Prepared by:

Castillo, Andy
Mikesh, Jennifer Lynnette
Ola, Arman
Highway Safety, Safety Analysis
Adopted by Civil Engineers
Introduction:
The main purpose of adopting safety measures for highways and road sides is:

To reduce no. of accidents,

To facilitate safer journey,
To increase the quality of transit system,
To maintain the regular traffic flow.
Safety Methods Adopted by Civil Engineer
Cross Section
Rumble Strips
Design of Roadside
Junctions
Linear villages
Roundabouts
Traffic calming road design
Innovative Interchange and Intersection design
Traffic signs
Pedestrian Crossing
Barriers
Cross section
The main elements of a road cross section are:
The pavement with the vehicle lanes, edge strip and markings

The emergency zone and obstacle free zone

The embankment and cutting slopes
 The width of the cross section is determined by the pavement related to the
number of lanes
The required width of the edge strip
The shoulders and earthwork slopes and depth

Rumble Strips
To reduce the number and severity of roadway departure crashes, or run-off-the-
road and cross center line crashes on 2-lane, rural, undivided roads.
Rumble Strips (cont)
Shoulder rumble strips:

Placed on highway shoulders along the edge of the travel lane, to prevent single vehicle
run-off-the-road crashes.
Center line rumble strips:
Placed on or near the center line, to prevent head-on crashes and opposite direction
sideswipe crashes. They can also be helpful to prevent some crashes when a driver veers across
the center line
Rumble Strips (cont)
Advantages:
Alert drivers upon drifting or deviation.
The reflective paint helps to increase visibility.

Reduce the number of crashes.

Design of Road-Side
Design of road side must comply the following essential requirements:
The road must be free from ditches and screeding should be done properly.

Shoulders and edge strips must be provided.

Super elevations must not be too steep.

Design of Road-Side (cont)

Avoid sharper turns.

Emergency zones/lanes must be provided.

Wider Obstacle free zones to reduce the risk in case of road run-off accidents.
Junctions
A road junction is a location where multiple roads intersect, allowing vehicular traffic to
change from one road to another.
A road junction has to fulfill following requirements:
i. Visible
ii. Oversee-able
iii. Comprehensible
iv. Completeness
Linear Villages
A linear village is that part of a (transit) road which lies within a built-up area.
Passing a road from public areas must comply with the special safety needs:

i. Pedestrian Safety
ii. Speed reduction measures
iv. Footpaths, side railings and shoulders
v. Avoid Sharp turns and blind corners
Traffic Calming Road Design
Originated in Europe over 35 years ago.

Intended to calm (or slow down) traffic.

Used primarily as a safety measure on low volume & low speed roadways.

Traffic calming may involve physical changes" to the roadway that slow traffic down.
Some examples:
Innovative Interchange and Intersection Design
Using innovative design interchanges & intersections to help move large volumes of
traffic through limited amounts of space safely and efficiently.
Following are the main types:

i. Diverging Diamond Interchange (DDI)

ii. Echelon Interchange
iii. Single Point Interchange (SPI)
Traffic Signs
Traffic signs or road signs are signs erected at the side of or above roads to give
instructions or provide information to road users.
Traffic signs generally:

Control the flow of traffic

Warns about hazards ahead
Guide to destination
Informs roadway services.
Traffic signs are intentionally color coded to assist the operator.

In traffic signs, fluorescent material is used.

Various sign boards are used, such as:

i. Stop & Yield Sign Boards

A STOP sign is a traffic sign to notify drivers to completely halt while YIELD means to
slow down to at a point
ii. Warning Signs
Alerts to hazards or changing in conditions such as changes in road layout, proximity to a
school zone, sharp turns etc.
iii. Guide signs
Indicates route markers, distance-and-destination signs, and informational signs.

iv. Construction & Maintenance Road Work Warnings

The work areas are protected from traffic by orange (or yellow) warning signs during the
construction or repairing works.
Help to guide pedestrians and vehicle traffic safely through a work zone and past any
hazards.
Roundabouts
A roundabout is a type of circular intersection or junction in which road traffic flows
almost continuously in one direction around a central point.