The principle and application

of optical fiber

:
E-mail:yslin@isu.edu.tw

1966-

Georgo.A.Hockham
.

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1970-
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1972- ,

20dB/km
4dB/km.


1976-
45Mbit/s
110km

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45Mbit/s

Today-
40Gbit/s.

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Optical Fiber Structures

the
the index
index of
of refraction
refraction progressively
progressively increases
increases
toward
toward the
the center
center of
of the
the optical
optical fiber
fiber

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 Optical Fiber Structures

the
the index
index of
of refraction
refraction changes
changes in
in multiple
multiple steps,
steps, the
the locus
locus
of
of the
the light
light is
is shifted
shifted toward
toward the
the center
center at
at the
the same
same time.
time.

LIGHT AND FIBER

Visible light can be efficiently transmitted

through optical fibers and routed around corners
and into inaccessible areas for lighting applications.

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 LIGHT AND FIBER

The fiber core has an index of

refraction which is greater than that of
the cladding.

Diagram showing how light is

guided through an optical fiber

Incident
Incident rays
rays which
which fall
fall within
within the
the acceptance
acceptance
cone
cone of
of the
the fiber
fiber are
are transmitted,
transmitted, whereas
whereas those
those
which
which fall
fall outside
outside of
of the
the acceptance
acceptance cone
cone are
are lost
lost
in
in the
the cladding
cladding

((
))
(Step-Index

(Step-Index
multimode)
multimode)
(graded

(graded
Index
Index multimode)
multimode)
(Singlemode)

(Singlemode)

Single-mode Fiber
Single-mode

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Multimode Fiber

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Light travels along a fiber cable
by a process called 'Total
Internal Reflection' (TIR)

road signs

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 Fiber construction

(LAN,
(LAN, Local Area Networks)

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OTDR
O : Optical
T : Time
D : Domain
R : Reflector

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()

Photonic Crystal Fiber

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Natural Photonic Crystal Fiber Sea Mouse

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 The Photonic Micropolis

Steven G. Johnson, MIT http://ab-initio.mit.edu/photons/micropolis.html

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 Waveguide Integrated Photonic Crystal
Microcavity

Nature, 386(13), 144, 1997.

(point
(point defect)
defect)
(micro-cavity)
(micro-cavity)

(line
(line defect)
defect)
waveguide)
waveguide)

(photonic (photonic
crystal
crystal fiber)
fiber)

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17
 blazephotonic

Endlessly Single Mode Fiber Polarization Mataining Fiber Highly nonlinear Fiber
http:www.blazephotonics.com/technology/products.htm

Multicore Photonic Crystal Fiber

One
One major
major application
application of of multicore
multicore
PCF
PCF is is to
to dense
dense wavewave multiplexing
multiplexing
(DWDM),
(DWDM), where where light light transfer
transfer
between
between cores cores can can be be controlled
controlled
more
more easily
easily and and cheaply
cheaply thanthan in in
cc oo nn vv ee nn tt ii oo nn aa ll ff ii bb ee rr ss
http:www.blazephotonics.com/technology/prod
ucts.htm

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Hollow Core Photonic Bandgap Fiber

(Philip Russell

Bath University )

Applications of hollow core fiber

Delivering
Delivering ultrahigh-power
ultrahigh-power laser
laser light
light for
for
machining
machining applications.
applications.
Transmitting
Transmitting ultraviolate
ultraviolate light,
light, which
which tends
tends
to
to get
get absorbed
absorbed in
in conventional
conventional optical
optical fibers.
fibers.
Biochemical
Biochemical sensor
sensor
Source: Science, 285( 3), Sep., 1999.

Optical Fiber Drawing system

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 Heat Sources for Optical Fiber
Drawing

(laser-heated
(laser-heated
pedestal growthLHPG)
growth

Paraboloidal mirror

ZnSe

Planar mirror

Refraxicone

outer cone
inner cone

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LHPG
LHPG

Molten zone Push

Oriented seed

Grown crystal
Pull
CO2 laser

Molten zone

Source rod

Feed

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Thin Backlight has superior
tactile response in switch
designs

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--
--
--
--

(DWDM)
DWDM

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600%

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