Professional Documents
Culture Documents
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Stroke,
Tumor,
Alzheimers disease ,
Schizophrenia,
Attention-deficit disorder,
Learning disabilities,
BRAIN PLASTICITY:
Regeneration,
Reorganization ,
Recovery.
Regeneration
Reorganization:
Recovery:
Recovery from brain damage due to stroke or trauma can be divided into two
stages:
The first stage is related to recovery from the acute effects of
metabolic and membrane failure. The rapid recovery from neurological
deficit after a stroke is often attributed to the recovery of function of
the cells.
In second stage recovery, nervous system damage may result into a
variety of compensatory changes. Gradual improvement in the months
after damage could reflect the learning of new cognitive behavioral
strategies rather than return of lost function. Kapur (1997) in his
studies found that observed improvement did not occur because the
patients have actually recovered lost cognitive function but because
their cognition allowed them to accomplish cognitive tasks in
alternative way.
There are basically two standard comprehensive batteries that are widely
used for assessment for rehabilitation: Halstead Reitan Battery (Reitan &
Davison, 1974) and Luria Nebraska Neuropsychological batteries (LNNB)
(Golden, Hammeke et al., 1980). Both procedures have standard
administration and scoring methods, providing evaluations of the various
cognitive perceptual and motor abilities. These areas included general
intelligence, abstraction and related conceptual abilities, attention,
language, memory and a variety of perceptual motor skills.
Know how the problems are manifested in real life and what the
people involved consider to be important
Restorative
Compensatory
Holistic
Restoration
Compensation
Holistic Approach
Individual Setting
Group setting
BRAIN REORGANISATION
Cognitive Retraining
Cognitive Retraining
Internal strategies
External strategies
Memory retraining
Reasoning
Problem solving
Decision making
Executive skills.
ATTENTION RETRAINING
MEMORY RETRAINING
Using notes, calendars and list as external cues and reminders. These
may also helps with initiation difficulty.
Using errorless learning when teaching new skills to minimize the need
to unlearn mistakes that is promptings and cueing in such a way that
no errors are made during the training process.
Repetition
Association
Chunking
Mnemonics:
Pegword method
Method of loci
REASONING
PROBLEM SOLVING.
DECISION-MAKING RETRAINING
EXECUTIVE SKILLS.
Both restorative and compensatory strategies are used for the remediation.
Provide structures
Anxiety
Obsessional behaviors
Hostility
Impatience
Irritability
Argumentativeness
Anger
Lack of initiative
Irresponsibility
Aggression
Neuro-feedback
Virtual reality
Prosthetic aids
CONCLUSION: