What are the types of GYRO?

Ans#1
A space gyro is a gyro with three axis around which it can move (think of it as
in pitch, roll and yaw, where I consider the pitch axis to be the spin axis)
as far as I know, space gyros aren't used in aircraft since they can take up any
position

A tied gyro is in fact a horizontal referenced space gyro (the spin axis lies
horizontally) with a button to prevent the gyro from toppling (ie roll) due to
precession and is used in the Directional indicator.
After using the caging knob, as it is called, the tied gyro must be realligned (in
case of the directional indicator with the heading indicated on the magnetic
compass)

An earth gyro is as a tied gyro but vertically referenced (the spin axis pointing
upwards) and having its spin axis tied to earth's gravity by means of a weight
holding the spin axis pointing towards the center of the earth
the earth gyro is used in the artificial horizon

A rate gyro is a horizontal situated gyro and is only able to topple (and spin of
course otherwise it wouldn't be a gyro)
the rate gyro is used to measure rate of turn around the third axis (yaw) and
so it is used in a turn cordinator
ANS#2
Classification of Gyroscopes

To classify gyros, we speak of planes of freedom.

The gyro itself rotates in one plane, about its spin axis.

There are then two other planes that we can use to define the gyro.

Both of them at right angles to the plane of rotation and at right angles to each other.
Gyros are split into four main categories:

Space Gyros

The simplest is the free or space gyroscope that is completely free to move in all three
planes in relation to its mounting system

Tied Gyros
These retain freedom of movement in all three planes but there is now an external
influence controlling the direction of the spin axis.

The spin axis is tied to the horizontal e.g Directional Indicator.

Earth Gyro
The spin axis is tied by the earth's gravity to remain in the earth vertical.

e.g. Artificial Horizon.

It also has the freedom of movement in three planes.

Rate Gyro
This one has a freedom of movement in the plane of rotation and one more plane (at 90 to
the first).

This can be used as a rate of turn indicator.

A developed form of rate gyro is a rate-integrating gyro and both have two planes of
freedom.
ANS#3

Gyro Models

Depending on how you setup or mount the gyro in the gimbal rings it will have number of
planes the gyro can move in, each useful to the pilot in different instruments. Below you will
find a list of possible installations:

Rate gyro can move in one plane (not the plane of rotation) and the movement in the
third plane is used to measure the precession. You will see this type of gyro in a Turn
Coordinator or Turn and Bank indicator (old models).

Tied gyro moves in all three planes but kept in one plane by an outside force, usually air
jets in case of the Direction Indicator (Gyro compass)

Earth gyro has freedom of movement in all three planes but is held in one plane by
Earths gravity. You will find this gyro in an Attitude Indicator.

Space Gyro moves in all three planes and is stabilized to a fixed point in space. You will
apparently see this gyro move due to the Earths rotation while in fact its not moving at
all, space wise.