Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Indian Minerals
Yearbook 2013
(Part- III : Mineral Reviews)
52nd Edition
BAUXITE
(ADVANCE RELEASE)
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
MINISTRY OF MINES
INDIAN BUREAU OF MINES
January, 2015
4-1
BAUXITE
4 Bauxite
All India : Total 321258 89223 182457 592938 105894 245091 274165 655673 431006 1155570 19283 2886682 3479620
By Grades
Chemical 2314 - - 2314 - 3986 411 2493 182 4947 - 12019 14333
Refractory 26480 44837 951 72268 753 5590 402 5201 208 9326 - 21480 93748
Chemical/Refractory
mixed with others 3416 - 39 3455 202 1924 344 1919 216 9038 - 13643 17098
Metallurgical-1 184786 38129 155095 378010 65568 187321 215300 446004 293097 630731 14843 1852864 2230874
Metallurgical-2 28669 961 12265 41895 13956 9938 29189 104223 67309 309123 4440 538178 580073
Metallurgical mixed 11435 338 5019 16792 3919 1135 2518 53898 - 28611 - 90081 106873
Low Grade 32145 4452 5133 41730 21054 6334 18614 22189 54837 108521 - 231549 273279
Mixed Grade
BAUXITE
excluding chemical/
refractory 21283 268 1312 22863 177 6960 6766 3800 4244 13373 - 35320 58183
4-3
By States
Andhra Pradesh - - - - - - - 188971 138120 288176 - 615267 615267
Bihar - - - - - - - - - 4114 - 4114 4114
Chhattisgarh 21246 48435 4818 74499 3992 4069 875 33764 11792 23241 18747 96480 170979
Goa 15169 - 1207 16376 14941 1097 10121 6820 - 8646 - 41625 58001
Gujarat 98794 4560 10407 113761 3359 20295 2586 26593 22107 48019 - 122959 236720
Jammu & Kashmir - - - - - - - 1323 182 520 - 2025 2025
Jharkhand 16023 7290 12863 36176 5135 11341 5531 15760 17397 54447 536 110147 146323
Karnataka 5399 542 - 5941 1735 394 10 - 2220 45405 - 49764 55705
Kerala - - - - 29 - 24 2037 9284 2722 - 14096 14096
Madhya Pradesh 17144 1068 1590 19802 3151 11733 1199 6640 53715 50551 - 126989 146791
Maharashtra 14461 4473 7219 26153 16886 6704 12531 52191 10524 49896 - 148732 174885
Odisha 132314 22855 144354 299523 56667 188316 237723 310224 155081 562924 - 1510935 1810458
Rajasthan - - - - - - - - - 528 - 528 528
Tamil Nadu 708 - - 708 - 1141 3564 960 10084 8363 - 24112 24820
Uttar Pradesh - - - - - - - 10390 500 8018 - 18908 18908
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BAUXITE
Table 3 : Principal Producers of Bauxite, 2012-13 Table - 3 (Concld.)
Location of mine
Location of mine
Name & address of producer
Name & address of producer
State District
State District
National Aluminium Co. Ltd., Odisha Koraput Smt Nirmalaben S. Mehta Gujarat Jamnagar
Okha- Jamnagar Highway,
NALCO Bhawan, P/1, Nayapali
Jam-Khambhaliya
Bhubaneshwar 751 061 Jamnagar-361 305
Odisha. Gujarat
4-5
Table 5 (A) : Gradewise Production of Bauxite, 2011-12
(By Sectors/States/Districts) (Qty in tonnes; Value in `'000)
For use in Alumina & Aluminium extraction : Al2O3 content For use in other than Alumina & Aluminum extraction Total
State/District No. of 60% & 55- 50- 45- 40- Below Cement Abrasive Refractory Chemical Quantity Value
Mines above 60% 55% 50% 45% 40%
India 172 (12) - 27507 309442 1743025 9807163 1036749 390904 131468 149009 4299 13599566 6126011
Public Sector 20 - 27507 296372 70491 5294201 32642 - 64128 67358 - 5852699 2752977
Private Sector 152 (12) - - 13070 1672534 4512962 1004107 390904 67340 81651 4299 7746867 3373034
Chhattisgarh 12 - - - 1052467 1339140 - - 230 - - 2391837 1444642
Kabirdham 2 - - - 964365 - - - 230 - - 964595 598084
Surguja 10 - - - 88102 1339140 - - - - - 1427242 846558
Goa 1 - - - - - - 84700 - - - 84700 9317
South Goa 1 - - - - - - 84700 - - - 84700 9317
Gujarat 79 - 27507 297540 70491 86522 32892 101445 130109 98716 2160 847382 460722
Amreli 1 - - - - - 250 - - - - 250 121
Jamnagar 63 - - 1168 - 65022 - 38480 55882 31358 2160 194070 97299
Junagarh 1 - - - - - - 9061 - - 9061 970
Kachchh 9 - 27507 296372 70491 21500 32642 1650 64227 67358 - 581747 348481
Porbandar 5 - - - - - - 52254 10000 - - 62254 13851
Jharkhand 31 - - - 101758 1858931 8750 - - - - 1969439 748448
BAUXITE
Gumla 19 - - - 59058 1160676 - - - - - 1219734 470749
4-6
Figures in parentheses indicate number of associated mines with fireclay, kaolin,manganese ore and ochre. * Only labour reported.
Table 5 (B) : Gradewise Production of Bauxite, 2012-13 (P)
(By Sectors/States/Districts) (Qty in tonnes; Value in `'000)
For use in Alumina & Aluminium extraction : Al2O3 content For use other than Alumina & Aluminum extraction Total
State/District No. of 60% & 55- 50- 45- 40- Below Cement Abrasive Refractory Chemical Quantity Value
Mines above 60% 55% 50% 45% 40%
India 152(10) - 1150 37074 1913239 9650105 1139501 2233641 57271 264225 64258 15360464 7097373
Public Sector 20 - - 1689 574081 5642288 41200 86510 1909 78292 14428 6440397 3359045
Private Sector 132(10) - 1150 35385 1339158 4007817 1098301 2147131 55362 185933 49830 8920067 3738328
Chhattisgarh 12 - - - 862845 955323 - - - - - 1818168 1047213
Kabirdham 2 - - - 732120 - - - - - - 732120 469101
Surguja 10 - - - 130725 955323 - - - - - 1086048 578112
Goa 1 - - - - - - 87200 - - - 87200 9422
South Goa 1 - - - - - - 87200 - - - 87200 9422
Gujarat 67 - 1150 25574 574081 112966 41200 1937123 56704 220100 48811 3017709 1424645
Jamnagar 53 - 1150 23885 - 64352 - 1692090 56204 141808 34383 2013872 713951
Kachchh 8 - - 1689 574081 48614 41200 86510 - 78292 14428 844814 655661
Porbandar 5 - - - - - - 152501 - - - 152501 52913
Sabarkantha 1 - 6022 500 - - 6522 2120
Jharkhand 31 - - - 80420 1350068 577879 - - - - 2008367 848769
Gumla 19 - - - 74070 1138516 - - - - - 1212586 483441
BAUXITE
Latehar 1 - - - - 64847 - - - - - 64847 34009
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Table 7 (A) : Mine-head Stocks of Bauxite at the Beginning of the Year 2012-13
(By States & Grades)
(Qty in tonnes)
Stocks by Grades : Al2O3 Content For use other than alumina & aluminium
for use in alumina & aluminium metal metal extraction
State extraction
55- 50- 45- 40- Below Cement Abrasive Refractory Chemical Others Total
60% 55% 50% 45% 40%
India - - 2034 146268 1157637 305912 5961795 24626 32813 357123 7988208
Gujarat - - 866 89999 868555 57177 5906288 22762 20429 353272 7319348
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BAUXITE
Table 7 (B) : Mine-head Stocks of Bauxite at the End of the Year 2012-13(P)
(By States & Grades)
(In tonnes)
Stocks by Grades : Al2O3 Content For use other than alumina & aluminium
for use in alumina & aluminium metal metal extraction
State extraction
60% & 55- 50- 45- 40- Below Cement Abrasive Refractory Chemical Total
above 60% 55% 50% 45% 40%
India - 1 6928 542820 1141683 231041 4622597 11540 50577 295166 6902353
Chhattisgarh - - - 421 46 - - 95 - - 562
Goa - - - - - - 10299 - - - 10299
Gujarat - 1 1095 494653 791688 400 4547045 9797 50462 284543 6179684
Jharkhand - - - 502 9836 10292 - - - - 20630
Karnataka - - - - 19296 - 11285 - - - 30581
Madhya Pradesh - - - 1362 155098 129418 23047 - 115 10623 319663
Maharashtra - - 5833 32802 144279 64372 19244 - - - 266530
Odisha - - - 13080 21440 26559 - - - - 61079
Tamil Nadu - - - - - - 11677 1648 - - 13325
In Odisha, NALCO has adopted the mechanised All Industries 10622600 10367400 11019200
'Trench method' of opencast mining at Panchpatmali Abrasives 3200(3) 3400(3) 3400(3)
mine. In this method, a pilot trench is driven through Alumina 1/ 9391900(4) 9047400(4) 9744400(4)
the middle of the deposit and several other trenches Cement 1082000(32) 1040600(33) 992700(34)
are opened on both the sides in a staggered pattern Ceramic 1300(3) 1200(3) 1200(3)
exposing and creating more number of working faces. Chemical 5900(3) 5900(3) 5900(3)
The fertile top soil is preserved by dozing aside and Ferro-alloys 10200(7) 11300(7) 11200(7)
hard laterite of 3 m thickness is drilled and blasted. Fertilizer 18200(2) - -
The overburden is removed using higher capacity Iron & steel 1200(6) 1200(6) 1200(6)
mobile equipment like dumpers and wheel loaders to Refractory 2/ 108700(53) 256400(53) 259200(53)
expose the bauxite bed.
Figures rounded off.
The top slice of bauxite having 810 m thickness Figures in parentheses denote the number of units in organised
sector reporting* consumption.
is loosened by drilling and blasting and the bauxite of (*Includes actual reported consumption and/or estimates made
3-4 m thickness at the bottom contact is removed wherever required). Excludes industrial end-use consumption
of laterite which was 37,35,200 tonnes, 38,92,400 tonnes and
selectively using backhoe shovels. The mine has 40,24,274 tonnes during 2010-11, 2011-12 and 2012-13
achieved overall capacity of 6.3 million tonnes per year respectively.
1/ Includes about 9,726 thousand tonnes, 9,925 thousand tonnes
bauxite after expansion. Accordingly, higher capacity and 10,322 thousand tonnes bauxite equivalent of alumina
mobile equipment like dumpers, wheel loaders, ripper estimated to have been consumed in the production of aluminium
metal in 2010-11, 2011-12 and 2012-13, respectively.
dozers and faster drills have been introduced. NALCO 2/ Includes consumption of calcined bauxite.
has plans in place to further increase bauxite mining
capacity to 6.825 million tonnes per year.
Table 9 : Domestic Sources of Supplies of
CONSUMPTION Bauxite to Alumina Plants
In 2012-13, consumption of bauxite was 11.02
Producer Plant Source of supply
million tonnes as compared to 10.37 million tonnes in
the previous year. Alumina/aluminium Industry was the NALCO Damanjodi, Captive mines at Panchpatmali
Koraput (Odisha) Hills, Koraput dist, Odisha.
principal consumer of bauxite and accounted for 88%
consumption in 2012-13 followed by Cement (9%) and BALCO Korba Captive mines in Surguja &
Refractory (2%) (Table-8). (Chhattisgarh) Bodai-Daldali in Kabirdham
(Kawardha) dist. Chhattisgarh.
Gujarat was the main supplier of abrasive and
refractory grade bauxite. Alumina plants draw supplies Hindalco Renukoot Captive mines in Shahdol dist.,
Industries (Uttar Pradesh) Madhya Pradesh; Gumla &
mostly from their captive mines. Hindalco sources Lohardaga dist., Jharkhand and
bauxite from other suppliers too (Table - 9). Surguja dist. in Chhattisgarh. Also
other suppliers include suppliers
from Odisha, Madhya Pradesh and
USES & SPECIFICATIONS Jharkhand; Katni Bauxite Pvt. Ltd,
Satna, Laxmidasji Ramji, Katni;
Bauxite is primarily used to produce alumina and Minerals & Minerals Corp.,
through the Bayer process. Aluminium Industry Gujarat.
normally uses bauxite containing minimum 38% Belgaum Captive mines in Chandgad &
Al 2O 3. However, slightly inferior grades with a (Karnataka), Durgmanwadi, Kolhapur dist.
suitable blend are also used, depending upon Muri, Ranchi Maharashtra and Lohardaga
(Jharkhand) dist., Jharkhand.
other characteristics, such as, solubility in caustic
soda and absence of silica. The IS : 5953-1985 Vedanta Lanjigarh GMDC, Gujarat, Ashapura
(Reaffirmed 2008) specifications for metallurgical Aluminium (Odisha) Minechem, Maharashtra,
BALCO, Chhattisgarh.
grade bauxite are listed in Table-10. Details of the
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BAUXITE
Table 10 : Specifications for Metallurgical The IS specifications of bauxite for
Grade Bauxite consumption in chemical and petroleum industries
(IS : 5953-1985; Reaffirmed 2008) are given in Table-12.
( In % by weight)
Gr. I Gr. II *
Table 12 : IS Specifications of Bauxite for
(essentially gibbsite (mixture of Chemical and Petroleum Industries
or trihydrate) gibbsite, boehmite (IS : 3605-1984; Reaffirmed 2010)
Constituent and diaspore or
trihydrate & Constituent Requirement
monohydrate)
* Normally,1 to 20% diaspore and 5 to 7% boehmite. Apart from the chemical specifications, the
In Steel Industry, bauxite is used as a slag physical requirements are that the material passing
corrector in place of fluorite and generally bauxite, through 90-micron IS sieve but retained on 212-micron
containing 45 to 54% Al2O3 and 5% SiO2 (max.) is IS sieve should be 90% maximum; that passing through
consumed. Size preference is 25 to 125 mm with a 300-micron IS sieve shall be 1% by mass maximum; and
tolerance of 5% (max.) for -25 mm and +100 mm that passing through 212- micron IS sieve but retained
fractions. on 300-micron IS sieve should be 10% maximum.
BIS has prescribed the following specifications The other specifications laid down by BIS are
for bauxite in Refractory Industry (Table-11): IS:8228-1976 (Reaffirmed 2008) for bauxite sand
and IS:8988-1978 (Reaffirmed 2008) for bauxite
Table 11 : IS Specifications of Bauxite for powder for foundry washes.
Refractory Industry
(IS : 10817-1984: Reaffirmed 2008) SUBSTITUTION
There is no substitute for bauxite in aluminium
Constituent Percent
metal extraction carried out on a large scale.
Al 2 O 3 58 min. However, calcined clay can be substituted for
Fe 2 O 3 3 max.
refractory bauxite but only with reduction in length
of time and stock resistance. Sillimanite, alumina,
TiO2 3 max.
silicon carbide, magnesite-chromite and carbon-
CaO 0.5 to 0.6
magnesite refractories are the other alternatives
LOI 27 to 30 for high-alumina material but these would entail
higher cost. Silicon carbide and diamonds can
The refractory manufacturers use bauxite of substitute for fused aluminium oxide in abrasive
the following specifications: use but these would entail again at higher cost.
Specifications of Bauxite used by Synthetic mullite is a probable substitute for
Refractory Industry bauxite-based refractories. Silicon carbide and
alumina- zirconia are costlier substitutes for
Constituent Percent bauxite-based abrasives. The raw material like
Al 2 O 3 55-60
alunite, anorthosite, coal wastes and oil shales
are other potential sources of alumina. The
Fe 2 O 3 4-6
extraction, however, would require new plants
TiO2 5-8
with different technology. These non-bauxitic
SiO2 2
materials could satisfy the demand for primary
Others 25-40
metal, refactories, aluminium chemicals and
PCE 33-36 (Ortan)
abrasives.
4-11
BAUXITE
China Imports
Chinalco has initialised the expansion activity of In 2012-13, imports of bauxite decreased
its bauxite mine capacity to 1 million tonnes per year marginally to 66,742 tonnes from 78,980 tonnes in the
for supply of bauxite to its alumina refinery in previous year. Imports were mostly from China
Pingguoto, Guangxi Province. Additionally, installation (Table - 16).
4-12
BAUXITE
Table 14 : World Production of Bauxite, 2010 to 2012
(By Principal Countries)
(In '000 tonnes)
All Countries 401027 922326 3409998 6245777 All Countries 78980 1603329 66742 1494744
China 285140 480925 3116189 5086813 China 77207 1568839 64845 1398294
Saudi Arabia 5255 48548 7069 75319 Netherlands 205 7499 72 2956
Other countries 23330 87243 18140 159018 Other countries 1153 17600 158 2312
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BAUXITE
4-14