Mathematica

4050

Mathematica
Mathematica Mathematica

2.1
Mathematica
Mathematica
Mathematica

3 + 4 5 Mathematica

Mathematica

Head
Head7, Head1 7, Head7.0, Head7 2
Integer, Rational, Real, Complex
In[1]:=

Out[1]=

Mathematica
In[2]:= Head1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Out[2]= List

In[3]:= Head

Out[3]= Image

Mathematica
graph 2.1
2 2Mathematica.nb

In[4]:= AtomQx31, AtomQ1.2345, AtomQ""

Out[4]= True, True, True

2.1

Integer 3, 0, 28,...
1 8
Rational , , ...
2 9
Real 0.2348
Complex 54,...
String ""
Symbol Plot, myFun,...
SparseArray SparseArray4,3,3

Out[150]=
Graph

Image

Head
In[6]:= Part1.2345, 1

Part::partd : 1.23451 .

Out[6]= 1.23451

In[7]:= Headx31
Out[7]= Symbol
In[8]:= HeadIntegrate
Out[8]= Symbol

Mathematica
Head, Head, HeadEulerGamma, HeadKhinchin
Symbol, Symbol, Symbol, Symbol
In[9]:=

Out[9]=

9
In[10]:= Head"Mathematica"
Out[10]= String

 2Mathematica.nb 3

In[11]:= Head

Out[11]= Graph

In[12]:= AtomQ

Out[12]= True

Mathematica SparseArray

mat SparseArrayi_, i_ 1, 4, 4
SparseArray4, 4, 4
In[13]:=

Out[13]=

In[14]:= MatrixFormmat
1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
Out[14]//MatrixForm=
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1
In[15]:= AtomQmat
Out[15]= True

8.3
Mathematica
h
ei
he1 , e2 , ..., en

Head Head
In[16]:= Heada b c
Out[16]= Plus

FullForm
In[17]:= FullForma b c
Out[17]//FullForm= Plusa, b, c
In[18]:= FullForma, b, c
Out[18]//FullForm= Lista, b, c

Plus
List Mathematica


FullForm Mathematica
4 2Mathematica.nb

FullForm Mathematica
4
FullForm

In[19]:= Lengtha b c
Out[19]= 3

In[20]:= expr Sinx a x2 b x c

Out[20]= c b x a x2 Sinx

Times Sin[x]
In[21]:= Headexpr
Out[21]= Times

2
In[22]:= Lengthexpr
Out[22]= 2

FullForm Plus[...]
Sin[x] Times
In[23]:= FullFormexpr
Out[23]//FullForm= TimesPlusc, Timesb, x, Timesa, Powerx, 2, Sinx

Head

In[24]:= HeadIntegrate
Out[24]= Symbol

In[25]:= Head""
Out[25]= String
In[26]:= Head2
Out[26]= Integer
In[27]:= Head5.21
Out[27]= Real

FullFrom
In[28]:= FullFormf
Out[28]//FullForm= f

FullForm
5
In[29]:=
7
Out[29]//FullForm= Rational5, 7

Part
a + b a
In[30]:= Parta b, 1
Out[30]= a
 2Mathematica.nb 5

b
In[31]:= Parta b, 2
Out[31]= b

In[32]:= FullForma b
Out[32]//FullForm= Plusa, b

Part[a + b, 1] Plus[a, b] a Part[expr, n]

expr n 0
In[33]:= Parta b, 0
Out[33]= Plus

In[34]:= Part" ", 1

Part::partd : 1 .

Out[34]= 1
expr[[1]]
Part[expr , 1]
In[35]:= 3 4 1

Part::partd : 3 4 1 .

Out[35]= 3 4 1

Mathematica
Part
In[36]:= Appendw x y, z
Out[36]= wx yz

FullForm
In[37]:= FullFormw x y
Out[37]//FullForm= Plusw, Timesx, y

z w + x y z Plus
In[38]:= Appendfa, b, c
Out[38]= fa, b, c

TreeForm
Plus , c bx a x2

6 2Mathematica.nb

In[39]:= TreeForma x2 b x c

Plus

c Times Times

Out[39]//TreeForm=

b x a Power

x 2

In[40]:= Heada x2 b x c
Out[40]= Plus

Plus
In[41]:= Parta x2 b x c, 2
Out[41]= bx

In[42]:= FullForm
Out[42]//FullForm= Timesb, x
In[43]:= Partb x, 2
Out[43]= x

Part
In[44]:= Parta x2 b x c, 2, 2
Out[44]= x

Part

Numerator , Denominator
3 3
In[45]:=

3, 4
4 4
Out[45]=

MantissaExponent3333.14152
0.333314, 4
In[46]:=

Out[46]=
 2Mathematica.nb 7

Re3 4 , Im3 4
3, 4
In[47]:=

Out[47]=

VertexListCompleteGraph5, EdgeListCompleteGraph5
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
In[48]:=

1 2, 1 3, 1 4, 1 5, 2 3, 2 4, 2 5, 3 4, 3 5, 4 5
Out[48]=

In[49]:= arr SparseArrayBand1, 1 1, 4, 4;

ArrayRulesarr
Out[50]= 1, 1 1, 2, 2 1, 3, 3 1, 4, 4 1, _, _ 0

Mathematica
expr1 && expr2 && expr3 Mathematica expri



1.
In[51]:= 123.456
Out[51]= 123.456

2.

In[52]:= mysymbol
Out[52]= mysymbol

3.
4. Hold

5.


WMDC


Plus[2, 2]

In[53]:= FullForm2 2
Out[53]//FullForm= 4

Plus
Hold
In[54]:= FullFormHoldForm2 2
Out[54]//FullForm= HoldFormPlus2, 2

HoldForm FullForm
Hold
8 2Mathematica.nb

AttributesPlot
HoldAll, Protected, ReadProtected
In[55]:=

Out[55]=

PlotTablexi , i, 2, 8, 2, x, 1, 1,
PlotStyle Dashing.01, Dashing.03, Dashing.05, Dashing.07
In[56]:=

1.0

0.8

0.6

Out[56]=

0.4

0.2

1.0 0.5 0.5 1.0

Plot
Table Plot HoldAll
Hold Evaluate Plot Evaluated
PlotEvaluate Tablexi , i, 2, 8, 2, x, 1, 1,
PlotStyle Dashing.01, Dashing.03, Dashing.05, Dashing.07
In[57]:=

1.0

0.8

0.6

Out[57]=

0.4

0.2

1.0 0.5 0.5 1.0

Defer
In[58]:= Defer2 2
Out[58]= 22
In[59]:= DeferFullForm2 2
Out[59]= Plus2, 2

Defer

 2Mathematica.nb 9

In[60]:= Plus2, 2
Out[60]= 4

1. a (b + c)
2. Times[a, Power[Plus[b, c], -1]]
3. a x2 + b x + c b
4.
(a) x2 + y) z / w)[[2, 1, 2]]

(b) (a / b)[[2, 2]]

Mathematica
a
In[61]:= a N2
Out[61]= 6.28319

Mathematica a
a
In[62]:= Cosa
Out[62]= 1.

a ?a
In[63]:= ?a

Global`a

a 6.28319

a=N[2 ]
a
f x_
x
1
In[64]:= fx_
1x
1
Out[64]=
1x
f[x_] Mathematica
4 f[x_] f[]

f x
10 2Mathematica.nb

In[65]:= f.1
Out[65]= 0.909091
In[66]:= f1
1
Out[66]=
2
In[67]:= f2
1
Out[67]=
1 2

In[68]:= f

1
Out[68]=

f x_


In[69]:= Cleara, f

Set[lhs, rhs]
lhs rhs

lhs rhs Defer Mathematica

In[70]:= DeferFullFormx 5
Out[70]= Setx, 5

rand101
In[71]:= rand1 RandomReal
Out[71]= 0.277545

Mathematica

SetDelayed[lhs, rhs]
 2Mathematica.nb 11

lhs : rhs

In[72]:= DeferFullFormx : 5
Out[72]= SetDelayedx, 5

rand1 rand2
In[73]:= rand2 : RandomReal

rand2
5
Tablerand1, 5
0.277545, 0.277545, 0.277545, 0.277545, 0.277545
In[74]:=

Out[74]=

rand1 rand1 0.544557 rand1

In[75]:= ? rand1

Global`rand1

rand1 0.277545

rand2
Tablerand2, 5
0.244559, 0.321648, 0.809704, 0.432592, 0.0759782
In[76]:=

Out[76]=

rand2 Table 5 Mathematica rand2

RandomReal[] Table
In[77]:= ? rand2

Global`rand2

rand2 : RandomReal

Mathematica

Mathematica
Mathematica Mathematica
Mathematica
?name

In[78]:= ? Map

Map f , expr f expr f expr .

Map f , expr, levelspec f levelspec expr .

SetDelayed Set rand1

rand2
12 2Mathematica.nb

In[79]:= ? rand1

Global`rand1

rand1 0.277545

Set
01
SetDelayed SetDelayed

In[80]:= ? rand2

Global`rand2

rand2 : RandomReal

SetDelayed Set
SetDelayed
SetDelayed
Set Set

Mathematica Clear[name]

1 + x + x2 f

In[81]:= fx_ : 1 x x 2

f
In[82]:= fx_, y_ : x y
1
In[83]:= fx_, y_, z_ :
xy z
f ?f
In[84]:= ?f

Global`f

fx_ : 1 x x2

fx_, y_ : x y

1
fx_, y_, z_ :
xyz

In[85]:= funx_ : Absx

In[86]:= funx_, y_ : Sqrtx 2 y 2

 2Mathematica.nb 13

In[87]:= fun 12
Out[87]= 12
In[88]:= fun2, 3

Out[88]= 13
In[89]:= fun2 3 I

Out[89]= 13

In[90]:= fun"string"
Out[90]= Absstring
In[91]:= funa, b, c, d

Out[91]= a2 c2 , b2 d2

4

In[92]:= Clearx, f, g, n, fun

1. ?
(a) randLis1[n_] := RandomReal[1, {n}]
(b) randLis2[n_] := (x = RandomReal[]; Table[x, {n}])
(c) randLis3[n_] := (x := RandomReal[]; Table[x, {n}])
(d) randLis4[n_] := Table[RandomReal[], {n}]
2. f g

In[93]:= fn_ Sum1 xj , j, 1, n;

In[94]:= gn_ : Sum1 xj , j, 1, n;

In[95]:= f2

1 x 1 1 x2
Out[95]=
x
In[96]:= g2

Out[96]= 1 x 1 x2
3. log
log a b log a logb;
a
log loga logb;

log an n log a .
b

4. g(x) -2 0
14 2Mathematica.nb

1 x 22 2 x 1
gx
1 x2 x 0

PrimeQ
In[97]:= PrimeQ231 1
Out[97]= True

In[98]:= OddQ21
Out[98]= True
In[99]:= EvenQ21
Out[99]= False

IntegerQ
5
In[100]:=
9
Out[100]= False

NumericQ N[x] NumericQ[x]

True
In[101]:= NumericQ
Out[101]= True
In[102]:= NumericQ
Out[102]= False

NumerQ True
IntegerRationalReal Complex
In[103]:= NumberQ3.2
Out[103]= True
In[104]:= NumberQ
Out[104]= False

In[105]:= VectorQ23 1, 27 1, 231 1, PrimeQ
Out[105]= True

In[106]:= AtomQ""
Out[106]= True
 2Mathematica.nb 15

In[107]:= ListQa, b, c
Out[107]= True

SymmetricMatrixQ 2 4 5
1 2 3
In[108]:=
3 5 6
Out[108]= True
1 1 1
In[109]:= PolynomialQ , x
x x2 x3
Out[109]= False

In[110]:= ConnectedGraphQ

Out[110]= True
In[111]:= IntervalMemberQInterval2, 3,
Out[111]= False

True
False Mathematica Equal( == ) Unequal( ) Greater (>) Less(<)
GreaterEqual() LessEqual ()
In[112]:= 75
Out[112]= False
6
In[113]:= 3 74
2
Out[113]= True

Simplify
x4 1
In[114]:= x2 1
x2 1
Out[114]= True

3 ( 7 - 4) (3 7 ) -4
2.2

In[115]:= 4 5 && 8 1
True

AND Mathematica And &&

Out[115]=

5.8 TruthTable
BooleanTableA B, A, B
True, False, False, False
In[116]:=

Out[116]=

2.2
16 2Mathematica.nb

x y Equalx,y
x y Unequalx, y
Out[147]= x y Greaterx, y
x y Lessx, y
x y GreaterEqualx, y
x y LessEqualx,y

Or || ( )

4 3 3
6
In[118]:=
2
Out[118]= True

0 0.0001
22
In[119]:=
7
Out[119]= False
BooleanTableA B, A, B
True, True, True, False
In[120]:=

Out[120]=

AB
In[121]:= True True
Out[121]= True

2.3
2.3.

x x Notx
x&&y xy Andx,y

xy&&x&&y
Out[122]= xy xy Orx,y
xy Xorx,y
xy xy Norx,y
xy xy Impliesx,y

Mathematica Xor
In[123]:= XorTrue, True
Out[123]= False
In[124]:= XorTrue, False
Out[124]= True
BooleanTableA B, A, B
False, True, True, False
In[125]:=

Out[125]=

2.4
BitOr[x, y] x y 21
19
 2Mathematica.nb 17

In[126]:= BaseFormBitOr2^^10101, 2^^10011, 2

Out[126]//BaseForm= 101112
In[127]:= BitOr21, 19
Out[127]= 23
In[128]:= BaseForm23, 2
Out[128]//BaseForm= 101112

BitXor[x, y] x y
In[129]:= BaseFormBitOr2^^10101, 2^^10011, 2
Out[129]//BaseForm= 101112

2.4.

BitAndx,y xy
Out[130]= BitOrx, y xy
BitNotx x
BitXorx,y xy

5.8

1. -11True
2. CharacterQ[str]str
3. Natural[n]n
4. SubsetsQlis1 , lis2 ] lis1 lis2 {}

5. CompositeQ

Mathematica
Attributes

AttributesPlus
Flat, Listable, NumericFunction, OneIdentity, Orderless, Protected
In[131]:=

Out[131]=

Flat Plus
a + (b + c) = (a + b) +c Mathematica
Plus[a, Plus[b, c]] Plus[Plus[a, b], c](flat) Plus[a, b, c] Mathematica
Flat
In[132]:= PlusPlusa, b, c
Out[132]= abc

OneIdentity Plus[Plus[a, b]]

Plus[a, b]
Orderless a + b = b + a Mathematica


18 2Mathematica.nb

In[133]:= thin
Out[133]= hint

In[134]:= x3 x5 x4 x2 1 x
Out[134]= 1 x x2 x3 x4 x5

In[135]:= x3 y2 y7 x5 y x4 y9 x2 1 x
Out[135]= 1 x x4 y x3 y2 x5 y7 x2 y9

In[136]:= TraditionalFormx3 x5 x4 x2 1 x
Out[136]//TraditionalForm=
x x x3 x2 x 1
5 4

Protected
( Protected
Plus Listable NumericFunction
WMDC

Orderless
In[137]:= fb, e, t, s
Out[137]= fb, e, t, s

SetAttributes f Orderless
In[138]:= SetAttributesf, Orderless
In[139]:= fb, e, t, s
Out[139]= fb, e, s, t

Clear
In[140]:= Clearf
In[141]:= ?f

Global`f

Attributesf Orderless

ClearAttributes[] ClearAll[]

In[142]:= ClearAllf
In[143]:= ?f

Global`f

5.26.2 SetAttributes
 2Mathematica.nb 19

1. Mathematica
osyi2 + 3 f
In[144]:= fx_ y_ : x 2 y 2
In[145]:= f2 3
Out[145]= f5

Hold f
In[146]:= f2 3
Out[146]= f5

2. (**)