuded ia thecal; thcecatezores ence the scope of eat welding eit and foram ‘wesinited wots applstons: how they were overcome bythe wannie lame] e fm fw |» J alefm |e] s] s [am | om meas — P| waste Yona zoe oxen | a [roe] seo] tm | me [mare art tt ti eit ogi AP eed tin ATA ASM AG thei eens pn nd etn + Unsnotene rou aa tat nity neon el aw AD Nine enn elon mete ‘sina. dial ee at ra ed yo po, * Area aoc 98 he 505 eg ya pe ot sa tt en pee (ibso, nd nag taro at ane tay SI ne SN cea eA (ey nema rou pu arte wa "ity ny ay ts pane ad eset gettin He et ery rene Coe eh "ale mal compotion of Camel sed Bupa Sead er Aoy=dion of tog. When thes ete st the pina phase lane. xcesv foite and prec eg pase in the weld and troll at feted ore (LA) ‘Sealy flee bth coon = Stace and toughs-Ths probe season nthe 1988 y the ation ofnogen which ache ‘esate balance between ase ‘uly showed oer benefits ling retard sga pas prec pation, proved tere and yd Sent an improve iting ‘tev conton nesta. Close enti to the wed procedures result Wi eta rte of SS, tere se twoconcern tbe avoided when weding Inpat rapid quenching + Hn itermettic pases —f fm hgh heat pat oth case poor toughen ced oson reste on peat or eat input ee, ‘nich Rp prevent excess tt (oligo te we and AZ Te torah welt parclly susceptblto high fete, since the ‘omen resus sped que Shing Mocs are piel ee ‘efor wleing posed quis ‘on ofthese welds Suggested its (nth te content weld depor Sts and HAs ppp For mest ener applets) ae 306% ‘ough in ee eer sevice be ‘Thesecond poem sted above, ‘amy the formation of ra Imtemee poss resus om excessively high eat inputs mo- se scuntey excenie cumave {hea high tempts OPC 0 98S o 1300 to 177, ne nec pases nla sigma se ‘dh pss, an arecompler empound of re, comlur and ‘maiden, Mey arene "Boo —as0300 Vickers hardness (HV) 3000 ‘hue 2 Herts Conenin ape n Compton ASTI AD Coen ‘crete Sl meters) and oughness Te ate ofthe for. ‘maton most apiaat 1510 STO (SOU to 40 and nce lato with xc expo Fora 2 Cx DSS wi togen 0.14% ‘out ve tee expone a 70 (KF wl est 3 i fant lo of oraon reste nd ough. 259 CDSS ‘how snl depaton ater one rine tas OSAP Thee ulate exposures ince the Bling proces an al welding, hot forming. and ternal veatmens (cer then nein ‘empartue varies asd on we ng procedure, ment ines nd teal rae ands pely Ten 100206 (10390, (Once intemetalic compounds for, they ely be removed {fll anneal wth slice ines fempatuetoasalve the inte (ike Antwaan ‘on ners tempest ding MAS weldingistelptulinminimiing | Lee eformtin of inemetic phe ASMEaRG AST Speen or ses The opm inion irs Dupe Sin Stel, pear | Bl ee "hae we fo ASS gay wy ys et em ‘ie econo ec be ase Bo et ‘to lgeattome “ie. cial Popes fou Dopod 3 rarctalic compounds, flowed by Another paicion oes the adit to alloy content tht my sone A cece nena CDS ais inerrant eee ee en See eee paper Spenangongaiesseantane $y + ‘het tempertts but at for 0 sos soc see fqcveaplcaions Mcimen alo, + eet 51°C (-60°F) to -29°C (-20°F) de- ve} See ass = ee eeeees : ee ae ae vase en owing mechanisms and discusses a 0001 0001 oof OF 4 10 Aherestane and iis for DS we Chari Ping and Civic Cat fg CMe Sts arson Cen EC estan 22% and. ‘exon (rOt Alos Compr ti § Moen Orpr eng Nev! + Choi Stes Conon Cre- Sloe tom coe 6) ing Sc) aa ‘Agence ‘SRininnoaan T ae rie iting at cree «a ‘ore DSc sing a Ca corde unr severe onions Loe For predicting pting sane, 2e0 EN rows gotcondaton Inj able) The ae seca v= ‘tons forthe PEN ora eo tedintheletre, owe he feloning aete ms pre. sroeteate argh REN 96x 33M 6408 gue esis of SECT of 2% rand 25% 655 lo amped a ae Alin Cant a Tes 0 E02. 13 9 OE WH A ME = C1 +33K05MD SOK W)ST6XAN et Soten rom leone‘nd pl nado, with DSS, the stance to sd SCC, bt ey ‘wo pases have prioning se not immune. gues 3 and 4 atthe alloying ekments, and hen- Show same ofthe conan ecam have aiflrent PREN for dng to SOC for valous gates of ch pane Formost DSS mitral DSS om quality supers this has not eer asgnitcant problema they Hag Sts Cracking sre tatlane the PEN berween Sule tess Cacing er lay he two phases | Sali sess rack scepbity Cleric conesionestancelssi-_Isdepeent on may vale ‘lly shawn by vce crevice ding para presse ofS, pl Conrson temperature (CCT hat chon erent tempete ‘Seommoaly determined by the costar hanes ld wa, SIMU 48D ormerly GASB tt. Saace lh Many sees Thistetgieslower temperature whee Da wed in fies fess wich indicate tat ties volves water pine onaning HS, owe severe et. And hence heres of eo Thereareevctshumb which ater eang GSC) Tere hne have been dele for seater been SSCs efi apli- Conran sistance Experience tn howe they have beh 2 fasshowa tat tiles sees bed ono aan, needa PREN = 40:0,esstpting Inthe NACE THOI770" st for {nd cteiceconesion ambient SSC most DS 6o not show any fetvater Seater cononon e-—_cacingunt he pled est ances inlaenced by seaton, wellbore the rot eng Cad Fitton, tofulng saline. work decene te tel ae dhs makes the acepabilty of Suess Suggested choi and H2S 220 CeDSS ie to pei. pia pes its for 1803 Hence, 25% CesuperDSStht and S127 aon esting by The ‘met the minimum PHEN of 40 are Welang instar (TWH are en tov commenly ein seawater Unie ge. Us om et ‘pletion. seosans of NACE MBDI7S¢ane mO103 for sae she vr (ChLOMOE STRESS CORROSION Heya piven inthe AP ep It comacnne | sumer, NACEMOIG2 ints DSS WhatethenskofctildeSCC termite in ener et out aes 30ers Sa pooroemare — serviesto HRC max harness fal oy coe, DSSate often the an ete content 3545 va So Conttetiveserstve ace te welding etctlon ate ag. fxpernce and labora teting ven ncaing 3-9% fete con have sown tht DSS have god re. tent in he wed deat. 1080 | post 1008 = suis sxzeo So Bf eceaee omg & F : dor or 00 oH x) gu 5. sug Caen Cal Weed 34.35 ODN Cr (SS an apn 270) Sr Stl Pram alone 1 ‘Athoug thee fo publ ed borat data showing thee fide cnsonments, theres ‘eexpeentl data Terese ma ‘secs apes ao Proce ni sour water stp es, FOC and Coker uns, Duplex Ea sone ote commonly-ted doy for yrteter Recor er Ar Coots EAC) under lal severe cndions ands considered ob ssh alow ‘Aly 828 in resistanee ‘hee ate numerous tors orbs tes {de NILES) concentrations upto Dili concerto, her ce! ‘arable acting cmos ates, Ina ante ‘pally, ony et Svea ease stots have used 9 mis 30) 2 {1 maria vlocy it or DsSin concntsted HAS ver ‘ce hweer ts imi my be con patetn nay feo NAH corona eae rater spe sted in AP HP 938; pore. {al coc with ark of wet a ‘toni hore st depots SS ‘ould be scp to clade pi ting. These deposts are extemey enone smest alo and hence the pest omatonsoulé be prevented by proces meses, sda ter wubg ce ‘ing minimum tempera her than tempting to prevent or eson with etary" "Naplthenca ac comasion Naphhenic wid comasion ocus prima in eae nits de toe fai ebonglic acs the rade prs ange where cts ppoxinatey 175425°C (380- 07a he pinay variables fic cd eonentrtion, temper tere veya salt comentnd spaces. Tere at ite m0 Publisned oat tab ocumened experiential dita for DsSinnaptenie acd However, numerous exerts elev ould ‘eacepuaie tase on aly Msiemam contents important for naphthenic ad conosion rs stance with 259 minimum ace Ino ees 371 S5 wh 3.0. ‘1m ao eben wy ed in rapibeni sve and nasi pry exelent etance. Howe ‘re thereate some eves whee SHUSS cannot be sed such tn Ist exchanges with ot, apt hee stream on one ide and er undettedcude, rde tower ‘vendor steam generating 08 the others SI7L SS, shou resistant aphhen eld cor ‘on, wonld hea ik clone 0c. DSS wl have spain CSC resane bu would be med 26 C0 HOC OF to 09 bo Icompang the two gaesof 22) Cr dupes (UNS S808 and ‘2205 0 S178, te S5205 ga eve 103.58 Me should nate atest equal esstance The ‘wos es rein ba llyacepable would be Bete than 14S and equeaent 0 ‘6 special dee wt 2% min, Mo. Many 2% Cr DSSaloys| hve geste than 3.0% minum these rads sould especies 475° (885° enbritiement “There an emtnitement mechs ian tis cased by proton ‘expoaresto tone 260°C 10 HC {sto 106807 depending on a ‘de and since tis mon plat stout a7 (857, ss knownas 17°C Embitement- Thee teen aus by decompo ‘eh lp pre pase. Tipo em the primary son forthe Cade temperature isn he "Ct HC SOT oS) Tang, and shows hat the DSS Should net be sed fr long a “The 259 Cally ate mow set bet tsembetnent han UNS 59220805324 andean embitle fre aooe temperature toughness ee 10) 11.9) 6 27) (20 fe om 10 nurs expose 0 {7518857 o¢>10000 hous at S00 707. Nd tase oe susceptible tan ase mate "ny and hence welded sous ete ie ost ne inthe Cnintlenent ange Maren: spcomcaions Example of cme fhe speci quieren’ which aryl spe ‘ied ince: ecb 882205, + ater quench afte in anne 1 Test rinermetaiepreitans ~ASIN.A923 Method Bot pacttestngat 40 40 ot Doing met esting may sem ‘atl in some ete a they ate ot being done to show eeu {egos for servic, ut athe to Show the presence or absence at Intermetaie recta wich a fect both toughen a °C 40° and te conosion resstance In mos aqueous services The ae ‘yranc enteron oF 4 0 f8) teughoessat-4°C (40°F was se ected becuse ably cold pases Dow wert low eter seams ot ‘ede cing ad piping, On wel ed tubing, otha eet ts and yatest are type equ ‘ed. Ap eumple mate sp amappeni, Faoncaron neauneMeNTs ‘Uncer Fabsicaton Reguements, Some of the pis cored ia he + Weling Welding Posedie uation + Cting anoint preparations + alg proces estos 1 Ast of ecb ier meats (can oneralloyed and ne Sats ier mets + Maximum nd minimum est sept | asim nterpasempert, 1 Reglement for GTA or ig reste West eer mea crept fr thin guage tea, postions + Requeren for eat it vee ‘lon proces sie, + egtement ermal fare seins, + Nondestctv Examination + Dis meta welding 1 Gad working sition saat ‘or>10% imermedite anna ese fr 158), Examples orp spciatons ane ven in pence inthe APL por DS arpucarions Wy neritie plo ables on DS app ons, One includes 6 appl ton repre in NACE Reto, ‘heya ote by anit and Ist ‘me erie, ade probten, 1nd recom Tcl Jer tat has een in sere sae ‘Te secondcomplaten cates 24apleations fm vendor ter tureand one eine. coves 54 undies snce mary appations sree mele bundles Thi lee 20 sored ue, ap ss serv es rae, ermperstres, prestes, ‘eset material and comment Atmottne append e Ingo the election of DSS shown + Hyoprocesing Unt: png NSS cononon -stpper Ove Condensers anu iping NEES cooson -Staper Tver TopClaing~ [NHIHSconoson -Ftontor Fed eon Eh en changer HS ea. Son, lie SC+ Sour Water stppes: Reber —sacoosn, econ Exchanges NHS conoson oun xchange - NHS + crue aie Azeri Tower Overhead ‘Condenerans Oia ‘etchant eso, cor ‘de SCC, wet HS, HEL eo. sion View et Condensers oe oso, clade SC, mee Auosphete Tower Top Ch tings corso, conte cc, wets Dest Bane Cooker - aor: reson, clade Soc Dest eed/ne Exchange sateorason, clade soe Exchanges wih hoe raphe streams containing aquou Jones eg uniesaed ence) on he other napbent aia + Amine Unis Rema: “Regenette vend Condes: ser NIGH caroion ran Amine Cooler hot sne smne corosion ad a oo Son, hones + FoCand Light Ends Recovery: aclonatr Oveend Conde = Compre Ineo ‘NHS conoton + cater “Tactonstoc Overs Coden ser= Nil comoson prevorntcolerand Aer fooler NS conosion + Cop Removal an ydogen ‘anufaetng Pa): "wer CO= pen = COs cara ats Bebe ~ CO: + acs at Water Contig ate Exchange ~ Clore pat ting ana soc + HRSG Baler Feo Water Heter, Cals Oneness ater and condensing he is + Fel GasPiping~ Condensed wa. te with clos + Tsuen Taig Extera eh lenges Sumaany Duplex have found widespread sen ining applcatons I mae ny serves, hey have consi Anderckng este equal oe bererthan the 30 see Slo, ahdare often ehaper since they at phe eng Tena ace erence ening enon ‘mens whi ten conan HS, 9 ‘pe peal breton egies ‘must be foowe, pel ia we Ang However thse eqn tee ntti or ot and aay ‘here are many expec ase Acrowaneenent epouced with pemison of NACE Iteration, Houston, T llrightsreserved Paper 0871 resented a CORROSION 205, {NACE Iematonal 205, Rerenences 1 etc, “pat Seinen peer ae fen Ang Ce pa 97 2 fet ern ante ad heel Ge nie as pers Sk Ch se epe Row 4p 8 "Dipl ate eFC i i § i i i ‘ogo ‘i Cntr ete 98 Shao ow, Ct Con pene ar oper np ‘ig tht et a AC con ep a Hae ang yd A “enol itn cevmpig US od Fee So S916 eet ayy sa aye scanned When ee teense na MACE Ime COMROSOW, Pe “nes rns