Professional Documents
Culture Documents
tests (from a larger question bank), offer partial credit for written
explanations for incorrect responses on multiple choice questions, and
provide supplementary learning opportunities (e.g., tutoring), teach
students specific study strategies.
Rehearsal, In-class formative assessment should model learning strategies. For
Elaboration, example, students could create mnemonics or make lists of key terms,
Organization summarize key points or generate an outline of the text or lecture, respond
to conceptual multiple choice questions, or create a graphic organizer for
the class material (e.g., concept maps).
Metacognition Encourage students to set specific learning goals for reading assignments,
model the use of rehearsal, elaboration and organization (e.g., writing a
summary sentence for each paragraph read), have students describe the
steps needed to solve a problem or complete an assignment, ask students to
reflect on specific learning experiences from other college classes.
Time/study Have students develop specific study objectives and weekly study
management calendars for the class, and ask them to track how they use their study time
during the week and on specific assignments. Encourage students to
consider and discuss the ideal environments for thinking, reading, or
writing tasks.
Effort regulation Promote discussion of factors that interfere with learning and how to
overcome them. Encourage students to set specific study goals and have
them brainstorm on ways to avoid distraction.
Peer learning Students are more motivated as part of a learning community than as an
individual in a class. Classes that employ informal or formal collaborative
groups to answer in-class assignments or to discuss materials covered in
lecture are more likely to foster motivation.
Help seeking Hold a discussion on why students do or do not seek help. Describe help-
seeking among faculty in research or review settings. Provide an
opportunity for students to analyze where they need help through meetings
with the instructor, graduate assistants, or undergraduate tutors. Instructors
should invite struggling students to consider seeking help.