Upcoming: Advisor Webcast: Oracle Database Resource Manager

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Oracle Advisor Webcast
Oracle Database Resource Manager
Neelima Pitta
Senior Software Engineer
April 30, 2015

Safe Harbor Statement
The following is intended to outline our general product direction. It is intended for
information purposes only, and may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a
commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality, and should not be relied upon
in making purchasing decisions. The development, release, and timing of any features or
functionality described for Oracles products remains at the sole discretion of Oracle.

Oracle Advisor Webcast
Oracle Database Resource Manager
Neelima Pitta
Senior Software Engineer
April 30, 2015

Objectives
Understanding Resource Manager
Creating Resource Plans
Using RM plans to limit resources
Predefined RM plans
Waits due to Resource Manager

Agenda
1 Benefits
2 Elements
3 Simple and Complex plan
4 Examples to limit resources
5 Predefined Plans
6 Resmgr:cpu quantum wait
7 Monitoring
8 Usage in 12c
9 Instance caging and interaction with OS Resource Manager

What is Resource Manager
A resource management mechanism that controls how system resources

(such as CPU) are allocated in the database.
Benefits:
Distribute CPU as per priority.
Limit degree of parallelism, active sessions, undo usage.
Manage multiple workload environment.
Control idle/inactive sessions.
Handle runaway queries.

Elements of Resource Manager
Resource Consumer Group
A group of sessions that have similar resource requirements.
Resource Plan
A collection of rules or directives that specifies how resources are allocated to
consumer groups.
Resource Plan directive

Maps resource manager plan to consumer group and specifies how resources are
distributed.
Copyright 2015 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |

Elements of Resource Manager Contd..
Resource Consumer Group

A collection of sessions (and not users) that are grouped together based on business
requirements.
Predefined Consumer Groups examples:
SYS_GROUP : Sessions created by SYS or SYSTEM user.
OTHER_GROUPS : Contains all sessions that have not been assigned to any consumer group. Must
exist for any RM plan.
Created using DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.CREATE_CONSUMER_GROUP.
Mapped using SET_CONSUMER_GROUP_MAPPING.

Consumer groups are mapped to sessions based on below attributes:
Oracle_user
Service_name
Client_os_user
Client_program
Client_machine
Client_id
Module_name
Module_name_action
Service_module
Service_module_action
Oracle_function (dataload, backup, and copy)

Resource Plan
By default, database has no resource manager plan.
Enabled by setting RESOURCE_MANAGER_PLAN parameter.
Only one plan can be active per instance at a time. RAC databases can have different RM
plan active on each instance.
Resource plans impose only soft limits, limits can exceed if resources are available. Hard
limits can be imposed by setting max_utilization_limit.
CPU distribution happens only when database CPU utilization reaches 100% .
Subplans i.e plan within plans can be created for more granular management.
Resource manager plans can be associated with scheduler windows or jobs.

Resource Plan directive
Used to specify how resources are allocated to consumer groups. Each directive can
specify multiple methods for allocating resources.
Allocation methods (directives) available:
CPU
Degree of Parallelism Limit
Parallel Target Percentage
Parallel Queue Timeout
Active Session Pool with Queuing
Undo Pool
Idle Time Limit
Automatic Consumer Group Switching
Canceling SQL and Terminating Sessions

Creating Resource Manager Plan
Grant privileges to administer Oracle Resource Manager
(DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER_PRIVS.GRANT_SYSTEM_PRIVILEGE)
Create a Simple or a Complex Resource Plan
Map Consumer Groups for sessions
(DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.SET_CONSUMER_GROUP_MAPPING )
Grant switch privilege for resource consumer groups
(DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER_PRIVS.GRANT_SWITCH_CONSUMER_GROUP)
Enable the Resource Plan ( RESOURCE_MANAGER_PLAN)

Simple Resource Plan
Can be created using CREATE_SIMPLE_PLAN procedure.
Only CPU allocation supported.
Up to eight consumer groups can be specified.
Example:
SQL> BEGIN
DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.CREATE_SIMPLE_PLAN(SIMPLE_PLAN =>
'EXAMPLE_SIMPLE_PLAN',
CONSUMER_GROUP1 => 'HIGH_PRIORITY',GROUP1_PERCENT => 70,
CONSUMER_GROUP2 => 'LOW_PRIORITY',GROUP2_PERCENT => 30);
END;
/

Complex Resource Plan
Create Resource Plan
Create DB users
Directives
Map Sessions to
Administer RM privilege
Consumer Groups
Create Pending Area Validate Pending Area
Create Resource
Submit Pending Area
Consumer Groups
Grant switch privileges

Create Resource Plan
to Consumer Groups

Demonstration

Understanding Resource Allocation
Consumer Group Level1 CPU Level2 CPU Level3 CPU Maximum Utilization Limit
HIGH_PRIORITY 80% - -
MEDIUM_PRIORITY 20% - - 40%
LOW_PRIORITY - 80% -
OTHER_GROUPS - - 100%

Understanding Resource Allocation Contd
PRIORITY_BASED_PLAN
HIGH_PRIORITY MEDIUM_PRIORITY LOW_PRIORITY

60% CPU 30% CPU 10% CPU
IMP_USERS SMALL_USERS
80% CPU 20% CPU

Examples to limit resources using RM
CPU allocation in single level plan
Plan Description Directives
H_user: MGMT_P1 => 60
Testing CPU allocation
Single_level_cpu_plan M_user: MGMT_P1 => 30
for Single Level Plan.
L_user: MGMT_P1 => 10
Execution Time Limit

Switch consumer group for SWITCH_TIME => 120
Switch_time_plan M_USER to L_USER if M_USER SWITCH_GROUP => L_USER
runs for > 120 CPU seconds.

Maximum Idle Time for sessions
Testing connection time
Idle_time_plan out for sessions based MAX_IDLE_IME => 180
on idle time.

Demonstration

Predefined Resource manager plans
DEFAULT_MAINTENANCE_PLAN
Automatically enabled when MAINTENANCE_WINDOW_GROUP opens.
Automated maintenance tasks are executed : Automatic Optimizer Statistics
Collection, Automatic Segment Advisor, Automatic SQL Tuning Advisor
Resource Allocation:
Consumer Group/subplan Level 1 Level 2 Maximum Utilization Limit
ORA$AUTOTASK_SUB_PLAN - 25% 90
ORA$DIAGNOSTICS - 5% 90
OTHER_GROUPS 75% 70%
SYS_GROUP -

Resmgr:cpu quantum waits
Resource manager runs one process per CPU at a time.
Lower priority processes wait on an internal queue with wait event
resmgr:cpu quantum.
Expected wait when CPU maxed out.
To reduce the wait:
Tune resource plan and allocations.
Or add more CPUs.
Or this could be a bug (Doc ID 1339803.1) .
When database has no resource manager running, waits are possible
during maintenance windows due to DEFAULT_MAINTENANCE_PLAN.

Monitoring
V$RSRC_PLAN
Displays currently active resource plan and its subplans.
V$RSRC_SESSION_INFO
Monitor sessions
V$RSRCMGRMETRIC
Provides real time metrics to track sessions in terms of CPU utilization etc.

V$RSRC_PLAN
V$RSRC_CONSUMER_GROUP
V$RSRC_SESSION_INFO
V$RSRC_PLAN_HISTORY
V$RSRC_CONS_GROUP_HISTORY
V$RSRCMGRMETRIC
V$RSRCMGRMETRIC_HISTORY
DBA_RSRC_PLANS
DBA_RSRC_CONSUMER_GROUPS
DBA_RSRC_CATEGORIES
DBA_RSRC_PLAN_DIRECTIVES
DBA_RSRC_CONSUMER_GROUP_PRIVS
DBA_RSRC_MANAGER_SYSTEM_PRIVS
DBA_RSRC_GROUP_MAPPINGS
DBA_RSRC_MAPPING_PRIORITY
DBA_RSRC_STORAGE_POOL_MAPPING
DBA_RSRC_CAPABILITY
DBA_RSRC_INSTANCE_CAPABILITY
DBA_RSRC_IO_CALIBRATE
DBA_HIST_RSRC_CONSUMER_GROUP
DBA_HIST_RSRC_PLAN

Resource Manager in 12c
CDB level - Resource Manager limits resource utilization of specific PDBs.
Resources controlled are: CPU and Parallel execution servers.
Shares, utilization_limit, parallel_server_limit of procedure
CREATE_CDB_PLAN_DIRECTIVE are used to limit resource allocation to
PDBs.
PDB level - Resource Manager manages workloads within each PDB.
Created using CREATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE.
A PDB resource plan cannot have subplans.
A PDB resource plan can have a maximum of eight consumer groups.
Resource Manager in 12c Contd
CDB Resource Plan in root
Directive Directive Directive

Share = 3 Share = 2 Share = 1
utilization_limit = 100 utilization_limit = 100 utilization_limit = 80
parallel_server_limit = 100 parallel_server_limit = 100 parallel_server_limit = 80
PDB1 PDB2 PDB3

Instance caging and interaction with OS Resource Manager
Instance Caging
Enabled using cpu_count parameter.
Used to limit CPU consumption on a multi CPU server.
Over- provisioning : Sum of CPUs for all instances exceeds actual CPUs on the server.
Partitioning: Sum of CPUs is equal to actual number of CPUs server.
Interaction with OS Resource Manager
Need careful planning for running Oracle RM and OS RM together.
If OS is rapidly changing resources allocated, then database RM might not keep up.
Process priority management must not be enabled

Summary
What we covered today
Resource Manager Concepts
Consumer groups, RM plans, directives
Creating resource manager plans
Simple and Complex
Limiting resource allocation
Predefined plans, RM waits

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