Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Atherosclerosis
PENURUNAN PASOKAN
OKSIGEN
OTOT JANTUNG
LAPAR
Mekanisme SKA
Terbentuk Thrombus:
--Adhesi
--Aktivasi
--Agregasi
Sumbatan Koroner
SUMBATAN
TOTAL
Sidroma Koroner Akut (SKA)
Circulation 1989;80:410-4
Infark Miokard Akut (Acute MCI)
Troponin T
CKMB Memerlukan terapi trombolitik (strepto
Kinase) atau Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Nyeri dada khas infark: nyeri dada atau
leher atau rahang (seperti ditekan atau
dihimpit) berlangsung lebih dari 30 menit
P Q R S T
Provocative Quality or Region or Severity Timing
or palliative quantity radiation
How severe is When did the
What provokes What does the Where in the the chest pain? pain begin ?
or relives the pain feel like chest the pain How would you
chest pain occur ? rate it on a Was the onset
Are you having
scale of 0 to sudden or
What makes the pain right Does the pain
10, with 10 gradual ?
the pain now? If so, is it appear in
being the most
worsen or more or less other regions
severe ? How often
subside severe than as well ? If so
does the pain
usual where ? Does the pain occur?
seem to be
To what degree
diminishing, How long does
does chest
intensifying, or it last ?
pain affect your
staying about
normal activities
the same ?
What to look for : Unstable angina and MI
Unstable angina Myocardial infarction
Character, location, Burning,squeezing,substernal or retrosternal pain Severe, persistent substernal pain or pain over
radiation spreading across chest; may radiate to inside of pericardium; may spread widely throughout chest
arm, neck, jaw or shoulder blade and be accompanied by pain in shoulders and
hands; may be described as crushing or
squeezing
Duration of pain 5 to 15 min > 15 min
Precipitating events Usually related to exertion, emotion, eating and Occurs spontaneously
cold May be sequela to ustable angina
Burning
Squeezing
Crushing tightness
Onset of STEMI Hospital Management
- Prehospital issues - Medications
- Initial recognition and management
in the Emergency Department (ED)
- Arrhythmias
- Complications 12
- Reperfusion
Management
- Preparation for discharge
Secondary Prevention/
Long-Term Management 1
2
Before STEMI
1 2 3 4 5 6
3
4
4
Presentation Ischemic Discomfort
Working Dx
Acute Coronary Syndrome
5
ECG No ST Elevation
UA NSTEMI
ST Elevation 6
Cardiac
Biomarker Modified from Libby. Circulation
2001;104:365, Hamm et al. The Lancet
Unstable NQMI 2001;358:1533 and Davies. Heart
Final Dx QwMI 2000;83:361.
Angina
Myocardial Infarction
Electrocardiography Harus direkam dan dibaca
dalam waktu 10 menit
Understanding ECG leads
Pasien harus dimonitor
dengan defibrilator
karena aritmia letal dapat
terjadi sewaktu waktu
pada STEMI
NSTEMI STEMI
Creatine Kinase- MB
Single assay 4-6 12 - 24
Serial assay
Troponin I and T
Measure 4 hours after onset of chest pain 4 - 10
Measure 10 hours after onset of chest pain 8 - 28
*Normal EKG
*Deviasi Segmen ST
. Elevasi?
. Depresi/ T inversi
. LBBB yang baru/dianggap baru
EKG normal UAP, perlu direkam ulang
(serial ) dan dipastikan dengan Enzym Jantung
tPA (alteplase)
15 mg IV bolus kemudian 0.75 mg/kg selama
30 menit, dilanjutkan 0.5 mg/kg selama 60
menit berikutnya
Thanks for your attention
45