Panpan 11-01

Eects of climate change

Lately, ASEAN has faced to climate change for year and years. The hazard of

climate change has been known by the world leaders because it is the factor that

harm lots of things in the country including economic growth, health, poverty, human

right, forestry, agriculture, and fisheries. United Nations Framework Convention on

Climate Change (UNFCCC) was established to say about the climate change issue by

mention that common but dierentiated principle. Reducing the impact of climate

change has been consigned by the world leaders by adopting Kyoto Protocol.

According to the Kyoto Protocol, countries have to control their greenhouse gas

(GHG) emissions, especially the developed countries because of producing high level

emission from factory emission. ASEAN is one of the most vulnerable regions to

climate change impacts and it also aects all regions in the world. ASEAN countries

have faced to natural disasters including drought, sea level rise, and typhoon for

years. In 2004, Indonesia and Thailand were hit by tsunami. In 2012, Myanmar was

attacked by the earthquake and in 2013, Vietnam suered from Taiphoon Haiyan.

(Astriana, F.). Climate change aects south east Asia in both positive and negative

ways with lots of aspects including agriculture, coastal systems, ecosystems,and

water. But it mostly gives us the negative impacts.

There are many factors that are aected by the eects of climate change.

Firstly, agriculture can be aected by lots of factors including amount of water,

temperature, moisture, etc. Basically, water is the first thing that must be needed for

farming and growing crops which mostly cause by quantity of rainfall and runo.

Furthermore, just a few change in degree Celsius can aect for both gains and losses

 Panpan 11-01

in productivity of agricultural products. For example, for less than 2 C, agricultural

losses are experiences in the Philippines, while rice yields in Indonesia and Malaysia

are projected to increase (The global mechanism). However, climate change is not the

only thing that controls crop yields, production, storage, and distribution, but it also

depends on local growing season, crop management.

Secondly, the coastlines of South East Asia are fragile and easily aect by

eect of climate change due to the geology and geography of some of the regions

coastal areas. The increasing of population density and the large amount of

infrastructure in the coastal zone. In addition, large tidal variations,tropical cyclones,

coupled with the potential increase in regional rainfall, suggest the potential for

increased coastal hazard. Climate change harms coastal ecosystem by the change of

rising of sea-level and sea-surface temperature. Particularly at risk are the large delta

of Bangladesh, Myanmar, Viet Nam, and Thailand, and the low-lying areas of

Indonesia, the Philippines, and Malaysia (The global mechanism). For example, about

18% of Bangladesh is flooded which kills more than 5,000 people and destroys over

seven million homes each year.(Floods in Bangladesh,2017).International studies have

planed to shift several million people from the region's coastal zone when the sea

level rises about a meter. It would cost about millions of dollars per year in order to

reduce the impact of sea-level rise (30-50 cm).

Finally, climate change influence the ecosystem in south east Asia which would

aect on the regional economic. Also, loss of ecosystems pose a serious threat to the

economic, social and cultural stability because mostly the poor community relies on

ecosystems. coral reef communities, mangrove wetlands, tropical and temperate

 Panpan 11-01

forest are particularly aected which all of those were documented by scientific

assessment. Coral reefs may be able to keep up with the rate of sea-level rise but may

be harm by bleaching from higher temperatures. For example, El Nino event caused

widespread bleaching of coral reefs in the region which includes Indonesia, Thailand,

Cambodia and Malaysia in 1997 and 1998. Moreover, human infrastructure and

human activities cause the migration of mangroves which will aect shrimp farming in

indirect way, and it will lead to the decreasing of food chain. In particular, mangrove

communities are influenced by changing of the flow of freshwater in coastal zone and

the proper saline habitat which aect by rising of sea-level, rainfall patterns and

runo. Climate studies additionally propose that some South East Asia woodlands

and vegetation may encounter some constructive outcomes from environmental

change. Moreover, environmental change is relied upon to change disturbance

regimes within forest communities, influencing the recurrence of the wildfire and

intensity of pest. It is complex to changes in the distribution and health of rainforest

and drier monsoon forest but it is possible. For example, in Thailand the area of

tropical forest could increase from 45% to 80% of total forest cover(The global

mechanism).

To sum up, climate change gives us more negative impacts than positive

impacts. However, there are many ways that we can decrease or stop from climate

change including using energy wisely, trying to use renewable energy, reducing the

pollution, etc. From those resolution, it may reduce the eects of climate change that

could happen to us, our country, and our world.

 Panpan 11-01

References

The global mechanism. (n.d.). Climate Change Impacts - South East Asia.

Retrieved January 10, 2017, from https://www.ifad.org/documents/

10180/41587621-d96e-4aed-8b22-e714bcecd58e

Astriana, F. (n.d.). ASEAN's Response to Climate Change. Retrieved January 09, 2017,

from https://thcasean.org/read/blog/118/ASEANs-Response-to-Climate-
Change

Top 10 ways you can stop climate change. (n.d.). Retrieved February 01, 2017, from

http://www.davidsuzuki.org/what-you-can-do/top-10-ways-you-can-stop-
climate-change/

Floods in Bangladesh. (2017, March 08). Retrieved February 20, 2017, from https://
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floods_in_Bangladesh