USE OF STARTER ENVIROSOLVE AND

BIODEKSTRAN TO PRODUCE BIOGAS FROM RAW

FIBRES KNOW
*
Dika Arya Prime, Anggrian Luckas Ebrianto, Tuti Beautiful Saris

Department Of Chemical Engineering Faculty Of Engineering University Of Sriwijaya

Jln. Raya Palembang Prabumulih km. 32 Inderalaya Ogan Ilir (OI) 30662

Email: ty_indahsari@yahoo.co.id; tutiindahsari@ft.unsri.ac.id

Abstract

Alternative energy which is used to reduce the use of fuel oil is not terbaharukan currently indispensable. This
research aims to get biogas that can be used as alternative energy, as well as looking for a capable starter type
used to produce biogas. The experiment was conducted by fermentation using starter envirosolve and
biodekstran with the fermentation time is 5, 6, 7, 8 days, and with the ratio of the Lees knew-water (30:70,
40:60, 50:50, 60:40, 70:30).Fermentation occurs in a typical analysis for digester is equipped with gas and
valve. The results of the analysis showed the fermentation using envirosolve generates methane levels better
than biodekstran. Levels of methane generated by the starter envirosolve of 0.98% at the time of fermentation 7
days with a 40:60 ratio and levels of methane generated by the starter biodekstran 0.92% at the time of
fermentation 7 days by a ratio of 50:50.

Keywords : biogas dregs fermentation starter, knows,

Abstract

Alternative energy is used to reduce the use of fuel oil is unrenewable currently indispansable. This research
aims to get the biogas that can be used on u.s. alternative energy, beside that to find kinds of starter capable of
producing biogas. The experiments is done by the use a fermentation starter envirosolve and biodekstran to the
fermentation time of 5, 6, 7, 8 dyas, and with the ratio of tofu waste-water (30:70, 40:60, 50:50, 60:40,
70:30. Fermentation take place inside typical analysis for digester has been equiped outline and gas valve. The
analysis result of this research Envirosolve methane produces better than starter Biodekstran starter. Volumes of
methane produced by envirosolve starter of 0.98% in the fermentation 7 days with a ratio of 40:60 and volumes
of methane produced by biodekstran starter of 0.92% in the fermentation 7 days with a ratio of 50:50.

Keywords : biogas, tofu waste, starter, fermentation

1. introduction

The rise in world oil prices caused the need to look for alternative energy to reduce the use of fuel oil
(unrenewable). One example, the potential of natural resources that could be developed into an alternative
energy source is coal, geothermal, streams, wind, the Sun and other sources sources derived from plants
growing, like a tree
the distance, as well as biogas energy derived from food industry wastes (Anthon and Inneke, 2008). In this
study, will be explained about biogas technology which is one energy source replacement for petroleum.

The Lees knew is waste containing organic ingredients with enough good nutrients for bacterial growth
metanogenik. The presence of metanogenik bacteria in reactor could cause the occurrence process of
Methanogenesis

Page 16 Chemical Engineering Journal No. 1, vol. 19, January 2013

that produces methane gas. Utilization of waste pulp know currently widely used as food for livestock. The
number of industries know in Indonesia reached 84,000 business unit. With a production capacity of more than
2.56 million tonnes per year, the industry knows it is producing solid and liquid waste by as much as 20 million
cubic meters per year and result in emissions of about 1 MT CO2 equivalents (Ministry of research &
technology, IPAL 2010).

This is based on research from previous research about "the creation of Biogas Dregs of Tofu with Starter
EM-4" (Anthon and Inneke, 2008). The research of EM-4 starter capable of producing biogas. Therefore, this
study aimed to look for an alternative starter besides EM-4 that can be used to produce biogas, as well as find
out the influence of the ratio of the number of comparisons the Lees knew with water and time of fermented
biogas generated levels.
The waste out of the process of making know consists of solid waste in the form of fibres that go from
the stage of filtration, as well as liquid waste from the process of soaking, washing, clotting, and printing. Dry
weight basis know contain 23.6 24% protein and 12% coarse fiber (Shurtleff and Aoyagi, 1979 in Witjaksono,
2005). In addition to the protein and fiber, the Lees knew also still contains fat 5.9% 67.5%, carbohydrates,
calcium and phosphorus 19% 29% (Suprapti, 2005).

According to Sri Moertinah (1994), estimated from 5 kg of soybean dregs will generate know as much as
8 kg, and the results of the analysis of the composition of the Lees knew can be seen in the following table.

Table 1. The characteristics of the content of the Lees knew and liquid waste per 100 grams of the Lees knew
and 100 ml of liquid waste
 Biogas is a gas produced by the anaerobic fermentation activity of organic ingredients including human
and animal feces, waste domsetik (household), biodegradable waste or any organic wastes that
are biodegradable under anaerobic (anonymous, 2008). Most of the biogas contains methane gas (CH4 )

and carbon dioxide (CO2), and some small number of content including Hydrogen Sulfide (H 2S), Ammonia
(NH3), hydrogen (H2) and Nitogen (N2) that its content is very small (Berly and eco, 2010).

The process of making biogas fermentation is carried out, namely the process of formation of methane
gas in anaerobic conditions with the aid of anaerobic bacteria in a typical analysis for digester-generated
methane gas so it will (CH4) and carbon dioxide gas (CO2) a larger volume of hydrogen gas (H2), nitrogen gas
(N2) acid and sulfide (H2S). The fermentation takes 7 to 10 days to produce biogas with optimum temperature
35 C and pH optimum in the range 6.4

7.9. Biogas-forming bacteria are anaerobic bacteria that is used, such as Methanobacterium and
Methanococcus Methanobacillus,, Methanosarcina (Price and Cheremisinoff, 1981).

The reaction of methane formation

organic materials that can be degraded with the help of enzymes or bacteria can be seen as follows:

Factors that affect the formation of biogas is carbon and nitrogen levels in the materials, moisture
content, the degree of acidity, temperature, stirring and digest the toxins (Fauziyah, 1996).

Type The Type Of Starter

Products of bacteria are a group of bacteria results parser modifications that have been given additional
nutrients that can help the process of decomposition of organic ingredients. The following meruapakan some
type of bacterial products, namely: parser
1) EM4
Em-4 is a mixed culture of microorganisms that are favourable for the growth of plants, was able to
increase the decomposition of waste and organic waste, accelerate the process of composting waste or animal
waste, increasing the availability of plant nutrients, as well as suppressing the activity of microorganisms attack
the pathogen. Em-4 consists of bacteria (genus lactobacillusbacteria

Chemical Engineering Journal No. 1, vol. 19, January 2013 Page 17

lactic acid-producing) in large quantities, as well as in the least amount of photosynthetic
bacterium streptomyces sp,and cultured microorganism the yeast in liquid medium at pH 4.5. Microorganisms
that are present in the aqueous amounts to 109/liter (Higa and Wididana in Anthon and Inneke, 2008).

2) Envirosolve

Is the solution concentration of the spectrum of Microbiology who worked in Bio-remediation

process. The concentration of these work with microbes eating the organic content in the waste water and it
becomes a form of liquid element breaks down. In the process of microbial continuous multiply and proliferate
during the food sources available. Active microbial colonies produce enzymes that help in providing needs
nutrition for microbes.

The content of this parser bacteria products, among others, as follows:

Amino Acids : 3 4%
Nitrogen (N2): 4 5%
Glucose : 6 7%
Microorganisms: 10 2 10 5 /ml
Microorganisms

a) Microbial celulitic, the carbolitic Parser, proteolitic

b) Lactobacillus sp.
c) Nitrogen Tire
d) Phospat Parser

(AryaCom Technology, 2009)

3) Biodekstran

Is a collection of probiotic bacteria (are profitable) and anaerobic (can live in conditions of insufficient
oxygen) and can elaborate on organic ingredients that are toxic (waste) into simple organic substances that do
not pollute the environment and eliminate smelly discharge. If applied to the waste can know complex organic
outlines (protein, carbohydrates and FAT) good solid or liquid organic substances that do not pollute the
environment simple biologically.

The content of the bacteria that is present on the bacterial products this parser, among others, as follows:
a) Nitrosomonas sp.
b) Nitrobacter sp.
c) Pseudomonas sp.
d) Bacillus sp.

(CV. Surya Pratama Scintillating, 2007)

2. METHODOLOGY

Materials used: The Lees knew who purchased from the manufacturer knew the field Tuesday, a big hill. Water
as the mixture of the Lees knew to be fermented. Starter (Envirolsolve and Biodekstran). Urea liquid stabilised
and the levels of nutrients for the C/N.

Tools used: A tank Digest ( typical analysis for digester) equipped with gas out and valve.
Variables are Initialized: Influence of variation of the comparison between the levels of the Lees knew with
water (70%: 30%, 60%: 40%, 50%: 50%, 40%: 60%, and 30%: 70%), the type of the used starter
(ENVIROSOLVE liquid bacteria and Biodekstran), as well as the influence of the length of time the
fermentation (5 days, 6 days, 7 days and 8 days) committed against the number of compositions of compounds
produced in biogas.

Chart Of The Procedure:

Page 18 Chemical Engineering Journal No. 1, vol. 19, January 2013

3. RESULTS and DISCUSSION

Biogas Production Results

Methane production from Fermented using the Starter Envirosolve

Methane production from Fermented using the Starter Biodekstran
 From the above image can be seen the best results biogas on the starter Envirosolve (Figure 1), obtained
on the composition of the Lees knew 40% and 60% water. With the percentage of mole day 5 of 0,61%, the 6th
day of 0,83%, 7th day of 0.98%, and day 8 of 0.74%. The best result of biogas on the starter Biodekstran
(Figure 2), obtained on the composition of 50% the Lees knew and 50% water. With the percentage of mole day
5 of 0.79%, the 6th day of 0.87%, 7th day of 0.92%, and day 8 of 0.86%.

The process of making biogas fermentation is carried out, namely the process of formation of methane
gas in anaerobic conditions with the aid of anaerobic bacteria in a typical analysis for digester-generated
methane gas so it will (CH4) and carbon dioxide gas (CO2) a larger volume of gas is hydrogen (H2), nitrogen gas
(N2) acid and sulfide (H2S). The fermentation takes 7 to 10 days to produce biogas with temperature

optimum 35 C and pH optimum in the range 6.4

7.9. Biogas formation of the bacteria used, i.e. anaerobic bacteria, such as Methanobacterium and
Methanococcus Methanobacillus,,.
In this research, used two kinds of type starter as a comparison of the results obtained biogas. Where
each starter is blended into the dregs of tofu with various compositions have been determined. At a time when
raw materials income process also done penambahkan urea into the typical analysis for digester, it is done to
balance the levels of C/N in order to support the production of biogas is produced.

Biogas sampling results fit into plastic bags. It is intended to simplify the analysis process by using Gas
Chromatograph (image attached). These plastic bags, which will be connected to a Gas Chromatograph by
using a hose connecting.

The results of the analysis using Gas Chromatograph shows biogas research contains compounds
compounds such as CH 4 , CO 2 , H 2 , O 2 , and N 2 (Attached at Appendix B). It can be inferred that the starter
envirosolve and the biodekstran can produce biogas as expected. This review of the research prior to this, where
the biogas dregs of tofu with starter EM-4 also produce gas with the same composition (CH4 = 6,93%; CO2 =
9,82%; H2 = 1.25%; O2 = 10,38%; and N2 = 68,42%) (Anthon and Inneke, 2008).

The reaction in the metanogenis is as berkut:

CH 3 COOH CH 4 + CO. 2

2 h 2 + CO. 2 CH4 + 2 h2O

4. CONCLUSION

1) Second starter (biodekstran and envirosolve liquid bacteria) can be used to produce biogas.

2) Starter I (Liquid Bacteria) maximal results obtained on the composition of 40:60, with the percentage of
biogas 0.98%.
3) The Starter II (Biodekstran) gained the most on the composition of the 50:50, with the percentage of biogas
0.92%.
4) Biogas formation Time best starter I (Liquid Bacteria) as well as the starter II (Biodekstran) occurred on day
7.
Chemical Engineering Journal No. 1, vol. 19, January 2013 Page 19

5) The results obtained in terms of the manufacture of biogas fermentation process using Liquid starter Bacteria
better than using the starter Biodekstran.

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The Lees Knew Against Value Added

Body Weights Of The Goat Beans Females

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