KARAKTERISTIK

1. HDPE
2. PP
3. PS

Dan gambarnya yang bulat

Tabel 1. Komposisi kimia sekam padi (Nugraha dan Setyawati, 2003)

Komponen Kandungan (%)

Kadar air 9,02

Protein kasar 3,03
Lemak 1,18
Serat kasar 35,68
Abu 17,71
Karbohidrat kasar 33,17
Karbon (zat arang) 1,33
Hidrogen 1,54
Oksigen 33,64
Silika (SiO2) 16,98

Typical Tensile Strength, Elongation, and Tensile Modulus of Polymers

ABS
ABS + 30% Glass Fiber
Acetal Copolymer
Acetal Copolymer + 30% Glass Fiber
Acrylic
Nylon 6
Polyamide-Imide
Polycarbonate
Polyethylene, HDPE
Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)
Polyimide
Polyimide + Glass Fiber
Polypropylene
Polystyrene

Polistiren

Density1.0 g/cm3 (62 lb/ft3)

Dielectric Strength (Breakdown Potential)18 to 20 kV/mm (0.7 to 0.78 V/mil)

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus 1.9 to 2.9 GPa (0.28 to 0.42 x 106 psi)

Electrical Resistivity Order of Magnitude14 to 15 10x -m

Elongation at Break1.8 to 40 %

Flexural Strength 62 to 80 MPa (9.0 to 12 x 103 psi)

Glass Transition Temperature100 C (210 F)

Impact Strength: Notched Izod19 to 45 J/m (0.36 to 0.84 ft-lb/in)

Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI)18 %

Poisson's Ratio0.4 to 0.41

Specific Heat Capacity1250 to 1400 J/kg-K

Strength to Weight Ratio32 to 44 kN-m/kg

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)32 to 44 MPa (4.6 to 6.4 x 103 psi)

Thermal Conductivity0.14 to 0.22 W/m-K

Thermal Diffusivity0.11 m2/s

Thermal Expansion80 to 98 m/m-K

Vicat Softening Temperature100 to 110 C (210 to 230 F)

Water Absorption After 24 Hours 0.040 to 0.080 %

Polypropilen pp

Density 0.9 g/cm3 (56 lb/ft3)

Dielectric Constant (Relative Permittivity) At 1 Hz2.2 to 2.3

Dielectric Strength (Breakdown Potential)21 to 22 kV/mm (0.82 to 0.86 V/mil)

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus 0.9 GPa (0.13 x 106 psi)

Elongation at Break12 %

Flexural Modulus1.3 GPa (0.19 x 106 psi)

Flexural Strength 31 MPa (4.5 x 103 psi)

Heat Deflection Temperature At 1.82 MPa (264 psi)50 C (120 F)

Heat Deflection Temperature At 455 kPa (66 psi)82 to 98 C (180 to 210 F)

Impact Strength: Notched Izod 110 to 350 J/m (2.1 to 6.6 ft-lb/in)

Melting Onset (Solidus)150 C (300 F)

Strength to Weight Ratio32 to 37 kN-m/kg

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS) 29 to 33 MPa (4.2 to 4.8 x 103 psi)

Water Absorption After 24 Hours 0.010 to 0.090 %

Hdpe

Density 1.0 to 1.3 g/cm3 (62 to 81 lb/ft3)

Elongation at Break 2.5 to 100 %

Flexural Modulus 4.0 to 7.5 GPa (0.58 to 1.1 x 106 psi)

Impact Strength: Notched Izod 50 to 260 J/m (0.94 to 4.9 ft-lb/in)

Specific Heat Capacity1330 to 2400 J/kg-K

Strength to Weight Ratio24 to 62 kN-m/kg

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS) 24 to 80 MPa (3.5 to 12 x 103 psi)

Water Absorption At Saturation 0.1 to 0.3 %

Pet

Density1.4 to 1.6 g/cm3 (87 to 100 lb/ft3)

Dielectric Constant (Relative Permittivity) At 1 Hz3.7

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus3.5 to 11 GPa (0.51 to 1.6 x 106 psi)

Elongation at Break2.5 to 70 %

Flexural Modulus8.3 to 14 GPa (1.2 to 2.0 x 106 psi)

Glass Transition Temperature70 C (160 F)

Impact Strength: Notched Izod60 to 85 J/m (1.1 to 1.6 ft-lb/in)

Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI)21 %

Melting Onset (Solidus)260 C (500 F)

Specific Heat Capacity1000 to 1150 J/kg-K

Strength to Weight Ratio43 to 88 kN-m/kg

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)60 to 140 MPa (8.7 to 20 x 103 psi)

Water Absorption At Saturation0.24 to 0.5 %

Pvc

Density1.4 g/cm3 (87 lb/ft3)

Dielectric Constant (Relative Permittivity) At 1 Hz5.8

Dielectric Strength (Breakdown Potential)20 kV/mm (0.78 V/mil)

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus1.4 GPa (0.2 x 106 psi)

Electrical Dissipation At 1 Hz0.12

Electrical Resistivity Order of Magnitude11 10x -m

Elongation at Break180 %

Glass Transition Temperature75 C (170 F)

Impact Strength: Notched Izod530 J/m (9.9 ft-lb/in)

Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI)44 %

Melting Onset (Solidus)190 C (370 F)

Poisson's Ratio0.39

Specific Heat Capacity1400 J/kg-K

Strength to Weight Ratio11 kN-m/kg

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)16 MPa (2.3 x 103 psi)

Thermal Conductivity0.17 W/m-K

Thermal Diffusivity0.087 m2/s

Thermal Expansion160 m/m-K

Water Absorption After 24 Hours0.45 %

Ldpe

Density0.92 g/cm3 (57 lb/ft3)

Dielectric Constant (Relative Permittivity) At 1 Hz2.3

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus0.3 GPa (0.044 x 106 psi)

Glass Transition Temperature-130 C (-200 F)

Melting Onset (Solidus)110 C (230 F)

Shear Modulus0.21 GPa (0.030 x 106 psi)

Specific Heat Capacity2300 J/kg-K

Strength to Weight Ratio7.6 kN-m/kg

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)7.0 MPa (1.0 x 103 psi)

Thermal Conductivity0.36 W/m-K

Thermal Diffusivity0.17 m2/s

Thermal Expansion220 m/m-K

Vicat Softening Temperature50 C (120 F)

San

Density1.1 to 1.4 g/cm3 (69 to 87 lb/ft3)

Elongation at Break2.5 %

Flexural Modulus3.8 to 13 GPa (0.55 to 1.9 x 106 psi)

Impact Strength: Notched Izod23 to 60 J/m (0.43 to 1.1 ft-lb/in)

Specific Heat Capacity1070 to 1380 J/kg-K

Strength to Weight Ratio67 to 93 kN-m/kg

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)74 to 130 MPa (11 to 19 x 103 psi