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  • Nekton and Fisheries Oceanography

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    rawr
    174 views7 pages
    This document discusses various marine organisms and fisheries. It describes different taxonomic groups including crustaceans like krill, molluscs like squid, and chordates including sea turtles, sharks, bony fish, and marine mammals. It provides details on the life histories, behaviors, and vulnerabilities of these species. The document emphasizes that assessing fish population dynamics is challenging due to natural controls and harvesting impacts. It stresses the importance of understanding fish and regulating fisheries in light of biological and environmental variability.

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    Nekton and Fisheries Oceanography

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    This document discusses various marine organisms and fisheries. It describes different taxonomic groups including crustaceans like krill, molluscs like squid, and chordates including sea turtles, sharks, bony fish, and marine mammals. It provides details on the life histories, behaviors, and vulnerabilities of these species. The document emphasizes that assessing fish population dynamics is challenging due to natural controls and harvesting impacts. It stresses the importance of understanding fish and regulating fisheries in light of biological and environmental variability.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    174 views7 pages

    Nekton and Fisheries Oceanography

    Uploaded by

    rawr
    This document discusses various marine organisms and fisheries. It describes different taxonomic groups including crustaceans like krill, molluscs like squid, and chordates including sea turtles, sharks, bony fish, and marine mammals. It provides details on the life histories, behaviors, and vulnerabilities of these species. The document emphasizes that assessing fish population dynamics is challenging due to natural controls and harvesting impacts. It stresses the importance of understanding fish and regulating fisheries in light of biological and environmental variability.

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    of 7

    17Nov2016

    Nekton
    Abletoswimagainstcurrents
    andwaterflow
    NektonandourFisheries
    Migrate,school....

    Euphausiids (krill)
    PhylumArthropoda Tagalogterm?
    ClassCrustacea (e.g.,krill,shrimps,crabs,lobsters)
    PhylumMollusca Shrimplikecrustaceans(w/dorsalexoskeleton)
    ClassCephalopoda (e.g.,squid,octopus,Nautilus) 110cmlengthofjuvenilesandadults
    PhylumChordata Canswim1BL/sec~110cm/sec>schooling
    SubphylumCraniata/Vertebrata
    ClassReptilia (seasnakes,seaturtles) Somespeciesstrictlycarnivorous,others
    ClassMammalia(cetaceans,sirenians,pinnipeds,fissipeds) herbivorous
    ClassAves(seabirds)
    ClassMyxini (hagfish) Separatesexes
    ClassChodrichthyes (cartilaginousfish;e.g.,sharks,rays)
    ClassOsteichthyes (bonyfish)
    Manyarestrongdiel migrators

    Video -- Krill -- National Geographic2.flv


    17Nov2016

    Squid
    2types:
    Muscularsquids associatedwithcontinentalshelf(2families)
    Oceanic neutrallybuoyantsquids(manyfamilies)
    e.g.,Euphausia superba
    Antarctickrill
    Cephalopodscompriseamajorcomponentofbiomass
    globally
    Exclusivelypredatory
    Occupysizerangebetweenmidwater fish(<10cm)and
    largepelagicspecies(>1m)

    Meansofreproduction(earlyand/orsemelparous
    breeding),shortlifespanandlittleoverlapofgenerations
    >>vulnerabilitytopredationandenvironment>>high
    variabilityinpopulation
    17Nov2016

    SeaTurtles(PhylumChordata,ClassReptilia)
    PhilippineSpecies(5outof7)
    CommonName ScientificName CITESStatus
    Loggerhead Carreta caretta Endangered

    Green Chelonia mydas Endangered

    OliveRidley Lepidochelys olivacea Endangered

    Hawksbill Eretmochelys imbracata Criticallyendangered

    Leatherback Dermochelys coriacea Critically endangered

    Matureafterca.10 40years
    Nestashore

    Incubateeggsonsandy
    beaches
    Bycatch,vulnerabletofishing
    gear(trawls,longlines)

    Feedonmacroalgae,
    gelatinousplankton(e.g.,
    jellyfish,salps),crabs,squid,
    fishandsoon

    Fish
    C.Myxini (hagfish) demersal,deep
    water,producelargeamountsof
    slime;scavengers

    C.Chondrichthyes (cartilaginousfish)
    Sharks,skatesandrays
    Predators,butsomeplanktonfeeders
    Manywithlargeagetofirst
    reproductionandlowfecundity
    Significantbycatch (nets,trawls)
    Particularlysusceptibletooverfishing)
    17Nov2016

    Fish(C.Osteichthyes bonyfishes)

    Small,pelagicfish
    Sardine,anchovy,mackerel oftencoastal
    Myctophids,gonostomatids andothers
    Oftenoceanic,slopeand/ordeepdwelling
    Oftenverticallymigrate
    Flyingfish,needlefishes nearsurface

    Large,pelagicfish
    Tunas,swordfish,billfishes

    SmallPelagicFish
    Sardine,anchovy,mackerel,etc.
    Rangefromomnivorous(e.g.,anchovy,sardine)topredatory(e.g.,
    mackerel)
    Ageoffirstreproduction~1 2y;lifespanca3 10yrs
    Quitelargefluctuationsinpopulationsizeonthescaleofyearstodecades
    Dominantfishinupwellingregions,esp anchovyandsardine,butalsowith
    populationsinoceanicregions(e.g.,mackerel)
    17Nov2016

    SmallPelagicFish SmallPelagicFish
    Myctophids andgonostomatids etc.
    Primarilyoceanic;strongdiel verticalmigrators Exocoetidae flyingandneedlefish
    PredatoryandMajorpreyofdifferentoceanicandshelf Finsadaptedforwingsand
    predators paddleforwatersurface
    predators
    Ageoffirstreproduction~1ormoreyears;lifespanca.3to>
    10y
    Photophores
    e.g.,lanternfish accountsforlargebiomassindeepwaters

    LargePelagicFish

    Monster Fish.flv
    17Nov2016

    MarineMammals
    Fish...Fisheries
    1. whales and dolphins (cetaceans)
    Fishes(andotherseafood)are
    2. manatees and dugongs (sirenians) more ourlastwildfood
    3. Seals, sea lions, walruses (pinnipeds) aquatic
    Assessingthedynamicsoffish
    4. Polar bears and sea otters (fissipeds)
    populationsisdifficult:
    Naturalpopulationcontrols
    (physical,biological)+harvesting
    (functionofnumberofpeople,their
    effort,theirgear...)
    17Nov2016

    UnderstandingtheFish
    Regulationofgrowth,recruitmentandmortality
    Behaviour breedingpopulations,migrations
    Inlightofvariabilityinthebiologicalandphysical
    factors

    ManagingFisheriesandEcosystems:
    movingawayfromsinglespecies

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