Pe 1 Uninterruptible Power Systems

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NEMA P E * 1 92 m 6470247 0501909 183 m
STANDARDS PUBLICATION NO.PE 1

D
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NAVONAL ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERSASSOClATON H 2101 L SIREET, N.W., WASHIEIGTON, D.C. 20037

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NEMA P E S 1 92 6470247 0503930 9T5
NEMA STANDARDS PUBLICATION NO. PE 1-1992
UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SYSTEMS
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Published by
National Electrical Manufacturers Association

2101 L Street, NW
Washington, DC 20037
(202) 457-8400
O1992 by National Electrical Manufacturers Association
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
Foreword ............................................ i
purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii
pe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sc0 ii
Section 1 REFERENCED STANDARDS AND DEFINITIONS

Referenced Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Section 2 U P S FUNCTIONALBLOCKSANDCONFIGURATIONS
Introduction to UPS andFunctionalBlocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Functional
Blocks ....................................... 9
UPSConfigurationsUsingSingle-UPSUnits ......................... 10
UPSConfigurationsUsingUPSUnitsinParallel ....................... 12
Section 3 U P S SWITCHES
Genaal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Typesof U P S Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
ApplicationofUPSPowerSwitches ............................. 17
Rated ValuesandPerformance ................................ 21
Section 4 BATTERIES
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Battery
Types ......................................... 23
BatteryLife
Factors ...................................... 23
OptimumBattery Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
ValveRegulated Batteries ................................... 23
Routine
Maintenance ..................................... 23
BatteryChargingDischarging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
BatteryReplacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
BatteryTerminalMaintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Batteries.SpecialSafetyHandling .............................. 24
BatteryStorage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
BatteryOperationMonitoring ................................. 24
Section 5 RATEDVALUESANDPERFORMANCE OF UPS
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Genaal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
ValuesandCharacteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Section 6 TESTING STANDARDS
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
UPSTests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Test 31
TestMeasuringMethodsforInputandOutput ........................ 34
Functional Unit
Tests ..................................... 34
Section 7 RFiCTIFIER/CHARGEX TESTS
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Dielectric
Test ......................................... 35
VoltageAdjustment Test ................................... 35
No-Load Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
TemperatureRise Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Current-Limit Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Short-Circuit
Test ....................................... 36
VoltageRegulationTest .................................... 36
EfficiencyMeasurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
PowerFactorMeasurement .................................. 36
RippleVoltageMeasurement ................................. 36
AudibleNoiseTest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
SurgeWithstandCapabilityTest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
INWRTEiR TESTS
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
CheckingofAuxiliaryDevices ................................ 39
Temperature RiseTest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
RatedContinuous-LoadandLight-LoadTests ........................ 40
AudibleNoiseTest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Output Short-Circuit-CurrentTest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Output VoltageUnbalanceTest ................................ 41
Frequency Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Output OvervoltageTransient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Output Undervoltage Transient ................................ 42
Dielectric
Test ......................................... 42
SERVICE CONDITIONS
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
UsualService Conditions ................................... 43
UnusualEnvironmentalConditions .............................. 43
UnusualElectricalConditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Section 10 INSTALLATION
GeneralInformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Site 45
Initial U P S Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Battery 46
On-SiteInstallationandVerification ............................. 46
UnusualServiceConditions .................................. 46
Batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
U P S InstallationDiagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Maintenance Plan ....................................... 46
Section 11 SAFETY
DesignStandard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Safe
Construction ....................................... 47
Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Safety 49
Maintenance Instructions ................................... 49
APPENDIX A APPLICATIONDATAFORM
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
UserData . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Supplier 53
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NEMA PE*3 7 2 W b470247 0503733 604 W
PE 1-1992
Page i
Foreword
The standardsin this publication represent the technical judgement of the Power Electronics
Section with respect to the performance and construction of Unintermptible Power Systems (UPS).
These standards are based upon sound engineering principles, research tests, records of manufacturers
and field experience. The standards cover both installation and manufacturing criteria obtained from
manufacturers and users.
As future major revisions to this publication are proposed, appropriate individuals and organi-
zations will be canvassed.
Publication No. PE 1-1992 revises and reaffirms the content of NEMA Standards Publication
for U P S No. PE 1-1983. The unchanged NEMA Standards and Authorized Engineering Information
appear in this publication with the original PE 1-1983 date. Those which have been revised are
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followed by their appropriate classification and the date.

The Power Electronics Section of NEMA, through its members, has worked (and continuesto
work) closely with such organizations as the American Society for Testing and Materials (AS"),
the Instituteof Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), and Power Systems Support Committee
of the Industrial Power Systems Department.
The purpose of this publication is to provide manufacturers and users with definitions, provisions
for construction, ratings, a testing schedule, specification outline, and safety considerations of
unintermptible power systems( U P S ) .
User needs have been considered throughout the development and revision of these standards.
The effortsof the members of the Unintermptible Power System Committee was heightened because
of the valuable and appreciated user inputthe from
Government representatives from AT&T, Social
Security Administration, and Departmentof the Navy, Washington Navy Yard. Appropriate gov-
ernment agencies, Underwriters Laboratories Inc., and others willbe consulted for any changes
necessary to keep them up todate with advancing technology.
Proposed or recommended revisions should be submitted to:
Vice President, Engineering Department
2101 L Street, N.W., Suite 300
Washington, D.C. 20037
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NEMA PE*1 9 2 m 6470247 0501914 5YO
PE 1-1992
Page ii
Purpose
This NEMA Standards Publication is adopted in the public interestto provide a standard for
performance and construction and to assist buyers in selecting and obtaining the proper product for
their particular needs.
Recommended safe practices intended to prevent personal injury and property damage arising
out of the installation and use of this equipment are covered more completely in other related safety
publications suchas the Manufacturers Instructions and the National Electrical Code.*
* See 1.1, Referenced Standards
scope
This Standards Publication covers unintermptible power systems (UPS)as it appliesto semicon-
ductor acto ac converter systems with a dedicated dc electrical energy storage capability. The primary
function of the U P S covered by this technical standard is to provide quality and continuity of an
alternating current power source.
This U P S standard can be applied UtoP Sathat is comprised of semiconductor power converters
and rotary power converters (motor-generated sets); however, no technical or application information
regarding rotary power converters is included in this publication.
The U P S standard is intended to define a complete Unintemptible Power System regarding its
overall performance and safety and not individual subsystem functional units.
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NEMA PE*l 9 2 6470247 050L9l5 487
PE 1-1992
Page 1
UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SYSTEMS

Section 1
REFERENCED STANDARDS AND DEFINITIONS
1.1 REFERENCEDSTANDARDS
and are available from the organizations shown below. It is
The following publications are for information purposes
suggested when ordering those documents that the latest edition
be requested.
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

11 West 42nd Street
New York, NY 10036
Power System
ANSI S1.31-1980@1986) Precision Methods for the Determination of Sound Power ofBroad
Level
Band Noise Sources in Reverberation Rooms
ANSI S1.36-1979 Survey Methodfor the Determination of (R1985)Sound Power
ANSI S 1.4- 1983 Specificationfor Sound Level Meters
ANSI/IEEE 32-1972 Neutral Grounding Devices, Standard Requirements, Terminology and
Test Procedure
A N S I E E C62.41-1980 Guide for Surge Voltages in Low-Voltage AC Power Circuits (Formerly
designated IEEE Std 587-1 980)
ANSI/IEEE C62.45-1987 Guide on Surge Testing for Equipment Connected to Low-Voltage AC
Power Circuits
ANSI/C84.1-1989 Voltage Ratingsfor Electric Power Systems and Equipment (60Hz)
ANSI/C92.1-1982 Insulation Coordination
ANSI/C92.2-1987 Power Systems - Alternating-Current Electrical Systemsand Equipment
Operating at Voltages Above 230 Kilovolts Nominal-Preferred Voltage
Ratings
ANSI/IEEE 100-1988 Dictionary of Electrical and Electronic Terms
Storage Batteries
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ANSI/IEEE 450-1987 Practicefor Maintenance, Testing, and Replacement of Large Lead Stor-
age Batteriesfor Generating Stations and Substations
ANSI/IEEE484-1987 Practice for Installation Design andInstallation of Large Lead Storage
Batteries for Generating Stations and Substations
ANSI/IEEE 485-1983 Batteries, Recommended Practice for Sizing Large Lead StorageSor
Generating Stations and Substations
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)

(Available from ANSI)
IEC 146-4(1986) Methods of SpecifVing Performance Test Requirements of UPS

IEC 146-2( 1974) Semiconductor Self-Commutated Converters
IEC 364 Electrical Installations of Buildings
IEC 364-1 (1972) Part I : Scope, Object, and Definitions
IEC 364-2 (1970) Part 2: Fundamental Principles
IEC 364-3 (1977) Part 3: Assessment of General Characteristics
IEC 364-4 Part 4: Protection for Safety
IEC 364-5 Part 5: Selection and Erection of Electrical Equipment
IEC 364-61 (1986) Part 6: Ver@cation. Chapter61:Initial Verjcation
IEC 364-7 Part 7:Requirements for Special Installations or
Locations
NEMA P E S 1 92 m 6470247 05019Lb 313 m
PE 1-1992
Page 2
IEC 664 (1980) Insulation Coordination Within Low-Voltage Systems Including Clear-
ances and Creepage Distances for Equipment
E C 664A (1981) First Supplement
IEC 555-2-1988 Disturbances in Supply Systems CausedBy Household Appliances and
Similar Electrical Equipment Part 2: Harmonics
IEC 950 Data Processing Equipment
Deutsches Institutfor Normung e.V (DIN)

(Available from ANSI)
DIN VDE0871m.78-1978 Limits ofRadi0 Interferencefrom Radio-FrequencyApparatusandlnstal-

lations
DIN VDE 0871 part 1-1985 Radio Interference Suppressionof Radio Frequency Equipment,for In-
dustrial, Scientific and Medical(ISM) and Similar Purposes
DIN VDE 0871 part 1-1982 Limits and Methods of Measurement of Radio Interference Charac-
teristics of Indwtrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) Radio Frequency
Equipment
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

345 East 47th Street
New York, NY 10017
IEEE428- 1981 Dejnitions and Requirementsfor Thyristor AC Power Controllers

IEEE 446- 1987 Emergency and Standby Power Systems for Industrial and Commercial
Applications
IEEE493-1980 Recommended Practice forDesign ofReliable Industrial and Commercial
Power Systems
IEEE 519-1981 Guidefor Harmonic ControlandReactive Compensation of Static Power
Converters
IEEE 928-1986 Terrestrial Photovoltaic Power Systems
IEEE944-1986 Recommended Practice for the Applicationand Testingof Uninterruptible
Power Suppliesfor Power Generating Stations

2101 L Street, N.W., Suite 300
NEMA PE 7-1985 (R 1992) Communication Type Battery Chargers

NEMA IB 4-1987 Determination of Amperehour and Watthour Capacityof Lead-Acid In-
dustrial Storage Batteriesfor Stationary Service
NEMA IB 5-1987 Life Testing oflead-Acid Industrial Storage Batteries
(WithFree Electro-
lyte)for Stationary Service
NEMA MG 1-1987 Motors and Generators
Panelboards and Distribution Switchboards
NEMAPB 1-1990 Panelboards

NEMAPB 1.1-1991 General Instructions
for Proper Installation, Operation andMaintename
of Panelboards Rated600 Volts orLess
NEMA PB2- 1989 Deadpont Distribution Switchboards
NEMAPB 2.1-1991 General Instructionsfor Proper Handling, Installation, Operation and
Maintenance of Deadpont Distribution Switchboards Rated 600 Volts or
Less
ANSI 2535.1-1991 Safety Color Code
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PE 1-1992
Page 3
ANSI 2535.2-1991 Environmental and Facility Safety Sign Future Standard

ANSI 2535.3-1991 Criteriafor Safety Symbols
ANSI 2535.4-1991 Product Safety Signs and Labels
ANSI 2535.5-1991 Accident Prevention TagsVor Temporary Hazards)
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

Publication Sales Department
Batterymarch Park
Quincy, MA 02269
Handbook-1990 National Electrical Code Handbook

A N S I M A 70-1990 National Electrical Code
A N S I M A 110-1988
OSHA-29CFR1910 Emergency and Standby Power Systems
Underwriters Laboratories Inc.

333 Pfingsten Road
Northbrook, IL 60062
ANSI UL 67-1988 Panel Boards

ANSI/UL 840-1990 Insulation Coordination Including Clearances and Creepage Distances
for Electrical Equipment
ANSI/UL 891-1984 Dead-Front Switchboards
ANSI/UL 924-1983 Emergency Lighting and Power Equipment
ANSI/UL 1012-1988 Power Supplies
Federal Communications Commission

2025 M.Street, N.W. Room 7122
47CFR-Part 15, Subpart B-RFI/EMZ-October, 1989
National Technical Information Service

U.S. Department of Commerce/
National Bureau of Standards
Springfield, VA 22161
FIPS PUB 94-1983 Guideline

Electrical
onPower for ADP Installations
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(Federal Information Processing Standards Publication)
1.2 DEFINITIONS
IEEEin
Definitions marked with an asterisk(*) are identical to those contained Standard
the Dictionary of Electrical and
Electronics Terms,ANSI/IEEE Std 100-1988.NEMA has obtained reprint permission from
IEEE.
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE AUTOMATIC CONTROL

The temperature of the medium such as air or liquid in Control of an operation without human intervention, in
which the U P S operates. response to the occurrence of predetermined conditions.
APPARENT POWER" BAlTERY
Theproductoftheroot-mean-squarecurrentandtheArechargeableelectrochemicalenergystoragedevice
discharged,
direct-current
produces
root-mean-square
when
electrical
that
voltage.
energy froma chemical reaction and can
be recharged by
PE 1-1992
Page 4
reversing the chemical reaction with direct-current electri- DEVIATION

cal energy. Any departurefromadesiredorexpectedvalueor
pattern.
BATTERY CHARGER
A device for changing alternating-current power to di- DC LINK
rect-current power for the purpose of charging a battery. The direct-current power interconnection between rec-
tifier or rectifier/charger and inverter functionalunits.
BATTERY, VALVE-REGULATED
A battery in which the venting of the products of elec- DIELECTRIC TESTS*
trolysis is controlled by areclosingpressure-sensitive Tests which consist the of application of a voltage higher
valve. than the rated voltage for a specified time to verify the
dielectric withstand strength of insulation materials and
BATTERY, VENTED
spacing.
A battery in whichtheproductsofelectrolysisand
evaporation are allowed to escape freely to the atmos- DIELECTRIC WITHSTAND STRENGTH
phere. The specified voltage or potential gradient below which
a dielectric material will continue to resist electrical cur-
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BATTERY END VOLTAGE

rent flow.
The lowest battery voltage at which U P Samay operate.
DISPLACEMENT POWER FACTOR
BREAK-TIME
The displacement component of power factor; the ratio
The interval of time between the initiation of the opening of the real power of the fundamental wave to the apparent
of a U P S switch and the instant when current ceases to power flow of the fundamental wave.
in the power circuit.
DC ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM
BURKIN"
A system consisting of single or multiple devices (typi-
The operation ofunits or systems priorto their ultimate cally batteries) designed to provide the required stored
application intended to stabilize their characteristics and energy time.
to identify early failures.
EFFICIENCY*
BYPASS
The ratioof output power to input power expressed in
A power path around one or more functional units of apercent.
UPS.
ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE (EMI)
BYPASS POWER Unwanted radiatedor conducted electric noise, or both.
Alternating-current power supplied from an ac input to
the ac output via a bypass. ELECTRONIC POWER CONVERTER
An electronic device for changing power in one of the
COMMUTATION following ways:
The transfer of current between various paths of a circuit. AC/DC power converters
DC/AC power converters
CONTINUITY OF LOAD POWER AC/AC power converters
The availability of load power within the limits specified DC/DC power converters
for the load.
ELECTRONIC POWER SWITCH
CREST FACTOR(periodic functional)*
An electronic device which can be controlledto inter-
The CREST FACTOR is the ratio of its crest (peak, connect power circuits.
maximum) valueto its root-mean-square value.
ENERGY RESTORE TIME
CURRENT LIMIT(control)*
The time required by the energy storage means UPS of the
The function that maintains a current within its pre- to be charged to provide a second rated stored energy time
scribed value. after providing rated stored energy time.
PE 1-1992
Page 5
FAULT CURRENT AVAILABILITY LINEAR LOAD

in a circuitas a resultof a low
The current that can flow A load which presents a linear relationship between
impedance fault. voltage and current.
FORCED COMMUTATED ELECTRONIC SWITCH LOAD
Electronic switch where the commutation is by provided A device or devices which receives power from the ac
elecmnic switch or by another output of theU P S .
auxiliary circuitry within the
electronic switch.
LOAD SHARING
FREQUENCY DEVIATION The simultaneous supplying of power to a loadh m two
The cyclic or random variation of instantanmus frequency or more sources connected in parallel.
about a mean frequency during steady-state electrical op-
erating conditions. LOAD TRANSFER TIME
The time required for the transfer of the load from one
HARMONIC DISTORTION power sourceto another.
Distortioncharacterized bythe appearance of harmonics in
addition to the fundamental component. MAKE-TIME
The inmal of time between the initiationthe ofclosing of
HYBRID UPS POWER SWITCH a U P S switch and the instant when the current begins to flow
U P S power switch with mechanical separable contacts in in the power circuit.
combination withat least one electronic controllable valve
device. MANUAL CONTROL
Control of an operation by human intervention.
INPUT AC
Electric power in the form of alternating current (ac) NONLINEAR LOAD
supplied to the U P S and bypass, or both. A load whose voltage and current relationship is not
lini2.X.
INPUT POWER
The ac power expressed in watts supplied to the ac NOMINAL input VALUE
terminals of the U P S . A common value used to identify a parameter but not
necessarily the actual or measured value.
INPUT SOURCE IMPEDANCE
Theimpedanceofthesourceatthein~tte~inalsoftheUPS. OPERATION
The transfer of UPS
a switch from the on to the off state
INRUSH (opening operation) or vice versa (closing operation).
A current higher thanits steady state value drawn by a
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device when initially energizedor activated. OUTPUT CURRENT
The rms current from the U P S output terminals.
INTERRUPTING TIME
The intervalof time during which the output voltage of OUTPUT IMPEDANCE
a U P S is outside of specified limits during operation or The impedance presented by theU P S output terminals
control of the UPS. to a load.
INVERTER OUTPUT POWER
An electronic converterused to convert direct current to The power expressed in watts delivered to the load by
alternating current. the U P S .
LINE COMMUTATED ELECTRONIC SWITCH OUTPUT VOLTAGE
Electronic switch where the commutation is by provided The rms voltage (unless otherwise specified for a par-
the reversalof current in theAC power line. Sometimes of the U P S .
ticular load) at the output terminals
referred to as naturally commutated electronic switch.
OUTPUT VOLTAGE MODULATION
The cyclic variation of instantaneous voltage about a
mean voltage during steadystate operation.
PE 1-1992
Page 6
PHASE ANGLE materials as required to verify during production that the

The angle (usually expressed in electrical degrees)be- product meets the design specifications.
tween reference points on one or more ac wave forms.
SHORT-CIRCUIT OUTPUT CURRENT
POWER" Thecurrentwhichflowsfromthe U P S intoa zero
The time rate of transferring or transforming energy. impedance load.
POWER FACTOR SLEW RATE (FREQUENCY)
The ratio of the total real power
to the apparent power. The rateof change of frequency inHz per second.
PREFERRED SOURCE SOLID STATE SWTCH

The ac power source that delivers power to the load A device that can start or interrupt current flow in an
under normal conditions use of gated (controlled) semicon-
electrical circuit by the
ductor elements rather than physically moving contacts.
PRIME POWER
STANDBY POWER
The power normally continuously available which is
usually supplied by electrical utility company but some- Thepowerintendedtoreplaceprimepowerforthe
times by the user'sown generation. duration of the prime power outage.
PULSE STEP LOAD

A quantity which departs from a fist nominal value, The instantaneous addition or removal of electrical loads
attains a second nominal state and ultimately returns to thea power source.
to
first nominal state.
STORED ENERGY TIME
RATING The minimum time that the U P S will provide continuity
A value, assigned by a manufacturer, for a specified of rated load power (under specified service conditions
parameter. starting with a fully charged energy storage means) in the
absence of ac input until the energy storage means reaches
REAL POWER its specified minimum discharge voltage.
Power that does work (expressed in watts). The instan-
SYNCHRONIZATION
taneous product of voltage and current.
A means by which to achieve the state of synchronism.
RECOVERY TIME (The state where ac systems operate at the Same frequency
The time interval betweena change ina parameter and with a specified phase-angle displacement.)
when the stabilized value of the parameter returns to and
TOLERANCE*
stays within the steady state tolerance.
The total permissible variation of a quantity from a
RECTIFIER" designated value.
Adevice for converting alternatingcurrent to direct-cur-
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION
rent.
The ratio of the root-mean-square (rms) value of all the
RECTIFIEWCHARGER* harmonics to the root-mean-square value of the fundamen-
A U P S component that changes ac current to dc power tal usually expressed in percent.
to feed either an inverter or a battery or both. Usually
TRANSFER
implies that the rectifier output voltage is regulated.
Used to denote the switchingof a load power from one
REDUNDANT power sourceto another.
An intentional repetition of a given function"usual1y Asynchronous
a. Transfer
intended to improve reliability. Transfer of the load power between two power
sources whichare not synchronized.
ROUTINE TEST Synchronous
b. Transfer
Tests made for quality control by the manufacturer on Transfer of the load power between two sources
every device or representative samples, or on parts or which are synchronized.
c. Transfer Time
--`,``,,`,,````,``,,```,,,`,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
PE 1-1992
Page 7
B The interval of time between the initiation of

transfer and the instant the load power is com-
specified degreeof continuity of load powera specified
stored energy time upon ac input failure.
for
pletely transferred from one sourceto another.

UPS SWITCH
TRANSFER SWITCH A switch (electronic or mechanical) used to connect,
A switch usedto m s f e r a load from one power source a U P S or
interrupt, isolate, or transfer power flow within
to another. from a U P S .
TRANSIENT VARIATION
A momentary variation, which ultimately disappears. of a quantity from its mean or
The change in the value
typical value.
TYPE TESF
The performancetests taken on the first machine of each WALK-IN
type of design. by the U P S from
The initial controlled power increase
the ac input.
UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SYSTEM (UPS)
A U P S is a device which provides quality and continuity
ofanacpowersource.All U P S shallmaintainsome
--`,``,,`,,````,``,,```,,,`,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
B
. ~ ~~
NEMA PE*L 92 6470247 0503922 bL7
PE 1-1992
Page 8
--`,``,,`,,````,``,,```,,,`,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
PE 1-i
992
Page 9
D Section 2
UPS FUNCTIONAL BLOCKS AND CONFIGURATIONS
2.1INTRODUCTIONTOUPSANDFUNCTIONAL 2.2
FUNCTIONAL BLOCKS
BLOCKS
2.2.1
RectifierlCharger
An unintermptible power system (UPS), as described in
these standards, is a solid state electronic power system. The rectifier/charger is an electronic power converter
Its primary function is to provide specified continuity and that changes ac power to dc power. If the converter usedis
quality of power to a users equipment inthe event of a only to provide energy to the energy storage means, or
partial or total failure
of the normal sourceofpower,which battery, then the functional building block is termed a
is usually the local electric utility. This is accomplishedcharger.by If the converter is used only to provide powerto
converting some form of stored energy to supply topower an inverter, then the block is termed a rectifier. If the
the users equipment for a specified period of time when converter is used for both functions, then the block is
the utility is no longer available or acceptable. termed a rectifier/charger. Figure
2- 1 illustrates the symbol
The users equipment, typically referred to critical
as the for this functional block.
or protected load, may consist of one piece of equipment
or may be a room or building full of equipment. It is the 2.2.2Energy Storage Means
The energy storage means is the functional building
--`,``,,`,,````,``,,```,,,`,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
equipment that the user has determined needs be to pro-

vided with power which has better continuity and quality block that allows the U P S to be uninterruptible and pro-
than that power whichis normally available. The critical vides energy when the utility, or other primary source of
or protected load is predominately some form of data power is not available. It most commonly is a battery, or
processing equipment, although it may be other equipment group of batteries, but may be some other device capable
such as lighting, instrumentation, pumps or communica- of storing dc energy, such as a capacitor. Figure 2-2 illus-
tion equipment. The stored energy to support this load, trates the symbol for this battery, which will be used to
usually in the form of batteries, may be needed to supply depict this functional block throughout these standards.
B power to the equipment for a specified time which be may
momentary or formany hours. This time interval is com- 2.2.3 Inverter
monly referredto as stored energy time, or backup time. The inverter is an electronic power converter which
A variety of WSes have been developed to meet the changes dc power into ac power. It may be designed to
users requirements for continuity and quality of power to continuously provide power to the critical load from either
different types of loads over a wide range of power, from the battery or rectifier, orit may be designed to provide
less than one hundred watts to several megawatts. The power to the critical load only when the utility is not
design concepts and circuit technologies used by UPS providing adequate power. The inverter be mayneeded to
manufacturers are not defined in these of standard
isolation provide power to a load which operates at a different
switches. frequency than the utility power. Figure 2-3 illustrates the
These functional building blocks in these standards are symbol for an inverter, which willbe used to depict this
described in the following sections. functional block throughout these standards.
Figure 2-1 Figure 2-2

B RECTIFIER/CHARGER BATTERY
NEMA PE83
92
6470247
0503924 49T m
PE 1-1992
Page 10
2.2.4 SingleConversionConverter bypassing internal functions. This bypassing function may

The single conversion converter is an electronic power be performed manually or automatically in the event that
converter that supplies controlled ac power to the load the U P S fails, andmay be performed to allow the typically
while simultaneously maintaining the charge on the bat- higher capacity of the utility to start loads with high inrush
tery whenever ac power is available at the input. When currents, or momentary overloads.Section3describes
various U P S switch configurations. Figure2-5 illustrates
the symbol for this functional block.
2.3 UPSCONFIGURATIONSUSINGSINGLE-
I - / UPS UNITS
be
The functional blocks described in Section 2.2 may
combined into many different configurations, to meet the
requirements of the application. Combinationsand oper-
Figure 2-3
INVERTER
specified ac power is not availableat the input, the con-
verter supplies ac power to the load using energy from the
battery. The significant difference between the single con-
version type of U P S is that the single conversion converter
converts the input ac power directly to output ac power
withoutfirstconvertingtodcpower;whereas,recti-
fierkharger-inverter type of U P S first converts input ac
power to dc power and then back to ac power. The recti-
fierkharger-inverter type of U P S is a double conversion
converter. The single conversion converter alsoisreferred Figure 2-5
--`,``,,`,,````,``,,```,,,`,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
to as a line interactive converter sincethe ac input is UPS SWITCH
directly converted to ac output power without first con-
verting to dc power. The single conversion converter is ating modes may be selected to provide for expanding
defined in these standards, and its symbol is illustrated in loads, to provide redundancy, to take advantage of atb-ib-
Figure 2-4. utes of different U P S technology, or to meet special load
requirements. This section illustrates a few of the more
2.2.5 UPSSwitches commonly used U P S configurations, and describes their
U P S switches are functional blocks that are used to key features.
connect or disconnect various parts of Uthe P S . The U P S To understand the differentU P S configurations and to
switch maybe configured to connect the loadto an alter- facilitate the selectionof a U P S suitable for the applica-
nate sourceof power, or connect the load to the ac input, tion, single UPSes are divided into four major groups listed
below. Multiples of these single-UPS units can be com-
bined to provide increased capacity, or redundancy, as
described in Section2.4.
Group 1-Rectifier-Inverter Configurations without by-
pass.
Group2-Rectifier-InverterConfigurationswithby-
pass.
Group 3 S i n g l e Conversion Converter Configurations
without bypass.
Group -ingle Conversion Converter Configurations
with bypass.
Figure 2-4
SINGLE CONVERSION CONVERTER
NEMA PE*3 7624 7 0 2 4075 0 3 7 2 5 326
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2.3.1Group l-Rectifier-Inverter Configurations,

Without Bypass
Group 1 includes configurations that consistof a recti-
fier/charger, inverter, and battery, but do not have bypass
capability. UPSes in this group are suitable for frequency
converters, or as part of a larger system that consists of
multiple u n i t s with overall bypass capability. To service
the U P S e s with no bypass capability, power to the critical
-V=A-
loadwouldgenerallyhave to be interrupted.Withno
bypass, this type of U P S can supply an output frequency
and voltage thatis independent of theac input. The func- Figure 2-7
tional block diagram for this type of U P S is shown in SIMPLIFIED SYMBOL RECTIFIER INVERTER
Figure 2-6. A simplifiedsymbolthatisfunctionally
utility inputor from an alternate power source in the event
equivalent is shown in Figure2-7.
that the U P S fails, or for maintenance, or to supply load
2.3.2Group 2-Rectifier-Inverter Configurations, inrushes. In order for this type of system to function, the
With Bypass bypass power must be at the same nominal frequency,
phase and voltageas supplied to the load by the inverter.
To accomplish this compatibility, transformers and syn-
chronizing circuitry maybe utilized.
Using the same functional blocks, this type UofP S can
be designed to operate in one of two different modes. In
one mode, power is normally supplied to the load via the
O >
rectifier-inverter, and the bypass power is utilized only
T temporarily for specific purposes. This mode is commonly
referred to as on-line operation. In the second mode,
power is normally supplied to the load via the bypass
switch and the inverter is utilized whenever the bypass
input poweris unsuitable to power the load. This mode of
operation is commonly referredto as off-line operation.
The bypass input may also be supplied by anotherUPS
unit, to provide power of desired continuity and quality if
Figure 2-6 the inverter of thefst U P S unit fails.
RECTIFIER INVERTER UPS WITHOUT BYPASS The functional block diagram for this type of U P S is
Group 2 includes configurations that consistof a recti- shown in Figure 2-8.
as in Group 1,and aUPS
fier/charger, inverter, and battery,
switch used as a bypass is included. This bypass switch
allows power tobe supplied to the load directly fromthe
AC
AC AC
INPUT 0 UPS ..
v >OUTPUT
1 SW
Figure 2-8
RECTIFIER INVERTER UPS WITH BYPASS
--`,``,,`,,````,``,,```,,,`,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
NEMA P E S 3 7 2 = 6470247 0503726 262 =
PE 1-1992
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2.3.3 Group-ingle,ConversionConverter As with single-UPS unit configurations, parallel Ups

Configurations, without Bypass units may be supplied with bypass capabilities, or they
Group 3 includes configurations that consistof the single may be operated as frequency converters with battery
conversion converter without bypass capability. This func-backup. In parallel systems that have bypass capability, the
tional block is described in2.2.4 and includes a battery. bypass ftequency and phase has to be the sameas the UPS
The functional symbol for single conversion converter output. Transformersmay be used to matchtheinput
configuration, withoutbypass is shown in Figure2-4. For voltage to the required output voltage. Parallel U P S e s are
single conversion converter configuration, without bypasstypically used for larger systems, and often additional UPS
to function, the nominal output frequency has to be the switches are provided to isolate portions of the system for
same as the utility input. Transformers or other regulating maintenance while the remainder of the systemis supply-
devices may be used to match the input voltage to the ing the load.
required output. The single conversion converter configu-
ration, without bypass may be designed so that power is 2.4.1 Parallel UPS forCapacity
still supplied to the load from the utility even though the Parallel-for-capacity configuration consists of morethan
inverter function has failed, thus a degree of redundancy one single-UPS unit of configuration 2.3.1 or 2.3.3, placed
may be provided. Ina single conversion converter configu-in parallel to supply higher capacity loads. The parallel
ration, without bypass, the inverter function may operate combination ofU P S units is considered a single U P S and
at its full rating or at a fraction including zero
of the UPS the ac outputs ofall the units are connected to a common
rating during normal operation. point. The battery inputs may be connected to a single
battery, or the individual units may have separate batteries.
2.3.4Group M i n g l e ConversionConverter Examples of this configuration are shown in Figure 2-10
Configurations, with Bypass (A-D).
Group4 includes configurations that consist of the single Aparallel-for-capacity configuration may alsoconsist of
conversion converter with an independent bypass capabil- one or more single-UPS unit rectifier/charger of Figure
ity. Group4 is distinct from the systems in group 3 in that 2-1, connected with an unequal number of one or more
it has independent bypass capability. The functional blockinverters of Figure 2-3 placed in parallelto supply higher
diagram for this UPSis shown in Figure2-9. capacity loads. The resulting combination is treated as one
single-UPSunitandisconsideredto be functionally
2.4 UPSCONFIGURATIONSUSINGUPSUNITS equivalent to Figure 2-1qA-D).
IN PARALLEL
There are two basic reasons to parallel U P S units. One 2.4.2 Parallel UPS for Redundancy
is to supply more powerthan a single-UPS configuration A parallelLfor-redundancyconfigurationusuallycon-
is capable of supplying, this is defined as parallel for sists of more than one single-UPS unit placed in parallel
--`,``,,`,,````,``,,```,,,`,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
capacity. The other reason is to supply continuity of with their ac outputs connected to a common point. Each
power if one or more of the UPS units ina system fails, single-UPS unit is designed such that the remaining units
this is definedas parallel for redundancy. are capable of supplying the load if one single-UPS unit
fails or is disconnected from the system. Each single-UPS
AC
Figure 2-9
SINGLE CONVERSION
CONVERTER UPSWITH BYPASS
AC
INPUT 0
1 T
m
-
AC
AC OUTPUT
INPUT 0 -
2
T
I
AC
INPUT 0 -
3 T
Figure 2-1OA
PARALLEL UPS FOR CAPACITY
unit has to have a disconnect function or means such that or is disconnected from the system. Each functional unit
if one unit fails, that unit can not interfere with the other has to havea disconnect function or means such that if any
unit or units in maintaining the specified continuity of one load unit fails, that unit cannot interfere with the other units
--`,``,,`,,````,``,,```,,,`,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
power. An example of this configuration is shownin the in maintaining the specified continuity of load power.An
block diagram Figure2- 11. example of this configuration is shown in Figure 2-11.
A parallel-for-redundancy configuration may also con- In addition, an added level of redundancy maybe pro-
sist of more than one single-UPS unit rectifier/charger of vided by supplyinga bypass capability. Inputsl , 2, and 3
Figure 2-1,connected with an unequal number of inverters of Figure 2-11 may be the same or different. Redundant
of Figure 2-3 placed in parallel. The functional blocks areinput power may be provided to the UPS byseparate utility
designedsuchthattheremainingunits are capableof sources ora alternate generator.
supplying the load if one rectifier/charger, or inverter fails
NEMA P E * 1 72 W 6470247 0501728 035
PE 1-1992
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AC
INPUT
1
AC AC
INPUT "+ OUTPUT
2
--`,``,,`,,````,``,,```,,,`,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
AC
INPUT
3
-
Figure 2-108
PARALLEL UPSFOR CAPACITY
.- . ~.~.
I
NEMA. PE*3 72 b4702L17 0503727 T 7 3
PE 1-1992
Page 15
D
AC
T
I-
AC
INPUT0
2
AC
INPUT0
3
-
Figure 2-1OC
PARALLEL UPS FOR CAPACITY
AC
INPUT
2
AC
INPUT o rL 'L
3
%
--`,``,,`,,````,``,,```,,,`,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Figure 2-IOD
D PARALLEL UPS FOR CAPACITY
PE 1-1992
Page 16
AC
INPUT0 UPS
1 sw
AC
INPUT0 UPS UPS
2 UNIT A SW A
AC
OUTPUT
AC
INPUT0 UPS UPS
3 UNIT B Svv B
Figure 2-1 1
PARALLEL UPSFOR REDUNDANCY WITH BYPASS
--`,``,,`,,````,``,,```,,,`,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
PE 1-1992
Page 17
Section 3
UPS SWITCHES
3.1 GENERAL semiconductor power switching devices(s) in each toline

The termU P S switches applies to all power switches that be switched.Theswitchesarecommonlyarrangedin
form functional units ofa U P S and are associated with its three-pole configurationsforthree-phaseapplications.
application. Included are interrupters, bypass switches, The principal reason for using a solid-state switch instead
isolating switches, load transfer switches, and tie switches. of equivalent mechanical devices is because of the supe-
These switches interact with other functional units of the rior switching speed, which can be used effectively in
U P S to maintain continuity of load power. Other switches switching power flow ainU P S system without significant
or breakers, such as conventional main distribution boards, interruption of power. The switch is operated electroni-
rectifier input switches, battery disconnect switches, or cally.
other general purpose breakers or switches that are used If the solid-state switchtoisbe used for continuous duty
for convenience or safety are not included in this discus- applications, cooling maybe needed to dissipate the ther-
sion. mal losses of the switching devices.
The information in this section is intended to provide
3.2.5HybridSwitches
description of types of U P S switches, their general char-
acteristics, and common applications. The hybrid U P S switch is a combination of electronic
and mechanical U P S switches. A most common configu-
3.2 TYPES OF UPS SWITCHES ration consists of a solid state switch in parallel with a
The design and constructionU PofS switches range fiom motor operated breaker. The electronic switch provides
the basic manually operated breaker or switch to systems fast response time and the parallel breaker provides low-
that include solidstate switches, motor operated breakers, loss continuous duty.
and automatic controls. The following paragraphs give a
brief description of commonly usedU P S switches.
3.3APPLICATION OF UPS SWITCHES
U P S switches areused in conjunction withU P S in many
3.2.1ManualBreakerOrSwitch configurations anda number of examples of commonly
Manually operated breakers or switches are single or usedconfigurations are showninthefollowingpara-
multi-pole units that are typically standard commercially graphs. For simplicity, the U P S switches are shown in
available devices suitable for a wide rangeof voltage and diagrams as separate units, but in practice,a U P S switch
current applications. The devices are often provided with may be an integral part ofa U P S unit.
auxiliary features such as isolated contacts for remote The following paragraphs describe common U P S switch
signaling and electrically operated trip capability. Aswitch applications.
and fuse combination maybe used in place of a thermal
3.3.1 UPS Switches Used As lntempters
magnetic breaker.
U P S switches used as interrupters are on/off switches in
3.2.2 Electrically Operated BreakerOrSwitch series withU P S units.
The manual breakers and switches described 3.2.1incan Figure 3- 1 shows an interrupter used to disconnect a load
be outfitted with motor or solenoid operators so that the from a U P S output. In someU P S designs, the
UPS inverter
switches canbe turned on andoff by application of motor itself is usedas a U P S interrupter. In that case, the inverter
power and electrical control signals. Auxiliary features is designedto act as an impedance to power flow.
described in3.2.1 are also provided. Figure 3-2 shows U P S interrupters used in a parallel
redundant U P S to connect or disconnect UPS to or froma
3.2.3
Contactors common bus. The interrupters enable operating units to
Contactors are solenoid operated switches provided with remain connectedto the load while a failed unit is instantly
single or multiple poles anda wide range of current and isolated from the load without significant disturbance of
voltage ratings. Auxiliary features such as isolated con- load power.
tacts are commonly provided. 3.3.2 UPS TransferSwitches
3.2.4Solid-stateSwitch A U P S transfer switch consistsof a combination of two
A solid-state switch, sometimes referred to as a static or more U P S switches used to transfer a load from one
switch because it has no moving parts, is comprised ofa power source to another. Depending on the design and
--`,``,,`,,````,``,,```,,,`,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
~-____ . ~
-
NEMA PE*3 92 6470247
0503932 566
PE 1-1992
Page 18
UPS UPS LOAD

AC SVWTCH
INPUT UNIT
Figure 3-1
SINGLE-UPS UNITWITH INTERRUPTER
UPS UPS
AC
INPUT UN IT SWITCH
--`,``,,`,,````,``,,```,,,`,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
UPS UPS
AC
INPUT UNIT SWITCH
Figure 3-2
PARALLEL UPS UNITS WITH INTERRUPTERS
application, the transfer of power canbe switched manu- but the ruggedness and isolation capability of mechanical
ally or automatically either with or without interruption
of switches are needed.
power to the load. Transfer switches maybe used in caseof:
Since transfer switches are made up of the different types a.Peakloadsexceeding U P S inverterrating
of U P S switches, the transfer switches will exhibit differ- b.Providingloadpowerduring U P S maintenance
ent characteristics. Eachtype has different characteristics c.Loadcurrentsurgesortransients(loadinrush
such as transfer time, continuous current and overcurrent currents or fault clearing currents)
rating, isolation of input and output, and either continuous d. U P S functional unit failure.
or intermittent duty. Mechanical switches may be used Depending on application, U P S transfer switches may
where ruggedness and isolation are important: solid state be operated to provided synchronous or asynchronous
switches maybe used where fast response and electronic transfer.
control are desired; and hybrid switches may be used Figure 3-3 shows the use of a U P S transfer switch to
where the fast response of solid state switches is required transfer the load between a U P S unit output and an ac
input. The ac input to the U P S and the ac input to the
NEMA P E S 1 92 W bY70247 0503933 Y T 2
PE 1-1992
Page 19
I"
1
SWITCH
A
AC
INPUT
.
UPS
SWITCH
- I
B I-I
Figure 3-3
UPS UNIT WITH TRANSFER SWITCH
transfer switch (inputs A and B) may be the same power 3.3.3UPSUnitIsolationSwitches
source.Sincethisconfigurationallowstheloadto be U P S isolation switches may be used as auxiliary partsof
connected to the ac input whereby theU P S is bypassed, U P S systems andU P S switches to provide total isolation
this configuration is often referred to as a U P S unit with from power sources for maintenance purposes. Mechani-
bypass. cal switches are used for isolationto provide safety. Figure
This configuration of the transfer switch provides a 3-4 shows a common use of isolation switches.
variety of cotrol options:
a. If mechanical switchesare used primarily to iso- 3.3.4UPSMaintenance Bypass Switch
late the U P S unit for maintenance, the transfer The U P S maintenance bypass switchis used not onlyto
switch (and U P S ) may be designed so that both provide isolation but also to ensure continuity of load
switches maybe on simultaneously, allowing the power. Figure 3-5 shows an example of a U P S mainte-
load to be transferred without interruption.0th- nance bypass switch.
envise, one switch shouldbe opened before the
other is closed, thus causinga load power inter- 3.3.5
Tie
Switches
ruption. U P S tie switches may be used to connect two or more
b. In case of momentary overload, the alternateac U P S units or loads in such a way to provide operating
input switch can be closed momentarily to aug- flexibility especially in redundant or partially redundant
ment theU P S . The switch in series with the UPS systems.Figure 3-6 showsatypical use of UPS tie
unit maybe opened momentarily or may remain switches.
closed so that the momentary overload is shared
between theU P S and the alternate ac input. 3.3.6 UPS Switch Functional Combinations
C. The U P S unit canbe operated in a mode whereby U P S switches canbe combined in different ways. Each
power normally flowsto the load from the alter- U P S switch can perform multiple functions and it is not
nate ac input, but when the acfails, the UPS
input necessary to cascade separate functions. For example, if a
supplies the load. U P S interrupter is capable of performing the isolation
d. In case of sustained or continuous U P S unit over- function, only one switch need be included in the design.
load, load power may be provided via the bypass The types of classification of switches and their applica-
switch until the situation is corrected. tions given in this section is meant tobe a guide and not a
e. Incaseof U P S unit failure, the load may be rigid classification.
transferred to the altemateac input until theUPS
unit is repaired. 3.4 RATED VALUESANDPERFORMANCE
For U P S switches which are not regarded as integral
parts of a U P S , the following rated values and charac-
teristics may be specified by the manufacturer.The rated
--`,``,,`,,````,``,,```,,,`,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
PE 1-1992
Page 20
r i I 1 I
UPS UPS
AC
INPUT UNIT SWITCH
A
J LOAD
AC SWITCH
INPUT
B L"" Figure 3-4
UPS UNIT WITH ISOLATION SWITCHES
UPS TRANSFER
AC
INPUT UNIT SWITCH
A
I
IS0 \ IS0 \ I
SWITCH' SWITCH
AC
INPUT BYPASS
B SWITCH
Figure 3-5
UPS UNIT WITH MAINTENANCE BYPASS SWITCH
--`,``,,`,,````,``,,```,,,`,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
PE 1-1992
Page 21
1 1
TIE 2 I I I
I UPS I I I LOP-
I
TIE 3
Figure 3-6
UPS UNITS WITHTIE SWITCHES
values of thoseU P S switches which are regardedas inte- h. Overload current capability
gral parts of UPSa are matched to the requirements of the i. Break time
U P S and are not specified separately. However, the follow- j. Make time
ing ratings can be used to identify critical requirements of k. Overlap time or interrupt time(fortransfer
U P S switches within an integrated UPS. switches)
Rated Values(if applicable) 1. Repetitive peak off-state voltage
a. Voltage,minimumand maximum m. Non-repetitive peak off-state voltage
b.Numberofpoles/numberofphases n. Off-state leakage current
c.
Continuous current
capability O. On-state voltage drop
d. Cooling requirements (or losses at ratedload) P. Maximum permissible rate of rise of off-state
e. Intermittent
current
rating voltage
f.Maximumcurrent at turn-on
g. Maximumcurrent at turn-off
--`,``,,`,,````,``,,```,,,`,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
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--`,``,,`,,````,``,,```,,,`,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
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Section 4
BATTERIES
4.1 GENERAL maintenance free battery isone in which routine addition

In U P S applications, the battery is the device may which of water is not necessary. These batteries are designed to
be used to store electrical energy by chemical conversion, vent when their internal pressure becomes sufficiently
(CHARGING) and when needed, the battery provides the high. Excessive overcharging, which results in venting,
stored energyto power the load (DISCHARGING). Since will eventually dry out the battery and shorten its useful
the load side ofa U P S is ac, an inverter changes the direct life.
--`,``,,`,,````,``,,```,,,`,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
current from the battery to alternating current.

4.6 ROUTINE MAINTENANCE
Formoredetailedinformation on batteries,refer to
NEMA documents IB-4,IB-5, IB-8, IB-10, and the battery Routine maintenance includes inspection of cables, con-
manufacturers recommendations. nectors and termination tightness, and terminal cleanli-
ness. It may be necessary to periodically disassemble the
4.2 BAlTERY TYPES cable connections from the battery, clean the terminals of
Many types of batteries are used in U P S applications. corrosion, and reconnect the cables. Extreme care is urged
The most commonis the lead-acid battery and its deriva- when performing this operation. High voltages may be
tiva. present.Ineverycase,themanufacturersinstructions
Other types of batteries, such as Nickel Cadmium, mayshould be followed.
be used in some applications. Refer UtoP S suppliers data Battery maintenance should be performedbyonly quali-
for specific recommendations. The two mostcommon fied personnel. Battery maintenance information can be
constructions are valve regulated and vented. supplied by the battery manufacturer.
Battery systems should be designed to allow for routine
4.3 BAlTERY LIFE FACTORS maintenance.
The useful life of a battery may be affected by many
4.7 BAlTERY CHARGINGDISCHARGING
factors:
a. The specific gravity or pH of the electrolyte Batteries shall be charged according to specifications
b. The depth of discharge prescribed by the manufacturer. Recharging the battery at
c. The rate of discharge too higha rate can reduce battery life.
d.Theripplecurrent The charging systemin a U P S shall provide the neces-
e. The float voltage sary chargingrateandcontrolthemaximumcharging
f. The temperature differential between cells voltages. The discharge shall be inhibited when the battery
g. The non-operating storage temperature has reachedits minimum allowable terminal voltage. Con-
h. The number of discharge cycles sult the U P S supplier before changing to another size or
i. The rate of charge type of battery.
j. The temperature of the battery Excessive battery equalizing and excessive equalizing
Overcharge.
k. voltage can decrease battery life. Battery equalizing shall
only be done as recommended by the battery manufacturer.
4.4 OPTIMUM BAllERY LIFE
4.8 BAlTERY REPLACEMENT
The manufacturers specifications should be carefully
followed. Incorrect charging or discharging can destroy a When battery replacement is required, it shall not be
battery very quickly (possibly within hours or days). Many undertaken without consulting the U P S manufacturers
cycles of excessive discharge can drastically reduce a recommendations. Batteries of different types and capaci-
batterys expected life. ties shall not be mixed unless authorized by the UPS
manufacturer.
4.5 VALVE REGULATED BAlTERIES
4.9 BAlTERY TERMINAL MAINTENANCE
Sometimes valve regulated (sealed) batteries are re-
ferred toas maintenance free batteries incorporating oxy- Terminals should be kept clean and free of chemical
gen recombination systems, absorbed electrolyte, or gelled deposits which may form on the interface between the
electrolyte technologies. battery terminal and the battery connector.
These batteries require routine maintenanceas recom- Nuts and other hardware should only be tightened to the
mended in 4.6, if rated performance isto be achieved.A torque level prescritml by the manufacturer. Loose con-
~ .. ~
6470247 0503938 T 8 4 W
PE 1-1992
Page 24
nections and/or excessive tightening can cause premature Ifelectrolytegetsinto the eyes,flushwithcopious
failure of the battery. Prior to assembly of post connec- amounts of water andseek medical help immediately.
tions, all surfaces should be cleaned in accordance with the Batteries shouldbe used and storedin an upright position
batterymanufacturer'sdirections,andsurfacescoated unless they have been designed for all-attitude use.
with a corrosion inhibiting material that will not change
state under heating or other conditions that might form an 4.11 BAlTERY STORAGE
insulating barrier. Batteries normally self-discharge if left unattended for a
Allpost-to-postandterminalconnectionsshould be long period of time.
tested for proper resistance after all terminal connections Lead acid batteries should be stored in a charged condi-
are completed and prior to use of the battery. tion, otherwise sulfation of the plates occurs, which is
When working on the electrical connections to the bat- often an irreversible failure of the batteries. Suggested
teries, insulated tools should be used. storage temperature range isO to 25"C,or in accordance
with manufacturer's recommendations.
4.10 BAllERIES, SPECIALSAFETYHANDLING
Batteries should be handled with extreme care or they 4.11 .I Battety Storage for Long Periods of Time
may cause severe injury. Spilled electrolyte may destroy When lead acid batteries are be to
stored for long periods
clothing, burn skin, or cause blindness. Batteries shouldbe of time, it is advisableto keep them on a very low rate of
serviced onlyby a qualified technician. trickle charge, in accordance with the battery manufac-
CAUTION-Always wear goggles and rubber gloves turer's recommendations. When such trickle charging is
when working with batteries. impractical, the batteries may be charged periodically.
Always wear eye protection, and never smoke when in
thevicinityofventedlead-acidbatteries.Thegasses 4.12 BATTERY OPERATIONMONITORING
vented are hydrogen and oxygen, a potentially explosive A battery monitoring system may be implemented for
mixture. each bank of batteries to obtain a history of the operation
of the battery system, and to assist in battery evaluation.
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PE 1-1992
Page 25
B Section 5
OF UPS
RATED VALUES AND PERFORMANCE
5.1 GENERAL Table 5-1

The rated values and performanceU PofS listeda herein PREFERRED UPS OUTPUT RATINGS
describe theU P S operating at the usual service conditions (kVA)
listedinSection 9. RefertoAppendixA to establish ThreePhase
technical and engineering information needed UPS
theby o. 1 10
user and supplier. 15 O. 15
These rated values and performances shall be measured
at the input and output terminal
of theU P S . 0.2
Refer to Appendix Afor a comprehensive checklist of 0.25 30
performance and application issues that should be consid- O. 3 37.5
ered by theU P S user.
0.35
CHARACTERISTICS
5.2 AND
VALUES 0.4 50
5.2.1 PreferredkVARatings 0.5 75
Table 5-1lists the preferred output rating
of U P S . Manu- 0.60
facturers may provide ratings in between and beyond those 0.75 100
listed and comply with all other requirements of this 1.o 125
standards publication.
1.5 150
5.2.2 PreferredVottageRating 2.0 175
The preferred input and output voltages are listed in
B Table 5-2. For other services conditions, see Section 9.
Manufacturers may provide ratings in and beyond
between
2.5
3
200
225
those listed and comply withall other requirements of the 4 250
Standard Publication. 5 300
Values 5.2.3 Rated 7.5 350
Table 5-3 lists
the
rated
values the
of U P S . All
load 10 400
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ratings are based on linear loads. 450

15 500
20 625
750
Table 5-2
NOMINAL INPUTOR OUTPUT VOLTAGES
(VOLTS AC)
120
208
240
277
480
575
D
~-_____
= 6470247 0503940 6 3 2
" ~~ ~ ~
~ "
NEMA PE*3 92
PE 1-1992
Page 26
Table 53
-
RATED VALUESOF THE UPS
Values Characteristics Class* NEMA Standard
INPUT
Minimum Power Factorat rated load**
0.1 -1 0.60
>1-10 0.65
>10 -30 0.70 NEMA Standard
>30 -100 0.75
>loo -300 0.80
>3oo -loo0 0.85
Input Current Limit 125% of normal full load input
(Maximum battery recharging current (the value for this
and/or maximum outout overload) characteristic
typical)
Authorized
is Enpineering
Information
Walk-In:** If applicable Increasing from 25% normalfull

(optional) load current to maximum current
seconds
in
Authorized
202 toEngineering
Information
Maximum Peak InrushCurrent**10timesthenormal peak fullload

Standard NEMA current input
Input Current Total

Harmonic Distribution(THD)**
Iiahukm
>e20 30%
>2&200 15%
>200
OUTPUT
Steady state voltage regulationsfor no load to rated load and minimum to maximum dc voltage (Battery)+
Maxium Output
Rating:&VA) -e Variations
o. 1-20 + 5%, - 10%
>2&1000 a 2% NEMA Standard
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PE 1-1992
Page 27
Table 5-3(CONTINUED)
RATED VALUED OF THE UPS
Output VoltageTotal
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Harmonic Distortion (THD)
Maximum THD for
s2 10%
>2 5% NEMAStandard
Overload Capacity
Overload
o. 1-2 No overload
for load125%
>2 -10 5 min.
>10min. 10 for 125% load NEMA Standard
Output Frequency (Non-Synchronized)
+1 o. 1-2 Hz
>2 f 0.5 Hz NEMAStandard
Output Frequency
Slew Ratett 1 H z / S e c . maximum NEMA Standard
y Factor Power
UPS)
Phase Displacement (for 3-phase
120&2"
Loads-
Balanced
Linear
50% Unbalanced
Linear Loads-NEMAStandard
12Oof4'
UPS)
Voltage Unbalance (for 3-phase
Balanced
Linear
Loads- f2%
50%Linear
Unbalanced Loads" + 4% NEMA Standard
OVERALL SYSTEM
Efficiency See Fig. 5-1for
minimum
levels
(for
Voltagetransients dueto any See Fig. 5-2 formaximumlevels

dynamic change in
operating NEMA Standard
Audible
Noise See Fig.
for5-3maximum
levels
(see NEMA MG 1-1987) NEMAStandard
*See NEMA StandardizationPage for explanation of NEMA Standard Classes.
**In the case of a type of WS that normally supplies the load directly from the ac input, the value is determined by the load and this value does not apply.
t In the case of a type of UPS that normally supplies the load directly from the ac input defined in section 9.2.
tt In the case of a type of UPS that normally supplies the load directly from ac input, the value is determined by the load and this value does not apply.
PE 1-1992
Page 28
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PE 1-1992
Page 29
Percent
Voltage
Transient
180 - I\
\ ltage Transient L lit
80
I \ I
NOM
*O t
I
I
I
I
\
\
- I- -""
I
I ""II
IC-
""
-60 Underv tage Transients Li lit

-80 for ?ateds2KVA
-100
."
I I / / I
.1 MS 1 MS 10 MS 100 MS 1 SEC
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Transient Duration
NOTE: The percent overvoltage or undervoltage is derived from

the ratio of the RMS of the voltage deviation from
the nominal
voltage sinewave, forthe timeindicated, to the RMS value of the
nominal ac voltage.
Figure 5-2
OUTPUT VOLTAGE TRANSIENT LIMITS
." ~-
b470247 0501944 288
PE 1-1992
Page 30
W
CL!
O
z
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PE 1-1992
Page 31
Section 6
TESTING STANDARDS
GENERAL
6.1 6.3.4Frequency Slew Rate
Equipment may be type and routine tested in the factory This test shall be performed to determine the output
as a completeU P S . Less extensive operational tests with frequency rate of change.
batteries and load may be performed on site. Alternatively,
routinetestsin the factorymay be restrictedto Ups 6.3.5ACInputFailureTest
functional units or combinations of such. The final test on The test shall be performed, with a battery or other
site then replaces the UPS routine factory test. The test appropriate dcsome, by interrupting theac input power
shown in Table6-1 may be performed in any order. or shall be simulatedby switching off all UPS rectifiers
and bypass feedersat the same time. Output voltage vari-
6.2 UPS TESTS ations shall be checked for specified limits. Frequency
UPS testing shallbe performed after wiring of the func- variation shall be measured.
tional units to form a completeUPS either at the factory The UPS shall notbe damaged during operation with the
or at the installation site.( S e e Table 6-1.) loss of one phase or improper phase rotation in a three-
phase system.
6.3
TESTSPECIFICATIONS The input failure should be conducted by interrupting
The tests 6.3.1 through 6.3.8, when conducted on-site, the ac inputas far upstreamas practical.
shall use the maximum available load which does not
exceed the rated continuous load: 6.3.6AC Input ReturnTest
a.Withandwithoutbypass,whereappropriate This test shall be performed either by restoring the ac
b.Withandwithoutredundancy,whereappropriate input power, or simulated by switchingallonUPS rectifi-
All other tests shall be conducted with full rated linear ers and bypass feeders at the same time.
load. Proper operation of all UPS rectifiers including walk-in,
if applicable, shall be observed. Ac output voltage and
6.3.1LightLoadTest frequency shall alsobe measured.
This test shall be performed to verify that the U P S is This test shall normallybe performed with a battery or
correctly connected and all functions operate properly. appropriate
The dc source. If the test 6.3.15
in is specified, this
following tests shall be performed (with and without ac test shall be performed at the end of that test.
input):
a.Outputvoltageandfrequency 6.3.7 Parallel UPS Redundance Test (Appliesto
b. The operation of all control switches, meters, and Figures 2-9 and 2-10)
other means required to determine proper UPS This test shall be required for UPS incorporating parallel
operation. redundancy. The test shall be conducted with rated load
applied to the U P S . By failure simulation, redundant func-
6.3.2 UPS Auxiliary Device@) Test tional units orU P S units shall be made to fail. The output
The functioning ofU P S auxiliary devices, suchas light- voltage transient shall be measured shall and comply with
ing, cooling, pumps, fans, annunciators, shall be verified the limits given in Figure 5-2.
in conjunction with the light load test, or during another
test ifit is more convenient. 6.3.8TransferTest
This test shall be required Ufor P S with bypass capabil-
6.3.3SynchronizationTest ity. The test shall be conducted with rated load applied to
This test shallbe performed when synchronization to an the UPS. By failure simulation, the load shall be trans-
external source is required.Frequencyvariationlimits ferred to bypass and then back to UPS. The output voltage
shall be tested by use of a variable frequency generator or transient shall be measured and shall comply with the
by simulation of circuit conditions. While synchronized, limits givenin Figure 5-2.
the phase angle between bypass source and inverter shall
be measured and checked against manufacturers accept- 6.3.9Full Load Test
able limits. Load tests shall be performed by connecting loads to the
This test may be performed during another test if it is U P S output, equivalent to the full rated load. UPS in
more convenient.
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NEMA P E 8 3 7 2 W 6470247 0503746 050
PE 1-1992
Page 32
Table 6-1
TESTING SCHEDULE
Optional
Qpe of Test When
(See
Specific
(Mandatory)
for
Required pages 53)
Specification
Application
Test Test RoutineType Test
Light load X X 6.3.1
Auxiliary device(s) X X 6.3.2
Synchronization X X X 6.3.3
Output frequency rate 6.3.4
of change X
Ac input failure X X 6.3.5
Ac input return X X 6.3.6
Parallel UPS
redundancy test X 6.3.1
Transfer X X X 6.3.8
Full load X X 6.3.9
U P S efficiency X
Unbalanced load X X 6.3.11

Output voltage 6.3.12
unbalance X X
Current divisionin
parallel Ups X X X 6.3.13
Stored Energy time X X 6.3.14
Energy Restore Time X X 6.3.15
Overload capability X X X 6.3.16
Short-circuit test X X 6.3.17
Restart X X X 6.3.18
Output overvoltage
protection X X 6.3.19
Periodoc output voltage
modulation X X 6.3.20
Frequent modulation X X 6.3.21
Radio frequency
interference and 6.3.22
conducted noise X X
Harmonic components X X 6.3.23
Audible noise X X 6.3.24
Surge voltage X X 6.3.25
Operating temperature X X 6.3.26
Dielectric withstand X X 6.3.21
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PE 1-1992
Page 33
parallel connectionshall be load tested by testing individ- 6.3.17 Short Circuit Test
ual U P S units separately oras a whole. A short circuit shall
be applied to the U P S output and the
following items measured for a U P S without bypass and
6.3.10 UPS Efficiency Test
with ac input power applied:
U P S efficiency shall be determined by the measurement a. The operation of protective devices or circuits
of the real power input and output. b. The peak short circuit current
c.Theoutputsteadystateshortcircuitcurrentand
6.3.11 Unbalanced Load Test length of time, if specified.
Unbalanced loads shall be appliedto the U P S or UPS Appropriate circuit protective devices (fuses, circuit
units, The voltage unbalance shall be measured. breakers) shall be permitted when making these tests.
Phase angle deviations shall be measured, or calculated
from the measured values of phase-to-phase and phase-to- 6.3.18 Restart Test
neutral voltages. Automatic or otherrestart means shall be tested aftera
complete shutdown ofU P S .
6.3.12 Balanced Load Tests
Balanced loads shall be applied UtoP Sthe or U P S units. 6.3.19 Output Overvoltage Protect ion Test
The voltage unbalance shall be measured. Output overvoltage protection shall be tested.
Phase angle deviations shall be measured, or calculated
from the measured values of phase-to-phase and phase-to- 6.3.20 Periodic Output Voltage Modulation Test
neutral voltages. Voltages shall be observed at specific loads and operat-
ing conditions.
6.3.13 Current Division in Parallel or Parallel
Redundant UPS Test 6.3.21 Frequency Modulation Test
Current Division in the parallel or parallel redundant If applicable, the frequency modulation test shall be
U P S units or functional units shall be measuredwith either consistent with 8.8.
a simulated or actual load.
6.3.22 Radio Frequency Interference and
6.3.14 Stored Energy Time Test (Batteries) Conducted Noise Tests
The stored energy time be shall
determined by switching Radio frequency interferences and conducted noise tests
off the ac input to the U P S operating at rated load and shall be conducted in compliance with applicable federal
measuringthedurationthatspecifiedoutputpower is regulations.
maintained. The battery voltage must not fall below the Radio fiequency interference and conducted noise of
specified value during this test. U P S shall be specifiedfor rated loads.
New batteries often not do provide rated capacity during
the initial operation.A freshening chargemay be recom- 6.3.23 Harmonic Components Test
mended by the manufacturer before discharge tests are Harmonic components of output voltage shall be tested
performed. The initial discharge test performance should under rated linear load conditions per 8.4.3.
be compared against rated performance. Repeated charge Input currenttotal harmonics distortion(THD) shall be
and discharge cycles may initially indicate greater than tested under rated linear load conditions with the ac input
rated performance but may reduce the life of the battery. sourcespecifiedbythe U P S manufacturer.Theinput
source voltage shall be set to the nominalvalve.
6.3.15 Restored Energy Time Test
When the energy restored time is specified, it shall be 6.3.24 Audible Noise Test
established by repeating the stored energy time test, as Audible noise may be tested in accordance with ANSI
described in 6.3.14, after the specified chargingperiod. For S 1.31 to S 1.36-1972, Method for Physical Measurement
U P S with chargers or rectifier/chargers, the charging cur- of Sound, using a sound level meter conforming to the
rent and voltage should be measured to verify specified requirements of ANSIS 1.4- 197 1.
charging rate and float voltage regulations.
6.3.25 Surge Withstand Capability Test
6.3.16 Overbad Capability Test
The ac input terminals of theU P S shall be subjectedto
The specified kVAor kW overload(s) shall be appliedto the appropriate surge voltage waveform as described in
the U P S outputforthetimeinterval(s)specified.The C62.41-1987and C62.45-1987rnEE 587 SurgeWith-
output voltage and current be shall
measured with ac input stand Capability (SWC) Test or demonstrate compliance
power applied. by analysis.
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~~~~ ~ ~~~
NEMA P E * l 9 2 W
PE 1-1992
Page 34
The U P S shall continue to operate

as specified. ers (second edition) and IEC 146-2 (1974) Part 2. Semi-
conductor Self-Commutated Converters, (first edition).
6.3.26 Operating Temperature Test The following testing procedures may be employed
Operating temperatures of componentsshall be within a. Dielectric/Insulation-IEC 146 Sub-clause492.1
UL 1778-1989.
the limits specified in b.Checkingofauxiliarydevices-IEC 146 Sub-
clause 6.4
6.3.27 Dielectric Voltagewithstand Test c. Checkingofprotective deviceeIEC 146 Sub-
be performed in accordance
Dielectric Voltage test shall clause 492.9
with that specifiedin UL 1778-1989. d.Checkingofsupervisingandremotesignalling
circuits
6.4TESTMEASURINGMETHODS FOR INPUT e. Checkingofmeasuringdevices
AND OUTPUT f. Lightloadtransfertest
Authorized Engineering Information 3-5-1992
6.4.1 Accuracy Type testing of U P S switches shall require a functional
Harmonics may influence the accuracy of the test meas- test with a complete WS. In addition to the tests men-
be evalu-
urement, and their affects on test results should tioned above,a type test programshall include:
ated. a. Complete functional test, e.g. switching of loads
b.
Transfer
time
test
6.4.2VoltageTransients c.
Loadtest,
temperature rise-IEC 146-2 Sub-
Voltage transients shallbe measured by eitheran oscil- clause 5.5
loscope, transient recorder, or by another method which d. Shorttimeoverload-IEC 146-2 Sub-clause 5.9
records momentary valuesof transients. e. Shortcircuitcapability-IEC 146-2 Subclause
5.10
6.5
FUNCTIONAL UNITTESTS
Functional unit tests are required only when separate 6.5.4MonitoringandControlEquipment
functional units are supplied. If unit tests arerequired, they Unit tests shall include:
shall be tested as shown in6.5.1-6.5.5. Dielectric/insulation
a. tests
b. Checkingof electricalcircuits
6.5.1RectifierTests c.Checkingofoperationalcontrolsandalarms
Rectifier testsshall be performed according to Section7.
6.5.5UPSTestingProcedure
6.5.2InverterTests Following the functional testing, in accordance with6.5,
Inverter tests shall be performed in accordance with if required, the U P S testing shall be completed at the
Section 8. installation site, per6.2 and 6.3.
6.5.3TestingofUPS switches
Operational tests of U P S switches may be performed in
accordance with IEC 146 (1973)Semiconductor Convert-
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~- - . .~ ..
NEMA PE*3 92 m b470247 0503949 BbT m
PE 1-1992
Page 35
B SECTION 7
RECTlFlEWCHARGER TESTS
7.1
GENERAL d.Current-limittest (see 7.6)
Tests are divided intotwo categories, type tests listed in e.Ripplevoltagemeasurement (see 7.11)
7.1.1 and routine tests listed in 7.1.2.
7.2
DIELECTRIC TEST
7.1.1TypeTests Dielectric voltage test shall be performed in accordance
--`,``,,`,,````,``,,```,,,`,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Type tests are those tests which are made to determine with that specified inUL 1778-1989.
the performance characteristics of rectifier/chargers. They For those tests, all semiconductors, capacitors, and sen-
need not be repeated unless design changes are made that sitive control components may be short-circuited; printed
would affectthe test results. Type tests include are
butnot circuit control boards may be removed.
limited to the following:
7.3
VOLTAGE ADJUSTMENT TEST
a.Dielectrictest (see 7.2)
(SeeFigue 7-1)
b.Voltageadjustmenttest(see7.3)
c.No-loadtest (see7.4) The ac input shall be adjusted to the rated value and the
d.Temperature rise test(see7.5) output current to one-half the rated value. Theand floating
e.Current-limittest (see 7.6) equalizing voltage adjustments shallbe within the ranges
f. Short-circuittest (see 7.7) specified.
g.Voltageregulatortest(see7.8) 7.4 NCLOAD TEST (SeeFigure7-1)
h. Efficiencymeasurement (see 7.9)
i. Powerfactormeasurement (see 7.10) The battery rectifier/charger shall be operatedfor 5
j. Ripplevoltagemeasurement (see 7.11) minutes with no-load applied, at the range limits of the
k. Audiblenoisetest(see7.12) supply voltage, to assure its ability to float-charge the
D 1. Voltagesurgetest(see7.13) connected battery.
7.5
TEMPERATURE RISE
TEST
7.1.2 Routine Tests
(See Figue 7-1)
The following routine tests be
are those tests which shall
performed by the manufactureron all production units: The battery rectifier/charger shall be operated continu-
a. Dielectrictest (see 7.2) ously at its maximum output current until there is no
b.Voltageadjustmenttest(see7.3) further rise in the temperature of any component. The
c.No-loadtest (see 7.4) temperature rise shall not exceed the values given inUL
1778-1989.
EXTERNAL
RESISTANCE, R
I+ TEST
BATTERY
RECTIFIER
CHARGER
Figure 7-1
D INTERCONNECTION OFBAlTERY
CHARGER, BAlTERY AND LOAD
PE 1-1992
Page 36
The load shallbe resistive, with a battery connectedin From the values thus measured, the efficiency shallbe
parallel, to provide the required current. calculated in accordance with the following:
If a mode of operation other than at maximum output
current would result in a greater temperature rise in any averagedc
component, the charger shall be operated in that mode until Efficiency - (output watts) xloo%
the maximum temperature rise of that componentis ascer- (in percent) - (input watts)
tained.
Unless otherwisestated, the input watts shall include the
7.6CURRENT-LIMITTEST (SeeFigure7-1) power requirements of all accessories, such as fans. If, for
The rectSer/charger shall be operated and overloaded the sake of convenience, efficiency is measured at other
to its design current-limit value until its output voltage thanratedaverage directTcment voltage and full-load
drops to at least the level of a fully-discharged battery as input, the conditions of measurement shall be indicated.
specified.
7.10 POWER FACTORMEASUREMENT
7.7SHORT-CIRCUITTEST (SeeFigure7-1) (SeeFigure 7-1)
A short-circuit shall be placed across the output termi- The power factorforsingle-andthree-phaserecti-
nals of the rectifier/charger. The charger shall be capable fier/chargers shallbe calculated as follows:
of withstanding the short-circuit condition either by means
of the current limit feature or operation of an output circuit watts per phase
Power Factor=
breaker ora fuse. The battery be shall
removed for this test. rms volt-amperes per phase
7.8
VOLTAGE REGULATION TEST For single-phase rectifier/chargers, the input watts can
(SeeFigure 7-1) be measured witha suitable wattmeter and the Voltamperes
This test shallbe made at the rated floating and equaliz- can be calculated fmm the measurements of the true rms
ing voltage settings. The rectifier/chargerbeshall
operated input voltage and true rms input current, using rms re-
at the minimum and maximum limits of specified line sponding meters.
voltage while applying at least three increments no-load, For a three-phased charger, the input power factor may
half-load, full-load. The average dc voltage be shall
meas- be calculated as follows:
ured at the output terminals of the charger except that,
where remote sensing is required, the voltage shall be Total input watts
measured at the battery terminals. Power Factor=
Total input volts amperes
From the values measured, the maximum (Emax), the
minimum @;min) and the nominal (Enom) voltage values Where the voltage and currentare rms values, theyare
shall be determined. The maximum deviation, expressed measured with rms responding meters.
as a percentage, may be calculated as follows:
7.11
RIPPLE VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT
Maximum - Emax - Ernin xloo (See Figure 7-1)
Deviationpercent - Enom Measurements of ripple voltage shall be taken at the
terminals of a fully charged battery. Ripple voltage shall
The regulationis usually expressed as a percentagea of be expressed in terms of an rms value and/or rms value as
nominal value where&om is equalto 1/2 the sum ofEmin a percentage of the average dc output voltage of the battery
and Emax. charger.
During this test, all peripheral loads shall be discon-
7.9
EFFICIENCY MEASUREMENT nected from the battery, and a variable resistive load shall
(SeeFigure 7-1) be connected across the battery terminals to cover the
The efficiency ofa battery charger shall be determined power rating of the battery charger.
by measuring the total power at the alternating-current
input terminalsby means of wattmeters and by measuring 7.12 AUDIBLE NOISE TEST (SeeFigure 7-1)
the average values of the direct-current voltage and current The rectifierkharger shall be operated under nominal
at the output terminals at rated output. Output watts is full load conditions to determine the conditions which
product of d.c. voltage and current. produce the highest audible sound level. Measurements
shall be made in accordance with ANSI S1.3141.36-
1972.
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~ .~ .~ . -~
NEMA P E * 1 9 2 W 6 4 7 0 2 4 70 5 0 1 9 5 14 1 8
PE 1-1992
Page 37
7.13 SURGE WITHSTAND CAPABILITY TEST (SeeFigure 7-2)

The surge withstand capability shallbe tested in accordance withANSI C62.41-1980 and C62.45-1987 or compliance
demonstrated by analysis.
DISCHARGE
SWITCH CHARGE
SWITCH
CHARGE
SOURCE
L
O
AC SOURCE RECTIFIER
O CHARGER
L
Figure 7-2
HOOK-UP FOR TRANSIENT VOLTAGE
WITHSTAND CAPABILITY TEST
--`,``,,`,,````,``,,```,,,`,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
PE 1-1992
Page 38
--`,``,,`,,````,``,,```,,,`,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
NEMA P E S 1 9 2 6470247 0503953 290
PE 1-1992
Page 39
Section 8
INVERTER TESTS
8.1
GENERAL d. Output instrumentation V3, W2, A2, F, and WA
The inverter to be tested shall be representative, in all (wave analyzer)
respects, of the production run for which the testsare to be e. A variable load consisting of resistors, inductors,
--`,``,,`,,````,``,,```,,,`,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
considered valid. Instrumentation for securing auxiliary and capacitors to be connected by means of the
data or making concurrent test (e.g. temperature rise) shall switches S3
not distort the test results. f.
Additional means forinserting fuses andshort
circuits.
8.1.1Schedule of Tests
8.2CHECKING OF AUXIUARYDEVICES
The testprogram for an inverter unit includes some or
all of the tests listed in Table 8-1. Some testsare required The functioning of auxiliary devices, such as contactors,
on all inverters; others are performed only if required for pumps, fans, etc., shall be checked.
the specific application.
8.3
TEMPERATURE RISE TEST
8.1.2TestCircuit Diagram The invertershall be operated continuously under rated
The tests described in 8.4 can be carried out with the test conditions until the temperatureallofcritical components
circuitshown inFigure 8-1. This recommended test circuithas reached a steady-state value.
applies to single-phase inverters, but canbealso regarded Withinthesupplyvoltagerange of the inverter, the
as a single-phase representation of a test set-up for a supply voltage shall be selected to give maximum tem-
multiphase inverter. perature rise.If this supply voltage is not known, tempera-
The test circuit consists of the following: ture rise shallbe determined for the minimum, rated, and
a. A variabledirectvoltagesourceU1 maximum values of supply voltage,
b. A bank of electrolytic capacitorsCl to assure low Temperature of all critical components shall be moni-
impedance input voltage to the inverter under test under rated cooling conditions
tored to determine the point
c. Inputinstrumentation Al, W1,andV1 at which steady state has been reached. (The temperature
rise shall not exceed the valves givenUL in 1778-1989.)
Table 8-1
TESTING SCHEDULE
(Optional) (Mandatory)
Test When
Required for
Type See Specific
Routine Sec 8
Test
Application Test Test for Detail
Auxiliary Device(s) * 8.2
Temperature Rise * * 8.3
Rated Continous Load and
Light Load 8.4
Output Voltage Tolerance 8.4.1
Frequency Tolerance 8.4.2
Relative Harmonic Content 8.4.3
Power Efficiency 8.4.4
Audible Noise 8.5
Output Short-circuitCurrent * 8.6
Output Voltage Unbalance * 8.7
Frequency Modulation 8.8
Voltage Rise 8.9
Voltage Dip 8.10
Operating Temperature * 8.11
Dielectric Withstand * * 8.12
NEMA PE*L 92 W 64702470503954L27
PE 1-1992
Page 40
8.4
RATED CONTINUOUSLOAD AND continuous load, it shall be measured over the specified
UGHT-LOAD TESTS range andso indicated.
While the inverter is operating under continuous rated
load, the supply voltage shallbe adjusted sequentially to 8.4.2 Frequency Regulation(SeeFigure 8-1)
the minimum, rated and maximum values and the requiredVoltmeter V1 and ammeter A2 shall be in accordance
measurements (see 8.4.1through8.4.4)madeateach with 8.4.1.
point. The frequency meter,F, shall be of sufficient accmcy
Theinvertershallthen be testedunderalight-load to read the fundamental frequency of the output atvoltage
condition.Thesupplyvoltageshallagain be adjusted a fixed value or over the frequency range of the inverter
sequentially to the minimum, rated and maximum values under test.
and the required measurements made at each point. If the frequency regulation is to be determined over a
current range other then light load up through rated con-
8.4.1 Output Voltage Regulation ( S e e Figure 8-1) tinuous load,it shall be measured over the specified range
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Voltmeter V1 shallbe a dc voltmeter of adequate accu- and so indicated.
racy to indicate the supply voltage to the inverter under
test. 8.4.3 Output HarmonicDistortion
Voltmeter V3 shallbe an rms-reading voltmeter of ade- (SeeFigure 8-1)
quate accuracy to indicate output voltage of the inverter VoltmetersV1andV3 and ammeter A2 shall be in
under test. accordance with 8.4.1.
Ammeter A2 shall be an rms-reading ammeter of ade- The wave analyzer, WA, shall be a distortion analyzer or
quate accuracy to indicate output current with the inverter a broad-band voltmeterused in conjunction with a rejec-
under test. tion filter and a pass-band filter.
The output voltage regulation shall be determined from The relative harmonic content shall be determined from
the readings taken of V3 for the specified supply voltage reading the rms value of the output voltage of the inverter
range as read on voltmeter V1 and for the light load and under test and
therms value after the has been
fpndamental
rated continuous loadas noted from ammeterA2. rejected by wave analyzer,WA.
If the output voltage tolerance is to be determined over The relative harmonic content shall be determined for
a current range other then light load up through rated the specified supply voltage range as read on voltmeter V1
-
and for the light-load and rated continuous load as noted
from ammeterA2.
L
1 n
+ O -
SI INVERTER
U1 UNDER
TEST
/y c1
-
I U wo RA
Figure 8-1
TEST CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
NEMA PE*3 9 2 6470247 0503955 Ob3
PE 1-1992
Page 41
If the relative harmonic content is to be determined over fied input voltage rangeas read on voltmeter V1 and for
a current range other then light load up through rated the light load up through rated continuous load as noted
continuous load, it shall be measured over the specified from ammeter A2. Voltmeter V3 and frequency meterF
range andso indicated. shall be observed to insure that testsare made within the
Iftherelativeharmoniccontent is specified for the output voltage tolerance band and within the frequency
output current of the inverter under test, it shall be meas- tolerance.
ured andso indicated. The load condition be shall
specified
in this case if the load differs from a pure resistive load. 8.5 AUDIBLENOISE TEST
If not otherwise specified, the output voltage relative The inverter shallbe operated at nominal full load con-
harmonic content shall be measured under rated condi- ditions. Measurements shall be made in accordance with
tions. ANSI S1.3141.36-1972.
The testset up shallbe in accordance with 8.4 and Figure
8-1. 8.6 OUTPUT SHORT-CIRCUIT-CURRENT TEST
VoltmetersV1andV3andammeter A2 shall be in The short-circuit-current test is made to determine the
accordancewith8.4.1andthefrequencymeter,F, in available 12t on a branch circuit supplied by the inverter.
accordance with 8.4.2. Authorized Engineering Information3-5-1 992
Ammeter Al shall be a mean-value direct-reading am- The test shallbe made at rated input direct voltage and
meter of adequate accuracy to indicate the direct-current rated continuous load and with appropriate fuses.
--`,``,,`,,````,``,,```,,,`,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
input to the inverter under test. The output terminals shall be short circuited by a fuse
at
Wattmeter W2 shall be of sufficient accuracy to read the that time in the output cycle which results in the longest
fundamental power output from the inverter under test. time for thefuse to open.
(Sufficient accuracy may be obtained by the use of a The test shallbe repeated at the varioustimes during the
wattmeter which is so designed as to readthe fundamental cycle to determine worst case.
power only. If the output voltage has a low relative har-
monic content, the output power of the fundamental fre- 8.7OUTPUTVOLTAGEUNBALANCETEST
quency canbe measured with sufficient accuracy by using The output voltage unbalance shall be determined from
a wattmeter suitable for this frequency.) RMS voltage measurementsat rated balanced load and no
The conversionfactor shall be determinedfromthe load. This voltage unbalance shall be determined by the
readings taken from voltmeter V1, ammeter Al and watt- following equation and that yields the highest value.
meter W2, for the specified input voltage as range
read on V w - VAVG
Voltage Unbalance= xloo%
voltmeterV1andforthelightloadupthroughrated VAVG
continuous loadas noted from ammeterA2. Voltmeter V3
and frequency meter, F, shall be observed to ensure that or
tests are made within the output voltage tolerance band and
within the frequency tolerance. = VAVG- VMIN
VUNBAL
VAVGx 100%
8.4.4 Power Efficiency
The test set upin accordance with Figure8-1.
VoltmetersV1andV3andammeter A2 shall be in Where:
accordance with 8.4.1 and the frequency meter F, in ac- VAVGis the average of the three-phase voltage
cordance with 8.4.2. measurements.
The wattmeter W2 shall be of sufficient accuracy to read The minis the minimum of the three-phase
the fundamental power output from the inverter under test. voltage measurement.
(Sufficient accuracy may be obtainedbythe use of a Vmax is the maximum of the three-phase
wattmeter which is so designed as to read the fundamental voltage measurement.
poweronly if theoutputhasalowrelativeharmonic NEMA Standard 3-5-1992
content, the output power of the fundamental frequency The voltage unbalance factor shallbe
can be measured with sufficient accuracy by using a watt- calculated as the ratio of OU PU.
to
meter suitable forthis frequency). Vn = negative sequence component of the
The wattmeter W1 shall be of sufficient accuracy to read output voltage.
the power input, including both direct power and ripple Vp = Positive sequence component of the
power. output voltage.
Power efficiency shall be determined from the readings Unbalanced ratio= OUPU
taken from wattmeter W1 and wattmeter W2 for speci-
the
PE 1-1992
LECTRIC 8.11
8.8MODULATION
FREQUENCY
Dielectric voltage testshall be performed in accordance
4
The test for frequency modulation shall
be as specified.
with that specified in UL 1778.
8.9
OUTPUT OVERVOLTAGE TRANSIENT For those tests,all semiconductors, capacitors, and sen-
The test for voltagerise shall be as specified. sitive control components may be short-circuited; printed
circuit controlboards may be removed.
8.10 OUTPUTUNDERVOLTAGETRANSIENT
The test for voltagedip shall be as specified.
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i
NEMA PE81 92 m. 6470247 0501957 936 W
PE 1-1992
Page 43
D Section 9
SERVICE CONDITIONS
GENERAL
9.1 g.Thefollowingserviceconditionsaffectthebat-
Uninterruptible power systems are designed to deliver tery.
rated performance and life when operated within the range 1. The maximum temperature difference be-
of usual service conditions described in paragraph 9.2 tween the warmest and coolest cells in the
below.Wheneverpossible, a U P S should be operated battery shall not exceed 3'C. (5.4"E). The
within these ranges to prevent premature failure or non- temperature differenceoccurs when the bat-
nominal operation resulting from abnormal deterioration teryismountednear a heat source that
of the insulation system, electrical breakdown, or me- warms the battery nonuniformly, or if the
chanical wear. The manufacturer should be consulted for battery is on a tiered rack inan atmosphere
further information regarding any unusual service condi- that is thermallystraW~ed.
tions. 2. If operated continuously at the high end of
the temperature range in item 1 above, the
9.2
USUAL SERVICE CONDITIONS battery's useful life may be shortened. Con-
A U P S constructed in accordance with these standards sult the manufacturer.
shall be capable of operating within its rating under the 3. If operated at the low end of the temperature
following conditions: range in item 1 above, the battery may not
a. The ambientair temperature at the equipment is provide the expected stored energy time. The
25'C nominal with a range of O to 40C (77F manufacturer shouldbe consulted.
nominal witha range of 32 to 104"E). 4. The dc voltage supplied to the battery shall
b. The humidity does not exceed 95 percent (with- be strictly in accordance with the battery
out condensation). manufacturer's specification.
B C. The altitude does not exceed 3300 feet (loo0
meters).
5. If the battery
ventilation
consists
system
of vented cells, the
shalI prevent the accumu-
d. The input AC voltage range be
shall as indicated lation of gases from the battery such that the
in Table 9-1. The U P S shall provide specified concentration of hydrogen shall not exceed
output power and recharge and maintain a fully 2%.See NEC (National Electric Code),arti-
chargedbatterywhenoperatedwith ac input cle 480-8a.
within the limits given in Table 9-1. For three-
phase systems, the limits shall apply to any single Table 9-1
phase voltage. INPUT AC VOLTAGE
e. The ac line input frequency hasa tolerance that Nominal Maximum
Minimum
does not exceed5127 percent of nominal. Note106 that 120
most U P S inverters
220disconnect synchronization
184 208
from the reference 254 frequency upon 212 smaller devia- 240
tions (typically 0.5293Hz) andthen run on 245their 277 --`,``,,`,,````,``,,```,,,`,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
508
internal, highly accurate, 424
frequency reference. 480
Authorized EngineeringInformation 3-51
508 992 575 600
f. Distortion of the ac line input voltages shall be
limited to the following: 9.3
UNUSUAL ENVIRONMENTAL
1.Totalharmonicvoltagedistortionshallnot CONDITIONS
exceed 10%. The manufacturer should be consulted if any unusual
2.Nosingleharmonicuptothe11thshall environmental or service conditions exist. Among such
exceed 5%. Harmonics higher than the 11th conditionsare exposure to:
shall decayas the reciprocal of the harmonic Damaging a. fumes
number. b.Very dirty, corrosive,explosive,orabrasiveen-
3.Surges shall bewithinthelimitsstatedin vironments
ANSI C62.41-1987 (IEEE Guide for Surge c. Conductivedustsuch as metalfilings,carbon,
B Voltages in Low Voltage AC Power Circuits) etc.
d.Steamor oil mist
PE 1-1992
Page 44
e. Combustible mixtureof dusts or gases Table 9-2

f. Salt air,seacoast, or shipboard conditions DERATING FACTORSFOR USE AT ALTITUDE
g. Extremetemperaturesorsuddentemperature ABOVE 1000 METERS
changes
h. Temperature gradient exceeding 3'C (5.4'F)be- Derating
tween warmest and coolest cells of the battery Meters Feet Factor *
Plant 1000 3300 1.o
i. Strong electromagnetic fields 1500 4900 .95
J. Atmospheric conditions conducive to growth of 2000 660 .9 1
fungus 2500 8200 .86
k. Insect or vermin infestation 3000 9800 .82
1. Radioactivity levels above those of the natural
background 3500 11500 .78
m. Restriction of ventilation 4000 13100 .74
n. Highradiatedorconductedheatfromother 4500 14800 .70
sources such as sunlight, furnaces, boilers, etc. 5000 16400 .67
O. Coolingliquidcontainingacidsorimpurities Based on densityof dry air = 1.225 Kg/cu. meterat sea
which cause deterioration, corrosion, or blockage level, 15'C (59 "F).
of converterparts xposed to the liquid coolant "Sincefansloseefficiencywithaltitude,forced air
P. Continuousaveragerelativehumidityabove cooled equipment will have a smaller derating factor.
95% orbelow 10%
9. Seismic activity or abnormal shock or vibration
r. Altitudes in excess of 3300 feet (loo0 meters).
See Table 9-2 for typical derating.
9.4 UNUSUAL ELECTRICAL CONDITIONS
The manufacturer should be consulted if unusual elec-
trical conditions exist. Some examples
of unusual electri-
cal conditions are shown in section 9.4.1.
9.4.1 Ac Input@)to UPS
a. Voltage in excess of the tolerances given in 9.2.4.
b.Frequencyinexcess ofthetolerancegiven in
9.2.5.
--`,``,,`,,````,``,,```,,,`,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
c.Superimposedhighfrequencyvoltages (EM).
d.Voltageharmonicsinexcess of thosegiven in
9.2.6.
e.Transientvoltagesorotherelectricalnoisesuch
as that caused by lightning or reactive switching.
f. Voltagesurgesinexcess of ANSI C62.41-1987.
g.Maximum faultcurrentavailabilityinexcess of
the fault current rating ofthe U P S protective
devices.
r NEMA PE*& 92 m 6470247 0501959 709 m
PE 1-1992
Page 45
Section 10
INSTALLATION
10.1 GENERAL INFORMATION 10.3INITIAL UPS INSPECTION

This section of the standard covers the installation of 10.3.1IncomingInspection
single phase and three-phase UPSes. The installation of a
UPS can be very simple, or very complex. Some smaller Upon receipt of theUPS, the following steps aresug-
units can be plugged into a wall outlet, other units may gested.
require experienced and licensed electricians for system The packaging should be examined for visible signsof
installation. Installations may be subject to national and damage. A crushed package might indicatethe unit was
local codes. It is the purposeof this standard, to provide dropped, alerting the end user to examine the electronics
information which will promote safe installation and reli-for possible shipment damage.
able operation of the UPS. Before unpacking, check the number on the crate against
the bill of lading to assure the correct product has been
10.2SITEPLANNING shipped.
Verify thatthe site conditions are in accordance with the Verify that the unit received has been designed to operate
information which has been gathered and documented in from the line input voltages and frequency at the site.
Appendix A. Read the owners manual BEFORE beginning the actual
installation. It is advisableto obtain a copy of the owners
10.2.1Site Survey manual in advance of delivery.
The following items should be determined Verify that all options and spare parts which have been
a. The total load in kVA andkW ordered have been supplied and/or installed.
b. Voltage requirements for the U P S input and Ups
10.3.2 Storage requirements
output
c. Floor
plan In many cases, the UPS may not be installed upon
d.Elevatoravailabilityandcapacity delivery. When installation timeis prolonged, the system
e. Door
clearances batteries shouldbe maintained and charged at intervals if
f. Floor
loading life expectancy is be
to realized. (See 4
Section.)The UPS
Building
g. access should be kept clean and free from dust and dirt.
h. Available
power
10.4
INSTALLATION
i. Audible
noise
j. Ventilationandambienttemperatureranges. 10.4.1ElectricalRequirements
10.2.2 UPS Location Before installation, verify thatU P S received meets the
specifications for input, frequency, output, neutral, and site
10.2.2.1 UPSLOCATEDCLOSETOCRITICAL requirements.
LOADS
It is desirable to locate theUPS as close to the critical 10.4.2 Qualified Personnel
load(s) as is practicable. Qualified personnel shouldbe used to install theUPS.
National and local codes should be met. A certified elec-
10.2.2.2 FLOORLOADING trical contractor for installation is recommended. Some
Floor loading must be considered. When equipment is U P S S require minor adjustment during installation, and
installed on casters, the point floor loading is increased. tests may need to be performed to assure that theUPS is
Floor loading shall not exceed the values defined by local performing as required.
codes and/or the architectural standards for the building.
10.4.3 Installation Wiring Diagram and Instructions
10.2.2.3 AUDIBLENOISE U P S installation wiring diagrams and instructions (gen-
Most UPS systems generate some audible noise. This
erally supplied by the manufacturer) should be obtained.
should be considered during the placement of the U P S .
Soundproofing maybe required. 10.4.4 Line and Circuit Breaker Sizing
The incoming line and incoming circuit breaker($ shall
be sized in accordance with theUPS input rating, andin
accordance with local and national electrical codes.
--`,``,,`,,````,``,,```,,,`,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
NEMA PE*L 92 m 6470247 0503960 420 m
PE 1-1992
Page 46
10.4.5 Grounding Requirements made. Refer to the owners manual or consult with the
Grounding shall be installed and be maintained in ac- manufacturer.
cordance with national and local codes.
10.75 Safety Shields
Refer to FIPS publication 94 for computer and data
processing installations. In some U P S e s , safety shields have been included to
protect operating personnel. Safety shields should never
10.4.6 Wire Sires and Typewire be permanently removed. When installation procedures
It is important to keep the U P S as close to the critical require removal in order to gain access to high voltage
load as is practical. terminals, these safety shields shallbe replaced after the
The sizeof the cables between the batteries and U P Sthe installation is complete.
may be larger than prescribed by code in to order
meet the
10.8 UNUSUALSERVICECONDITIONS
voltage drop limitations. For long runs, consultthe UPS
supplier. The manufacturer should be consulted if unusual service
An electrical contractor can provide the correct wire conditions exist. These are covered in Section 9 of this
sizes andtype wire needed for theU P S system. Thewire standard.
size will vary with the size of theU P S and the line drop
that is allowable. 10.9 BATTERIES
When planning the installation for the use of external
10.5
SAFETY battery banks, care should be given to the design of the
--`,``,,`,,````,``,,```,,,`,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
See Section11 for safety information. battery racks. Batteries are very heavy, and seismic con-
siderations may apply. Consult local codes and the build-
10.6BATTERY LOCATION ing architecture. Planning should include ready access to
The location of the batteries inU PaS system varies and batteries and battery terminals for routine maintenance.
is dependent upon the size of UtheP S and the specifics of Batteries canbe potentially dangerous. Batteries contain
the installation. sulfuric acid which can bum skin, destroy fabrics, and
Keep the distance between Uthe P S and the battery bank cause blindness, if spilled. Also, lead acid batteries, upon
as short as possible. overcharging, may generate gasses which are a potentially
explosive mixture. Proper ventilation care
and in handling
10.7 OKSITE INSTALLATIONAND batteries are essential.
VERIFICATION More detailed information may be found in Section4.
10.7.1 Line Neutral, Ground, and Phase Rotation 10.10 UPS INSTALLATIONDIAGRAMS
Verification Installation diagrams should be provided by the electri-
Roper connection of line, neutral, and ground shall be U P S installation has been
cal contractor after the electrical
verified by the electrical contractor. For three-phase sys- completed.
tems, phase rotation shallbe verified.
10.11MAINTENANCEPLAN
10.7.2 DC Bus Voltages Verification (External A scheduled maintenance plan should be formulated
Batteries) which will document the periods of routine maintenance
The battery for the UPS shall meet the requirements set that are required. The maintenance plan should have a
forth by theU P S supplier. provision for:
a.Designatingaresponsible site representative
10.7.3 Bypass Input b.Maintainingamaintenanceandrepairlog
In some installations, there be may
a phase shift between c.Maintainingan alarm log
the bypass input and output of Uthe P S . Consult the U P S d.Mhihtainingabatterymaintenancescheduleand
manufacturer for phase shift information; phase and phase 1%
rotationshould be verified. U P S withseparatebypass e. Maintainingalogofdown-time
input may be supplied by two feeders with separate dis- f. Connectionstorquingandcleaning
connects. g.Storageconditionsandventilation
h. Battery
equalization
10.7.4 Load Voltage and Phasing Verified i.Schedule of airfiltercleaningand/orreplace-
Prior to connection of the critical load, theUPS output ment.
voltage shouldbe verified. Phasing and wiring should be
verified to make sure that proper connection has been
I NEMA PE*& 9 2 6470247 O503963 3b7
PE 1-1992
Page 47
Section I 1
SAFETY
11.1 DESIGN STANDARD WARNING indicates a potential hazard that can result
The U P S that is covered by this standard shall be de- if the precautionis not
in death or severe personal injury
signed to meet or exceed an applicable standard such as followed.
U L , CSA, E, or equivalent. CAUTION indicates a hazard that can result in minor
personal injuryor property damage if the precaution
is not
11.2 SAFE CONSTRUCTION followed.
11.2.1NameplateMarkings 11.2.5 Label Requirements
Th.e manufacturer shall provide nameplate markingsto Warnings and instructions should NOTbe mixed. The
include the following minimum information: warning label shall:
a. Suppliers name a.
State
the
hazard
b. Model and/or part number designation or both b.Beconspicuous,clear,andconcise
--`,``,,`,,````,``,,```,,,`,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
C. Serial numberor control number c. Describe the severity of thepotential harm
d. Rated input voltage (and phase configuration,if d. Instruct the user how to avoid the hazard
required) e. Bepermanently affiied totheproduct.
e. Rated ac input current As a minimum, the electric shockcan kill information
f. Rated ac input frequency shown in Figure 11-1, Precautionary Labeling Example,
g. Rated ac output voltage or its equivalent shallbe placed on theU P S .
h. Rated ac output frequency
i. Rated ac output current 11.2.6 Labeling Size, Legibility, and Location
Rated ac output power and output kVA Requirements
j.
k. Rated dc input voltage (required Ufor P S with Size, legibility, and location of precautionary labeling
external battery) shall be such that it can be read and understood by those
1. Rated dc input current (required UforP S with who may encounter the equipment before they are exposed
external battery) to thehazards identified.
m. Rated dc input voltage (optional for U P S with The information shallbe readily visible and maybe on
internal battery) a label, tag, or other printed form and permanently affixed
n. Rated dc input current (optional for U P S with to the equipment. The manufacturers name and address
internal battery) shall appear on the label unless it is readily visible else-
O. Weight (optional). where on the product.A label identification number shall
appear on the precautionary label. Labeling shall be con-
11.2.2TerminalMarkings sistent withANSI standard 2535.4.
User connections shall be permanently identifiedto per-
mit proper installation. 11.2.7Enclosure
The equipment shall be provided with a surrounding
11.2.3PrecautionaryLabeling case or enclosure constructedto provide a degreeof pro-
Precautionary labeling shall be prepared to give infor- tection to personnel against accidental contact with ener-
mation on hazards and precautionary measures to users ofgized and moving parts.
UPSes.
11.2.8 User Connections
11.2.4Signal Words Alternating-current terminals shallbe of such size
a and
In descending order of severity, three signal words are type and shall be so located that they will be capable of
recognized to identify the level of hazards: DANGER, accommodating the power wiring specified for the maxi-
WARNING, and CAUTION. mum rated current in Article3 10of the National Electrical
DANGER indicates an immediate hazard that will result Code.
in death or severe personal injuryi the precaution is not A grounding terminalor connection shallbe provided to
followed. accommodate a grounding wire coming into Uthe P S and
shall have an ampacity specified in Article 250 of the
National Electrical Code.
NEMA PES3 92 M 6470247 0503962 2 T 3 M
PE 1-1992
Page 48
s Heed Protect yourself and others
1 ELECTRIC SHOCK
Do nottouchelectricallylive
can kill
parts
such as outputterminals or
internal *iring
UPS are suppliedbymultiplepowersources and
battery, Only qualifiedpersonnel
should
install,
use, or servicethisequipment.
Do not remove thiswarning
Figure 11 -1
PRECAUTIONARY LABELING EXAMPLE
For U P S with external batteries, direct-current terminals 11.3.2 Hazardous voltages
shall be of such a size and type andbeshall so located that Users shall be protected against casual contact ofhaz-
they willbe capable of accommodating the power wiring ardous voltage circuits.
specified for the maximum rated current in Article 310 of
the National Electrical Code. 11.3.3 Safety Devices
Control terminals shallbe of such size and type that they Hazards that cannot be totally eliminated shall have
will accommodate the wiring specified in Article310 of safety devices, interlocks, guards, etc., incorporated into
the National Electrical Code. The U P S manufacturer shall the U P S to isolate hazards and minimize unsafe opera-
specifythevoltageandcurrentrequirementsofthese tions.
terminations.
Terminals shallbe of such a size and type and shallbe 11.3.4 Options & Additions
so located that they will
be capable of accommodatingthe The options and additions providedby the supplier shall
power wiring specified for the proper ratings. include safety protection instruction
to the user/installer.
11.3 OPERATION 11.3.5 Guidelines for User Interface
11.3.1 Components and Assemblies Following is a list of expectations from the user.
The U P S components and assemblies should minimize a. Rotary controls should turn clockwise for ON or
increase and counterclockwise for OFF or de-
the possibility of being reversed or installed in positions
crease.
opposite from the correct one, especially where reverse
installation could causeinjury.
b. Certaincolorsareassociatedwithtrafficand
safety therefore:
-Red should signify danger or malfunction.
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NEMA PE*3 92 W 6470247 0503963 1 3 T W
PE 1-1992
Page 49
"Orange or yellow should signify caution or service 11.5 MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS

required. The manufacturer shall provide maintenance instruc-
"Green should signify safeor normal condition. tions to include the following:
Preventive
a. maintenance
11.4 SAFETY INSPECTION
b.Correctivemaintenance, if applicable
The following items shouldbe inspected following in- c.How to determine if service is required onthe
stallation: UPS.
a.Userassemblyandinterconnections
b. Clearancesforaccessandventilation
Floor
c. loading
d.Safetyshieldsandinterlocks.
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NEMA P E * & 92 6470247 0503964 076
PE 1-1992
Page 50
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--__.
NEMA PE*L 92 = 6470247 0503965 T02
PE 1-1992
Page 51
Appendix A
APPLICATION DATA FORM
1. GENERAL
This form provides assistance in establishing the technical and engineering information
needed by theUPS user and supplier to meet the users requirements. The formbemay used as a
detailed check listto assure that important equipment compatibility issues
are addressed.
USER DATA
2. PROFILE OF THE LOAD TO BE OPERATED FROM THE UPS
Information tobe provided by user.
a. Types of loads
( ) i. Computersystem
() ii. Air conditioning or othermotor
( ) iii.Lighting
( ) iv.Rectifiersupplies
( ) v. Switchmodesupplies
( )vi. Other
b.Equipmentlist
( ) Attach separate sheets showing equipment manufacturer, model number, and rated
input power requirement. Actual power requirement mayvary from the nameplate
data.
c. Estimated present total load requirements
( ) i. Single-phase loads
-Vat, >VA, H z
P o w e r Factor, ( )leading,
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( )lagging
-A peak inrush current, -duration
-Crest factor
( ) ii. Three-phase loads
-Vac line-to-line JVA, -Hz
( ) Neutral required
P o w e r Factor, ( )leading,
( )lagging
-A peak inrush current, -duration
-Crest factor
-Ungrounded
( ) iii. Special load considerations
( ) Unbalanced loads
( ) Non-linear loads
( ) Intermittent duty
( ) Load sequencing
( )Other
( ) High neutral current
( ) Load sequencing
( ) High Neutral current
( ) Special grounding
( )Other
d. Stored energy time (Battery run time)
inutes stored energy time
M i n u t e s restored energy time
NEMA PE*3 92 W 6470247 0503966 949 W
PE 1-1992
Page 52
(Battery recharge time)

e. Estimated futuretotal load requirements
( ) i. Single-phase loads
V a c , k V A
( ) ii. Three-phase loads
"Vat, >VA
3. ACINPUTPOWERAVAILABILITY FOR UPS
Information to be provided by user.
( ) i. Single-phase
-Vat, >VAH.z
( ) ii. Three-phase
V a c line-to-line >VA -Hz (No Neutral Available)
-Vac line-to-neutralA V A -)Iz (Neumal Available)
( ) iii. Special conditions
( ) Standby generator
-Vat, >VA, H z
( ) High source impedance and/or poor voltage regulation
( ) Superimposed voltage harmonics
( ) Transient voltages
( ) Frequent outages
-Number per month
-Duration
( ) iv.
Available
fault current Amps
( )v. Source groundinp-
4. GENERAL PHYSICAL ANDSERVICEREQUIREMENTS
Information tobe provided by user.Also see Section 9. Attach additional specifications or
site
drawings.
a. Ambient temperature. .....-mm -min
b.Coolingsystem ........
c. Specialenvironmentalconditions:
( ) fumes, ( ) moisture, ( ) dust, ( ) salt air,
( ) heat, ( ) other
d.Specialmechanicalconditions:
( ) vibration, ( ) shock, ( ) transport & handling
( ) access limitations,( ) other
e. Limitations of space and weight
f. Audiblenoiselimits ......
g. Grounding and isolation requirements
h. Maintenancebypassrequirements
i. Local/remotemonitoringandcontrol
j. Safetycoderequirements ....
k Size of largest shipping split, if needed
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SUPPLIER DATA
5. UPS RATED INPUT CHARACTERISTICS AND POWER REQUIREMENTS

Information tobe provided byU P S supplier.
a. Phase configuration ( ) Single-phase
( ) Three-phase wye
( ) Three-phase delta
b.Inputvoltage-Vac -%
c.Inputcurrent -
d.Inputpowerfactor-
e. Inputfrequency-& -%
f. Inrush current_A peak-duration
g. Harmonic currents (lND) -%
h. Currentcrest factor-
6. UPSRATEDOUTPUTCHARACTERISTICS
a. Phase configuration ( ) Single-phase
( ) Three-phase wye
( ) Three-phase delta
b. Output voltage -Vac -%
c. Rated Output power and apparent power-kW, -kVA
d. Power factor capability -
e.Outputfrequency -Hz -%
f. Overload capability -A peak maximum, ,duration
g. Total harmonic distortion at rated linear load -%
h. Maximum load crest factor capability -
i. Unbalanced voltage for balanced and unbalanced load-
7. STORED
ENERGY
a. Stored energy time (Battery run time) -minutes
b. Restored energy time (Battery recharge time) minutes
c. Type of battery . . . . . . . . . . .-
d. Characteristics of battery (if not an integral part UofP S )
1. Nominal
voltage -Vdc
11. End
(discharge)
voltage -Vdc
iii. Rated
current
nominal
at voltage -AIX
iv.
Maximum current
end
atvoltage -AIX
8. GENERALPHYSICAL ANDSERVICEREQUIREMENTS
Information to be provided by ups supplier.
a. U P S losses
(heat
rejection) BTUM
b. Size and weightof U P S
c. Size and weight of batteries
d. Configuration drawings including connections and access requirements
e. Ambienttemperature
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f. Typeofcooling
NEMA STANDARDIZATION BACKGROUND
B The purpose of hEhU Standards,theirclassification,andstatusare sct fonh in certain clauses

StandardizationPolicies and Procedures manual and are referenced below:
of the hThU
Purpose of Standards
National Electrical Manufacturers Association Standards are adopted
in the public interest and are designedto eliminate
misunderstandings between the manufacturer and the purchaser to assist the purchaser in selecting and obtaining
and the
proper product for their particular needs. Existence of a National Electrical Manufacturers Association Standard does
in any respect preclude any member or nonmember from manufacturing or selling products not to the standard.
conforming
(StandardizationPolicies und Procedures,p. I)
Definition of a Standard
A Standard of the National Electrical Manufacturers Association defines a product,orprocess
pmceduE with reference
to one or more of the following: nomenclature, composition, dimensions, tolerances, safety, operating characteristics,
the service for which theyare designed.
performance, rating, testing, and
(StandardizationPolicies and Procedures,p. 2)
Dimensions
Where dimensions are given for interchangeability purposes, alternate dimensions satisfying the otherofprovisions
the
Standards Publicationmay be capableof otherwise equivalent performance.
(Standardization Policies and Procedures,p. 8)
Categories of Standards
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National Electrical Manufacturers Association Standardsare of three classes, which have received the affirmative vote
the affirmative
of at least two-thirds of the Subdivision votes cast in or negative:
1. hEMA Standard, which relates to a product, process, or procedure commercially standardized toand repetitive
subject
manufacture.
2. Suggested Standard for Future Design, which may not have been regularly to a applied but which
commercial product,
suggests a sound engineering approachto future development.
3. Adoptive Standard, whichis adopted in whole or in part fromthe ctandards of another organization, either domestic,
regional, or international.
(StandardizationPolicies and Procedures, pp. 7 & 16)
Authorized Engineering Information

Authorized Engineering Information consists of explanatory
data and other engineering information of an informative
of hTMA Standard or Suggested Standard for Future Design, which standard
character not falling within the classification
has received the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the Subdivision votes
in the
castaffirmativeor negative.
(StandardisationPolicies and Procedures, pp. 7 & 16)
Identification of Status
Standards in NEMA Standards Publications are identified as hEMA Standard, Suggested Standard for Future
Design, or Adoptive Standard. These indicate the status of the standard. A statement incorporatingthe auxiliary verb
shall indicates that compliance with a requirement is mandatory for compliance with the standard. These classes of
standards are identified in the foreword or throughout text.the
The material identifiedas Authorized Engineering Information is designated similarly. Statements incorporating other
auxiliary verbs suchas should, may, etc. refer to authorized engineering information and not to procedures required
for compliance with the standard.
B
POWER ELECTRONICS SECTION
OF THE
NATIONAL ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION
MEMBER COMPANIES
AT&T La Marche ManufacturingCo.

Union, New Jersey07083-8107 Des Plaines, IL 60018
Best Power Technology, Inc. Lorain Products-Reliance Co.
Necedah, WI 54646 Lorain, OH 44052
Cyberex Inc. Pacific PowerSource Corp.

Mentor, OH44060 Huntington Beach, CA92449
Networks/UPSystems
D Electro
Square Co.
A Division
Chloride
of Power Electronics,
Inc.
Palatine,
Il 60067
Caledonia, NY 14423
Sola Electric
Unit
Technologies,
Inc.
EPE ofSignal
General Corp.
Costa
CAMesa, 92626 ElkVillage,
Grove IL 60007
Emerson Electric Co. Teledyne Inet
Industrial Controls Division Torrance, CA90509
Santa Ana, CA92702
Toshiba International Corp.
Hobart BrothersCo. Industrial Division
Troy, OH45373 Houston, TX 77041
K/W Control Systems Westinghouse Electric Corp.
Middletown, NY 10940 Buffalo, NY 14240
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Pe 1 Uninterruptible Power Systems

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NEMA P E * 1 92 m 6470247 0501909 183 m

STANDARDS PUBLICATION NO.PE 1

NAVONAL ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERSASSOClATON H 2101 L SIREET, N.W., WASHIEIGTON, D.C. 20037

NEMA STANDARDS PUBLICATION NO. PE 1-1992

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SYSTEMS

National Electrical Manufacturers Association

O1992 by National Electrical Manufacturers Association

Section 1 REFERENCED STANDARDS AND DEFINITIONS

NEMA PE*3 7 2 W b470247 0503733 604 W

followed by their appropriate classification and the date.

NEMA PE*1 9 2 m 6470247 0501914 5YO

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SYSTEMS

American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)

IEC 146-4(1986) Methods of SpecifVing Performance Test Requirements of UPS

Deutsches Institutfor Normung e.V (DIN)

DIN VDE0871m.78-1978 Limits ofRadi0 Interferencefrom Radio-FrequencyApparatusandlnstal-

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

IEEE428- 1981 Dejnitions and Requirementsfor Thyristor AC Power Controllers

National Electrical Manufacturers Association

NEMA PE 7-1985 (R 1992) Communication Type Battery Chargers

Panelboards and Distribution Switchboards

NEMAPB 1-1990 Panelboards

ANSI 2535.2-1991 Environmental and Facility Safety Sign Future Standard

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

Handbook-1990 National Electrical Code Handbook

Underwriters Laboratories Inc.

ANSI UL 67-1988 Panel Boards

Federal Communications Commission

47CFR-Part 15, Subpart B-RFI/EMZ-October, 1989

National Technical Information Service

FIPS PUB 94-1983 Guideline

AMBIENT TEMPERATURE AUTOMATIC CONTROL

reversing the chemical reaction with direct-current electri- DEVIATION

BATTERY END VOLTAGE

FAULT CURRENT AVAILABILITY LINEAR LOAD

PHASE ANGLE materials as required to verify during production that the

PREFERRED SOURCE SOLID STATE SWTCH

PULSE STEP LOAD

B The interval of time between the initiation of

pletely transferred from one sourceto another.

NEMA PE*L 92 6470247 0503922 bL7

equipment that the user has determined needs be to pro-

Figure 2-1 Figure 2-2

2.2.4 SingleConversionConverter bypassing internal functions. This bypassing function may

2.3.1Group l-Rectifier-Inverter Configurations,

2.3.3 Group-ingle,ConversionConverter As with single-UPS unit configurations, parallel Ups

NEMA. PE*3 72 b4702L17 0503727 T 7 3

3.1 GENERAL semiconductor power switching devices(s) in each toline

UPS UPS LOAD

4.1 GENERAL maintenance free battery isone in which routine addition

current from the battery to alternating current.

5.1 GENERAL Table 5-1

ratings are based on linear loads. 450

Walk-In:** If applicable Increasing from 25% normalfull

Maximum Peak InrushCurrent**10timesthenormal peak fullload

Input Current Total

Voltagetransients dueto any See Fig. 5-2 formaximumlevels

\ ltage Transient L lit

-60 Underv tage Transients Li lit

NOTE: The percent overvoltage or undervoltage is derived from

Unbalanced load X X 6.3.11

The U P S shall continue to operate