Comparative Anatomy of the [BIOLOGY 102 LAB:

Vertebrates: Urogenital System]

occupied by the renal artery, vein and

OUTLINE
pelvis
I. Excretory System
A. Kidney
4. RENAL PAPILLA
B. Ureter
C. Urinary Bladder on which situated the microscopic
D. Urethra openings on the collecting tubules
II. Female Reproductive System
A. Ovaries 5. peripheral CORTEX
B. Mullerian ducts / Oviducts contains renal corpuscles, convoluted
C. Uterus / Womb and looped portions of the kidney
D. Cervix tubules
E. Vagina
F. Clitoris 6. central MEDULLA
G. Urogenital canal / sinus marked by lines which converge to the
H. Glans renal papilla, COLLECTING TUBULES
I. Anal glands / sacs
III. Male Reproductive System 7. RENAL PYRAMID
A. Testes collecting tubules + renal papilla
B. Spermatic cord cat and rabbit: 1
C. Urogenital sinus human: 12
D. Prostate gland
E. Bulbourethral / Cowpers gland The collecting tubules, pelvis, and ureter arise by
F. Urogenital opening outgrowth of the mesonephric ducts
G. Penis
B. URETER
1. METANEPHRIC DUCTS / URETERS
female: pass dorsal to the horns of the
The urogenital system of primitive mammals is reptilian uterus
in character but is modified in later forms. . .males: males: dorsal to ductus deferens, which
descent of testes. . .females: great reduction in the size
loops over the ureter and disappears
of the eggs and adaptation of the ducts for intrauterine
dorsal to the bladder
development of the young.
2. RENAL PELVIS
I. EXCRETORY SYSTEM
expanded beginning of the ureter
into this projects the substance of the
A. KIDNEY
kidney, RENAL PAPILLA
1. METANEPHROI
mammalian kidney
C. URINARY BLADDER pear-shaped sac at the
retroperitoneal in location
posterior end of the peritoneal cavity
right kidney is considerably anterior to
male: ventral to rectum
the left one
female: ventral to rectum and uterus
filter waste liquid resulting metabolism of
stores nitrogenous wastes
blood
1. APEX / VERTEX
2. HILUS
free anterior end
concavity
2. FUNDUS
3. RENAL SINUS
posterior portion
within the hilus
 Comparative Anatomy of the [BIOLOGY 102 LAB:
Vertebrates: Urogenital System]

3. RECTOVESICAL POUCH C. UTERUS / WOMB body + horns

pouch between the bladder and rectum BIPARTITE type (cat)
(males) body of the uterus is divided into
lateral halves by a median
4. VESICOUTERINE POUCH partition, and the horns open to
pouch between the bladder and uterus either side of the partition
(female)
DUPLEX type (rabbit)
D. URETHRA neck of the bladder external uterine orifice with
carries urine from the bladder out of the raised fringed lips by which
body and in the male also carries semen each uterus opens into the
during ejaculation
vagina
II. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
1. HORNS / UTERI
A. OVARIES thick-walled tube
1. GRAAFIAN FOLLICLES pregnant animals: greatly enlarged and
clear vesicles exhibits a series of swellings, each of
which contains an embryo
contain egg or ovum

2. MESOMETRIUM
2. COPORA LUTEA
strong fold of peritoneum supporting the
little hard lumps observed in pregnant
horns
women
represent follicles from which the eggs
3. BODY
of the pregnancy were discharged
cat: a single formed by the union of two
horns in the median line
3. MESOVARIUM
suspends of ovary
4. BROAD LIGAMENT
extends forward to the kidney
mesovarium + mesosalpinx +
continuous posteriorly with the ligament
mesometrium
of uterus
5. ROUND LIGAMENT
B. MULLERIAN DUCTS / OVIDUCTS
fold extending from the horn posteriorly
1. UTERINE / FALLOPIAN TUBE
to the body wall
uppermost portion of the oviducts
slender, convoluted tube which passes
D. CERVIX lower end of the uterus
lateral to the ovary and curves over its
projects into the vagina by a fold
anterior end
rabbit: opens in front of the ovary
E. VAGINA tube situated in the median line
cat: opens to the lateral side by the
between the bladder and the rectum
OSTIUM
exits through the ring formed by the pelvic
girdle and vertebral column
2. FIMBRIAE
fringed borders of the ostium F. CLITORIS homologous to the penis
its anterior end is attached by ligaments to
3. MESOSALPINX
the ischium and the pubic symphysis
oviduct mesentery
composed of two CAVERNOUS BODIES
forms a sort of hood, partly inclosing the
ovary
 Comparative Anatomy of the [BIOLOGY 102 LAB:
Vertebrates: Urogenital System]
G. UROGENITAL CANAL / SINUS common tube
formed by the urethra and vagina
H. GLANS rabbit: free posterior end of the
clitoris projecting into the cavity
I. ANAL GLANDS / SACS secretions are
strongly odoriferous and sexual in nature
rabbit: elongated
cat: rounded
J. EXTERNAL UTERINE ORIFICE opening of
the body of the uterus into the vagina
III. MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
A. TESTES lodged in the SCROTUM, divided
into two compartments by the internal partition
1. VAGINAL SAC
part of the peritoneal cavity in which the
testes lies
2. TUNICA VAGINALIS
lines the vaginal sac
reflected over the covering of the testes
as a covering layer
3. GUBERNACULUM
short stout ligament
attaches the posterior end of the testis
to the posterior scrotal wall
continuous with the mesorchium
homologous to the ROUND LIGAMENT
of the uterus
4. MESORCHIUM
formed between the testis and the wall
of the vaginal sac through the deflection
of the tunica vaginalis
5. EPIDIDYMIS
head: receives the invisible efferent
ductules from the testes
body: coiled epididymal duct
tail: attachment of the gubernaculums
derived from the mesonephros
B. SPERMATIC CORD passes forward and
enters the peritoneal cavity through the
INGUINAL CANAL, its ends termed as the
EXTERNAL and INTERNAL INGUINAL RINGS
contains a white duct, DUCTUS
DEFERENS, blood vessels and nerves
C. UROGENITAL SINUS common tube formed
by the seminal vesicle and the urethra
D. PROSTRATE GLAND - slight enlargement
surrounding the point of junction between the
ductus deferens
E. BULBOURETHRAL / COWPERS GLAND
small swellings situated on the urogenital canal
posterior to the prostrate gland
F. UROGENITAL OPENING situated at the tip of
the glans
G. PENIS incloses the terminal inch of the
urogenital canal
1. GLANS
pointed projection underneath the
prepuce
cat: bears a number of minute spines
2. CORPORA CAVERNOSA
two cavernous bodies, composing the
penis
3. CAVERNOUS URETHRA
urogenital canal
4. CRURA
attached to the Ischia
formed by the divergence of the two
cavernous bodies at the anterior end of
the penis