PE & S Lab Manual-Student Copy - NBA-May-2012 - Copy-2

Power Electronics & Simulation Lab
1. STUDY OF CHARACTERISTICS OF SCR, MOSFET & IGBT

(a) STATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SCR
AIM :
To plot the characteristics of SCR and to find the forward resistance holding current
and latching current.
APPARATUS :
1) CHARACTERISTICS STUDY UNIT

2) 0-50V DC voltmeter
3) 0-500mA DC ammeter
4) 0-25mA DC Ammeter
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
PROCEDURE :
1) Make the connections as per the circuit diagram

2) Now switch on the supply and initially keep v1 and v2 at minimum
3) Set load potentiometer R1 in the minimum position.
4) Adjust Ig1 to some value say 10mA by varying V2 or gate current potentiometer
R2 vary V1 and note down VAK and IA READINGS.
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SVEC. 1

5) Further vary V1 till SCR conducts, this can be noted by sudden drop of VAK and IA
readings.
6) Draw the graph VAK vs IA .
7) Repeat the same procedure for different gate currents.
MODEL GRAPH:

TO FIND LATCHING CURRENT AND HOLDING CURRENT :
1) Apply about 20V between anode and cathode by varying V1.

2) Keep the load potentiometer R1 in minimum position.
3) The device must be in the OFF state with gate open.
4) Gradually increase gate voltage V2 till the device turns ON. This is the minimum gate
current required to turn ON the device.
5) Adjust the gate voltage to a slightly higher value and set the load potentiometer at the
maximum resistance position, the device should come to OFF state.
6) The gate voltage should be kept constant in this experiment.
7) By varying R1, gradually increase anode current IA in steps.
8) Open and close the gate voltage V2 switch after each switch.
9) If the anode current is greater than the latching current of device, the device stays ON
even after the gate switch is opened otherwise the device goes in to blocking mode as
soon as the gate switch is opened.
10) Note down the latching current.
11) Increase the anode current from the latching current level by load pot R1 or V1.
12) Open the gate switch permanently, the thyristors must be carefully ON.
13) Now start reducing the anode current gradually by adjusting R1.
14) If the thyristor does not turns OFF even after the R1 at maximum position then reduce
V1.
15) Observe when the device goes to blocking mode.
16) The anode current at this instant is holding current of the devices.
17) Repeat the steps again to get the holding current IH.
TABULAR FORM :
VBO1=20.5V , IG1=7.2mA VBO2=10V , IG2= 7.4mA

S.NO.
VAK (V) IA (A) VAK (V) IA (A)
RESULT :

(b) CHARACTERISTICS OF MOSFET
AIM:
To plot the input and transfer characteristics of a MOSFET to find ON state resistance
and the transfer conductance.
APPARATUS:
1) MOSFET IRF 740
2) Resistors 10K/25w, 75/25W, 4K/25W
3) DC voltmeter 0-50V
5) DC ammeter 0-500mA
THEORY:
A metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor is a recent device developed by
combining the areas of field effect concept and technology.
The transfer characteristics of MOSFET shows the variation of drain current ID as a
fuction of gate source voltage VGS. The device is in OFF state upto some voltage called
threshold device voltage. The output characteristics of Power MOSFET indicate the variation
of Drain current ID as a function of Drain source voltage VDS as a parameter.
This device combines into advantages of IGBT and BJT. So this device has high
impedence and low ON state power like BJT. It is a new development in the ared of power
MOSFET technology. All the devices are mounted on proper heat sink. Each device is
protected by snubber circuit.
PROCEDURE:
TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS:
1) Make connections as per the circuit diagram.
2) Initially keep V1 and V2 minimum and set V1 ( VDS1)= 10V.
3) Slowly vary V2 i.e., VGS and note down ID and VGS reading for every 1V.
4) Repeat the same procedure for different values of VDS and draw the graph VGS
vs ID .
COLLECTOR CHARACTERISTICS:
1) Initially set V2 i.e., VGS to 3.5V.

2) Slowly vary V1 and note down ID and VDS .
3) For a particular value of VGS1 there is a pinch off voltage VP between drain and
source.
4) Repeat the same for different values of VGS and draw the graph between VDS vs
ID

CIRCUIT DAIGRAM:
MODEL GRAPH:

TABULARFORM:
TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS :
S.NO VDS1=5V VDS2=10V
ID
VGS (V) VGS (V) ID (mA)
(mA)
DRAIN CHARACTERISTICS:
S.NO VGS1=5V VGS2=10V
VDS (V) ID (mA) VDS (V) ID (mA)
RESULT :

(c) CHARACTERISTICS OF IGBT
AIM :
To plot the input and transfer characteristics of an IGBT to find ON state resistance
and the transfer conductance.
APPARATUS :
1) IGBT 1RG BC 20S
2) Resistors 10K/25w, 75/25W
5) DC ammeter 0-500mA
THEORY : It is a new development in the area of power MOSFET technology. This
device combines in to advantages of both MOSFET and BJT. So an IGBT has high input
impedance like as MOSFET and low ON state power like BJT. Further IGBT is free from
second breakdown problem present in BJT. IGBT is also known as metal oxide insulated gate
transistor.
It was also called as insulated gate transistor. The static characteristics or output
characteristics of IGBT shows plot of collector current IC vs collector emitter voltage VCE
for various values of gate emitter voltage. In the forward direction the shape of output
characteristics is similar to that of BJT and have the controlling parameter is gate-emitter
voltage VGE because IGBT is a voltage controlled device. The device developed by
combining the areas of field effect concept and technology.
CIRCUIT DAIGARAM:
PROCEDURE :
TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS :
2) Initially keep V1 and V2 minimum and set V1 ( VCE1) = 10V.
3) Slowly vary V2 i.e., VGE and note down IC and VGE reading for every 1V.
4) Repeat the same procedure for different values of VCE and draw the graph VGE
vs. IC .

COLLECTOR CHARACTERISTICS :
1) Initially set V2 i.e., VGE to 5V. Slowly vary V1 and note down IC and VCE .
2) For a particular value of VGE1 there is a pinch off voltage VP between collector and
emitter.
3) Repeat the same for different values of VGE and draw the graph between VCE vs IC
MODEL GRAPH:

TABULAR FORM :
S.NO VCE1=5V VCE2=10V
VGE (V) IC (mA) VGE (V) IC (mA)
S.NO VGE1=5V VGE2=10V
VCE (V) IC (mA) VCE (V) IC (mA)
RESULT :

2. GATE FIRING CIRCUITS FOR SCR

AIM:
To study and compare resistance firing circuit with the resistance-capacitance firing
circuits.
APPARATUS:
1) Control HWR and FWR using resistance circuits.

2) Rheostat 50/2A
3) CRO
4) connecting wires
THEORY:
The most common method for controlling the onset of conduction in an SCR is by
means of gate voltage control. The gate control circuit is also called as firing or triggering
circuits. These gating circuits are usually low power electronic circuits. The firing circuit
should fulfill the functions. An SCR can be switched from OFF state to ON state in several
ways. These are forward voltage triggering, dv/dt triggering, light triggering is used in some
applications particularly in a series connected string gate triggering is the most common
method of turning ON the SCR at desired instant of time.
PROCEDURE:
R-TRIGGERING:

2) Connect the rheostat of 50/2A between the load points.
3) Vary the control pot and observe the voltage waveform across the load, SCR and
different points of circuits.
4) We can vary the firing angle from 0 to 90 degrees only in R-triggering. In this
synchronized firing angle can be obtained easily and economically in the half-
cycle of the supply.
5) But there is a drawback that firing angle can controlled at the most at 900 since the
gate current is in phase with the applied voltage.
6) A resistance is connected in series with the control pot so that the gate current
does not cross the maximum possible value IG max.
7) Draw the waveform across the load and device for different values of firing
angles.

RC-TRIGGERING:
1) Connect a capacitor to R-triggering circuit to realize RC triggering.

2) Repeat the above procedure and draw the waveforms across the load and device
for different values of firing angles..
CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS:

MODEL GRAPH:


CALCULATIONS:
Average output voltage:

VO = sin
2

= (1+Cos )
2
1
VRMS = 2 2
2
TABULAR FORMS:
R-FIRING:
PRACTICAL THEORITICAL
Firing
S.NO
angle
VM( V) VAVG(V) VRMS(V) VM( V) VAVG(V) VRMS(V)
RC-FIRING:
PRACTICAL THEORITICAL
Firing
S.NO
angle
VM( V) VAVG(V) VRMS(V) VM( V) VAVG(V) VRMS(V)
RESULT:

3. SINGLE PHASE A.C. VOLTAGE CONTROLLER WITH R & RL

LOADS
AIM:
To observe the output wave forms of 1-phase A.C. voltage controller with R and RL
loads using SCRs.
APPARATUS:
1) SCR(tyn612)-2
2) Rheostat 50/2A
3) Inductor 50Mh
4) Cathode ray oscilloscope
5) Connecting wires
THEORY:
By connecting the reverse parallel pair of SCRs or TRIAC between AC supply and
load the voltage applied to load can be controlled. This type of power controller or regulator.
Some of the main applications of AC voltage regulator are for domestic and industrial
heating.
Transformer tap changing, lightening, speed control of 1-phase and 3-phase AC
drives and starting of induction motors earlier. The devices used for applications are Auto
transformers, tap t/f, magnetic amps, saturable and triac based controller because of their high
efficiency flexibility in control. Compact size and less maintaince. A.C.voltage controllers
are also closed loop control systems.
PROCEDURE:
1) Switch on the main supply of the firing circuit and observe trigger outputs by
varying the firing angle.
2) Make sure that firing pulses are proper before connecting to the power circuit.
3) Make the connections as connect the trigger pulses from firing circuit to
corresponding SCR TRIAC in power circuit
4) Connect the A.C. supply to power through step down transformer.
5) Connect the load of 50/2a rheostat.
6) Switch on the step down t/f supply and trigger outputs and observe the
waveforms in the CRO.
7) Note down the o/p voltage, firing angle, I/p voltage.

Tabular Forms:
For R-Load
Firing Practical Theoretical

S.No angle Vavg(v) Vrms(V) Vavg(v) Vrms(v) Idc (A)
() R-load R-load RL- load RL- load
For RL-Load
Firing Practical Theoretical

S.No angle Vavg(v) Vrms(V) Vavg(v) Vrms(v) Idc (A)
() R-load R-load RL- load RL- load

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

MODEL GRAPHS:
Result:
VIVA QUESTIONS :
1) What is the specialty of an AC voltage controller?
2) What is the device which can replace the AC voltage controller?
3) What type of commutation is employed in this circuit?

4. 1- FULLY CONTROLLED BRIDGE CONVERTER WITH R & RL

LOADS
AIM: To study single phase fully controlled bridge converter with R and RL loads.
APPARATUS :
1) 1-ph converter firing circuit
2) 1-ph fully controlled power circuit
3) Rheostat- 50/2A
4) Inductor-50mH
5) Power scope
6) CRO
THEORY:
A 1-ph full bridge converter using four SCRs is shown in figure. The load is assumed
to be R and RL. Thyristor pair T1 and T2 is simultaneously triggered and radians after pair
T3 and T4 is gated together.
During the positive half cycle SCRs T1 and T1I are forward biased and when there
two thyristors are fired simultaneously at wt = , the load is connected to the input through T1
and T1I. In this case of inductive loads during the period <wt < + the input voltage is
negative and freewheeling diode Dm is forward biased. Dm conducts to provide the
conductivity of current in the inductive load. The load current is transferred from T1 and T1I
to DM and thyristors T1 and T1I are turned off due to line or natural commutation.
During the negative half cycle of the input voltage thyristors T2 and TI2 are forward
biased. The firing of thyristors T2 and T2I simultaneously at wt = + will reverse bias DM.
the diode DM is turned off and the load is connected to the supply through T2 and T2I .
PROCEDURE:
1) Make the connections as shown in figure
2) Apply triggering pulse to SCR T1 , T1I , T2 , T2I
3) Now vary the firing angle and note down the readings of the output voltage.
4) Observe the fully controlled waveform in CRO
5) Perform the same operations with RL loads and with freewheeling diode with RL load
6) Avoid using two CRO probes as there is a problem of short circuit.
PRECAUTIONS :
1) Avoid loose connections
2) While turning on first turn on the converter and then turn on the firing circuit.
3) While turning off first remove the firing the pulses and then turn off the converter.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS

1 full converter with RL Load & free wheeling Diode.
MODEL GRAPHS:

TABULAR FORM :
R-LOAD
Output Voltage Output Voltage

RL Load RL Load Output
Firing
S.No. Practical Theoretical Current
Angle()
VDC VRMS Iac(A)
VDC (V) VRMS (V)
(V) (V)
RL-LOAD
RL Load RL Load Output
S.No. Firing Angle() Practical Theoretical Current
VDC VRMS Iac(A)
VDC (V) VRMS (V)
(V) (V)
CALCULATIONS:
AVERAGE OUTPUT VOLATGE
1
VO =

= (1 + )

1
VRMS =[ [] m2sin2 t dt]2
Average load current
2
IDC = (1+cos)
RESULT:
VIVA QUESTIONS:

2) Is second quadrant operation possible with R-load?
3) For what firing angle in RL load the average output voltage is zero?
4) The average output power is purely reactive from what firing angle?
5) The output voltage waveform for R-load and RL-load with freewheeling diode are
similar. Why?

5. DC JONES CHOPPER WITH R & RL LOADS

AIM :
To rig up DC Jones chopper and to control output average DC voltage both at
constant frequency and variable frequency and at different firing cycles.
APPARATUS:
1) DC chopper power circuit

2) DC chopper firing circuit
3) DC regulated power supply 0-30V/2A
4) Rheostat 50/2A
THEORY:
In many industrial applications, it is required to connect a fixed voltage DC source

into a variable voltage DC source. A DC chopper converts directly from fixed DC to variable
DC and is also known as DC to DC converter. A chopper can be considered as DC equivalent
to an AC transformer with a continuously variable turns ratio. Like a transformer, it could be
used to step down or step up a DC voltage source. Choppers are widely used for traction
motor control in electric automobiles, trolley cars, marine hoists, forklift trucks and mine
haulers. They provide smooth acceleration control, high efficiency and fast dynamic
response. Chopper can be used in regenerative braking of DC motors to return energy back to
the supply and this feature results in energy savings for transportation systems with frequent
stops. Chopper can also be in DC voltage regulators.
The Jones chopper is another example of class-D commutation in which a charged
capacitor is switched by an auxiliary SCR to commutate the main SCR.
PROCEDURE:
1) Switch on the DC chopper firing circuit.

2) Observe the point signals and trigger output signals by carrying duty cycle and
frequency potentiometer.
3) Make sure that trigger outputs are proper before connecting to the power circuit.
4) Now, make the interconnections as per the circuit diagram.
5) Connect the DC supply from the variable DC source.
6) Initially set input DC supply to 10V.
7) Connect respective trigger outputs from the firing circuit to the respective SCRs in
the power circuit.
8) Initially keep firing circuit in OFF position.
9) Switch on the DC supply and now supply main SCR trigger pulses.
10) Observe the voltage waveform across load.
11) If commutation fails we can see only the DC voltage, in that case switch off the DC
supply, switch off the pulses and check the connections and try again.
12) Observe the voltage across the load, across capacitor, across main SCR and auxiliary
SCR by varying duty-cycle and frequency.
13) Now vary the DC supply upto 30V.
14) Draw the waveforms at different duty cycle and at different frequencies.
15) Connect voltmeter and ammeter and note down the values.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
MODELGRAPHS:

CALCULATIONS:

DUTY CYCLE, =
Total time period T = TON + TOFF ms
Output voltage VO = VIN volts
TABULAR FORM:
TON TOFF Output voltage (V)

Capacitor VIN (V) Duty
(ms) (ms) Practical Theoretical
s.no voltage Input cycle
ON OFF VO (V) VO (V)
VC (V) voltage ( )
time time
1 11 10 15 10 33.3% 3.17 2
2 11 10 7 8 46.6% 4.64 4
3 11 10 9.5 5.5 63.3% 6.07 6
4 11 10 10 5 66.6% 6.84 7
5 11 10 11.5 3.5 76.6% 7.54 8
6 11 10 14 1 93.33% 9.65 9
RESULT:
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1) What is chopper?
2) What type of commutation is employed in Jones chopper?
3) Is the commutation Voltage or current?
4) Mention any applications of choppers.

6. 1- PARALLEL INVERTER WITH R & RL LOADS

AIM:
To study the performance of center tapped transformer type parallel inverter at
different frequencies.
APPARATUS:
1) Parallel inverter
2) DC regulated power supply
3) Rheostat 50/2A
5) Connecting wires
THEORY:
This circuit is a typical class-C parallel inverter. Assume TN to be in ON and TP to be
in OFF state. The lower end of commutating capacitor is charged to twice the supply voltage
and remains at the value until TP is turned ON. When TP is turned ON, the current flows
through the lower end of primary TP and commutating inductance L . Since the voltage across
c cant be instantaneous the common SCR cathode raises approximately to 2V DC and
reverse bias TN. Thus TN turns OFF and C discharge through L and supply and then recharges
in reverse direction. The auto transformation makes C to charge making now its upper point
to reach +2V DC ready to commutate TP when TN is ON. The major purpose of commutation
inductance L is to limit the commutation capacitance charging current during switching.
Freewheeling diodes DP and DN assist the inverter in handling the wide range of loads and
value of C may be reduced since the capacitor now does not have to carry the reactive
current. To dampen the feedback diode currents with in the half period feedback diodes are
connected to tapings of transformer of 25V tapping.
PROCEDURE:
1) Switch on the firing circuit and observe the trigger output TP and TN by varying
potentiometer and by operating ON/OFF switch.
2) Connect DC power supply to power circuit.
3) Connect trigger output to gate cathode by SCR TP and TN.
4) Make the connections as in circuit diagram including Freewheeling diodes.
5) Set input voltage to 15V and aplly trigger pulses to SCR and observe voltage
waveform across load.
6) Remove freewheeling diode and observe the waveform. Vary the load and fo and
observe the waveform.
7) To switch off the inverter switch off DC input supply first and then switch off
trigger pulses.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
MODEL GRAPHS:

PRECAUTIONS:
1) Since the parallel inverter works on forced commutation there is a chance of

commutation failure. If the commutation fails there is dead short circuit in the
input DC supply which will lead to blowing of input fuse. Please check the fuse if
the commutation fails. Preferably connect the input DC supply from 30V/2A
Regulated power supply which has over current tripping facility thereby
protecting the DC power supply unit.
2) If the commutation fails switch OFF the DC supply first and then trigger output.
Check the connections again and restart.
TABULAR FORM :
S.No. VDC (V) TON (ms) Frequrncy (Hz) VLOAD (V)
CALCULATIONS :
1
Resonant frequency fR = 2
RESULT :
VIVA QUESTIONS :
1) To what voltage will the capacitor gets charged?

2) What is the need of the transformer is the circuit?

7. 1- HALF CONTROLLED BRIDGE CONVERTER WITH R & RL

LOADS
AIM:
To study single phase half controlled bridge converter with R and RL loads.
APPARATUS:
1) 1-ph converter firing circuit

2) 1-ph half controlled power circuit
3) Rheostat- 50/2A
4) Inductor-50mH
5) Power scope or CRO
THEORY:
The circuit arrangement of a 1-ph converter is shown in figure. In the positive half
cycle thyristor T1 is forward biased. When SCR T1 is fired at t = , the load is connected to
the input supply through T1 and D2 during the period from t + the input voltage is
negative and freewheeling diode DM is forward biased. DM conducts to provide continuously
current in case of inductive loads. In the negative half-cycle of input voltage T2 is forward
biased and triggering of T2 at t = + will reverse bias DM and is turned OFF. Load is
connected to supply through T2 and D1.
The converter has a better power factor due to the freewheeling diode and is
commonly used in applications up to 15KW where one quadrant operation is acceptable.
The half controlled bridge has the inhering freewheeling action and analysis is more
or less the same with or without a freewheeling diode is connected across the load. In
practical it is always adjustable to provide a freewheeling diode in a half-controlled converter
so that the commutation of SCRs is assumed inductive loads.
PROCEDURE:
1) Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.

2) Switch on the power circuit and next switch on trigger circuit.
3) Now vary the firing angle and note down the readings of the output voltage.
4) Observe the half-controlled waveform in CRO
5) Perform the same operations with RL loads.
6) Avoid using two CRO probes as there is a problem of short circuit.
PRECAUTION:
1) Avoid loose connections

2) While turning on first turn on the converter and then turn on the firing circuit.
3) While turning off first remove the firing the pulses and then turn off the converter.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS:

MODEL GRAPHS:
TABULAR FORM:
R-LOAD

R-Load R-Load Output
Serial Firing
Practical Theoretical Current
No. Angle()
VDC VRMS Iac(A)
VDC (V) VRMS (V)
(V) (V)

RL-LOAD
R-Load R-Load Output
Serial Firing
Practical Theoretical Current
No. Angle()
VDC VRMS Iac(A)
VDC (V) VRMS (V)
(V) (V)
CALCULATIONS:
AVERAGE OUTPUT VOLATGE

1
VO =

= (1 + )

1
VRMS =[ [] m2sin2 t dt]2
Average load current
2
IDC = (1+cos)
RESULT:

8. 1- SERIES INVERTER WITH R & RL LOADS

AIM: To study the behavior of modified series inverter by varying load resistance center tap
inductance of combination of capacitance at different inverter frequencies
APPARATUS :
1) Modified series inverter
2) D.C.regulated power supply
3) Rheostat 50/2A
5) Connecting wires
THEORY :
Inverters in which commutating components are permanently connected in series
with the load are called series inverter .The series circuit so formed must be under damped.
As the current attains zero value due to the nature of series circuit, series inverters are
classified as self-commutated (or) load commutation inverter.
These inverter operate at high frequencies (200hzto100khz) the size of
commutation components is small these inverters are used in induction heating fluorescent
lighting etc.
Two SCRs T1 and T2 are turned on app. so that o/p voltage of desired frequency
can be obtained when T1 ON T2 OFF. Current P starts building up, after reaching some peak
value decays to zero at one point. so that the load current tends to reverse SCRT1 is OFF after
T2 turns ON at point B capacitor begins to discharge and load current in reversed direction
builds up to some ve peak value and the process repeats at point c.T1 again turned and the
process repeats. In this manner DC is converted into AC with help of series inverter.
PROCEDURE:
1) Connections are made as per the circuit diagram
2) Now connect trigger o/p from the firing circuit to gate and cathode at SCRsT1&T2
3) Connect DC input from a 30V/2A regulated power supply
4) Switch ON the input DC supply by means of applying triggering pulses to the sets
5) Repeat the experiment for different frequencies and observe the voltages wave forms
across the load.
TABULAR FORM :
Frequency
S.NO VDC (V) TON (ms) TOFF (ms) VLOAD (V)
(Hz)
CALCULATIONS :
1
Resonant frequency fr = 2

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :
MODEL GRAPHS:

RESULT:
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1) What is an inverter?
2) What should be the condition between R-L-C components?
3) What type of commutation is employed to turn off SCR?
4) Can two thyristors be in ON condition at the same time?
5) While a capacitor is charging the other capacitor discharges. YES/NO?

9. PSPICE SIMULATION OF 1- FULL CONVERTER USING RLE

LOADS AND 1- AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLER USING RLE LOADS
PSPICE SIMULATION OF SINGLE PHASE FULL CONVERTER WITH

RLE LOAD
AIM: To analyze the single phase full converter with RLE Load.
SIMULATION TOOLS REQUIRED:
PC with PSPICE Software.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
SPECIFICATIONS:
Sinusoidal input: VOFF = 0V, VAMPL = 169.7V, FREQ = 50 Hz.

T1 and T2: V1 = 0V, V2 = 100V, TD = 3333.34us, TR = TF = 1ns, PW = 100us, PER =
20ms. T3 and T4: V1 = 0V, V2 = 100V, TD = 13333.34us, TR = TF = 1ns, PW = 100us,
PER = 20ms. Firing circuit: RG = 50 , VX, VY = 0V, RT = 1 , CT = 10uf, RON =
0.0125, ROFF = 10E+5, VON = 0.5V, VOFF = 0V, IS = 2.2E-15, BV = 1800V, TT = 0
sec.
THEORY:
Single phase full controlled converters are thyristors based circuits which
convert fixed alternating voltage into variable direct voltage change in magnitude.
The circuit consists to four thyristors connected in in bridge manner.

PROCEDURE:
FOR ANALYSIS USING PROGRAM:
1. Write the program in a new text file in PSpice AD.

2. Save the file using the notation file name .cir.
3. Activate the file by opening it.
4. Run the simulation process using blue button.
5. By clicking Add Trace icon, get the required waveform.
PROGRAM:
With RLE Load
SIGLE-PHASE FULL CONVERTER C IRCUIT WITH RLE LOAD
VS1 1 2 SIN(0 169.7V 50HZ)
R1 7 8 10OHM
L1 8 9 100MH
VDC 9 0 DC 100V
VG1 3 7 PULSE(0 100V 3333.34US 1NS 1NS 100US 20000US)
XT1 1 7 3 7 SCR
XT2 0 2 5 2 SCR
XT3 2 7 4 7 SCR
XT4 0 1 6 1 SCR
.SUBCKT SCR 1 2 3 2
S1 1 5 6 2 SMOD
RG 3 4 50OHMS
VX 4 2 DC 0V
VY 5 7 DC 0V
DT 7 2 DMOD
RT 6 2 1OHM
CT 6 2 10UF
F1 2 6 POLY(2) VX VY 0 50 11
.MODEL SMOD VSWITCH(RON=0.0125 ROFF=10E+5 VON=0.5V
VOFF=0V)
.MODEL DMOD D(IS=2.2E -15 BV=1800 TT=0)
.ENDS SCR
.TRAN 1US 60MS
.PROBE
.END

Model Graphs for Full Converter with RLE Load:
INPUT WAVEFORM
OUTPUT WAVEFORM
RESULT:

VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. What is your conclusion about this experiment?

2. Briefly explain the operation of single phase full converter.
3. Give the syntaxes for defining the following elements:
i. Pulse voltage
ii. Sinusoidal voltage
iii. Thyristor
iv. Switch
4. Explain about the command SUBCKT.
5. How will you give specifications for diode?

10. PSPICE SIMULATION OF SINGLE PHASE AC VOLTAGE

CONTROLLER WITH RLE LOAD
AIM: To analyze the single phase full converter with RL and RLE Loads.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
SPECIFICATIONS:
Sinusoidal input: VOFF = 0V, VAMPL = 169.7V, FREQ = 50 Hz.
T1: V1 = 0V, V2 = 100V, TD = 3333.34us, TR = TF = 1ns, PW = 100us, PER =
20ms.
T2: V1 = 0V, V2 = 100V, TD = 13333.34us, TR = TF = 1ns, PW = 100us, PER =
20ms.
Firing circuit: RG = 50 , VX, VY = 0V, RT = 1 , CT = 10uf, RON = 0.0125, ROFF
= 10E+5, VON = 0.5V, VOFF = 0V, IS = 2.2E-15, BV = 1800V, TT = 0 sec.
THEORY:
Ac voltage controllers are thyristors based devices which convert fixed
alternating voltage directly to variable alternating voltage without a change in
frequency. The circuit consists to two thyristors connected in anti-parallel.
PROCEDURE:

2. Save the file using the notation file name.cir.

PROGRAM:
SIGLE-PHASE AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLER CIRCUIT WITH RL

LOAD
VS1 1 0 SIN(0 169.7V 50HZ)
R1 2 3 10OHM
L1 3 8 10MH
VDC 8 0 100V
XT1 1 2 4 2 SCR
XT2 2 1 5 1 SCR
.SUBCKT SCR 1 2 3 2
S1 1 5 6 2 SMOD
RG 3 4 50OHMS
VX 4 2 DC 0V
VY 5 7 DC 0V
DT 7 2 DMOD
RT 6 2 1OHM
CT 6 2 10UF
F1 2 6 POLY(2) VX VY 0 50 11
.MODEL SMOD VSWITCH(RON=0.0125 ROFF=10E+5 VON=0.5V
VOFF=0V)
.MODEL DMOD D(IS=2.2E -15 BV=1800 TT=0)
.ENDS SCR
.TRAN 1US 60MS
.PROBE
.END
MODEL WAVEFORMS:
INPUT WAVEFORM

OUTPUT WAVEFORM
RESULT:
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
1. What is Full Converter?

2. Briefly explain about single phase AC voltage controller?
3. What is the command for calling a subprogram in Pspice?
4. Explain about the command SUBCKT?
5. What is your conclusion after doing the analysis?

10. PSPICE SIMULATION OF RESONANT PULSE

COMMUTATION CIRCUIT AND BUCK CHOPPER
PSPICE ANALYSIS OF RESONANT PULSE COMMUTATION

CIRCUIT
AIM: Pspice analysis of resonant pulse commutation circuit.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS:
Resonant Pulse Commutation Circuit
D1
10
0VV
1 10 T1 4
Vy
Rm
Cs 11 Rs 0.5
T2
750 ohms 5
0.1UF
C 2 L Lm
3 5MH
Vs Dm
6.4UH
31.2UF
6
T3
Vx
7 8 9 0V
10 V
R1 R2 R3
Vg1 10 MEG Vg2 10 MEG Vg3 10 MEG
SPECIFICATIONS:
VS = 200V, for diode DM : IS=1E-25 BV=1800,

Vg1: V1 = 0, V2 = 100V, TD = 0, TR = TF = 1us, PW = 0.4ms, PER = 1ms.
Vg2: V1 = 0, V2 = 100V, TD = 0.4ms, TR = TF = 1us, PW = 0.6ms, PER = 1ms.
Vg3: V1 = 0, V2 = 100V, TD = 0, TR = TF = 1us, PW = 0.2ms, PER = 1ms.
Internal thyristor circuit: switch: RON=0.1, ROFF=10E+6, VON=10V, VOFF=5V,
diode: IS=1E-25, BV=10000. Transient response specifications: 0.5US 3MS 1.5MS
0.5US. Conditions: abstol=1.000u, reltol=0.01, vntol=0.1, ITL5=20000

PROGRAM:
RESONANT PULSE COMMUTATION C IRCUIT

VS1 1 0 DC 200V
VG1 7 0 PULSE(0 100V 0 1US 1US 0.4MS 1MS)
VG2 8 0 PULSE(0 100V 0.4MS 1US 1US 0.6MS 1MS)
VG3 9 0 PULSE(0 100V 0 1US 1US 0.2MS 1MS)
RG1 7 0 10MEG
RG2 8 0 10MEG
RG3 9 0 10MEG
CS 10 11 0.1UF
RS 11 4 750OHMS
C 1 2 31.2UF IC=200V
L 2 3 6.4UH
D1 4 1 DMOD
DM 4 0 DMOD
.MODEL DMOD D(IS=1E -25 BV=1800)
RM 4 5 0.5OHM
LM 5 6 5MH
VX 6 0 DC 10V
VY 1 10 DC 10V
XT1 10 4 7 0 DCSCR
XT2 3 4 8 0 DCSCR
XT3 1 3 9 0 DCSCR
.SUBCKT DCSCR 1 2 3 4
DT 5 2 DMOD
ST 1 5 3 4 SMOD
.MODEL SMOD VSWITCH(RON=0.1 ROFF=10E+6 VON=10V
VOFF=5V)
.MODEL DMOD D(IS=1E -25 BV=10000)
.ENDS DCSCR
.TRAN 0.5US 3MS 1.5MS 0.5US
.PROBE
.options abstol=1.000u reltol=0.01 vntol=0.1 ITL5=20000
.END

PROCEDURE:

2. Save the file using the notation filename.cir.
MODEL WAVEFORMS:
V (1, 2)
1.0KV
0.5KV
0V
-0.5KV
-1.0KV
1.4ms 1.6ms 1.8ms 2.0ms 2.2ms 2.4ms 2.6ms 2.8ms
V(1,2)
Time
I(C)
2.0KA
1.0KA
0A
-1.0KA
-2.0KA
I(C)
Time

I(VX)
200mA
100mA
0A
-100mA
-200mA
I(VX)
Time
RESULT:
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
1. What is resonant pulse commutation?

2. What is carrier signal?
3. What is the procedure to define a switch and diode?
4. What is sub circuit?

PSPICE ANALYSIS OF BUCK CHOPPER
AIM: To analyze Buck chopper using PSPICE.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Vy T1 Le L
681.82UH 40.91UH
0V
R
RB 3 OHMS
250 OHMS Dm Ce
Vs 8.33UF
110V
Vg Vx 0V
10 V
SPECIFICATIONS:
VG: V1 = 0V, V2 = 20V, TD = 0, TR = TF = 0.1ns, PW = 27.28us, PER = 50us. For

Ce, IC = 60V. Firing circuit: RON = 0.1, ROFF = 10E+8, VON = 10V, VOFF = 5V,
For DT: IS = e-25, BV = 1000V. For DM, IS = 2.2e-15 , BV = 1000V, TT = 0.
THEORY:
A chopper is a high speed on (or) off switch. It connects source to load and
disconnects the load from source at a fast speed. If the average output voltage V0 is less
than the input voltage VS i.e, V0 < VS, then the corresponding chopper circuit is called
step-down chopper.
The principle of operation is as follows during the period in which

transistor (Tr ) is ON, the load voltage is equal to source voltage Vs. During the interval
in which Tr is off, the load current flows through the free-wheeling diode FD and load
voltage is therefore zero during T off. In this manner, a chopper DC voltage is produced
at the load terminals.
V0 VS
Where ,
= duty cycle = ON time of transistor(TON) / Total Time(T)

Hence, T = constant and Vs = constant
Therefore, The load voltage V0 can be controlled by varying duty cycle , the load
voltage is independent of load current.
PROGRAM:
BUCK CHOPPER
VS 1 0 DC 110V
VY 1 2 DC 0V
VG 7 3 PULSE(0 20 0 0.1NS 0.1NS 27.28US 50US)
RB 7 6 250OHMS
LE 3 4 681.28UH
CE 4 0 8.33UF IC=60V
L 4 8 40.91UH
R 8 5 3OHMS
VX 5 0 DC 0V
DM 0 3 DMOD
.MODEL DMOD D( IS=2.2E-15 BV=1000V TT=0)
XT1 2 3 6 3 DCSCR
DT 5 2 DMOD
ST 1 5 3 4 SMOD
.MODEL DMOD D(IS=1E -25 BV=1000V)
VOFF=5V)
.ENDS DCSCR
.TRAN 1US 1.6MS 1.5MS 1US
.PROBE
.END

PROCEDURE:

MODEL WAVEFORMS:
INPUT & OUTPUT WAVEFORMS

120V
80V
40V
0V
-40V
1.50ms 1.51ms 1.52ms 1.53ms 1.54ms 1.55ms 1.56ms 1.57ms 1.58ms 1.59ms
V(3) V(1)
Time
RESULT:
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
1. What is a chopper?
2. What is the syntax for defining an element?
4. What is sub circuit?

11.1- DUAL CONVERTER WITH R & RL LOADS

AIM:
To construct a single phase dual converter and to apply reversible voltage to load.
APPARATUS:
1) Auto transformer
2) Isolation transformer
3) Dual converter power and firing module
4) Loading rheostat-50/8A
5) Digital millimeters
7) Patch cards
THEORY:
Dual converter consists of two converters both are connected to the same load. The
purpose of a dual converter is to provide a reversible DC voltage to the load. It is needed for
DC motor drives where reversal is required. Dual converter provides four quadrant operations
hence the name dual. The two modes of operations are the non-circulating current mode and
circulating current mode. In the former only one bridge is triggered. When reversal of output
voltage is required, the firing pulses for concreting bridge are stopped and second bridge is
gated. Since the conducting SCRs in the first bridge will turn off only when the current goes
to zero, a small dead time must be allowed before the second bridge is gated otherwise: the
AC input will be shorted through the two bridges.
In the circulating current mode, both bridge are gated simultaneously, one operating
in the rectifying mode and the other in the inverting mode to avoid short circuits. This
scheme requires fully controlled bridges. The internal voltage of rectifier is higher and that of
inverter is lower than the output voltage. This can be done by two ways 1) by keeping supply
voltage V constant and firing bridge 1 (P- converter) at and bridge 2 (N-converter) at (-).
By keeping firing angle constant and maintaining supply voltage at rectifier bridge greater
than supply voltage at inverter bridge.
The dual converters can be operated with or without a circulating current. In this case
of operation without circulating current, only one converter operates at a time and carries the
load current and the other converter is completely blocked by inhibiting gate pulses.
However, the operation with circulating current has the following advantages.
1) The circulating current maintains continuous conduction of both converters over the
whole control range, independent of the load.
2) Since one converter always operates as a rectifier and the other converter operates as
an inverter, the power flow in either direction at any time is possible.
3) Since both converters are in continuous conduction the time response for changing
from quadrant to another is faster.


PROCEDURE:
DUAL CONVERTER IN NON-CIRCULATORY CURRENT MODE:
I) P-Converter is ON & N-Converter is OFF:

2) Connect rheostat at 50/8A.
3) Connect CRO across load.
4) Apply AC input voltage using isolation transformer.
5) Made P-converter ON & OFF the N-converter.
6) Vary firing angle observe load voltage waveforms on CRO.
7) Note down load voltage in steps by varying firing angle using multimeter.
Load voltage
Firing angle in degrees
VL(DC)
S.No. (N-converter) -
In volts
R RL
II) N-Converter is ON & P-Converter is OFF:

4) Apply AC input voltage using isolation transformer.
5) Made N-converter ON & P-converter OFF.

6) Vary firing angle observe load voltage waveforms on CRO.

Load voltage
Firing angle in degrees
VL(DC)
S.No. (N-converter) -
In volts
R RL
Firing angle of N-converter = firing angle of P-converter
III) DUAL CONVERTER IN CIRCULATORY CURRENT MODE:

4) Apply AC input voltage using isolation transformer. Say 30V range.
5) Made N-converter ON & P-converter ON.
6) Vary firing angle, observe load voltage waveforms on CRO.
Firing angle -
firing angle in degrees ( P- Load voltage VL
S.No. in degrees (N-
Converter) (DC) in volts
converter)
RESULT:

12.PERFORMANCE AND SPEED CONTROL OF DC DRIVE

UISNG 3- FULL CONVERTER
AIM: To draw the Firing angle Vs Speed characteristics of 3-phase fully controlled converter
fed DC Motor Drive.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.No. Name of the Equipment Specifications Qty

To suit 3-phase, 415V, 50HZ of suitable
1 Input isolation transformer 1No
supply ratio to suit the load ratings.
1. 3-phase fully controlled bridge 1No
converter power module.
2 Control modules
2. 3-phase converter firing circuit
1No
1. Resistance 230/2A 1No
3 Output(load) 2. Inductor of suitable value 1No
3. DC motor- 0.5H.P 1No
4 Measuring instrument Oscilloscope 1No
5 Connecting wires For connections
SPECIFICATIONS:
1. Thyristors (Marked as A,C and G): 6 Nos
S.NO PARAMETERS RATINGS

1 VRRM 1200V
2 VDRM 1200V
3 ITRMS 25AMPS
4 ITAVG 16AMPS
2. DIODES (Marked as A&C): 1No.
S.NO PARAMETERS RATINGS

1 VRRM 1200V
2 ITRMS 25AMPS
3 ITAVG 16AMPS
3. FUSES:
5A replaceable fuses are provided on MF-20 sockets at the back side of the
instrument.
4. Short circuit protection :
6A M.C.B is provided on the first panel.
5. Maximum allowable input voltage : 430V AC

6. Firing circuit: Isolated gate pulses 6 Nos.

7. Firing angle: ( 0 -180o )
THEORY:
A three phase bridge rectifier is commonly used in high power applications.

This is a full wave rectifier.
It can operate with or without a transformer and gives a 6-pulse ripples on the output
voltage.
The line-to-line voltage is 3 times the phase voltage of a three phase Y-connected
source.
Then Van= Vmsin(t) ; Vbn= Vmsin(t-1200) ; Vcn= Vmsin(t-2400).
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:
1. The connections are made as shown in the circuit of fully controlled rectifier with
motor load using isolation transformer.
2. Connect the input terminals N, R, Y and B of isolation transformer to respective
terminals N, R, Y and B of firing circuit.
3. Connect the output terminals R, Y and B of isolation transformer to respective
terminals R, Y and B of power module and firing circuit.
4. The gate cathode terminals of the 6 SCR are connected to the respective points from
firing module.
5. Check all connections and confirm connections made are correct before switching on
the instrument.
6. Output voltage of isolation transformer is restricted to around 180v line to get 220v
DC from 220v DC motor.
7. Switch ON power unit as well as firing circuit.
8. The output wave forms are seen as a CRO using 10:1 ratio probe.
9. The firing angle is varied and speed in rpm is noted.
10.Tabulate values in the table.
11. Bring the firing angle knob to minimum (anti clock) position.
12. Switch off M.C.B firing unit and three phase AC mains.
13. Plot a graph of speed in rpm versus firing angle.
PRACTICAL OBSERVATIONS:
For Motor Load:
S.No. Firing Angle () Speed (RPM) Voltage (Volts)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

MODEL GRAPH:
RESULT:

13. PERFORMANCE AND SPEED CONTROL OF 3-PHASE SLIP

RING INDUCTION MOTOR BY STATIC ROTOR RESISTANCE
CONTROL
AIM: To control speed of the three phase wound rotor inductor motor.
NAME PLATE DETAILS:
Phase : 3-
AC Machine : 3-H.P
Volts : 415V
Amps : 4.5A
Speed : 1380 RPM
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. Chopper Module
2. Tachometer
3. 3-phase auto transformer
4. 3-phase wound rotor Induction motor
5. Connecting wires
SPECIFICATIONS:
S.No. Devices / Parameters Qnty
1 IGBT: GP30B120KD 1
Ratings:
VRRM - 1200V
VDRM - 1200V
ITRMS - 40AMPS
ITAVG - 30AMPS
2 DIODES 6
Ratings:
VRRM -1200V

VDRM - 1200V
ITRMS - 10AMPS
ITAVG - 6AMPS
3 MAX. allowable average current at 2A DC

any duty cycle
4
Duty cycle 10% to 90%
50Hz
5 Operating frequency
THEORY:
Among all types of ac machines, the induction machine, particularly the cage type is,
most commonly used in industry. These machines are very economical, rugged and reliable
and are available in the range of Fractional Horse Power (F.H.P) to multi megawatt
capacity. Low power F.H.P machines are available in single-phase, but poly phase (three-
phase) machines are used most after in variable-speed drives. In a wound rotor machine, the
rotor rating winding is the similar to that of stator, but in a cage machine, the rotor has a
squirrel cage-like structure with shorted end rings.
Basically, the machine can be looked upon as a 3-phase transformer with a rotatory
and short circuited secondary. Both stator and rotor cores are made with laminated
Ferromagnetic steel sheets. The air gap in the machine is particularly uniform (non-salient
pole). One of the most fundamental principles of induction machines is the creation of a
rotating and sinusoidally distributed magnetic field in the air gap.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
PROCEDURE:
1. Power circuit connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram. Connect 3-phase
input to the 3-phase auto transformer. The output of the autotransformer terminals are
connected to the respective R,Y,B stator terminals of 3-phase wound rotor is
connected to the 3-phase input of respective R,Y,B terminals of 3-phase wound rotor
induction motor control unit.
2. Check all the connections and confirm connections made are correct before switching
on the equipments.
3. Keep pulse release switch at off position.
4. Keep duty cycle knob at minimum position, switch on the chopper firing circuit.
5. Keep autotransformer at minimum position; switch on the chopper power circuit
using 3-phase M.C.B.
6. Switch on the 3-phase mains.
7. Increase the autotransformer voltage slowly for suitable value such that motor
rotates.
8. Now keep duty cycle at minimum position switch on the pulse releasing key.
9. Vary voltage V by varying duty cycle of the chopper firing circuit and note down
corresponding by the formula R=V/I.
10. Reduce the duty cycle of the chopper is minimum.
11. Reduce the auto transformer voltage to zero. Switch off all the 3-phase mains
supply; switch off M.C.B. of the chopper unit. Remove the connections.
12. Plot a graph of rotor resistance R against speed N.

TABULAR FORM:
RESISTANCE SPEED IN
S.No. VOLTAGE(V) CURRENT(I)
R=V/I RPM
MODEL GRAPH:
RESULT:

14.PSPICE ANALYSIS OF 1- INVERTER WITH PWM

CONTROLLER
AIM: PSpice analysis of single phase inverter with PWM control.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
1 2
Vy 0V
Rg3 T3 D3
Rg1 T1 D1 12
8
11
7
3 Vx 4 R 5 L
10MH
Vs 0V 2.5 OHMS 6
100V
Rg4 T4 D4 Rg2 T2 D2
14 10
13 9
PWM Generator
R4
1 R1
5 100 KOHMS
1k
6 3
Ro
2 R2 75 OHMS
Vr Rin Co
2MEG 10pf
1k
Vc

Carrier and Reference signals
15 16 17
Rc1 Rc3 Rr
Vc1 2MEG Vc3 2MEG Vr 2MEG
SPECIFICATIONS:
VR: V1 = 50V, V2 = 0V, TD = 0, TR = TF = 8333.33us, PW = 1ns, PER =

16666.67us.
VC1: V1 = 0V, V2 = -30V, TD = 0, TR = TF = 1ns, PW = 8333.33us,
PER = 16666.67us. VC3: V1 = 0V, V2 = -30V, TD = 8333.33us, TR = TF =
1ns, PW = 8333.33us, PER = 16666.67us.
Firing circuit: RG = 50 , VX, VY = 0V, RT = 1 , CT = 10uf, RON = 0.0125, ROFF
= 10E+5, VON = 0.5V, VOFF = 0V, IS = 2.2E-15, BV = 1800V, TT = 0 sec. For Dt,
IS = e-15, BV = 1000V.
THEORY:
Dc to ac converters are known as inverters. The function of an inverter is

to change a dc input voltage to a symmetrical ac output voltage of desired magnitude
and frequency. The output voltage could be fixed or variable at a fixed or variable
frequency. A variable voltage can be obtained by varying the input DC voltage and
maintaining the gain of inverter constant. On the other hand, if the dc input voltage is
fixed and it is not controllable, a variable output voltage can be obtained by varying the
gain of the inverter, which is normally accomplished by pulse width modulation (PWM)
control within inverter. The inverter gain may be modified as the ratio of the ac output
voltage to dc input voltage.
The output voltage waveforms of ideal inverters should be sinusoidal.

However, the waveforms of practical inverters are non-sinusoidal and contain certain
harmonics. For low and medium power applications, square wave or quassi square
wave voltages may be acceptable; and for high-power applications, low distorted
sinusoidal waveforms are required. With the availability of high-speed power
semiconductor devices, the harmonic contents of output voltage can be minimized or
reduced significantly by switching techniques.

PROGRAM:
PULSE WIDTH MODULATION
VS 1 0 DC 100V
VR 17 0 PULSE(50V 0V 0 833.33US 833.33US 1NS 16666.67US)
RR 17 0 2MEG
VC1 15 0 PULSE(0 -30V 0 1NS 1NS 8333.33US 16666.67US)
RC1 15 0 2MEG
VC3 16 0 PULSE(0 -30V 8333.33US 1NS 1NS 8333.33US 16666.67US)
RC3 16 0 2MEG
R1 4 5 2.5
L 5 6 10MH
VX 3 4 DC 0V
VY 1 2 DC 0V
D1 3 2 DMOD
D2 0 6 DMOD
D3 6 2 DMOD
D4 0 3 DMOD
.MODEL DMOD D(IS=2.2E -15 BV=1800V TT=0)
XT1 2 3 7 3 DCSCR
XT2 6 0 9 0 DCSCR
XT3 2 6 11 6 DCSCR
XT4 3 0 13 0 DCSCR
DT 5 2 DMOD
ST 1 5 3 4 SMOD
.MODEL DMOD D(IS=1E -15 BV=1000V)
VOFF=5V)
.ENDS DCSCR
RG1 8 7 100
RG2 10 9 100
RG3 12 11 100
RG4 14 13 100
XPW1 17 15 8 3 PWM
XPW2 17 15 10 0 PWM
XPW3 17 16 12 6 PWM
XPW4 17 16 14 0 PWM
.SUBCKT PWM 1 2 3 4
R1 1 5 1K
R2 2 5 1K
RIN 5 0 2MEG
RF 5 3 100K
RO 6 3 75
CO 3 4 10PF

E1 6 4 0 5 2E+5
.ENDS PWM
.TRAN 10US 3MS 0 10US
.PROBE
.END
PROCEDURE:

OUTPUT WAVEFORM
120V
80V
40V
-0V
-40V
-80V
-120V
0s 0.5ms 1.0ms 1.5ms 2.0ms 2.5ms 3.0ms
V(3,6)
Time
RESULT:
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
1. What is an inverter?
2. What is the procedure to trace a waveform?
4. What is subckt?

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Power Electronics & Simulation Lab

1. STUDY OF CHARACTERISTICS OF SCR, MOSFET & IGBT

1) CHARACTERISTICS STUDY UNIT

1) Make the connections as per the circuit diagram

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SVEC. 1

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SVEC. 2

TO FIND LATCHING CURRENT AND HOLDING CURRENT :

1) Apply about 20V between anode and cathode by varying V1.

VBO1=20.5V , IG1=7.2mA VBO2=10V , IG2= 7.4mA

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SVEC. 3

(b) CHARACTERISTICS OF MOSFET

1) Initially set V2 i.e., VGS to 3.5V.

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SVEC. 4

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SVEC. 5

S.NO VDS1=5V VDS2=10V

S.NO VGS1=5V VGS2=10V

VDS (V) ID (mA) VDS (V) ID (mA)

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SVEC. 6

(c) CHARACTERISTICS OF IGBT

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SVEC. 7

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SVEC. 8

S.NO VCE1=5V VCE2=10V

VGE (V) IC (mA) VGE (V) IC (mA)

S.NO VGE1=5V VGE2=10V

VCE (V) IC (mA) VCE (V) IC (mA)

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SVEC. 9

2. GATE FIRING CIRCUITS FOR SCR

1) Control HWR and FWR using resistance circuits.

1) Make connections as per the circuit diagram.

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SVEC. 10

1) Connect a capacitor to R-triggering circuit to realize RC triggering.

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SVEC. 11

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SVEC. 12

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SVEC. 13

Average output voltage:

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SVEC. 14

3. SINGLE PHASE A.C. VOLTAGE CONTROLLER WITH R & RL

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SVEC. 15

Firing Practical Theoretical

Firing Practical Theoretical

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SVEC. 16

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SVEC. 17

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SVEC. 18

4. 1- FULLY CONTROLLED BRIDGE CONVERTER WITH R & RL

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SVEC. 19

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SVEC. 20

1 full converter with RL Load & free wheeling Diode.

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SVEC. 21

Output Voltage Output Voltage

1) What type of commutation is employed in this circuit?

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SVEC. 22

5. DC JONES CHOPPER WITH R & RL LOADS

1) DC chopper power circuit

In many industrial applications, it is required to connect a fixed voltage DC source

1) Switch on the DC chopper firing circuit.

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SVEC. 23

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SVEC. 24

TON TOFF Output voltage (V)

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SVEC. 25

6. 1- PARALLEL INVERTER WITH R & RL LOADS

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SVEC. 26

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SVEC. 27

1) Since the parallel inverter works on forced commutation there is a chance of