1

1 ........................................................................26

1.1 ..................................................................................26

1.1.1 ....................................................................................26

1.1.2 ............................................................................................26

1.1.3 ................................................................................27

1.2 ..........................................................................28

1.2.1 /.................................................28

1......................................................................28

2..................................................................28

3/........................................29

1.2.2 /.....................................................30

1......................................................................30

2...............................................................................31

3/........................................32

1.2.3 ..................................................32

1......................................................................32

2......................................................................32

3.................................................35

1.3 ...................................................................................................36

2 ....................................................................38

2.1 .............................................................38

2.1.1 ...........................................................38

2.1.2 ...........................................................38

1......................................................................38

2..........................................................38

3.....................................................39

2.1.3 ..............................................40

1..........................................................40

2.............................................40

3.........................................41

2.2 .............................................................43

2.2.1TechShopAmerica...................................................................................43

1...............................................................................43

2...............................................................................44

3...............................................................................44

2.2.2FabLabAmerica......................................................................................44

1...............................................................................44

2...............................................................................45

3...............................................................................45

2.2.3AccessSpaceEngland..............................................................................46

1...............................................................................46

2...............................................................................46

3...............................................................................46

2.2.4NoisebridgeAmerica...............................................................................46

1...............................................................................46

2...............................................................................47

3...............................................................................47

2.2.5ChaosCampGermany.............................................................................47

1...............................................................................47

2...............................................................................47

3...............................................................................47

2.3 .........................................................48

2.3.1Y-Combinatm..................................................................................................48

1...............................................................................48

2...............................................................................48

3...............................................................................48

4...............................................................................49

5...............................................................................49

2.3.2 500Startups.....................................................................................................49

1...............................................................................49

2...............................................................................49

3...............................................................................49

4...............................................................................50

5...............................................................................50

2.3.3Wework............................................................................................................50

1...............................................................................50

2...............................................................................50

3...............................................................................51

4...............................................................................51

5...............................................................................51

2.3.4PlugandPlay.....................................................................................................51

1...............................................................................51

2...............................................................................51

3...............................................................................52

4...............................................................................52

5...............................................................................52

2.3.5TechStars..........................................................................................................53

1...............................................................................53

2...............................................................................53

3...............................................................................53

4...............................................................................54

5...............................................................................54

3 ...............................................................55

3.1 ..................................................................................55

3.1.1 .................................................................................................55

1...............................................................................55

2...............................................................................55

3.....................................................57

3.1.2 .................................................................................................58

1......................................................................58

2..................................................................73

3..............................................................78

4...............................................................................81

5.....................................................82

3.1.3 .................................................................................................83

12011-2015 ........................................................83

2..................................................................85

3.....................................................86

4..........................................................89

5.....................................................90

3.2 ..................................................................................91

3.2.1 ...................................................................91

1..............................................................91

2..............................................................92

3..............................................................93

3.2.2 .......................................................................94

3.2.3 SWOT ..................................................................94

1.....................................................94

2.....................................................94

3.....................................................95

4.....................................................95

3.2.4 ...........................................................95

4 ...........................................................97

4.1 ..........................................................................97

4.2 .................................................98

4.2.1 .......................................................................98

4.2.2 .......................................................98

4.2.3 .......................................................98

4.2.4 ..............................................99

4.2.5 ...........................................................99

1..........................................................99

2..........................................................99

3.....................................99

4.2.6 .................................................................100

4.3 ...............................................101

4.3.1 .....................................................................101

4.3.2 .....................................................101

4.3.3 .....................................................102

4.3.4 ............................................102

4.3.5 .........................................................102

1........................................................102

2........................................................103

3..................................103

4.3.6 .................................................................103

4.4 ...............................................104

4.4.1 .....................................................................104

4.4.2 .....................................................104

4.4.3 .....................................................105

4.4.4 ............................................105

4.4.5 .........................................................105

1........................................................105

2........................................................105

3..................................106

4.4.6 .................................................................106

4.5 ...............................................107

4.5.1 .....................................................................107

4.5.2 .....................................................107

4.5.3 .....................................................108

4.5.4 ............................................108

4.5.5 .........................................................109

1........................................................109

2........................................................109

3..................................109

4.5.6 .................................................................110

4.6 ........................................................111

4.6.1 ..............................................................................111

4.6.2 .............................................................111

4.6.3 .............................................................112

4.6.4 .....................................................113

4.6.5 .................................................................113

1................................................................113

2................................................................113

3...........................................114

4.6.6 ..........................................................................115

5 ..............................................................117

5.1 ........................................................................117

5.2 .......................................................118

5.2.1 .................................................................118

1....................................................118

2........................................................128

3........................................................128

4........................................................129

5.2.2 .................................................................130

1...................................................130

2........................................................136

3........................................................137

4........................................................137

5.2.3 .................................................................138

1...................................................138

2........................................................139

3........................................................139

4........................................................140

5.2.4 .................................................................140

1...................................................140

2........................................................141

3........................................................141

4........................................................141

5.3 ........................................................................142

5.3.1 .................................................................142

1...................................................142

2........................................................142

3........................................................143

4........................................................143

5.3.2 .................................................................144

1...................................................144

2........................................................144

3........................................................145

4........................................................145

5.3.3 .................................................................146

1...................................................146

2........................................................149

3........................................................150

4........................................................150

5.3.4 .................................................................150

1...................................................150

2........................................................151

3........................................................151

4........................................................152

5.3.5 .................................................................152

1...................................................152

2........................................................153

3........................................................154

4........................................................155

6 .........................................................157

6.1 ....................................................................157

6.2 ....................................................................157

6.2.1 .......................................................................................................157

1.............................................................................157

2.............................................................................158

3.............................................................................159

4.............................................................................159

5.............................................................................160

6........................................................................160

7.............................................................................161

6.2.2 .......................................................................................................162

1.............................................................................162

2.............................................................................162

3.............................................................................163

4.............................................................................163

5.............................................................................163

6........................................................................164

7.............................................................................164

6.2.3 ...................................................................................................164

1.............................................................................164

2.............................................................................165

3.............................................................................165

4.............................................................................165

5.............................................................................165

6........................................................................166

7.............................................................................166

6.2.4 .......................................................................................................166

1.............................................................................166

10


2.............................................................................166

3.............................................................................167

4.............................................................................167

5.............................................................................167

6........................................................................168

6.2.5 ...............................................................................................168

1.............................................................................168

2.............................................................................168

3.............................................................................168

4.............................................................................168

5.............................................................................169

6........................................................................169

6.2.6 ...........................................................................................................170

1.............................................................................170

2.............................................................................170

3.............................................................................170

4.............................................................................170

5.............................................................................170

6........................................................................170

7.............................................................................171

6.2.7 ...................................................................................................171

1.............................................................................171

2.............................................................................171

3.............................................................................171

4.............................................................................172

5.............................................................................172

6........................................................................172

11


7.............................................................................172

6.2.8 ...................................................................................................173

1.............................................................................173

2.............................................................................173

3.............................................................................173

4.............................................................................173

5.............................................................................174

6........................................................................174

7.............................................................................174

6.2.9 TechTemple..............................................................................175

1.............................................................................175

2.............................................................................175

3.............................................................................175

4.............................................................................175

5.............................................................................175

6........................................................................176

7.............................................................................176

6.2.10 ....................................................................................176

1.............................................................................176

2.............................................................................176

3.............................................................................177

4.............................................................................177

5.............................................................................177

6........................................................................177

7.............................................................................178

6.2.11 .............................................................................................178

1.............................................................................178

12


2.............................................................................178

3.............................................................................179

4.............................................................................179

5.............................................................................179

6........................................................................179

7.............................................................................180

6.2.12 .........................................................................................................180

1.............................................................................180

2.............................................................................180

3.............................................................................180

4.............................................................................181

5.............................................................................181

6........................................................................181

7.............................................................................182

6.2.13 .........................................................................................................182

1.............................................................................182

2.............................................................................182

3.............................................................................182

4.............................................................................183

5.............................................................................183

6........................................................................183

7.............................................................................183

6.2.14 .....................................................................................................184

1.............................................................................184

2.............................................................................184

3.............................................................................184

4.............................................................................184

13


5.............................................................................185

6........................................................................185

7.............................................................................186

6.2.15 .........................................................................................................186

1.............................................................................186

2.............................................................................187

3.............................................................................187

4.............................................................................187

5.............................................................................188

6........................................................................188

7.............................................................................189

6.2.163W 3wcoffee................................................................................189

1.............................................................................189

2.............................................................................189

3.............................................................................189

4.............................................................................190

5.............................................................................190

6........................................................................190

7.............................................................................191

6.2.17DRC ........................................................................................191

1.............................................................................191

2.............................................................................191

3.............................................................................192

4.............................................................................192

5........................................................................192

6.2.18 .....................................................................................................192

1.............................................................................192

14


2.............................................................................193

3.............................................................................193

4.............................................................................193

5........................................................................194

6.2.19 .....................................................................................................194

1.............................................................................194

2.............................................................................194

3.............................................................................194

4.............................................................................195

5........................................................................195

6.2.20 ....................................................................................195

1.............................................................................195

2.............................................................................195

3.............................................................................196

4.............................................................................196

5........................................................................196

6.3 ....................................................................197

6.3.136 ................................................................................................................197

1.............................................................................197

2.............................................................................197

3.............................................................................200

4.............................................................................200

5........................................................................200

6.............................................................................201

6.3.2 ...........................................................................................................201

1.............................................................................201

2.............................................................................202

15


3.............................................................................202

4.............................................................................202

5........................................................................202

6.............................................................................203

6.3.3 ...........................................................................................................203

1.............................................................................203

2.............................................................................203

3.............................................................................204

4.............................................................................204

5........................................................................204

6.............................................................................205

6.3.4 i .............................................................................................................205

1.............................................................................205

2.............................................................................205

3.............................................................................205

4.............................................................................206

5........................................................................206

6.............................................................................206

6.3.5 in2sight.........................................................................................206

1.............................................................................206

2.............................................................................206

3.............................................................................206

4.............................................................................207

5........................................................................207

6.............................................................................207

6.3.6 .......................................................................................................207

1.............................................................................207

16


2.............................................................................207

3.............................................................................208

4.............................................................................208

5........................................................................208

6.............................................................................208

6.3.7 ...........................................................................................................208

1.............................................................................208

2.............................................................................209

3.............................................................................209

4.............................................................................209

5........................................................................209

6.............................................................................209

6.3.8 ...............................................................................................................210

1.............................................................................210

2.............................................................................210

3.............................................................................210

4.............................................................................210

5.........................................................................211

6.............................................................................211

6.3.9IT ...........................................................................................................211

1.............................................................................211

2.............................................................................211

3.............................................................................211

4.............................................................................212

5........................................................................212

6.............................................................................212

6.4 ............................................................................212

17


6.4.1 ...................................................................................................212

1.............................................................................212

2.............................................................................212

3.............................................................................213

4.............................................................................213

5........................................................................213

6.4.2 ......................................................................................213

1.............................................................................213

2.............................................................................213

3.............................................................................214

4.............................................................................214

5........................................................................215

6.4.3 ...............................................................................................215

1.............................................................................215

2.............................................................................215

3.............................................................................215

4.............................................................................216

5........................................................................216

6.4.4 ...............................................................................................216

1.............................................................................216

2.............................................................................216

3.............................................................................216

4.............................................................................217

5........................................................................217

6.4.5 ...............................................................................................217

1.............................................................................217

2.............................................................................217

18


3.............................................................................218

4.............................................................................218

5........................................................................218

6.4.6 ...............................................................................................218

1.............................................................................218

2.............................................................................218

3.............................................................................219

4.............................................................................219

5........................................................................219

6.4.7 ...................................................................................................220

1.............................................................................220

2.............................................................................220

3.............................................................................220

4.............................................................................221

5........................................................................221

7 .........................................................222

7.1 ........................................................................222

7.1.1 ......................................................................................222

7.1.2 ......................................................................................222

7.1.3 ..............................................................................222

7.2 ........................................................................223

7.2.1 ...............................................................................................223

7.2.2 ......................................................................................223

7.2.3 ...............................................................................................224

7.2.4 ...............................................................................................224

7.3 ........................................................................224

7.3.1 .............................................................224

19


1............................................................224

2............................................................235

3............................................................244

4............................................................244

7.3.2 .............................................................245

7.3.3 .............................................................245

7.4 ....................................................................247

7.4.1 .............................................................247

7.4.2 2015-2021 ...............................................247

7.4.3 ................................................248

20


1 .....................................................................................40

2 .............................................................................42

3 2005 2015 %.............59

4 2005 3 2015 3 %.............................60

5 2005 3 2015 3 %.............62

6 2005 1-3 2015 1-3 %

...........................................................................................................................................63

7 2005 3 2015 3

%...............................................................................................................................65

8 2005 3 2015 3 =100........................67

9 2005 2 2015 2 =100....................70

10 2005 3 2015 3 %...........................71

11 ..........................................................................................237

12 ()..............................................................238

13 ()..............................................................238

14 .................................................................................241

15 .................................................................................242

21


1.1

1.1.1

2.0

1.1.2

2.0

2.0 2015 1 4

2015

22


1 28

1.1.3

Fab Lab 2.0

2.0
2.0
2.0

23


1.2

1.2.1 /

Makerspace

IT
UU

24


2012 5 27
3W

3/

=+

2.0

25


1.2.2 /

10 20
10

1.

26


2.

3.

4.

+
SNS

27


3/

1.2.3

28


+
+

1.0

29


3W

BangCamp 36

2014 10.6%
2013 3.1%

30


20

80

31


1.3

2014 9

2015 1 4

32


2
3 5

()
2020

33


2.1

2.1.1

HackspaceTechShopFabLabMakerspace
Maker

2.1.2

Hackerspace ()2007
8 ( 12 )
ChaosCommunicationCamp
NYCResistor(2007)HacDC(2007)
Noisebridge(2008)(
)

34


Hackerspace 2010
DIY

1000

c-basec-basee.V 1995
450
c-base
c-base
c-base
Hackerspaces
Metalab Hackerspace 2006
Metalab
IT

Metalab Hackerspace

()MakerspaceMakerspace

35


Makerspace

Makerspace

2.1.3

36


37


1980
20

38


2.2

2.2.1TechShopAmerica

TechShop Noisebridge

2006 TechShop
6
125

TechShop
TechShop

Noisebridge 2007

39


TechShop

TechShop

Techshop

Techshop 2006 Menlo Park

DIY
Hackerspace
Hackerspace

Techshop 6 3300

Techshop

40


2.2.2FabLab America

FabLab (FabricationLaboratory)
(MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology MIT)
FabLab
1998 MIT

FabLab

Fab Lab Fabrication Laboratory MIT

Gershenfeld

Fab Lab

41


Fab Lab Gershenfeld 1998 MIT

, Fab Lab

2.2.3AccessSpace England

Access Space

3D
Access Space Access Space

42


2.2.4NoisebridgeAmerica

TechShop Noisebridge

Noisebridge Wiki

Noisebridge

Noisebridge
Don't
be a dickNoisebridge
Be excellent to each other

Noisebridge

Noisebridge

43


2.2.5ChaosCamp Germany

Chaos Computer Club(
)1981

PIN

3D

2.3

2.3.1Y-Combinatm

Y Combinator 2005 Y Combinator

44


2012 7 380
10 100
Dropbox 2.57 Airbnb 1.2 [

2012 YC
David Cohen TechStars Dave
McClure 500 Startups[2]
Y Combinator
Y Combinator Funding Application

Y Combinator 80 reddit
Scribd YouTube for DocumentsY Combinator
Scribd $12000 Scribd 2007 5
$3.5 million A 2008 12
$9 million B

Y Combinator $5000 + $5000n

n Y Combinator
2 $15000 3
$20000

45


Y Combinator 2% 10% 6%
open sourceAWS GAE

2.3.2 500Startups

500Startups 500 500Startups

500 Startups 500-600

500 Startups
1 3 2 1
1 500 startups 20-30%

46


500 startups
1/3

500Startups 200
40

2.3.3Wework

2010 WeWork

WeWork

WeWork

47


WeWork WeWork

WeWork 350 32.5

WeWork 50

2.3.4PlugandPlay

PlugandPlayTechCenter

PlugandPlayTechCenter
1
SaeedAmidi
2 120 3
3 3000 200
10 4 5 VC

4 PlugandPlayTechCenter

48


IBM

PNP Plug-and-Play
PnP

PnP I/O
IRQDMA
4
BIOS

PlugandPlay
PlugandPlay

PlugandPlay ER GOOGLE

PlugandPlay PlugandPlay

49


2.3.5TechStars

TechStars 2007

TechStars 114 98
73 1.34

TechStars 4000
1% 80% TechStars
TechStars 1100
40%TechStars
DavidCohen

TechStars 10

50


TechStars
StartupAmerica GlobalAcceleratorNetwork
TechStars

TechStars

TechStars
TechStars 2011
12
TechStars TechStars
SendGridOccipitalOrbotixCrowdTwist OnSwipe

51


3.1

3.1.1

2014 435462
2015

2014 10 (
201443 )

43
;;
(PPP);
;

52


2014 11
(201454 )

2014 12 9

53


2015 1 28

2020

54


2015 1
2

36

3.1.2

55


1.

3 2005 2015 %

2015 140667
7.0% 7770
3.2% 60292 6.4% 72605
7.9% 1.3%
GDP 0.3

320 5.1%

56.5% 15.6

1.9

56


2.61 0.05
5.6% 2015

2.

4 2005 3 2015 3 %

2015 3 5.6%
1-2 1.2 3
0.25%
6.4%
3 1.4% 6.7%
1.1%
3 0.9%
1.4% 6.8% 3.3%
3 41 35
3.8% 5.6%

57


9.7% 3.0%
5.5% 9.6% 2.4%
0.2% 6.3%
15.5% 6.9%
12.3% 2.6%
3 6.3% 6.3%
7.1% 3.2%
3 564 270 9756
3.6% 16139 20.5% 415
6.6% 146 2.5% 245.1 3.5%
115.0 0.3% 4511 3.7% 4469
5.5%
3 97.1 % 0.3
9694 0.9%
3

3.

5 2005 3 2015 3 %

58


2015 3 22723 10.2%

10.2%
10834 7.1%
2015 1-3 70715 10.6%
32472 7.8%
3 19574
10.0% 3149 11.5%1-3
60709 10.4% 10007 11.6%
3 2379 11.5%
20344 10.1%1-3 7458 11.3%
63257 10.5%
3 10199
6.8%1-3 30534 7.8%

59


10.8% 10.9%

4.

6 2005 1-3 2015 1-3 %

2015 1-3 77511

13.5% 14.5% 1-2 0.4
3 1.04%
1-3 1553 32.8%
1-2 3.5 31361 11.0%
0.5 44597 14.7% 0.1
30889 10.7% 1-2

60


0.5 1438 4.1% 1.5

26038 10.4% 0.2
3413 21.4% 1.2
12859 23.1%
1-2 2.5 15.8%
0.2 23.5% 3.6
23.8% 1.7 14.9%
0.4
1-3 39569 12.2%
1-2 0.8 19747 15.9%
0.6 17544 12.6% 1.1
1-3 73077
13.8% 1-2 0.6 2157
14.0% 2.9 2027 2.6%1-2
2.0%
1-3 3371
12.8% 1-2 6.8 74141
13.5% 0.8
1-3 558342
7.0% 1-2 2.5
58372 6.1%1-2 1.8%
1-3 102672
6.8% 1-2 0.1
11.0% 3.0 3.7%1-2 0.2%
11.3% 0.3 33.5%

61


8.4 1.2% 1.0

3

5.

7 2005 3 2015 3

2015 3 1.76
13.5% 8868.3 14.6% 8686.7
12.3% 181.6 62.6%
3
15.9% 4.4% 25.1%

62


7731.9 6713.9
1038.2 3.2%4.5%7%
20.9%23.3%
22.2%9.6%
3 15%
12.7% 30.8 2
606.2
1.82 6.4%
57.7% 6291.6
6.1% 20%
20%
3

6.

8 2005 3 2015 3 =100

63


3 1-3

%
%

%
-0.5 1.4 1.2
-0.5 1.4 1.2
-0.6 1.2 1.0
-1.6 2.3 1.9
0.0 0.9 0.8
-0.6 1.1 0.9
-0.4 2.0 1.9
-0.1 1.5 1.4
-0.2 1.3 1.1

-1.6 2.3 1.9

0.1 2.7 2.8
0.0 -5.0 -5.1
-1.8 3.2 1.2
: -3.8 2.0 -1.7
-0.9 1.7 1.6
-0.8 -3.1 -3.0
-5.7 5.6 8.4
-2.3 1.6 1.4
-8.9 0.4 1.4
0.9 6.7 4.7
0.1 -1.7 -1.2
0.1 -0.5 -0.5
0.0 0.1 0.1
0.3 -1.4 -1.3
0.8 3.0 2.9
0.7 3.0 3.0
1.1 3.2 2.9
-0.3 5.5 5.8
-0.3 1.2 1.2
-0.1 0.0 0.2
-2.3 7.6 7.4

64


3 1-3

-0.2 1.6 1.7

0.2 2.3 2.3
0.1 1.4 1.3
0.1 1.6 1.6
-0.1 -1.5 -1.8
-0.1 -1.2 -1.2
4.7 -16.4 -17.9
-2.0 3.4 3.5
-0.2 -2.8 -2.7
0.0 -0.1 -0.1
-0.6 1.6 1.2
0.5 3.2 3.0
-5.4 -1.3 -2.6
0.3 0.6 0.7
-0.1 0.3 0.3
0.8 2.2 2.3
0.0 -1.9 -1.9

2015 3 1.4%
1.4% 1.2% 2.3% 0.9%
1.1% 2.0%1-3
1.2%
3 0.5% 0.5%
0.6% 1.6%
0.6% 0.4%
3 2.3% 0.79

65


3.2%
0.23 2.0% 0.06
6.7% 0.16
2.7% 0.08
5.6% 0.05
3 0.9%

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252