Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Supply in
Building
Water
. ls a combination of two chemical elements -
HYDROGEN and OXYGEN
. lt appears in natural state as liquid, solid (ice) or gas
(water vapor or steam)
. ln its liquid form, water is 839 times heavier than air but
in its vapor form it is 133 times lighter than air.
. Water weighs 3.77 kg per US gallons or 1,000 kg per
cubic meter,
Sources of Water
. Rain water
Natura! surface water from streams and rivers
Underground water
Impurities in Water
. Enfained Gases
. Dissolved Minerals
. Suspended and colloidal materials
. Radioactive materials
Impurities in Water
Entrained gases - are carbon dioxide,
hydrogen sulfide,
methane, oxygen and nitrogenous and organic compounds
All residents within this zone limit shall be strictly required to have sanitary sewage
facilities.
There should be no concrete sanitary sewers existing within 15 meters radius of the
well.
No outdoor privy, cesspool, septic tank, or drain field, shall be located within 45
meters radius from the well.
The area shall be well drained to divert surface water from the well, and to minimize
the possibility of flooding.
All abandoned wells near the site chosen for a new well, should be plugged and
properly sealed, to prevent possible contamination of the ground water formation.
SPRING WATER
ls nothing more than a very shallow well with water, taken kom a water stratum
composed of cervical limestone, sand or gravel, lying a few meters below the earth.
Conhary lo common belief, spring water is not always free from contamination.
Spring water for drinking and household purposes should be protected from:
- surfacebr run-off water
- dust
- insect
- wildlife
- stock
Bottled Water
HEALTH REGUI."ATION ON BOTTLED WATER SHALL INCLUDE:
. The source of water shall meet the prescribed Philippine National Drinking Standards
(PNDS).
. Frequent bacteriological tests of water delivered, shall be conducted, and lhe results
must strictly comply with the health standards requirements at all times,
. A complete chemical analysis for each type of water sold, shall be made at least twice a
year.
. lce containing foreign matter should not be sold for human @nsumption.
. The ice plant must be free from entry of any foreign matter
r That only authorized attendants shall be allored lo enter and walk on the tank floors using
shoes eiclusively for that area only.
. lce storage should be kept clean, and no ice shall come in contact with meat, fish or any
food items.
. lce must be kept crvered during delivery. Delivery lrucks must be cleaned and kee from any
kind of contamination.
. Crushing or grinding of commercial ice for human mnsumption, should be done in a sanitary
manner and methods.
The salety and quallty ol water should not be lmpalred by delect ln the syslsm. ll should be provkJed
with suflicient valves and blow ofls, to allow repakworts wi0toul undue inienuptions of service to some
areas, to allow lhe flushing of the system.
Thcru rhould bc no u'rprotcc'tcd opcn rclcruolr, or crco connacllon wlh lnlcrlor water ryrlom h 6nl0l
he disfibu0on systenr. t
. The weler ryrtem should be tght agalnrl leakage. Ths main and bnandres connecton should not be
subne, ged ln sur{ace water, or rublec{od to any rcurce of contamlnallon.
The water system design, shall afford efiec{ive circulaton of waterwith minimum number ol dead end.
The system shall be guarded against contaminafon in any part of it resulting from repairworks,
replacement or extension of the mains.
When new mains are installed, or old mains repaired, ttey should be filled with strong chlorine solution of
40 to 00 rg per liter for at least 24 hours, and hen flushed wih water supplied normally from the main.
As mudr as possible, water main should be laid above he elevallon of mncrete sanitary seweni, or
crossover poinb, and at least 3 meters horizontally from such saniafy sewer when they are parallel.
Shoul J this be impossible for some reasons, he sewer main must be encased in concrete.
Classification of Public Water Distribution
HOUSE SERIfICE
- Refers to &e ppe mrmed*m kcm fre ?.&]h nm:'Tffi: ff ar:'I
source of water s$pdy b ee kd'&q ser'E
RISER
- Ag,trrs b fE'*eritra si@t 3E fl,'#t JrMtmr-r :rre
=ffi,m
fs-'E ilr8 rg# {ffir
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Types of Cold Water Distribution
a
By normal water pressure from public main
a
By overhead feed system
a
By air pressure distribution system
NOTE
The normal water pressure from the public water main
is normally inadequate to serve buildings. The
alternative solution is either by the Overhead Feed
System or by Air Pressure Distribution System
ADVANT/\GES:
. Water diskibution is not affected by peak load hour
. Power interruptions will not affect the water supply inside the building
. ln case fre pumping unit breaks down, the time required to replaced parts will not
affect tre regular supply of water.
}ISADVA.I.ITAGES:
. fte rvater inside the tank is exposed to the natural elements :f weather, subjecl to
ar.'.: mination.
tle r# s.rpply distribution unit has many working parts that require higher
-ar:Erare costs.
-r s.r:src u*i ryd he entire installation throughout the building occupies
rfl."m $ffis
I wlrm $:!t-qE br.,r,tation and oher structure to sustain the heavy load of the
&ft ffi u! {ffi rlrEr'i
Air Fressure Water Distribution
The air pressure water distribution is a new concept in water distribution where compressed
air is used as the delivery agent.
ADVANTAGES
. lt has a compacl pumping unit that requires a limited space
. The water chamber being air-tight makes the system a sanitary one. !
. The oxygen in the compressed air passing lhrough the water line, seryes as punling agent,
makinr the water more palalable.
. lt offers economic advanalge by installing a smaller pipe diameter.
. lt has few working parts and therefore, less initial construction and maintenance cost.
. Air pressurized water distribution syslem is well accepted for small, medium and large
buildings.
. Air pressured water distribution system seryes zones of about 10 storeys or floor interva s-
building of extreme height,
DISADVANTAGES
. The only.disadvantage of this system is the water interruption during power failure, Pr.: ris;on
for standby generator is an option.
Note:
The direct feed pumping system is depencjent on the
supply of electricity. A standby power generator will
operate in case of brown out or power failure,
Pressure
Head Loss by Friction or Friction head Loss is the loss in
rate of flow, due to friction between the water and the
walls of the pipe.
lllustrative Example
1to5 50 to 100%
6t050 25 to 50%
51 or more 10 to 25%
NOTE:
The Probable Demand is not likely to exceed 25% d tle larimum Dananl. espc*f
for average size residential building.
The minimum size of water service pipes from curb to the buildino shall be 38mm
diameter for the following fixtures: silt'cock, hol water boiler, launtrry tray, sink,
lavatories, bathtub, watei closet.
The size of water servica pipe is based on the maximum and minimum probable water
demand, bul in no case shall it be less than 20 mm diameter.
A 25mm diameter service pipe ould supply 2 branches at 20mm diameter, capable of
delivering up to 18 gal of water per minute lo serye up to 20 fixtures
Service pipe that is too small always result lo abrupt slactening d water flor speodly
during simultaneous opening of the faucets.
Piston Pump
ihis pump is used on small water distribution
system for elevating water in wells or other
sources.
Centrifugal Pump
This pump is associated with tall buitding water
distribution system