7.2.1 A system has a discrete pulse response function with ordinates 0.1, 0.5, 0.3, and 0.1 units.

Calculate the output from the system if it has a pulse input of (a) 3 units, (b) 4 units, (c) 3 units in
the first interval followed by 4 units in the second.
n M
Qn= Pm U nm +1
m=1

Time Pulse Input Pulse Response Output

0 3 0 0
1 0.1 0.3
2 0.5 1.5
3 0.3 0.9
4 0.1 0.3

Time Pulse Input Pulse Response Output

0 4 0 0
1 0.1 0.4
2 0.5 2.0
3 0.3 1.2
4 0.1 0.4

Time Pulse Input Pulse Response Output 1 Output 2 Total Output

0 3 0 0 0
1 4 0.1 0.3 0 0.3
2 0.5 1.5 0.4 1.9
3 0.3 0.9 2.0 2.9
4 0.1 0.3 1.2 1.5
5 0 0.4 0.4
6 0 0

7.2.3 Calculate and plot the impulse response function u(t), the step response function g(t), the
conditions pulse response function h(t), and the discrete pulse response function U n for a linear
reservoir having k = 1 h and t = 2h.
Impulse Response Function
1
u ( t ) = et /k
k

The Unit Step Response

t /k
g ( t )=1e

The Unir Pulse Response

 1. For 0 t t
t
h (t)=
1
t
1e( k )
2. For t > t
t / k
e ( t/k )
h (t)= e 1
t

Time u(t) g(t) h(t)

0 1 0 0
2 0.135335 0.864665 0.432332
4 0.018316 0.981684 0.05851
6 0.002479 0.997521 0.007918
8 0.000335 0.999665 0.001072
10 4.54E-05 0.999955 0.000145
12 6.14E-06 0.999994 1.96E-05

1.2

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

u(t) g(t) h(t)

7.4.1 The excess rainfall and direct runoff recorded for a storm are as follows:

Calculate the one-hour unit hydrograph.

Time Excess Rainfall Direct Runoff

One Hour UH
(h)
1 1.0 10 10 10
2 2.0 120 (120 (2 x 10))/1 100
3 400 (400 (2 x 100))/1 200
4 1.0 560 (560 (2 x 200)-(1 x 10))/1 150
5 500 (500 (2 x 150)-(1 x 100))/1 100
6 450 (450 (2 x 100)-(1 x 200))/1 50
7 250 (250 (2 x 50)-(1 x 150))/1 0
8 100 (100 (1 x 100))/1 0
9 50 (50 (1 x 50))/1 0

Unit Hydrograph
250

200

150

100

50

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

7.4.3 Derive by deconvolution the six-hour unit hydrograph from the following data for a watershed
having a drainage area of 216 km2, assuming a constant rainfall abstraction rate and a constant
baseflow of 20 m3/s.

Time Rainfall Streamflow Direct Runoff UH

1 1.5 26 6 6/1.5 4
2 3.5 71 51 (51-(3.5 x 4))/1.5 24.667
3 2.5 174 154 (154-(3.5 x 24.667)-(2.5x4))/1.5 38.44367
4 1.5 226 206 (206-(3.5x38.44367)- 2.51977
(2.5x24.667)-(1.5x4))/1.5
5 173 153 (153-(3.5x2.51977)- 7.38075
(2.5x38.44367)-(1.5x24.667))/1.5
6 99 79 (79-(3.5x7.38075)-(2.5x2.51977)- 23.86455
(1.5x7.38075))/1.5
7 49 29 (29-(3.5x23.86455)- -76.757455
(2.5x7.38075)-(1.5x2.51977))/1.5
8 33 13
 9 26 6
10 22 2
11 21 1

Unit Hydrograph
60

40

20

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-20

-40

-60

-80

-100

7.4.5 An intense storm with approximately constant intensity lasting six hours over a watershed of Area
785 km2 produced the following discharges Q in m3/s.

The baseflow Qb has been estimated from the appearance of the observed, hydrograph. Use
deconvolution to determine the two-hour unit hydrograph.
7.5.1 Use the hydrograph developed in Prob. 7.4.3 to calculate the streamflow hydrograph from a 12-
hour-duration storm having 2 cm of rainfall excess In the first six hours and 3 cm in the second
six hours. Assume a constant baseflow rate of 30 m3/s.

Time UH Rainfall Output 1 Output 2 Total Output

0 0 2 0 30
1 4 8 38
2 24.667 49.334 79.334
3 38.44367 76.88734 106.88734
4 2.51977 5..03954 35.03954
5 7.38075 14.7615 44.7615
 6 23.86455 3 47.7291 12 89.7291
7 74 104
8 115.33101 145.33101
9 7.55931 37.55931
10 22.14225 52.14225
11 71.59365 101.59365
12 0 30

7.5.3 Use the two-hour unit hydrograph determined in Prob. 7.4.5 to calculate the streamflow
hydrograph from a four-hour storm in which 5 cm of excess rainfall fell in the first two-hours and
6 cm in the second two hours. Assume the same baseflow rate as given in prob. 7.4.5.

Outflow Qb Total
T UH Storm Outflow 2
1 (m3/s) Flow
0 0 5 0 18 18
0.05059 0.252964 20.2529
2 6 0 20
3 7 6
0.15177 0.3035576 26.0624
4 0.758894 25
9 2 5
0.60711 3.035576 0.9106728 35.9462
6 32
5 2 5 5
1.51778 7.588940 3.6426914 51.2316
8 40
8 4 2 3
3.59209 17.96049 9.1067285 74.0672
10 47
8 2 4 2
8.80317 44.01585 21.552590 119.568
12 54
1 5 9 4
14.2166 71.08307 52.819025 184.902
14 61
2 6 5 1
17.4545 87.27281 85.299690 240.572
16 68
6 5 6 5
16.0885 80.44276 104.72737 260.170
18 75
5 9 8 1
64.50599 96.531322 240.037
20 12.9012 79
4 5 3
9.76443 48.82218 77.407192 203.229
22 77
7 4 6 4
36.17394 58.586620 167.760
24 7.23479 73
9 3 6
25.80239 43.408739 138.211
26 5.16048 69
8 4 1
2.37786 108.852
28 11.88934 30.962877 66
8 2
2.52964 12.64823 89.9154
30 14.267208 63
7 4 4
1.87193 9.359693 15.177880 84.5375
32 60
9 2 9 7
34 1.36600 6.830046 11.231631 57 75.0616
 9 4 9 8
1.01185 5.059293 8.1960556 68.2553
36 55
9 6 8 5
0.70830 3.541505 6.0711523 61.6126
38 52
1 5 6 6
0.50592 2.529646 4.2498066 55.7794
40 49
9 8 5 5
0.35415 1.770752 3.0355761 51.8063
42 47
1 8 8 3
0.25296 1.264823 2.1249033 47.3897
44 44
5 4 3 3
0.20237 1.011858 1.5177880 44.5296
46 42
2 7 9 5
0.10118 0.505929 1.2142304 41.7201
48 40
6 4 7 6
0.10118 0.505929 0.6071152 39.1130
50 38
6 4 4 4
0.05059 0.252964 0.6071152 37.8600
52 37
3 7 4 8
0.05059 0.252964 0.3035576 35.5565
54 35
3 7 2 2
0.3035576 34.3035
56 0 0 34
2 6
58 0 0 0 33 33
60 0 0 0 33 33
62 0 0

7.5.4 The six-hour unit hydrograph of a watershed having a drainage area equal to 393 km 2 is as
follows:

For a storm over the watershed having excess rainfall of 5 cm for the first six hours and 15 cm for
the second six hours, compute the streamflow hydrograph, assuming constant baseflow of 100
m3/s.

Time Output Total

UH Rainfall Output 1
(h) 2 Output
0 0 5 0 100
6 1.8 15 9 0 109
12 30.9 154.5 27 281.5
18 85.6 428 463.5 991.5
24 41.8 209 1284 1593
30 14.6 73 627 800
36 5.5 27.5 219 346.5
42 1.8 9 82.5 191.5
 48 0 27 127
54 0 100

7.7.4. The 10-minute unit hydrograph for a 0.86-mi 2 watershed has 10-minutes ordinates in cfs/in of
134, 392, 475, 397, 329, 273, 227, 188, 156, 129, 107, 89, 74, 61, 51, 42, 35, 29, 24, 10, 17, 14,
11, Determine the peaking coefficient C p for Snyders method. The main channel length is
10.500 ft and Lc 6000 ft. Determine the coeffiecient Cp.

t p =C1 Ct ( c )0.3

0.3
0.5=1. C t ( 1.989. 1.136 )

Ct =0.392

C2C p
qp=
tp

640. C p
475=
0.5

C p =0.371

7.7.11 A triangular synthetis unit hydrograph developed by Soil Conservation Service method has q p =
2900 cfs/in. Tp = 50 min and tv = 10 min. Compute the direct runoff hydrograph for a 20-minutes
storm, having 0.66 in rainfall in the first 10 minutes and 1.70 in in the second 10 minutes. The
rainfall loss rate is = 0.6 in/h throughout the storm.

Time UH Rainfall Q1 Q2 Total

0 0 0 0
10 580 0.66 382.8 0 382.8
20 1160 1.7 765.6 986 1751.6
30 1740 1148.4 1972 3120.4
40 2320 1531.2 2958 4489.2
50 2900 1914 3944 5858
60 3480 2296.8 4930 7226.8
70 4060 2679.6 5916 8595.6
80 4640 3062.4 6902 9964.4
90 5220 3445.2 7888 11333.2
100 5800 3828 8874 12702
 110 6380 4210.8 9860 14070.8
120 6960 4593.6 10846 15439.6
130 7540 4976.4 11832 16808.4
133.5 0 0 12818 12818
0 0