Energy conversion and conservation

Understand

Energy is the ________________________ for doing work, It may exist in p_____________,

k____________, t_____________, e________________, c_________________, n__________, or other
various forms.

Energy
Energy of a system (such as a body) is defined as its _________________ to do work.

SI unit of energy is _____________________. Symbol ______. It is a _____________ quantity.

Energy can be c_______________ from one form to another. It can also be t____________________
from one body to another, through work done and/or heat exchanges.

Different forms of energy can co-exist in a body.

Examples of common energy forms:

Energy Examples
 Food
 Fuel such as wood, oil, petrol,
coal, kerosene
 Explosives such as dynamite
 Energy associated with atomic
bombs and nuclear reactors.
 Energy possessed by atoms or
molecules in the form of kinetic
and/or potential energy
 This energy is possessed by all
objects in motion.
 This energy is possessed by
objects due to its:
o Position, e.g. raised objects
o Condition e.g. stretched
elastic band.
 Energy associated with electro-
magnetic waves such as visible
light, radio waves, infra-red (IR)
radiation, ultraviolet (UV)
radiation, X-rays, gamma-rays
and microwaves.
  Energy manifested as the electric
current in air-con, toaster, oven,
lamps, power drills and fan.

Energy resources
Most of the energy we use is obtained from fossil fuels – C______, O______ and N____________
g____.
Once supplies of these fuels have been used up they cannot be replaced – they are N_______ -
R______________.

At current levels of use, oil and gas supplies will last for about another 40 years, and coal
supplies for about further 300 years. The development of R___________ resources of energy is
therefore becoming increasingly important.

The W________ is used to turn windmill-like turbines which generate electricity directly
from the rotating motion of its blades. Modern wind turbines are very efficient by you
would need several thousand to equal the generating capacity of a modern fossil-fuel power
station.

The motion of w________ can be used to move large floats and generate electricity. A very large
number of floats is needed to produce a significant amount of electricity.

Dams can be used to store water which is allowed to fall in a controlled way that generates
electricity. This is particularly useful in mountainous regions for generating H_____________
Power.

Plant material can be used as a b_______ fuel – either directly by burning it or indirectly. A
good example of indirect use is to ferment sugar can to make ethanol, which is then used as
an alternative to petrol. Waste plant material can be used in ‘biodigesters’ to produce
methane gas. The methane is then used as fuel.

G_______________ power is obtained using the h_______ of the Earth. In certain parts of the
world, water from hot springs which can be used directly for h________________. Water can
also be pumped deep into the ground to be heated.