Biology Quiz-10 Facts about Human body

1. The gland which is in the shape of a pistol is:

Pancreas

2. Calcium requirement for the adult humans:

1200 mg daily

3. The test used to know the color blindness is:

Ishihara

4. Man can see with his two eyes:

Maximum angle of 108 degrees. But, the rat can see with its two eyes, the width of 162 degrees.

5. Vitamin P is:

Niacin (one of the vitamin B-complex group)

6. Vitamin M:

Folic acid

7. Vitamin K:

The letter K is taken from the word-Kgulation or Coagulation.

8. Vitamin B12:

One of the B-complex group and our body can synthesize it in the intestine itself and it is the
only vitamin containing a metal Cynocobalamine.

9. Bile juice:

Around one liter of bile is produced in the liver.

10. Heart beats:

Human heart beats more than one lakh (0.1million) times in a day.

Biology, Human Body

What is a Phobia-Different Types of Phobias
Phobia is an anxiety disorder characterized by extreme and irrational fear of simple things or
social situations; phobic disorder is a general term for all phobias

Phobia Description

Fear of heights
Acrophobia, Altophobia

Fear of a place or event where escape is

Agoraphobia impossible or when help is unavailable

Fear of cats
Ailurophobia

Fear of pain
Algophobia

Fear of vehicles, driving

Amaxophobia

Fear of males
Androphobia

Fear or dislike of anthropomorphic traits

Anthropomorphobia

Fear of bees
Apiphobia, Melissophobia

Fear of water
Aquaphobia, Hydrophobia

Fear of spiders
Arachnophobia
 Fear of thunder, lightning and storms; especially
Astraphobia, Astrapophobia, common in young children
Brontophobia, Keraunophobia

Fear of being alone

Autophobia, Monophobia

Fear of flying
Aviophobia, Aviatophobia

Fear of microbes and bacteria

Bacillophobia, Bacteriophobia,
Microbiophobia

Fear of frogs, amphibians

Batrachophobia

Fear of bisexuals
Biphobia

Fear of slime
Blennophobia

Fear of cattle
Bovophobia

Fear of cancer
Carcinophobia

Fear of bats
Chiroptophobia

Aversion to food
Cibophobia,Sitophobia

Fear of confined spaces

Claustrophobia
 Fear of going to bed or falling asleep
Clinophobia

Fear of clowns
Coulrophobia

Fear of dogs
Cynophobia

Fear of dentists and dental procedures

Dental phobia, Dentophobia,
Odontophobia

Fear of insanity
Dementophobia

Fear of crossing streets

Dromophobia

A phobic obsession with a real or imaginary body

Dysmorphophobia, or body defect
dysmorphic disorder

Fear of vomiting
Emetophobia

Fear of insects
Entomophobia

Fear of youth or adolescents

Ephebophobia

Fear of horses
Equinophobia, Hippophobia

Fear of work or functioning, or a surgeons fear of

Ergasiophobia, Ergophobia operating
 Fear of sexual love or sexual questions
Erotophobia

Pathological blushing
Erythrophobia

Fear of sexual intercourse

Genophobia, Coitophobia

Fear of crossing bridges

Gephyrophobia

Fear of growing old or a hatred of old people

Gerontophobia

Fear of speaking in public or of trying to speak

Glossophobia

Fear of nudity
Gymnophobia, Nudophobia

Fear of sunlight
Heliophobia

Fear of blood
Hemophobia, Haemophobia

Fear of reptiles
Herpetophobia

Fear/dislike of heterosexuals
Heterophobia

Fear of the number 666

Hexakosioihexekontahexaphobia

Fear of sermons
Homilophobia
 Fear, dislike, or hatred of homosexual people
Homophobia

Fear of firearms (guns)

Hoplophobia

Fear of water
Hydrophobia

Fear of speaking
Lalophobia, Laliophobia

Fear of loud noises

Ligyrophobia

Fear of string
Linonophobia

Fear-induced prejudice against Muslims or Islamic

Islamophobia culture

Fear of mice and/or rats

Musophobia

Fear of germs, contamination or dirt

Mysophobia

Fear of death, the dead

Necrophobia, Thanatophobia

Fear of newness, novelty

Neophobia, Cainophobia,
Cainotophobia, Cenophobia,
Centophobia, Kainolophobia,
Kainophobia

Fear of contracting a disease

Nosophobia
 Fear of numbers
Numerophobia

Fear of darkness
Nyctophobia, Achluophobia,
Lygophobia, Scotophobia

Fear of crowds
Ochlophobia

Fear of snakes
Ophidiophobia

Fear of birds
Ornithophobia

Fear of smells
Osmophobia, Olfactophobia

Fear of Friday the 13th

Paraskavedekatriaphobia,
Paraskevidekatriaphobia,
Friggatriskaidekaphobia

Fear of everything or constantly afraid without

Panphobia knowing what is causing it

Faer of ghosts
Phasmophobia

Fear of phobias
Phobophobia

Hypersensitivity to light causing aversion to light

Photophobia

Hypersensitivity to sound causing aversion to

Phonophobia sounds
 Fear of choking
Pnigophobia

Faer of beards
Pogonophobia

Fear of fire
Pyrophobia

Fear of radiation or X-rays

Radiophobia

Fear of trains
Siderodromophobia

Fear/dislike of society or people in general

Sociophobia

Fear of the grave, or fear of being placed in a

Taphophobia grave while still alive

Fear of technology
Technophobia

Fear of childbirth
Tokophobia

Fear or dislike of transgender or transsexual

Transphobia people

Fear of hair
Trichophobia

Fear of the number 13

Triskaidekaphobia, Terdekaphobia

Fear of needles, injections or of pointed objects

Trypanophobia, Aichmophobia,
 Belonephobia, Enetophobia

Fear or dislike of strangers or the unknown

Xenophobia

Fear of animals
Zoophobia

Biology, Diseases

Blood Groups, Blood Typing and Blood Transfusions

Posted by admin On February - 9 - 2011

The discovery of blood groups

Experiments with blood transfusions, the transfer of blood or blood components into a persons
blood stream, have been carried out for hundreds of years. Many patients have died and it was
not until 1901, when the Austrian Karl Landsteiner discovered human blood groups, that blood
transfusions became safer.

Mixing blood from two individuals can lead to blood clumping or agglutination. The clumped
red cells can crack and cause toxic reactions. This can have fatal consequences. Karl Landsteiner
discovered that blood clumping was an immunological reaction which occurs when the receiver
of a blood transfusion has antibodies against the donor blood cells.

Karl Landsteiners work made it possible to determine blood groups and thus paved the way for
blood transfusions to be carried out safely. For this discovery he was awarded the Nobel Prize in
Physiology or Medicine in 1930.

What is blood made up of?

An adult human has about 46 liters of blood circulating in the body. Among other things, blood
transports oxygen to various parts of the body.

Blood consists of several types of cells floating around in a fluid called plasma.

The red blood cells contain hemoglobin, a protein that binds oxygen. Red blood cells transport
oxygen to, and remove carbon dioxide from, the body tissues.
 The white blood cells fight infection.

The platelets help the blood to clot, if you get a wound for example.

The plasma contains salts and various kinds of proteins.

What are the different blood groups?

The differences in human blood are due to the presence or absence of certain protein molecules
called antigens and antibodies. The antigens are located on the surface of the red blood cells and
the antibodies are in the blood plasma. Individuals have different types and combinations of
these molecules. The blood group you belong to depends on what you have inherited from your
parents.

There are more than 20 genetically determined blood group systems known today, but the AB0
and Rh systems are the most important ones used for blood transfusions. Not all blood groups are
compatible with each other. Mixing incompatible blood groups leads to blood clumping or
agglutination, which is dangerous for individuals.

Nobel Laureate Karl Landsteiner was involved in the discovery of both the AB0 and Rh blood
groups.

AB0 blood grouping system

According to the AB0 blood group system there are four different kinds of blood groups: A, B,
AB or 0 (null).

Blood group A
If you belong to the blood group A, you have A antigens on the surface of
your red blood cells and B antibodies in your blood plasma.

Blood group B
If you belong to the blood group B, you have B antigens on the surface of
your red blood cells and A antibodies in your blood plasma.
 Blood group AB
If you belong to the blood group AB, you have both A and B antigens on the
surface of your red blood cells and no A or B antibodies at all in your blood
plasma.
Blood group 0
If you belong to the blood group 0 (null), you have neither A or B antigens on
the surface of your red blood cells but you have both A and B antibodies in
your blood plasma.

Rh factor blood grouping system

Many people also have a so called Rh factor on the red blood cells surface. This is also an
antigen and those who have it are called Rh+. Those who havent are called Rh-. A person with
Rh- blood does not have Rh antibodies naturally in the blood plasma (as one can have A or B
antibodies, for instance). But a person with Rh- blood can develop Rh antibodies in the blood
plasma if he or she receives blood from a person with Rh+ blood, whose Rh antigens can trigger
the production of Rh antibodies. A person with Rh+ blood can receive blood from a person with
Rh- blood without any problems.

Blood group notation

According to above blood grouping systems, you can belong to either of following 8 blood
groups:

A Rh+ B Rh+ AB Rh+ 0 Rh+

A Rh- B Rh- AB Rh- 0 Rh-

Can give blood Can receive

Blood Group Antigens Antibodies
to blood from
AB Rh+ A, B and Rh None AB Rh+ AB Rh+
AB Rh -
A Rh+
A Rh -
B Rh+
B Rh -
0 Rh+
0 Rh -
AB Rh - A and B None AB Rh - AB Rh -
(Can develop Rh AB Rh+ A Rh -
antibodies) B Rh -
 0 Rh -
A Rh+ A and Rh B A Rh+ A Rh+
AB Rh+ A Rh -
0 Rh+
0 Rh -
A Rh - A B A Rh - A Rh -
(Can develop Rh A Rh+ 0 Rh -
antibodies) AB Rh -
AB Rh+
B Rh+ B and Rh A B Rh+ B Rh+
AB Rh+ B Rh -
0 Rh+
0 Rh-
B Rh - B A B Rh- B Rh -
(Can develop Rh B Rh+ 0 Rh -
antibodies) AB Rh-
AB Rh+
0 Rh+ Rh A and B 0 Rh+ 0 Rh+
A Rh+ 0 Rh -
B Rh+
AB Rh+

0 Rh - None A and B (Can AB Rh+ 0 Rh -

develop Rh AB Rh -
antibodies) A Rh+
A Rh -
B Rh+
B Rh -
0 Rh+
0 Rh -

article source : nobelprize.org

Biology, Human Body

Genetically Modified Foods or GM Foods

Posted by admin On January - 12 - 2011

Genetically modified (GM) foods are foods derived from genetically modified organisms.
Genetically modified organisms have had specific changes introduced into their DNA by genetic
engineering techniques. These techniques are much more precise than mutagenesis (mutation
breeding) where an organism is exposed to radiation or chemicals to create a non-specific but
stable change. Other techniques by which humans modify food organisms include selective
breeding (plant breeding and animal breeding), and somaclonal variation.

GM foods were first put on the market in the early 1990s. Typically, genetically modified foods
are transgenic plant products: soybean, corn, canola, and cotton seed oil. Animal products have
also been developed, although as of July 2010 none are currently on the market. In 2006 a pig
was controversially engineered to produce omega-3 fatty acids through the expression of a
roundworm gene.Researchers have also developed a genetically-modified breed of pigs that are
able to absorb plant phosphorus more efficiently, and as a consequence the phosphorus content of
their manure is reduced by as much as 60%.

Critics have objected to GM foods on several grounds, including possible safety

issues,ecological concerns, and economic concerns raised by the fact that these organisms are
subject to intellectual property law.

Biology

Biology Quiz-Biological Terms,Diseases,facts etc

Posted by admin On December - 30 - 2010

* Bones mainly made up of Calcium and Phosphorous

* Activity of Brain is recorded by EEG
* Cotton fibres are made of Cellulose
* Cows milk is a rich source of Vitamin A
* Deficiency of Iron in human diet causes Anemia
* How many bones are there in a newly born infant-300
* Lungs are enclosed in Pleural membrane
* Mumps is a disease caused by virus
* The largest organ of the human body skin
* The largest part of most diets are made up of Carbohydrates

Biology

What is Phycology
Posted by admin On July - 21 - 2010

Phycology (or algology), a part of botany, is the study of algae. Algae are important as plants in
aquatic ecosystems. Most algae are eukaryotic, photosynthetic organisms that live in a wet
environment. They are different from the higher plants by a lack of normal roots, stems or
leaves. Many types have one cell and are very small or microscopic (including plankton and
other algae); many others are have many cells, some of these being very big, like seaweeds such
as kelp and Sargassum.

Phycology is also the study of prokaryotic forms known as blue-green algae or cyanobacteria.
Some microscopic algae are also in Lichens.

A phycologist is a person who studies phycology.

Biology

What is Malacology?
Posted by admin On July - 21 - 2010

Malacology is the study of mollusks. These animals include snails, slugs, clams, mussels,
octopus, squid, and many other kinds of animals without backbones that are often found in the
sea, but sometimes in lakes and rivers, and on land. Most of them have shells, but not all of them.
Some people save these shells because they may be very pretty. Many people eat mollusks,
especially those people who live near the ocean.

Scientists study mollusks to learn how many kinds there are, where they are found, how they
came to be as they are, and what their lives are like, as well as many other things about them.
These scientists are called malacologists.