Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Halo Effect also plays an important role when judgement. Halo Effect
was named by Edward Thorndike in reference to a person being perceived
as having a halo.Standing (2004) stated that Halo effect is also known as
the physical attractiveness stereotype and the "what is beautiful is good"
principle, the halo effect, at the most specific level, refers to the habitual
tendency of people to rate attractive individuals more favorably for their
personality traits or characteristics than those who are less attractive. Halo
effect is also used in a more general sense to describe the global impact of
likeable personality, or some specific desirable trait, in creating biased
judgments of the target person on any dimension. Thus, feelings generally
overcome cognitions when we appraise others.
Cherry (2016) said that judgement may be a result from a cognitive bias.
cognitive bias is a systematic error in thinking that affects the decisions and
judgments that people make. Sometimes these biases are related to memory.
The way you remember an event may be biased for a number of reasons and
that in turn can lead to biased thinking and decision-making. In other instance,
cognitive biases might be related to problems with attention. Since attention is
a limited resource, people have to be selective about what they pay attention
to in the world around them.
Furnham and Walker (2000) found that age displays a relationship with
preference for Representational paintings. Chamorro-Premuzic (2009) also
found that overall preferences were positively influenced by age. Art judgment
is essentially thought of as a measure of ability rather than taste, and involves
judging the better of two or more products. Most of these studies have relied
on old measures, such as the Meier Art Judgment Test (Meier, 1940) and the
Maitland Graves Design Judgment Test (Graves, 1948), which require
participants to distinguish between a geniune artwork and a fake or
experimentally modified replica. Furnham and Avison (1997) stated that ones
familiarity with paintings is an important factor in a study that uses paintings or
pieces of art by relatively well known artists.
Local Literature
In this episode of the GMA News TV program I Juander, hosts Cesar
Apolinario and Susan Enriquez bravely ask, Mapanghusga nga ba si Juan?
(Is the typical Filipino judgmental?) They find out the answer through a social
experiment wherein there's an elderly woman who looks to be in her sixties
and and a young boy who's in his late teens or twenties(old enough to be her
son). They're holding each other hands while walking. After that they asked
the bystanders what can they about the two people. Suprisingly, many
respondents answered that they're couple, that the woman should find
another man in her age. Many people did not consider the fact that the boy
could be the woman's son. So what was behind this? The historian Luis
Buenaventura believes this is because long ago, Filipinos as a race were also
discriminated. Alipin ang turing ng mga mayayamang Kastila noon sa mga
Pilipino. Doon nga nanggaling iyong mestizo versus indio, he says.
According to psychologist Raneses, far from being a uniquely Filipino trait,
being judgmental is actually a very human quality. Sight stimulates optic
nerves that send messages to the brain specifically part of pre-frontal context
where we decide what is wrong and what is right.
Foreign Studies
In the study conducted by Lill and Wilkinson (2005) entitled Judging a
book by its cover: descriptive survey of patients' preferences for doctors'
appearance and mode of address. Patients preferred doctors to wear
semiformal attire, but the addition of a smiling face was even better. The next
most preferred styles were semiformal without a smile, followed by white coat,
formal suit, jeans, and casual dress. Patients were more comfortable with
conservative items of clothing, such as long sleeves, covered shoes, and
dress trousers or skirts than with less conservative items such as facial
piercing, short tops, and earrings on men. Many less conservative items such
as jeans were still acceptable to most patients. Most patients preferred to be
called by their first name, to be introduced to a doctor by full name and title,
and to see the doctor's name badge worn at the breast pocket. Older patients
had more conservative preferences. In summary, patients prefer doctors to
wear semiformal dress and are most comfortable with conservative items;
many less conservative items were, however, acceptable. A smile made a big
difference.
Shaw et. Al (1981) conducted a study about the influence of children's
dentofacial appearance on their social attractiveness as judged by peers and
lay adults . The purpose of the study was to determine if the social
attractiveness of a child would be influenced by his or her dentofacial
appearance. Different photographs of attractive boy and girl and an
unattractive boy and girl were obtained and modified so that, for each face,
five different photographic versions were available. In each version, the child's
face was standardized except that a different dentofacial arrangement was
demonstrated. These were normal incisors, prominent incisors, a missing
lateral incisor, severely crowded incisors, and unilateral cleft lip. Each
photograph was viewed by a different group of forty-two children and forty-two
adults, equally divided as to sex. Their impressions of the depicted child's
social attractiveness were recorded on visual analogue scales. The
experimental procedure was such that the effect and interaction of different
levels of facial attractiveness, different dentofacial arrangements, sex of the
photographed child, and sex of the judge could be analyzed. The results
shows that children with normal dental appearance would be judge to be
better looking, more desirable as friends, more intelligent and less likely to
behave in aggressive way.
Masip et al. (2003) have found that facial appearance influences social
judgments. Undergraduates were presented babyfaced or mature-faced
photographs that depicted a child, an adult, or an older individual, in addition
to a written truthful or deceptive statement purportedly made by the person in
the photograph. He concluded that children's faces were rated as more
deceptive than adult faces on the behavioral-tendency scale. Therefore, when
the statements were accompanied by a child's photograph, a tendency to
judge these statements as deceptive would emerge; conversely, when the
statements were accompanied by photographs of older individuals, a
tendency to judge them as truthful would emerge.
Local Studies
Books
Standing, L. G.(2014) The SAGE Encyclopedia of Social Science Research
Methods.(Vol. 1). New york: Sage Publication, Inc.
Journals
Online Articles
Author Unknown (n.d) Immanuel Kant: Aesthetics date Retrieved: March 12,
2017 from http://www.iep.utm.edu/kantaest/#SH2a
Cherry, K. (2016). What is Halo Effect. Date Retrieved: March 12, 2017 from
https://www.verywell.com/what-is-the-halo-effect-2795906
Voss, G (2013). Why we're born to judge. Date Retrieved: March 13 , 2017
from
http://www.womenshealthmag.com/sites/womenshealthmag.com/files/prejudic
e/index.html