Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Amplifiers
Shilpi Gupta
Dept. of Electrical Engineering
IIT Kanpur
Feb 16, 2017
1
Announcements
2
RECAP
(Ideally large)
I1 I0
Trans conductance
+ +
Vi V0
- -
(Ideally large)
(Ideally small) 3
RECAP
4
RECAP
Device X
Device Y
6
How do we use elements such as X, Y etc to make amplifiers?
When only a part of device characteristics is suitable for amplification, then we
need to push the device into that region by applying suitable bias voltages.
This process is called BIASING
RECAP
7
How do we get rid of unwanted dc voltage at the output ?
IO RECAP
IO
v0
X
+
RL
vi
1.5V -
vs
8
IO
RECAP
dc ac (signal)
IO
v0
X
+ RC
RL
vi
VB -
RECAP vs
Shorts the signal source
10
RECAP
Solution
Gives vS + VB
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RECAP
I1 I0
X
+ +
Vi V0
- -
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Ideal transistor
Device X
Device Y
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How do we use element Y to make amplifiers?
Device Y
Ideal Characteristics
15
How do we use device Y to make an amplifier?
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The purpose of biasing network is to operate the device in a
region which resembles ideal transistor
VO = -ve
ve which is not possible for device Y
VO
+ Y RC
vi
RB
-
VB=Vi2
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Revised Amplifier Schematic for Device Y
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Revised Amplifier Schematic
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Can we amplify using one dc voltage source only?
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Device Z
I0
Very sharp
Vi
V =1V
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Device Z Very
sharp
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Solution
DC Analysis
VCC
RC
Rt
Z
+
vi
Vt
-
RE
24
Since Io vs. Vi characteristics is
VCC very sharp, Vi ~ V = 1V
RC
IO
Rt
+ gm(Vi-V )
Vt Vi If Vt changes by 1% due to variation
- in resistor values then the change in
RE output current is proportional.
IO
But circuit is much less sensitive
25
to variations in circuit parameters
AC analysis
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v0
gm v i
+
vi RC||RL
R1||R2
-
vs
RE
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Circuit is very sensitive to
variations in resistor values,
power supply, device
parameters such as V
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Io vs. VIN VI vs. time
Io vs. time
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Vo vs. time
I0
Vin
V
Vo vs. time
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Appendix
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Bipolar Junction Transistor: BJT
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Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor
MOSFET
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Incremental (ac) Circuit Analysis
vs1
vs1
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Method: Incremental equivalent circuit
Incremental model
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Incremental (ac) Models: Capacitor
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Incremental (ac) Models
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Incremental (ac) circuit Analysis
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