Written as per the revised syllabus prescribed by the Maharashtra State Board

of Secondary and Higher Secondary

Education, Pune.

Social Science Part 2

Geography and
Economics
STD. IX

Fifth Edition: April 2016

Salient Features

Exhaustive coverage of entire syllabus in Question Answer Format

Covers answers to all Textual Questions
Self Evaluative in nature

Simple and lucid language

Neat and authentic Maps
Quick Review at the end of every chapter
Practice Question Paper at the end of every chapter

Printed at: Repro India Ltd., Mumbai

No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, C.D. ROM/Audio Video Cassettes or electronic, mechanical
including photocopying; recording or by any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing from the Publisher.

P.O.No.18595

10044_10661_JUP

 Preface
In the case of good books, the point is not how many of them you can get through, but rather how many can get
through to you.
Std. IX: Geography and Economics is a complete and thorough guide extensively drafted to boost the
students confidence. The book covers the entire syllabus in question answer format. Each and every topic is
divided into subtopics for better understanding of concepts. The format of this book not only helps the student to
understand the concepts but also helps to write the answers based on the concepts. The book includes neat and
authentic Maps to support the answers where required. Questions on Map reading and Mapping are also provided
to the student for better preparation. A separate section of Quick Review at the end of every chapter has been
provided to enable quick and easy revision. Additionally, we have provided Question Papers at the end of each
chapter [20 Marks for Geography and 10 Marks for Economics] which will facilitate revision and practice for the
student.
The journey to create a complete book is strewn with triumphs, failures and near misses. If you think weve nearly
missed something or want to applaud us for our triumphs, wed love to hear from you.
A book affects eternity; one can never tell where its influence stops.

Best of luck to all the aspirants!

Yours faithfully,
Publisher

No. Topic Name Page No.

GEOGRAPHY
1 Concept of Region 1
2 Natural Resources 11
3 Occupation 33
4 Agriculture 46
5 Industries 58
6 Transportation, Communication and Tourism 68
7 Population 83
8 Regional Development 94
9 Practical 105
ECONOMICS
1 Introduction of Economics 113
2 Basic Concepts of Economics 116
3 Sources of Income 119
4 Family Budget 124

Note: Textual questions are represented by * mark.


01 ConceptofRegion
Q.1.A. Complete the following statements by
choosing the appropriate alternative
from those given in the brackets.
(1 mark each)
Maharashtra (Location and Extent)
1. Maharashtra State came into existence on
_______.
(1st June 1960, 1st May 1960, 1st July 1960,
1st March 1960)
2. State of _______ lies to the northwest of
Maharashtra.
(Gujarat, Goa, MadhyaPradesh, Rajasthan)
3. The east-west maximum stretch of
Maharashtra is approximately _______ km.
(860, 780, 870, 680)
4. The north-south maximum stretch of
Maharashtra is approximately _____ km.
(730, 370, 430, 703)
5. Maharashtra State is located along the
_______ coast of Peninsular India.
(eastern, western, northern, southern)
6. The geographical area of Maharashtra State is
_______ lakh sq. km.
(3.40, 3.08,3.80, 3.01).
7. Maharashtra has _______ districts of varying
areal extent. (36, 25,45, 55)
8. _______ district in Maharashtra is the smallest
in terms of areal extent.
(Pune, Satara, Raigad, Mumbai City)
9. There are _______ talukas in Maharashtra.
(455, 123, 355, 457)
*10. There are approximately _______ thousand
villages in Maharashtra. (65, 41, 51, 53)
11. For the administrative purposes, the 36
districts in Maharashtra are placed into
_______ divisions.(six, five, three, two)
Concept of a Region
12. Different parts of a vast area having common
characteristics are called_______.
(regions, talukas, administrative blocks, zilas)
Chapter01:ConceptofRegion
13. Area having a great relief is called _______
region.
(hilly, forest, plain, plateau)
14. Mountainous region or forest region are the
regions based on the _______ characteristics.
(physical, cultural, economic, social)
Boundaries of Regions
15. Boundaries are demarcated on map as well as
on _______.
(ground, regions, walls, lines)
16. The boundaries of geographical regions are in
the form of_______ zones.
(transitional, thin, political, administrative)
*17. Boundaries of _______ regions are practically
marked on the ground.
(rainfall, population, political, crop)
*18. Of the geographical regions, only _______ has
its boundaries in the form of a line.
(rainfall region, coastal region, river basin,
climate region)
Regions based on Physical Setting
19. The region to the east of Western Ghats
having low relief, without the same direction
of slope is known as _______ region.
(plateau, plain, mountainous, hilly)
20. The area occupied by Tapi basin in North
Maharashtra has a _______ slope.
(eastward, northward, westward,
southward)
*21. The overall slope of land in the Wardha
Wainganga basin is towards _______
direction.
(east,west, north, south)
22. The region along with the Tapi basin is a high
relief region known as _______.
(Satpuda, Vidharbha, Wardha, Wainganga)
23. Conventionally, blue colour is always used to
represent _______on the map.
(water, wind, ice, hill)
1
Std.IX:Geography
Regions on the basis of Economic Factors 5. What are mountainous or hilly regions?
24. In Maharashtra, Cotton area is concentrated in Ans: i. The areas having greater relief are
the _______ rainfall zone. known as mountainous or hilly regions.
(low, very high, high, medium) ii. These are regions based on the physical
characteristics.
*25. Crop region of cotton spreads in _______ part
of Maharashtra. 6. What is a forest region?
(western, north-central, eastern, southern) Ans: i. When there is dense growth of trees in a
region, it is known as forest region.
26. Starting from Dhule district, a continuous belt ii. It is identified based on the physical
of cotton area extends eastward upto characteristics of the region.
_______District.
(Nagpur, Wardha, Sindhudurg, Amaravati) 7. Which factors influence the socio-economic
and cultural aspects of a region?
B. Match the words from Column A with Ans: Some of the factors which influence the socio-
Column B (1 mark each) economic and cultural aspects of a region are:
i. The people residing in the area.
1. ii. Manner in which they have adjusted to
Column A Column B the physical conditions.
i. Units of District a. Westward slope iii. The way in which natural resources are
utilized by them.
ii. Tapi basin b. North Central part
of Maharashtra 8. What are Administrative regions?
iii. Concentration of c. Isohytes Ans: i. When areas are divided into suitable
cotton crop regions for the case of administration, they
iv. Wardha d. Talukas are known as Administrative regions.
Wainganga basin ii. Administrative regions have well
e. North South direction demarcated boundaries.
Ans: (i d ), (ii a), (iii b), (iv e) iii. For e.g., Maharashtra State is divided into
36 districts for administrative purposes.
Q.2. Answer in Brief (Questions for self study)
Boundaries of Regions
Maharashtra (Location and Extent) 9. Name the essential data required for
1. Name the largest district in Maharashtra in drawing the boundary of climate on the
terms of areal extent. map.
Ans: The largest district in Maharashtra in terms of Ans: i. The essential data used to draw
areal extent is Ahmednagar. boundary of climate on the map is
2. Why are the districts in Maharashtra temperature and rainfall.
divided into Talukas? ii. However, they do not change abruptly
Ans: The districts in Maharashtra are divided into on the line of the boundary, but change
Talukas for better administrative purposes. gradually over a region.

3. How is the population in Maharashtra Regions based on Physical Setting

distributed? 10. State the factors for the identification of the
Ans: The population in Maharashtra is distributed physiographic regions.
in approximately 41,000 villages and 378 Ans: i. Physiographic regions of an area are
urban centers in Maharashtra. identified on the basis of factors like
height, relief, slope, rock type etc.
Concept of a Region ii. For e.g., the Konkan, along the west
4. What is a region? coast, stands out as a distinct
Ans: i. A small portion of a vast area having physiographic region due to its
common characteristics is called a westward slope,low height and easily
region. identifiable boundries of the costline in
ii. These characteristics can be physical, the west and the Western Ghat
cultural, social, economic etc. escarpment in the east.
2

11. How can we identify Western Ghat region?
Ans: i. The Western Ghat region can be easily
identified due to its great height and
relief.
ii. It is a north-south extending
physiographic region.
12. Name the three distinct regions of
Maharashtra on the basis of direction of the
slope.
Ans: The three distinct regions of Maharashtra on
the basis of direction of the slope are:
i. The area occupied by the Tapi basin in
north Maharashtra having westward
slope.
ii. The area occupied by the Wardha-
Wainganga river basin sloping in the
north-south direction.
iii. Rest of the plateau area having eastward
slope.
13. How are the different hills and ranges
separated towards the south of Ajanta
range and east of the Ghats?
Ans: The different hills and ranges towards the
south of Ajanta range and east of the Ghats are
separated on the basis of major river basins
such as Godavari, Bhima and Krishna.
Regions on the basis of Economic Factors
14. Which factors are included under the group
of economic factors?
Ans: Agriculture, Industry,Trade and similar factors
are included under the group of economic
factors.
15. What is the essential and basic exercise of
the planning process?
Ans: i. Identification of regions is an essential
and basic exercise of the planning
process.
ii. Region selection helps planner to plan
the developmental strategies.
Q.3. Write short notes on (2 marks each)
Maharashtra (Location and Extent)
1. Location and extent of Maharashtra.
Ans: i. Maharashtra State extends between 15
35 46 N and 22 02 13 N latitudes
and between 72 38 45 E and 80 53
17 E longitudes.
ii. State of Gujarat lies to the northwest of
Maharashtra.
Chapter01:ConceptofRegion
iii. Madhya Pradesh lies in the north and to
the east is the State of Chhattisgarh.
iv. Goa, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh are
located to the south of the state.
v. The east-west and the north-south
maximum stretches of the state are
approximately 860 km and 730 km
respectively.
vi. The state is located along the western
coast of Peninsular India.
vii. Its geographical area is 3.08 lakh sq. km.
viii. The State is gifted with a coast line of
720 km.
2. Administrative divisions of Maharashtra.
Ans: i. There are 41,000 villages and 378 urban
centers that accommodate the entire
population of Maharashtra.
ii. Maharashtra is divided into suitable
regions for the ease of administration
and they are known as Districts.
iii. There are 36 Districts of varying areal
extent in Maharashtra.
iv. These Districts are further divided in to
smaller units called Talukas.
v. There are 355 Talukas within the 36
Districts of in Maharashtra.
vi. For further administrative purposes, the
36 districts are placed into six Divisions
of Konkan, Pune, Nasik, Aurangabad,
Amaravati and Nagpur.
Boundaries of Regions
*3. Boundaries of Geographical Regions.
Ans: i. Boundaries of geographical regions
differ considerably from political and
administrative boundaries which are
precisely demarcated on map as well as
on ground.
ii. For e.g., temperature and rainfall data
are used to draw the geographical
boundaries of climatic regions.
iii. However, the climate does not change
suddenly (abrubtly) on the line of the
boundary. It changes gradually over that
entire region in transitions.
iv. Due to such changes in most
geographical factors that take place in a
gradual manner, their boundaries are
also in the form of transitional zones on
ground, even if they are determined on
the basis of quantitative information.
3
Std.IX:Geography
v. Hence, for most geographical regions,
boundaries are drawn only on maps and
never on ground.
vi. It is only the river basins, where precise
boundaries can be found as they are
defined on the basis of lines of water
divide.
*4. Factors of Region Identification.
Ans: i. Regions are identified on the basis of
one or multiple factors.
ii. Regions can be identified on the basis of
physical, economic, social, cultural
factors, considering a single factor or
their combination. There are many
factors in each of these groups.
iii. Physiographic regions of an area are
identified on the basis of factors like
height, relief, slope, rock type etc.
iv. For e.g., the Konkan, along the west
coast stands out as a distinct
physiographic region due to its
westward slope, low height, coastline in
the west and Western Ghat escarpment
in the east.
v. Regions may not always be identified on
multiple factors. Single factors such as
rainfall can also be used to identify a
region.
vi. Regions can also be identified by
considering data on economic factors
like agriculture, industries, trade etc.For
e.g. cotton producing region, sugarcane
producing region etc.
vii. In addition to the above, administrative
regions are formed for the
administrative purposes. e.g. Districts,
Talukas etc.
Regions on the basis of Economic Factors
5. Concentration of factories in Maharashtra.
Ans: The concentration of factories in Maharashtra
is as follows:
i. There is high concentration of factories
in Mumbai (City and Suburban), Thane
(Thane and Palghar) and Solapur
districts. These districts have 46-62
factories per lakh population.
ii. It is followed by Raigad and Pune
districts which have 40-45 factories per
lakh population.
4
iii. The districts like Nandurbar, Gadchiroli,
Beed, Osmanabad and Latur have very
low concentration of factories. These
districts have less than seven factories
per lakh population.
Q.4. Give Geographical Reasons for the
following (2 marks each)
Concept of a Region
1. The factors that influence the socio-
economic and cultural aspects of a region
are many.
Ans: i. The regions based on the socio-
economic and cultural aspects are
largely influenced by a variety of
factors.
ii These factors inculde the people
residing in the area, the manner in which
they have adjusted to the physical
conditions and the way they utilize
available natural resource.
Thus, many factors influence the socio-
economic and cultured aspects of a region.
2. Different characteristics are taken into
consideration when an area is referred to as
a region.
Ans: When an area is taken into consideration as a
region, following characteristics are expected
to be present.
i. At least one or more characteristics have
to be common
ii. Regional Continuity
iii. Common Regional Personality
iv. Similarity
Boundaries of Regions
*3. Boundaries of geographical regions are not
marked on the ground.
Ans: Refer Q.3, (3).
*4. Boundaries of geographical regions are in
the form of transitional zones.
Ans: i. Boundaries of land areas and boundaries
of geographical regions differ
considerably.
ii. Changes in most of the geographical
factors take place in a gradual manner,
in the form of transition.
iii. As a result, boundaries of geographical
regions are also in the form of
transitional zones.
 Chapter01:ConceptofRegion
iv. For e.g., to determine a climatic iii. On the basis of slope, three distinct
region,data like temperature and rainfall regions can be identified. They are:
of that region is used to draw the a. the Tapi basin having a
boundary on the map. Since both these westward slope;
factors change in a transition,its b. the Wardha-Waingange basin
boundaries are in the form of having north-south slope;
transitional zones.
c. the rest of the Plateau having an
Regions Based on Physical Setting eastward slope.
*5. The low rainfall zone in Maharashtra is iv. Physiographic regions of Maharashtra
parallel to the western ghats. are also identified on the basis of
Ans: i. The region of low rainfall is defined by single factor like rainfall distribution.
isohyet of 700 mm, which means
v. There are 4 regions identified on the
rainfall is less than 700 mm.
basis of rainfall distribution. They are:
ii. The region of low rainfall in
Maharashtra is in the rainshadow area of a. very high rainfall i.e. more than
the ghat. 3000 mm, e.g. Western Ghat
iii. It extends in the north-south direction region;
and hence it is parallel to the western b. high rainfall i.e. between 1000
ghats. mm and 3000 mm, e.g. Konkan,
Thus, the low rainfall zone in Maharashtra is parts of the Ghat and most of the
parallel to the western ghats. Wardha-Wainganga basin;
Regions on the basis of Economic Factors c. medium rainfall i.e. between 700
6. The identification of regions is an essential mm and 1000 mm and
and basic exercise of planning process. d. low rainfall i.e. less than 700
Ans: i. The identification of regions helps the mm, e.g. regions that are roughly
planner to plan the developmental parallel to the Ghats and in
activities. north-south direction.
ii. It helps in the smooth functioning of the vi. Salient features of Konkan as a
economic activities. physiographic region are as follows:
iii. Concentration or lack of economic a. Westward slope
activities in a particular area can be
b. Low height
studied.
iv. It also helps in the research over the area c. Coast line in the west
in detail. d. Western Ghat escarpment in the
Hence the identification of regions is an east.
essential and basic exercise of planning e. North-south extending region.
process.
Q.5. Answer the following questions in detail
(4 marks each)
Regions based on Physical Setting
*1. What are the factors used to identify the Palghar

physiographic regions of Maharashtra in Thane

the lesson? Explain the salient features of Mumbai

Raigad

Konkan as a physiographic region.

Ans: The factors used to identify the physiographic A
R
regions of Maharashtra in the lesson are: A Maharashtra State
Ratnagiri

B
i. Based on height, relief, slope, rock type I Konkan Division
A
etc. N N
ii. The Konkan, Western Ghat and the S Sindhudurg
E
plateau can be identified on the basis of A
height and relief.
5
Std.IX:Geography
Regions on the basis of Economic Factors 3. Name the peak found in the Sahyadri range.
*2. Explain the basis on which the crop region Ans: Kalasubai peak is found in the Sahyadri range.
for cotton has been identified. Using the
map describe the areas in which cotton is a 4. Name the river found in Kolhapur district.
predominant crop. Ans: The river found in Kolhapur district is river
Ans: i. Crop regions are identified on the basis Panchaganga.
of the concentration of a given crop.
ii. Certain areas have favourable conditions B. By referring figure 1.4 on page 5 of your
for the growth of certain crops. textbook, answer the following questions.
iii. The given map is drawn on the basis of area 1. How much rainfall does Mumbai City
under cotton crop from different districts. receive?
iv. In the given map, dot method is used to Ans: Mumbai City receives an annual rainfall of
represent cotton crop on the basis of above 3000 mm.
modern rainfall distribution.
v. Each dot represents 1000 hectares of 2. Name the districts in Maharashtra which
area under the crop. fall under the rain-shadow area.
vi. In regions having very high rainfall,
Ans: Nashik, Dhule, Ahmednagar, Aurangabad,
high rainfall and low rainfall there are
Jalna, Sangli and Solapur fall under the rain-
very few dots.
shadow area in Maharashtra.
vii. Most of the dots are concentrated in the
medium rainfall zone, which is in the 3. What is the average rainfall received by
north central parts of the state, starting Amravati?
from Dhule district upto Wardha district.
Ans: The average annual rainfall received by
viii. The medium rainfall zone continue
Amravati is around 700-1000 mm.
towards south to cover most of the
eastern districts of Aurangabad division 4. Name any two districts in Maharashtra
upto Nanded district. which receive an annual rainfall of about
1000-3000 mm.
Nandurbar

Dhule Nagpur
Ans: Nagpur and Wardha receive an annual rainfall
Jalgaon
Amravati
Akola of about 1000-3000 mm.
Wardha
Buldhana
Chandrapur
Nashik Aurangabad Washim
Yavatmal *C. By referring map 1.2 on page 3 of your
Jalna
textbook, make a list of districts falling in
Hingoli
Ahmadnagar
A
r Beed
Parbhani Nanded
each administrative division of
a
b
Maharashtra state.
i
Osmanabad
Latur
Ans:
a Satara
Solapur
n Maharashtra State Division Districts
S
N Distribution of
e Cotton Konkan Palghar, Thane, Mumbai Suburban,
a
1 Dot = 1,000 Hectare Mumbai City, Raigad, Ratnagiri,
Sindhudurg.
Pune Pune, Satara, Solapur, Sangli,
Q.6. Map Reading (1 mark each)
Kolhapur.
A. By referring map 1.3 on page 4 of your Nasik Nasik, Ahmednagar, Dhule,
textbook, answer the following questions. Nandurbar, Jalgaon.
1. By which method is the given map drawn? Aurangabad Aurangabad, Jalna, Beed, Parabhani,
Ans: The given map is drawn by using a hill shade Hingoli, Nanded, Latur, Osmanabad.
method.
Amravati Amravati, Akola, Washim, Buldhana,
2. Which moutain range lies towards the Yavatmal.
north of Maharashtra?
Nagpur Nagpur, Bhandara, Chandrapur,
Ans: The Satpuda range lies towards the north of
Wardha, Gondiya, Gadchiroli.
Maharashtra.
6
 Chapter01:ConceptofRegion

Q.7. Show the following details on an outline map of Maharashtra (1 mark each)
i. Largest district in Maharashtra
ii. Capital of Maharashtra
iii. Sahyadri Mountain
iv. Satpura Mountain
v. Konkan Division
vi. Nagpur Division
Ans: The details are shown in the map given below:

(4)

(6)

(2) (1)
(3)
A
R
A
B (5)
I Maharashtra State
A Index
N
(1) Largest district in Maharashtra
N -Ahmednagar
S
E (2) Capital of Maharashtra-Mumbai
A
(3) Sahyadri Mountain
(4) Satpura Mountain
(5) Konkan Division
(6) Nagpur Division

7
Std.IX:Geography

Quick Review

Maharashtra State Administrative Division

Nandurbar

Nagpur Gondiya
Dhule Jalgaon Amaravati

Buldhana
Akola Wardha
Nasik

Washim Yavatmal Chandrapur

Aurangabad

Jalna
Hingoli Gadchiroli
Thane Ahmednagar
Parabhani
R Beed
Mumbai a Nanded
Pune
i
A g
R a Latur
A d
Index
B Osmanabad
I R Solapur Konkan division
a Satara
A t
n Pune division
N a
Sangli
g
i N Aurangabad division
S r
Kolhapur
E i
Amravati division
A
Nagpur division

Nashik division

Maharashtra : Location and Extent

Existence : 1st May 1960
Latitudes : 15 35 46 N and 22 02 13 N
Longitudes: 72 38 45 E and 80 53 17E
East-West distance : 860 km
North-South distance : 730 km
Areal extent : 3.08 lakhs sq. km.
Coastline length : 720 km
Population : 11,23,72,972 (2011 census)

Surroundings:
Northwest Gujarat
North Madhya Pradesh
East Chhattisgarh
South Goa, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh.
8
 Chapter01:ConceptofRegion
Administrative Divisions:
Maharashtra is divided into 36 districts placed under 6 divisions: Konkan, Pune, Nasik, Aurangabad,
Amaravati and Nagpur.
Largest district Ahmednagar
Smallest district Mumbai City
Total Talukas 355
Total urban centres 378
Total villages 41,000

Region:
Certain portion of an area having common characteristics Region.
Administrative regions Areas divided for the ease of administration.
Characteristics of region Regional contiguity, Common Regional Personality, Similarity.

Boundaries of Region:
Boundaries of land area are in the form of thin boundary lines. These differ from region to region.
Boundaries of geographical regions are in the form of Transitional zones.

Region Identification:
Regions are identified on the basis of one or multiple factors.

Regions based on Physical Setting:

Physiographic regions are identified on the basis of factors like height, relief, slope, rock type etc.
Single factor like rainfall distribution is also considered for identification of regions.

Regions based on Economic Factors:

Agriculture, industry and trade are included in the group of economic factors.
Crop regions are identified on the basis of the concentration of a given crop.
Regionalisation process of identification of a region.

Rainfall in Maharashtra:

Type Annual Rainfall (in mm) Areas

i. Very high Above 3000 mm Isolated patches in Western Ghats
ii. High 1000 3000 mm West : Konkan area and Ghats
East : Wardha Wainganga basin
iii. Medium 700 1000 mm North Central Parts
iv. Low Below 700 mm Regions parallel to Ghats and extending in
North-South direction.

Concentration of Factories:

Type Regions
i. High 4662 Mumbai (City and Suburban), Thane, Palghar and Solapur
ii. Medium 4045 Raigad, Pune
iii. Low Less than 7 Nandurbar, Gadchiroli, Beed, Osmanabad, Latur

9
Std.IX:Geography

Question Paper
Total Marks:20
Q.1 A. Complete the following statements by choosing the appropriate alternative from those
given in thebrackets. [3]
i. There are approximately _______ thousand villages in Maharashtra.
(65, 41, 51, 53)
ii. Boundaries of _______ regions are practically marked on the ground.
(rainfall, population, political, crop)
iii. Crop region of cotton spreads in _______ part of Maharashtra.
(western, north-central, eastern, southern)
B. Match the words from Column A with Column B. [3]
Column A Column B
i. Konkan Division a. Dhule district
ii. Nasik Division b. Kolhapur district
iii. Pune Division c. Sindhudurg district
d. Latur district
Q.2. Write short notes on. (Any 1) [2]
i. Boundaries of Geographical Regions
ii. Factors of Region Identification.
Q.3. Give reasons for the following. (Any 2) [4]
i. Boundaries of geographical regions are in the form of transitional zones.
ii. The low rainfall zone in Maharashtra is parallel to the western Ghats.
iii. Boundaries of geographical regions are not marked on the ground.
Q.4. Answer the following questions in detail. (Any 1) [4]
i. Explain the basis on which the crop region for cotton has been identified.
Using the map describe the areas in which cotton is a predominant crop.
ii. What are the factors used to identify the physiographic regions of Maharashtra?
Q.5. Map reading.
A. By referring the map 1.4 on page no. 5 of your textbook, answer the following [2]
questions.
i. Name any two districts from rain shadow area.
ii. Name any two districts where average annual rainfall is above 3000 millimeter.
B. Show the following details on an outline map of Maharashtra. [2]
i. Largest district in Maharashtra
ii. Sahyadri Mountains

10

01 IntroductionofEconomics
Q.1. Complete the following statements by
choosing the appropriate alternative
from those given in the brackets.
(1 mark each)
Introduction: Economic Progress of Human
Being
*1. Economics is a _____ science.
(physical, social, natural)
*2. Economics studies mans ____ behaviour in
society.
(economic, social, political)
3. _______ is the mother of invention.
(Struggle, Progress, Necessity)
4. Today, the barter system is commonly known
as _____.
(commerce, business, trade)
Meaning and Definition of Economics
*5. The Greek word OIKONOMIA means
_______.
(household, household management,
household science)
*6. _____ is considered as the Father of
Economics.
(Lionel Robbins, Adam Smith,
Alfred Marshall)
7. Principle of Economics was published in the
year________.
(1890,1980,1876)
*8. Modern definition of economics is considered
as _______oriented definition.
(welfare, scarcity, wealth)
Importance of Study of Economics
9. Knowledge of economics helps an individual
to become a better and more _____ consumer,
producer, businessman.
(efficient, inefficient, optimum)
10. Knowledge of ______ helps the government
to earn revenue for the economy.
(history, civics, economics)
Chapter01:IntroductionofEconomics
Q.2. Answer the following questions in one or
two sentences. (2 marks each)
Introduction: Economic Progress of Human Being
1. Who has called Economics as the Queen of
Social Sciences?
Ans: Economist Prof.P.A. Samuelson has called
Economics as the Queen of Social Sciences.
*2. Why is economics considered to be a social
science?
Ans: i. Man is a social animal.
ii Economics studies mans economic
behaviour in society.
Hence, economics is considered to be a social
science.
3. What was the nature of human wants in
pre-historic period?
Ans: i. In pre-historic period, human wants
were limited and could be fulfilled from
various natural resources that were
freely available in nature.
ii. For e.g. caves to stay, leaves for clothes
etc.
4. What is meant by the Barter System?
Ans: The process through which man started to
exchange goods for goods to satisfy his needs
is known as barter system.
Meaning and Definition of Economics
*5. From which Greek word is the term
Economics derived?
Ans: i. The term Economicsis derived from
the Greek word OIKONOMIA.
ii. It means Household Management.
*6. Describe Adam Smiths definition of
economics.
Ans: i. Adam Smith, who is considered to be
the Father of Economics, has
described economics as a science of
wealth in his book Wealth of Nations,
published in the year 1776.
ii. His definition of economics is a wealth
oriented definition.
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 Std.IX:Economics
*7. Name the book in which Dr. Alfred Marshall
has given more importance to human welfare.
Ans: Alfred Marshall has given more importance to
human welfare in his book Principles of
Economics, published in 1890.
8. Describe Alfred Marshalls definition of
economics.
Ans: According to Alfred Marshall, economics is a
science which studies human welfare and
hence his definition of economics is known as
awelfare oriented definition.
9. Name the authors of the following books:
i. Wealth of Nations
ii. Principles of Economics
iii. An Essay on the Nature and
Significance of Economic Science
Ans:
Book Author
i. Wealth of Nations Adam Smith
ii. Principles of Economics Dr. Alfred Marshall
iii. An Essay on the Nature Prof. Lionel
and Significance of Robbins
Economic Science
Importance of Study of Economics
10. Enlist the fields in which economics is
applicable.
Ans: Economics is applicable in a wide range of
fields including agriculture, business, finance,
administration, law, local and international
government and in our day to day working
environment.
11. How is the study of economics helpful for
the government?
Ans: i. The study of economics is helpful for
the government to understand the
various socio-economic problems such
as unemployment, inflation, poverty etc.
ii. It also helps the government bodies to
frame proper fiscal policies, tax policies
etc. which would help the government
earn revenue for the economy.
Q.3. Answer the following questions in five to six
sentences. (4 marks each)
Introduction: Economic Progress of Human
Being
1. What is Economics?
Ans: i. Economics is an important branch of
social science which studies mans
economic behaviour in the society.
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ii. It is the study of how people choose
to use resources like time, money,
labour, land, buildings, equipments
etc. effectively.
iii. It also examines how people use
limited or scarce resources to satisfy
their unlimited wants.
iv. Economist Prof. P.A. Samuelson has
called Economics as the Queen of
Social Sciences.
2. Explain the process of the economic
progress of human being.
Ans: i. Economic behaviour of man started
right from the evolution of of man.
ii. In pre-historic period, man wandered
from one place to another, to satisfy
his wants. During those days, human
wants were limited and could be
fulfilled through natural resources
such as caves to stay, leaves for
clothes etc.
iii. As man started progressing, his wants
multiplied and he started discovering
and inventing various ways to satisfy
his wants from the available resources.
iv. He started to exchange goods for
goods which was known as Barter
System.
v. Later, with the advent of money, this
barter system was transformed into
Trade.
vi. This evolution brought about
socio-economic development in the
economy.
Meaning and Definition of Economics
*3. State and explain modern definition of
economics.
Ans: i. In 1932, Prof. Lionel Robbins
explained economics in his book An
Essay on the Nature and Significance
of Economic Science.
ii. His explanation stated that
Economics is a science which studies
human behaviour as a relationship
between ends and scarce means which
have alternative uses.
iii. This definition is considered as the
modern definition of economics.
iv. His definition is characterized as a
scarcity oriented definition of
economics.

Importance of Study of Economics
*4. Explain the importance of study of economics.
Ans: Economics is considered to be one of the most
important branch of knowledge. It is
applicable in a wide range of fields and in our
day to day working environment. Economics
is very useful to every individual in the
modern economy.
The importance of the study of economics is
given below:
i. Intellectual Value:
The study of economics makes us realize
that human beings are dependent upon one
another for their daily needs.
It also broadens the outlook of human
beings and helps them in balanced thinking.
ii. Practical Purpose:
The knowledge of economics helps the
consumer to adjust his expenditure with
his income, so that he derives maximum
satisfaction.
Chapter01:IntroductionofEconomics
It helps the producer to make optimum
use of the resources, so that he can
earn profits.
Sellers can also determine the prices
with the knowledge of economics.
Thus, economics helps an individual to
become a better and more efficient
consumer, producer, businessman etc.
iii. Government Bodies:
The study of economics helps the
government to understand the various
socio-economic problems such as
unemployment, inflation, poverty etc.
It also helps the government bodies to
frame proper fiscal policies, tax
policies, etc, which would help the
government to earn revenue for the
economy.
Therefore, the study of economics is useful
to every individual in the modern economy.

Question Paper
Total Marks : 10
Q.1 Complete the following statements by choosing the appropriate alternative from those given
in the brackets. [2]
i. _____ is considered as the Father of Economics.
(Lionel Robbins, Adam Smith, Alfred Marshall)
ii. Modern definition of economics is considered as _______oriented definition.
(welfare, scarcity, wealth)
Q.2. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences. (Any 2) [4]
i. From which Greek word is the term Economics derived?
ii. Describe Adam Smiths definition of economics.
iii. Why is economics considered to be a social science?
Q.3. Answer the following questions in five to six sentences. (Any 1) [4]
i. Explain the importance of study of economics.
ii. State and explain modern definition of economics.

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