The Rise of Islam

+ Allah: concept of belief in one god.

+ Muhammad: Received the first of several message from Allah
+ Islam: submission to the will of Allah.
+ Muslim: a follower of the religion of Islam.
+ Hirah: The migration of Muhammad to the town of Yathrib over 200 miles to the
north of Mecca.
+ Mosque: Islamic house of worship.
+ Hajj: pilgrimage to mecca.
+ Quran: the holy book of Muslim.
+ Sunna: is the best model for proper living.
+ Umma: Muslim religious community
+ Jesus: Muslims view Jesus as a prophet, not as the Son of God.

Why was Mecca an important city in western Arabia?

answer its where Muhammad lived and started the religion and where the Ka'ba
is

What are 5 pillars of Islam?

answer
1. Faith: There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is the messenger of Al-
lah.
2. Prayer: five times a day and face toward mecca
3. Alms: give to the poor
4. Fasting: During Ramadan fast between dawn and sunset.
5. Pilgrimage: must visit Mecca at least once in your lifetime

Why did Muslims consider Christians and Jews People of the Book?
answer Because each religion has a holy book with similar teaching to the
Quran.

How did the beliefs and practices of Islam create unity and strength among
Muslims in the 600s?
answer language -Shari'a laws -alms giving

Islam Expand
+ Caliph: the successor or deputy
+ Umayyads: family that came to power after caliph died
+ Shia: descendant of the prophet of Ali.
+ Sunni: people who didnt outwardly resist the rule of the Umayyads.+Sufi: group
of people that rejected the luxurious life of the Umayyads.
+ Sufi: rejected the luxurious life of the Umayyads. They pursued a life of poverty
and devotion to a spiritual path.
+ Abbasids: the most powerful group that took control of the empire.
+ Al-Andalus: extraordinary Muslim state
+ Fatimid: formed by Shis Muslim who claimed descent from Muhammads daugh-
ter Fatima.
+ Abbasids: a very powerful group that took control from the Umayyads
+ The Hijrah: migration of Muhammad moved to the town of Yathrib
+

How did Muslims under the rightly guided caliphs treat conquered peoples?
answer they tolerated those who didn't convert to Islam and made them 2nd
class citizens, but those who did convert were made equals.

Why did the Shia oppose the rule of the Umayyads?

answer They pursued a life of poverty and devotion to a spiritual path.

What tied the Abbasid caliphate and the independent Muslim states together?
answer Through religion, language and the economy.

Muslim Culture
+ House of Wisdom: Caliph al-Mamun opened in Baghdad a combination library,
academy, and translation center.
+ Calligraphy: The art of beautiful handwriting.

What was the role of women in Muslim society?

answer Women have to follow the men, women varied the income of their hus-
bands.

How did Muslim scholars help preserve the knowledge of the ancient Greeks
and Romans?
answer by collecting, translating, and critiquing ancient texts

What were some of the Muslim contribution in medicine, mathematics, astron-

omy?
answer Medicine: clean air=faster recovery

What do you consider to be the five most significant developments in scholar-

ship and the arts during the reign of the Abbasids?
answer 1. ease of creation 2. Liability of owners 3. Tax considerations 4. Need
for capital (raising dollars)