Mechanical Smoke Ventilation Calculations

For typical offices floors

Mechanical Ventilation system for typical offices floors

# Assumptions:-
Fire Area = 3x3 = 9 sq.m
Smoke Plume High (Y) = 2.5 M
Total height (H) = 3.5 M
Smoke layer thickness (db) = H - Y = 1 M
Floor Area = 1050 sq.m

# Determining the heat release

Q = q x A (1)
where q = 93 KW/sq.M
Refference :- BS7436 tables with aid of NFBA 204M tables .
From equation (1)
Qs = 837 kw

# Determining smoke mass flow rate Ms

Ms = 0.188 PY 3/2 (2)
where P = Fire Perimeter = 12 M
Y = Clear height of smoke plume = 2.5 M
From equation (2)
Ms = 0.188 x12 x 2.53/2
Ms = 8.9 kg/s.

# Determining plume temperature rise :

Qs
dT = .(3)
Ms x Cps

dT = 93 K
And
Ts = To + DT .(4)
Where :
Ts = Smoke temp.
To =Ambient temp. = 303 K

Ts = 396 K

# Determining the required air flow rate :

Ms Ts
V = .(5)
To ps
Where :-
V = Required air volumetric flow rate
ps = Smoke density = 1.2 Kg/m3
 V = 9.7 M3/Sec.

= 20,584 CFM ~~= 21,000 CFM

# Determining duct size and fan static pressure :-

V = A X v .(8)
Where v = volumetric flow rate for one fan = 21,000 cfm
OR. v = volumetric flow rate for one fan = 9.7 M3/Sec.
A = duct cross sec. Area
V = desired air velocity in the duct = 6 M/Sec.

A = 1.62 M2
Static pressure ( in.wg) = 0.5 + duct friction loss
where duct friction loss = 0.5 in.wg
Total Static pressure ( in.wg) = 1 in.wg.

Conclusion :
System Description :
Exhaust Smoke Fans :
input the sugested fans
Nunmers: 2 Nos. Fans/Zone
numbers here .
Capacity: 10,500 cfmIf u (each)
put it as one it gives
Type : Tubilar ducted the total flow required .
Location : Roof Top

Duct Size = 7.00 Sq.ft = 60" X 22"

Duct Size = 0.65 Sq.M = 152 X 56 CM
in case if the enterances
Fresh Air Fans:
area is less than the
Fresh Air Fansrequired
capacityarea
shall, be
so,same
the as exhaust air capacity .
fresh air fans are required
.
Fresh Air properties shall be :
Nunmers: 2 No. Fan
Capacity: 10,500 cfm
Type : Tubilar ducted
Location : Roof Top
Total Static pressure ( in.wg) = 1 in.wg.

GENERAL

- All fans used in smoke management and exhaust system ( exhaust and fresh air fans )
shall be capable to withstand 200 oC temp.for 30 min.

- All fans shall be interconnected with fire allarm panel for automatic operation also, shall be
provided with ON /OFF switch near enterances for manual operation by occupants.
 Mechanical Smoke Ventilation Calculations
For Basement Floor ( Store)

Mechanical Ventilation system for basement floor

# Assumptions:-
Fire Area = 3x3 = 9 sq.m
Smoke Plume High (Y) = 2.5 M
Total height (H) = 3.5 M
Smoke layer thickness (db) = H - Y = 1 M
Floor Area = 1050 sq.m

# Determining the heat release

Q = q x A (1)
where q = 390 KW/sq.M
Refference :- BS7436 tables with aid of NFBA 204M tables .
From equation (1)
Qs = 3510 kw

# Determining smoke mass flow rate Ms

Ms = 0.188 PY 3/2 (2)
where P = Fire Perimeter = 12 M
Y = Clear height of smoke plume = 2.5 M
From equation (2)
Ms = 0.188 x12 x 2.53/2
Ms = 8.9 kg/s.

# Determining plume temperature rise :

Qs
dT = .(3)
Ms x Cps

dT = 390 K
And
Ts = To + DT .(4)
Where :
Ts = Smoke temp.
To =Ambient temp. = 303 K

Ts = 693 K

# Determining the required air flow rate :

Ms Ts
V = .(5)
To ps
Where :-
V = Required air volumetric flow rate
ps = Smoke density = 1.2 Kg/m3

V = 17.0 M3/Sec.

= 36,014 CFM ~~= 37,000 CFM

 # Determining duct size and fan static pressure :-

V = A X v .(8)
Where v = volumetric flow rate for one fan = 37,000 cfm
OR. v = volumetric flow rate for one fan = 17.0 M3/Sec.
A = duct cross sec. Area
V = desired air velocity in the duct = 6 M/Sec.

A = 2.83 M2
Static pressure ( in.wg) = 0.5 + duct friction loss
where duct friction loss = 0.5 in.wg
Total Static pressure ( in.wg) = 1 in.wg.

Conclusion :
System Description :
Exhaust Smoke Fans :
input the sugested fans
Nunmers: 2 Nos. Fans/Zone
numbers here .
Capacity: 18,500 cfmIf u (each)
put it as one it gives
Type : Tubilar ducted the total flow required .
Location : Roof Top

Duct Size = 12.33 Sq.ft = 60" X 22"

Duct Size = 1.15 Sq.M = 152 X 56 CM

# Determining fresh air intake area :

EDIT THE ACTUAL
No. of entrances and doors = 2 doors NO. AS PER ARCH.
Average door size (m) = 2.2 (width) , 2 (height)
DRAWINGS .
= 4.4 m2
Total fresh air intake area = 8.8 m2

V = AX v .(8)

Where V = The required fresh air supply

= 6 CFM
= - M3/Sec.
Assuming average air velocity through doors to be 2m/s ( to allow door opening for
occupants evacuation )
A= - m2
The required area is less than doors and enterance areas
SO, Enterance area is sufficient as fresh air supply openings .
in case if the enterances
Fresh Air Fans:
area is less than the
Fresh Air Fansrequired
capacityarea
shall, be
so,half
theof exhaust air capacity depending on the doors and
fresh to
park ramp opening airdeliver
fans are required
adequate fresh air amount for the other half of the floor area .
.

Fresh Air properties shall be :

Nunmers: 2 No. Fan
Capacity: 10,500 cfm
Type : Tubilar ducted
Location : Roof Top
Total Static pressure ( in.wg) = 1 in.wg.

GENERAL

- All fans used in smoke management and exhaust system ( exhaust and fresh air fans )
shall be capable to withstand 200 oC temp.for 30 min.
- All fans shall be interconnected with fire allarm panel for automatic operation also, shall be
provided with ON /OFF switch near enterances for manual operation by occupants.
 Left Well Pressurization fan For elevators . just inter the
no. of floors

No. Of Stops = Gr. + 14 Floors + Service Floor = 16 Floors

No. Of elevators = 2 Nos.

dont touch it
No. Of Elev.Doors = 2 (Gr.) + 30 (Typical Floors) = 32 Doors formated cell

Door Size :-
W = 0.8 M dont touch it
H = 2.0 m formated cell

Qe = KAe (P)1/2

Where :
Ae = 0.003 x ( ( 2.0 + 0.8 ) x 2 ) + 2.0 x 32 = 0.73

K = 0.839
P = 50 Pascal.

Qe = 0.839 x Ae x (50)1/2

Qe = 4.3 M3/Sec. = 152.8 CFM

In Case One Door Opened :

Where :-
A = Door Area
0.73 M2
 Mechanical Ventilation Calculations
For Car Park ( Basement )

inter the floor area here

1-Mechanical Ventilation system
inter the floor hight
here
Location :
Floor Area : 8000 Sq.M follow the regulation for
Floor Hiegh : 2.8 M the area application ,
Floor Volume = 22400 Cu.M for basement 4times/hr.

No. of air change per hour = 4 times

Total air volume = 89600 Cu.M

= 3166078 Cu.Ft

Total flow rate (cfm) = 52767.96 cfm <=> 52800 cfm

Fan selection
according to plane (or
Fan Capacity = 13200 cfm the posibility to install
many nos. of fans to
No. of fans = 4 nos. fans reduce the cap. Of the
fan .
CONCLUSION
System Discription :
Exhaust Smoke Fans :
Nunmers: 4 Nos. Fans
Capacity: 13,200 cfm (each)
Type : Tubilar ducted
Location : .
 Mechanical Smoke Ventilation Calculations
For

Mechanical Ventilation system for

Q g L2 1/3 Z +2
Mf = 0.58 p p Cp T0 2 + 1+ 0.22 L

WHERE :-

Q = Heat Flux = 5000 KW FOR Shoping Araes

p = Density of smoke
= 1.2 Kg/m3
Cp = Specific Heat
= 1.01 Kj/KgK
g = Gravity Accel.
= 9.81m/sec2
T0 = Abs.Temp - Amb.Temp.
= 303 K
L = Length of void edge past which gases spill
= Width of void
= 3 m
Z = Hight of rise of thermal plume above void edge
= H - d2 = 4.0 - 0.8
= 3.2 m
= Emprical hight of virtual source below void edge
= 0.3 H = 0.3 x 4
= 1.2 m

THEN :-

Q g L2 1/3 Z +2 1.2
Mf = 0.58 p p Cp T0 2 + 1.2 1+ 0.22 3

Mf = 5193.05

3
2/3

2/3
 Stair Case Pressurization For Internal Stairs .

No. Of Floors = Gr. + 6 Floors + Service Floor = 8 Floors

No. Of Doors = 1 (Gr.) + 6 Typical Floors + Service Flo = 8 Doors

Door Size :-
W = 0.8 M
H = 2.0 m

Qe = KAe (P)1/2

Where :
Ae = 0.003 x ( ( 2.0 + 0.8 ) x 2 ) + 2.0 x 8= 0.18

K = 0.839
P = 50 Pascal.

Qe = 0.839 x Ae x (50)1/2

Qe = 11.9 M3/Sec. = 418.8 CFM

In Case One Door Opened :

Where :-
A = Door Area
V = Air Velocity = 0.75 m/sec.
Af = Area Factor = 0.6

VA 0.75 x 2.0 x 0.8

Qo = = = 2.00 M3/Sec.
Af 0.6

= 4236 CFM

Conclusion :
System Description :
Left Well Pressurization fan For elevators .
Qty. : 1 Nos. Fan/stair case
Capacity : 4,300 cfm (each)
Type : Tube Axial Fan
Location : stair case Roof

1- Provide one no. fresh air pressurized fan located on each stair case roof
of 4,300 CFM & 1.5 In.wg.
2- Provide deffrential pressure sensor at the midlle way of stair case high and interface
with fan control panel .
0.18 M2
MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT.

CAR PARKING VENTELATION CALCULATION *

DESCRIPTION VALUE

NUMBER OF CARS 64.00

HIGHT,H 10.00
AREA OF PARKING,A 3700.00
AREA OF PARKING,AF 39826.80
TIME OF CAR OPERATION, 120.00
MAX CO2 LEVEL REQUIRED 25.00
OPERATION CARS AT PEAK 40.00
NUMBER OF OPERATION CARS AT PEAK, N 25.60
EMISSION RATE , E 700.00
GENERATION RATE G 0.45
NORMALIZE VALUE OF GENERATION RATE ,GO 2.48
F 18.14
C 0.0001363
VENTELATION RATE 0.30
REQUIRED AIR CHANGE /HR 1.78
AIR FLOW RATE 11819
 STATIC PRESSURE 2.00
FAN POWER 7.88

* 1999 ASHRAE Application-A 12 Page ( 12.9 )

H:\MECHANICAL DEPT\05-08-1--- AL FAYHA\FAIHAA BASEMENT& GF\AR-02A_02B_02C BASEMENT FLR PLAN.dwg

D:\MECH\ABD ELRAHIM\CURRENT PROJECTS-2008\05-08-1--- AL FAYHA\MECH\MECH-06

 DATE : 6 JUNE 2008

PROJECT : xxxx HOSP.

ALCULATION *

UNIT I/O

CAR INPUT
FT INPUT
M INPUT
FT OUTPUT
SEC RECOMMENDED
PPM RECOMMENDED
% RECOMMENDED
CAR OUTPUT
GAL/HR AVERAGE
g/hr.ft OUTPUT
g/hr.ft RECOMMENDED
- OUTPUT
CFM/FT-S RECOMMENDED
CFM/FT OUTPUT
ACH OUTPUT
CFM OUTPUT
 IN" W INPUT
HP OUTPUT

CALCULATED BY :

ENG / M.ABD EL RAHIM

_02C BASEMENT FLR PLAN.dwg

VEVTILATION CALCULATION FOR THE TRANSFORMER ROOM

PROJECT :

1- ASSUMPTION
- Ambient Temperature = 115 F
- Max. Allowed Temp. Rise = 10.8 F
- Sub- Station Ref. No. 1
- Number Of Transformers = 1 Nos.
- Transformer Rateing = 1000 KVA
- Number Of Transformers = 0 Nos.
- Transformer Rateing = 1000 KVA
- Power Factor = 0.8
- Transformer Eff. = 0.98
2- CALCULATION
Heat Loss / Transformer
=( 1 x 1000 + 0 x 1000 )x 0.8 x (1 - 0.98 )
= 16 KW
= 16000 Watt

Total Heat Dissipation

=
= 16000 x 3.413
= 54608 Btu/hr
= 1.08 x CFM x Temp. Rise
= 1.08 x CFM x 10.8

Air Quantity Required for ventilation

Then :-
The Air Quantity = 4,682 CFM

VENTILATION SYSTEM DISCRIPTION

Number of fans = 1
Fan Capacity / Each = 4,682 = CFM
Fan rating KW/Each = 1.11 KW
Fan st. Pressure = 1 IN.WG
 GENERATOR ROOM VENTILATION CALCULATION

Diesel Generator capacity = 750 KVA

H
Ventilating air (cu.m/min.) = + Engine Combustion Air
D x SH x Dt

Where :-
H = Total Heat Radiation in (KW) (for engine + generator)
H = 125.5 KW (Ref. To specs. Sheet)
V = Ventilating air (cu.m/min.)
D = Density of air (kg/m3)
= 1.07 At 54 deg. C
SH = Specific heat of air ( kw.min/Kg.C)
= 0.017
dT= Temp. Rise inside engine room ( deg.C)
= 10 deg.C
ECA = Engine Combustion Air (Exhaust gas flow )
= 120 cu.m/min (Ref. To specs. Sheet)
7,182 cu.m/hr.

Radiator fan air flow = 17.6 cu.m/sec. (Ref. To specs. Sheet)

= 1056 cu.m/min
= 37,256 cu.ft/min.

THEN :-

125.5
Ventilating air (V) = + 120
1.07 x 0.017 x 10

V = 810 cu.m/min

V = 28,564 cu.ft/min.

INTAKE LOUVER SIZE

- Consider Air Velocity = 1000 ft/min.

Total Air Quantity = 28,564 cu.ft/min.
Louver Area = 29 Sq.ft
2.7 Sq.m

Important Notes :-
1- clean , cool , dry air circulates around the switchgear , flows through the rear of the generator , across
the engine , and discharges through the radiator
2- Cool air shoul always be available for the engine air cleaner (air filter ).
3- For best ventilation results , air should flow first across the generator then to both sides of the engine .

4- Inlets located at the end of the room will provide adequate ventilation only to the engine nearast the
inlet.
5- Air flow restriction should be 0.5 inch W.G
the generator , across

h sides of the engine .

e engine nearast the