mpzoFsI2}8}2451 32(1) 2005 BABYS 72 Pale] OSS] FABIA ABSA oe MEG: BSrt- Wea - aE AAA AIA Soph PAIIATA, sey aea6 AH SH bE] HAL AS] MDS AAT} AS] Si7tol SRI] Hae] Arial} alt SAV FH YS] Bel, AE VRS be Aol DH olch. ofS ssho} HEH Wid Be ate ye A LEA SRAM $2] FAQ| AAW ES RES Am shri APole) ASS} vlavehwd 84) SAS] Hold HE S HAM] WBHS 7H! ato} bal ogee Sedo ules ee Fad WH Far Boa FF 46NS OR Fe HH AS ARIS Ve, RAs est Ve ass Ale}, 1. B48 ASV zs AAAS HuaAolol Hola Aol} iat Bel ASA ANS Bate, bt lated aoe 2, SNAE 813°, SNB 76.6", ANB differencet= 4.7°& URAC 3. Anterior cranial base length Ug Mandibular body length®) USF 0.9:1619 Anterior facial heightsll W1@ Posterior facial heights] 4448-2 7} 61.4%, oI} 62.0% UEbAA | 4. AW ASAPSO}A| eS IMPAG 842°, UA to SNE 90.8 HEPC. 5, Ricketts®) Plot Pele} AES 2.6mm, SHEL 2.5mm AL §]A]8hsL SVE. Bao: HH AS, fale, Vewet LA Hs] ASS AR Me) ae METAS dace Adela] Als|o} UeHEo| fal Lalal Uae ease) HES ASae WS AG MATIS Ma ADA Vt wasted was) dol Hasisich. ep olaie Waa £2 ASO Heol KIS 1B HAS) ASSL RS, AMOS Walsh] oe Beebe Na taal So] hese . Aelael del HASH] GA SRE Pacini”ol 9) Bay: HE ABN MOB? HES sincpeea S/2kchst ojsiaiat ze) Tol : 02-361-8812 E-mail : choihj88@yume. yonsei.ac.kr = BATE Ada FEST) (1995-1-0196) 41a a ACR Te XA Hol Net SHAS Bae] Baas F Felalch. A121; Broadbent"l Se AS =} SIIoo} FRR (cephalosta)S BHTLLA BA Sel Xa Bao] 7Heailn FINS] TAs, ess A HEAL AS SE lose) AAO VAI He ASS AG FO] VISE BAT Brodie”) Jal wee AAsigict, s2elo] BME 2A] Boe Qasishs F HUAI ASS AS At SOUS] AEA Tele HA het SAE Baslshe Volo) ols Esto) FHS Bad, aA abe Urol SA Se Wee ave. F BAS BANE Downs'7} POR BAS Te Dod HL TIS 1 8ate| F7) Uelte) AS 4B ASHE DUS AG ANTS ola Bjork”, Steiner”, Tweed" Holdaway” Sel Sle) Walaisiaz 5] Sassouni!'%= BA # olgele BAwwucte 2 rielel Faigle F892 Mal 1S Br} AS Age, Ricketts BAP oleae. 109J Korean Acad Pediatr Dent 32(1) 2005 9) 845 AR $9] shed] Va RATS Bet} a) BFE! A¥S} 75] Alohe) 1S. anchorages) GE aleele] R43 dol ole] aS AHS TILE Visual ‘Treatment Objective (V.7.0.)}8 2-3eke WR Ass 24), Jarabak''2 ASS) UPWAS WA Aes Hee MUS ard YAUT SE Laon MeNamaralt 8th HrSHEA|S eft Alo}s] Bal Bt of Yet Jae Lazo} BA, oh Fass) als GEHH 7S Bas Anta, SH ASI lps) dew Ase 1s a BAS So] GBS Bom} Pero} Hoe Aol} sls, of © 84 Bas) Fol RPE Ao} Yehiee Baro} = HAS] Yo], WY G SH] ojo} qe wey} Beat Hat Sich. Downs" Hehe Belo] AVL 1S, ww, a @, ALAA Wola a} Ao|7} sleda e274 Steiner" abehy Bes] ode] Aah allo) wet hea) depo} Be USALE Aol} UeHIBE EAL Aielel azo} Ue aden iste). Ags Mago ae Bao) BH # olFR24 Chan's Weil FHI Waoz, Garcia" Mexican American®, Alexanders Hitchcock” SS Hel BoE, Engler Spolter™s WEE Hy £3, Davoodys} Sassouni”, Hajighadimi 3° lee) soe 2 SY eae he wn, BAS wvelsich. SUVS HED eo 1 Selo) HLA aap 4 MEAS Aol) $8 APE Mase "2 Gao} 4 9) hes WOR ASA)S ZAe}ia eh ee © LOM 1A] BVM BAS WHR] Moh 104, 1249} 1719] BAM IOS ASS Se Asia. 2 sole A,B, BH ggg”, o} 9) fe) 7} slate FHAS RADHE Solel ete Bz wso} get 7) TAS Val Me Se] PHA s ade) das WS A ASe] Heth HB WE) Sel WAH A] Bo] ozo} ag BBE VES sla. obs Bela] Bale] 27a} Ae satel A BA AY PRL oe Ae MPa oS Ae EPH Ase} EBA SRA, HAW bE MN AS Fo] da ARLE Wa] BEAT Higley 4 8412) North American caucasian }de}ef wel #4243) | GALS WHAT Bugg’"S Latin Americas] 421171 HES WBOR AF Higleys} APs vlaestied Latin America °°] North American OPEC} @}2}9] 43 Bal sol] ASS AVUGS Merde data ole VS ze] Alolol 71QSE Se etch BSc}, Vann’ 442] North American Caucasian oF 3289) S44} ASA} EA Ball. PH] We GRA 4-54 HA1R71 Fete}: 10099} RAHA Ae alps aA e op ch 110 HAD hes] BA So] Bt HMA ASels) BEAo] Aas} LHe} Biol Savtt WIZ AF Be AP H7t BA] VS Hohe ASS) FE AS AAT, ojo} AzHe BAM oS olehel Bede] Sash Ad VS BAT NSIS Pel DIA SES F ah B44) AMA 5A BATQZ1S] BATS LE ob 9) FEW AS] LEAS BAe} cee] alae a Silo] waves Hho] ch. 1. CPA Sete 1, ARAN AAU Aas] Holl EOE Bao] UR ata 5 ABE: 44) BAD + 679) H]A7] obs 7HEU 21 21 dash aR Beh Eee] det Gaeta BS Jel oe 469 (2A} 259, ol} 218) WSS AHBAP 4 TAVELS AVG Aesth ©] APal AMG ob se} AGATE HE CO. Moyers J C1 A HT Bal = flush terminal plane %% mesial step2| a] 24-79) Hl 2 7H Al, Sassouni®] CL 1 $85] BAZ Jo} HAAI7b a ot HAA Bal LAP] Alolol tS 21, lel #4) S AB] BOM} actives WWII $410] ZA ap] VS Zl, #312] Bee] WS A, Maa ds, straight et con- vert 824 profiles 71 a, fale Bal G2eiz A 1T fal The Bae] VS A, Fait AA Bol SA PSS A aay, PAHS] Vole] Eas] BS A Selch. 2 are ‘Sabeh eta alae ehe a als} yAHistel) 2}4]z1 PANEX- EC X-ray machine(J. Morita Co.)$ e184 80KVp, 10mAZ 2.52% cedla 1SSaey7 Bolle Cassettes} 8x10 Fuji Xray film& 88} desisteh 294 Saab PRIA eAle Aen Sawa Ab wold at, aS Abela FAL oF BAIS Fah Alaier. 29H filme Fuji Xray Processor RE-3 AHEWIS aeBaiel 14 doth Wa Babsigha Bald FAVA Aa & DAWA Te DA MAIS ol goto} WE Bat Al film illuminator #414} tracing paperol PYAR as Bo) 71ENdE WEF ial 8 Aes ASD A ASA) 9) Qt BEATS POAT test Feel PA mE od Bae asi, AEE AUR ASIST Bs} Ve.Fig. 1. Lancimarks used inthis study 7. APA Fig. Ba(basion) - #78 ade] $doe EBAY Bae Abs Fup S(sella) - Heals] $4, YoAIY 49] ZV ANS(anterior nasal spine) - AW 4d alse] Point A - 214153} Prosthion AFe12] 29391 31441 Point B- 8% A214 BE BELA infradentales} PogonionA}o19) 31418 Pogpogonion) - at9Pa eto] 4}aNo) aloha ASRS] PE Bee Fel AV do} dos Veda ag aay Me(menton) - 82h Bests) aepoat Go(gonion) - s}2}4] ada} aishyws| sealed Shel Hae a Artarticulare) ~ 82} E712] AA FEB a Sao] aR PNS(posterior nasal spine) - &13°715}9] ys} wis) BAWoS Be}9) aE Ptm(pterygomaxillary fissure) - 24-92 ERS VS] WH PI Fa, Wuaze Bt adsl Pye we at Palo] sv] Sele] GEMS ES A Po(porion) - Slo]s9] 44a Orlorbitale) - Istse) HapVIO As Ye] Seg Gn(gnathion) - s2hd BERT aleyya N(nasion) - BEV AFF BA] AVY N’ (soft tissue nasion) - olo}ot4] 5 o]s]t= BAA 9] aaa Pa(pronasale) ~ 5t8] 312Nh2t Pog (soft tissue pogonion) - ©] 824] S192] 2h} Hae a uaa aay Saddle angle(N-S-Ar) Articular angle(S-Ar-Go) Gonial angle(Ar-Go-Me) ‘Sum(Saddle angle +Articular angle+Gonial angle) Anterior cranial base length (anim) m1 ce-xobAIn}EMIA] 32(1) 2005 Posterior cranial base length (mm) Upper gonial angle(Ar-Go-N) Lower gonial angle(N-Go-Me) Ramus height(Ar-Go) (mm) ‘Mandibular body length(Go-Me) (mm) Mandibular body length to anterior cranial base length SNA SNB ANB difference Facial angle(Down) Facial covexity(NA~APog) A-B Plane Angle(AB-NPos) Y Axis to PH plane angle : Y axis} Franktort horizontale] ole Ah FMA(FH-GoMe) ODI(Overbite depth indicator) : 8SPBRT A-B planes] olf Fol} FH BUSH palatal Bete] ols 4} Ab ole HEE APDI(Anteroposterior Dysplasia Indicator): Facial angle 141 facial plane*} A-B plane 18] 215} FH B13 palatal 8 919) 2h 7a at Facial depth(N-Go) (mm) Facial length on Y Axis (mm) : SA] Gn7¥2}} 221 Posterior facial height(S-Go) (mm) Anterior facial height(N-Me) (min) Posterior facial height to Anterior facial height (%) SN to mandibular plane angle Wits appraisal(AO-BO*}612) Aa) (mm) A, BHM st wee FAS Hela the BE AO, Boe Bag aaa Occlusal plane to mandibular plane angle FMIA(FH-mandibular incisor angle) IMPA(GoMe-mandibular incisor angle) UA to SN UA to A-Pog (mm) LA to A-Pog (nm) UA w FP(N-Po) [mm] LA to FP(N-Po) (mm) Dental convexity(UA-LA) UA to NA(Angular} UA to NA(Linear) (ram) LA to NB(Angular) LA to NB(Linear) (mm) Pog to NB (mm) Holdaway Ratio~ NB planesl O18! 8i2} 21419} Pog #21 742] ueJ Korean Acad Pediatr Dent 32(1) 2005 a. a4 ASA Upper Lip to esthetic line (mum) ~ 425]A1014] Axe2}9] 72] Lower Lip to esthetic ine (mm) - ulaol 8He349} 72} (UA, LAS #241 BAI) 12 3 3d Pld] PARTS 7H obs dod] HE AFAR A ASB) Az) F 2S aSeho] Baste} HEUTE FOLD ttest esd GUA HI AAS AU) dake cst deh ‘Table 1. Mean and standard deviation of 4 & 5 years of age group(n=46) ____ Mesurement Mean SDL Saddle Angle 128.0 45 Articular Angle 145.7 61 Gonial Angle 129.4 52 Sum 398.2 43 ‘Ant, Cranial Base Length 63.2 26 Post. Cranial Base Length 26 31 Upper Gonial Angle 529 36 Lower Gonial Angle 166 36 Ramus Height 38.2 28 Mn, Body length 58.0 43 Mn, Body to Ant. Cr. Base Ratio 09 on SNA 813 28 SNB 66 29 ANB difference 47 19 Facial Angle (Downs) 38 25 Facial Convexity 102, 42 A-B Plane angle “56 2a Y axis to FH plane 619 25 FMA 305 41 Dl 07 55 APDI m1 39 Facial Depth 986 48 Facial Length on Y axis 109.2 56 Post, Facial Height, 629 41 Ant. Facial Height, 102.0 47 Post, to Ant, Facial Height. (%) 617 35 SN to Go-Me 38.1 43 Wits appraisal “17 28 Occlusal Plane to Go-Me 16.1 36 FMIA 653 60 IMPA 842 61 UA to SN 98 56 UA to A-Pog 40 13 LA to A-Pog 17 16 UA to FP 64 20 Lato FP 43 20 Dental Convexity (UA-LA) 146.9 82 A to NA (angular) 97 48 UA.to NA (linear) 02 15 LA to NB (angular) 188 48 LA to NB linear) 36 15 og to NB 1 1.0 LA to Pog (Holdaway ratio) 39 27 Upper Lip to Esthetie line 26 14 ower Lip to Bsthetic line 25 20 uz1. BABS 7A Al OFF 469 (Ht 258, of} 219) 4 A ARAS BE, HEMAS Hh 2 VSe] Aaa] = HUA saddle angle 123.0", articular angle 145.7", gonial angle 129.4" A) 249) He 398.2 Rm ar isk.0Fs12}8}815] 32(1) 2005 SNA, SNBE 47 81.3", 76.69.25} ANB differenco® @2>| anterior cranial base length) a mandibular body length®| ¥}-#-2 0.9:1¢]3i3t, anterior facial hetghtl d}@ posterior facial height®] Wt-& ‘Table2. Mean and standard deviation & significance of each sex group Male(n=25) “Measurement aan aa Saddle Angle 123.0 4d Articular Angle 146.0 56 Gonial Angle 1298 55 Sum 398.7 Ad ‘Ant, Cranial Base Length 64.1 26 Post, Cranial Base Length 28.1 30 Upper Gonial Angle 529 37 Lower Gonial Angle 769 39 Ramus Height 35 27 Mn, Body length, 58.7 43 ‘Mn. Body to Ant. Cr. Base Ratio 09 01 SNA 81.0 20 SNB 76.2 28 ANB difference 47 22 Facial Angle (Downs) 53.9 28 Facial Convexity 10.4 4a A-B Plane angle 31 29 Y axis to FH plane ag 26 FMA 306 44 303 opr 702 59 nz APDI 712 48 782 Facial Depth 100.1 48 96.9 Facial Length on Y axis 1109 BT 1073 Post, Facial Height 637 39 620 Ant, Facial Height 108.9 47 100.0 Post. to Ant. Facial Height (%) 614 29 620 SN to Go-Me 38.7 41 B15 Wits appraisal 07 29 29 Occlusal Plane to Go-Me 176 BT 44 FMA 645 66 66.3 IMPA 849 60 834 UA to SN 908 67 90.8 UA to A-Pog 43 12 LA to A-Pog, 2.0 16 UA to EP 68 16 LA to FP 46 16 4.0 Dental Convexity (UA-LA) 156 89 148.2 UA to NA (angular) 10.1 61 UA to NA (linear) o4 18 LA to NB (angular) 199 46 176 LA to NB (linear) 16 Pog to NB 08 LA to Pog (Holdaway ratio) 25 Upper Lip to Esthetic line 15 Lower Lip to sthetic line 17. 113 + (0.05, * PCO.01J Korean Acad Pediatr Dent 32(1) 2005 61.7%9181C. Facial depth 98,6mm, facial lengtht= 109,2mm, facial convexity 10.2, dental convexity? 146.925} elo) Wate] ASS 2.6mm, Hee 2.5mm 49914) a1 $184 (Table 1), AGG Galo} Qo] Le Yast EWS Fao, VHLE Bowe saddle angle& +} 123.0", ola 123.0°, articular angle®: "34 146.0", 447} 145.5", go~ nia] angle® U7} 129.8", oj} 129,02 AI 29) Ge 7b 398.7", 912} 397.692 SNA WH 81.0", 2} 81.6", SNBE Wt 76.2, 144-77,0° 8.20) ANB differ encet= WA 4.7’, ol} 4.6°Rc}. Anterior cranial base lengthel i mandibular body lengths} W&2 yy ¥ 0.9:191931, anterior facial heightoll #8 posterior facial height®] Y-# Y4 61.4%, ola} 62.0% Yet AC}. Facial convexityt= YW 10.4", 12} 10.1", dental convexity: Yat 145.6, 2} 148.2 st ele what of} dee od} 2.7mm, 7} 2.5mm, Fee yh 2.7mm, 2} 2.3mm aes] B31 WSCh. Facial depth © WH 100.1mm, 12} 96.9mm, facial lengths Yt 110.9mm, 912} 107.3mmz POO.05 #44} 518 YEAS, anterior cranial base lengtht= 2} 64.1mm, 14} 62.1mm, anterior facial height 37} 103.9mm, ol} 100mm, Wits appraisal® 2} -0.7mm, 4} - 2.9mm, occlusal plane to Go-Me plane angle® 37} 17.6), A 14.42 POOL FE% 918% GEbRCH (Table 2) NV. sana SHAMS WA PAS WAS ley sale a RH: HLS Aols} AEE ol Bao} AS F ASTE AG] MEA, 12a] He olalo} ASx]9} w]amefo} hey 2) AAS Ayia HAMS] Sas Bee ale, a) BARS Fst AE Woh a7} Ie awe Med, F UA AAA BEANE Uo] ge a7], Sh Go] aR Sede 349 Gals soe a aes gee UDA) AS 7He th ao] AZ Bhs} HB (abnor: malty) 29h] 2 SSS Ech Hey] Haga zs} Bee EAS} SaalaS oleso} Ago] ahead wf MP) FRA BAS MAEM Moyers] lee 19) F7H SONY SAS Lal Yas palates =), 919, 9 A SABA BALM] Hehe) HAI AS AOL V9} WARS AB) FBR AL, SES RMF she Basket, Lop | aes) Bolo bes] AA WS Be FE PEL ASAS| HIRES] Aa} BH] Bho] Seep 2, HAMS ZAMS) ARES AV PE SRY] aa, WE VES be Ad Beaolue Avid) AG we at 4 A 71ST a DBAS HER HAND? O19] FEAL AAS LEE dopusict SNA, SNB @@ ¥ @7ol41 81.3", 76.6.2 Vann} 829, 8.1", BS) 81.5, 16.7 Mss Mat HS) TPS) ABA 81.5, 784°, E*9) Als} 82.1", 79.8 Sh weak Facial angle e}¢}#9] FW2) 1318 aye aloe Aer an soba] Se, Bert aoe asta) F5lg 9} *IGEE, Ricketts!" Nasions} al7t wvalaael Ay ash 7} AAU Bel anomaly} EAE facial angle& A aheel F2lelolot Gets eset. Ricketts! facial angle © BUoHt 14 S7IS ASLO}, Englost Spolter= avelade oh 0.4 S7Hde2 Asta Lande 7A olF shotge] aoe dgdcia salch. # lzate wy A 83.9", Hr} 83.8 YEbAo} 29] Wah 84.9", oz} 84.09 MSD Bs Oe LOMO 87.1, a 10M 87.5 eat Busta 2 EYL TA, 9a, 11, 2 85.0. 85.5°, 86.3 = Yolol mie} Brie aighon} Los und Ba Vale Wewe ala Sa wo a aisteh Facial convexity 7154). laid) Bole] SA sl} 7101 point A facial plancteet EY Za) (—)PHE, concave profile HERES point AVF facial plane Bo} aN ol BAA] (424%, convex profile YENI}, & Foal wake 104°, ole 10.1' 8 a] Se 94, 11a) 27} 7,76, Ba RS LOA dt 6, ob} 6.8, 124 A 63°, 1 5.9 BC, Park B'S BY LFA BHA) fae cial convexity7t Caucasian ¥o} 2r}s1 B28}, Taylor 5} Hitchoock 2 8% ajo] Hohe EA EOE Z S Alshol alo} ABA} weha + aleha abate AB plane angle® denture base®} 242 GAS] dal wl facial planoss] BAS Uehieed It BAD BF (HAS, Ist BAPRY BF (welch. 2 eat WA-5.7 ola}-5.5°2 3] $9} Of 5.1", 1-59", 3 #7191 104 WAE-5.9", AAb-6.0", 124) Hd -5.T, AE-G.1' 9} UI DHE wate Wits’ apprisal® 2elehe za] with hy S2 BES EAD A22 BOM ABA ALA (—)E Bol RATS. 4 ale] qmBAA|e BOE AOA Imm zo! $1 AaheMh # UFOS WA 0.7mm, 128 2.9mm Bast, 44h A 0.0mm, 4} -2.7mmaz oat o} # (—)RES Pate (P6001). AE PAA ols] AEA) saddle angle® Wt 123.07 12) 123.0", wBANBo fed Web 7Hee articular angle 2 46.0), ol} 145.5), BAS FA SA IES 2} TRS] Bekah POPS 2121 gonial angle® Yb 7¥ 129.8", 017} 129.0 SAFO] AES Ue aAS] WE WA 398.7, ol} 397.E teh a9] AAAS saddle angle& 3} 122.5, ola} 123.0", articular angle © WAP 147.0", 474 148.2", gonial angle 7} 126.77 lat 126.3", AM 2S) Ge wb 396.1", 296.6 2 B Aas} wise AALS welch Y-axis angle? si}B9| Wabyest 29] BAS Gp EASE Be E oltste sss] apy aalss gah = ABA SY] Downs) 71BAE 59.5014. B AFG 61.9 S Yeti A SS] TAO LIA FM 62.2" Hat #9) APoIe LOM da 60.7, ola} 61.1°, 124) WA 61S, 174 60.9, 4 E9) BA Wake 61.7, lake 61.0 2 B5}0} Caucasians] 59.4" BO} 2 BES BSICh Ricketts") ep Ae} Nasion} SSE GER a Woe AAoHEM| Sella-Nasion®| Imm S7#8}9144 Sella- Basion 2/3mm 7142. center of cranium(CC:Ba-N3 facial axis®] 32)-Nasion, CC-Basion’ »¥¥ Imm! 27} ‘dein F129} CONG antorior cranial length#. ashe. B A714 anterior cranial base length 4 641mm, 14} 62. 1mm We} a Gebskn(PO.01), mandibu- Jar body lengths 42914] 58.0mm, $4 58.7mm, a} 57.2mm#% anterior cranial base lengthal W@ mandibular body length®} “1&2 09:18 BHRF Eeleh Bar Ol A(1978)4] O91 LS Be. EM, Fe, wh HA TAL] AAAL 1.113 Hate EH HIGI7 ool an terior cranial base length®} 42%} mandibular body length¢| aah2 Jo] shell last log welch Anterior facial heightt= ‘221 103.9mm, 12+ 100,0mm & Yat 2A] YE}E(PCO.01), posterior facial height E ramus} #34 Yas vee os BAPE 7} 63.7mm, 7} 62.0mme #9)2H= BOY PPE Ce AVS Bele leo] S| Yb 65.3mm, 4 62.9mml4]2} AP Axe] D Ricketts) ##A) 54.8mmBtH> ZC}. Anterior facial heightell “18 posteri~ or facial height®) @E-8& 84 HBA] 61.7% Jarabak AF AN} sel 62-65%H HE AS Hat, SN-GoMe plane anglet mandibular plane®) 2A} ehh} 0} zo] ael E214, aoe Faas oye eol 2 ATE 38.1 Z, We} 36.1°9} vA Steiner” 9} 89 MSP) 32.0" ache aio Facial depth chins] #949 S41 Bhs Heow 2 MTAE YF 100.1mm, 4} 96,9mmz yPy aah SE BH(PKO,05), 1 WS] 37} 103.1mm, 4} 101.1 mins} ¥)38c} Facial length # 414 2b 110.9mm, 2 107.3mm#. At SeCMPO.OD, 2] Yt 110.8mm, 1A} 109.7mms} Wee FA}. Occlusal plane to mandibular plane angle®: ® @-to¥4} 115 cagi-tobs|ntetaix] 32(1) 2005, SA 17.6. Ab 14.42 aAPt A APKO.OL) BS] A 15.0, oh 14.973} 448) als wale ‘Tweed FMA, FMIA, IMPA7} 84 abe 324922 A ABsieM 5] OL yaLe Az} 25", 65", ola el WAS] Salat 24.9, 686", 86.6% 1D} oleh eletelo} BH WAR 28, 5, 98", ob 27, 69, OF ele Fah Ale 30.5", 65,3", 84.2'= Vann] 29.2°, 65.9", 85.2° 5} #A}stc}, IMPAA ol AIS Ae Ss} 94.0", 9 9) 96.6. 8 S*'9] 96.3 Bet aatep. UA to SN plane anglet: # @¥e4 90.82 2s) 89.55 Hla 4 SM) Jel ASA] 107.8 BO Aske i, IMPASt UA to SN plane angles] #314 ae ol Biz a9} gaat Braise val co) dew xb] ol ah aziateh Jarabak #44) = 71241 facial plane®| 3. Ul to FP Ale Smmel, Li to FP -AR= Ammebas Vel seH| Rickotts™t Ul to FPe] 8, abehBo] 44, ala, 1844 web Abo|7t at MICH OTA BEA] ole Bulmm sheet abate}. B APAAE BS} 6 Amm, seh 4.3mme} st 43 F'2] 1749] ASA] BS} 10mm, ste} 5.5mm, 9 9] Aas] ASAE 2 8.9mm, a} 5.Gmme SIVAN aay} SEO} LES + sake Dental convexity U12} Libs] 7h la]2] BS BSH YeMed) E WH 146.92 Vann“) 148.4" Broadbent"'2] 152.2°, #"°2} 147.2 3} w]asted 2 a}o]7} ala G5} 99) 17H SANA) 123.8, ATE ASA Es) 127.6, BMS) 124.1 BA A AOE Woh Fala Is AAA vial Ol P24) AE THIS @ F Gest, Downs" 4 21% Caucasian’) 135°, Holdaway"2} 130° 3} ¥izeto} 4 of Yo] PELE: Caucasian BO SAAN! ZE7t ao} ai) eesdda vad was We. Opie 484g Ba) AS ARR ast ARES He le WAT ds ASE eae} 70.7mmt: 4 SO} 818 Yale] ASA) 72.8mm Be} 3 ste. UA to FP, LA to FP& 42} 6.4mm, 4.3mm2 2”'2| 5.7mm, 3.6mms} We PAL VERE Ricketts™ Aol} 7182s] AE Wisk Wes APogtS 71825 Bao] SS BSH Sgabshied | wie dads} dl Asa web eet Adah slat B SUSE se} Wale Aesle HE welws aete ais) a) atelts 7h REelLa aletx alah V1 1.022.5mm 718 KAZ Waheed ARs Al Jad He A-Pog el he} Bal7} edad > slehs ahah oh. ae} Saale A-Pogmalsl Azle Wh ee 3.4mm, 4 6° 941 22} 4.0mm, 47+ 3,9mmz 22s sed & APIS 17mm Hebel. 2st Saal,J Korean Acad Pediatr Dent 32(1) 2005 APog 7412] Azle & UF 4.0mmols} 3} Hs] A oA 94leI4] 6.6mm, 1141014 7.9mmz o]% Caucasian 9} 27mm Be RE BSAC. Holdaway Ratiot L1 to NBS} 719} Pog to NB els} ¥LHEA| Holdaway"ol 13h HAE 1:19] of 2}o]z} Taey SA qs BweAle 4:1, 4.2:10)332 BaF #9] APAANE 43:1, B AFAME 3.9:101810. ol a 9} MALES) EF AAS AED pogonione] HY) Ala of 80 Bae} ed, Ricketts" le} Yee Aldo ehelel sede! 2- Smm, RISE 1-2mm Pel Hale AS WAS yp Braga Bee Jet AAls| Mls] VHS Vor see Ase W4) LE9] AVS Meus dag. 2 ate a € 26mm ae 25mmsz he ge} Fe 2mm, TE 2.3mms weal, 4 S"2] Aes] AAA ee - O.7mm, se 0.5mm Tee}o} # all gee Bs} eo] 4) aes Aekto] Goes da Fea alee Aged. Ricketts" see] Wel obs wale Sal2 -1.3mmo}9} oI} O.2mme Bees Bala, Park BS 18h] Ue 3.9mm, AL LTmme]epw seen}, ga Le 2.9mmz Baer USelo} wala} vel eo] Ses ee es slo, 18 STAs HAG bee] Bae Ast eS fed Heute axel Aobvt SF he HP WH Aa RGAE WIT | Ree as We a $, USes] Aoyyh sche AS B+ ake seh asa AVIS aes Aah UL slo} Bagas) HAS nesta ras) dela] WE GIRS aeleiyy aha }S9] 48 Hel Glial G77} Baw dow ap aed. Va & AASe THA HAD fs) Bazil Asp astey fae EG] lu 27Alae Boba Aa} a FL SHA S82] HBAS QW] sale AE AHO 7 FORE HO OE EH BAL Sopalztol Ue FAlw) bees Aalasto] gist he} eae ACAY Ae a} obF4]So] a BY Y Bal ALES] Bao] Me BARS 7ea AMA SALMA] OE AOA 25%, ola} 2184) aioe Pe aa ae at Sao By del chest de BES Aeich, 1. B24 ASS] AS ASAE ehaatolal Hole 3 V7} Slat 2o) AZAR Wah lapse aslo 2 ala wad, 2. SNAG 813°, SNBE 76.6", ANB difference 4.7. yep 6 3, Anterior cranial base lengtho 41% Mandibular body lengths} ¥18% WU 0.9:1219H Anterior facial heightol_d|@ Posterior facial height®] 4#&2 ‘d7t 61.4%, 1A} 62.0%% YEbAT. 4, V9 ASSIS IMPAL 84.2, UA to SNE 90.8" Beste 5, Rickettss} Jada wee) AES 26mm, IEE 25mm BYLz A} MV. aqzea 1, Pacini AJ : Roentgen ray anthropometry or the skull, J Radiol, 42:230, 322, 418, 1922. 2, Broadbent BH : A new X-ray technique and its ap- plication to orthodontics. Angle Orthod, 1 45, 1931 3, Brodie AG, Downs W, Goldstein A : Cephalometric appraisal of orthodontic results: A preliminary re~ port. Angle Orthod, 8:261-351. 1938 4, Downs WB * Variation facial relationships: Their significance in treatment and diagnosis. Am J Orthod, 34:812-840, 1948, 5, Bjork A: The nature of facial prognathism and its relation to normal occlusion of the teeth. Am J Orthod, 37:10-124, 1951 6. Steiner CC : Cephalometries for you and me. Am J Orthod, 39: 729-755, 1953. 7. Steiner CC * Cephalometries in clinical practice, Angle Orthod, 29:8-29, 1954. 8, Tweed CH : Was the development of the diagnostic facial triangle as an accurate analysis based on fact or fancy? Am J Orthod, 41:735-764, 1955, 9. Holdaway RA : Changes in relationship of Point A and B during orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod, 42:176-193, 1956. 10. Sassouni V : A roentgenographic cephalometric. analysis of cophalo-facio-dental relationship. Am J Orthod, 41:735-764, 1955, 11, Sassouni V, Nanda SR = Analysis of dentofacial ver~ tical proportions. Am J Orthod, 50:801-823, 1964 12, Ricketts RM : Cephalometric analysis and synthesis Angle Orthod, 31:141-156, 1961 13. Ricketts RM : Perspectives in the clinical application of cophalometries, the first fity years. Angle Orthod, 51:115-150, 1981. 14, Jarabak JR : Technique and treatment with light- ‘wire edgewise appliance. Mosby Co. 128-166, 1972 15, MacNamara JA : A method of cephalometric evala~16. 1. 18. 19, 21 22, 23. tion, Am J Orthod, 86:449-469, 1984. Chan GK : A cephalometric appraisal of the Chinese. Am J Orthod, 61:279-285, 1975, Wei SH : Craniofacial variation, sex differences and the nature of prognathism in Chinese subjects, Angle Orthod, 39:303-315, 1969. Garcia CJ + Cephalometric evaluation of Mexican Americans using the Downs and Steiner Analysis, Am J Orthod, 68:67-74, 1975. Alexander TL,, Hitchcock HP : Cophalometrie stan- dards for American Nogro children. Am J Orthod, 74:298-304, 1978. Engle G, Spolter BM : Cephalometric and visual norms for a Japanese population. Am J Orthod, 80: 48-60, 1981. Davoody PR. Sassouni V ! Dentofacial pattern dif ferences between Iranians and American Caucasians. Am J Orthod, 73:667-675, 1978. Hajighadimi M, Dougherty HL, Garakani F Cephalometric evaluation of Iranian children and its ‘comparison with Tweed’ s and Steiner's standards. ‘Am J Orthod, 79:192-197, 1981, ubdg: : Gel bse] etek Agel wel RT JRL EA oleh rede AF. eelsaraeela 14:217-31, 1984. SFU, EBA : Ricketts HAA IY B27] BAwY Aol Hee SHAMS AF, easharg es 15:313-324, 1985, 25. WU, HOT | BAU) BATE UE MBAR Mat) Ap, cesses a s]2), 12:177-189, 1982, 26. ABE: SteinerA YAM a AF) Roentg- 29, 30. 31 cenographic cephalometry®| 7124I4] #ého}, Bs] 2, 6:515-527, 1967, Se, AAD, VE > Bea SUaa7) oes] FE WR AS eb] GE, chgibob|=4e}5]), 20:601-413, 1993, aa: dee Anise agg ae Fe AH Aa as, east eal, 47-12, 1974, Fab = An analysis of dentofacial complex in Korean, 130 ¢}3}4), 1-21-27, 1970, HAZ © MeNamara BAYS} 1G GH WB oF A Batts ewer alge at, aetop| sets Al, 20:640-647, 1998. ASU SE, GAA: Ae Obes] Che Be PRVHIS 27, debalahng eal), 6:79-82,1976 17 33. 39, 40, AL 42, 43, 47. 48, 49, ‘etotats}e}s1x] 32(1) 2005 OVE, BU, GAA + Rickotist Wel 1 LHe 71 VBS) FOAL ASA Bol EA, ea] or) 88)21, 26:248-260, 1999, Higley LB : Cephalometric standards for children from four to eight years of age. Am J Orthod, 40: 51-59, 1954. Bugg JL. A cephalometric study for preschool chil- dren, J Dent Child, 40:103-104, 1973, ‘Vann WR : A cephalometric analysis for the child in the primary dentition. J Dent Child, 45-52. 1978 BSE! BA HIG 1S HHH ae FAA SE, Matcher eI, 448, 1978 Moyers RE : Handbook of orthodontics. 3rd ed. Year Book Medical Publishers Inc, Chicago, 1973. Wd NUR, AS: aa SEMIS, 1g 4, 1999, Lande MJ : Growth behavior of human body facial profile as revealed by serial cephalometric roctgnog- raphy. Anige Orthod, 22:78-90, 1952. BW WB, GE | BBE Downs BA 1G SARL ASL AP, GaLobs Taha] 29:295-302, 2002. Park IC, Bowman D, Klapper L : A Cephalometric study of Korean adults, Angle Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 96:54-59, 1989, ‘Taylor W, Hiteheock H : The Alabama analysis. Am 1 Orthod, 52:245-265, 1966. Ricketts RM : Orthodontic diagnosis and planning, Orthodonties, 1°127-136, 1982. @i8ab : alob PE gat PN ASE # elalshwa isla], 5:57-63, 1975. ‘Tweed CH © The diagnostic facial triangle in the control of treatment objectives. 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BAW, AE, BLA: MaNamara WAL Te FE BAAS Bal, ease, 19:107-121, 1969,J Korean Acad Pediatr Dent 32(1) 2005 Abstract CEPHALOMETRIC ANALYSIS FOR CHILDREN WITH NORMAL OCCLUSION IN THE PRIMARY DENTITION ‘Mon-Sun Suh, Heung- Kyu Son, Hyung-Sun Baik*, Hyung-Jun Choi Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center and Department of Orthodontic Demisory*, allege of Dentistry, Yonsei University In the field of pediatric dentistry, comparison and analysis of cephalogram values of children are important for evalu- ation of growth and development, and are essential to evaluate the craniofacial form and growth pattern for early diag~ nosis of malocclusion. For this, cephalographic norm values are important, but. not many studies on the primary denti- tion exist, To compare the past norm values of normal occlusion in the primary dentition with current norms, preschool children, 4 to 5 years of age, with normal occlusion in the primary dentition who visited our hospital were examined. Among these children, 46 children with normal facial form and developmental status were chosen for evaluation of cephalogram values. ‘The following results were as follows: 1. For skeletal values, the angular values showed no significant ear values were generally greater in males than females, 2. SNA was 81.3", SNB was 76,6" and ANB difference was 4.7", 3. The ratio for Mandibular body length to Anterior cranial base length was 0.9 : 1 for both male and female and the ratio for posterior facial height to anterior facial height was 61.4 % for male, 62.0 % for fernale 4. For dental values, IMPA was 84.2", and UA to SN was 90.8" 5. The upper lip to Ricketts esthetic line was positioned 2,6 mm anteriorly , and the lower lip to Ricketts esthetic line was positioned 2.5 mm anteriorly, Key words : Cephalographic measurements, Primary dentition, Normal occlusion 18