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Makalah

Elliptical Sentence

(This is submitted to complete some assignments in English lesson)

Be written by :

Arif Budiman Al Fariz

Deli Fatmawati

Faisal Aditya

Zlavia Melia Nur Islami

Program Studi Psikologi

Fakultas Psikologi

Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta


1. Background

Dalam menggunakan sebuah bahasa, diharuskan menggunakan tata bahasa yang baik
dan benar sesuai kaidah yang sudah ditentukan. Apabila hal tersebut tidak dipenuhi, maka
pembaca atau pendengar akan kedapatan salah tafsir, dalam bahasa masalah tersebut
dinamai ambiguitas. Penyederhanaan kalimat, ellipsis, termasuk ke dalam gramatikal
tersebut. Oleh karena itu penggunaan dalam penyederhanaan kalimat memiliki peranan
yang sangat signifikan untuk menghindari kesan ambiguitas dalam suatu percakapan atau
pembicaraan.

Elliptical sentence is a merging two sentences which has different in subject, but it
has someness in verb and complement. It can use at writing or speaking in formal
situation. The function of elliptical are for replace a unnecessary word on sentences. By
ellipsis, the sentence looks more beautiful and shorter.

2. Research questions or problem formulations

What is the elliptical sentence ?

What is elliptical function ?

How many type on elliptical sentence ?

When elliptical sentence can be used ?

Where is the place of elliptical in sentence ?


Elliptical sentence

1.1 Definition

Halliday and Hasan (1976: 144) stated that, Ellipsis occurs when something
structurally is lost. The information is clear but it is not written. Meanwhile, syntactic
ellipsis is the nonexpression of a word or phrase that is, nevertheless, expected to occupy
a place in the syntactic structure of a sentence. The elliptical sentences has some kinds,
as positive statements and negative statements.1

According to Drs. H. Paidi Dewa Brata, Elliptical Construction is a shortening of two


or more sentences by removing some parts of the sentences that have the same original
meaning . Elliptical Construction used to avoid the repetition of the same word in one
sentence.
According to Ganesha Operation Team, Elliptical Construction is a form of joint
compound sentence deprived of equal parts of the same predicate of a sentence.

1.2 Types of Elliptical sentence

According to Quirk et al (1973: 251-253), there are two kinds of ellipsis, namely
ellipsis depending on linguistic context and nonlinguistic context. Elliptical sentences
can be known with some words on the statements. Because it just has some word which
can be used to merge two or some sentences. But it will be valid if the sentences has
sameness in verb and complementation.
1. Too/So

2. Either/Neither

3. Both + and

4. But

And you can also find elliptical sentence in some sentences, examples :

1. Ellipsis depend on linguistic context.


a) Adverbial finite clause.
1 Haryati, The Analysis of Elliptical Noun Phrases of The Book A
Complete Collection of English Proverbs By Using
Transformational Generative Grammar, Vivid Journal Vol. 4 No.
1, English Departement, Andalas University, 2015, hlm., 2.
In adverbial finite clause, the whole predicate or part of predicate can be
deleted.

Example : I am happy if you are. (happy)

b) Adverbial non-finite and verb less clauses

The subjects (co-referential) with that of the superordinate clause and an


appropriate form of be are ellipted in:

Example : although (he was) told to stop, he kept on working.

c) Post modifying clauses.

Examples : The police rounded up men (who are/were) known to have been in
the building at that time.

2. Ellipsis do not depend on linguistic context

Example : (I am) sorry I couldnt be there, (Ive) got to go now.

3. Ellipsis in dialogue

1.3 The Structure of Elliptical Constructions

1. The elliptic structures

1) Two positive statements that has same predicate

Subject + verb (be) + .. + and + subject + verb (be) + +


too.

Subject + verb (be) + + and + so + + subject.

The examples :

a. Andy come to school. I come to school.

Andy come to school, and I do too.

Andy come to school, and so do I.

b. She is important woman. Allia is important woman.

She is important woman, and Allia is too.


She is important woman, and so is Allia.

c. I have had breakfast. Edo have had breakfast.

I have had breakfast, and Edo have too.

I have had breakfast, and so have Edo.

2) Two negative statements that has same predicate.

Negative statement, and + subject + negative auxiliary + either.

Negative statement, and + neither + positive auxiliary +


subject.

The examples :

a. I dont have money. Ade doesnt has money.

I dont have money, and Ade doesnt either.

I dont have money, and neither does Ade.

b. Grafa werent clever. I was clever.

Grafa werent clever, and I wasnt either.

Grafa werent clever, and neither was I.

c. She wasnt watching tv. He wasnt watching tv.

She wasnt watching tv, and he wasnt either.

She wasnt watching tv, and neither was he.

3) Two positive statements which contain compound verb (auxiliary/modal + verb)


can be arranged by using pattern in point a.

The examples :

a. I will go to campus. Rizki will go to campus.

I will go to campus, and Rizki will too.

I will go to campus, and so will Rizki.

b. She can do math exam. Anna can do math exam.


She can do math exam, and Anna can too.

She can do math exam, and so can Anna.

4) Two negative statements which contain compound verb (auxiliary/modal + verb)


can be arranged by using the pattern in point b.

The example :

I shouldnt follow the party. She shouldnt follow the party.

I shouldnt follow the party, and she shouldnt either.

I shouldnt follow the party, and neither shouldnt she.

5) The combination positive statement and negative statement with the same tense is
arranged by using pattern but.

The pattern is as follows :

Subject + {negative auxiliary(modal)} + subject + {negative


auxiliary (modal)}

The examples :

a. They can speak English fluently. I cant speak English fluently.

They can speak English fluently, but I cant

b. She doesnt like a new car. He like a new car.

She doesnt like a new car, but He does.

6) The combination two positive statements which contains verb, noun, etc. in the
same tense is arranged by using conjuction.

Both and

The examples :

a. I am waiting someone. He is waiting someone.

Both I and He are waiting someone.

b. She is bilingual. Akari is bilingual.


Both she and Akari is bilingual.

c. Rudi has been ill. Robi has been ill.

Both Rudi and Robi has been ill.

7) The other pattern is used to state one of two actions in two sentences with same
tense

Either . . . or . . . + positive auxiliary (modal).

The examples :

a. They will speak English every day. They will speak Japan every day

They will either speak English or Japan every day.

b. I can take a rest. I can take a bath.

I can either take a rest or a bath.

8) The pattern below is used to state none of

Neither . . . nor . . . + positive auxiliary (modal).

The examples :

a. Yagara cant run fastly. Yagara cant walk fastly.

Yagara can neither run nor walk fastly.

b. My dad isnt a teacher. My isnt a vegetarian.

My dad is neither a teacher nor a vegetarian.

References N.B ( You may be able put a footnote in some paragraphs with
references below)

http://iconlogic.blogs.com/weblog/2010/09/writing-grammar-understanding-elliptical-
sentences.html
http://www.dailywritingtips.com/a-guide-to-elliptical-constructions/

http://www.k12reader.com/term/elliptical-clause/

http://www.freeworldu.org/static/grammar/ellipticalsentences.aspx

https://www.scribd.com/doc/154482259/Elliptical-Sentence

Tim Ganesha Operation. 2005. Instan Bahasa Inggris SMA. Jakarta: Erlangga

Ismail. 2009. Elliptical Construction. [online]. (http://englishgrammarfree.blogspot.com


/2009/03/elliptical-construction.html, on November 2nd 2014)

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