MULTIPLE CHOICE

QUESTIONS in

COMPREHENSIVE REVIEWER IN
COMMUNICATIONS
ENGINEERING
Philander U. Lomboy, ECE
Benedetto D. Villanueva, ECE
dB/NOISE

Multiple choice. Encircle the letter which corresponds to your answer.

1. A current change that is equal to twice its original value will correspond to a change of
a. 3 dB
b. 9 dB
c. 10 dB
d. 6 dB
2. What does a power difference of -3dB mean?
a. A loss of one third of the power
b. A loss of one-half of the power
c. A loss of 3 watts of power
d. No significant change
3. A gain of 60 dB is the same as a gain of
a. 10 volts/volt
b. 100 volts/volt
c. 1000 volts/volt
d. 10,000 volts/volt
4. ______ is mathematically equal to the logarithm to the base ten of the power ratio P1
over P2.
a. bel
b. dB
c. bel/10
d. dB/2
5. Noise that is produced by the active components within the receiver.
a. Thermal
b. External
c. Internal
d. White
6. Noise due to random variation in the arrival of charge carriers at the output electrode of
an active device
a. Shot
b. Impulse
c. Thermal
d. Dynamic
7. A network has a loss of 20 dB. What power ratio corresponds to this loss
a. 0.01
b. 0.1
c. 10
d. 100
8. A receiver connected to an antenna whose resistance is 60 ohms has an equivalent noise
resistance of 40 ohms. Calculate the receivers noise figure in decibels and its equivalent
noise temperature.
a. 1.67 & 194K
b. 2.23 & 194K
c. 1.67 & 174K
d. 2.23 & 194K
9. _____ Noise is the most prevalent noise found in urban areas and is normally caused by
the arc discharge from automobile or aircraft ignition systems, induction motors,
switching gears, high voltage lines and the like.
a. Industrial
b. Johnson
c. Flicker
d. Mixer
10. The noise figure of a totally noiseless device is
a. Unity
b. Infinity
c. Zero
d. 100
11. Indicate the noise whose source is in a category different from that of the other three.
a. Solar
b. Cosmic
c. Atmospheric
d. Galactic
12. The ratio(in dB) of the power of a signal at point to the power of the same signal at the
reference point.
a. Transmission Level Point
b. Noise Figure
c. S/N Ratio
d. Neper
13. A network has a power gain of -3dB. If the input power is 100 watts, the output power is
a. 50 watts
b. 55 watts
c. 60 watts
d. 62 watts
14. Which of the following types of noise becomes of great importance at high frequencies?
a. Shot
b. Random
c. Impulse
d. Transmit time
15. The input current of a network is 190 uA and the output is 1.3 uA. The loss in decibels is
a. 20.2
b. 21.6
c. 28.6
d. 43.3
16. If a network connected in series have a gain of -0.5 dB, -0.3dB, -2dB and 6.8dB, the
overall gain is
a. 2 dB
b. -2dB
c. 4 dB
d. -4dB
17. What is the gain, in dB, if the output to input ratio is 1000.
a. 20
b. 30
c. 40
d. 10
18. The following characteristics of noise exept
a. Unwanted energy
b. Predictable in character
c. Present in the channel
d. Due to any cause
19. The equivalent noise temperature of the amplifier is 25 K what is the noise figure?
a. 10.86
b. 1.086
c. 0.1086
d. 1.86
20. A receiver connected to an antenna whose resistance is 50 ohms has an equivalent noise
resistance of 30 ohms. What is the receivers noise temperature?
a. 464K
b. 754K
c. 400K
d. 174K
21. A theoretical antenna has a gain of 1dB. Its gain in nepers is
a. 8.686
b. 0.1151
c. 6.868
d. 0.5111
22. What is the equivalent output of a circuit in dBm, if it has an output of 10 watts?
a. 10 dBm
b. 30dBm
c. 20dBm
d. 40dBm
23. An amplifier with an input resistance of 1000 ohms is operating over a 4 MHz bandwidth.
Calculate the rms voltage if the amplifier is operating at 27 C.
a. 8.14 nV
b. 8.14 uV
c. 6.6 nV
d. 6.6 uV
24. The value of a resistor creating thermal noise is doubled. The noise power generated is
therefore
a. Halved
b. Quadrupled
c. Doubled
d. Unchanged
25. One of the following is not a useful quantity for comparing the noise performance of
receivers.
a. Input noise voltage
b. Equivalent noise resistance
c. Noise temperature
d. Noise figure
26. Any unwanted form of energy that tends to interfere with the wanted signal is called
a. Noise
b. Spectrum
c. Radiation
d. Absorption
27. The correct symbol for decibel is
a. DB
b. dB
c. Db
d. db
28. _____ is the noise created outside the receiver.
a. Internal
b. External
c. Shot
d. Industrial
29. _____ is the noise created by man.
a. Solar
b. Industrial
c. Extraterrestrial
d. Galactic
30. A voltage change that is equal to twice its original value correspond to a change of
a. 3dB
b. 6dB
c. 9dB
d. 10dB
31. Indicate the voltage level in dB with reference to one volt. This unit is used in video or
TV measurement
a. dBW
b. dBk
c. dBm
d. dBV
32. which of the following is not an actual amount of power?
a. dB
b. dBm
c. dBw
d. dBk
33. In noise analysis, the reference temperature is
a. 75 K
b. 250 K
c. 290 K
d. 300 K
34. Noise from distant panels, stars, galaxies and other celestial objects are called
a. Cosmic
b. Extraterrestrial
c. Galactic
d. Black body
35. Indicate which one of the following types of noise does not occur in transistors
a. Shot noise
b. Flicker noise
c. Partition noise
d. Resistance noise
36. Which of the following is not a source of space noise
a. Sun
b. Star
c. Lightning
d. Black body
37. Noise that is due to the random and rapid motion of the charge carriers inside a resistive
component.
a. Johnson
b. Thermal Agitation
c. White
d. All of the above
38. Indicate the false statement. The square of the thermal noise voltage generated by a
resistor is proportional to
a. Its resistance
b. Its temperature
c. Boltzmanns Constant
d. The bandwidth over which it is measured
39. In a communication system, noise is likely to affect the signal
a. At the transmitter
b. In the channel
c. In the information source
d. At the destination
40. The noise power generated by a resistor is proportional to
a. Temperature
b. Bandwidth
c. a and b
d. NOTA
41. Thermal noise is also known as
a. Gaussian Noise
b. White Noise
c. Johnson noise
d. All of the above
42. This type of noise has a power spectrum which decreases with increasing frequency. It is
most important at low frequencies from 0 to about 100 Hz).
a. Shot noise
b. Flicker noise
c. Diode noise
d. BJT noise
43. Industrial noise extends up to what frequency?
a. 500 MHz
b. 500 GHz
c. 500 THz
d. 500 KHz
44. Impulse Noise is
a. A function of current
b. A shot duration pulse
c. Dependent of frequency
d. Dependent of temperature
45. When the power ratio of the output to input of a circuit is 200. What is the gain in dB?
a. 23
b. 46
c. -23
d. -46
46. What is the reference level for random noise measurement, FIA weighted?
a. -82 dBm
b. -90 dBm
c. -85 dBm
d. -77 dBm
47. A 10 dB pad has an output level of -3 dBm. The level at the input is:
a. 13 dBm
b. -7 dBm
c. 1 dBm
d. 7 dBm
48. The sum of three signals of 45dBm each is ______ dBm.
a. 45
b. 135
c. 20
d. 50
49. It is characterized by high amplitude peaks of short duration in the total noise spectrum
a. Intermodulation voice
b. Impulse noise
c. Dropout
d. Phase hits
50. Originally was determined by measuring the interfering effect of noise in a Type 144
handset. A tone of 1 kHz, having a power level of 90dBm was selected as the reference
level.
a. Noise figure
b. S/N ratio
c. Signal Figure
d. Figure of Merit
51. A power level of 50 uW could be expressed as:
a. 1.39 dBm
b. -4.3 dBm
c. 1 dBm
d. -13 dBm
52. If a power of 0.25mW is launched into a fiber system with an overall loss of 15 dB the
output power would be:
a. 250 u/W
b. 31.6 uW
c. 7.9 uW
d. 15 dBm
53. A system having an input power of 2 mW an output power of 0.8mW has a loss of:
a. 2.98 dBm
b. 3.98 dB
c. 3.98 uW
d. 1.98 mW
54. An output of -10 dB means that the power has been
a. Halved in value
b. Increased by a factor of 10
c. Reduced by a factor of 10
d. Doubled
55. Any unwanted form of energy interfering the reception of wanted signal is called
a. Noise
b. Sideband
c. Harmonics
d. Modulation
56. Is the reduction of signal amplitude as it passed over the transmission medium.
a. Noise
b. Distortion
c. Attenuation
d. Interference
57. Signal waveform perturbation or deviation caused by imperfect response of the system to
the desired signal
a. Noise
b. Aliasing
c. Distortion
d. Interference
58. Signal attenuation can be corrected by
a. Filtering
b. Modulation
c. Equalization
d. Amplification
59. Distortion in a waveform can be corrected by
a. Filtering
b. Modulation
c. Equalization
d. Amplification
60. Signal contamination by extraneous or external sources, such as, other transmitters,
power lines, and machinery.
a. Noise
b. Distortion
c. Harmonics
d. Interference
61. Man-made or industrial noise is also known as
a. Noise
b. Distortion
c. Interference
d. Thermal Noise
62. The noise performance of a receiver or circuit. It is expressed as ratio of the S/N power at
the output.
a. Noise figure
b. S/N ratio
c. Signal figure
d. Figure of merit
63. Noise that is caused by natural disturbances such as lightning discharge.
a. Static noise
b. Space noice
c. Atmospheric noise
d. A or C
64. Atmospheric or static noise becomes less severe at frequencies
a. Below 30 KHz
b. Between 30 KHz and 300 KHz
c. Between 300 KHz and 30 MHz
d. Above 30 MHz
65. Considered as space noise or extraterrestrial noise
a. Solar noise
b. Cosmic noise
c. Black-body noise
d. All of the above
66. Which statement is true
a. Industrial noise is usually of impulse type
b. Distant stars produce atmospheric noise
c. Active switches are sources of man-made noise
d. Static noise is due to lightning discharges and other natural electric disturbances
occurring in the atmosphere.
67. Noise performance of microwave system is usually expressed in terms of
a. Noise voltage, Vn=
b. Noise power, Pn = KTB
c. Noise temperature, Te = (F 1)290
d. Noise figure, F = (S/N)I / (S/N)o
68. Which circuit contributes most to the noise at the receiver?
a. RF amplifier
b. Mixer
c. Detector
d. Local Oscillator
69. Which noise figure represents the lowest noise?
a. 1.5 dB
b. 2.0 dB
c. 3.7 dB
d. 4.1 dB
70. Denote the interference of noise in dB above an adjusted reference noise. The adjusted
reference noise level was a 1 kHz tone, set at -85 dBm
a. dBa
b. dBm
c. dBa0
d. pWp
71. The extent of noise referred to a test tone level of zero dBm.
a. dBa
b. dBm
c. dBa0
d. pWp
72. An amplifier operating over a 4 MHz bandwidth has a 100 input resistance and is
operating at 300K. Determine the noise power generated.
a. 1.656 x 10-14 Watts
b. 1656 nW
c. 1.656 pW
d. 1.656 uW
73. Generally used when noise readings are measured using the C-message weighting
network. The reference level was 1 kHz tone, set at -90 dBm
a. dBa
b. dBm
c. dBaO
d. dBmC
74. The measurement of noise was made with a C-message filter, and the reading is taken at
a test point where the level is zero dBm.
a. dBaO
b. dBmCo
c. dBa
d. dBmC
75. Which of the following is not an important cause of distortion in DC signaling
a. line resistance
b. line inductance
c. line capacitance
d. all of the above
76. There are a number of different sources of radio noise, the most important being
a. Galactic noise
b. Man-made noise
c. Atmospheric noise
d. All f the above
77. The amount of noise power is measured using a psophometric weighting network. This
unit of measurement is generally used in Europe where the standard reference tone is 800
hertz, 1 picowatt.
a. dBa
b. dBm
c. dBaO
d. pWp
78. Noise produced mostly by lightning discharges in thunderstorms.
a. White noise
b. Industrial noise
c. Atmospheric noise
d. Extraterrestrial noise
79. Propagation of man made noise is chiefly by
a. Transmission over power lines and by ground wave
b. Space wave
c. Sky wave
d. None of these
80. A more precise evaluation of the quality of a receiver as far as noise is concerned
a. S/N
b. VSWR
c. Noise factor
d. Noise margin
81. NIF stands for
a. Non-intrinsic figure
b. Noise interference figure
c. Noise improvement factor
d. Narrow intermediate frequency
82. External noise fields are measured in terms of
a. Dc values
b. Rms values
c. Peak values
d. Average values
83. Form of interference caused by rain, hail, snow or dust storms
a. Shot noise
b. Galactic noise
c. Impulse noise
d. Precipitation static
84. Extra-terrestrial noise is observable at frequencies from
a. 0 to 20KHz
b. 8 MHz to 1.43 GHz
c. 5 to 8 GHz
d. 15 to 160 MHz
85. Industrial noise is observable from
a. 15 to 160 MHz
b. 200 to 3000 MHz
c. 0 to 10 kHz
d. 8 Mhz to 1.43 GHz
86. Noise that becomes significant at VHF range and above
a. Atmospheric
b. Transit-time
c. Galactic
d. White
87. Noise figure for an amplifier with noise is always
a. 0 dB
b. Infinite
c. Less than 1
d. Greater than 1
88. The noise generated by the tube, transistor or integrated circuit in an amplifier.
a. White noise
b. Amplification noise
c. Active noise
d. Dynamic Noise
89. Electrical noise inherent to a particular device, circuit or system that remains when no
other signal is present.
a. Shot noise
b. Thermal noise
c. Background noise
d. Static noise
90. A wideband form of impulse noise generated by the electric arc in the spark plugs of an
internal combustion engine. This noise is a common problem in mobile radio system.
a. Thermal noise
b. Shot noise
c. Amplification noise
d. Ignition noise
91. The amount of power in dB referred to one Kilowatt
a. dBW
b. dBk
c. dBm
d. Dbv
92. Noise in any form of electromagnetic interference that can be traced to non-natural
causes.
a. Man-made noise
b. Distortion
c. External noise
d. Internal noise
93. The frequency range wherein noise is said to be intense.
a. Noise equivalent bandwidth
b. Spectral response
c. Cut-off frequency
d. Noise cut-off frequency
94. Refers to the temperature that corresponds to the spectral energy distribution of a noise.\
a. Absolute temperature
b. Temperature band
c. Noise-equivalent temperature
d. Critical temperature
95. A passive circuit, usually consisting of capacitance and/or inductance, that I inserted in
series with the a-c power cord of an electronic device which will allow the 60-Hz current
to pass and suppressed high frequency noise components.
a. Noise filter
b. Noise limiter
c. Noise floor
d. Noise quieting
96. What do you call the level of background noise, relative to some reference signal.
a. Noise figure
b. Minimum noise
c. Reference noise
d. Noise floor
97. A circuit often used in radio receivers that prevents externally generated noise from
exceeding amplitude. They are also called noise clippers
a. Noise floor
b. Noise filter
c. Noise limiter
d. Noise clamper
98. It is referred to as a short burst of electromagnetic energy.
a. Pulse
b. Noise pulse
c. Spike
d. Noise floor
99. The reduction of internal noise level in a frequency-modulated (FM) receiver as a result
of an incoming signal.
a. Noise quieting
b. Noise limiting
c. Noise suppression
d. Noise degredation
100. Noise generated within electronic equipment by either passive or active components.
a. Shot noise
b. Thermal noise
c. Circuit noise
d. External noise
Modulation

Multiple choice. Encircle the letter which corresponds to your answer.

1. Having an information signal change some characteristic of a carrier signal is called

a. Multiplexing
b. Modulation
c. Duplexing
d. Linear mixing
2. Which of the following is not true about AM?
a. The carrier amplitude varies.
b. The carrier frequency remains constant.
c. The carrier frequency changes.
d. The information signal amplitude changes the carrier amplitude.
3. The opposite of modulation is
a. Reverse modulation
b. Downward modulation
c. Unmodulation
d. Demodulation
4. The circuit used to produce modulation is called
a. Modulator
b. Demodulator
c. Variable gain amplifier
d. Multiplexer
5. A modulator circuit performs what mathematical operation on its two inputs?
a. Addition
b. Multiplication
c. Division
d. Square root
6. The ratio of the peak modulating signal voltage to the peak carrier voltage is referred to
as
a. The voltage ratio
b. Decibels
c. The modulation index
d. The mix factor
7. If m is greater than 1, what happens?
a. Normal operation
b. Carrier drops to zero
c. Carrier frequency shifts
d. Information signal is distorted
8. For ideal AM, which of the following is true?
a. m = 0
b. m = 1
c. m < 1
d. m > 1
9. The outline of the peaks of a carrier has the shape of the modulating signal and is called
the
a. Trace
b. Waveshape
c. Envelope
d. Carrier variation
10. Overmodulation occurs when
a. Vm > Vc
b. Vm < Vc
c. Vm = Vc
d. Vm = Vc = 0
11. The values of Vmax and Vmin as read from an AM wave on oscilloscope are 2.8 and 0.3.
the percentage of modulation is
a. 10.7 %
b. 41.4 %
c. 80.6 %
d. 93.3 %
12. The new signals produced by modulation are called
a. Spurious emissions
b. Harmonics
c. Intermodulation products
d. Sidebands
13. A carrier of 880 kHz is modulated by a 3.5 kHz sine wave. The LSB and USB are,
respectively,
a. 873 and 887 kHz
b. 876.5 and 883.5 kHz
c. 883.5 and 876.5 kH
d. 887 and 873 kHz
14. A display of signal amplitude versus frequency is called the
a. Time domain
b. Frequency Spectrum
c. Amplitude Spectrum
d. Frequency Domain
15. Most of the power in an AM signal is in the
a. Carrier
b. Upper sideband
c. Lower sideband
d. Modulating signal
16. An AM signal has a carrier power of 5 W. the percentage of modulation is 80% the total
sideband power is
a. 0.8 W
b. 1.6 W
c. 2.5 W
d. 4.0 W
17. For 100 % modulation, what percentage of power is in each sideband?
a. 25 %
b. 33.3 %
c. 50 %
d. 100 %
18. An AM transmitter has a percentage of modulation of 88. The carrier power is 440 W.
The power is 440W. The power in one sideband is
a. 85 W
b. 110 W
c. 170 W
d. 610 W
19. An AM transmitter antenna current is measured with no modulation and found to be 2.6
amperes. With modulation, the current rises to 2.9 amperes. The percentage of
modulation is
a. 35 %
b. 70 %
c. 42 %
d. 89 %
20. What is the carrier power in the problem above if the antenna resistance is 75 ohms?
a. 195 W
b. 631 W
c. 507 W
d. 792 W
21. In an AM signal, the transmitted information is contained within the
a. Carrier
b. Modulating signal
c. Sidebands
d. Envelope
22. An AM signal without the carrier is called a(n)
a. SSB
b. Vestigial sideband
c. FM signal
d. DSB
23. What is the minimum AM signal needed to transmit information?
a. Carrier plus sidebands
b. Carrier only
c. One sideband
d. Both sideband
24. The main advantage of SSB over standard AM or DSB is
a. Less spectrum space is used
b. Simpler equipment is used
c. Less power is consumed
d. A higher modulation percentage
25. In SSB, which sideband is the best to use?
a. Upper
b. Lower
c. Neither
d. Depends upon the use
26. The typical audio modulating frequency range used in radio and telephone
communication is
a. 50 Hz to 5 kHz
b. 50 Hz to 15 kHz
c. 100Hz to 10kHz
d. 300 Hz to 3 kHz
27. An AM signal with a maximum modulating signal frequency of 4.5 kHz has a total
bandwidth of
a. 4.5 kHz
b. 6.75 kHz
c. 9 kHz
d. 18 kHz
28. The modulation system used for telegraphy is
a. Frequency-shift keying
b. Two-tone modulation
c. Pulse-code modulation
d. Single-tone modulation
29. The process of translating a signal, with or without modulation, to a higher or lower
frequency for processing is called
a. Frequency multiplication
b. Frequency division
c. Frequency shift
d. Frequency conversion
30. Frequency translation is carried out by a circuit called a
a. Translator
b. Convertor
c. Balanced modulator
d. Local oscillator
31. An input signal of 1.8 MHz is mixed with a local oscillator of 5 MHz. A filter selects the
difference signal. The output is
a. 1.8 MHz
b. 3.2 MHz
c. 5 MHz
d. 6.8 MHz
32. One type of pulse communications system uses pulse that appear as a group, and which
vary in number according to the loudness of the voice. This type of pulse modulation is
called
a. Pulse duration modulation
b. Pulse amplitude modulation
c. Pulse code modulation
d. Pulse position modulation
33. An SSB transmitter produces a 400-V peak to peak signal across a 52- antenna load.
The PEP output is
a. 192.2 W
b. 384.5 W
c. 769.2 W
d. 3077 W
34. The output power of an SSB transmitter is usually expressed in terms of
a. Average power
b. RMS power
c. Peak-to-peak power
d. Peak envelope power
35. The letter-number designation B8E is a form of modulation also known as
a. Pilot-carrier system
b. Independent sideband emission
c. Lincomlex
d. Vestigal sideband transmission
36. Amplitude modulation is the same as
a. Linear mixing
b. Analog multiplication
c. Signal summation
d. Inductor
37. In a diode modulator, the negative half of the AM wave is supplied by a(n)
a. Tuned circuit
b. Transformer
c. Capacitor
d. Inductor
38. Amplitude modulation can be produced by
a. Having the carrier vary a resistance
b. Having the modulating signal vary a capacitance
c. Varying the carrier frequency
d. Varying the gain of an amplifier
39. Amplitude modulators that vary the carrier amplitude with the modulating signal by
passing it through an attenuator work on the principle of
a. Rectification
b. Resonance
c. Variable resistance
d. Absorption
40. The component used to produce AM at very high frequencies is a
a. Varactor
b. Thermistor
c. Cavity resonator
d. PIN diode
41. Amplitude modulation generated at a very low voltage or power amplitude is known as
a. High-level modulation
b. Low-level modulation
c. Collector modulation
d. Minimum modulation
42. A collector modulator has a supply voltage of 48 V. The peak-to-peak amplitude of the
modulating signal for 100 percent modulation is
a. 24 V
b. 48 V
c. 96 V
d. 120 V
43. A collector modulated transmitter has a supply voltage of 24 V and collector current of
0.5 A. The modulator power for 100 percent modulation is
a. 6 W
b. 12 W
c. 18 W
d. 24 W
44. The circuit that recovers the original modulating information from an AM signal is
known as a
a. Modulator
b. Demodulator
c. Mixer
d. Crystal set
45. The most commonly used amplitude demodulator is the
a. Diode mixer
b. Balanced modulator
c. Envelope detector
d. Crystal filter
46. A circuit that generates the upper and lower sidebands but no carrier is called a(n)
a. Amplitude modulator
b. Diode detector
c. Class C amplifier
d. Balanced modulator
47. The inputs to a balance modulator are 1 MHz and a carrier of 1.5 MHz. The outputs are
a. 500 kHz
b. 2.5 MHz
c. 1.5 MHz
d. Both a and b
48. A widely used balanced modulator is called the
a. Diode bridge circuit
b. Full-wave bridge rectifier
c. Lattice Modulator
d. Balanced bridge modulator
49. In a diode ring modulator, the diodes act like
a. Variable resistors
b. Switches
c. Rectifiers
d. Variable capacitors
50. The output of a balanced modulator is
a. AM
b. FM
c. SSB
d. DSB
51. The principal circuit in the popular 1496/1596 IC balanced modulator is a
a. Differential amplifier
b. Rectifier
c. Bridge
d. Constant current source
52. The most commonly used filter in SSB generators uses
a. LC network
b. Mechanical resonators
c. Crystals
d. RC networks and op amps
53. The equivalent circuit of a quartz crystal is a
a. Series resonant circuit
b. Parallel resonant circuit
c. Neither a nor b
d. Both a and b
54. A crystal lattice filter has crystal frequencies of 27.5 and 27.502 MHz. The bandwidth is
approximately
a. 2 kHz
b. 3kHz
c. 27.501 MHz
d. 55.502 MHz
55. An SSB generator has a sideband filter centered at 3.0 MHz. The modulating signal is
3kHz. To produce both upper and lower sidebands, the following carrier frequencies must
be produced:
a. 2.7 and 3.3 MHz
b. 3.3 and 3.6 MHz
c. 2997 and 3003 kHz
d. 3000 and 3003 kHz
56. In the phasing method of SSB generation, one sideband is canceled due to
a. Phase shift
b. Sharp selectivity
c. Carrier suppression
d. Phase inversion
57. A balanced modulator used to demodulate a SSB signal is called a(n)
a. Transporter
b. Product detector
c. Converter
d. Modulator
58. Frequency translation is done with a circuit called a
a. Summer
b. Multiplier
c. Filter
d. Mixer
59. The inputs to a mixer are fo and fm. In down conversion, which of the following mixer
output signals is selected?
a. Fo
b. Fm
c. Fo fm
d. Fo + fm
60. Mixing for frequency conversion is the same as
a. Rectification
b. AM
c. Linear summing
d. Filtering
61. Which of the following can be used as a mixer?
a. Balanced modulator
b. FET
c. Diode modulator
d. All the above
62. The desired output from a mixer is usually selected with a
a. Phase-shift circuit
b. Crystal filter
c. Resonant circuit
d. Transformer
63. The amount of frequency deviation from the carrier center frequency in an FM
transmitter is proportional to what characteristic of the modulating signal?
a. Amplitude
b. Phase
c. Angle
d. Duty Cycle
64. Both FM and PM are types of what kind of modulation?
a. Amplitude
b. Phase
c. Angle
d. Duty Cycle
65. If the amplitude of the modulating signal decreases, the carrier deviation
a. Increases
b. Decreases
c. Remains constant
d. Both b and c
66. In PM, a frequency shift occurs while what characteristic of the modulating signal is
changing?
a. Shape
b. Phase
c. Frequency
d. Amplitude
67. Maximum frequency deviation of a PM signal occurs at
a. Zero crossing points
b. Peak positive amplitude
c. Peak negative amplitude
d. Peak positive or negative amplitudes
68. A 100-MHz carrier is deviated 50 KHz by a 4 kHz signal. The modulation index is
a. 5
b. 8
c. 12.5
d. 40
69. The maximum deviation of an FM carrier is 2 kHz by a maximum modulating signal of
400 Hz. The deviation ratio is
a. 0.2
b. 5
c. 8
d. 40
70. According the Nyquist theorem, the sampling rate that can be used in a PCM system is
_____ the highest audio frequency
a. Once
b. Eight times
c. Twice
d. Thrice
71. SSB transmission requires only _______ of the bandwidth for a DSBFC
a.
b. 2/3
c.
d.
72. Which of the following pulse modulation systems is analog?
a. Delta
b. Differential PCM
c. PWM
d. PCM
73. Which of the following is not a major benefit of FM over AM?
a. Greater efficiency
b. Noise immunity
c. Capture Effect
d. Lower Complexity and Cost
74. The primary disadvantage of FM is it
a. Higher cost and complexity
b. Excessive use of spectrum space
c. Noise susceptibility
d. Lower efficiency
75. The phenomenon of a strong FM signal dominating weaker signal on a common
frequency is referred to as the
a. Capture effect
b. Blot out
c. Quieting factor
d. Dominating syndrome
76. If the plate supply voltage for a plate-modulated class C amplifier is E, the maximum
plate-cathode voltage could be almost as high as
a. 4E
b. 3E
c. 2E
d. E
77. In a low-level AM system, amplifiers following the modulated stage must be
a. Linear devices
b. Harmonic devices
c. Class C amplifiers
d. Nonlinear devices
78. If the carrier of a 100 percent modulated AM wave is suppressed, the percentage power
saving will be
a. 50
b. 150
c. 100
d. 66.66
79. Leak-type bias is used in a plate-modulated class C amplifier to
a. Prevent tuned circuit damping
b. Prevent excessive grid current
c. Prevent overmodulation
d. Increase the bandwidth
80. The output stage of a television transmitter is most likely to be a
a. Plate-modulated class C amplifier
b. Grid-modulated class C amplifier
c. Screen-modulated class C amplifier
d. Grid-modulated class A amplifier
81. The modulation index of an AM wave is changed from 0 to 1. The transmitted power is
a. Unchanged
b. Halved
c. Doubled
d. Increased by 50 percent
82. One of the advantages of base modulation over collector modulation of a transistor class
C amplifier is
a. The lower modulating power required
b. Higher power output per transistor
c. Better efficiency
d. Better linearity
83. A carrier simultaneously modulated by two sine waves with modulation indices of 0.3
and 0.4; the total modulation index
a. 1
b. Cannot be calculated unless the phase relations are known
c. 0.5
d. 0.7
84. In the stabilized reactance modulator AFC system,
a. The discriminator must have a fast time constant to prevent demodulation
b. The higher the discriminator frequency, the better the oscillator frequency
stability
c. The discriminator frequency must not be too low, or the system will fail
d. Phase modulation is converted into FM by the equalizer circuit
85. In the spectrum of a frequency of a frequency-modulated wave
a. The carrier frequency disappears when the modulation index is large
b. The amplitude of any sideband depends on the modulation index
c. The total number of sidebands depends on the modulation index
d. The carrier frequency cannot disappear
86. The difference between phase and frequency modulation
a. Is purely theoretical because they are the same in practice
b. Is too great to make the two systems compatible
c. Lies in the poorer audio response of phase modulation
d. Lies in the different definitions of the modulation index
87. Indicate the false statement regarding the Armstrong modulation system.
a. The system is basically phase, not frequency, modulation
b. AFC is not needed, as a crystal oscillator is used
c. Frequency multiplication must be used
d. Equalization is unnecessary
88. An FM signal with a modulation index mf is passed through a frequency tripler. The
wave in the output of the tripler will have a modulation index of
a. mf/3
b. mf
c. 3 mf
d. 9mf
89. An FM signal with a deviation is passed through a mixer, and has its frequency reduced
fivefold. The deviation in the output of the mixer is
a. 5
b. Indeterminate
c. /5
d.
90. A pre-emphasis circuit provides extra noise immunity by
a. Boosting the bass frequencies
b. Amplifying the higher audio frequencies
c. Pre-amplifying the whole audio band
d. Converting the phase modulation to FM
91. Since noise phase modulates the FM wave, as the noise sideband frequency approaches
the carrier frequency, the noise amplitude
a. Remains constant
b. Decreased
c. Increased
d. Equalized
92. When the modulating frequency is doubled, the modulation index is halved, and the
modulating voltage remains constant. The modulating system is
a. Amplitude modulation
b. Phase modulation
c. Frequency modulation
d. Any of the three
93. Indicate which one of the following is not an advantage of FM over AM
a. Better noise immunity is provided
b. Lower bandwidth is required
c. The transmitted power is more useful
d. Less modulating power is required
94. One of the following is an indirect way of generating FM. This is the
a. Reactance FET modulator
b. Varactor diode modulator
c. Armstrong modulator
d. Reactance bipolar transistor modulator
95. Indicate the false statement regarding the advantages of SSB over double-sideband, full-
carrier AM.
a. More channel space is available
b. Transmitter circuits must be more stable, giving better reception
c. The signal is more noise resistance
d. Much less power is required for the same signal strength
96. When the modulation index of an AM wave is doubled, the antenna current is also
doubled. The AM system being used is
a. A3H
b. A5C
c. A3J
d. A3
97. Indicate which of the following advantages of the phase cancellation method of obtaining
SSB over the filter method is false
a. Switching from one sideband to the other is simpler
b. It is possible to generate SSB at any requency
c. SSB with lower audio frequencies present can be generated
d. There are more balanced modulators; therefore the carrier is suppressed
better
98. The most commonly used filter in SSB generation are
a. Mechanical
b. RC
c. LC
d. Low- pass
99. Indicate in which one of the following only one sideband is transmitter
a. A3H
b. A3
c. A3B
d. A5C
100. A3A modulation is sometimes used to
a. Allow the receiver to have a frequency synthesizer
b. Simplify the frequency stability problem in reception
c. Reduce the power that must be transmitted
d. Reduce the bandwidth required for transmission.
Transmission Lines

Multiple choice. Encircle the letter which corresponds to your answer.

1. In practice, the transmission lines are almost connected to antennas that have a _____.
a. Resistive load whose resistance is greater than the characteristic impedance of the
line
b. Resistive load whose resistance is less than the characteristic impedance of
the line
c. Resistive load at the resonant frequency
d. Capacitive load
2. When the transmission line is matched to the load, it
a. Transfers maximum current to the load
b. Transfers maximum voltage to the load
c. Transfers maximum power to the load
d. Reduces the load current
3. Conventional transmission media include
a. Twisted cable pair
b. Waveguide
c. Fiber optic cable
d. All of these
4. To couple a coaxial line to a parallel wire line, it is best to use a _____
a. Slotted line
b. Directional coupler
c. Balun
d. All of these
5. Impedance inversion may be obtained with
a. An open circuited stub
b. A short circuited stub
c. A quarterwave line
d. A half-wave line
6. To be properly matched, the ratio of maximum to minimum voltage along a transmission
line should be equal to
a. 50
b. 10
c. 2
d. 1
7. When ZL Zo, the powersent down the line toward the load is called the
a. The incident power
b. The reflected power
c. The power dissipation
d. The carrier power
8. For transmission line load matching over a range of frequencies, it is best to use a
a. Balun
b. Broadband directional coupler
c. Double stub
d. Single adjustable stub
9. A short section of a transmission line, open or shorted that is used to match the
impedance of the line to that of an antenna or transmitter.
a. Slotted line
b. Stub
c. Wavetrap
d. Lecher wire
10. The property of a material that determines how much electrostatic energy can be stored
per unit volume when voltage is applied
a. Permeability
b. Magnetic effect
c. Capacitance
d. Permittivity
11. The value of the total opposition of the transmission media to the flow of electromagnetic
field energy is called
a. Characteristic impedance
b. Velocity factor
c. Standing waves
d. Reflected waves
12. When mismatch is great, this power actually cause damage to the transmitter or the line
itself.
a. The incident power
b. The reflected power
c. The power dissipation
d. The carrier power
13. What is the velocity factor for non-foam dielectric 50 or 75 ohm flexile coaxial cable
such as RG 8, 11, 58 and 59?
a. 270
b. 0.10
c. 0.66
d. 0.30
14. The measure of the superiority of a material over a vacuum as a path for magnetic lines
of force is
a. Permittivity
b. Permeability
c. Conductivity
d. Resistivity
15. The number of standing waves on the wire is equal to the length of the wire divided by a
half wavelength. The principle which allows antennas to operate at different frequencies
which are integral multiples of the fundamental frequency is called_______.
a. Harmonic operation
b. Decimonic operation
c. Electromagnetic reverberation
d. Asynchronous operation
16. A coax line has an attenuation of 2.4 dB per 100 ft. the attenuation for 2.75 ft. is _____
dB.
a. 2.4
b. 4.8
c. 3.3
d. 6.6
17. When a quarter wave stub is used to match a 600 ohm antenna to aline of 52 ohms, the
impedance of the matching stub must be ____ ohms.
a. 176
b. 200
c. 150
d. 300
18. The characteristic impedance of a transmission line is determined by
a. Its length
b. Its height above ground
c. Its physical construction
d. The operating frequency
19. When the diameter of two conductors of a two-wire transmission line is held constant, the
effect of decreasing the distance between the conductors is to
a. Decrease the impedance
b. Increase the surge impedance
c. Increase the radiation resistance
d. Decrease SWR
20. Considering a coaxial transmission line, maximum voltage on the line divided by the
minimum voltage equals the
a. Characteristic impedance
b. ISWR
c. VSWR
d. Inductive reactance
21. In a transmission line, if the SWR or maximum current to a minimum current ratio of 2:1,
the ratio of the maximum voltage to the minimum voltage is
a. 1:4
b. 4:1
c. 1:2
d. 2:1
22. Transmission lines are either balanced or unbalanced with respect to
a. Negative terminal
b. Input
c. Ground
d. Positive terminal
23. The load is properly matched with the transmission line if the standing wave ratio is
equal to
a. 50
b. 10
c. 5
d. 1
24. The radiation resistance of a quarterwave antenna is
a. 49 ohms
b. 288 ohms
c. 72 ohms
d. 144 ohms
25. A radio transmission line of 500 ohms impedance is to be connected to an antenna having
an imepedance of 200 ohms. What is the impedance of a quarter wave matching line?
a. 300
b. 316
c. 316.5
d. 361
26. The VSWR for a line terminated in its Zo is
a. 0
b. 1
c. 1.5
d. Infinity
27. Which of the following is used to measure SWR?
a. Multimeter
b. Reflectometer
c. Spectrum analyzer
d. Oscilloscope
28. A 75 j50 ohm load is connected to a coaxial transmission line of Zo = 75 ohms at 10
GHz. The best method of matching consists in connecting
a. A short circuited stub at the load
b. A capacitance at some specific distance from the load
c. An inductance at the load
d. A short-circuited stub at some specific distance from the load
29. For a two-wire line, Zo is higher when
a. The wire size is small with respect to the spacing of the conductors
b. The spacing is varied in accordance with the frequency
c. The D:d ratio is smaller
d. The wire is large with respect to the spacing of the conductors
30. A resultant wave due to the combination of incident and reflected wave
a. Electromagnetic wave
b. Sine wave
c. Standing wave
d. Current
31. For transmission line load matching over a range of frequencies, it is best to use a
a. Balun
b. Broadband directional coupler
c. Double stub
d. Single stub
32. If the load impedance matches the characteristic impedance of the line, there are _____
standing waves.
a. More
b. Less
c. No
d. Ten(10)
33. VSWR stands for
a. Voltage sending wave ratio
b. Voltage receiving wave ratio
c. Very small wave radiation
d. Voltage standing wave ratio
34. Reflections on a transmission line can occur when
a. Impedance of the source and load are matched
b. Impedance of the source and the load are mismatched
c. Resonance conditions are obtained
d. Power transfer between source and load is maximum
35. A transmission line with characteristic impedance (Zo) of 300 ohms is terminated in a
resistance load (RI). If by measurement, the minimum and maximum voltage through the
load are 12 and 20 micro volts, respectively, what is the SWR?
a. 1.67
b. 0.6
c. 6.7
d. 3.67
36. A measure of the mismatched between line and load impedance is called as
a. Reflection coefficient
b. Standing wave ratio
c. Loss
d. Standing waves
37. Transmission lines when connected to antenna have
a. Capacitive load
b. Resistive load whose resistance is less than characteristic impedance
c. Resistive load at the resonant frequency
d. Resistive load whose resistance is greater than the characteristic impedance of the
line
38. At matched condition, SWR is equal to
a. Zero
b. One
c. 100
d. Infinite
39. An HF transmission line has a characteristic impedance of 600 ohms and is terminated by
an antenna. The SWR along the line when the antenna impedance is 500 ohms is
a. 1.2:1
b. 1:2.1
c. 2:1
d. 1:2
40. A characteristic of an infinite transmission line is that
a. The impedance in equals impedance out
b. It carries waves at the velocity of light
c. It can be connected to mismatched loads
d. The impedance varies with the length of the line
41. A quarter wave transmission line shorted at the end:
a. Has the characteristics of parallel tuned circuit
b. Has the characteristics of a series tuned circuit
c. Has a minimum current at the end
d. Reflects a low impedance to the supply
42. The outer conductor of a coaxial transmission line is usually grounded at the:
a. Input and output
b. Output only
c. Input only
d. Point of infinite resistance
43. A certain feedline has a high SWR. It can be caused by:
a. An impedance mismatched
b. Use of non-resonant line
c. Matching the load to the line
d. Excessive transmitter output
44. If the input impedance of an antenna is 300 ohms and it is fed with a 600 ohm balanced
transmission line, the SWR on the line is
a. 4
b. 3
c. 2
d. 0.5
45. A radio transmission line of 300 ohms impedance to be connected to an antenna having
an input impedance of 150 ohms. The impedance if a quarter wave matching line is ___
ohms
a. 212
b. 450
c. 600
d. 150
46. The ratio of the reflected voltage to the incident voltage on the transmission line is
termed as
a. Reflection coefficient
b. Standing wave ratio
c. Loss
d. Standing waves
47. Indicate the three types of transmission line energy losses
a. Radiation, I(squared) R and dielectric Heating
b. Conductor heating, dielectric heating and radiation resistance
c. I(squared)R, RL and temperature
d. Dielectric separation insulation breakdown and radiation
48. Termination means
a. Load connected to the output end of a transmission line
b. Result of disconnecting a line from a transmitter
c. Looking back impedance of a line with no load
d. Result of cutting both ends of a conductor
49. When transmission line uses ground return, it is called a/n _____ line.
a. Ungrounded
b. Unbalanced
c. Grounded
d. Balanced
50. Permeability is the measure of superiority of a material over a vacuum as a path of
magnetic lines of force. The permeability of free space is equal to _____ henry/meter
a. 1.257 x 10-6
b. 1.527 x 10-6
c. 7.251 x 10-6
d. 5.217x10-6
51. The most commonly used transmission line is a
a. Two-wire balanced line
b. Single line
c. Three-wire line
d. Coax
52. The characteristic impedance of a transmission line does not depend upon its
a. Length
b. Conductor diameter
c. Conductor spacing
d. Thickness of armor
53. What is the impedance of a balance 4-wire with a diameter of 0.25cm and spaced 2.5 cm
apart using an insulator with a dielectric constant of 2.56?
a. 100 ohms
b. 65 ohms
c. 75 ohms
d. 50 ohms
54. It is required to match a 73-ohm antenna to a 600 ohm polyethylene coaxial feeder line,
with a velocity factor of 0.66 by means of a quarter wave matching a transformer. At a
frequency of 150MHz, the impedance of the matching section is____ ohms.
a. 209.28
b. 310.5
c. 150.28
d. 450.82
55. If the terminating impedance is exactly equal to the characteristic impedance of the
transmission line, the return loss is____
a. Zero
b. Infinity
c. One
d. Negative
56. The characteristic impedance of a transmission line is the impedance measured at the
____ when its length is infinite.
a. Shorted end of the line
b. Midsection
c. Input
d. Output
57. The characteristic impedance of a transmission line is 70 ohms and has a load of 35 ohms.
The SWR and reflection coefficient are _____ and _____ respectively
a. 2 and 0.333
b. 1 and 0.666
c. 2 and 0.666
d. 1 and 0.333
58. It is required to match a 200 ohm load to a 300 ohm transmission line to reduce the SWR
and attain resonace. A quarter wave transformer used, directly connected to the load has a
Zo of ____ ohms.
a. 245
b. 425
c. 524
d. 254
59. What quarter wave transformer will match a 100 ohm-lne to an antenna whose value is
175 ohms?
a. 150 ohms
b. 137.5 ohms
c. 132.29 ohms
d. 16.58 ohms
60. The mismatch between antenna and transmission line impedance cannot be corrected by
a. Using an LC network
b. Adjusting antenna length
c. Using a balun
d. Adjusting the length of the transmission line
61. A pattern of voltage and current variation along a transmission line not terminated in ints
characteristic impedance is called
a. An electric field
b. Radio waves
c. Standing waves
d. Magnetic field
62. The most desirable value of SWR on a transmission line is
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. Infinity
63. In transmission lines, the most desisrable reflection coefficient is
a. Zero
b. 0.5
c. 1
d. Infinity
64. At very high frequencies, transmission lines are used as _____.
a. Tuned circuits
b. Antennas
c. Insulators
d. Resistors
65. What is the reflection coefficient of a 100 ohm characteristic impedance line and a 300
ohm load?
a. 0.25
b. 0.3
c. 0.5
d. 0.75
66. The minimum voltage along a transmission line is 260 volts, while the maximum is 390
volts. The SWR is
a. 0.67
b. 1.0
c. 1.2
d. 1.5
67. A single conductor running from the transmitter to the antenna
a. RG-8/U
b. Single line wire
c. Twin-lead
d. Microstrip
68. What characteristic impedance is needed to match a 50-ohm line to a 300 ohm-load?
a. 221 ohms
b. 122 ohms
c. 212 ohms
d. 112 ohms
69. Indicate the false statement. The SWR on a transmission line is infinity; the line is
terminated in
a. Short circuit
b. A complex impedance
c. An open circuit
d. A pure reactance
70. A (75 j50) load is connected to a coaxial transmission line of Zo = 75 at 10 GHz.
The best method of matching consists in connecting
a. A short circuited stub
b. An inductance at the load
c. A capacitance at some specific distance from the load
d. A short circuited stub at some specific distance from the load
71. The velocity factor of a transmission line
a. Depends on the dielectric constant of the material used
b. Increases the velocity along the transmission line
c. Is governed by the skin effect
d. Is higher for a solid dielectric than for air
72. What is the characteristic impedance of a single wire with diameter d=0.25mm placed at
the center between grounded parallel planes separated by 1mm apart. The wire is held by
a material with a velocity factor of 0.75
a. 85 ohms
b. 63 ohms
c. 50 ohms
d. 75 ohms
73. Coaxial lines are used on those system operating ________.
a. Below 2 GHz
b. At 300 MHz
c. Above 10 KHz
d. Above 10 GHz
74. Referred to the dielectric constant of a transmission line material
a. Inductance and capacitance
b. Velocity factor
c. Characteristic impedance
d. Propagation velocity
75. The main advantage of the two-hole directional coupler is
a. Low directional coupling
b. Poor directivity
c. High SWR
d. Narrow bandwidth
76. To couple a coaxial line to a parallel-wire line, it is best to use a
a. Slotted line
b. Balun
c. Directional coupler
d. Quarter-wave transformer
77. What is the meaning of the term velocity factor of a transmission line?
a. The index of shielding for coaxial cable
b. The velocity of the wave on the transmission line multiplied by the velocity of
light in a vacuum
c. The ratio of the characteristic impedance of the line to the terminating impedance
d. The velocity of the wave on the transmission line divided by the velocity of light
in a vacuum
78. A transmission line consisting of two conductors that have equal resistance per unit
length.
a. Unbalance line
b. Open-wire line
c. Balanced line
d. Coaxial line
79. Which if the following is not a common transmission line impedance?
a. 50
b. 75
c. 120
d. 300
80. For a maximum absorption of power at the antenna, the relationship between the
characteristic impedance of the line Zo and the load impedance Zl should be
a. Zo = ZL
b. Zo > ZL
c. Zo < ZL
d. Zo = 0
81. Which of the following determines the characteristics of a transmission line?
a. Inductance
b. Capacitance
c. Physical dimensions
d. Length
82. In the study of transmission cable, twin lead is also referred to as a ______ .
a. Twisted pair
b. Double cable
c. Ribbon cable
d. Open pair
83. A 50 coax is connected to a 73 the SWR is
a. 0.685
b. 1
c. 1.46
d. 2.92
84. A ratio expressing the percentage of incident voltage reflected on a transmission line is
known as the
a. Velocity factor
b. Standing-wave ratio
c. Reflection coefficient
d. Line efficient
85. Three feet is one wavelength at a frequency of
a. 100 MHz
b. 164 MHz
c. 300 MHz
d. 328 MHz
86. An open quarter-wave line at the operating frequency acts like a(n)
a. Series resonant circuit
b. Parallel resonant circuit
c. Capacitor
d. Inductor
87. A shorted half-wave line at the operating frequency acts like a(n)
a. Capacitor
b. Inductor
c. Series resonant circuit
d. Parallel resonant circuit
88. At UHF and microwave frequencies, transmission lines are commonly used as
a. Antenna
b. Coupler
c. Resonant circuit
d. Transformer
89. The transmission medium subjects the transmitted signal to be
a. Modulated
b. Amplified
c. Attenuated
d. Boosted
90. Transmission line is a two-wire cable that connects the transmitter to the antenna or the
antenna to the receiver. The purpose of the transmission line is to
a. Amplify the RF signal
b. Modulate the signal
c. Carry the RF energy for the desired distance
d. All of the above
91. These conductors are uniformly spaced by insulators. They have low losses at low
medium frequencies and are economical to construct and maintained
a. Coaxial cables
b. Open-wire transmission lines
c. Optical cables
d. Waveguides
92. To prevent radiation losses and interference from external sources, the inner conductor of
this transmission line is completely enclosed with a metal sheath or braid
a. Coaxial cable
b. Open-wire transmission lines
c. Optical cables
d. Waveguides
93. The term balanced line means that
a. Both conductors carry currents that flow in opposite directions
b. Conductors present equal capacitance to ground
c. One conductor is connected to ground
d. Both A and B
94. The characteristic impedance of a transmission line is determined by:
a. Its operating frequency
b. Its length
c. Its physical size and arrangement
d. The signal applied at the input terminal
95. The disturbance parameters of the transmission line are: the series resistance; the series
inductance; the shunt capacitance and the shunt conductance. What parameter was
determined due to dielectric losses?
a. Series resistance
b. Series inductance
c. Shunt capacitance
d. Shunt conductance
96. Shunt capacitance was determined due to:
a. Conductors were closed to each other
b. The length and diameter of the conductors
c. Dielectric loses
d. Flux linkages
97. Series resistances was determined due to:
a. Conductors were closed to each other
b. The length and diameter of the conductors
c. Dielectric losses
d. Flux linkages
98. At radio frequencies was determined due to:
a. Characteristic
b. Inductive reactance is much larger than the shunt conductance
c. Capacitive reactance is much larger than the shunt conductance
d. Both b and c
99. Determine the characteristic impedance of a transmission line which has a capacitance of
30 pF/m and an inductance of 75 nH/m
a. 5
b. 50
c. 500
d. 5 K
100. If a charge in the dielectric material decreases the capacitance, the characteristic
impedance is
a. Kept constant
b. Decreased
c. Increased
d. Halved
Wave Propagation

Multiple choice. Encircle the letter which corresponds to your answer.

1. Whether or not polarization of an antenna is linear depends on changes in direction in

which:
a. The direction in which the electric plane is radiated.
b. The horizontal or vertical plane of the electric wave.
c. The direction in which magnetic wave is radiated.
d. None of these
2. The D, E and F layers of the ionosphere are called
a. Mark-Space Layers
b. Davidson-Miller Layers
c. Kenelly Heaviside Layers
d. Maxwell Layer
3. ________ refers to the ratio of an electric field component to a magnetic field component
at the same point of the wave.
a. Characteristics impedance
b. Load impedance
c. Intrinsic impedance
d. Wave impedance
4. The field strength of a radio signal varies according to the output or transmitted power
and the distance of the receiver from the transmitter. This wave behavior is described by
a. The field strength
b. Huygens Principle
c. Faradays Law
d. Inverse Square Law
5. The antenna theory states that reception and transmission functions are interchangeable is
a. Poynting Theorem
b. Snells Law
c. Huygens Principle
d. Law of Reciprocity
6. The frequency band where electromagnetic waves travel in straight path or in a direct line
of sight between the transmitter and receiver antenna is
a. ELF
b. HF
c. VLF
d. VHF and above
7. This mode of electromagnetic wave propagation uses the earths surface or curvature as a
guide to transmit vertically polarized waves
a. Sky wave
b. Tropospheric wave
c. Transionospheric wave
d. Ground wave
8. Frequencies in the UHF range propagate by means of
a. Ground waves
b. surface waves
c. sky waves
d. space waves
9. the ground wave eventually disappear as it moves farther away from the transmitter,
because of
a. tilting
b. reflection
c. refraction
d. diffraction
10. as electromagnetic waves travel in free space, only one of the following can happen
a. absorption
b. attenuation
c. refraction
d. reflection
11. In polarization diversity, two signals are
a. Both polarized at one specific loacation
b. Vertically and horizontally polarized separately
c. Polarized in the same manner
d. Vertically and horizontally polarized using a common antenna
12. If the direction of the electric field of a radio wave is horizontal. That wave is known to
be _____ polarized.
a. Negatively
b. Vertically
c. Positively
d. Horizontally
13. The property of a material that determines how much change electrostatic energy can be
stored per unit volume when voltage is applied
a. Miller effect
b. Permeability
c. Capacitance
d. Permitivity
14. According to this law or principle, a wavefront may be considered to consist of an infinite
number of isotropic radiators, each one sending out wavelets, always away from the
source.
a. Snells Law
b. Maxwells Law
c. Huygens Principle
d. Archimedes Principle
15. A number, which when multiplied by the speed of light in free space gives the speed of
light in the medium in question is
a. Fibonacci number
b. Fermats number
c. Velocity factor
d. K-factor
16. The ability of a radio wave to be bent slightly over the edge of a sharp obstacle such as a
steep hill or mountain top is
a. Diffraction
b. Reflection
c. Refraction
d. Attenuation
17. A space wave is
a. Sky wave
b. Radio wave
c. Surface wave
d. Line of sight propagation wave
18. It is a diagram indicating the intensity in volts/meter, in all directions, of the radiated
filed of an antenna as it would occur under actual operating conditions.
a. Constellation diagram
b. Argand diagram
c. Funicular diagram
d. Radiation pattern
19. Equivalent to capacitance in electrical circuits
a. Inductance
b. Permittivity
c. Permeability
d. Power density
20. All of these cause attenuation except
a. Tilting
b. Ground absorption
c. Atmospheric absorption
d. Surface wave propagation
21. The transmission of radio waves far beyond line of sight distances by using high power
and large transmitting antennas to beam the signal upward into the atmosphere and a
similar large receiving antenna to pick up a small portion of the signal scattered by the
atmosphere is called
a. Forward scatter propagation
b. Beyond the horizon propagation
c. Either a or b
d. Meteoric Scatter Propagation
22. The apparent height of an ionized layer of the atmosphere; as determined from the time
interval between the transmitted signal and the ionospheric echo at vertical incidence.
This height is the maximum height reached if the actual paths are projected forming
straight lines from the ascent to the descent of waves.
a. Optimum height
b. Virtual height
c. Complex height
d. Critical height
23. The highest frequency whereby a wave will be returned back to earth by an ionospheric
layer having been beamed up at it and ranges from 5 to 12 MHz. For F2 layers. This
frequency is directly proportional to the secant function of the smallest angle, which
allows reflection of sky waves.
a. Apex frequency
b. Critical frequency
c. Carrier frequency
d. Baseband frequency
24. The distant at which sky-wave signals are reflected back to earth depend on
a. Height of the reflecting layer
b. The takeoff angle of the waves
c. Both a and b
d. Conductivity of the soil
25. Perfect reflection of waves occur when
a. The magnitude of the incident is equal to the reflected waves
b. The magnitude of the incident is less than the reflected waves
c. The magnitude of incident is greater than reflected waves
d. Both and b
26. The process by which a radio wave is bent and returned to earth from one medium to
another after striking them is
a. Reflection
b. Refraction
c. Diffraction
d. Absorption
27. An incident, traveling obliquely from one medium to another, will undergo a change in
direction if the velocity of the wave in one medium is different from that in the other and
the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is the
same ratio of respectively wave velocities in these media. This law is called
a. Snells Law
b. Fishers Law
c. Hookes Law
d. Newtons Law
28. The lowest layer of the ionosphere which exists between 50 to 90 km from the earths
surface and reflects VLF and LF waves while absorbing MF and HF waves during
daytime is the
a. D layer
b. E layer
c. F layer
d. Vantress layer
29. This phenomenon occurs when the thicker air is on top instead of being at the bottom
when the temperature of water vapor gradient is lesser or greater than the standard rate.
a. Thermal inversion
b. Horizontal ducting
c. Elevated ducting
d. Sporadic E
30. An ionospheric layer, which exists between 90 to 120 km above the earths surface and is
about 25km thick. It aids MF surface propagation while reflecting some HF during
daytime
a. D-layer
b. E-layer
c. F layer
d. Vantress layer
31. Atmospheric condition is controlled by
a. Pressure
b. Temperature
c. Humidity
d. All of these
32. This ionospheric layer forms at night at about 300 km from the earths surface and is
responsible for long distance HF wave propagation due to reflection and refraction. It
splits during daytime due to the ionizing energy from ultraviolet rays of the sun.
a. D layer
b. E layer
c. F layer
d. Vantress layer
33. When the transmitting and receiving antennas are line-of-sight of each other, the mode of
propagation is _____ wave.
a. Space or direct
b. Sky
c. surface
d. ground
34. Power density is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source or
transmitter to the destination or receiver. This law is called:
a. Coulombs law
b. Law of Universal Gravitation
c. Inverse Square Law
d. Lenzs Law
35. A one-hop, full duplex, microwave system is in a space diversity arrangement. Determine
how many receivers in all are used?
a. 6
b. 2
c. 8
d. 4
36. ________ is the extra ionization of the E-layer resulting to irregular and intermittent
reflection of frequencies of up to 80 MHz in temperate and lower latitudes of frequencies
of up to 80MHz in temperate and lower latitudes. It is variable in time of occurrence,
height. Geographical distribution, penetration frequency and ionization density.
a. Sporadic E
b. Dillinger Effect
c. Faraday rotation
d. Scintillations
37. The decrease in signal strength as a result of absorption or scattering of energy along a
transmission path is called:
a. Attenuation
b. Microbending
c. Dispersion
d. Multipath fading
38. The transfer of electromagnetic waves or acoustical energy from one place to another
through a suitable transmission medium is
a. Wave propagation
b. RF induction
c. Radio Frequency Interference
d. Forward Scatter
39. The upper limit of frequencies that can be used at a specified time for radio transmission
between two points and involving propagation by reflection from regular ionized layers
of the ionosphere is
a. Maximum usable frequency
b. Optimum traffic frequency
c. Minimum usable frequency
d. Carrier frequency
40. Waves whose oscillations are perpendicular to the direction of propagation are called
a. Huygens waves
b. Transverse waves
c. Longitudinal waves
d. Fraunhoffer waves
41. Indicate which one of the following terms applies to troposcatter propagation:
a. SIDs
b. Fading
c. Atmospheric storms
d. Faraday rotation
42. VLF waves are used for some types of services because
a. Of the low power required
b. The transmitting antennas are of convenient size
c. They are very reliable
d. They penetrate the ionosphere easily
43. High frequency waves are
a. Absorbed by the F2 layer
b. Reflected by the D layer
c. Capable of use for long-distance communications on the moon
d. Affected by the solar cycle
44. Distances near the skip distance should be used for sky-wave propagation
a. To avoid tilting
b. To prevent sky-wave and upper ray interference
c. To avoid the faraday effect
d. So as not to exceed the critical frequency
45. The ground wave ecentually disappears, as one moves away from the transmitter, because
of
a. Interference from the sky wave
b. Loss of line of sight conditions
c. Maximum single-hop distance limitation
d. Tilting
46. In electromagnetic waves, polarization
a. Is caused by reflection
b. Is due to the transverse nature of the waves
c. Results from the longitudinal nature of the waves
d. Is always vertical in an isotropic medium
47. Radio fading resulting from obstruction losses.
a. Log normal fading
b. Rayleigh Fading
c. Multi-path fading
d. None of these
48. The absorption of radio waves by the atmosphere depends on
a. Their frequency
b. Their distance from the transmitter
c. The polarization of the waves
d. The polarization of the atmosphere
49. Electromagnetic waves are refracted when they
a. Pass into a medium of different dielectric constant
b. Are polarized at right angles to the direction of propagation
c. Encounter a perfectly conducting surface
d. Pass through a small slot in a conducting plane
50. Diffraction of electromagnetic waves
a. Is caused by reflection from the ground
b. Arises only with spherical wavefronts
c. Will occur when the waves pass through a large slot
d. May occur around the edge of a sharp obstacle
51. What do you call of the travel of electromagnetic waves through a medium at the speed
of light?
a. RF propagation
b. Radio propagation
c. Wave propagation
d. All of these
52. Electromagnetic waves are
a. Consist of electric and magnetic component that are parallel to each other
b. Oscillations that propagate through free space
c. Irregular oscillations
d. Oscillations that are produced by an oscillating circuit
53. The region around an electrically charged body in which other charged bodies are acted
by an attracting or repelling force.
a. Electric field
b. Radiation field
c. Magnetic field
d. Electromagnetic field
54. What are the two components of electromagnetic field?
a. Ray and wavefront
b. Magnet and electricity
c. Polar electrons and magnetic field
d. Electric field (E-field) and magnetic field
55. Shows a surface of constant phase of a wave and is formed when points of equal phase on
rays propagated from the source are joined together.
a. Ray
b. Wavefront
c. Point source
d. Isotropic source
56. It is a line drawn along the direction of propagation of an electromagnetic wave used to
show the relative direction of electromagnetic wave propagation.
a. Ray
b. Wavefront
c. Point source
d. Isotropic source
57. Refers to the rate at which energy passes through a given surface area in free space
a. Field intensity
b. Power density
c. Refractive index
d. Absorption coefficient
58. It its the intensity of the electric and magnetic fields of an electromagnetic wave
propagating in free space
a. Field intensity
b. Power density
c. Refractive index
d. Absorption coefficient
59. In a lossless transmission medium, _______ of free space is equal to the square root of
the ratio of its magnetic permeability to its electric permittivity
a. Resistance
b. Field intensity
c. Characteristic impedance
d. A or C is correct
60. Electromagnetic wave measures all except
a. Inductance
b. Power density
c. Magnetic field intensity
d. Permittivity of the medium
61. A reduction in power density due to the inverse square law presumes free-space
propagation is called
a. Absorption
b. Wave attenuation
c. Space attenuation of the wave
d. B or C is correct
62. Which of the following are optical effects of radio waves?
a. Refraction and reflection
b. Diffraction and interence
c. Induction and diffraction
d. A and B
63. What is diffraction?
a. Is the change in direction of a ray as it passes obliquely from one medium to
another with different velocities or propagation
b. Refers to the modulation or redistribution of energy within a wavefront when it
passes near the edge of an opaque object
c. Is the phenomenon that allows light or radio waves to travel(peek) around corners
of an obstacle.
d. A or C is right
64. A rare refracting medium has
a. Smaller value of dielectric constant
b. Higher value of dielectric constant
c. Variable value for dielectric constant
d. A dielectric constant dependent on the medium
65. Refractive index refers to
a. The ratio of velocity of light in free space to the velocity of light in a given
material
b. The ratio of the light in free space towards the light in a given medium
c. The ratio of the angle of refraction
d. The amount of bending or refraction that occurs at the interface of two material of
different densities
66. Why is it that rays traveling near the top of the medium travel faster than those at the
bottom?
a. The medium is more dense near the bottom
b. The medium is less dense at the top
c. A and B are incorporated
d. The medium is less dense near the bottom and more dense at the top
67. When does reflection if wave occur?
a. When an incident wave strikes a boundary of two media, and some of the incident
power does not enter the second material
b. When the reflective surface is irregular or rough
c. When two or more electromagnetic waves combine in such a way that the system
performance is degraded.
d. A and B
68. What is meant by specular reflection?
a. Is a reflection from a perfectly smooth surface
b. Is an incident wavefront striking an irregular surface, randomly scattered in many
directions
c. Reflection of surfaces that fall between smooth and irregular
d. Is a combination of diffused and semirough surfaces
69. ________ states that a semirough surface will reflect as if it were a smooth surface
whenever the cosine of he angle of incidence is greater than 1/8d, where d is the depth of
the surface irregularity and I is the wavelength of the incident wave.
a. Rayleigh criterion
b. Huygens principle
c. Linear superposition
d. Reflection coefficient
70. Energy that has neither been radiated into space nor completely transmitted
a. Modulated waves
b. Captured waves
c. Standing waves
d. Incident waves
71. What property of radio waves occurs whenever two or more waves simultaneously
occupy the same point in space?
a. Reflection
b. Refraction
c. Diffraction
d. Interference
72. Pertains to a source which radiates equally in all directions
a. Isobaric source
b. Isotropic source
c. Isentropic source
d. Isothermal source
73. Electromagnetic waves travel at _____ in free space
a. 300,000 km/sec
b. 200 km/sec
c. 400,000 km/sec
d. 100,000 km/sec
74. Any space or region wherein a magnetic force is exerted on moving electric charges
a. Electric field
b. Radiation field
c. Magnetic field
d. Electromagnetic field
75. Which of the following is a characteristic of electromagnetic wave?
a. Measures power, voltage, capacitance and impedance of a system
b. Measures power density, voltage, and inductance
c. Measures power density, magnetic field intensity, and electric field intensity
d. All of the above
76. Reflection waves
a. Should take place at one medium
b. Does not necessarily take place at one medium
c. Occurs at any other medium at the same time
d. Is not possible
77. Way(s) of propagating electromagnetic waves:
a. Ground-wave propagation
b. Space wave propagation
c. Sky-wave propagation
d. All of these
78. At frequencies below 1.5 MHz, what propagation provides the best coverage?
a. Ground wave
b. Space wave
c. Sky wave
d. All of these
79. Which of these causes the wavefront to tilt progressively forward?
a. Gradient density
b. Electric field intensity
c. Absorption coefficient
d. Magnetic field intensity
80. Which of following of must be taken into consideration to ensure proper ground-wave
propagation?
a. Power
b. Terrain
c. Frequency
d. B and C
81. What are the applications of groundwave propagation?
a. Ship-to-ship and ship-to-shore communications
b. Maritime mobile communications
c. Radio navigation
d. All of these
82. The curvature of the earth presents a horizon to space wave propagation which is
approximately 4/3 that of the optical horizon
a. Standard atmosphere
b. Optical horizon
c. Radio horizon
d. All of these
83. Refraction is caused by what factors?
a. Changes in tropospheres density and temperature
b. Water vapor content
c. Relative conductivity
d. All of the above
84. Any of the flowing can be caused to lengthen radio horizon:
a. Elevating the transmit or receive antennas above Earths surface
b. Elevating both antennas
c. Installing the transmit and/or receive antennas on top of mountains or high
buildings
d. All of these
85. A special condition which occurs when the density of the lower atmosphere is such that
electromagnetic waves are trapped between it and earths surface
a. Duct propagation
b. Sky wave propagation
c. Space wave propagation
d. Ground wave propagation
86. The vibrating electrons at the ionosphere decrease current which is equivalent to reducing
the dielectric constant, which in turn, will also cause the velocity of propagation
to______.
a. Increase
b. Decrease
c. Remain constant
d. Decrease by a factor of 2
87. Increasing the velocity of propagation causes a/an _____ of the electromagnetic waves.
a. Increasing refraction
b. Decreasing reflection
c. Increasing diffraction
d. Decreasing interference
88. What layer has its maximum density at approximately 70 mi a noon, when the sun is at its
highest point?
a. D layer
b. E layer
c. Kennelly-Heaviside layer
d. B or C
89. The sporadic E layer is a thin layer with a very high ionization density. It is considered
separately from the other layers and when it appears, gives an unexpected improvement
in long distance radio transmissions. What cause(s) its unpredictable appearance?
a. Sunspot activity
b. Sunspot cycle
c. Solar flares
d. A and C
90. The region in the ionosphere with a very high ionization density at roughly 55 to 90 miles
and is used for frequencies up to about 20 MHz. It is gone completely at midnight.
a. D layer
b. E layer
c. F layer
d. G layer
91. A layer in the ionosphere which is the most important reflecting medium fir HF radio
waves. It has 2 sublayers, at 90 to 250 mi height
a. A layer
b. D layer
c. E layer
d. F layer
92. The apparent height og the ionized layer and is always greater than the actual height
a. Critical height
b. Virtual height
c. Maximum height
d. Imaginary height
93. Refers to the shortest distance in which a sky-wave signal will be returned to the earth. It
includes the maximum ground-wave range and the width of the skip zone.
a. Hop
b. Skip distance
c. Actual distance
d. Critical distance
94. Concerns to the highest frequency that is able to return to earth when beamed at a certain
angle of incidence
a. Relative frequency
b. Optimum frequency
c. Resonant frequency
d. Maximum usable frequency, muf
95. In ________, the distant of each succeeding hop from earth to ionosphere and back is
also the skip distance.
a. Hop transmission
b. Single transmission
c. Unihop transmission
d. Multihop transmission
96. Concerns to the single reflection of a radio wave form the ionosphere back to earth.
a. Jog
b. Hop
c. Skip
d. Fading
97. The fluctuation of signal strength at the receiver that are caused by changes in the
transmission medium
a. Fading
b. Hopping
c. Skipping
d. Diversity
98. Gradual variation in the field strength of a radio signal is compensated by
a. Fading techniques
b. Diversity techniques
c. Transverse techniques
d. Transmission techniques
99. A modulation of two different RF carrier frequencies with the same IF intelligence, then
transmitting both RF signals to a given destination.
a. Diversity
b. Space diversity
c. Frequency diversity
d. Polarization diversity
100. To increase the availability of the system, a method in which the output of a transmitter
is fed to two or more antennas that are physically separated by an appreciable number of
wavelengths.
a. Space diversity
b. Frequency diversity
c. Polarization diversity
d. Space wave propagation

COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING PART 6

ANTENNAS
1. An ungrounded antenna near the ground
a. Acts as a single antenna of twice the height
b. Is unlikely to need an earth mat
c. Acts as an antenna array
d. Must be horizontally polarized
2. One of the following consists of nonresonant antennas:
a. The rhombic antenna
b. The folded dipole
c. The end-fire array
d. The broadside array
3. One of the following is very useful as a multiband HF receiving antenna. This is the:
a. Conical horn
b. Folded dipole
c. Log-periodic
d. Square loop
4. Which of the following antennas is best excited from a waveguide?
a. Biconical
b. Horn
c. Helical
d. Discone
5. Indicate which of the following reasons for using a counterpoise with antennas is false:
a. Impossibility of a good ground connection
b. Protection of personnel working underneath
 c. Provision of an earth for the antenna
d. Rockiness of the ground itself
6. One of the following is not a reason for the use of an antenna coupler:
a. To make the antenna look resistive
b. To provide the output amplifier with the correct load impedance
c. To discriminate against harmonics
d. To prevent reradiation of the local oscillator
7. Indicate the antenna that is not wideband
a. Discone
b. Folded dipole
c. Helical
d. Marconi
8. Indicate which one of the following reasons for the use of an earth mat with antennas is
false:
a. Impossibility of a good ground connection
b. Provision of an earth for the antenna
c. Protection of personnel working underneath
d. Improvement of the radiation pattern of the antenna
9. Show which of the following terms does not apply to the Yagi-Uda array
a. Good bandwidth
b. Parasitic elements
c. Folded dipole
d. High gain
10. An antenna that is circularly polarized is the
a. Helical
b. Small circular loop
c. Parabolic reflector
d. Yagi-Uda
11. The standard reference antenna for the directive gain is the
a. Infinitesimal dipole
b. Isotropic antenna
c. Elementary doublet
d. Half-wave dipole
12. Top loading is sometimes used with an antenna in order to increase its
a. Effective height
b. Bandwidth
c. Beamwidth
d. Input capacitance
13. Cassegrain feed is used with a parabolic reflector to
a. Increase the gain of the system
 b. Increase the beamwidth of the system
c. Reduce the size of the main reflector
d. Allow the feed to be places at a convenient point
14. Zoning is used with a dielectric antenna in order to
a. Reduce the bulk of the lens
b. Increase the bandwidth of the lens
c. Permit pin-point focusing
d. Correct the curvature of the wavefront from a horn that is too short
15. A helical antenna is used for satellite tracking because of its
a. Circular polarization
b. Maneuverability
c. Broad bandwidth
d. Good front-to-back ratio
16. The discone antenna is
a. A useful direction-finding antenna
b. Used as a radar receiving antenna
c. Circularly polarized like other circular antennas
d. Useful as a UHF receiving antenna
17. One of the following is not omnidirectional antenna
a. Half-wave dipole
b. Log-periodic
c. Discone
d. Marconi
18. The polarization of a discone antenna is ______________.
a. Horizontal
b. Vertical
c. Omni
d. Directional
19. _____________ is the horizontal pointing angle of an antenna.
a. Right angle
b. Angle of elevation
c. Bandwidth
d. Azimuth
20. Which is a properly terminated antenna?
a. Rhombic
b. Hertz
c. Marconi
d. Dipole
21. ____________ is a device that detects both vertically and horizontally polarized signals
simultaneously.
 a. Crystal
b. Orthomode transducer
c. Light transducer
d. Optoisolator
22. How much does the radiated power of an antenna increases if its current increased by 3.3
times?
a. 6.6 times
b. 3.3 times
c. 10.89 times
d. 9.9 times
23. What do you call the energy that was not radiated into space or completely transmitted?
a. Incident waves
b. Captured waves
c. Standing waves
d. Modulated waves
24. What is the estimated medium wind loading in the Philippines for antenna tower design?
a. 200 kph
b. 250 kph
c. 300 kph
d. 100 kph
25. The minimum number of turns a helix antenna must have
a. 4
b. 5
c. 3
d. 6
26. When testing transmitter to prevent interfering with other stations, which type of antenna
must be used?
a. Dummy antenna
b. Herztian antenna
c. None
d. Void antenna
27. A device that radiates electromagnetic energy and/or intercepts electromagnetic radiation
a. Antenna
b. Transmitter
c. Transmission line
d. Transceiver
28. Determine the gain of a 6 ft parabolic dish operating at 1800 MHz
a. 15.5 dB
b. 30 dB
c. 11.2 dB
 d. 28.17 dB
29. Radiation characteristic of a dipole
a. figure of eight
b. omnidirectional
c. bi-directional
d. unidirectional
30. An antenna which is not resonant at particular frequencies and so can be used over a wide
band of frequencies is called
a. Aperiodic
b. Cassegrain
c. Top-loaded
d. Boresight
31. Two wires that are bent 90 degrees apart.
a. Rhombic
b. Hertz
c. Dipole
d. Log-periodic
32. Harmonic suppressor connected to an antenna
a. Tank circuit
b. M-derived filter
c. Low-pass filter
d. High-pass filter
33. Theoretical gain of a Herztian dipole
a. 0 dB
b. 1.76 dB
c. 2.15 dB
d. 3 dB
34. A helical antenna is used for satellite tracking because of
a. Maneuverability
b. Good front-to-back
c. Circular polarization
d. Broad bandwidth
35. A convenient method of determining antenna impedance
a. Reactance circle
b. Stub matching
c. Smith chart
d. Trial and error
36. Unity gain antenna.
a. Half-wave dipole
b. Rhombic
 c. Dummy
d. Isotropic
37. EIRP stands for ______________________.
a. Effective isotropic reflected power
b. Effective isotropic refracted power
c. Efficient and ideal radiated power
d. Effective isotropic radiated power
38. Which of the following refers to the smallest beam of satellite antennas radiation pattern?
a. Global beam
b. Zoom beam
c. Spot beam
d. Hemispheric beam
39. A region in front of a parabolic antenna
a. Transmission zone
b. Fraunhofer
c. Fresnel
d. All of these
40. An antenna that can only receive a television signal.
a. Isotropic antenna
b. Reference antenna
c. TVRO
d. Yagi antenna
41. Radiation pattern of a discone
a. Figure of eight
b. Bi-directional
c. Omnidirectional
d. Unidirectional
42. Radio wave concentration in the direction of the signal emitted by a directional antenna.
a. Back lobe radiation
b. Transmitted signal
c. Side lobe radiation
d. Major lobe radiation
43. The reflector and director of an antenna array are considered as:
a. Transcendental elements
b. Feed-points
c. Driven elements
d. Parasitic elements
44. An electronic equipment used to measure standing wave ratio:
a. Altimeter
b. Multimeter
 c. Reflectometer
d. Wavemeter
45. The product of the power supplied to the antenna and its gain relative to a half-wave
dipole in a given direction.
a. Rated power
b. ERP
c. Peak envelope power
d. Carrier power
46. What makes an antenna physicaly long electronically short?
a. Adding C in series
b. Top loading
c. Adding L in series
d. All of these
47. The capture area of an antenna is directly proportional to the
a. Distance between transmitter and receiver
b. Power density of the signal
c. Gain of the antenna
d. Frequency of the received signal
48. A type of an underfrounded antenna is a/an ________________.
a. Hertz
b. Isotropic
c. Parabolic
d. Marconi
49. What is meant by antenna gain?
a. The ratio of the signal in the forward direction to the signal in the backward direction
b. The ratio of the amount of power produced by the antenna compared to the output
power of the transmitter
c. The final amplifier gain minus the transmission line losses (including any phasing
lines present)
d. The numeric ratio relating the radiated signal strength of an antenna to that of
another antenna
50. It consists of a number of dipoles of equal size, equally spaces along a straight line with
all dipoles fed in the same phase from the same source.
a. End-fire array
b. Yagi antenna
c. Log-periodic antenna
d. Broadside array
51. A type of array antenna which consists of one half-wave driven dipole, one reflector and
one director.
a. Log periodic dipole array
 b. Yagi-uda
c. Herztian dipole
d. Broadside collinear
52. It is measure of the microwave power radiated from an antenna as a function of angular
direction from the antenna axis.
a. Polarization
b. Sidelobes
c. Beamwidth
d. Antenna pattern
53. What is the gain of four identically polarized antennas stacked one above the other fed in
phase?
a. 4 dB over the gain of one antenna
b. 10 dB over the gain of one antenna
c. 3 dB over the gain of one antenna
d. 6 dB over the gain of one antenna
54. Gain of an isotropic antenna.
a. 1 dB
b. -1 dB
c. 0 dB
d. 2 dB
55. A dipole antenna requires to be fed with 20 kW of power to produce a given signal
strength to a particular distant point. If the addition of a reflector makes the same field
strength available with an input power of 11 kW, what is the gain in dB obtained by the
use of the reflector? (Gain referred to this particular dipole)
a. 4. 75
b. 1.81
c. 4.24
d. 2.6
56. Top loading is used in an antenna in order to increase its __________________.
a. Bandwidth
b. Beamwidth
c. Input capacitance
d. Effective height
57. A horizontal antenna is
a. Perpendicularly polarized
b. Centrally polarized
c. Horizontally polarized
d. Vertically polarized
58. The frequency of operation of a dipole antenna cut to length of 3.4 m.
a. 42.9 MHz
 b. 53.3 MHZ
c. 38.5 MHz
d. 61.3 MHz
59. Two or more antennas separated by 9 wavelengths are used.
a. Frequency diversity
b. Space diversity
c. Hybrid diversity
d. Polarized diversity
60. A convenient method of determining antenna impedance.
a. Trial and error
b. Stub matching
c. Smith chart
d. Reactance circle
61. Width measured in degrees of a major lobe between end of the lobe at which the relative
power is one half (-3 dB) its value from the peak of the lobe.
a. Radiation
b. Wavelength
c. Bandwidth
d. Beamwidth
62. An increase in the effective power radiated by an antenna in a certain desired direction at
the expense of power radiated in other directions.
a. Antenna gain
b. Antenna efficiency
c. Antenna total ratio
d. Antenna back lobe ratio
63. Where does the maximum current and minimum voltage value on a resonant Hertz dipole
exist?
a. Center of the antenna
b. Ends of the antenna
c. Near the center of the antenna
d. Near the end of the antenna
64. How can the antenna efficiency of a HF grounded vertical antenna be made comparable
to that of a half-wave antenna?
a. By isolating the coax shield from ground
b. By installing a good ground radial system
c. By shortening the vertical
d. By isolating the coax shield from ground
65. Known as the technique for adding a series inductor at or near the center of an antenna
element in order to cancel the capacitive reactance of an antenna.
a. Reflector
 b. Center loading
c. Dipole
d. Loading coil
66. What is meant by the term antenna bandwidth?
a. The angle between the half-power radiation points
b. The angle formed between two imaginary lines drawn through the ends of the
elements
c. The frequency range over which an antenna can be expected to perform well
d. Antenna length divided by the number of elements
67. Where does the voltage node of a half-wave antenna exist?
a. At feed point
b. Near the feed point
c. Near the center
d. At center
68. This is a flexible vertical rod antenna commonly used on mobiles.
a. Hertz
b. Ground plane
c. Whip
d. Marconi
69. What is a dummy antenna?
a. A non-directional transmitting antenna
b. An antenna used for hand-held ratio
c. One which is used as a reference for gain measurements
d. A non-radiating load for a transmitter used for testing
70. Best description of a collinear and broadside antenna radiation pattern.
a. Bidirectional
b. Omnidirectional
c. Unidirectional
d. Perfect circle
71. What is a driven element of an antenna?
a. Always the forwardmost element
b. Always the rearmost element
c. The element fed by the transmission line
d. The element connected to the rotator
72. Antenna which is not properly terminated
a. Whip
b. Non-resonant
c. Isotropic
d. Resonant
73. At the ends of a half-wave antenna, what values of current and voltage exist compared to
the remainder of the antenna?
a. Minimum voltage and maximum current
b. Maximum voltage and minimum current
c. Minimum voltage and minimum current
d. Equal voltage and current
74. Refers to a type of beam antenna which uses two or more straight elements arranged in
line with each other.
a. Whip antenna
b. Yagi antenna
c. Rhombic antenna
d. Dipole antenna
75. What is meant by the term radiation resistance for an antenna?
a. Losses in the antenna elements and feed line
b. An equivalent resistance that would dissipate the same amount of power as that
radiated from an antenna
c. The resistance in the trap coils to received signal
d. The specific impedance of the antenna
76. Which of the following parts of the radio receiver represents the component that extracts
the desired RF signal from the electromagnetic wave?
a. Detector
b. Antenna
c. Crystal
d. AF amplifier
77. Determine the dB of a receiving antenna which delivers a microvolt signal to a
transmission line over that of an antenna that delivers a 20 microvolt signal under
identical circumstances.
a. -26 dB
b. 26 dB
c. 3 dB
d. 10 dB
78. What is the term for the ratio of the radiation resistance of an antenna to the total
resistance of the system?
a. Antenna efficiency
b. Radiation conversion loss
c. Beamwidth
d. Effective radiated power
79. One of the following prevents a transmitter from emitting a signal that interferes with
other station on frequency during the test.
a. Use of shielded antenna radiator
 b. Use of low height antenna
c. Use of dummy antenna
d. Use of grounded antenna
80. In high frequency radio transmission, the lower the radio frequency the
_______________ of the antenna.
a. Longer the length
b. Bigger the diameter
c. Shorter length
d. Smaller the diameter
81. Which of the following antenna where its beamwidth is determined by the dimensions of
its lens or reflector?
a. Whip antenna
b. Aperiodic antenna
c. Aperture antenna
d. Long wire antenna
82. What measure will you adopt on the antenna system of a VHF or UHF mobile
transceivers that has very low height antenna?
a. Increase transmitter to antenna cable
b. Use directional antenna
c. Check grounding system
d. Provide loading coil
83. In order to have an effective radio antenna, the design of its radiator must have a
minimum length equivalent to ________________.
a. /10
b. /4
c. /14
d. /6
84. What is a parasitic element of an antenna?
a. An element dependent on the antenna structure for support.
b. A transmission line that radiates radio-frequency energy.
c. An element that receives its excitation from mutual coupling rather than from a
transmission line.
d. An element-polarized 90 degrees opposite the driven element.
85. At what position does a maritime ship main antenna have when it is open circuited and
that any auxiliary is/are connected to the main receiver?
a. AA
b. Emergency transmitter
c. Direction finder
d. Ground
86. Due to the presence of parallel LC networks in the trap antenna, one of the following is a
disadvantage of using this kind of antenna.
a. Radiate harmonics
b. Reduce power
c. Reduce beamwidth
d. Allow entry of interference
87. How do you compare the length of the reflector element of a parasitic beam antenna with
that of its driven element?
a. Same length
b. Reflector element is 5% longer
c. Reflector element is half shorter
d. Reflector element is 5% shorter
88. Which of the following statements refers to a reason why intelligence signal cannot be
transmitted directly on their frequency?
a. Their frequencies are high and are susceptible to noise
b. Their frequencies are high and need very large antennas
c. Their frequencies are low and need very large antennas
d. Their frequencies are low and need very small antennas
89. What is the purpose of a certain antenna component composed of a parallel LC networks
inserted in the antenna called traps?
a. Cancel the capacitive reactance of an antenna
b. Enhance directivity
c. Produce resonant system at specific frequency
d. Provide a multiband operation
90. Refers to the numerical ratio relating to the radiated signal strength of an antenna to that
of another antenna.
a. Antenna loss
b. Antenna gain
c. Antenna bandwidth
d. Antenna efficiency
91. How much longer or shorter does the length of the director element of parasitic beam
antenna compared with that of the driven element?
a. About 5% shorter
b. Around 10% longer
c. One half longer
d. Around 5% longer
92. Refers to the ratio of radiated to reflected energy.
a. Front-to-back ratio
b. Antenna efficiency
c. Radiation efficiency
 d. Signal-to-noise ratio
93. A half-wave dipole antenna
a. Hertz
b. Marconi
c. Parabolic
d. Vertical monopole
94. When conductors are spread out in a straight line to a total length of one-quarter
wavelength, the antenna is called what?
a. Marconi
b. Vertical monopole
c. Quarter-wave dipole
d. All of these
95. What do you call of a polar diagram or graph representing field strengths or power
densities at various angular positions relative to an antenna?
a. Venn diagram
b. Figure-8 pattern
c. Lissajous figure
d. Radiation pattern
96. ________________ is the ratio of the front lobe power to the back lobe power.
a. Front-to-side ratio
b. Front-to-back ratio
c. Back-to-front ratio
d. Minor-to-major ratio
97. It is defined as the area within a distance D2/ from the antenna, where is the
wavelength and D is the antenna diameter in the same units.
a. Far field
b. Near field
c. Green field
d. Radiation field
98. What is the ratio of the power radiated by the antenna to the total input power?
a. Power gain
b. Directive gain
c. Antenna efficiency
d. Radiation efficiency
99. _________________ of an antenna refers to the orientation of the electric field radiated
from it.
a. Radiation
b. Bandwidth
c. Beamwidth
d. Polarization
100. Pertains to a wire structure placed below the antenna and erected above the ground. It is a
form of capacitive ground system.
a. Image
b. Counterpoise
c. Antenna orientation
d. Antenna polarization

COMMUNICATIONS ENGINNERING PART 7

MICROWAVES

1. Indicate which of the following frequencies cannot be used for reliable beyond-the-
horizon terrestrial communications without repeaters:
a. 20 kHz
b. 15 MHz
c. 900 MHz
d. 12 GHz
2. A ship-to-ship communications system is plagued by fading. The best solution seems to
be the use of
a. A more directional antenna
b. A broadband antenna
c. Frequency diversity
d. Space diversity
3. A range of microwave frequencies more easily passed by the atmosphere than are the
others is called a
a. Window
b. Critical frequency
c. Gyro frequency range
d. Resonance in the atmosphere
4. Frequencies in the UHF range propagate by means of
a. Ground waves
b. Sky waves
c. Surface waves
d. Space waves
5. Tropospheric scatter is used with frequencies in the following range:
a. HF
b. VHF
c. UHF
d. VLF
6. When microwave signals follow the curvature of the earth, this is known as
 a. The Faraday effect
b. Ducting
c. Tropospheric scatter
d. Iosnospheric reflection
7. Helical antennas are often used for satellite tracking at VHF because of
a. Troposcatter
b. Superrefraction
c. Ionospheric refraction
d. The Faraday effect
8. _______________ consists basically of a thin film strip in intimate contact with one side
of a flat dielectric substrate, with a similar thin-film ground plane conductor on the other
side of the substrate.
a. Strip line
b. Lecher wire
c. Microstrip
d. Stub
9. Waveguide is a
a. Device used to determine the wavelength of a signal
b. Hollow metal tube used for transmission of microwave energy
c. Plastic tubular transmission line for high RF network
d. Braided wire used for transmission of HF
10. Transmission lines which can convey electromagnetic waves only in higher order modes
are usually called
a. Coaxial cable
b. Twisted pair
c. Power lines
d. Waveguides
11. In order to reduce cross-sectional dimensions, the waveguide to use is
a. Circular
b. Ridge
c. Rectangular
d. Elliptical
12. A signal propagated in a waveguide has a full wave of electric intensity change between
the two farther walls, and no component of the electric field in the direction of
propagation. The mode is
a. TE1,1
b. TE1,0
c. TM2,2
d. TE2,0
13. When a particular mode is excited in a waveguide, there appears an extra electric
component, in the direction of propagation. The resulting mode is
a. Transverse electric
b. Transverse magnetic
c. Longitudinal
d. Transverse electromagnetic
e. None of these
14. The wavelength of a wave in a waveguide
a. Is greater than in free space
b. Depends on waveguide dimensions and free space wavelength
c. Is inversely proportional to the phase velocity
d. Is directly proportional to the group velocity
15. When electromagnetic waves are propagated in a waveguide, they
a. Travel along the broader walls of the guide
b. Are reflected from walls but not travel along them
c. Travel through the dielectric without touching the walls
d. Travel along the 4 walls of the waveguides
16. When microwave signals follow the curvature of the earth, this is known as
a. Faraday Effect
b. Deducting
c. Tropospheric Scatter
d. Ionospheric Reflection
17. A waveguide mode in which there is no component of electric field in the direction of
propagation given in the British European standards.
a. H-mode
b. E-mode
c. TE mode
d. M-mode
18. The extra strength needed in order to assure that enough signal reaches the receiving
antenna and must be made available to compensate for fades; computed as the difference
between the received signal strength and the threshold level
a. Fade Margin
b. Threshold Level
c. Noise Figure
d. RSL
19. The use of redundant system to reduce the effects of multipath fading is
a. Combining
b. Modulation
c. Multiplexing
d. Diversity
20. A profile graph of the microwave energy path
a. Shows the cross section of the earths surface
b. Determines LOS or site technical feasibility
c. Determines the actual clearance, antenna heights and system reliability
d. All of the preceding
21. In locating microwave relay stations, the systems designer must consider
a. Terrain obstructions and reflection points
b. Site security and navigational hazards
c. Availability of power, water source and accessible roads
d. All of the above
22. A microwave path over which radio waves barely touches the obstruction is called
a. Line of Sight
b. Obstructed Path
c. Grazing Path
d. Crooked Path
23. What is the function of regenerative repeater?
a. To eliminate bias distortion
b. To help in the loading of the telegraphs lines
c. To reduce required signal levels
d. To reshape the pulses after they have become distorted
24. A situation when there is no change in attenuation or no gain, no loss occurs when
________ % of the first Fresnel radius clears a path obstruction in microwave systems.
a. 45%
b. 60%
c. 75%
d. 85%
25. ____________ are concentric circular zones about a direct path of a microwave signal
called Huygens radiation center, forming an imaginary solid called an ellipsoid
__________.
a. Temperature zone
b. Skip zone
c. Fresnel zone
d. Fraunhoffer zone
26. Waveguides are used mainly for microwave transmission because
a. They depend on straight line propagation
b. Losses are heavy at lower frequencies
c. They are bulky at lower frequencies
d. No generator is powerful enough to excite them
27. A waveguide assembly that lets the radar transmitter and receiver share an antenna is
called
 a. Translator
b. Diplexer
c. Flip-flop
d. duplexer
28. ________________ is a graph wherein the terrain in which the microwave beam should
traverse.
a. Topograph
b. Radio path profile
c. Fresnel graph
d. Net path graph
29. The Fresnel zone is the circular zone about the _______ path.
a. Reflected
b. Direct
c. LOS
d. Refracted
30. The radius in the circular zone is in the first Fresnel zone when the reflected path is
_______ longer than the direct path.
a. /2
b.
c. /4
d. /8
31. At __________ of the first Fresnel zone is a condition where there is no gain and no loss.
a. 0.5
b. 0.6
c. 0.7
d. 0.8
32. The weakest signal the receiver could accept to be considered satisfactory.
a. Threshold
b. Fade margin
c. RSL
d. NPL
33. The frequency band from 8 to 12 GHz is known as the band.
a. C
b. Ku
c. X
d. Ka
34. The difference between the Received Signal Level and the FM Improvement Threshold
a. System Gain
b. Noise Threshold
c. Fade Margin
 d. Reliability
35. A Fade Margin of 28 dB has a reliability of
a. 99%
b. 99.9%
c. 99.99%
d. 99.999%
36. Topographical maps are used for microwave communications systems design because
_________ are shown, thereby elevations are known.
a. Latitudes
b. Longitudes
c. Contour lines
d. Scales
37. The dominant mode in a rectangular waveguide.
a. TEM
b. TE1,1
c. TE1,0
d. TM1,1
38. The velocity of a resultant wave as it travels through the waveguide.
a. Speed of light
b. Group velocity
c. Phase velocity
d. Incident velocity
39. The principal mode for a circular waveguide.
a. TE1,0
b. TM2,0
c. TE1,1
d. TEM
40. A type of waveguide that reduces the cutoff wavelength, increases bandwidth and
allows for a variation of the characteristics impedance.
a. Ridge
b. Rectangular
c. Tee
d. Twisted
41. The subscript which indicates the number of /2 s along the waveguide height.
a. m
b. n
c. a
d. b
42. The international equivalent of the TE mode
a. H
 b. E
c. Z
d. TEM
43. The smallest free space wavelength that is just unable to propagate in the waveguide
under given conditions.
a. Guide
b. Phase
c. Cut-off
d. Group
44. The characteristic wave impedance of a waveguide in the TE mode is _______ that of
the TM mode.
a. Equal to
b. Higher than
c. Lower than
d. NOTA
45. The following are methods of exciting waveguides except
a. Slot coupling
b. Antennas
c. Flanges
d. Direct coupling
46. Higher order mode-waveguides are not used in practice because they have ______ cut-
off frequencies.
a. Low
b. High
c. Indeterminate
d. Fixed
47. Indicate which of the following cannot be followed by the word waveguide
a. Elliptical
b. Flexible
c. Coaxial
d. Ridged
48. A piston attenuator is a
a. Vane attenuator
b. Waveguide below cut-off
c. Mode filter
d. Flap attenuator
49. Which of the following waveguide tuning components is not easily adjustable?
a. Screw
b. Stub
c. Iris
 d. Plunger
50. Which of the following is not a waveguide termination component?
a. Tapered pyramid
b. Post
c. Tapered resistance card
d. Stepped resistance card
51. What microwave component can sample part of the power travelling through the
waveguide?
a. Directional coupler
b. Magic tee
c. Circulator
d. Re-entrant cavity
52. The following are gases used for LASERs except
a. Helium
b. Neon
c. Argon
d. ruby
53. Also known as the optical maser
a. Ruby maser
b. LASER
c. Quantum mechanics
d. GaAs maser
54. Paramagnetic means _____________ magnetic
a. Almost
b. Fully
c. Slightly
d. Electro
55. Tuning the ruby maser is done by adjusting the _________ to alter the energy level of
the ferrous chromium.
a. Electric field
b. Magnetic field
c. Pumping of electrons
d. Electromagnetic field
56. To overcome the very narrow bandwidth in ruby maser, _______ is used.
a. Magnetron
b. TWT
c. IMPATT diode
d. Gunn diode
57. The following are applications of masers except
a. Radioastronomy
 b. Radiotelescope
c. Radar
d. ET communications
58. A parametric amplifier is a device which amplifies signal by varying the
a. Resistance
b. Reactance
c. Magnetic field
d. Electric field
59. The following are parts of the parametric amplifier except
a. Idling circuit
b. Pump circuit
c. Tuned circuit
d. Filter circuit
60. The number of cavities in a magnetron used in practice.
a. 4
b. 6
c. 8
d. 10
61. Changing the anode voltage to change the velocity of the electrons in a magnetron tube
a. Frequency pushing
b. Frequency pulling
c. Strapping
d. Pumping
62. The lowest frequency that will propagate through the waveguide while operating in a
particular mode.
a. Critical frequency
b. Cut-off frequency
c. MUF
d. UHF
63. The mode of a waveguide where there is no component of magnetic field in the direction
of propagation
a. TE
b. TM
c. H
d. TEM
64. The following are slow wave structures used to retard the RF field in a TWT except
a. Helix
b. Attenuator
c. Waveguide coupled cavity
d. NOTA
65. A rectangular waveguide is 5.1 cm by 2.4 cm. The cut-off frequency for the dominant
mode is
a. 2.94 GHz
b. 6.25 GHz
c. 664 MHz
d. 57.7 GHz
66. Calculate the cut-off wavelength, the guide wavelength and the characteristic impedance
of a circular waveguide whose internal diameter is 4 cm for a 10 GHz signal propagated
in it in the dominant mode. (kr=1.84)
a. 6.83 cm, 3 cm, 420
b. 3 cm , 6.83 cm, 420
c. 6.83 cm, 3.34 cm, 420
d. 6.83 cm, 3.34 cm, 338
67. A wave is propagated in a parallel plane waveguide. The frequency is 6 GHz and the
plane separation is 3 cm. The cut-off wavelength for the dominant mode, the group and
phase velocities are
a. 5 cm, 166 Mm/sec,543 Mn/sec
b. 6 cm, 166 Mm/sec,543 Mn/sec
c. 6 cm, 543 Mm/sec,166 Mn/sec
d. 5 cm, 543 Mm/sec,166 Mn/sec
68. If the MTBF of a communication circuit is 20,000 hours and its MTTR is 5 hours, what
is its unavailability?
a. 0.00025
b. 99.975%
c. 0.25 %
d. 00.975%
69. What would be the ERP, in watts if the transmitter output is 30 dBm and the
transmission line loss is 20 dB and the antenna connected to it has a power gain of 60 dB?
a. 10,000 watts
b. 1000 watts
c. 100 watts
d. 10 watts
70. Also referred to as the Transferred Electron Device
a. Magnetron
b. TWT
c. Gunn diode
d. APD
71. Also known as the Esaki diode
a. Gunn
b. Tunnel
 c. IMPATT
d. PIN diode
72. The following are negative resistance amplifiers except
a. Tunnel
b. Gunn
c. IMPATT
d. PIN diode
73. Regarded as the oldest semiconductor device
a. Shottky Barrier diode
b. PIN diode
c. Point contact diode
d. Triode
74. Also called the hot electron diode
a. PIN diode
b. ESBAR
c. APD
d. Gunn diode
75. Also called tunnel rectifiers
a. Backward diode
b. Schottky barrier diode
c. APD
d. PIN diode
76. Varactors are variable __________ diode.
a. Reactance
b. Capacitance
c. Inductance
d. Resistance
77. Diodes designed to store energy in their capacitance during forward bias and generates
harmonics in the reverse bias.
a. Step recovery
b. Gunn
c. APD
d. IMPATT
78. A cross between the TWT and the magnetron in its operation
a. CFA
b. BWO
c. EIA
d. Twystron
79. The following are parts of a multicavity klystron except
a. Buncher cavity
 b. Catcher cavity
c. Cathode
d. Attenuator
80. The very first microwave transistors
a. GaAs FET
b. Si BJT
c. MIC
d. NOTA
81. The most common microwave FET which is also known as the MESFET
a. Dual GaAs FET
b. Si BJT
c. MIC
d. Schottky Barrier Gate
82. It looks like a shorter, thicker TWT
a. CFA
b. BWO
c. EIA
d. Twystron
83. A Twystron is a hybrid combination of
a. TWT and Magnetron
b. TWT and Klystron
c. TWT and Ubitron
d. TWT and gyrotron
84. A multicavity klystron with interconnected multigap cavities
a. TWT
b. Twystron
c. EIA
d. Gyrotron
85. SAW propagate in
a. GaAs
b. InP
c. Stripline
d. Quartz crystal
86. The output from a laser is monochromatic; this means that it is
a. Infrared
b. Narrow beam
c. Polarized
d. Single frequency
87. The ruby laser differs from the ruby maser in that the former
a. Does not require pumping
 b. Needs no resonator
c. Is an oscillator
d. Produces much lower powers
88. The transmission system using two ground planes
a. Microstrip
b. Elliptical waveguide
c. Parallel wire line
d. Stripline
89. A BWO is based on the
a. Rising sun magnetron
b. CFA
c. Coaxial magnetron
d. TWT
90. One of the following is unlikely to be used as a pulsed device
a. Multicavity klystron
b. BWO
c. CFA
d. TWT
91. A microwave tube amplifier uses an axial magnetic field and a radial electric field
a. Reflex klystron
b. Coaxial magnetron
c. TW magnetron
d. CFA
92. The attenuator is used in the TWT to
a. Help bunching
b. Prevent oscillation
c. Prevent saturation
d. Increase gain
93. The glass tube of a TWT may be coated with aquadag to
a. Help focusing
b. Provide attenuation
c. Improve bunching
d. Increase gain
94. The cavity magnetron uses strapping to
a. Prevent mode jumping
b. Prevent cathode back heating
c. Ensure bunching
d. Improve the phase focusing effect
95. Compared with equivalent transmission lines, 3-GHz waveguides (indicate false
statement)
 a. Are less lossy
b. Can carry higher powers
c. Are less bulky
d. Have lower attenuation
96. Indicate the false statement. When the free-space wavelength of a signal equals the cut-
off wavelength of the guide
a. The group velocity of the signal becomes zero
b. The phase velocity of the signal becomes infinite
c. The characteristic impedance of the guide becomes infinite
d. The wavelength within the waveguide becomes infinite
97. A disadvantage of microstrip with respect to stripline circuits is that the former
a. Do not lend themselves to printed-circuit techniques
b. Are more likely to radiate
c. Are bulkier
d. Are more expensive and complex to manufacture
98. In order to couple two generators to a waveguide system without coupling them to each
other, one could not use a
a. Rat-race
b. E-plane T
c. Hybrid ring
d. Magic T
99. A PIN diode is
a. A metal semiconductor point-contact diode
b. A microwave mixer diode
c. Often used as a microwave detector
d. Suitable for use as a microwave switch
100. For handling high powers, the best transmission medium is
a. Stripline
b. Microstrip
c. Rectangular waveguide
d. Coaxial line

COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING PART 8

SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS
1. The first duplex satellite is
a. Moon
b. Sputnik 1
c. Telstar
d. Early Bird
2. The FDMA technique wherein voice band channels are assigned on as needed basis.
a. PAMA
b. DAMA
c. SSMA
d. CDMA
3. A form of CDMA where a digital code is used to continually change the frequency of the
carrier.
a. Spread Spectrum
b. Frequency Hopping
c. Store and Forward
d. SPADE
4. The satellite frequency reuse method which sends different information signals using
vertical or horizontal electromagnetic polarization.
a. Multiple coverage areas
b. Dual polarization
c. Spatial separation
d. Spread spectrum
5. A satellite communication link between Pinugay Earth Station, Philippines and Mt.
Fucino Earth Station, Italy is to be established. If the assigneduplink frequency at
Pinugay Earth Station is 6175 MHz, what is the downlink frequency at Mt. Fucino Earth
Station, in MHz?
a. 4545
b. 3950
c. 3789
d. 4200
6. A satellite equipped with electronic devices to receive, amplify, convert and retransmit
signals.
a. Passive
b. Active
c. Uplink
d. Downlink
7. The orbit of any planet is an ellipse with the sun at one focus. This is
a. Keplers First Law
b. Keplers Second Law
c. Keplers Third Law
d. Law of Universal Gravitation
8. The point in an satellite orbit which is farthest away from the earth
a. Perigee
b. Apogee
c. Azimuth
d. Ascending node
9. The first active satellite which transmitted telemetry information
a. Telstar 1
b. Aguila II
c. Palapa A 1
d. Sputnik
10. The portion of the satellite communication link involving the transmission of traffic from
ground station to satellite.
a. Uplink
b. Lowlink
c. Paylink
d. Bus transmission
11. It is spacecraft places in orbit around the earth carrying on-board microwave receiving
and transmitting equipment.
a. Communication satellite
b. Terrestrial link
c. Transponder
d. Microwave repeater
12. Satellite position has an/a ___________ angle with respect to the horizon.
a. Azimuth
b. Depression
c. Elevation
d. Critical
13. A satellite that revolves from North to South.
a. Equatorial
b. Polar
c. Orbital
d. Inclined
14. The Keplers Law which is also known as the Law of Areas.
a. First Law
b. Second Law
c. Third Law
d. None of the above
15. The satellite multiple access technique which uses the spread spectrum technology is
a. FDMA
b. TDMA
c. CDMA
d. DAMA
16. The point where the orbit crosses the equatorial plane going from South to North.
a. Ascending Node
b. Descending Node
c. Apogee
d. Perigee
17. The footprint which covers approximately one-third of the earths surface using a 17
degree beamwidth.
a. Spot coverage
b. Zonal coverage
c. Earth coverage
d. Regional coverage
18. An earth station transmits signal to a satellite 38,500 km., directly overhead it. What is
the propagation delay when the signal is received back at the same earth station, in
milliseconds.
 a. 257
b. 200
c. 285
d. 185
19. When a satellite orbits in the opposite direction as the earths rotation with an angular
velocity less than that of the earth.
a. Bus transmission
b. Payload
c. Prograde
d. Retrograde
20. The actual user information conveyed through the satellite system.
a. Bus transmission
b. Payload
c. Prograde
d. Retrograde
21. The spatial separation between geosynchronous satellites
a. 1 3 degrees
b. 3 6 degrees
c. 6 8 degrees
d. 8 10 degrees
22. _______________ detects the satellite signal relayed from the feed and converts it to an
electric current, amplifies and lower its frequency.
a. Feedhorn
b. Satellite dish
c. Satellite receiver
d. LNB
23. What kind of battery panels are used in some advance satellites?
a. Gallium Arsenide solar panel
b. Silicon based panels
c. Germanium based panels
d. Gallium Phosphate solar panel
24. Footprint refers to coverage area in the globe
a. Satellite radiation polarization
b. Satellite navigation
c. Satellite radiation pattern
d. Satellite coverage
25. Satellite system or part of a satellite system, consisting of only one satellite and the
operating earth station.
a. Satellite system
b. Satellite network
c. Space system
d. Multi-satellite link
26. Known to be the first satellite capable to receive and transmit simultaneously.
a. Syscom I
b. Echo I
c. Telstar I
 d. Score
27. A satellite receives an uplink frequency of ____________ MHz from a ground station of
3700 MHz.
a. 8150 MHz
b. 1475 MHz
c. 2225 MHz
d. 5925 MHz
28. What band does VSAT first operate?
a. X-band
b. C-band
c. Ku-band
d. L-band
29. Satellite engine use
a. Liquid fuel
b. Jet propulsion
c. Ion propulsion system
d. Solar jet
30. The first passive satellite transponder
a. Early bird
b. Score
c. Moon
d. Sputnik
31. Satellite used for intercontinental communications are known as
a. Comsat
b. Domsat
c. Marisat
d. Intelsat
32. AsiaSat 1 covers how many countries in Asia?
a. 38
b. 40
c. 44
d. 42
33. An area on the surface of the earth within which the boresight of the steerable satellite
beam intended to be pointed.
a. Equivalent boresight area
b. Contour boresight area
c. Coordination boresight area
d. Effective boresight area
34. Refers to the man-made body sent into continuous orbit around the earth, which provides
propagation paths for radio waves between terrestrial transmitters and receivers.
a. Rocket
b. Allotter relay
c. Space shuttle
d. Communication satellite
35. What is the basic function of a communications satellite?
a. To act as a receiving antenna for broadcast FM
 b. To compensate for the antenna limitations
c. To eliminate aerodynamic drag
d. To acts as receiving antenna for broadcast AM
36. Typical round-trip distance and transmission time for a satellite relay
a. About 300 ms and 90,000 km, respectively
b. 90,000 km and about 300 ms, respectively
c. 90,000 mi and about 100 ms, respectively
d. 90,000 mi and 300 ms, respectively
37. The figure of a satellite defines in orbit
a. Circle
b. Elliptical
c. Parabolic
d. Hyperbolic
38. Considered as the corrupting influence(s) in the satellite movement.
a. Gravitational pill between the earth and the orbiting satellite
b. Atmospheric drag on the satellite
c. Orbital ellipse
d. All of these
39. The orbit of communications satellites id defined by the angle with respect to the earth
equator, which is the 0o plane. What is (are) the basic orbital angle(s)?
a. Polar
b. Inclined
c. Equatorial
d. All of the above
40. How do we measure the position of a satellite?
a. By its elevation angle with respect to the horizon
b. By its azimuth angle measured clockwise from the direction of true north
c. Through the line of apsides
d. A and B are correct
41. Which of the following cause(s) the satellites orbital distortions?
a. Sun
b. Earth
c. Moon
d. All of the above
42. What is the approximate service life of communications satellites?
a. 3 years only
b. 5 to 20 years
c. 20 to 60 years
d. 100 years
43. Representing application of the extraordinary advances technology of satellites to solve
the problem of accurate, reliable, 26 hr/day navigation.
a. Global Positioning System (GPS)
b. Navigation System using Timing and Ranging (NAVSTAR)
c. A and B are correct
d. LORAN
44. A system based on the accurate knowledge by the vessel of the position of each of four
satellites, as calculated by the time with respect to the user.
a. GPS
b. A or D
c. LORAN
d. NAVSTAR
45. Segment(s) of a complete GPS system is(are)
a. Control segment
b. Space segment
c. User segment
d. All of these
46. Its function assures the overall system performance and accuracy
a. Control segment
b. Space segment
c. User segment
d. All of these
47. The user segment is used to received signals for the GPS system from the four satellites,
compute the time differences, and determine position, while space segments function
is(are)
a. To received signals for the GPS system from the four satellites, compute the distance
differences, and determine position
b. To transmit time codes and orbital position information to the users
c. To assure the overall performance and accuracy
d. All of the above
48. How do you describe the complete signal path of the satellite communications operation?
a. Begins at a ground station, proceeds to an uplink, then to a downlink, and ends at a
receiving ground station.
b. From the satellite, to a downlink, tehn to a ground station.
c. Begins at a ground station, proceeds to an uplink, to the satellite itself, to a
downlink, and ends at a receiving ground station
d. All of these
49. What is a passive satellite?
a. A satellite capable of receiving, amplifying, and retransmitting information to and
from earth stations.
b. A bent-pipe or a reflector which bounces a signal from one place to another.
c. A satellite which receives transmissions from earth stations, stored them on magnetic
tape, and rebroadcast them to ground stations farther along in its orbit.
d. A or C
50. How does communication between satellite be achieved
a. Using satellite cross-links
b. Intersatellite links (ISLs)
c. Through is ground stations
d. A or B is correct
51. Which of the following refers to a delayed repeater satellite?
a. A satellite capable of receiving, amplifying, and retransmitting information to and
from earth stations.
 b. A bent-pipe or a reflector which bounces a signal from one place to another.
c. A satellite which receives transmissions from earth stations, stored them on
magnetic tape, and rebroadcast them to ground stations farther along in its orbit.
d. All of these
52. Satellite orbiting in the same direction as earths rotation and at an angular velocity
greater than the earth is called prograde orbit; and a satellite orbiting which is in the
opposite direction as Earths rotation or in the same direction but at an angular velocity
less than that of Earth is known as
a. Haleys orbit
b. Elliptical orbit
c. Equatorial orbit
d. Retrograde orbit
53. Are satellites that orbit in a circular pattern with an angular velocity equal to that of earth.
a. Geostationary or geosynchronous satellite
b. Nonsynchronous satellite
c. Orbital satellites
d. B or C is correct

54. What do you call of a satellite used to provide satellite services within a single country?
a. Orbital satellite
b. Geostationary satellite
c. Nonsynchronous satellite
d. Domestic satellite or domsat
55. Which of the following is not an advantage of geosynchronous orbit?
a. No need to switch from one satellite to another as satellites orbit overhead, therefore,
no breaks of transmission due to switching times.
b. High-altitude geosynchronous satellites can cover a much larger area
c. Geosynchronous satellites require higher transmit powers and more sensitive
receivers because of the longer distances and greater path loss.
d. Satellite remains almost stationary in respect to a given earth station, therefore,
expensive tracking equipment is not required at the earth stations.
56. Which of the following parameters (height of the satellite from earth, travel time, rotation
period, and the satellites line of sight) refer to low-altitude satellite?
a. 19,000 25,000 mi; 6,879 mi/hr; 24 hr; and 24-h availability time, respectively
b. 6,000 12,000 mi; 12,189 mi/hr; 5 12 hr; and 2- 4 hr per orbit, respectively
c. 100 300 mi; 17,500 mi/hr; 1 hr, and or less per orbit, respective
d. 50 95 mi; 25,600 mi/hr, hr; and 1/8 or less per orbit, respectively
57. There are two primary classifications of communications satellite; one uses the angular
momentum of its spinning body to provide roll and yaw relative to earths surface while
an internal subsystem provides roll and yaw stabilization. What are they?
a. gyroscopic satellites
b. delayed repeater satellites
c. passive and active satellites
d. spinners and three-axis stabilizer satellites
58. How do radiation patterns or beams from a satellite antenna categorized?
 a. Spot
b. Earth
c. Zonal
d. All of these
59. A ____________ satellite with an orbital period of one sidereal day or nominally, 24 h
a. Bent-pipe satellite
b. Processing satellite
c. Geostationary satellite
d. ANIK-D communications satellite
60. 19,000 25,000 mi height; 6, 879 mi/hr travel time; 24-hr rotation; and 24-hr availability
time belong to what satellite?
a. Low-altitude satellites (circular orbit)
b. Medium-altitude satellites (elliptical orbit)
c. High-altitude satellites (geosynchronous orbit)
d. GLONASS
61. An orbit when the satellite rotates in a path above the equator.
a. Polar orbit
b. Inclines orbit
c. Equatorial orbit
d. Geosynchronous orbit
62. Orbiting satellite system in Russia which means lightning or news flash, used for
television broadcasting. It uses a highly inclined elliptical orbit with apogee at about
40,000 km and perigee at about 1,000 km.
a. Molniya system
b. Molnya system
c. Molnia system
d. All are correct
63. Polar and inclined orbits refer to what?
a. Any other orbital path, and rotation above the equator, respectively
b. Any other orbital path, and rotation that takes over the north and south poles,
respectively
c. Rotation that takes over the north and south poles, and any other orbital path,
respectively
d. Rotation above the equator, and rotation that takes over the north and south poles,
respectively
64. ____________ means the farthest distance from earth a satellite orbit reaches while
____________ is the minimum distance.
a. Apogee and perigee, respectively
b. Perigee and apogee, respectively
c. A and B are the same
d. None of these
65. Refers to the line joining the perigee and apogee through the center of the earth
a. Line of sight
b. Line of nodes
c. Equatorial nelt
d. Line of apsides
66. The point where the orbit crosses the equatorial plane going from north to south; and the
point where the orbit crosses the equatorial plane going from south to north refer to
a. Ascending node
b. Descending node
c. Ascending node and descending node, respectively
d. Descending node and ascending node, respectively
67. What is the line joining the ascending and descending nodes through the center of the
earth?
a. Line of apsides
b. Line of nodes
c. Line of shoot
d. Line of sight
68. Refers to the horizontal pointing of an antenna.
a. Look angle
b. Elevation
c. Azimuth
d. Spot
69. What is meant by the angle of elevation?
a. The angle formed between the direction of travel of a wave radiated from an earth
station antenna and the horizontal.
b. The horizontal pointing of an antenna
c. The angle subtended at the earth station antenna between the satellite and the
horizontal
d. A or C is right
70. The range of frequencies used by communications satellites?
a. From 1 GHz up to 3 GHz
b. From 1 GHz up to 30 GHz
c. From 30 GHz up to 300 GHz
d. From 300 GHz up to 350 GHz
71. Otherwise considered as radio repeater in the sky.
a. Transponder
b. Satellite
c. Sputnik
d. Courier
72. How does interference between uplink and downlink signals be prevented?
a. By using different ground stations
b. By using different satellites
c. By using different carrier frequencies
d. All of these
73. An electronic system called transponder of the communications satellite is used
a. For frequency translations
b. To retransmit signals
c. To receive signals
d. All of the above
74. What do you call of the signal path from the transmitter to satellite and from the satellite
to earth-based receiver?
 a. Downlink and uplink, respectively
b. Downlink
c. Uplink and downlink, respectively
d. Uplink
75. Why is it that the uplink is always higher in frequency than the downlink?
a. Because the uplink suffers greater spreading or free-space loss of frequency than its
lower counterpart
b. Since an earth station aims upward with well-controlled antenna sidelobes
c. A and B are correct
d. None of these
76. What is frequency hopping?
a. A form of CDMA where a digital code is used to continually change the frequency of
the carrier
b. Available bandwidth is partitioned into smaller frequency bands and the total
transmission time is subdivided into smaller time slots
c. Each earth stations within a CDMA network is assigned a different frequency
hopping pattern in which each transmitter hops or switched from one frequency band
to the next according to their assigned pattern
d. All of these
77. What is meant by satellite footprint?
a. Is the earth area that the satellite can receive from or transmit to
b. Is the function of both the satellite orbit and height, and the type of antenna the
satellite uses.
c. The geographical representation of the satellite antennas radiation pattern.
d. All of the above
78. What (is)are the advantage(s) using 1-GHz and higher frequencies?
a. Large amount of information can be sent due to large available bandwidth
b. Propagation characteristics are very consistent
c. Signal wavelengths are shorter
d. All of these are correct
79. What is meant by link budget?
a. The sum of all the signal gains and losses along the way.
b. The difference of the signal gains and losses along the way
c. Identifies the system parameters and is used to determine the projected C/N and E b/No
ratios at both the satellite and earth stations receivers for a given modulation scheme
and desired Pq.
d. A or C is right
80. How can satellite maintains its desired orbit consistently?
a. Using small on-board rocket trusters
b. Through using guidance system
c. By telemetry channel
d. All of these
81. A satellite consists of any subsystem functions incorporated into a single system. What is
the subsystem responsible for providing the primary dc power and the regulated,
secondary supply voltages for the satellite circuits?
a. Communication channel subsystem
 b. Telemetry subsystem
c. Power subsystem
d. Antennas
82. How do communications satellites powered?
a. By a bank of batteries whose charge is maintained by an array of solar cells
b. Liquid fuel
c. Nuclear
d. AC power
83. _____________ is the total power consumption for the satellite operation?
a. About 10W
b. About 150W
c. About 2000W
d. About 25000 W
84. As the height of a satellite orbits gets lower, the speed of the satellite
a. Increases
b. Decreases
c. Remains the same
d. None of the above
85. The main function of a communications satellite is the
a. Repeater
b. Reflector
c. Beacon
d. Observation platform
86. The key electronic component in a communications satellite is the
a. Telemetry
b. On-board computer
c. Command and control system
d. Transponder
87. A circular orbit around the equator with a 24-h period is called a(n)
a. Elliptical orbit
b. Geostationary orbit
c. Polar orbit
d. Transfer obit
88. A satellite stays in orbit because the following two factors are balanced.
a. Satellite weight and speed
b. Gravitational pull and inertia
c. Centripetal force and speed
d. Satellite weight and the pull of the moon and sun
89. The height of a satellite in a synchronous equatorial orbit is
a. 100 mi
b. 6800 mi
c. 22,300 mi
d. 35, 860 mi
90. Most satellites operate in which frequency band?
a. 30 to 300 MHz
b. 300 MHz to 3 GHz
 c. 3 GHz to 30 GHz
d. Above 300 GHz
91. The main power sources for a satellite are
a. Batteries
b. Solar cells
c. Fuel cells
d. Thermoelectric generators
92. The maximum height of an elliptical orbit is called the
a. Perigee
b. Apex
c. Zenith
d. Apogee
93. Batteries are used to power all satellite subsystems
a. At all times
b. Only during emergencies
c. During eclipse periods
d. To give the solar arrays a rest
94. The satellite subsystems that monitors and controls the satellite is the
a. Propulsion subsystem
b. Power subsystem
c. Communications subsystem
d. Telemetry, tracking, and command subsystem
95. The basic technique used to stabilized a satellite is
a. Gravity-forward motion balance
b. Spin
c. Thrusters control
d. Solar panel orientation
96. The jet thrusters are usually fired to
a. Maintain altitude
b. Put the satellite into the transfer orbit
c. Inject the satellite into the geosynchronous orbit
d. Bring the satellite back to the earth
97. Most commercial satellite activity occurs in which band(s)?
a. L
b. C and Ku
c. X
d. S and P
98. How can multiple earth stations share a satellite on the same frequencies?
a. Frequency reuse
b. Multiplexing
c. Mixing
d. They cant
99. The typical bandwidth of a satellite band is
a. 36 MHz
b. 40 MHz
c. 70 MHz
 d. 500 MHz
100. Which of the following is not usually a part of a transponder?
a. LNA
b. Mixer
c. Modulator
d. HPA

COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING PART 9

TELEPHONY
1. In International Telephone Numbering, a digit or combination of digits characterizing the
called numbering area within a country is called ________ code.
a. Local
b. CCITT
c. Baudot
d. Area
2. The last two digits of the loaded cable designation 22E66 indicates
a. Spacing
b. Coil inductance
c. Wire gauge
d. Attenuation
3. A condition of a telephone handset, in which it can be called, is _______ condition.
a. On-hook
b. Off-hook
c. Busy
d. None of these
4. When digits 3 is dialled using touch tone system, the amount of time needed to send the
tone is
a. 0.1 sec
b. 50 msec
c. 0.25 sec
d. 0.25 sec
5. A telephone number perform the following operations except
a. To route the call
b. To activate the necessary apparatus for proper call charging
c. To order clearing of connection
d. None of the above
6. The number to be dialled or called to reach a subscriber in the same local network or
numbering area is
a. Local code
b. Area code
c. Toll access code
d. Subscriber No.
7. That part of the telephone network between the telephone instrument at the subscriber
premises and the central office equipment is called the _______________.
a. Inter-office trunk
 b. Tie line
c. Subscriber loop
d. Service drop wire
8. A line linking telephone central offices is called _____________ line.
a. Tie
b. Inter-office trunk
c. Routing
d. Connector
9. A signalling technique wherein a number of voice paths is carried over one common
channel instead of having individual voice channels.
a. In band signalling
b. Out of band signalling
c. Common channel signalling
d. Alternate channel signalling
10. ___________ is a unit of telephone traffic defined as one user making a call of ine second
duration.
a. CCS
b. Call-second
c. Erlangs
d. Call-hour
11. During a busy hour in a telephone system an average of one call is lost, then the grade of
service is considered to be:
a. 1.01
b. 10%
c. 0.10%
d. 0.01
12. If a busy counts are made during the span of 15 minutes, and the average number of
occupied circuit is found to be 8, then the traffic, in Erlang, is:
a. 2
b. 8
c. 6
d. 4
13. In a standard CCITT group, 12 channels FDM, the carrier frequency of the channel No. 1
is _______________.
a. 100 kHz
b. 102 kHz
c. 108 kHz
d. 60 kHz
14. In the FDM hierarchy, a mastergroup is composed of ten supergroups and is equivalent to
a. 600 channels
b. 60 channels
c. 180 channels
d. 120 channels
15. The approximation process in PCM creates noise called:
a. Thermal
b. White noise
 c. Quantizing noise
d. Agitation noise
16. The criteria to be considered in designing a telephone system
a. Attenuation limit
b. Resistance limit
c. A or B
d. A and B
17. This refers to loop AC reference frequency measured in decibels
a. Signalling limits
b. Resistance limits
c. Attenuation limits
d. All of these
18. An inuction coil which is multiple winding transformer intended to interface a 2-wire
circuit to be a 4-wire circuit to permit two-way transmission of signals.
a. Hybrid function
b. Speech transformer
c. Transmission regulation circuit
d. A or B
19. A subscriber loop signalling method in which signalling information is indicated by the
presence and absence of a battery and ground condition on the line at the called end of
the trunk.
a. Wet- Dry
b. Reverse Battery
c. High- Low
d. Supervisory
20. An arrangement where the only possible connection between a number of exchanges is
through a single tandem or transit exchange where they are all connected.
a. Mesh
b. Star
c. Composite
d. Ring
21. CCITT recommendation E-161 recommends that not more than ________ digits make up
an international number, excluding the international prefix.
a. 10
b. 12
c. 16
d. 20
22. The following are the transmission media used for telephone systems except:
a. Parallel wire
b. Coaxial wire
c. Fiber optics
d. NOTA
23. The subscriber loop provides the following except:
a. Talk battery
b. Ringing voltage
c. Telephone dial
 d. Current during on hook
24. A method of multiplexing in which the total frequency spectrum available is used by each
channel, but not part of the time.
a. FDM
b. TDM
c. SDM
d. GSM
25. The primary cause of echo and singing is
a. Intermodulation noise
b. Crosstalk
c. Impedance mismatch
d. Thermal noise
26. For crosstalk to be considered intelligible, at least ________ words are intelligible to the
listener in a seven second period.
a. 5
b. 6
c. 4
d. 3
27. Noise that is non-continuous, consisting of irregular pulse or noise spikes of short
duration and of relatively high amplitude.
a. Solar
b. Intermodulation
c. Impulse
d. Crosstalk
28. The signal to noise ratio for voice based on customer satisfaction is
a. 30 db
b. 35 db
c. 15 db
d. 20 db
29. dBa is a noise unit which uses a tone of 1000 Hz and a power level of
a. -85 dBm
b. -90dBm
c. 85dBm
d. -80dBm
30. The average intensity in one or more traffic paths occupied in the busy hour by one 2-
minute call for an aggregate duration of two minutes.
a. CCS
b. Cm
c. Erlang
d. EBHC
31. A method of handling lost calls wherein a call failing to immediately find a server, waits
enters a queue until one becomes available.
a. Lost Calls Cleared
b. Lost Calls Held
c. Lost Calls Delayed
d. NOTA
32. The main terminal used as cross connection point for cables 300 pairs and above.
a. MTTC
b. MDF
c. DP
d. TTC
33. For PCM, the sampling theorem states that the sampling frequency must be _________
the highest frequency contained in the analog signal.
a. twice
b. more than twice
c. less than twice
d. equal to
34. a group of sixty voice channels with bandwidth of 240 kHz is called a
a. group
b. supergroup
c. mastergroup
d. jumbogroup
35. On the subscribers telephone set employing the touch tone technique, how many signals
are transmitted to the telephone exchange for every button that is pressed?
a. 2 VHF signals
b. 1 VHF and 1 AF
c. 2 AF tones
d. 16 AF tones
36. An electronic circuit which is inserted into the 4-wire trunk path effectively to block the
passage of reflected signal energy
a. Echo suppressor
b. Loading coil
c. Loop extender
d. Telephone amplifier
37. The following are signalling functions except:
a. Ringing signals
b. Address signals
c. Supervisory signals
d. NOTA
38. The standard spacing for 19-D-88 cable loading code is
a. 700 ft.
b. 6000 ft
c. 4500 ft
d. 3000 ft.
39. A telephone exchange has a subscriber loop limit of 1800 ohms, excluding the telephone
instrument. What is the farthest distance, in miles, that a subscriber can be located away
from the telephone exchange, if AWG 26 cable, which has a resistance of 431 ohms/loop
mile, is used?
a. 5.95
b. 8.18
c. 3.9
d. 4.18
40. The Strowger or step-by-step system falls under what type of switching control system?
a. Manual
b. Progressive
c. Common
d. Automatic
41. For building telephone facilities, the size of entrance conduit shall not be less than
_______ in diameter.
a. 30 mm
b. 50 mm
c. 60 mm
d. 75 mm
42. In telephony, tone dialing takes ________ time than pulse dialing.
a. Less
b. More
c. About the same
d. Cant be determined
43. A telephone service wherein calls are rerouted into a preassigned station is called
_________.
a. Camp-On
b. Call Forwading
c. Call Barring
d. Abbreviated Dialing
44. What type of control system crossbar switches are operating?
a. Manual
b. Progressive
c. Common
d. Automatic
45. PABX stands for
a. Private All-purpose Broadcasting Exchange
b. Private Automatic Branch Exchange
c. Public Access Bidirectional Exchange
d. Public Address Broadcasting Exchange
46. A trunk is
a. The base of a communication tower
b. A telephone line connecting two C.O.s
c. A line connecting one telephone set to the PABX
d. The structure where antenna are attached
47. The voice frequency channel pass band is:
a. 0 to 4000 Hz
b. 300 to 3000 Hz
c. To carry only speech
d. All of the preceding
48. What is used to transmit more than one conversation over a path?
a. Hybrid
b. Tandem
c. Multiplexing
 d. All of the above
49. The common channel interoffice signalling method
a. Uses the same channel for signalling as for the related conversation
b. Is used on local loops
c. Uses a separate channel for signalling only
d. Comes the signalling for one related conversation
50. Telephone switching is accomplished by
a. Manual Switchboard
b. Step-by-step Switches
c. Crossbar switches
d. Any of the preceding
51. The step-by-step switch
a. Was invented by Strowger
b. Generates much noise
c. Operates using a system of electromechanical switches
d. All of these
52. The telephone was invented by
a. James Watson
b. Alexander Graham Bell
c. Phillip Reis
d. Almon Strowger
53. A switching network capable of providing a path from every inlet link to every outlet link
in the absence of traffic.
a. Concentration
b. Blocking
c. Full availability switch
d. Crosspoint
54. An exchange primarily used as a switching point for traffic between other exchanger is
a. Transfer system
b. Transit Exchange
c. Connecting point
d. Tandem Exchange
55. A telephone switch is an example of ________ switching
a. Packet
b. Message
c. Circuit
d. Virtual circuit
56. The local loop of a telephone system is
a. A two wire communication circuit between a customers premise and the
central office
b. A group of wires connecting a telephone set to a modem
c. A four wire circuit connecting a fax machine to a computer
d. A single piece of wire connecting the subscribers telephone to another telephone set.
57. Identical telephone numbers in different parts of the country are distinguished by their
a. Access codes
b. Country codes
 c. Trunk prefixes
d. Area codes
58. A telephone switching system with a capacity of 100 lines could assign telephone
numbers from
a. 0001 1000
b. 000- 999
c. 0000 1000
d. 001 999
59. The following are the building blocks of a Step-by-step Switching System except:
a. Marker
b. Linefinder
c. Selector
d. Connector
60. Which has longer subscriber loop length, the Central Office Switching equipment having
a resistance limit of
a. 5000 ohms
b. 1000 ohms
c. 1500 ohms
d. 2000 ohms
61. A fax transmission is usually at a _________ mode.
a. Simplex
b. Half duplex
c. Full duplex
d. Multiplex
62. A permanent circuit for private use within a communications network
a. Two-wire
b. 4-wire
c. Switched
d. Leased
63. The class of exchange with the primary function of connecting central offices when a
direct trunk is not available
a. Local
b. Gateway
c. Toll
d. Tandem
64. Dial tone, busy tone and ring back tones are example of __________ signals.
a. Supervisory
b. Address
c. Musical
d. Digital
65. How much time in seconds is saved if we use Touch Tone Dialing instead of Pulse
Dialing to call telephone number 781-10-05?
a. 3.55
b. 7.75
c. 7.55
d. 7.15
66. With attenuation limit at 6 dB, what is the length of cable using gauge 26 with
attenuation of 1.61 dB per km.
a. 1.3 km
b. 4.7 km
c. 3.7 km
d. 2.5 km
67. The maximum length for 1300-ohm signalling or loop resistance using AWG No. 26 wire
with 133.9 ohm per km.
a. 5.2 km
b. 4.7 km
c. 7.5 km
d. 9.7 km
68. The minimum size for an entrance conduit for building telephone facilities.
a. 50 mm
b. 50 cm
c. 65 mm
d. 65 cm
69. The size of entrance conduit for a 100 pair entrance cable.
a. 50 mm
b. 65 mm
c. 75 mm
d. 100 mm
70. The backboard color for the house or riser cable
a. Yellow
b. White
c. Blue
d. Red
71. The maximum span from telephone pole to the building for an aerial entrance cable.
a. 30 m
b. 600 mm
c. 45 m
d. 5.5 m
72. The sampling period for telephone signals
a. 8000 Hz
b. 125 usec
c. 6400 Hz
d. 100 usec
73. The inability to interconnect two idle lines connected to a switching network due to all
possible paths are in use
a. Concentration
b. Blocking
c. Full availability
d. Crosspoint
74. The minimum depth for an underground entrance conduit under areas used for vehicular
traffic inside private property
a. 300 mm
 b. 600 mm
c. 50 mm
d. 1 m
75. The minimum clearance for aerial entrance cables over areas accessible to pedestrians is
a. 4.5 m
b. 5.5 m
c. 3.5 m
d. 6.5 m
76. The steel gauge of the outdoor MTTC
a. 16
b. 18
c. 20
d. 22
77. PAM is:
a. A pulse system immune from noise
b. A digital system
c. A popular system for telephone transmissions
d. An analog system
78. A suitable sampling rate for a signal containing frequency components between 40 Hz
and 4 kHz would be:
a. 10 kHz
b. 80 Hz
c. 90 Hz
d. 4.04 kHz
79. Quantization noise can be reduced by:
a. Taking samples at a faster rate
b. Using a PCM system
c. Increasing the number of standard amplitude
d. Using higher amplitude signals
80. The name of the device invented by Johann Philipp Reis in 1860 which could transmit a
musical tone over a wire to a distance point.
a. Harmonic telegraph
b. Phonograph
c. Telephone
d. Radio
81. When was the first complete sentence ever transmitted by the telephone?
a. 1860
b. 1876
c. 1892
d. 1905
82. Who invented the first practical system for the electrical switching of calls installed in
1892?
a. Bell
b. Watson
c. Edison
d. Strowger
83. What part of the conventional telephone set transmitter and receiver unit are located?
a. Dial
b. Base
c. Keypad
d. Handset
84. The type of transmitter widely used in the conventional telephone set.
a. Carbon
b. Ceramic
c. Piezoelectric
d. Electromagnetic
85. Who invented the first carbon type transmitter?
a. Bell
b. Watson
c. Gray
d. Edison
86. The type of receiver widely used in the conventional telephone set
a. Electromagnetic
b. Ceramic
c. Carbon
d. Piezoelectric
87. How many unique tones are used for the 12-key dual-tone multifrequency keypad?
a. 2
b. 4
c. 7
d. 12
88. In the telephone industry, BORSCHT functions are performed by
a. Subscriber line interface
b. Cross point matrix
c. Switching network
d. Connector switch
89. In the telephone unit, what is produced when the balancing network in a hybrid circuit is
intentionally unbalanced slightly so that small amount of transmitted signal is fed to the
receiver of the talking phone?
a. Dial tone
b. Side tone
c. Echo
d. Singing
90. The type of dialing possible for telephone set with rotary dial.
a. Tone dialing
b. Pulse dialing
c. Loop dialing
d. E & m dialing
91. What is the standard bandwidth of voice channel according to CCITT recommendations?
a. 300 3.4 kHz
b. 200 3.3 kHz
c. 20 20 kHz
 d. 30 30 k Hz
92. The signal heard on the telephone line that indicates readiness of the central office in
receiving address or telephone number.
a. Dial tone
b. Ringing tone
c. Busy tone
d. Congestion tone
93. The signal heard on the telephone line which indicates that the called subscriber set is in
use.
a. Dial tone
b. Ringing tone
c. Busy tone
d. Congestion tone
94. BORSCHT stands for
a. Battery, over-voltage protection, ringing, supervision, coding, hybrid and testing
b. Battery, over-hook regulator, ringing, surge protect, circuit, hybrid and test
c. Name of the leading manufacturer of telephone system
d. Acronym for the developers of computer
95. Request for service from the telephone is detected at the Central Office as
a. Dial pulses
b. Ringing signal
c. Flow of loop current
d. Battery reversal
96. The location where all subscriber lines are terminated and switching equipment facility is
installed.
a. Central office
b. Toll office
c. Gate way
d. Tandem
97. A private line communications channel of the type provided by communication common
carrier for linking two or more points together.
a. Party line
b. Tie line
c. DID line
d. Trunk line
98. The attenuation loss limit of the subscriber loop is set at 6 dB. What is the maximum
length if a 26H88 loading coil with an attenuation of 0.80 dB per kilometre is added?
a. 1.5 km
b. 3.5 km
c. 5.5 km
d. 7.5 km
99. The first number of the loaded cable designation 19H44 indicates
a. Spacing
b. Coil inductance
c. Wire gauge
d. Attenuation
100. The letter of the loaded cable designation 24B88 indicates
a. Spacing
b. Coil inductance
c. Wire gauge
d. Attenuation