NATIONAL JUNIOR COLLEGE INTEGRATED PROGRAMME PH401

Revision Exercise 2.1 Gas Law Assignment

Question 1c
P: Air molecules in the vessel are in constant random motion.
R: As temperature increases, the average kinetic energy of the particles increases.
This lead to an increase in speed of the particles. The frequency of collisions of
particles on the walls will increase, and the particles will collide onto the walls with
a higher average force. The pressure acting on the piston from the gas within the
syringe is greater than the atmospheric pressure acting on the piston.
O: Hence the piston is pushed upwards by the pressure imbalance.
OR Volume of gas increases to reduce the pressure of gas within the vessel until it
is equal to atmospheric pressure.

Question 2
P: Air molecules in the balloon are in constant random motion.
R:
The temperature of the air inside the balloon decreases as liquid nitrogen is
much lower in temperature.
As a result of the decreased temperature, the average kinetic energy of the
particles decreases.
This lead to an decrease in speed of the particles.
The frequency of collisions of particles on the walls will decrease,
and the particles will collide onto the walls with a lower average force.
Hence the total force by all the molecules colliding on the wall per unit area
decreases.
Thus, the pressure of the air inside the balloon decreases.
Due to the lower pressure of the air inside the balloon, the volume of the
balloon decreases until the pressure inside the balloon is equal to the
atmospheric pressure outside the balloon.
O: Hence the balloon shrinks when placed in a container filled with liquid nitrogen.

Alternatively, without using Kinetic model of matter

P: The ideal gas law states that Pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its
temperature, and inversely proportional to its volume.
R:
The balloon is placed in liquid nitrogen, the temperature of the gas
decreases,
o Note: Its temperature of gas, not temperature of gas particles. Gas
particles do not have a temperature macroscopic property (can be
measured using a thermometer), they only have kinetic energy
microscopic property (cannot be measured using an instrument)
 NATIONAL JUNIOR COLLEGE INTEGRATED PROGRAMME PH401
Revision Exercise 2.1 Gas Law Assignment

Hence pressure of the gas reduces such that it is less than atmospheric
pressure.
This causes the volume of the balloon to decrease so that the pressure of
gas would increase
Until the pressure of gas in the balloon is equal to atmospheric pressure.
O: Hence the balloon shrinks when placed in a container filled with liquid nitrogen.