Name: Danica Lynn L.

Millesca Date: February 9, 2017

Course, Year & Section: BSED 3D

Reflection Paper on Frog Dissection

The frog dissection was not difficult as we think but not easy as we do. The frog dissection was
fun. We took out all its organs and bile. But before we go to our actual activity on how we are
going to dissect our specimen which is the frog, we prepared first the materials, we have
dissecting kits and other some important things or material that we are needed in dissecting a
frog. We also wear the proper attire in doing our laboratory experiment. We used gloves, hairnet,
mask, and the laboratory gown.

After preparing all those things and those materials are ready. Its time for our group to examine
our specimen of course we rinsed it first with water. We examined the external features of the
frog first. Our frog was a female. We observed that its body is big, the hind legs are much longer
than the front leg, hind legs for jumping. The hind legs have five webbed (toes), while the front
legs have four digits without webbing. We observed that the frogs skin is colored and spotted to
help camouflage it. This thing said or this coloring can change and is controlled by pigment cells
in the skin called chromatophores. At the base of the frog back, locate the anus, which is the
opening from waste, eggs, and sperm are discharged.

On the frogs head we observed the large, bulging eyes that rotate to allow sight in many
directions. We noticed that frogs dont have external ears, but just behind each eye is a round, flat
membrane called a tympanum (ear drum) that senses sound waves. Our specimen was female so
the tympanum on females is similar in size to the eye, but much larger on male.

After weve done in examining the external part of the frog, we proceed on the internal features.
Here are the following steps that we made in order to dissect properly our specimen:
First; we lay the frog on its back, spread out its limbs, and pin them to the dissecting pad. We
used forceps to lift the skin between the hind legs and make a small incision with a blade.
Continue the cut up the center of the frogs body with scissors, being careful to cut through the
skin only. We used of forceps to hold the skin away from muscle while we cut.

Second; we repeat the incisions as before, this time cutting through the muscle layer to a point
just below the arms. We lifted the muscle with forceps to prevent cutting the organs underneath.

Third; when we reach the area just below the arms, we turn our scissor and make horizontal cuts
through the hard sternum. We repeat the horizontal cuts just above the arms, and then removed
the bony strips entirely. We pinned the remaining muscle flaps back, just as with the skin.

Fourth; we look into the body cavity.

After doing all those steps, we now clearly distinguished the different organs of the frog. But
wait, there are some yellow finger- liked projections on the sides (fat bodies), so it is necessary to
remove some of these in order to see the organ clearly. We also removed in our female specimen
the well-developed eggs filling the body cavity and obscuring the organs.

After removing those parts, we now clearly identified the major organs of the frog. We found out
that the frogs and humans share the same basic organs. Both have lungs, kidneys, a stomach, a
heart, a brain, a liver, a small intestine and a large intestine, a pancreas, a gall bladder, a urinary
bladder, a cloaca. Males and females have testes respectively. On the whole, their organ structure
is similar, but frogs have considerably less complex anatomies. They do not have ribs or a
diaphragm.

The body structure of frogs and humans is comparable. Both frogs and humans have skin, bones,
muscles and organs. Further, both frog and human bodies can be broken up into a head, a neck, a
trunk and limbs. The head of both frogs and humans contains the brain, mouth, eyes, ears, and
nose, and is supported by the neck. Frogs also have teeth( maxillary and vomerine), and a
tongue, like humans, even though teeth are weak and useless. The trunk of the frog and the
human houses most of the major organs, except brain.
The major difference between humans is that frogs are cold-blooded, egg-laying amphibians.
Humans are warm blooded mammals, which do not lay eggs. Instead, humans like other
mammals give live birth.

There are many features in comparing frogs and human including the digestive system,
respiratory system, skeletal system, nervous system and other system in our body.

This activity was very informative. I learned and I was really enjoyed it! Thank you.