About the Contributors
Susan L. Ames is a research associate at
the Transdisciplinary Substance Abuse
Prevention Research Center at the Institute
for Health Promotion and Disease Preven-
tion Research, Keck School of Medicine,
University of Southern California. Her
research emphasis is on the mediation of
implicit processes and competing social, per-
sonality, and cultural constructs in the etiol-
ogy and prevention of risk behaviors among
at-risk youth and adults. Her research
focuses on new assessments and prediction
models of substance abuse as well as harm
reduction strategies for addictive behaviors.
Additional interests include neurobiological
systems and brain structures associated with
implicit processes and addictive behaviors.
Timothy B. Baker is a professor of psychology
at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and
the director of research at the Center for
Tobacco Research and Intervention in the
University of Wisconsin Medical School. In
addition, he is currently the editor of the
Journal of Abnormal Psychology. Dr. Baker
conducts research on the motivational mecha-
nisms of addiction, and on psychosocial and
pharmacologic treatments for addictive disor-
ders, especially tobacco dependence.
Antoine Bechara is an associate professor
of neurology at the University of Iowa
Hospitals and Clinics. His research focuses
on understanding the neural processes under-
lying how we make decisions and choices.
He is known for his development of what
became known as the Iowa Gambling Task
(IGT), and for his studies of the decision-
making capabilities of patients who have
suffered injury to the ventromedial sector
of their prefrontal cortex. His more recent
research aims at integrating decision neuro-
science with research in mental health, specif-
ically substance addiction.
Kent C. Berridge is a professor in the
Department of Psychology at the University
of Michigan. His research interests span top-
ics in affective neuroscience and hedonic
psychology: emotion and motivation, brain
systems for reward-liking and -wanting, neuro-
biology of pleasure, addiction, appetite, fear
and stress and several other biopsychology top-
ics, executive brain systems of action syntax,
behavioral command systems, cognitive neuro-
science, and animal neuroethology.
Cheryl D. Birch is a doctoral student in clin-
ical psychology at Dalhousie University in
Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Her disserta-
tion research, supervised by Dr. Sherry
Stewart, concerns the impact of emotions
and drinking motives on alcohol cognition
and consumption behavior.
Jan Booij (MD, PhD) is a nuclear medicine
physician and works as a staff member at
the Department of Nuclear Medicine at the
Academic Medical Center of the University of
Amsterdam, The Netherlands. He is involved
in preclinical as well as clinical research
on neuroreceptor imaging with SPECT,
with a special interest in disturbances of the
central dopaminergic neurotransmission
system in parkinsonism, schizophrenia, and
addiction. In addition, he participates in
large research projects on the possible neu-
rotoxicity of ecstasy on the serotonergic
system.
541
542 HANDBOOK OF IMPLICIT COGNITION AND ADDICTION
Brendan P. Bradley is a professor of clinical
psychology research and a director of the
Centre for the Study of Emotion and
Motivation at the University of Southampton,
United Kingdom. He previously held aca-
demic posts in the Department of Experimen-
tal Psychology, University of Cambridge, and
the Institute of Psychiatry, London. He is joint
editor of the British Journal of Clinical
Psychology and consulting editor of Emotion.
His research is primarily concerned with
applying theoretical models and experi-
mental methods from the fields of cognitive
psychology and neuroscience to the study of
addiction and emotional disorders, with a par-
ticular interest in anxiety and depression.
Gillian Bruce was awarded an MA with hon-
ors in psychology in 2001 from the University
of Glasgow, Scotland. She subsequently com-
pleted an MSc in research methods in psycho-
logical science and currently holds an
Economic and Social Research Council
Postgraduate Studentship in the Psychology
Department at the University of Glasgow. She
is interested in the study of eye movements in
relation to selective attention toward alcohol-
related stimuli.
Mark Conner is a reader in applied social
psychology at the Institute of Psychological
Sciences, Leeds University, United Kingdom.
His research interests include attitude-behav-
ior models, and the social psychology of
health behaviors. He has published widely in
these areas.
Patricia J. Conrod is a clinical lecturer and
Action on Addiction fellow at the National
Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry,
Kings College, London. Her research interests
focus on biological and psychological approa-
ches to personality in relation to the etiology of
addictive behaviors, ranging from laboratory
experimental studies to studies of targeted
intervention and prevention.
Kate Coronges is a graduate research assis-
tant at the Institute for Prevention Research
at the University of Southern California. Her
main research interest is in the interaction
between social and cognitive domains. She is
currently involved with projects applying
social network analysis to theories of infor-
mation processing.
Kenny Coventry is a reader in cognitive
science at the University of Plymouth, United
Kingdom. He has had a long-standing inter-
est in why some gamblers lose control of
their gambling behavior. In particular, he is
interested in the role of decision making and
its relationship with dissociation and arousal
during the gambling process.
W. Miles Cox is professor of psychology of
addictive behaviours, School of Psychology,
University of Wales, Bangor, United Kingdom.
He is the founding editor of Psychology of
Addictive Behaviors (American Psychological
Association [APA]) and past president of the
APA Division on Addictions. His research
and clinical activities focus on the interplay
between drinkers incentives in other life areas
and their motivation to drink alcohol. A fellow
in the American Psychological Association and
a charter fellow in the American Psychological
Society, Cox is the author of more than 100
publications, and the editor of four books.
Eveline A. Crone is an assistant professor
of developmental psychology at Leiden
University in The Netherlands. Her research
focuses on neurocognitive development of
control and self-regulation. She has developed
child-friendly tasks based on the neuropsy-
chological and cognitive literature (e.g., the
Hungry Donkey Task, a child-version of the
Iowa Gambling Task). To augment perfor-
mance measures that are associated with
self-regulation, she uses heart rate and skin
conductance measures as indices of autonomic
arousal, and neuroimaging techniques (fMRI)
in children and adults.

John J. Curtin is an assistant professor in
the Psychology Department at the University
of Wisconsin-Madison. Dr. Curtin completed
his undergraduate and graduate training at
Johns Hopkins and Florida State Universities,
respectively. He also completed a predoctoral
clinical internship at Brown University. His
research examines the contributions of affec-
tive and cognitive processes to alcohol and
drug use, abuse, and dependence. His work
draws heavily on current research in clinical
psychology and cognitive and affective neuro-
science.
Jack Darkes is a clinical psychologist and
the associate director of the Alcohol and
Substance Use Research Institute at the
University of South Florida. He has published
numerous articles and book chapters on the
application of expectancy theory to substance
use. His specific areas of interest are the
mediational role of expectancies, the design
and testing of expectancy theorybased
strategies for behavior change, and the
role of expectancy in postconsumption
behavior. Dr. Darkes also serves as an assistant
editor for the journal Addiction and on the
editorial board of Psychology of Addictive
Behaviors.
Jan De Houwer is professor of psychology
at Ghent University in Belgium. Before
that, he was a lecturer at the University
of Southampton, United Kingdom, and
obtained his PhD at the University of Leuven
in Belgium. His main research interests are
automatic affective processing and human
associative learning, including the learning
of preferences. One of his main contributions
to research on automatic affective processing
has been the development of the Extrinsic
Affective Simon Task (EAST).
Peter J. de Jong is professor of experimen-
tal psychopathology at the University of
Groningen, The Netherlands. The main focus
of his research is on the role of automatic
About the Contributors 543
versus controlled cognitive processes in the
origin and maintenance of various forms of
psychopathology including anxiety disorders,
eating disorders, and addiction.
Roland Deutsch is currently a postdoctoral
researcher at the Ohio State University.
In 2003, he received his PhD in social psy-
chology from the University of Wrzburg,
Germany. His research is focused on evalua-
tive learning, automatic evaluation, and the
automatization of social-cognitive skills. In
collaboration with Fritz Strack, he has devel-
oped a dual-system model of social cognition
and behavior.
Jonathan St. B. T. Evans is professor of
cognitive psychology at the University of
Plymouth, United Kingdom. Since the early
1970s, he has conducted a major research
program into thinking, reasoning, and deci-
sion making. He has over 150 scientific
publications, which include numerous exper-
imental studies of reasoning and judgment.
He has made particular study of cognitive
biases and established some of the major phe-
nomena. He has also been one of the major
authors contributing to the development of
contemporary dual-process theories of think-
ing and reasoning.
Javad S. Fadardi is assistant professor of psy-
chology at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad,
Iran. His research interests are linked to moti-
vational bases of implicit cognitive processes
involved in various types of psychopathology
and health behaviors. He completed his BA and
MA studies in clinical and health psychology in
Iran, and his PhD and postdoctoral studies in
the United Kingdom. He is a member of the
Iranian Psychological Association and has pub-
lished several articles and books in both Persian
and English.
Matt Field is a lecturer in psychology at
the University of Liverpool, United Kingdom.
He is a member of the British Association
544 HANDBOOK OF IMPLICIT COGNITION AND ADDICTION
for Psychopharmacology and his research
interests include cognitive and learning
mechanisms in substance abuse and addic-
tion. He obtained his DPhil from the
University of Sussex in 2001 while under the
supervision of Professor Theodora Duka,
and he subsequently worked as a research
fellow at the University of Southampton
with Professors Karin Mogg and Brendan
P. Bradley.
Mark T. Fillmore is an associate professor
of psychology at the University of Kentucky.
His research examines how acute drug effects
on basic cognitive and behavioral processes
play a role in the development of substance
abuse and drug addiction. His work com-
bines measures of cognitive functions with
conventional assessments of drug-abuse
liability in studies of individuals with and
without histories of drug abuse. He has pub-
lished extensively in the substance-abuse field
and is an active member of several societies,
including the American Psychological Associ-
ation and the College on Problems of Drug
Dependence.
Ingmar H. A. Franken is assistant professor
at the Institute of Psychology of the Erasmus
University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. He
trained as a clinical psychologist at Maastricht
University. He completed his doctorate on
cognitive and psychopharmacological mech-
anisms of drug craving at the Faculty of
Medicine of the University of Amsterdam.
His major research interest is the role of
the reward system in psychopathology and
personality. More specific topics include
addiction, psychopharmacology and psycho-
physiology of reward, and reward-based deci-
sion making.
Mark S. Goldman is associate director
of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse
and Alcoholism (NIAAA), and Distinguished
Research Professor and director of the
Alcohol and Substance Use Research
Institute at University of South Florida
(USF). He received his PhD in January 1972
from Rutgers University, and has been on the
faculty at Wayne State University (19731985)
and USF (since 1985). He is a Fellow of
Divisions 3, 6, 12, 28, and 50, and a member
of Division 40 of the American Psychological
Association. In 1992, he received a MERIT
Award from the NIAAA.
Abby L. Goldstein is currently an intern at the
Brown University Clinical Psychology Training
Consortium and is completing her PhD at
York University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Ms. Goldsteins research interests include the
cognitive and behavioral choice mechanisms
underlying alcohol use and the development
and evaluation of brief interventions for sub-
stance abuse and violence.
Jerry L. Grenard is a graduate research assis-
tant at the Institute for Health Promotion
and Disease Prevention Research at the
University of Southern California. His spe-
cific interest is in memory associations and
implicit cognition as applied to drug-abuse
prevention among adolescents.
Dirk Hermans is a professor of psychology
at the Center for the Psychology of Learn-
ing and Experimental Psychopathology,
Department of Psychology, University of
Leuven, Belgium. His research work focuses
on associative and memory processes and
their impact on the etiology and mainten-
ance of emotional disorders (anxiety and
depression).
Katrijn Houben is currently finishing her
PhD at the University of Maastricht, The
Netherlands, under the supervision of
Dr. Reinout Wiers. The main focus of her
project was investigating the role of implicit
and explicit cognitions in the etiology and
maintenance of addictive behaviors (primar-
ily alcohol addiction). During this period, she
mainly concentrated on the value of implicit

techniques to assess alcohol-related cogni-
tions. Her research interests include further
development and validation of implicit mea-
surement techniques that can be applied in
addiction research and studying models of
addiction etiology.
Barry T. Joness undergraduate and post-
graduate degrees were awarded by Durham
and Edinburgh Universities in the United
Kingdom. His early research was in the area
of rat and monkey vision and his first faculty
appointment was as lecturer in psychology
at St. Andrews University in Scotland. He
was subsequently given a personal chair in
psychology at Glasgow University, also in
Scotland, where he currently remains. After
a midcareer shift in research interests to
modeling clinical decision making in the
mental health sector, he now researches
the cognitions of the clients themselves
particularly in relation to alcohol, cannabis,
and sleep problems.
Merel Kindt is professor of experimental clin-
ical psychology at the University of
Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Her research
focuses on experimental models of anxiety
disorders such as Posttraumatic Stress Dis-
order and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder,
information-processing and anxiety disorders,
emotional memory, and mechanisms of
change to reduce emotional disorders.
Eric Klinger is professor of psychology at
the University of Minnesota, Morris and
(adjunct) Minneapolis. His research activities
focus on motivational processes, especially as
these and emotional processes influence
attention, recall, and the content of thoughts
and dreams. He has contributed to basic the-
ory of motivation and its extension to sub-
stance use, treatment of alcoholism, and
depression. A fellow of the American Asso-
ciation for the Advancement of Science and
of the American Psychological Association,
and a charter fellow of the American
About the Contributors 545
Psychological Society, Klinger is the author of
more than 100 publications, including four
books.
Barbara J. Knowlton received her BA in
psychology in 1984 from Johns Hopkins
University, where she was awarded the
G. Stanley Hall prize. She received her PhD
in neuroscience from Stanford University in
1990. In 1995, she was appointed assistant
professor in the University of California, Los
Angeles, Psychology Department and was
promoted to associate professor with tenure
in 2001. Since 2004, Her current research
focuses on memory systems in the brain.
Specific projects include functional neu-
roimaging studies of implicit, or unconscious,
learning and neuroimaging studies of the
encoding and retrieval of episodic memories.
Marvin D. Krank is dean of graduate studies
and professor of psychology at the
University of British Columbia Okanagan,
Canada. Dr. Kranks research focuses on the
role of learning and cognition in substance
abuse. His past work includes studies of
learning and drug tolerance, models of
addiction, and adolescent substance-use ini-
tiation. With colleagues, including Anne-
Marie Wall and Abby Goldstein, he recently
completed data collection for the Project on
Adolescent Trajectories and Health (PATH).
PATH is a 3-year longitudinal study of the
social and cognitive antecedents of adoles-
cent risk-taking behaviors and their health
consequences.
Rebecca J. Lawton is senior lecturer in health
psychology at the Institute of Psychological
Sciences, University of Leeds in the United
Kingdom. Lawton is also a chartered health
psychologist. Her research interests include
understanding and predicting risky health
and safety behaviors. She has published
widely in this area in both mainstream and
applied journals. She has also held grants
546 HANDBOOK OF IMPLICIT COGNITION AND ADDICTION
funded by the Economic and Social Research
Council, the National Health Service
Regional, and the Department of Health.
G. Alan Marlatt is professor of psychology
and director of the Addictive Behaviors
Research Center at the University of
Washington. He received his PhD in clinical
psychology from Indiana University in 1968.
After serving on the faculties of the University
of British Columbia, Canada (19681969),
and the University of Wisconsin (19691972),
he joined the University of Washington fac-
ulty in the fall of 1972. His major focus in
both research and clinical work is the field of
addictive behaviors.
Danielle E. McCarthy is a clinical psychology
PhD candidate working under the super-
vision of Timothy Baker, PhD, at the
University of WisconsinMadison. She has
been awarded pilot research grants to study
the effects of nicotine dependence, nicotine
abstinence, and stress on attention and to
explore the feasibility of an intensive treat-
ment for smokers adapted from exposure
and response prevention treatments for anx-
iety. She also conducts research exploring
smoking-cessation treatment mediation and
nicotine-withdrawal dynamics at the Univer-
sity of Wisconsin Medical School Center for
Tobacco Research and Intervention.
Cathy L. McEvoy is a professor of aging stud-
ies at the University of South Florida. Her
research focuses on memory and aging,
emphasizing how individuals use preexisting
knowledge to augment age-related declines in
memory for recently experienced information.
Normal aging is marked by decrements in
ability to recall recent experiences, while main-
taining relatively stable knowledge and vocab-
ulary, and Dr. McEvoys research suggests that
this stable knowledge becomes critical to
remembering recent events as people age.
Other research has focused on knowledge uti-
lization in deaf and hearing-impaired adults.
Karin Mogg is a professor of psychology
at the University of Southampton, United
Kingdom, and a director of the Centre for the
Study of Emotion and Motivation. Her main
research interests concern cognitive proces-
ses in emotional disorders and addiction,
and her work is largely supported by
the Wellcome Trust. Recent awards and
appointments include Wellcome Senior
Research Fellow, editor of the British Journal
of Clinical Psychology, and consulting editor
for the Journal of Abnormal Psychology.
Previously, she worked in the Department
of Experimental Psychology, University of
Cambridge, and also in London (Guys and
St. Georges Hospitals) in both clinical and
research settings.
Ronald Mucha is an addiction scientist living
in Stuttgart, Germany, with research based
in the Department of Psychology, University
of Wrzburg. Trained in physiological psy-
chology and learning at the University of
British Columbia and in behavioral phar-
macology and addiction at the University
of Toronto, he has conducted systematic
research on drug dependence using exper-
imental models ranging from isolated tissue
out of the guinea pig, to rats in Skinner
boxes, to schoolchildren learning to smoke.
His numerous international publications
reflect a specific interest in adaptation and
learning produced by substances of abuse
and how these modulate the risk of future
drug consumption. He teaches courses on
these topics at the University of Wrzburg
and at the Institute of Medical Psychology,
University of Tbingen.
Douglas L. Nelson is a Distinguished
Research Professor in the Department of
Psychology at the University of South Florida.
His research focuses on memory and cogni-
tion, with a specific emphasis on the influence
of preexisting knowledge on the recall and
recognition of recently experienced informa-
tion. This work is formalized in a model of

cued recall and recognition called PIER, for
Processing Implicit and Explicit Representa-
tions. This model has been applied to under-
stand the influences of substance abuse,
aging, and deafness on memory.
Xavier Noel is currently a research assistant
and clinical psychologist at the Clinic of
Addictions of the Brugmann University hos-
pital, Brussels, Belgium. He is trained in cog-
nitive-behavior therapy and systemic therapy
and he received his PhD in cognitive psy-
chopathology from the University of Lige,
Belgium. His research is focused on executive
functioning deficits and cognitive biases that
are involved in the development of depen-
dence on alcohol, marijuana, tobacco, and
the relapse. He is currently exploring the rela-
tionship between inhibition functions, atten-
tional biases, and clinical impulsivity in
individuals with alcoholism.
Brian D. Ostafin received his doctorate in
clinical psychology from Boston University
in 2004. He currently holds a postdoctoral fel-
lowship in the Addictive Behaviors Research
Center at the University of Washington Depart-
ment of Psychology. His research interests
revolve around the role of automatic affective
processes in addictive behavior.
Tibor P. Palfai is an associate professor of
psychology at Boston University who studies
psychological mechanisms underlying health
behavior change. His research is primarily on
hazardous/harmful alcohol use among young
adults. The goals of this work are to (1) clar-
ify the influence of cognitive-motivational
factors on alcohol-use patterns, (2) under-
stand the effects of contextual cues on alcohol-
related self-regulatory processes, and (3)
construct intervention strategies to promote
change in hazardous/harmful drinking.
Paul Pauli has been professor and chair of
biological psychology, clinical psychology,
and psychotherapy at the University of
Wrzburg, Germany, since 2001. Research
About the Contributors 547
interests include anxiety disorders, affec-
tive disorders, somatoform disorders, and
addiction as well as emotional influences on
cognitive processes.
Megan E. Piper is a doctoral candidate in
the clinical psychology program at the
University of Wisconsin. She has been work-
ing for the University of Wisconsins Center
for Tobacco Research and Intervention since
1999. Pipers main research interests include
defining, measuring, and understanding
tobacco dependence; characterizing the affec-
tive components of tobacco dependence; and
understanding gender differences in tobacco
dependence. She completed her BA in
chemistry at Carleton College, Minnesota,
and her MA in clinical psychology at Miami
University in Florida.
Constantine X. Poulos is a senior scientist in
the Neuroscience Department at the Center
for Addiction and Mental Health and
professor of psychology at the University
of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. His primary
research interests are behavioral homeostasis
and drug tolerance, addictions, memory pro-
cesses, and impulsivity.
Andrew Prestwich is a senior research officer
in the Department of Psychology at the
University of Essex, United Kingdom. His
research interests cover a diverse range of top-
ics within social and health psychology and
include implicit social cognition and health
behavior promotion. Previously he worked in
the Department of Experimental Psychology,
University of Oxford, as departmental lecturer
in social psychology. He completed his doc-
toral thesis on implementation intentions in
September 2003.
Richard R. Reich, PhD, is the project coordina-
tor of cognitive assessment at the Alcohol and
Substance Use Research Institute (ASURI) and
adjunct professor of psychology, University of
South Florida. His research examines cognitive
processes involved in alcohol expectancies. His
548 HANDBOOK OF IMPLICIT COGNITION AND ADDICTION
current work investigates contextual factors
resulting in alcohol-expectancy activation. He
has presented his research at several departmen-
tal brown-bag and ASURI meetings. Dr. Reich
has served as a reviewer for several journals in
the alcohol field and he is a current member of
the Research Society on Alcoholism.
Terry E. Robinson received his PhD from
the University of Western Ontario, Canada,
and in 1978 he moved to the University
of Michigan, where he is now the Elliot S.
Valenstein Collegiate Professor of Behavioral
Neuroscience and professor of psychology.
He is director of the National Institute
on Drug Abuse Training Program in Neuro-
science at Michigan, and editor-in-chief of
the journal Behavioural Brain Research.
Dr. Robinson is known internationally for
his research concerning the behavioral and
neurobiological consequences of repeated drug
use, and the implications of these for addiction.
Anne Roefs is a postdoctoral research fellow
at the Department of Experimental Psycho-
logy at Maastricht University, The Nether-
lands. Her research is in the field of applied
cognitive psychology. For her PhD dis-
sertation, her research concerned relatively
automatic associations with food in obesity
and eating disorders. In the next few years,
her research will be about selective visual
attention and body image.
Michael A. Sayette is professor of psycho-
logy at the University of Pittsburgh, with a
secondary appointment as professor of psy-
chiatry. His research examines cognitive,
affective, and social processes in addiction,
with an emphasis on tobacco and alcohol.
His current work investigates (1) contextual
factors affecting the experience of cigarette-
craving, (2) emotional factors influencing
the prediction of future craving states and
recall of past craving states, and (3) effects
of alcohol on social bonding processes.
Dr. Sayette sits on several journal editorial
boards and serves, or has served, as associate
editor of the Journal of Abnormal Psychology
and Psychology of Addictive Behaviors.
Kenneth J. Sher is Curators Professor in
the Department of Psychological Sciences at
the University of MissouriColumbia, where
he directs the Alcohol Research Training
Program and has been conducting research in
the etiology and consequences of alcohol
dependence for more than 25 years. He cur-
rently holds a MERIT award from the
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and
Alcoholism (NIAAA) and is a member of
NIAAAs National Advisory Council. He is
a former associate editor of the Journal of
Abnormal Psychology and Psychological
Bulletin and a past president of the Society
for a Science of Clinical Psychology.
Fren T. Y. Smulders is assistant professor at
the Department of Experimental Psychology,
Faculty of Psychology, at the University of
Maastricht, The Netherlands. He obtained
his PhD at the University of Amsterdam in
1993 with a dissertation on the effects of
aging on information-processing stages
and event-related brain potentials. Present
research interests include attention and infor-
mation processing and their modulation by
emotion and personality.
Sherry H. Stewart is professor of psychology,
psychiatry, and community health and epi-
demiology at Dalhousie University in Halifax,
Nova Scotia, Canada. She is currently coordi-
nator of the doctoral training program in
clinical psychology at Dalhousie. She has pub-
lished more than 100 journal articles, several
book chapters, and one book. She holds
a prestigious Investigator Award from the
Canadian Institutes of Health Research to
support her research on different pathways to
substance abuse and comorbid mental health
problems.

Fritz Strack is professor of psychology at the
University of Wrzburg, Germany. His
research interests are in the domains of social
judgment, cognition, and emotion. Together
with Roland Deutsch he has received the
Society for Personality and Social Psychology
Theoretical Innovation Prize for their joint
article Reflective and Impulsive Deter-
minants of Social Behavior. He is a former
editor of the European Journal of Social
Psychology and holds honorary member-
ships in several learned societies.
Wim van den Brink is a professor of psychia-
try and addiction at the Academic Medical
Center at the University of Amsterdam, The
Netherlands, and director of the Amsterdam
Institute for Addiction Research. In the last
decade, his clinical epidemiological interests
have been complemented with biological
research regarding the underlying mechanisms
of addiction and addiction treatment effec-
tiveness. Since 1986, he has been involved in
more than 300 scientific publications and
more than 30 book chapters.
Dinska Van Gucht is a PhD student, funded
by the Geoconcerteerde Onderzoeks Actie
(GOA) that is based on the collaboration of
two research groups in the Department of
Psychology, University of Leuven, Belgium; the
Center for the Psychology of Learning and
Experimental Psychopathology; and the
Research Group for Stress, Health and Well-
Being. The project she is working on focuses on
Pavlovian conditioning and more specifically
on extinction and the return of conditioned
responses. She is particularly interested in these
processes with regard to health-related behav-
iors, for instance, smoking.
Muriel Vogel-Sprott is Distinguished
Professor Emerita and adjunct research
professor in the Department of Psychology,
University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Her research focuses broadly on factors that
alter the behavioral and cognitive impact of
About the Contributors 549
alcohol and other drugs. Her studies examine
the effects of environmental consequences
of drug-induced behavioral impairment and
ensuing learned expectancies that foster tol-
erance, as well as factors that alter the inten-
sity of drug effects on particular cognitive
processes governing behavior. Her publica-
tions include a book on behavioral tolerance
to alcohol and its implications for addiction,
as well as numerous book chapters, research
papers, and monographs.
Anne-Marie Wall is an associate professor
in the Department of Psychology at York
University, Ontario, Canada. Her research
focuses on substance use and abuse and its
overlap with various forms of violence and
health-compromising behaviors. Ongoing
projects are directed at understanding famil-
ial, environmental, societal, and cognitive
determinants of addictive behaviors and
co-occurring maladaptive behavioral patterns.
Andrew J. Waters is an assistant professor
in the Department of Behavioral Science at the
University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer
Center. His research examines cognitive
processes in smoking initiation and smoking
cessation. Dr. Waters conducts laboratory
studies that examine the clinical utility of com-
puterized cognitive tasks administered in
smoking-cessation studies. He also conducts
studies using handheld computers in an
Ecological Momentary Assessment setting,
and studies that investigate genetic associa-
tions with cognitive measures.
Peter Weyers has served as a research associ-
ate in the Department of Psychology,
University of Wrzburg, Germany, since
1989. His research interests include emotional
facial expressions, addiction, stress and cop-
ing, and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity
Disorder.
Henry H. Yin is currently a postdoctoral
fellow at the Laboratory for Integrative
550 HANDBOOK OF IMPLICIT COGNITION AND ADDICTION
Neuroscience, National Institute of Alcohol
Abuse and Addiction. He received his PhD in
cognitive neuroscience from the University of
California, Los Angeles. His work in graduate
school focused on the role of the striatum
in the acquisition and performance of goal-
directed actions, and he is currently con-
ducting research on the pharmacological
modulation of synaptic transmission and
plasticity in the striatum.
Martin Zack is a scientist in the Neuroscience
Department at the Centre for Addiction and
Mental Health and assistant professor of
pharmacology at the University of Toronto,
Ontario, Canada. His research focuses on
pharmacological modulation of addiction-
related semantic memory networks. Most of
his work deals with problem gambling and
problem drinking. The goal of this research is
to advance the development of medications
for these and other addictive disorders by
examining how specific neurochemical probes
influence cognitive processes related to addic-
tive motivation.
Corien Zijlstra is a PhD student in the
Department of Nuclear Medicine at the
Academic Medical Center of Amsterdam. In
December 2002, she graduated in neuropsy-
chology (MSc) from Maastricht University,
The Netherlands. Currently she is working on
her thesis Dopamine and Opiate Craving in
the Human Brain: An Imaging Approach. In
this study, both SPECT and fMRI (3T) are
used to relate instant and chronic drug-craving
to the d2 receptor density and activity, and
brain activity in general.