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1
9.11 1
d h
d 9.1-1
r z
r
- r rhd + ( r + d r )(r + dr)hd - 2 hsin
dr 2 rd d = 0 (9.11)
2
r 2 h = const
d (r 2 h ) = 0
dh dr
+2 =0 (9.12) x x + d x
h r
d z + 2d r = 0 (9.13)
d z + d r + d = 0
d r = d (9.14)
LevyMises
d r d d z
= = (9.14)
sr s sz d x + d x
x
s r = s r =
9.11
sin =
2 2
:
d r 2
=0 (9.15)
dr h
d r > 0 r r ()
r r = 0
:
= z (9.16)
1
= s (9.17)
1
(9.16)(9.15)
dr
d r = 2 z (9.18)
h
z 3 r
r + z = s
d r + d z = 0 (9.19)
d z dr
= 2 (9.110)
z h
x
ln z = 2 +c (9.111)
h
: r t=
d = 0 z = s
2
2 d
( r )
z = se h 2
(9.112)
(9.112) r
2 d
d
h 2 dh
( r ) d
P=
2
se h 2
2rdr = () (e 1 ) s (9.113)
0 2 d h
p
h 2 dh d
p = 2( ) (e 1 ) s
d h
d
h
2
(9.17)
dx
d r = 2 s = d z (9.114)
h
2 s
z = x+c (9.115)
h
: r t=
d = 0 z = s
2
2
s
c = 2 s + d
h
(9.1-15)
x d
z = 2 s (1 + ) (9.116)
h 2h
d
x d
P= 2 s (1 + ) 2rdr
2
0 h 2h
d 2 d
= s (1 + ) (9.117)
2 6h
:
d
p = 2 s (1 + )
6h
3
1
= z = s s = s
3
r = Rb
h 1
d b = d ln (9.118)
3
2 d
( r )
z1 = s e h 2
(9.119)
db 1
r = z = s
2 3
s s
c3 = db
3 3h
d 2r 1
z = s ( b + ) (9.120)
3h h
d
Rb
P3 = z 31 2 rdr + db
2
z 31 2rdr
0
2
h
(d d ) 1 d b d 1
2
= s 1 e h + + (9.121)
b
3 2h h
4 s h
(d d ) 1 d b d 1
2
p= 1 + +
b
e
h
d2 3 2h h
3
p p p
r r
r
d/2 d/2
d/2
(a) (b) (c)
9.12
9.2
(
9.21)
P P
(a) (b)
9.21
1.
2
,
3**
( 9.1-2)
l
2 2 xa
l
2 l 3 4 1
s 3 4
3 2
500 1000MPa
2
P Db
xc Da
xa l a
xb
lb
l
9.22
ra
ra F ( 9.23)
ra s ra
s
s =
2 f ra Da
:
xb Rb2 = b lb 2 Rb (9.21) la
lb
9.23
xa
xb = s (9.22)
Rb
5
c c = s D
n dxtg d
dx D 2
df = d
df cos 2 n
dx
D
d
cos 2
:
dx d
dT = s rd (9.23)
cos x
x + d x
dx
dT x = s rd cos = s dx rd
cos
(9.24) 9.23
:
2
T x = s dx rd = 2 s rdx
0
(9.25)
dr
dx = (9.26)
tg
r
T x = 2 s dr (9.27)
tg
()
60
df
dx
dN = 2 rd (9.28)
cos
dx
dN x = 2 rd sin = tg 2 dx rd (9.29)
cos
N x = tg 2 dx rd = 2 2 rdr
0
(9.210)
Px = = ( x + d x ) (r + dr ) 2 x r 2 (9.211)
Px = (2 x rdr + r 2 d x ) (9.212)
: Px N x T x = 0
6
r
x dr + d x 2 dr s dr = 0 (9.213)
2 tg
2 x = s
1 dr
d x = 2 s (1 + ctg ) (9.214)
3 r
1
x = 2 s (1 + ctg ) ln r + c (9.215)
3
r = Rb x = xb
lb ctg
c =s 2 s (1 + ) ln Rb (9.216)
Rb 3
1 r l
x = 2 s (1 + ctg ) ln + 2 s b (9.217)
3 Rb Rb
r = R a x = xa
1 Ra l
xa = 2 s (1 + ctg ) ln + 2 s b (9.218)
3 Rb Rb
ra fa
1
fa = s (9.219)
3
l 2R 2 la
P = x 0 = xb + s a 2 a = xa + s (9.220)
Ra 3 Ra
(9.218)(9.220)
1 l 2l
p = s (1 + cos ) ln + s b + s b (9.221)
3 Rb 3 Ra
Fa R
= = ( a ) 2 Fa Fb
Fb Rb
P
P = R a2 p (9.222)
l a ( l b' )
7
R a Rb
l a = l b'
4tg
R0 2
l b' = l 0 ( ) (9.223)
Ra
R 0 l 0
185mm 185 545mm 60mm
v = 28mm / s l b = 5mm P
Ra 2 185 2
=( ) =( ) = 9.
Rb 60
Db2 D a2 185 2 60 2
= = = 89.5 , = 0.5 = 45
Db2 185 2
6v b tg 6 28 0.895 tg 60
& = = = 1.45s 1
1 1
D b (1 185(1
3 9.5 3
1 l b s 2l b
p = s (1 + cos ) ln + s +
3 Rb 3 Ra
180 2 185 60
545( )
1 5 4 185 2tg 60 0
= 45[(1 + cos 60 0 ) ln 9.5 + s + ]
3 60 3 185
412MPa
185 2
P = 412 ( ) 11070kN
2
p = s [(1 +
3
a
cos ) ln +
l lS b
+
1 2l b
] (9.223)
3 2 F b 3 Ra
a=
l s
1.13 F b
l s
F b
8
a
a a
a 3 a
(1)
Db 'f
(
d' Da
9.24)
( 'f
1 R R 9.24
p = s [(1 + cos ) ln
3 R
lb 4 2l b
+ + (9.224)
Rb R 3 a R
R
P = p ( R a2 R2 (9.225)
1
R R = ( R a + Rb )
2
R
R
R a2 R 2
= (9.226)
Rb2 R2
( 9.24 )(9.224)(9.225)(9.226)
R R
(2)
9
1 R R lb 4 2l b
p = s [(1 + cos ) ln + + ]
3 R R b
R 3 a R
R
P = p ( R a2 R2 (9.227)
(1)
1 l
p = s [(1 + cos ) ln + b ] (9.228)
3 R b
(2)
p = s [(1 +
3
a
cos ) ln +
l l ]
S b
(9.229)
3 2 F b
(3)
1 R R lb
p = s [(1 + cos ) ln + ] (9.230)
3 R Rb R
9.3
( r
) x
x
r z
9.31 r (
s r < s z ,
< 0.1
9.31
(
)
10
9.32 dx
9.32 dx
dx ntg dx rd
n rd
cos
2Ri d r dx
dx
P
dx 2Ro x + dx x
xo
x
xi
(a) (b)
9.32
D
Px = ( Dd x + 2 x dD) (9.31)
4
x :
Nx = rN DdD (9.32)
2
x :
Tx = rN DdD (9.33)
2
D( Dd x + 2 x dD) + rN DdD + rN DdD = 0 (9.34)
4 2 2tg
Dd x + 2 x dD + 2(1 + ) rN dD = 0 (9.35)
tg
:
x + rN = s (9.36)
(9.35) B =
tg
11
d x 2dD
= (9.37)
B x (1 + B ) s D
(9.37)
1
ln[ B x (1 + B ) s ] = 2 ln D + c
B
D = Di x = i :
1
c= ln[ B i (1 + B ) s ] 2 ln Di
B
1+ B D
2B 2B
D
x = 1 s + i (9.38)
B Di
Di
x = x o D = D o x = o
1 + B Do
2B 2B
D
xo = 1 s + o i (9.39)
B Di D
i
2
D
= o
Di
1+ B
1 1
xo = 1 B s + B i (9.310)
B
xi
(9.310)
1+ B1
xo = 1 B s (9.311)
B
B0 = 0 (9.37)
d x 2dD
= (9.312)
s D
x
= 2 ln D + c
s
D = Di x = xi :
c = xi 2 ln Di
s
2
D
x = s ln + xi (9.313)
Di
x = x o D = D o x = o
12
2
D
xo = s ln o + xi = s ln + xi
(9.314)
Di
xo
xo
9.33
d x Do2 = ro D o dx (9.315)
4
1
d x Do = ro dx (9.316)
4
:
x + ro = s (9.317)
d x 4 n
= dx (9.318)
s x Do
n
d x 4
dx
lo
=
d
xo Do 0
x x + d x
s x
1 xo
s
d = (1 4 l o
) s (9.319) 9.33
dx
Do
e
d
xo
Do
P =d D o2
4
1)
D2
= b2
Da
2) f
f
B=
tg
xa
3) B
s
13
d
4)
s
5)
1
( b + a )
=
2
Db
D0
LY12 50mm 40mm
xa
3) = 0.36
s0
d 1 0.36
4) = 1 40.093 = 0.38
s 35
e
1 50 2 40 2 50 2 35 2
5 = ( + ) = 43.5 %
2 50 2 50 2
6) LYl2 s = 260MPa
7) P = 0.38 260 35 2 = 95 KN
4
f n
n
n
x + d x
d
9.34
14
( 9.34)
( D 2 d 2 )d x + 2( D d ) x dD + 2 rn DdD + 2 rn D dD = 0 (9.320)
tg
3 rn > r
x + = s (9.321)
9.35
D
( D d )dx = rn dxsin d
0 2
D
= rn (9.322)
Dd
1+ B 1
xo = 1 B s (9.323)
B
B0:
xo = s ln (9.324)
(9.323)(9.324)(9.313)(9.314)
xo
1
s
d = (1 4 l o
) s (9.325)
Do
e
P =d ( Do2 d 2 ) (9.326)
4
LF2 40 4mm
25 4mm = 12 f = 0.1 l a = 3mm P
:
30 4
1) = = 1.24
25 4
0.1
2) B= = 0.472
tg12
15
xa 1 + 0.472 1
3) = (1 ) = 0.3
s 0.472 1.24 0.472
d 1 0.3
4) = 1 20.13 = 0.0286
s 25 4
e
1 1
5) = 0 + 1 = 9.65
2 1.24
IF2 s = 230MPa
6) P = 0.32 230 (25 2 17 2 ) = 19.4 KN
4
(bc)(ca)( 9.35)
(9.323)
c
xc
xa
(1)
9.35 c xc (9.324)
bc
no
f no
x + d x
b x
f 'ni
c a
db ni
da Da
Db
9.35
Fb Db s b
bc = = (9.327)
Fc D c s c
( 9.35 ca )( d c = d a )
r > n' > n
16
n' = n
3416
2f
2 x DdD + ( D 2 d a2 )d x + 2 n DdD + n ( D + d a )dD = 0 (9.328)
tg
:
x + n = s (9.329)
:
d f da f
( D 2 d a2 )d x + 2 D s 1 + 1 + a x 1 + dD = 0 (9.330)
D tg D tg
da da f d
B = A = 1 + a
D D tg D
xa 1 + A 1
A A
1
= 1 + xa (9.331)
s A ca
s
ca
9.331
xa 1 + A 1 1
A A
= 1 + xc
(9.332)
a A ca
s ca
d
( 9.36) n 3 2
no
f no
x x + d x
1 xo f ni
s
d = (1 4 l o
) s (9.333) ni
Do d a
e dc
D a
d a
t a
9.36
10 H80 40 5mm
30 4mm 25 3.5mm = 10 l a = 4mm f = 0.09
P
1)
Db = 30 , d b = 22 , t b = 4
D a = 25 , d a = 18 , t a = 3.5
Dc = d a + 2t a = 26 , d c = d a = 18 , t c = t b = 4
17
2)
30 4
bc = = 1.18
26 4
(26 4) 4
ca = = 1.17
(25 3.5) 3.5
3)
0.09
B= = 0.51
tg10
18
A = 1+ 0.51 = 0.87
0.5(26 + 25)
xa 1 + 0.87 1 1 + 0.51 1 1
4) = (1 )+ 1
s 0.87 1.17 0.487
0.51 1.18 1.17 0.87
0.51
d 1 0.479
= 1 20.09 4 = 0.58
s 3.5
e
=
0.5(40.6+56.7)=48.7
H70 s = 600MPa
5)
P = 0.58 600 (25 3.5) 3.5 = 82.2 KN
(2)
9.37
(c ) N 1 N 2
b
no
f no
ni + d x
c
x
a f ni
ni
P
2
9.37
18
9.37 (
)
tg 2
( D 2 d 2 )d x + 2 s D + (D + d )B d dD 2 x ( D + d ) BdD = 0 (9.334)
tg 1
(9.334)(9.328)(9.334)
tg 2
( d )(9.328) d a (9.334) d
tg 1
da + dc
d = d
2
xa 1 + A C 1
A
1
A
= 1
+ xa
(9.335)
s A ca s ca
d d + dc D + Dc f d tg 2
A = 1 + B d = a D = a B= C =
D 2 2 tg 1 D tg 1
1
2
(9.335)(9.332)C(9.335)
xa 1 + A C 1
A
1
A
C 1
A
= 1
+ xa
1
(9.336)
s A ca s ca A ca
d
xa (9.331)
s s
xa
(9.337)
s
(9.337)
2 = 7
1)
Db = 30 , d b = 22 , t b = 4
D a = 25 , d a = 18 , t a = 3.5
d 1 0.387
4) = 1 20.09 4 = 0.50
s 3 .5
e
5)
P = 0.50 600 (25 3.5) 3.5 = 70.9 KN
20