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TM

Innovation in Learning

A A A A ENGLISH GRAMMAR

The passive
Lesson code: IKG6-NTBB-AI9Q-M INTERMEDIATE +

1 Presentation
Compare active and passive structures.

Active: I posted the letter on Monday. Passive: The letter was posted on Monday.
In the active sentence the subject (I) causes an action (posted the letter). In the passive sentence, the
cause of the action is unknown or unimportant - we only say what happens to the subject (the letter).
The passive is formed with the verb be (is/are/was/were etc.) + past participle (e.g. posted)
For a list of irregular past participle forms, go to http://linguahouse.com/r/1 or use your mobile
device to read the code below:

If we want to say who or what causes the action in a passive sentence, we use by:
The letter was posted by her father. He was hit by a motorbike.

If the verb in a passive sentence has two objects, we can begin with the second object or use to:
Active: The company gave me a new phone.
Passive: I was given a new phone. / A new phone was given to me.

We sometimes use get instead of be:

He nearly got run over by a car. My phone got stolen yesterday.
Get is used mainly in informal or spoken English to talk about things that happen or change
unexpectedly. We cannot say, for example, she gets liked by everyone.

Dialogue
A: His car was sold yesterday.
B: Really? Who bought it?
A: I don't know, but he got paid a lot of money for it.
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The passive
Innovation in Learning

A A A A ENGLISH GRAMMAR

2 Verbs in the passive

Complete the sentences using one of these verbs in the correct form:

clean hide hurt invite make teach write

1. Bread from flour and water.

2. I didn't see you at the party because I .
3. The office by the janitor every morning.
4. Nobody knows when the book .
5. John French at school when he was a child.
6. Did you hear about the accident this morning? Fortunately, only two people .
7. The burglar didn't find Janet's jewellery box because it under her bed.

3 Active or passive?
Complete the sentences with the verbs in the correct form (active or passive):

1. Tom's parents died when he was a child, so he (bring up) by his grandparents.
2. I liked your old Facebook profile picture. Why (you/change/it)?
3. My new photos (take) when I was on holiday in Spain.
4. I can't get in the house. The door (lock)!
5. The shop (close) every day at 5pm.
6. My wallet (steal) while I was at the bar. I think it was that man with the beard.
7. Somebody (steal) my wallet while I was at the bar. I'm never going back there again!
8. Alan (drive) everywhere. He loves his new car.
9. The president (drive) everywhere. He has his own private chauffeur.

4 Questions with the passive

Write questions using the passive.
When / the television / invent? When was the television invented?

1. When / the first website / build? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?

2. When / the telephone / invent? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
3. How often / the Olympics / hold? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
4. When / the first car / make? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
5. When /America / discover? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
6. Which leader / show / on Indian banknotes? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
Now try to guess the answers to the questions or work with a partner and ask/answer the questions.
Compare your answers to the correct answers on the next page. How close were you?
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Review your flashcards at least 3-5 times a week for 20 minutes to keep the material fresh in your memory.
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The passive
Innovation in Learning

A A A A ENGLISH GRAMMAR

1. The telephone was invented in 1876.

2. The Olympics are held every 4 years.
3. The first website was built in 1991.
4. The first car was made in 1886.
5. America was discovered in 1492.
6. Gandhi is shown on Indian banknotes.

5 Passive - mixed tenses and modal verbs

Transform the sentences below into the passive voice. In some sentences you can use `get' as well as
`be'.

1. Almost everybody uses a computer these days.

Computers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. A loud noise woke me up this morning.
I ......................................................................................
3. Somebody must tell him about the problem immediately!
He . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4. Nobody can complete this task in only one hour.
This task . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5. Many people have lost their jobs during this economic crisis.
Many jobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6. When did somebody write this letter?
When was . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7. Do you think they will discover a cure for cancer one day?
Do you think a cure for cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8. They didn't advertise the job offer on the Internet.
The job offer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9. My grandparents built this house over 60 years ago.
This house . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10. Nobody has seen her since last month.
She . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11. All the hotel staff are treating us really well.
We . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12. Has somebody found Jack's phone yet?
Has Jack's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6 Flashcard review
Don't forget what you learned in this lesson! Go to www.linguahouse.com, click `Learning English' and
enter Lesson code: IKG6-NTBB-AI9Q-M.
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Review your flashcards at least 3-5 times a week for 20 minutes to keep the material fresh in your memory.
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The passive - Key
Innovation in Learning

A A A A ENGLISH GRAMMAR

2- Verbs in the passive

1. is made 2. wasn't invited 3. is cleaned 4. was written

5. was taught 6. were hurt 7. was hidden

3- Active or passive?

1. was brought up
2. did you change it/have you changed it
3. were taken
4. is locked
5. closes
6. was stolen
7. stole
8. drives
9. is driven

4- Questions with the passive

1. When was the first website built?

2. When was the telephone invented?
3. How often are the Olympics held?
4. When was the first car made?
5. When was America discovered?
6. Which leader is shown on Indian banknotes?

5- Passive - mixed tenses and modal verbs

1. Computers are used by almost everybody these days.

2. I was/got woken up by a loud noise this morning.
3. He must be told about the problem immediately!
4. This task can't be completed in only one hour.
5. Many jobs have been lost during this economic crisis.
6. When was this letter written?
7. Do you think a cure for cancer will be/get discovered one day?
8. The job offer wasn't advertised on the Internet.
9. This house was built by my grandparents over 60 years ago.
10. She hasn't been seen since last month.
11. We are being treated really well by all the hotel staff.
12. Has Jack's phone been found yet?
LE

You can review this worksheet online at www.linguahouse.com/ex i

AB

Review your flashcards at least 3-5 times a week for 20 minutes to keep the material fresh in your memory.
PI

O
c
Linguahouse.com OC
P H OT