Q.

1
The noun philosophy means the study of proper behavior, and the search for wisdom. The
original meaning of the word philosophy comes from the Greek roots philo- meaning "love"
and -sophos, or "wisdom."
Difinition
Teacher point of view
The study of ideas about knowledge, truth, the nature and meaning of life,
etc.

a particular set of ideas about knowledge, truth, the nature and meaning of
life, etc.

a set of ideas about how to do something or how to live

Student point of view

The study of the basic ideas about knowledge, right and wrong, reasoning,
and the value of things

A specific set of ideas of a person or a group

A set of ideas about how to do something or how to live. Live and let live
that's my philosophy.

In reaction to the statement Greeks invented philosophy I would have to disagree since
philosophy has existed as long as man. I do believe that Greeks were the fathers of western
philosophy and Greece was home to the first and greatest philosophers, like Plato,
Socrates, and Aristotle.
philosophy of education
Behind every school and every teacher is a set of related beliefs--a
philosophy of education--that influences what and how students are
taught. A philosophy of education represents answers to questions about
the purpose of schooling, a teacher's role, and what should be taught and
by what methods.
Relationship between philosophy and education
Education and philosophy, the two disciplines, are very closely related and in some
areas they overlap each other. It is quite often said that, 'Philosophy and Education
are two sides of the same coin'. 'Education is the dynamic side of philosophy'.
One can never be thought of without the other. The presence of one is incomplete
without the other.
The art of education cannot be completed without philosophy and philosophy cannot
convert others to its aims and values without education
Education is practical in nature and philosophy is theory.
Philosophy is a way of life. In a wider sense philosophy is a way of looking at life,
nature and truth. It sets up the ideals for an individual to achieve them in his life
time. While education on the other hand is the dynamic side of philosophy. It is the
active aspect and the practical means of realising the ideals of life.
 It is true that education works like a catalyst for a better life, a social desirable life. As
a pot is made out of clay and a finished product comes out of raw material, so also
from the immature child comes out the civilized man through education.
Education renews and re-builds the social structure in the pattern of philosophical
ideals.
It is philosophy, that provides the purpose or the aim and it is education which makes
it practical.
Philosophy shows the way and education moves on in that direction.
Thus philosophy deals with the end and education with the means. In fact, we can
observe that the great philosophers of all times have been also great educators.
Education is a laboratory where philosophic theories and speculations are tested and
made concrete. Education may, therefore, be rightly called applied philosophy.
Philosophy is wisdom; education transmits that wisdom from one generation to the
other.
Philosophy is in reality the theory of education.
Philosophy formulates the method, education its process.
Q.2
Scope of education
Scope means range of view out look field or opportunity of activity operation and application.
Education has a wider meaning and application.

Educational philosophy. Philosophy of education covers aims of education, nature

of education, importance of education, function of education its very old and essential
part of education.
Educational psychology. Main aim of education is the development of child.
Psychology helps to understand the child better and development of child with
respect of physical, mental, emotional, social adjustment, individual difference,
personality, thinking, reasoning, problem solving.
Educational sociology. A child lives in the society so its important for him to know
about the society the nature of society, type of society, interdependence between
culture and society.
History of education. It is also important to know background, origin, development,
growth and aspect of the subjects. And also education system method of
teaching during ancient period, medieval period, British period and modern period.
Method of teaching. In ancient time the pupil were passive listeners but now they
actively participate with the teacher in the process of education. So the skill and
proficiency of difference teaching methods needs to be developed.
Educational administration and supervision. The educational institution and the
system has to be supervised and administrated smoothly so that the process of
education goes well. Regulation of fund, democratic administration, autonomy,
personnel management etc.
Problems of education. This scope includes problems of teaching management of
education and also suggestion and remedies for it.

Q.3
Soursce and validity of knowledge
Sources of Knowledge

In epistemology, a common concern with respect to knowledge is what sources of

information are capable of giving knowledge.
The following are some of the major sources of knowledge:

Perception that which can be perceived through the experiences of the senses. The
view that experience is the primary source of knowledge is called empiricism.

Reason Reason can be considered a source of knowledge, either by deducing truths

from existing knowledge, or by learning things a priori, discovering necessary truths
(such as mathematical truths) through pure reason. The view that reason is the
primary source of knowledge is called rationalism

Introspection knowledge of ones self that can be found through internal self-
evalution. This is generally considered to be a sort of perception. (For example, I
know I am hungry or tired.)

Memory Memory is the storage of knowledge that was learned in the past
whether it be past events or current information.

Testimony Testimony relies on others to acquire knowledge and communicate it to

us. Some deny that testimony can be a source of knowledge, and insist that beliefs
gained through testimony must be verified in order to be knowledge.

Validity of knowledge
What should be the base for the validity of knowledge? In Philosophy there are four way to test
validity of knowledge
Conformity of truth it maintain that truth is what correspondent or confirm to existent of nature the
actual state of affair and objective reality
Coherence theory of truth regards truth as coherence within some specified set of
sentences, propositions or beliefs. There is no single set of such "logical universes",
but rather an classification of perspectives that are commonly discussed under this
title.
A Pragmatic Theory of Truth holds (roughly) that a proposition is true if it is
useful to believe. Peirce and James were its principal advocates. Utility is the
essential mark of truth. Beliefs that lead to the best "payoff", that are the best
justification of our actions, that promote success, are truths, according to the
pragmatists.
marxist theory of truth. Truth is not in what it is but in what it ought to be. Truth is
achieved as a matter of practice

Q.4
Philosophy of idealism
Idealism is the metaphysical and epistemological doctrine that ideas or thoughts
make up fundamental reality. Essentially it is any philosophy which argues that
the only thing actually knowable is consciousness whereas we never can be sure
that matter or anything in the outside world really exists thus the only the real
things are mental entities not physical things which exist only in the sense that
they are perceived.
Definition:
Idealistic philosophy takes many and varied forms but the postulate underlying all this is
that mind or spirit is the essential world stuff, that the rule reality is a material character.
Idealism and Aims of Education:
The following are the aims of education according to the philosophy of idealism:
Self-realization or Exhalation of Personality:
According to the idealism man is the most creation of God. Self- realization involves full of
knowledge of the self and it is the first aim of education The aim of education especially
associated with idealism is the exhalation of personality or self-realization it is the making
actual or real personalities of the self.
To Ensure Spiritual Development:
Idealistic give greater importance to spiritual values in comparison with material attainments.
The second aim of education is to develop the child mentally, morally and above all
spiritually. Education must enable mankind through its culture to enter more and more fully
into the spiritual realm.

Development of Intelligences and Rationality:

In all things their regions an external law this all pervading energetic, self conscious and
hence eternal law this all pervading energetic. This unity is God. Education should lead and
guide man to face with nature and to unity and God.
Idealism and Curriculum
Idealists give more importance to thoughts, feelings ideals and values than to the child and
his activities. They firmly hold that curriculum should be concerned with the whole humanity
and its experience.
Views of Plato about curriculum
According to Plato the aim of life is to realize God. Which is possible only by pursing high
ideals namely Truth, Beauty, and Goodness. Three types of activities namely intellectual,
aesthetic and moral cancan attain these high ideals.
Views of Herbart Curriculum
According to Herbart the idealistic aim of education is the promotion of moral values. He
gave prime importance to subjects like Literature, History, Art, Music, and Poetry together
with other humanities and secondary place to scientific subjects.