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Name: 1.

How is scientific thinking different from other


activities involving thought?
Date: Day: Period:

End of Course Exam Study Guide


2. Explain how scientific knowledge is open to
Big Idea 1 change. Based on new information.
1. What are the parts of the Scientific Method? 3. What kind of backgrounds do scientists come
Ask a Question, Form a Hypothesis, Test the from? All kinds of backgrounds.
Hypothesis, Analyze the Results, Draw
Conclusions, Communicate Results Big Idea 3

2. Why is it important for scientific investigations 1. How is a scientific theory different from
to be replicable? So that others can repeat and everyday theories? Everyday theories can just be
show accuracy predictions or guesses. Scientific theories are
fully formed scientific explanations that are
3. What is the difference between the three different supported by data and evidence.
types of scientific investigations? (research,
observation, experimentation) 2. What is a scientific theory? Give an example. A
scientific theory is an explanation. A theory is
Research: looking for or receiving information valid as long as there is no evidence to dispute it.
from a reliable source. Example: Relativity, Evolution, Big Bang,
Observation: Using your senses to collect data. Atomic, Plate Tectonics

Experimentation: Perform steps of an 3. What is a scientific law? Give an example. A


experiment. descriptive statement or equation that reliably
predicts events under certain conditions.
4. What would scientists do if they concluded Scientific laws must be simple, true, universal,
different results during a scientific investigation? and absolute. Statements of fact that are
universally true. Examples: Motion,
Check for mistakes, help in construction a
Conservation of Energy, Planetary Motion,
reasonable explanation, repeat the investigation
Universal Gravitation
to verify results, new insight into the original
question, share knowledge and information, ask 4. How can scientists use models? To study things
new questions, form new hypotheses, and inspire in greater detail. They can create physical or
new investigations and discoveries. mathematical models.

(discuss, compare, analyze, negotiate)

5. What are two ways that science involves Big Idea 6


creativity? Designing an experiment and create
explanations that fit evidence. 1. How is the Earths surface affected by erosion?
The process by which ice, wind, water, or gravity
6. What does durable mean? To be able to last a transports soil and sediment from one location to
long time such as concepts in science because another.
they are heavily researched and supported by
empirical evidence.

Big Idea 2
2. How is the Earths surface affected by 3. Name two of the 4 things the atmosphere
deposition? The process by which material is laid provides living things.
down.
a) It contains important gases like oxygen and
3. How is the Earths surface affected by carbon dioxide.
physical/mechanical weathering? The process by
which rocks break down into smaller pieces by b) Provides warmth.
physical means.
(c) Allows liquid water.
4. How is the Earths surface affected chemical
weathering? The process by which rocks break (d) Protects from radiation and meteoroids.
down as a result of chemical reactions.
4. Why does unequal heating of air, land and water
5. What is a landform? The process by which cause wind? Because they heat at different rates,
rocks break down as a result of chemical it causes differences in density and pressure
reactions. which causes wind.

6. Describe following 7 different types of 5. What is the difference between climate and
landforms. Which of them are found in Florida? weather? Weather is the condition of the
atmosphere at a particular time. Climate is the
Coastline/Shoreline: Florida A place where land average weather condition in an area over a long
and a body of water meet. period of time.

Dune: Florida A mound of wind deposited sand 6. What part of the water cycle provides what is
that moves as a result of the action of wind. needed for the formation of rain clouds?
Evaporation
Mountain: A landmass that projects high above
its surroundings and is higher than a hill. 7. How do you stay safe during severe weather?
Stay away from water, get close to the ground,
Glacier: An enormous mass of moving ice. stay away from metal, find shelter, evacuate if
needed.
Lake: Florida A large inland body of standing
water. Big Idea 14
River: Florida A natural stream of water usually 1. What are the 6 characteristics of living things?
with a large volume.
DNA, cells, reproduce, respond to stimuli, use
Delta: Florida A fan-shaped mass of material energy, grow and develop
deposited at the mouth of a stream.
2. Describe the 7 levels of organization going from
Big Idea 7 smallest to largest. Atoms, molecules, cells,
tissues, organs, organ systems, organism
1. How is heat transferred by conduction? Direct
contact through a material (two objects 3. What are the differences between prokaryotic
touching) cells and eukaryotic cells? Pro: single celled, no
membrane bound organelles Euk: single or
2. What three spheres are interacting if colder
multicellular, DNA in nucleus
winter temperatures are forming ice on the tundra
and animals are going into hibernation? 4. What are the 3 parts of the cell theory?
Atmosphere, Cryosphere, Biosphere
1. All living things are made of one or more cells. 13. Describe the 4 types of infectious diseases.
2. Cells come from preexisting cells. 3. The cell Virus: nonliving, depends on living things to
is the basic unit of life. reproduce

5. Describe the 8 organelles found in both plant and Parasite: gets nutrients and energy from its host
animal cells. Mitochondria, cell membrane, while the host is weakened or dies
nucleus, ribosomes, lysosomes, endoplasmic
reticulum, cytoplasm, Golgi Complex Bacteria: live in most environments, can be
helpful to environment and humans, and can
6. Describe the 3 organelles that are only found in also cause disease if pathogenic in humans
plant cells. Cell wall, large central vacuole,
chloroplast Fungi: non-green, eukaryotic, does not move,
reproduce by spore, no photosynthesis, break
7. What is the difference between active and down substances in their surroundings and
passive transport? Passive: no energy, uses absorb nutrients for food.
osmosis and diffusion, moves from high to low
concentration. Active: uses energy, moves from Big Idea 15
low to high concentration 1. How are living things classified? Into groups
8. What is the difference between osmosis and based on similar characteristics and traits.
diffusion? Osmosis is only water and diffusion 2. What are the different levels of classification?
can be water and particles Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order,
9. What is the function of each of the following Family, Genus, species.
organ systems? Name an organ found in each. 3. Describe the different Domains.
Digestive: break down food to make energy. Domain Bacteria: Prokaryotes no nucleus
Stomach Found in soil, in water, and even on and inside
the human body
Circulatory/Cardiovascular: deliver nutrients to
the body. heart Domain Archea: Prokaryotes no nucleus
Extreme environments where other organisms
Integumentary: provides protection to the body. do not survive.
Skin
Domain Eukarya: All organisms whose cells
Skeletal: provides support. skull have a nucleus and membrane bound cells.

Respiratory: breathe in oxygen and expel carbon


dioxide. Lung 4. Describe the different Kingdoms.

Urinary/Excretory: removes wastes from the body. Kingdom Fungi: Complex multi-cellular
kidney organisms. Do not perform photosynthesis. Do
not eat food. Use digestive juices to break down
Nervous: controls and regulates the body. brain the substances in its surroundings.

Immune: protects the body from infection. White Kingdom Plantae: Complex multi-cellular
blood cells organisms. Cell walls. Make food though
photosynthesis, so they must be exposed to
Muscular: allows movement. bicep
sunlight.
Kingdom Protista: Single-celled or multi- 5. A kangaroo hops 60 m to the east in 5 s. What is
cellular organisms. Protozoans animal like the kangaroos average speed? 12 m/s
protists. Algae plant like protists
6. Kira jogs to a store 72 m away in a time of 36 s.
Kingdom Animalia: Complex multi-cellular What is Kiras average speed? 2 m/s
organisms. No cell wall. Move around.
Specialized sense organs. Depend on organisms 7. John enjoys riding his bike. He peddles with a
from other kingdoms. force of 200 N against a wind that exerts a force of
50 N. The friction between the tires of the bike and
dirt road is 25 N. What is the net force acting on
Johns bike?
Big Idea 11
A. 75 N against the wind
1. What is the Law of Conservation of Energy?
Scientific law that states that energy cannot be B. 125 N against the wind
created or destroyed but can be changed from
one form to another. C. 150 N against the wind

2. What is the difference between kinetic and D. 175 N against the wind
potential energy? Kinetic energy is the energy of
an object that is due to the objects motion.
Potential energy is the energy that an object has
because of the position, shape, or condition of the
object.

Big Idea 13

1. Explain how forces can act on an object by direct


contact. Forces can act on an object by direct
contact by touching such as friction.

2. Explain how forces can act on an object from a


distance. Forces can act on an object from a
distance by not touching such as gravity,
magnetism and electricity.

3. Explain how gravity is affected by mass and


distance. The closer it is and the larger it is, the
more the pull. The farther away and the smaller
it is the less the pull.

4. What is the difference between an unbalanced


force and a balanced force? Give an example of
each. Balanced forces cause no movement and
have a net force of 0N such as a glass sitting on a
counter. Unbalanced forces call movement such
as the glass falling over.

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