BHAGWAN MAHAVIR COLLEGE

OF ARCHITECTURE
TOPIC : LACING , BATTENEING , BRACING

TAPAN PATEL-62
KANDARP PATEL-55
HIMALAY KHENI-41
DIXI TELWALA-77
HIMANSHU RABADIYA-64
HETVI SORATHIA-75
KAUSHAL PATEL
SEM : V
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DEFINITION
INTRODUCTION
LACING
LACING
BATTENEING
BATTENEING
BRACING
BRACING

LACING
Generally horizontal member has connects LACING BATTENEING
together and reduce the unsupported length of
compression member

BATTENING
Batten in construction is generally a strip of solid
material, historically made from wood but can
also be made from plastic, metal, or steel.

BRACING
Braced frames develop their resistance to lateral BRACING
forces by the bracing action of diagonal members.
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Rolled steel flats and angles are
DEFINITION LACING used for lacing ,one can use
single lacing or double lacing
LACING system.
Generally horizontal member
hat connects together and reduce The object of providing lateral
BATTENEING system is to kept the main
the unsupported length of
compression member. members of the column away
BRACING
Perforated cover plates are also from principle ones.
used for this purpose of lacing. Flats , angles ,channels or tubes
may be used as lacing

SINGLE DOUBLE DOUBLE SINGLE ANGLE LACING

LACING LACING LACING WITH WITH GUSSETS
CROSS
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DEFINITION
LACED COLUMNS
LACING

BATTENEING As far as possible the latticing system shall be uniform throughout.

In single laced system the direction of lattices or opposite faces
BRACING
should be shadow of the other. It should not be mutually opposite.
In bolted/ riveted construction, the minimum width of lacing bars
shall be three times the nominal diameter of the bolts/rivets.
The thickness of flat lacing bars shall not be less than 1/4th of its
effective length for single lacing and 1/6th of the effective length for
double lacings.
Lacing bars shall be inclined at 40*-70* of the axis of built up
member.
Effective length of single laced system is equal to the length between
the inner end fastener . For welded joints and double laced ,
efficiency connected T intersection effective length may be taken as
0.7 times the actual length
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BATTENING
DEFINITION
Batten in construction is generally a
LACING
strip of solid material, historically
BATTENEING made from wood but can also be
made from plastic, metal, or steel.
BRACING Battening literally means to fasten
or strengthen some thing .
Battened columns are those in which
two components parts are joined
only by batten plates.
Compression members can
sometimes also be built up by
intermediate horizontal connecting
plate . Some times these horizontal
plates also joins the angles section or
any other steel structure to make it
strong .

building material and construction 5

INRODUCTION TYPES OF BATTENED COLUMNS
DEFINITION
a. The battened column
LACING
This is simple kind of battened column un
BATTENEING which the chords or the vertical members
simply connected with the battens . No other
BRACING
lacing or any secondary joints are needed.

COMPOSITE COLUMN STRUCTURE

In this type of columns the lacing is also

added with the battening.
This forms the basic K shape in
combination of the lacing and battens
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DEFINITION

LACING This is also a composite type of steel

columns which comprises of the battening and
BATTENEING
the lacing.
BRACING In this type of column the two component
forms the V shape

This is also a composite column. In this

type of column the bracing and the lacing
forms the X shape
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DEFINITION
BRACING
braced frames develop their
LACING resistance to lateral forces by the
bracing action of diagonal
BATTENEING
members.
BRACING the braces induce forces in the
associated beams and columns
so that all work together like a
truss with all members subjected
to stresses .
bracing generally takes the form
of steel rolled sections, circular
bar sections, or tubes; vibrating
forces may cause it to elongate
or compress, in this case it loses
its effectiveness and permits
large deformations or collapse of
the vertical structure.

building material and construction 8

INRODUCTION Bracing can be used to
stop buildings swaying
DEFINITION over. It helps buildings
stand up to the sideways
LACING
forces that can occur
during earthquakes or
BATTENEING
high winds. Bracing
BRACING members can work in
tension or in compression.

building material and construction 9

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Chevron Braced Shear Wall

DEFINITION

Rigid Horiz.
LACING
Diaphragm
(Floor or Roof)
BATTENEING

BRACING

2
The type of lateral load resisting system to be used in a structure should
be considered early in the planning stage
Lateral stability as well as architectural needs must be met
The three common lateral load resisting systems are:
building material and construction 10
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DEFINITION

LACING

BATTENEING COMMON TYPES OF BRACED FRAMES

BRACING
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DEFINITION

LACING

BATTENEING

BRACING

Braced frames Rigid frames

Diagonal bracing creates stable triangular Rigid frames, utilizing moment connections, are well
configurations within the steel building frame. suited for specific types of buildings where diagonal
bracing is not feasible or does not fit the architectural
Braced frames are often the most economical design
method of resisting wind loads in multi-story
buildings Rigid frames generally cost more than braced frames
building material and construction 12
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DEFINITION

LACING

BATTENEING

BRACING

TEMPORARY BRACING
In a braced frame, temporary bracing is removed after final bolt-up is
complete and the permanent bracing system is in place
In a rigid frame, temporary bracing is removed after final bolt-up is complete

Structural steel frames require temporary bracing during construction

Temporary bracing is placed before plumbing up the structural frame
This gives the structure temporary lateral stability
Temporary bracing is removed by the erector
building material and construction 13
INRODUCTION FAILURE
DEFINITION

LACING

BATTENEING

BRACING

connection failure brace fracture at mid-length

Buckled brace

Base plate fracture brace fracture at net section

Fracture of box column