INTRODUCTION

(http://epaper.timesofindia.com)
In one of the most violent terror attacks on Indian soil, Mumbai came under an unprecedented night
attack as terrorists used heavy machine guns, including AK-47s, and grenades to strike at the city's most
high-profile targets -- the hyper-busy CST (formerly VT) rail terminus; the landmark Taj Hotel at the
Gateway and the luxury Oberoi Trident at Nariman Point; the domestic airport at Santa Cruz; the Cama
and GT hospitals near CST; the Metro Adlabs multiplex and Mazgaon Dockyard -- killing at least 101 and
sending hundreds of injured to hospital.

The attacks had taken a tragic toll on the city's top police brass: The high-profile chief of the anti-terror
squad Hemant Karkare was killed; Mumbai's additional commissioner of police (East) Ashok Kamte was
gunned down outside the Metro; and celebrated encounter specialist Vijay Salaskar was also killed.

The attacks appeared to be aimed at getting international attention as the terrorists took upto 40 British
nationals and other foreigners hostage.

The Army and Navy in Mumbai were put on alert. 65 Army commandos and 200 NSG commandos were
rushed to Mumbai. The Navy commandos too were asked to assist the police.

The attacks occurred at the busiest places. Besides hotels and hospitals, terrorists struck at railway
stations, Crawford Market, Wadi Bunder and on the Western Express Highway near the airport. Several of
these places were within a one-km radius of the commissioner of police's office.

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CONSCLUSION
(website: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Mumbai_attacks#Memorials)

Reactions to the 2008 Mumbai attacks were on the local, national and international levels. Political
reactions in Mumbai and throughout India included a range of resignations and political changes. Other
reactions included condemnation of the attacks by an Indian Muslim organisation and Naxalites.
International reactions to the attacks was widespread, with many countries and international
organisations condemning the attacks and expressing their condolences to the civilian victims. Media
coverage highlighted the use of new media and internet social-networking tools (including Twitter and
Flickr) in spreading information about the attacks, observing that internet coverage was often faster than
more-traditional media sources.

The attacks are sometimes referred to in India as "26/11", after the date in 2008 that the attacks began, in
similar style to the 9/11 attacks in the United States, the 11-M attack in Madrid, Spain, and the 7/7
bombings in London, United Kingdom. The Pradhan Inquiry Commission, appointed by the Maharashtra
government, produced a report that was tabled before the legislative assembly more than a year after the
events. The report said the "war-like" attack was beyond the capacity to respond of any police force, but
also found fault with the Mumbai Police Commissioner Hasan Gafoor's lack of leadership during the crisis.

On the first anniversary of the event, the state paid homage to the victims of the attack. Force One - a new
security force created by the Maharashtra governmentstaged a parade from Nariman Point to
Chowpatty. Other memorials and candlelight vigils were also organised at the various locations where the
attacks occurred.

On the second anniversary of the event, homage was again paid to the victims

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Timeline of the 2008 Mumbai attacks
(website: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2008_Mumbai_attacks)

21-Nov-2008 to 23-Nov-2008
Ten terrorists leave Karachi, Pakistan in a boat and travel for thirty-eight hours, remaining undetected
by the Indian Navy.
Each of the 10 men is given 6 to 7 magazines of 30 rounds each plus 400 rounds not loaded in
magazines, 8 hand grenades, one AK-47 assault rifle, an automatic loading revolver, credit cards and a
supply of dried fruit.
The terrorists hijack an Indian trawler, the Kuber, killing four fishermen and ordering the captain to sail
to India

26-Nov-2008
They reach within four nautical miles (7 kilometres) of Mumbai and kill the captain. They then proceed
to board three inflatable speedboats and proceed towards Colaba jetty.[3]
The first boat carrying around ten of them with several large bags docks at Macchimar Nagar, in
Mumbai's Cuffe Parade neighbourhood, where six of the men disembark and the rest continue sailing
along the shore. When local residents ask about their occupation, the group responds that they are
students.
Another such incident plays out in Colaba, when the remaining men come ashore at Badhwar Park,
Cuffe Parade. They reportedly tell local Marathi-speaking fishermen to mind their business before they
split up and head two different ways.
Two terrorists attack Leopold Cafe, spraying bullets onto the people inside before fleeing. 10 people
are killed and many are injured, including a Reuters news reporter. Terrorists also plant bombs in two
taxis, killing 5 people and wounding 15.
Four of the men enter the Taj Mahal Hotel, two enter the Oberoi Trident, two enter Nariman House,
and the other two men, Ajmal Kasab and Ismail, take a taxi to Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus.[3]
Armed with AK-47 rifles, Ajmal and Ismail enter the passenger hall of the Chhatrapati Shivaji
Terminus railway station, open fire and throw grenades,[8] killing 52 people and wounding 109[9]
Ajmal and Ismail then proceed to the Cama Hospital. The Hospital staff, noticing their approach, lock all
of the patient's rooms. The two men reach the Hospital, opening fire there. ATS chief Hemant

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 Karkare attempts to chase them in a jeep, but is gunned down, along with three of his men. The
terrorists then hijack the jeep and drive away, but are intercepted by a team from the Gamdevi police
station near the pedestrian bridge at Girgaum Chowpatty Ismail is killed and Kasab is arrested.

27-Nov-2008 to 29-Nov-2008

At the Taj Mahal Palace and Tower Hotel

Mumbai police surround the hotel.Massive blast in the central dome, fire in the building. Army soldiers
arrive in two trucks and enter the front lobby. Fire spreads across the top floor. Fire engines arrive.
Shooting is heard inside lobby and heritage building. Firemen rescue people with ladders. More than 200
people evacuated. Terrorists reported to move from central dome to new tower. Commandos and Bomb
squad arrive. Police step up pressure.[Fire brought under control but terrorists holed up in new tower with
100 to 150 hostages. Security forces say they are ready for encounter. Government also gives the green
signal to storm the hotel. People are brought out of the lobby. Another 50 people brought out of
Chambers Club. More rounds of firing, many more people reported to be still inside.

Gun battle reported from inside hotel. 50 people evacuated. Terrorists set fire to a room on the 4th floor
More National Security Guards (NSG) commandos arrive, enter hotel. Six bodies recovered. Ten grenade
explosions. Marine commandos recover explosives from Taj. 12 to 15 bodies recovered from the Taj by
naval commandos. Fresh explosions and gunshots at Taj Hotel. Report that one terrorist remains at the Taj.
Reports of five explosions at the Taj. The Taj Mahal Hotel is reported to be completely under government
control. Revised estimate of one terrorist remaining. Fire raging on first floor. Black smoke on second floor.
Gunshots heard frequently apparent gun battle. Indian commandos state that the Taj Hotel is now
under control though they are still conducting room to room searches.

At the Oberoi Trident

Police don't do anything because they were not allowed to take decision as situation was handed over to
NSG. Firing heard, top army, navy officers arrive and take stock. Two small explosions. More
reinforcements enter building. Some foreign hostages rescued. Sikh regiment arrives, fierce gun battle. 27
hostages exit Air India building, four foreigners taken to hospital. Explosion heard. Two NSG guards, 25
army personnel suspected injured. More people rescued, 31 in total. Fire breaks out on 4th floor. Many
hostages evacuated from the Trident building. Commando operations at Oberoi over, 24 bodies recovered.
143 hostages rescued alive. Two terrorists are shot dead.
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 At Nariman House
Police begin evacuating adjacent buildings. Cross firing between terrorists and police; one terrorist injured.
Terrorists throw grenade into nearby lane; no casualties. NSG commandos arrive, naval helicopter takes
aerial survey. 9 hostages are rescued from the first floor. NSG commandos are inserted via fast-rope from
helicopters onto the roof of Nariman house. To prevent an attack on the commandos, snipers are
positioned in nearby buildings. Commandos find all 6 hostages, including the rabbi and his wife, tortured
and murdered by the terrorists. NSG commandos kill the 2 terrorists in a fierce gun battle and declare the
operation over.

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HEROES OF 26/11 ATTACK ON MUMBAI
(website: http://www.storypick.com/bravery-of-mumbai-attack-heroes/)

Inspector Deepak Dhole One of the brave policemen who

ventured in the hotel that night as soon as he got the news of
terrorist attack. He was armed with a small gun with 30 rounds,
but fought bravely. His face was badly burnt and he couldnt go
out in the sun for 4 months after the attack

Sub-inspector Bhaskar Kadam Chief detective at DB Marg police

station, killed a terrorist and caught one alive on the night of
26/11. He was awarded with the Presidents medal for gallantry

Inspector Kishore K. Shinde This brave inspector spotted a bag

full of RDX at the entrance of Oberoi trident, and took immediate
action that saved hundreds of people
For what its worth, this man did not get any recognition for his
bravery. He was subsequently transferred to another police
station where he works just as any other officer.

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Additional commissioner of police Nagappa R Mahale The then
station inspector of D.B Marg police station, was the first person
to put up barricades near chowpatty. He gave the instructions to
double the number of barricades when the terrorist attack was
confirmed. Today he is in charge of crime records at the director
general of polices office. He is also the first Indian officer to
question Kasab,

Sanjay Govilkar The inspector who works for DB Marg police

station belongs to the team that caught Ajmal Kasab alive. For his
bravery he was awarded with the Presidents Medal for gallantry

Captain Amitendra Kumar Singh of the National Security Guard

While fighting bravely against the terrorist, a shrapnel from a
grenade hit Amitendras eye. A young hero with a brave heart who
did not care about his life and kept his mission going

National Security Guard Commando Sunil Kumar Yadav He had

only one thing on his mind- Marna ya maarna (kill or die). A
young father who says when you take a vow to protect the dignity
of your country, death doesnt look scary

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Sanjay Manjrekar Trained fireman and the officer-in-charge of
his fire station, had seen nothing like it in his entire 20 year old
career, but fought the fire bravely and helped save lives of many

Arun Raghunath Chitte Vijay Salaskars driver for 10 years also

died the same night just minutes after Salaskars death, by the
same terrorist. A brave and honest driver who did his bit in saving
the city from those horrendous terrorists

Vasant Prabhu He is a brave photographer and the perfect

example of putting duty ahead of everything. He captured photos
of Taj during the attack, thus maintaining millions of pixels of
evidence

Tajs hotel staff In an unpleasant situation like that, they gave

their first preference to their customers. This proves that they did
a great job and kept the guests safe and helped them in rescuing
from the hotel

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Deepak Kuntawala Finally not just Indians, but people from
different nationalities also helped to rescue people and get a grip
over the situation. A London based businessman rescued 150
people from the first floor of Taj by coming up with an impromptu
and smart plan
These are some of the most respectable and noble men in the
recent history of Mumbai. They have not only rescued people but
also saved the lives of many. We Salute them and respect them for
their efforts, sacrifices and immense bravery.

Late Havaldar Gajender Singh honoured with the Ashoka Chakra

award- An NSG commando who gave his life during the 2008
Mumbai Attacks while securing the Nariman House during
Operation Black Tornado

Sniffer Dog Prince was the knight in the shining armor of Mumbai
police. This black Labrador helped in deactivating four live bombs
and 17 hand grenades that night