problem 1-cylinderical rod of cast iron having 1 end fixed and other end under tensile load of

1000 N. The dimension of the rod is given as follows: diameter = 20 mm; length= 100mm.
analysis the normal stress and strain.

Contents

Units

Model (A4)

o Geometry

Solid

o Coordinate Systems

o Mesh

o Static Structural (A5)

Analysis Settings
 Loads

Solution (A6)

Solution Information

Results

Material Data

o Gray Cast Iron

Units

TABLE 1
Unit System Metric (m, kg, N, s, V, A) Degrees rad/s Celsius
Angle Degrees
Rotational Velocity rad/s
Temperature Celsius
Model (A4)

Geometry

TABLE 2
Model (A4) > Geometry
Object Name Geometry
State Fully Defined
Definition
Source C:\Users\me7\Documents\rohit sushil_files\dp0\SYS-1\DM\SYS-1.agdb
Type DesignModeler
Length Unit Millimeters
Element Control Program Controlled
Display Style Body Color
Bounding Box
Length X 2.e-002 m
Length Y 2.e-002 m
Length Z 0.1 m
Properties
Volume 3.1416e-005 m
Mass 0.22619 kg
Scale Factor Value 1.
Statistics
Bodies 1
Active Bodies 1
Nodes 2412
Elements 462
Mesh Metric None
Basic Geometry Options
Parameters Yes
 Parameter Key DS
Attributes No
Named Selections No
Material Properties No
Advanced Geometry Options
Use Associativity Yes
Coordinate Systems No
Reader Mode Saves Updated File No
Use Instances Yes
Smart CAD Update No
Attach File Via Temp File Yes
Temporary Directory C:\Users\me7\AppData\Local\Temp
Analysis Type 3-D
Decompose Disjoint Geometry Yes
Enclosure and Symmetry Processing Yes
Coordinate Systems

TABLE 3
Model (A4) > Coordinate Systems > Coordinate System
Object Name Global Coordinate System
State Fully Defined
Definition
Type Cartesian
Coordinate System ID 0.
Origin
Origin X 0. m
Origin Y 0. m
Origin Z 0. m
Directional Vectors
X Axis Data [ 1. 0. 0. ]
Y Axis Data [ 0. 1. 0. ]
Z Axis Data [ 0. 0. 1. ]
Mesh

TABLE 4
Model (A4) > Mesh
Object Name Mesh
State Solved
Defaults
Physics Preference Mechanical
Relevance 0
Sizing
Use Advanced Size Function Off
Relevance Center Coarse
Element Size Default
Initial Size Seed Active Assembly
 Smoothing Medium
Transition Fast
Span Angle Center Coarse
Minimum Edge Length 6.2832e-002 m
Inflation
Use Automatic Inflation None
Inflation Option Smooth Transition
Transition Ratio 0.272
Maximum Layers 5
Growth Rate 1.2
Inflation Algorithm Pre
View Advanced Options No
Patch Conforming Options
Triangle Surface Mesher Program Controlled
Advanced
Shape Checking Standard Mechanical
Element Midside Nodes Program Controlled
Straight Sided Elements No
Number of Retries Default (4)
Extra Retries For Assembly Yes
Rigid Body Behavior Dimensionally Reduced
Mesh Morphing Disabled
Defeaturing
Pinch Tolerance Please Define
Generate Pinch on Refresh No
Automatic Mesh Based Defeaturing On
Defeaturing Tolerance Default
Statistics
Nodes 2412
Elements 462
Mesh Metric None
Static Structural (A5)

TABLE 5
Model (A4) > Analysis
Object Name Static Structural (A5)
State Solved
Definition
Physics Type Structural
Analysis Type Static Structural
Solver Target Mechanical APDL
Options
Environment Temperature 22. C
Generate Input Only No
TABLE 6
Model (A4) > Static Structural (A5) > Loads
 Object Name Force Fixed Support
State Fully Defined
Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Geometry 1 Face
Definition
Type Force Fixed Support
Define By Vector
Magnitude 1000. N (ramped)
Direction Defined
Suppressed No

Solution (A6)

TABLE 7
Model (A4) > Static Structural (A5) > Solution
Object Name Solution (A6)
State Solved
Adaptive Mesh Refinement
Max Refinement Loops 1.
Refinement Depth 2.
Information
Status Done
TABLE 8
Model (A4) > Static Structural (A5) > Solution (A6) > Solution Information
Object Name Solution Information
State Solved
Solution Information
Solution Output Solver Output
Newton-Raphson Residuals 0
Update Interval 2.5 s
Display Points All
FE Connection Visibility
Activate Visibility Yes
Display All FE Connectors
Draw Connections Attached To All Nodes
Line Color Connection Type
Visible on Results No
Line Thickness Single
Display Type Lines
TABLE 9
Model (A4) > Static Structural (A5) > Solution (A6) > Results
Object Name Normal Stress Normal Elastic Strain
State Solved
Scope
 Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Geometry All Bodies
Definition
Type Normal Stress Normal Elastic Strain
Orientation X Axis
By Time
Display Time Last
Coordinate System Global Coordinate System
Calculate Time History Yes
Identifier
Suppressed No
Integration Point Results
Display Option Averaged
Results
Minimum -2.8672e+005 Pa -9.1554e-006 m/m
Maximum 1.3161e+006 Pa -1.3018e-008 m/m
Information
Time 1. s
Load Step 1
Substep 1
Iteration Number 1
Material Data

Gray Cast Iron

TABLE 10
Gray Cast Iron > Constants
Density 7200 kg m^-3
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion 1.1e-005 C^-1
Specific Heat 447 J kg^-1 C^-1
Thermal Conductivity 52 W m^-1 C^-1
Resistivity 9.6e-008 ohm m
TABLE 11
Gray Cast Iron > Tensile Ultimate Strength
Tensile Ultimate Strength Pa
2.4e+008
TABLE 12
Gray Cast Iron > Isotropic Elasticity
Temperature C Young's Modulus Pa Poisson's Ratio Bulk Modulus Pa Shear Modulus Pa
1.1e+011 0.28 8.3333e+010 4.2969e+010
TABLE 13
Gray Cast Iron > Isotropic Relative Permeability
Relative Permeability
10000
 PROBLEM 2-Dimension of a Hollow shaft of aluminum alloy having 1 end fixed and other
under tensile load of 1000N is given as : Inner diameter=15mm ; Outer diameter= 25mm;
length=100mm. Analysis the normal stress and strain for this shaft.

Contents

Units

Model (B4)

o Geometry

Solid

o Coordinate Systems

o Mesh

o Static Structural (B5)

Analysis Settings

Loads

Solution (B6)

Solution Information
 Results

Material Data

o Aluminum Alloy

Units

TABLE 1
Unit System Metric (m, kg, N, s, V, A) Degrees rad/s Celsius
Angle Degrees
Rotational Velocity rad/s
Temperature Celsius
Model (B4)

Geometry

TABLE 2
Model (B4) > Geometry
Object Name Geometry
State Fully Defined
Definition
Source C:\Users\me7\Documents\rohit sushil_files\dp0\SYS-3\DM\SYS-3.agdb
Type DesignModeler
Length Unit Millimeters
Element Control Program Controlled
Display Style Body Color
Bounding Box
Length X 2.5e-002 m
Length Y 2.5e-002 m
Length Z 0.1 m
Properties
Volume 3.1416e-005 m
Mass 8.7022e-002 kg
Scale Factor Value 1.
Statistics
Bodies 1
Active Bodies 1
Nodes 2591
Elements 460
Mesh Metric None
Basic Geometry Options
Parameters Yes
Parameter Key DS
Attributes No
Named Selections No
Material Properties No
Advanced Geometry Options
 Use Associativity Yes
Coordinate Systems No
Reader Mode Saves Updated File No
Use Instances Yes
Smart CAD Update No
Attach File Via Temp File Yes
Temporary Directory C:\Users\me7\AppData\Local\Temp
Analysis Type 3-D
Decompose Disjoint Geometry Yes
Enclosure and Symmetry Processing Yes
TABLE 3
Model (B4) > Geometry > Parts
Object Name Solid
State Meshed
Graphics Properties
Visible Yes
Transparency 1
Definition
Suppressed No
Stiffness Behavior Flexible
Coordinate System Default Coordinate System
Reference Temperature By Environment
Material
Assignment Aluminum Alloy
Nonlinear Effects Yes
Thermal Strain Effects Yes
Bounding Box
Length X 2.5e-002 m
Length Y 2.5e-002 m
Length Z 0.1 m
Properties
Volume 3.1416e-005 m
Mass 8.7022e-002 kg
Centroid X -2.9098e-020 m
Centroid Y -4.7284e-020 m
Centroid Z 5.e-002 m
Moment of Inertia Ip1 7.6727e-005 kgm
Moment of Inertia Ip2 7.6727e-005 kgm
Moment of Inertia Ip3 9.1526e-006 kgm
Statistics
Nodes 2591
Elements 460
Mesh Metric None
Coordinate Systems
 TABLE 4
Model (B4) > Coordinate Systems > Coordinate System
Object Name Global Coordinate System
State Fully Defined
Definition
Type Cartesian
Coordinate System ID 0.
Origin
Origin X 0. m
Origin Y 0. m
Origin Z 0. m
Directional Vectors
X Axis Data [ 1. 0. 0. ]
Y Axis Data [ 0. 1. 0. ]
Z Axis Data [ 0. 0. 1. ]
Mesh

TABLE 5
Model (B4) > Mesh
Object Name Mesh
State Solved
Defaults
Physics Preference Mechanical
Relevance 0
Sizing
Use Advanced Size Function Off
Relevance Center Coarse
Element Size Default
Initial Size Seed Active Assembly
Smoothing Medium
Transition Fast
Span Angle Center Coarse
Minimum Edge Length 4.7124e-002 m
Inflation
Use Automatic Inflation None
Inflation Option Smooth Transition
Transition Ratio 0.272
Maximum Layers 5
Growth Rate 1.2
Inflation Algorithm Pre
View Advanced Options No
Patch Conforming Options
Triangle Surface Mesher Program Controlled
Advanced
Shape Checking Standard Mechanical
Element Midside Nodes Program Controlled
 Straight Sided Elements No
Number of Retries Default (4)
Extra Retries For Assembly Yes
Rigid Body Behavior Dimensionally Reduced
Mesh Morphing Disabled
Defeaturing
Pinch Tolerance Please Define
Generate Pinch on Refresh No
Automatic Mesh Based Defeaturing On
Defeaturing Tolerance Default
Statistics
Nodes 2591
Elements 460
Mesh Metric None
Static Structural (B5)

TABLE 6
Model (B4) > Analysis
Object Name Static Structural (B5)
State Solved
Definition
Physics Type Structural
Analysis Type Static Structural
Solver Target Mechanical APDL
Options
Environment Temperature 22. C
Generate Input Only No
TABLE 7
Model (B4) > Static Structural (B5) > Analysis Settings
Object Name Analysis Settings
State Fully Defined
Step Controls
Number Of Steps 1.
Current Step Number 1.
Step End Time 1. s
Auto Time Stepping Program Controlled
Solver Controls
Solver Type Program Controlled
Weak Springs Program Controlled
Large Deflection Off
Inertia Relief Off
Restart Controls
Generate Restart Points Program Controlled
Retain Files After Full Solve No
Nonlinear Controls
Force Convergence Program Controlled
 Moment Convergence Program Controlled
Displacement Convergence Program Controlled
Rotation Convergence Program Controlled
Line Search Program Controlled
Stabilization Off
Output Controls
Stress Yes
Strain Yes
Nodal Forces No
Contact Miscellaneous No
General Miscellaneous No
Store Results At All Time Points
Max Number of Result Sets Program Controlled
Analysis Data Management
Solver Files Directory C:\Users\me7\Documents\rohit sushil_files\dp0\SYS-3\MECH\
Future Analysis None
Scratch Solver Files Directory
Save MAPDL db No
Delete Unneeded Files Yes
Nonlinear Solution No
Solver Units Active System
Solver Unit System mks
TABLE 8
Model (B4) > Static Structural (B5) > Loads
Object Name Fixed Support Force
State Fully Defined
Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Geometry 1 Face
Definition
Type Fixed Support Force
Suppressed No
Define By Vector
Magnitude 1000. N (ramped)
Direction Defined
Solution (B6)

TABLE 9
Model (B4) > Static Structural (B5) > Solution (B6) > Solution Information
Object Name Solution Information
State Solved
Solution Information
Solution Output Solver Output
Newton-Raphson Residuals 0
Update Interval 2.5 s
Display Points All
 FE Connection Visibility
Activate Visibility Yes
Display All FE Connectors
Draw Connections Attached To All Nodes
Line Color Connection Type
Visible on Results No
Line Thickness Single
Display Type Lines
TABLE 10
Model (B4) > Static Structural (B5) > Solution (B6) > Results
Object Name Normal Elastic Strain Normal Stress
State Solved
Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Geometry All Bodies
Definition
Type Normal Elastic Strain Normal Stress
Orientation X Axis
By Time
Display Time Last
Coordinate System Global Coordinate System
Calculate Time History Yes
Identifier
Suppressed No
Integration Point Results
Display Option Averaged
Results
Minimum -2.0031e-005 m/m -3.5016e+005 Pa
Maximum 3.092e-006 m/m 1.7895e+006 Pa
Information
Time 1. s
Load Step 1
Substep 1
Iteration Number 1
Material Data

Aluminum Alloy

TABLE 11
Aluminum Alloy > Tensile Yield Strength

Tensile Yield Strength Pa

2.8e+008
TABLE 12
Aluminum Alloy > Tensile Ultimate Strength
Tensile Ultimate Strength Pa
 3.1e+008
TABLE 13
Aluminum Alloy > Alternating Stress R-Ratio
Alternating Stress Pa Cycles R-Ratio
2.758e+008 1700 -1
2.413e+008 5000 -1
2.068e+008 34000 -1
1.724e+008 1.4e+005 -1
1.379e+008 8.e+005 -1
1.172e+008 2.4e+006 -1
8.963e+007 5.5e+007 -1
8.274e+007 1.e+008 -1
1.706e+008 50000 -0.5
1.396e+008 3.5e+005 -0.5
1.086e+008 3.7e+006 -0.5
8.791e+007 1.4e+007 -0.5
7.757e+007 5.e+007 -0.5
7.239e+007 1.e+008 -0.5
1.448e+008 50000 0
1.207e+008 1.9e+005 0
1.034e+008 1.3e+006 0
9.308e+007 4.4e+006 0
8.618e+007 1.2e+007 0
7.239e+007 1.e+008 0
7.412e+007 3.e+005 0.5
7.067e+007 1.5e+006 0.5
6.636e+007 1.2e+007 0.5
6.205e+007 1.e+008 0.5
TABLE 14
Aluminum Alloy > Isotropic Elasticity
Temperature C Young's Modulus Pa Poisson's Ratio Bulk Modulus Pa Shear Modulus Pa
7.1e+010 0.33 6.9608e+010 2.6692e+010
 PROBLEM 3- A hexagonal nut of inner diameter 20mm is fixed at its thread surface and a
force is applied tangentially to the surface of the nut. Analysis the normal strss and strain for
the nut.

Contents

Units

Model (C4)

o Geometry

Solid

o Coordinate Systems

o Mesh

o Static Structural (C5)

Analysis Settings

Loads

Solution (C6)
 Solution Information

Results

Units

TABLE 1
Unit System Metric (m, kg, N, s, V, A) Degrees rad/s Celsius
Angle Degrees
Rotational Velocity rad/s
Temperature Celsius
Model (C4)

Geometry

TABLE 2
Model (C4) > Geometry
Object Name Geometry
State Fully Defined
Definition
Source C:\Users\me7\Documents\rohit sushil_files\dp0\SYS-4\DM\SYS-4.agdb
Type DesignModeler
Length Unit Millimeters
Element Control Program Controlled
Display Style Body Color
Bounding Box
Length X 3.2513e-002 m
Length Y 3.7543e-002 m
Length Z 2.e-002 m
Properties
Volume 1.2026e-005 m
Mass 9.3202e-002 kg
Scale Factor Value 1.
Statistics
Bodies 1
Active Bodies 1
Nodes 4837
Elements 882
Mesh Metric None
Basic Geometry Options
Parameters Yes
Parameter Key DS
Attributes No
Named Selections No
Material Properties No
Advanced Geometry Options
Use Associativity Yes
 Coordinate Systems No
Reader Mode Saves Updated File No
Use Instances Yes
Smart CAD Update No
Attach File Via Temp File Yes
Temporary Directory C:\Users\me7\AppData\Local\Temp
Analysis Type 3-D
Decompose Disjoint Geometry Yes
Enclosure and Symmetry Processing Yes
TABLE 3
Model (C4) > Geometry > Parts
Object Name Solid
State Meshed
Graphics Properties
Visible Yes
Transparency 1
Definition
Suppressed No
Stiffness Behavior Flexible
Coordinate System Default Coordinate System
Reference Temperature By Environment
Material
Assignment Stainless Steel
Nonlinear Effects Yes
Thermal Strain Effects Yes
Bounding Box
Length X 3.2513e-002 m
Length Y 3.7543e-002 m
Length Z 2.e-002 m
Properties
Volume 1.2026e-005 m
Mass 9.3202e-002 kg
Centroid X -1.6657e-019 m
Centroid Y 4.1485e-019 m
Centroid Z 1.e-002 m
Moment of Inertia Ip1 1.2326e-005 kgm
Moment of Inertia Ip2 1.2326e-005 kgm
Moment of Inertia Ip3 1.8423e-005 kgm
Statistics
Nodes 4837
Elements 882
Mesh Metric None
Coordinate Systems

TABLE 4
Model (C4) > Coordinate Systems > Coordinate System
 Object Name Global Coordinate System
State Fully Defined
Definition
Type Cartesian
Coordinate System ID 0.
Origin
Origin X 0. m
Origin Y 0. m
Origin Z 0. m
Directional Vectors
X Axis Data [ 1. 0. 0. ]
Y Axis Data [ 0. 1. 0. ]
Z Axis Data [ 0. 0. 1. ]
Mesh

TABLE 5
Model (C4) > Mesh
Object Name Mesh
State Solved
Defaults
Physics Preference Mechanical
Relevance 0
Sizing
Use Advanced Size Function Off
Relevance Center Coarse
Element Size Default
Initial Size Seed Active Assembly
Smoothing Medium
Transition Fast
Span Angle Center Coarse
Minimum Edge Length 1.8771e-002 m
Inflation
Use Automatic Inflation None
Inflation Option Smooth Transition
Transition Ratio 0.272
Maximum Layers 5
Growth Rate 1.2
Inflation Algorithm Pre
View Advanced Options No
Patch Conforming Options
Triangle Surface Mesher Program Controlled
Advanced
Shape Checking Standard Mechanical
Element Midside Nodes Program Controlled
Straight Sided Elements No
 Number of Retries Default (4)
Extra Retries For Assembly Yes
Rigid Body Behavior Dimensionally Reduced
Mesh Morphing Disabled
Defeaturing
Pinch Tolerance Please Define
Generate Pinch on Refresh No
Automatic Mesh Based Defeaturing On
Defeaturing Tolerance Default
Statistics
Nodes 4837
Elements 882
Mesh Metric None
Static Structural (C5)

TABLE 6
Model (C4) > Analysis
Object Name Static Structural (C5)
State Solved
Definition
Physics Type Structural
Analysis Type Static Structural
Solver Target Mechanical APDL
Options
Environment Temperature 22. C
Generate Input Only No
TABLE 7
Model (C4) > Static Structural (C5) > Analysis Settings
Object Name Analysis Settings
State Fully Defined
Step Controls
Number Of Steps 1.
Current Step Number 1.
Step End Time 1. s
Auto Time Stepping Program Controlled
Solver Controls
Solver Type Program Controlled
Weak Springs Program Controlled
Large Deflection Off
Inertia Relief Off
Restart Controls
Generate Restart Points Program Controlled
Retain Files After Full Solve No
Nonlinear Controls
Force Convergence Program Controlled
Moment Convergence Program Controlled
 Displacement Convergence Program Controlled
Rotation Convergence Program Controlled
Line Search Program Controlled
Stabilization Off
Output Controls
Stress Yes
Strain Yes
Nodal Forces No
Contact Miscellaneous No
General Miscellaneous No
Store Results At All Time Points
Max Number of Result Sets Program Controlled
Analysis Data Management
Solver Files Directory C:\Users\me7\Documents\rohit sushil_files\dp0\SYS-4\MECH\
Future Analysis None
Scratch Solver Files Directory
Save MAPDL db No
Delete Unneeded Files Yes
Nonlinear Solution No
Solver Units Active System
Solver Unit System mks
TABLE 8
Model (C4) > Static Structural (C5) > Loads
Object Name Fixed Support Force
State Fully Defined
Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Geometry 1 Face
Definition
Type Fixed Support Force
Suppressed No
Define By Components
Coordinate System Global Coordinate System
X Component 500. N (ramped)
Y Component 0. N (ramped)
Z Component 0. N (ramped)
Solution (C6)

TABLE 9
Model (C4) > Static Structural (C5) > Solution (C6) > Solution Information
Object Name Solution Information
State Solved
Solution Information
Solution Output Solver Output
Newton-Raphson Residuals 0
Update Interval 2.5 s
 Display Points All
FE Connection Visibility
Activate Visibility Yes
Display All FE Connectors
Draw Connections Attached To All Nodes
Line Color Connection Type
Visible on Results No
Line Thickness Single
Display Type Lines
TABLE 10
Model (C4) > Static Structural (C5) > Solution (C6) > Results
Object Name Normal Elastic Strain Normal Stress
State Solved
Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Geometry All Bodies
Definition
Type Normal Elastic Strain Normal Stress
Orientation X Axis
By Time
Display Time Last
Coordinate System Global Coordinate System
Calculate Time History Yes
Identifier
Suppressed No
Integration Point Results
Display Option Averaged
Results
Minimum -1.9411e-005 m/m -4.5396e+006 Pa
Maximum 1.9269e-005 m/m 4.5285e+006 Pa
Information
Time 1. s
Load Step 1
Substep 1
Iteration Number 1
Material Data

Stainless Steel

TABLE 11
Stainless Steel > Constants
Density 7750 kg m^-3
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion 1.7e-005 C^-1
Specific Heat 480 J kg^-1 C^-1
Thermal Conductivity 15.1 W m^-1 C^-1
Resistivity 7.7e-007 ohm m
 TABLE 12
Stainless Steel > Compressive Yield Strength
Compressive Yield Strength Pa
2.07e+008
TABLE 13
Stainless Steel > Tensile Yield Strength
Tensile Yield Strength Pa
2.07e+008
TABLE 14
Stainless Steel > Tensile Ultimate Strength
Tensile Ultimate Strength Pa
5.86e+008

RESULTS- results of normal stress and strain analysis are shows below in figures.
 (a)-normal strain in rod
(b) normal stress in rod
(c) normal strain in shaft
 (d) normal stress in shaft

(e) normal strain in bolt (f) normal stress in bolt