PTT TSU ETT Se SUE Gage 7 UP. Vilas-Boas, F. Alves, A. Marques (eds.) revista portuguesa de ciéncias do desporto46 sal tnd spac: he °, ais en oh sas Subjec isthe more affected by MS, using normally « wheel- {har for the lopacemencs This is tellete inthe greater di ty during walking (asing to crutches). In figure # itis sbserved that in PRE, PREZ, and PRES, subject when walking notable o discriminate between the 3 grades of intensity Sowing smal diferences forthe HR of athe diffrent ats arene peep : could discriminate modestly |) then walking besween the 3 types of intensity for POS) and |) sith more aificlies for POS2 (ot berween 3 and 6), and POSS. Walkinz inthe water, for PRE] intensities were devel- the contrary than prescribed, decreasing HR when the der was 364. After the teatment, itis observed an improve ‘ent although with ficulties between intensities of 3 and 6 {220.05 Swimming before and after the treatment the subject sas ale to discriminate between the 8 ntennties (except in REI for intensities 3 and 6), although after ee trestmens this ferentaion was mote cleat. This subject seemed not to show Sica the order in which he dferent itensties were present fx The funciona limitations, greater inthis subject, dter- ‘ined the exscutions so thar the main problem to cscriminate the intensities was de to this problem more than fe the subj "ve perception tis was corroborated in the dares. The best revue were abeered inthe water mainly because tation $Hfec of te water allowed this subject co execute beter BY creasing the functional limitations Figure & HR showed by Subject 4 fo the pret epee tak tr can be argued that, when the aectation is moderate to high aes 2 to 4, tis casi to diseriminate intensities forthe ‘Ssks developed inthe watt, so that we hypothesize that Sdrostaic pressure favours subjects’ movements an, there fore, sub ects focusing on exerise perception rather than in |. caeteehnique. Alo, subject with more affectation 2 te 4) ‘sported in thlt dates that hak conditions elearyafet them sth inthe water they fel beter to exerise physical | CONCLUSIONS | Subjecs suffering MS can use RPE scales to better discrimi | Sate and produce diferen and individual exercise intensities | This an be especially useful to avoid APE 2: Specia and singular characteristics of water fivour percep ‘ona regulation of effort athough this is mediated by the eof tas and is domain bythe subject. Specie oa co ai asi Some fabs fr he sujet whe the ca fn i moderate 0” higher. borg G (1998). Bor’s perceived exertion and pain sales (Champaiga: Human Kinetics E De Castro A, Abad E.Bireena A, Rotger J rate (2000), sclerosis mip y fai. Anales (Sst. Sanita de Navarra) Big) 441-50 Edligh Buschoacher RM, Cox MJ, Lang WB, Winters KL 1 | [REFERENCES her DG (2004), Strategies to reduce hyperthermis in abu latory mulipie sclerosis patients. Long Term Eff Mes Implants, 14(6): 467-78. 4 Jonkers I, NuvensG, SeghersJ. Nuttin M. Spaepen A (2008) ‘Muscular effort in maliple sclerosis patent during powered wheelchair manoeuvres. Cin Biomech, 19(9): 828.38. 5- Lopes G, Baena PA (2003) Experenciaprécca de un pro- igrama de actividades acuticas pra discapacados motoios, 1 Congreso Mundial de Ciencias de la Actiidad Fisica yl Deporte Granads: Facultad de Ciencias dela Actividad Fsca¥ fe! Deport. Universicad de Gran, 215-22 6. Oken 8S Kishivama S, Zade!D. Beurdette D, Carlsen Hine M, Hugos C Kraemer DF Lawrence}. Mass M (2008. Randomized cantoles wal of yoga and exercise in rolpie Sclerosis. Neurology, 8 6a (11) 2056-64 ‘ Beecson © (2001) Exercise in 84 degrees F water fora patient with muleple slerosis. Phys Ther 81 (4) 1035-58 5. Xharder | (2000). Vademecum de kinesoiogia. Buenos Aires 5 Zabala M (2004) Influence ofa heart ate biofeedback based intervention program on exercise intent perception in e= ondary students. European Phd dissertation. Universi of Granada (Spain) and Liverpoo! John Moores University (UR) 1. Zifko UA (2008) Managenent of fatigue in patents wath multiple sclerosis. Drugs, 68(12): 1295-304 INJURIES INCIDENCE IN BRAZILIAN SWIMMERS OF DIFFERENT ‘STROKES [Alessandro Haupenthal, Gustavo Schuts, Caroline Rusche!, ine Faguin, Fabio Menezes, Suzana Pereira. Latrato of feseach bs Agate Biomechanics, Sante Caterina Sate Universi, Foriadpolis, Santa Catrina, Bre “The am of thie study was to deni the incidence, place and iagnosis of injuries in competitive Brszilan swimmers, according to the stroke The sample was composed Be 137 Compote elite swimmers. The instrument used was 3 mixing ‘questionnaire. Seven (51%) ofthe evaluates athletes sufired Some kindof injury. During competition. 18 athletes referees injury. The most affected segment was the shoulder S3%) and the tendinitis was the most Frequent diagnos (72%). ‘According to eat kind of stoke was verified: a) vend ‘vas the mos frequent ijury f= the Bott (80%). craw Soke (86%) and breaststroke (754) swimmers. For medley both the teninii athe muscle strain sere the mest observed injuries (39%) b) the most affected segmen: was ‘Shoulder for Une batter (0). backstroke (63%), ra (Ge) and mediey (4%) swimmers. The knee was che most affected segment forthe breaststroke simmers (62%). Kes Word: injuries, swimming, diferen: strokes, epidemiolo- Brae, ineldence INTRODUCTION ‘According o Ciullo ad Stevens (2), ete swimmers generally fre submited to 11 or more sessions of 2 hours of duration per ‘wevk. The sviauer males in average abo: 12000 m of sits per da: In eral swimming, during the wining. the athlete ea. Fes though 8 1010 cycles of arm t each stimming Foo, tial Feing about I mili of shoulder rotations por week (3),Thus, the competitive and high level swimming expose the ath letes wo situations of constant stresses. Thase innumerable ep ttitions of technical gstaes aid to an eminent factr to the Ualning. che unbalance between the work and the time of recover}, ate considerable predsponents far injuries. The accu- ‘lation of stressor microrauma ins repo ofthe body ‘depends on the movemen: that is executed by the athlete. For ‘example the arm and leg movernens in the erat stoke are ‘executed with physical valences and diferent mechanical requests than i breaststroke. Thus, ic can Be expected thatthe Accumblation of seressmicotrauma locates iferently for (ral and brea stroke, “To verify if thie differen muscular and mechanics requests ‘benseen the sim ses wl cause ferent forme of nary tie study was eared throop I alms to Sent the inidenc, the place and the dagnosis ote injuries in Brain elt swimmers 2ccding to the stroke though the descripsive epidemiology To erry through the sures of which injry is more common sccording to the strke ete first stp in a ork of injure pre ‘vention approaching eac> syle of differen form. once the diag nosis of which injury is more frequent for each sroke is made METHODS “The sudy was characterized as descriptive stay and the sam- ple was composed by 1 simmer tas pariipated of she Brailan Championship of Swimming ~Brsl's Trophy 2006, in Rio de Janeiro, Ry). The characteristics of the athletes are presented iTable 1 able 1 i acteristics of the suis Age Swim sar Years (9) (On) age Oy) ot pace Wes G3) es umber ake Female Somes 1 ‘Tho usd instrument 354 mixing questionnaire elaborated by the National Center of Sports Excellency forthe National Project "Champion Profie™, which objective was to identify the profile of Branlian athletes of several modalities in order 10 Improve the public politics of sports in Brazil In order ost late the sample participants the questionnaire hs a brick explanation about the investigated topics and the importance ofthe research, including the guarantee of the ansvers secrecy All the procedsres had been taken and of this form the ques tionnaire was applied during the events ‘The data collection was cried oot generally before the begin ring of each competition. though a previoss contac with ‘coaches and athletes. The questionnaire was answered a the ‘moment ofthe application when the athletes were able to do it with the researcher's accompaniment, who reressed doubts about the questions. Frm the gotten answers the dis base ‘vas formed and analyzes through the descriptive tases RESULTS With the questionnaire dats and fulfilling with te objective of. tracing ajuoile ofthe iscidence of the injuries in Braslian Sovimmers ofthe elite it was observed that from the 137 ath Tees, 70 (5199) had already suffered some injury We cross the data ofthe corpora region afleced withthe diagnosis ofthe injury to obra the mos: affected body region, and these data are in Table 2 fe Por Cen bees Su) Tae 2. Data of place oth body a gn fo form iri, feiy's Pst sk Mat sosay UBER Digs Tete BAO tiie SOE ‘The data between the place o she bod where the injury coecurred and the svi sve rein Tabe 3. Table 3. Date of the ays ads for he forme injuries Be see ety Bee Maas Mls Tal fait TW pr Am : Ce eee Tie r 7 Lower Ke 1 : : sky ee Tak =e is Ta oo ee “The dat between the diagnosis ofthe injury andthe sien syle are in Table 4 Table 4 Date ofthe digs and srk for he forme inj Disease Satake Col Sele Beane Moder Tou! Betas 3 : Mele lesahy pen gree ia s ‘ Incending to investigate the numberof inure athletes a che ‘moment of he questionnaire application or either, during the accomplishment ofthe competion twas invesigned inc dence ofeurent injury and respective place and diagnosis “The daa ofthe body region where the injury occered and the diagnosis of te ijury are ir Table 5 Fea Syms ‘ea pisci Inti alread Blanet athlew fumbs allied wast ain tendo: sepet effort this appre level, inthe the le Kame‘oa at Table 5, De of the by pion and diagnosis forthe cures fegee —Dignos Toss Back Morir Insabisy Spon To <<< The Se 5 a a in__ toe bas ‘The data between the body region whete the injury occurred and the svim syle forthe corent injuries, ae in Table & Tle 6 Dat ofthe bey region and tl of sin for th aren ure. fej Siete) ete! see aes a ‘The data berween the diagnosis andthe swim styl, forthe current Injuries, ae in Table 7 Table 7. Da ofthe dsgossand swim spe for he caren inj, acely—tuksrahe Cae Digs Ske Tena 2 Pa me aka i 2 Mosse see lest 1 Aeawsake edly Ta Discussion In his sacha ofthe athletes (70 athletes or 519%) had already suered some injury during its career in this spor Blane (1) report reat tequency of former injries tthe athletes with bigser competitive level and relate this bigger ‘numberof injuries the Biggest requirement in the traning allied to a bigger time of practice of these athletes. Tennis asthe former injury with bigger Incidence. Since endinits an injory characterized by stress located in the region of the tendon, tis credited tht the Biggest frequency of this injury is asociied withthe stzng and constant training lads ad the Fepetition of gestures that induces this dysfunction. ‘According wo Concatoro (3) the tendiits can result fom the ‘efor to which the athlete submits himself in she training In this research the percentage ofthis type of injury increased approximately in 20% with ch increase ofthe competitive level, passing from 84% in the athletes ofthe group 2 for 70% ‘nthe 3 Sul sesults indicate thatthe vendinii Is related to the lad inereas in the training. Studies of Blanch (1, Kammer, etal (5), Johnson, etl (4) confirm such rank emphasizing the cause of serine related o the high demand I the waning and 10 the gestures repeatabily numberof injures occurred was fe gules, real leas expecte, since this is a region of {reat requirement during the practice of this modality. The Same data was found be Blanch (1), Kammer, etal. (5) and Jansson, ea.) For the cra back and buttery stokes, tendinitis was the ‘main diagnosis and the mos ffcted teglon was the shoulder Tne utterfystvle the arm was also place with great inci ence of tern In these three ses of swim che upper [mb is very demanded during the execution of swim and i s ‘the main propellant for the displacement ofthe swimmer. For the breartstoke the tentinte tas also the mae frequent Injury even so the pice where occured more frequently sas the knee. In this sro, according to Ramos and Redondo (6), grea part ofthe propulsion of the swimmer is executes By the leg in which che swimmer cacies Uhrough ‘ery aggressive movement fo tis joint, moreover, this is exe ted sith pret frequency and intensity, What ends up stress tng the sructres of ths segment Inthe medle stroke there was the same disuibution of te nits in ee shoul ant muscular sini, probably bythe reat diversity of necessary alities for each ssi and, also, by the predominance af the swimmer in determined stoke, what demands from himslf gest eff for compensation in consid fed defconesrokes, in which ie eehnigue isnot 30 refined “The reering results tothe former injuees confi wat Iter ture paises (1.4 5,6) abou the concern withthe “swimmers shoulder” or shoulder tendinitis, ana sil with the knee oine ‘Those facts agree with the experience in swimming and point ‘ut that t must be emphasieed the Factors of taining and pre ‘tention a injuries in thas to joints that are commonly fected in the swim ‘About the frequency of njris the incidence of she cugrene tones was lesser than observes forthe former injuries, The most obteved pathology fo the to situations was tendinitis, {End the most feces teplons had been respectively the shou der, the knee andthe column, Concerning the localisation, for ‘he current injuries the distribution was similar tothe former injuries, even so observed greater incidence of njrie in the Column that in the presentation of the former injuries, This, high incidence of back injuries wae expected becuse according. te kammet et) this region i also very requested in Stvimming, main forthe Bute swimmers due tothe movements of trunk for peopulon. pial of this stim stroke ne region where the bigs CONCLUSION “There was a great percentage of injured athletes and the diag nosis ofthe injures points a with respect tothe biggest ence ofthe tendinitis, tha can bs provoked by repetitive ‘fons, suggesting more attention te the load of training nd the repeatability ofthe gestures. Abou the injury region, the biggest focus wa th shoulder followed bythe knee, what suggests bigger concern with such Joins dung the taining (fthis sports modality. In respect ro the swim stroke, for ravi, ack and buterfy shoulder tendinitis was the main Injury. Forth breaststroke the main diagnosis also was the tendinitis, even so the matr ced segment has beer the knee. Finally, for medioy there wa the same disuibution between ‘endinitis and muscular stan. Sor Con Ueep6Suph2 327-236 335REFERENCES 1 Bsneh P (2004). Consersatve managemen: of shoulder p in swimming. Proscal Therap in Spos. 5: 108-24 2 Cull |v, Sevens GC (1989). Prevention and treatment of Injores to the shoulder in svimming. Sports Sled. 7= 182-203 3: Coneaorro E (1995). Lesbes a natsto. Revista Brasileira ‘de Medicina do Esporee, 103) 85-93. 4 Johnson JN, Guavi j, Fredercson M 2003), Swimming bc rmachanicsandinury prevention. The Physician and Sportsmedicing S141) 41-38. EP kammer §, Young CC, Niediald MW (1989), Swimming injuries and ilinesses. The Physician and Sportsmedicin. 271g) 51-60 6 Ramos AIM, Redondo \' (1298). 0 joetho do nadasor de Peto ecologiaetratamente. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 46): 331338 EFFECT OF SWIMMING TRAINING ON LEFT VENTRICULAR DIMEN. ‘SIONS ANO FUNCTION IN YOUNG BOYS: Raquel Madeira'2, Marisa Trabulo Francisco Alves, José Gomes Pereira! Unies Laiona de Homies ¢ Toop, iss. Povagl lade de Morciade Huan, Universe Toni Liss Porag! Beth Hopital, Litho, Prag “The aim ofthe preset studs was to determine heeft of summing tsning on let verriula (LV) carne morphol tnd function in young boss. Antropemetsic measurements ted composition estimation and testing M-mode ané Doppler chcatdograpy were period ip 24 bows (1518 vears). 12 Svimmere and 12 age matched non shite (comtel group) Swimmers had higher rest stoke volume, LY end-sstlie vo Cmca 1 end-diastolic yom thar the contr! group. Fi Feet ofthe swamimers exhibited end-diastolic LV itera ier dimension abe normal (54a patamotes measured, adapuion to exercise mode induced cal “athlete's heat” wits dominance of volume and dame ter (eccentric LV bypertopiy ad ni changes in LN’ mass. The result supported the concept ofa inuence ef sexematic sseitming altiag onthe diastolic function As some bs Key Words: lft ventricular ypertoph:athlte’s| function. echocardiography InTRODUCTION Iris well established chat the cardiac muscle adapts to an ‘nerve hemodynamic lad along the spc ofthe ‘cherie raining a volume load lead to eccentric let venti Tar (8) hyperuophy and a presue load asseclated witha thickening of the vetecuat wall with unchanged interral ineasion inducing a concentric LV yperteophs (10 LLong-teem thetic taining associated with morphologic ‘ventricular remodeling which may be substantial tn ete ah Tees and vse the need for efferent! agnosis reearding structural fear diveas, especially hsperrophic eardsomup thy (12 13, 1), responsi for 1/3 of sudden deaths n youn lees (17), Wimaduls cardiac morpalogia’ and functor sdaptve changes air training are well documented, in cil ‘ren and young boys far less snformation is avalible (11 13), ‘espe the increasing involvement of young athletes i ites ‘Sve taining regimens, ile Is Knows about the inuence of {uch training on autonomic regulation and cardiac sructare nd fonction (18). The purpose ofthis study as to determine the efecto svimming traning on LV cardiac morphology and Function at rest young boys. METHODS Tisenty fur bors took par inthis study (able 1). They were ‘eparated inca wo groups: swimmers (SA) and contal roup (€) The swimmers performed 7 ~ 6 training Sessions a week, ‘about 110 min doration and with « velume of 5000 m ech 5°90 on aerobic zones, copether with some out of water preparation, predomimantiy muscular endurance weight tat Ing Both SA and CG groupe attended physical education ses. ‘ons a school, tice (00 min plus 45 min) or 3 times a week 35 min each. Table. Age, psa haracteriis and body composition of sbjets ‘BSA ody surface ne, BMI = boy mass inde BFP - bo fat peo; BEM ody fr mass, FEM fa: fre mas p05, "p= 00. Cant osp Swine NewsSD. Max Mn Ma ee en) ie seni) sists Is Zeman) Sea 9 el Sh) Loie@li M2 La s i 4 Ba oo ms PAog esr 5 a Fiudy —Sgs56 LL fi B +iso dimensionally guided M mode recordings were obtained parasternal n accordanee withthe recommendation oF the Rnnercan Society of Echocardiography (16) All he tessute srs wete performed hy the stne nvestsator. Left Yeu: + (4) wall thickness and internal diameter were obtained y positiouing the trackball cursor an the seen. The echecarh= Sophie parameters measured included: end-dastolie LY iter= fal chamber dimension (LVIDd),endrystoie LV sternal hamier dimension (IDs). posterior wall thickness PMT), Septal wall thickness (ST). LV ed-dhastlic volume (Led) LW end-systolic volume (L¥esV)- resting heart ate (HRY) anc cardiac output (Qo), Derived parameters were calculate ae fo lows relive eed-ceastoic wall dickness {RWTA) the que tient (PWT = ST)ALVUD, LY mass hy 0.8 x (1,08 (ST + PWT Lvl)’ - LvIDA) + 0,6 (7), LV volumes were obtained according to Techols formula (7/(24 + LVIDR) » WIDS) Shortening ration (FS 8) by tbe quotient (LVIEA — {vts)/AVIDa) 100 and the ejection fraction (EF 4) b TDV-TSV)/TDV) x 100 stroke volume (SV). Early (E) and Inte (A) diastolic peak filing velocities, disaceleraionE time (OT) and EA ratio were estimated by pulse wave Deprer eisurerments nthe # chamber apical View. Echocarsiographie diva was expressed in absolute unit and then sealed alomet= fall Yor anthropometric data - body mass (HD), eight) try surface ares (BSA), body fat percentage (BFP) and a ree sss (FEM) Exponents for aliomiric scaling were peesated w