Expt. No.

: Date:

STUDY OF HYDRAULIC JUMP AS ENERGY DISSIPATOR.

Objective:
1. To determine the percentage dissipation of energy due to hydraulic jump both experimentally
& analytically.
2. To study the variation of percentage dissipation of energy (i.e. relative loss) with Froude
number of the supercritical flow.
Introduction:
Hydraulic jump is a phenomenon in case of open channel flow in which the flow changes
abruptly from supercritical state to subcritical flow under the condition favourable for its
formation. There is an abrupt increase in the depth of flow at the hydraulic jump accompanied by
violent turbulence, eddy formation& thereby considerable loss of energy. The loss of energy at
the hydraulic jump is usually referred as dissipation of energy. Flow under the sluice gate, flow
near the toe of the spillway are some of the examples where there is a possibility of occurrence
of hydraulic jump with the deliberate formation of hydraulic jump near the foot of spillway. The
excess kinetic energy of flows can be dissipated and the damage to its foundation can be
prevented. Thus, hydraulic jump is useful as an energy dissipator.
Theory:
Actual loss of energy or dissipation of energy at the hydraulic jump can be found out by
applying the Bernoullis equation, i.e. E=E1-E2 for horizontal channel.
In the laboratory flume, this actual loss of energy can be obtained by measuring the
supercritical depth y1, subcritical depth y2 & the discharge Q.
Analytically, the loss of energy for hydraulic jump in a horizontal rectangular channel
can be obtained by applying momentum equation along with Bernoullis equation and neglecting
friction in the following form,
E= (y2-y1)3/4y1y2
In the above formula, for given values of Q and y1, the values of y2 can be obtained by using the
formula,
1+8 Fr1 2
y2/ y1= (1/2) [-1+ )]

Where,
gy
Fr1= v1/ 1)

gy 3
=q/ 1 )

Relative loss E is a function of F1, which can be written as,

1
 E/E1= [ (1+8Fr12) -3]3/ 8[(1+8F12)-1][2+F12]
The energy dissipation E can now be expressed as a percentage of energy in the
supercritical region i.e. (E/E1)100 for both cases.

Experimental equipment:
A closed circuit tilting flume equipped with storage tank, measuring tank, centrifugal
pump, two pointer gauge, weights, stop watch etc.
Procedure:
1. Set the tilting flume to a zero bed slope.
2. Start the centrifugal pump & allow the full discharge to pass through the flume by closing
bypass valve completely.
3. Ensure the formation of steady hydraulic jump by adjusting the upstream & downstream
control gates of the flume.
4. Measure the depth of flow in the supercritical & subcritical region with the help of pointer
gauges.
5. Measure the discharge passing through the flume with the help of a measuring tank
arrangement of the flume.
6. Repeat the procedure in steps (3), (4) & (5) above, for sufficient number of observations, every
time by decreasing the discharge with the help of a bypass valve.
Experimental data:
1. Width of tilting flume (B) =
2. Bed slope of tilting flume (S0) =
3. Bed reading of tilting flume in a supercritical region (h1) =
4. Bed reading of tilting flume in a subcritical region (h2) =
5. Area of tank = (A )
Observation table:
Sr. No. Final pointer Height of water Time to collect
gauge reading collected in
tank water in Tank

h (cm) t (sec)

Supercritical Subcritical
region H1 region H2
(cm) (cm)

2
Calculation table 01:
Sr. Sub Super Actual Velocity at Velocity at Specific Specific
No. Discharge subcritical supercritical energy at energy at
critical critical zone zone subcritical supercritical
Depth Q (m3/s ) zone zone
depth V2 ( m/s ) V1 ( m/s )
Y2 = E2 ( m) E1 ( m)
Y1 =
H2 h2 (cm)
H1 h1 (cm)

Calculation table 02:

Sr. E = Fr1 Fr2 Height Length Power lost Relativ Efficiency
No. of jump of jump e loss= of Jump
E1- E2 P=QE E/ E1 (E2/E1)100
Hj = Lj =

3
 Y2- Y1 6.9Hj (%)

Formulae:
1. Supercritical Depth = Y1=H1-h1
2. Supercritical Depth = Y2=H2-Y2
3. Actual Discharge = Q= (A h) / t
4. V1=Q/ (B/100) (Y1/100)
5. V2=Q/ (B/100) (Y2/100)
6. E1=Y1+ (V12/2g)
7. E2=Y2+ (V22/2g)
8. Loss of energy = E= E2-E1
9. Relative Loss = (E/E1)100
10. Fr1= V1/gY1
11. Y2= (Y1/2) (-1+8Fr1+1)
12. Fr2= V2/gY2
13. Height of jump (Hj=Y2- Y1)
14. Length of jump (Lj=6.9 Hj )
15. Power lost (P=QE)
16. Efficiency of Jump= (E2/E1)100

Graphs:
1. Plot graph of Specific Energy V/s Depth