MANAJEMEN TRANSPORTASI

Lecture 4 : Pedestrian
 Pedestrian Capacity Terminology
Pedestrian speed : the average pedestrian walking speed (m/s)
Pedestrian flow rate : # of pedestrians passing a point per unit of
time (p/min)
Pedestrian flow per unit width : the average flow of pedestrians per
unit of effective walkway width (p/min/m)
Pedestrian density : average # of pedestrians per unit of area within
a walkway or queuing area (p/m2)
Pedestrian space : average area provided for each pedestrian in a
walkway or queuing area, (m2/p) inverse of density
Platoon : # of pedestrians walking together in a group, usually
involuntarily as a result of signal control and other factors.
Relationships Between Pedestrian
Speed and Density
Relationships Between Pedestrians
Flow and Space
Relationships Between Pedestrian
Speed and Flow
Relationships Between Pedestrian
Speed and Space
 Pedestrian Space Requirements
Minimum space Pedestrian body ellipse for standing areas
and pedestrian walking requirement
standards : body
depth and shoulder
breadth, body ellipse
of 0.50 m x 0.60 m,
with total area of
0.30 m2 for a single
standing pedestrians.
For pedestrian facility
: 0.75 m2 as buffer
zone
 Pedestrian Walking Speed
Highly dependent on proportion of elderly
pedestrian ( 65 year old)
0 20% : average WS 1.2 m/s on walkways
> 20% : average WS = 1.0 m/s
Walkway upgrade of 10% reduces walking
speed by 0.1 m/s
On sidewalks, free flow speed : 1.5 m/s
Pedestrian Start-Up Time and Capacity
Pedestrian SUT Typical Free-Flow Walking Speed
(crosswalks at traffic Distributions

signals) : 3 s
Capacity of 75
p/min/m or 4,500
p/h/m (if local data
are not available)
At capacity : walking
speed = 0.8 m/s
 Effective Walkway Width
Lane concept should NOT be used because
pedestrian do not walk in organized lanes.
To avoid interference when pass each other :
0.8 m of walkway width
2 pedestrian know each other walk close
together occupy a width of 0.7m (closer in
crowded situation)
 Pedestrian Type and Trip Purpose
Pedestrians going to and from work, using the same
facilities day after day, walk at higher speeds than
shoppers
Older or very young persons tend to walk at a slower
speed than other groups.
Shopper can decrease the effective walkway width by
stopping to window shop and by carrying packages
The analyst should adjust for pedestrian behavior that
deviates from the regular patterns represented in the
basic speed, volume and density curves.
Pedestrian Walkway LOS
Pedestrian Walkway LOS
Queuing Area LOS
Queuing Area LOS
 Effective Width of Sidewalk
The American Association of State Highway
and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)
recommends : minimum clear sidewalk width
= 1.5 m.
Width of 2.4 or greater may be necessary in
commercial areas.