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A solvent storage tank, 15.0 m high contains liquid styrene (sp. gr. 0.909). A pressure gauge is fixed at the
base of the tank to be used to determine the level of styrene.
19. Determine the gage pressure when the tank is full of styrene.
a. 134 kPa g b. 235 kPa a c. 1.32 atm g d. a, b and c
20. What will be the new pressure with hexane (sp. gr. 0.659) to indicate that the tank is full?
a. 96.9 kPa g b. 126 kPa g c. 202 kPa a d. 49 kPa
24.At what temperature will the Celcius scale equals the Farenheit scale?
a. 40 b. -23 c. -40 d. 77
25.The number of particles in 1 lb mole
a. 2.73x1026 b. 6.02x1023 c. 3.01x1023 d. 2.73x1023
26. The waste acid from nitrating process contains 23% HNO3, 57% H2SO4, and 20% H2O by
weight. This acid is to be concentrated to contain 27% HNO3 and 60% H2SO4 by the
addition of concentrated sulfuric acid containing 93% H2SO4 and concentrated nitric acid
contain ing 90% HNO3. Calculate the weight of waste needed to obtain 1000 lb of the
desired mixture.
a. 418 lb b. 390 lb c. 192 lb d. 130 lb
27. A steady state process is a process in which conditions remain unchanged with time.
a. True b. False c. incomplete date
28. Batch process is a steady state process.
a. True b. False c. incomplete data
29. Continuous process is a steady state process.
a. True at all times b. False c. true but it begins as unsteady state
30. A paper mill ships to a Texas distributor 12,208 lb of paper. A sample carefully taken at
the mill is found by analysis to contain 4.28% moisture. A similar sample taken at the
destination by the distributor shows 7.88% moisture. What should be the weight of the
shipment as received?
a. 12,700 lb b. 12,208 lb c. 12800 lb d. 12008 lb
31. An aqueous solution of NaOH contains 20% NaOH by mass. It is desired to produce 8%
NaOH solution by diluting a stream of the 20% solution with a stream of pure water.
Calculate the ration L H2O/Kg feed solution.
a. 2.5 b. 1.0 c. 1.5 d. 2.0
32. A liquid mixture containing 45% benzene and 55% toluene by mass is fed to a distillation
column. The product stream leaving the top of the column contains 95% of benzene while
the bottom product stream contains 8% of the benzene fed to the column. The volumetric
flow rate of the feed stream is 2000 L/h and the specific gravity of the feed mixture is
0.872. Determine the mass flow rate of the overhead product stream.
a. 978 kg/h b. 766 kh/h c. 1744 kg/h d. 915 kg/h
33. In the processing of fish, after the oil is extracted, the fish cake is dried in rotary drum
dryers, finely ground and packed. The resulting product contains 65% protein. In a given
batch of fish that contains 80% water, 199 kg of water is removed, and it is found that the
fish cake contains 40% water. Calculate the weight of the fish cake originally put into the
dryer?
a. 120 kg b. 130 kg c. 140 kg d. 150 kg
34. You are asked to prepare a batch of 18.63% battery acid as follows: 200 kg of
77.7% sulfuric acid solution is added to a tank with weak old battery acid
(12.43% sulfuric acid) to produce the desired battery acid concentration. How
many kilograms of abttery acid have been made?
a. 1910 b. 955 c. 2110 d. 4220
35. A crystallizer contains 6420 lb of aqueous solution of anhydrous sodium sulphate
(concentration 29.6 wt %) at 104 C. The solution is cooled to 20 C to crystallize
out the desired Na2SO4. 10 H2O. The remaining solution ( the mother liquor) is
found to contain 16.1 % anhydrous sodium sulfate. What is the weight of this
mother liquor?
a. 3330 lb b. 3100 lb c. 1650 lb d. 4500
36. Two tons of 25% solution of NaNO3 is concentrated to saturation at 100C by evaporation.
The solution is then cooled to 20C. The crystals of NaNO 3 are removed by filtration. One-
tenth pound of solution adheres to each pound of crystals. After drying, the NaNO 3 in the
adhering solution is deposited on the crystals. The solubility of the NaNO 3 is 1.76 lb/lb H2O
at 100C and 0.88 lb/lb H2O at 20C. Calculate (a) the amount of water evaporated to achieve
saturation at 100 C and (b) the total weight of NaNO3 obtained.
a. 2432 lb, 523.4 lb
b. 4864 lb, 1046.8 lb
c. 200 lb, 523.4 lb
d. 2432 lb, 4000 lb
37. A gas mixture containing 25% CO2 and 75 % NH3 is being scrubbed with an acid solution to
remove the ammonia. The resulting gas mixture contains 37.5 % NH 3. What percentage of
the original ammonia has been removed, assuming that the CO 2 remains unaffected and that
no part of the acid solution vaporizes?
a. 8% b. 80% c. 100% d. 10%
38. Skim milk is prepared by the removal of some fat from whole milk. This skim milk is found
to contain 90.5% water, 3.5% protein, 5.1% carbohydrate, 0.1% fat and 0.8% ash. If the
original milk contained 4.5% fat, calculate its composition assuming that fat only was
removed to make the skim milk and that there are no losses in processing. What is the
%protein in the feed?
a. 2.9%
b. 3.35%
c. 6.7%
d. 4.1%
39. A tannery extract mangrove bark contains 4% H2O, 37% tannin, and 23% soluble non-tannin
material. The residue removed from the extraction which contains 62% moisture, 2.8%
tannin, and 0.9% non-tannin material. What percentage of the tannin in the original bark
remains unextracted in the residue?
a. 10.95%
b. 7.95%
c. 8.95%
d. 9.95%
40. The feed to a unit consisting of two columns contains 30% benzene (B), 55% toluene (T),
and 15% xylene (X). The overhead stream from the first column is analyzed and contains
94.4% B, 4.54% T and 1.06%X. The bottoms from the first column is fed to the second
column. In this second column, it is planned that 92% of the original T charged to the unit
shall be recovered in the overhead stream and that the T shall constitute 94.6% of the stream.
It is further planned that 92.6% of the X charged to the unit shall be recovered in the bottoms
from this column and that the X shall constitute 77.6% of that stream. If these conditions are
met, calculate the percentage recovery of benzene in the overhead stream from the first
column.
a. 56.7% b. 45.2% c. 84.6% d. 68.4%
41. A feed of 10,000 kg soybeans is processed in a sequence of three stages or steps. The feed
contains 35% protein 27.1% carbohydrate, 9.4 % fiber and ash, 10.5% moisture, and 18% oil.
In the first stage the beans are crushed and pressed to remove oil, giving an expressed oil
stream and a stream of pressed beans containing 6% oil. Assume no loss of other constituents
with the oil stream. In the second step the pressed beans are extracted with hexane to produce
an extracted meal containing 0.5% oil and a hexane-oil stream. Assume no hexane in the
extracted meal. Finally, in the last step the extracted meal is dried to give a dried meal of 8%
moisture. Calculate the percentage of protein in the dried meal
a. 76.9% b. 67.9% c. 37.8% d. 85.2%
1. When the fresh feed consists of more than one reactant, the conversion can be expressed for a
single component, usually the limiting reactant, or the most expensive raw material
2. The most important application of recycle for systems involving chemical reaction is the recycle
of reactants, an application that is used to decrease the overall conversion in a reactor.
3. Overall conversion depends only on what enters and leaves the reactor
4. Single pass conversion depends on what enters and leaves the overall process
5. Purge is used to maintain a concentration of a minor component of a process stream below some
point so that it does not accumulate in the process
6. Bypassing means that a fraction of the fresh feed enters the process in advance of the feed to the
process
7. A trace component in a stream or produced in a reactor has a negligible effect on the overall
material balance when recycle occurs
8. Recycle represents amount of material that leaves a process unit that is downstream and is
returned to the same unit or an upstream unit for processing again
9. 100 g moles of A combines with a recycled 900 gmoles of A and is then fed to a reactor where
100 gmoles of B is produced based on the reaction A2B and is completely separated with
reactant A in the downstream process. The overall conversion is 100%
10. 100 g moles of A combines with a recycled 900 gmoles of A and is then fed to a reactor where
200 gmoles of B is produced based on the reaction A2B. The fractional conversion is 5%
II PROBLEM SOLVING
1. In the case of fluids, the local heat transfer coefficient (h) for long tubes and using
bulk-temperature properties is expressed by the empirical equation
0.023 G0.8 k 0.67 Cp 0.33 lb
h= where G = mass velocity of fluids,
D0.2 0.47 ft 2 s , h =
Btu Btu
h ft 2 , Cp = heat capacity of fluid, lb , k = thermal conductivity,
Bru lb
h ft , D = diameter of tune, ft and = viscosity of liquid, ft s . Convert the
empirical equation into SI units.
2. A solution of sodium chloride in water contains 1 g NaCl per 4 g water at 33 oC. The
density of solution is 1.127 kg/L. Find the a. molarity b. molality c. normality d. kg
solute/kg solution e. mole fraction of solvent f. ppm of NaCl
3. A gas mixture has the following composition. C2H4 = 30.6%, C6H6 = 24.5%, O2 =
1.3%, CH4 = 15.5%, C2H6 = 25%, N2 = 3.1%. Find (a) average molecular weight (b)
composition in mass percent (c) density at STP