Vasishta Rama Samvadam PDF

N =+ ~= O"^=
(N"bH =i }` Q"+=)
"^\ O@O
"~Q, == ==~, Lù H~}=
J#$[#:
". K. ~=H$+
~=H$+ =~O
^=Q_, ^~^500 029
ii
Published by
Adhyaksha
Ramakrishna Math
Domalguda, Hyderabad - 29
Ramakrishna Math, Hyderabad

All rights reserved
I - 1M - 08 -2010
12024
12028 (Set)
Printed at :
RP Printers, Hyderabad.
Bound at
Pridhvi Binders, Hyderabad.
iii
"tH
P~^~ "V qhHO *[=#OQ # `~<. P `~
=O qt+OQ ^=`~ Jx iQ}OK^y#k N Q"+=. "+
~=}=, =~=}=, PYO_ ~=}= Jx _ Q}uHH# D
QOÔ "bH =iK q~z`"#k. =~O_ " H` X~ D |$ÔÔ
"~Q====~LùuL=x~} J< P~ H~} L<~.
=+ =i N~=KO^=iH K# J^ ` "Ô` ^ WOê q+O.
J<kQ l* =# "k # '"Ha H~ =# H *#O =# K ~Ò^?
Jx. H~ *< ~O_ ~~ q~^"# ^<=~x, ~O_O\h UHHO
=#~K@O J^=h "i =#. nx` ^ ~O_ =~ HO`=Ok
H~a=Y =iHO^~ H~# `lOz iQ *#=~x J=OaOz =Hx
O^_xH u =<~. S` iQ H~a~ LO_@O H^ H~#
i`lOK@= H^ =*xH, ^` ^~OQ LO_@O H^ q"H qKH}`
_ q` H~# PKiOK@O ^~ H=^x K~H=K Jx O\ÔQ
KÒk D QO^~[O. Q=O`_H JfÒQ Un ^x `` *# H~#
=# ~K\xH O|OkOz ^_H LO_ O~}# `yOz HH, ~HH
OK O@ ~O_ "~Q Uq=x, L#Ô` UHH H` H= K`#O Jx
L^k O n QOÔ . J<H J^` ^$O`` =*#"# J^ ` "Ô`x =#
^_ _ J=bQ J~OK< su q+x q=iOn QO^~[O.
'"HH~}O H~ H *#=? H H~ *< ~O_ "H^< Jx
'f}_ J< }_ JQ J< =hO^x J_y#C_ 'H=O H~ =#Qx,
*#O =# Qx "HO aO^. D ~O_O\ =# "HO aOk. H#H ^[#
D ~O\x "HQ iQ}O`~, JO@ XH ~}ux L@OHOK@O`
H^ ~O==Òk. , "\H =^<Q H^ H^, H^ H^Q y
D QOÔ ^ ^ ^+ ^$OK q^`x x~Oz, O~ q=}
K_O =Y [#OQ H#_Òk.
Z=~ D QO^x iOK\xH J~ J# =^#O =# QO^
^= QO< aOk. '<# O~|^_#, =_#=`# W\ xO
Q"_ D x iOK\xH J~_x "bH =i è*<~. JO> =O^
iv
[## =~} O~ KHO z<# J# ~} Hey#C_ ^ _ D H O x

q+x iQ PkOK QQ`_. |OÔ JO> Uq\ Ziy#C_ KH
uOK QQ`_. "HK x"iH QOÔx q+O QO H^.
q"H "~Q Hey# =HH WO^x q+O J=$`" Òk. S` ^=
iOK"iH WO^x *#H=k q"H "~Q# OOkOz P^ i`#
KOk x~}a+Q i}u <OkOk.
P~ `` zO`<H, `` q+} H, |k `, nH ""xH D QOÔ
JÔ_Òk. QOÔx q+=O` W^~ *# =^ [iy# O+}. W\
=~ O^= *uH `= s #Oz aOz# PûH "~Ò JÒ`
q"#k, QQ ZOK^Qk D QOÔ JO> JuH H^"!
JK =~^^ *< qKi``
=}~ O[<h= x O`~} `!
'D L`= x (Q"+=) qKiOK@OK ~"` $+"# *#O
O==Òk. J_ `H# h =} OQO Ok# HO = ~zOk
Jx =+ =i =zOK_O ^~ D QO^ "t x, x J~O KH=K.
H=O D QO^x iOK_O ^~< =Hx O^=K. ~#" XH J^`
^< x JOkOKQ^.
D H"x H, ``~O` "^@ `Q K iOz#k N "=O,
U~_ "~. |b# [ = gr "~, ~=H$+ =~O gr N
xiH#O^ "ix Òz QQxH (=~ 15 " H) ``~x
"~OK~. qQ` QQxH "i t+ |b# N q^H#O^ yi gr
"~ ``~x =~~. 1936= O=`~O D H~H=xH jH~O K\ 18
O=`~ = `~` 1954 Hx KiOK~. D =i+ QO^x `Q
~ ``~O` JOkOz# N "=O "iH `Q [ ~^ H$À LO_e.
N xiH#O^, N q^H#O^ yi u=~} _ =#O H$`[` |^"
LO_e.
O`qk =O^ = ^HO `Q +, ` `Q + `_
L#k. N "=O "i HOx ``~x ~mH$Ò K JO^x n~
O+} x_q `yOz, P^xH ~_ <OQ J~OKH=\xH gQ
O $` H# JH_H_ =`" L@OH =K# H=OQ fikk# "~ N
#= ~=H$+ Q~. =+ ~= O"^ =+"i =^#O n~OQ
v
L#K@ j~=_K W`~ # OkO* O"^# z#qQ K èHQ

q+x QOK\xH ^^_ g~ Hx "=iOK~. "~ ` `~O
~_ x ^$+ LOKHx QOQ JOkOz JO^~ J~OK<
qÔQ Hx ~zOK~. Q$ rq` |~= ^`# " `# O\ L^y
Kkq J~OKHQey#C_ W`~ ZO^ K^=_^x qOz, D =` $+
QOÔx J^ ` "Ô` =H~OÔ JO^~ Qx OHeOz, "~ Hx
=^}Q KiOK~. XH ^| HO \ "i H$+ eÒQ D HO
~k^#k.
J="# D *<x JOîH OK# "i ` OHxH = =O` OQ
Hx =~O OQ KiOK\xH HiOzOk.
=~ QO^xO\h q+OQ Pî# ~ D QO^x _ Kkq
PkOz N =+ ==x N~=KO^=i H$H\H# O^x = PHOH.
D Hx "=iOK\xH HiOz# =#OkH = H$`[`.
- H

vi
vii
O[e
< J#u H~ J<H `Q= K, < = #O_ H, *#, "~Q
~H"# J<H q+= kOz# =`$^=` N=u PkH H"~= QiH,
`$^= N H <~} Qi OQÔ_ =}==, ^==#, PûH
Q~= J~# NNN q^H #O^yi q"i (N H|==, NH)
^= q#=`` #=i<#. < r=<kx kOz# 'POÔ
~^ ky[=QQH!
1990 NNN q^H#O^yi q"~ q["_ 'w`[O
x~OK~. ''<#~! "bH =iK (H^ ~=}#O`~O ) 32000 H=
~zOK|_# 'Q "+O J< QOÔ K_O_. =# |+ H\ #^q\ =iO`
+OQ QOKQ~ Jx P# # L^tOz eH~. P "H ## ZO`
qÒ K~. XH<H l* <O^ |îOk. WH J\ #O_ ~O
~zOK|_# =K# QO^ Hx K^=@O [iyOk.
1. N *# "+ ~=}= (1918), (=K# H=O), |N "<HO\
O^~~= ~Q~.
2. N =+w ` (1982), "+= ~=}= (1990), NNN q^H#O^yi
qQ~.
3. *#"+= (=K#H==), |N zO`\ H #~O Q~,
O@
4. Q"+= (=K#H==), |N =^ H }Q~
5.Q"+= 8 O@= (32000 H= { ``~=) NNN
~#O^ "~ =i NNN q^ H#O^yi q"~ (~_, N
"== N H|==) 1937.
N =+ =i : N~=KO^ =^ O+} ~O L# Q"+O (JYO_
~=}O, L`~ ~=}O Jx _ K|_#k) ''J^`"# QOÔ J#@
O^"g ^. ZO^HO>, D QOÔ, ''F~! r=_! h= W\H ~_"
<=! Jx JÒ` +OQ x~+OQ x~Oz KÒk. WOê qK~}
JÒ` "#^#x < JaO. ~_, `# K^=K LO_Q<, `#H
"H ~=# Q~KH<@ KQ L`=qK~} =# D QOÔ aOk.
W\ =`~"# QOÔ qnHi# q+"q\ J< Q=xOz LO_#@ <
viii
JxOzOk. WH =iHO^~, ''D QO^=# =# QOK~... Wk JO^~

Kk" QOÔ H^... @O| ==x "iH WOê q+= QOK_O
H+=Òk... "^# JqK~}~H"# Ja Hey LO_@O Q=xOK#.
WOHO^~ `Q #= H#|_ JÒ` ~"# + K^=@ =`" J"@_
L<~. x P Ô`, 'Lx+` "^# p# QO^=K ukOK
|_K# Ô` "\ =#O QOKx =iHO^~ Ja+OK@O
Q=xOK#. J\"i#Oîx ^$+ @Hx =~=# "=iH + ''N =+
~=O"^= =K# H=O J< D Ò K<#. D iH LîO|_
W`~ QO^ K^ =K, XH<H ''L`=P"= ` _Hx# L<=
qO@# J#u ~xH ~"< L^=` WO^ LHqOK#.
H$u =~# O|OkOz# =~ 500550 H =Ò =k#. qQ`
Jx H ^`ÔQ WO^ K@ KO@<~. =YOQ *# qK~}
O|OkOz# Hh ~"x < Ò.
D QOÔ 56 H^ L<~. u H^ ~xH '"H=# JO> Uq\
~z KÒk. ~= q+" ~O^ x=$uK, J<H q
K ~ ~ H O Q ` e * O k. ~ # '' #~ # =$` =D [# H
=O^"#H^^= =, ~= ^Y= =H~}O W=h
+=`~. ''D r=_ ~_, J#O`_, JYO__, t`_, D`_ H`
`Q`. ""xH D`xH [#=$`=Qx, PÔ`Qx= Jx J<H
^$O`` D QOÔ ukOK|_Ok.
$}x q J=$` ` P ^=x k"x ` I
"^"Ò ~+O =#O Pk`=~O `= i` II
''F J=$` `~! Jk Uq\ "= QOK=. P =`~ `` =
QiOz g KÒ q#O_ Jx P P`^+ =#Oîx Px<~.
=#Oî Q J"["# =K |+ WÔ` K~. ''Hl* D
~O_ LO> K, Z=~< Wk K^==K. ''Wk gk Jk =k J# ~=Q
=~` =O` JqK~}K`< |Òk. U L`= QO^= x^< ~ , ''*#qK~}
J<k JOî H~H J~ LO\Ok. JOîH O|OkOz#^ J=Òk. =`Q
"bH, "_, qq`_, r, Q~<#H, ==^, |^_, =+_,
OH~K~ =O\ "iH ''g~ = "~. "~ = "~ H^ J#^=O
LO@O^? LO_^. =#=O` Jk QOKe. "i "H= L^=# J~O
ix
Kx =#O |Ò H"e. =#Oî $^ J=^ x JH$u="#

= "eqie. =# ~ =O QOz zÒ H"e. ''<# J_#
J# ~=Q |#`, ''W`~ J J#~=Q *_=D ~O_
_ =#O JkQqOKQQe.
D QO^= qKiOK|_# q+"q\ iKO K\xH, =~H z#
^$O`= q#q#. ''XH Ji _ L<_#OÔ...J`_ k<_.
H, `## `< kOKO@<_. WC_ J`xH `=~# J=~@O Z\?
@@O ^~<? #=HO ^~<? qK~} ^~<?
1.@@O : ''<<! |@". W`~ ~# kOK. J\ K
H_`#. W`~# ^+ O =Ok. H= "==Ok.
2.#=HO : ^ K~. QO^= KC K<~. H#H `=~# HeyO_.
=Oz`#=` }H~=# P~ h }O HQQ^. ^ Ki`
K^=. "ix J#HiOK.
3.qK~} - J=Q# : h= HOîx k LO>, hH< |=O` x#
k LO\~ H^? z=~ qy^q\? ^H^!
''qK~} K~, D q ^$+ @Hx zOK. W`~@ H=, =,
P` Hey LO_. J\ =~# = ÔQ< O K~Ok. ZO^HO>,
WÔ` iOz#k h". x# h= qOK H=@" P#OÔQh, ^+OK@O
P#O^"# q+O H^. h= ""xH |=O`_=, ~_=, `==, x`==.

=, #=H= HO> _ J=Q# L`= "# k, |"# k, ~=#
O|OkOz# 'qK~} ^~ D QO^= Q=O`x@ L`= J=Q# OOkO
KOk. JO^K`< Wk L`"`="# QOÔQ N q ~=f~, N ~=}=i
=O\ *#=~=O|K, O` `H~O =O\ HQ~K OK|_Ok. J>
=h J< W\ JaO "e|K~. =^~= NNN q^H#O^
yiq "~ D QOÔ ~ q#Q< H` s~O` `# =\_` LO\~.
"~ `= x~iOz# 108 w`[= O^~= J<HK@ LÔ@ D
QO^= L# LO_"~.
''N =+~= O"^= J#|_ D =K# H=O KiOK Ò H
H = =_.
1.< =# ^+~`", <O^ ''[== ^$__@ H~. ''*~`
H~} J#` HO H~|O^# Jx w`K~ K<~ H^!
x
2.<` ~ H JO`~qQ P Q"#x D ''`= J<

*+=K lOK@O.
3.N "bH q~z`"# ''Q"+O x == J<H=Ok ^$+H `=@O.
"OH>~! ~~_=, ~r=~x JO`~qq, ~~_=
_ h". 't=_Q 'JQ, '"Q WOH WOH Z< <=~`
P~kO|_K#n h". < Oê "=`` = _ h" J~=<=.
D < `= H [# =, O`=, SH=`=, P#O^=
kOKx < PHOH. =[=O`\ H H=, ~, J, q[ P~~Q=
kOKQH! ^~J~H="H=#|_ Kì^ ~~= =#"oH
OKQH! H*#"~Q, Ou, J<#` "eqiQH!
D ''=+~=O"^= J# QO^+=# ~=`x ^^=
=i<#.
~[< d< =# I
= #OQx # II
- ". K. ~=H$+

xi
QO^ OM =~#O
N =+ =i: F ~"! q"HO L^~Oz#"_ huO q#\xH J~_QK<_
H^! J\"_ D '*#O _ q#\xH J~_. Z=~` =~ OQ== `lOz,
x~"# |k` L`="# PO Hey LO@<_ J\"_ =`" '`qK~}
KQQK<_. hO^ J\ Q}O^ LO_ L#k. JO^K`<, =<"=
Q@Q P 'P`*#O h K=K<#. XH_ J<H [# PiOz#
}O K`<, '=H H~H D =# q<< HiH O^K<_.
h H L`= =~#, `=, Q}= P` =K~O HiOK\xH
x# `y#"xxQ fik^~. D JYO_ ~=}O P~ H~}= Hey L#k.
1."~Q H~}O : (1500 H) nxx qKi D ^$= @, s~^#
~Hx L# J*# [x`"# |k =O^= `QÒk. uH "~QO U~_Òk.
''rq`= J#^xx q"H= K ijeOK O_< |uH" < =? J# q"H i`" #
^#O U~_Òk. J\ ^$+ P`q+" =K~O O^\xH <k.
2.== ==~ H~}O : (1000 H) '==`= JO> Uq\,
== = Z@ ==i~, "i ="q\, Z\ ^$+K P`q+ O Q OK\xH
ÔQ LO_ K|_Ok. |^H=, J^, =~`= `lOz ==, O`+=,
qK~}, ` OQ=# P~OK =#kQ kO|_Ok. 'ij#^$+ `=
~O_ L#"_ ===.
3.Lù H~}O : (7000 H) J<H ^$O`= O K`, 'HH=#
h=<# J# ==~=h J L`#" J~=O_^ Jx x~OK|_Ok.
=~[OQ=`H=Q D [Q` =" x^x, ~~`=x uuOK|_Ok.
''D O~=O` H He` =<~[= =O\^ Hx, "= = H^. O
Z@ [~QÒ^, J^qÔQ, WÔ` J= =`", He`#==`" Ok
Jx HHOQ x~OK|_Ok. ZO_== h~ aO^, "H#"_H
PHO HxOK ''~O_= KO^_ L<_? JO^H~O HxOK "_"i#
XH<H =$HO ^", JiH |kH =`" Ok H^! <= H^Ò_Q
X_# L# K@ H^K#@ HxOz#O` =Ò K`, P K@ HêH "==? D
O~= _ He`=`=x, XH<HC_, XH<H^$+K, XH<H qÔQ =##
xii
J#iOz #^x èÒk. Wk ""xH ~~`=x Ziy# `~"`,

nx QiOz Z=_ ^d_.
P~}O |OQ~= HO> "~H#@, [O HO> `~OQ "~H#@, D
[Q` ~=`Q< îOK|_Q^. WÔ` ^+ H ^$+ HO> "g H^.
PHO h ^~O U^< L#^? z`@Ox JyH L+`"H_? D [Q`
_ J`. Hx, Jq"H^$+H =Ò '` Q `KK#k. ZC_ [iy~#
XH<H ^$= WC_ =## H~}OQ =<gk `H" Ok KK"!
J^qÔQ D [Q` _ =~=#O J#==Òk. D H#|_ ^~=#
*#^$+K ijeOz#C_ W=h ''J~=, `K=, #= Jx D H~}O
kOk.
4.u H~}O : (3000 H) ''D [Q` JO==#O^ u Ok L#k
Hx, ZH_ =#O^ H^ J< ~=~= J<H H^ ^~, ^$O`=
^~ x~OK|_Ok. D Ou= [Q`, D ^+^~#=^$= W=h
Z@ =$k O^K< K|_Ok.
5.L=# H~}O : (5000 H) WO^, ''<#, h=, J`_, [Q`
J# ==~=O` LqOK Q q\ K|_Ok.
D [Q` XHxH +OQ, =~HxH J+OQ L#\H - ""xH Wk
J`". THe`"# ~= P T LqOKQ< `y`~ H^! D
[Q` He`=#O_, H He`=#O_. Wk =# #O_ qlOk. *#=K
`yÒk. Z=iH` [Q^= #tOK@^, "iH =Ò WÔ` XH JO`x
J<H O@#` _# 'H^ = Òk. D O~=O` He` =`".
''J\ H#< HO^~ =<~`=#, =iHO^~ ^Y~O~# `= J*#O
K`, H =~Ò K` O^K<~ Jx D H~}O x~Ok.
6.x~} H~}O : (14500 H) *#O qHOk. H#h `y`~.
''x~}= J#|_ ~= aOKQ^. WOê q+=# QOK"_
xi+=, z`H=`=, q*#==, x~== J~#\ P`~=#
u+`_QK<_. O~ =h `Q@ K` ~=H= = K_`_.
i~_, H$`H$`_ JQ@K`, WH J`_ O`~H=Q D '[Q``
x~iOKQ_.
''XH ^~}O Z^~Q L# ^$=# Z\ `H"# Ò O_<, `#
O^ uaOaOK@ P=Òk H^! <# _ ~=Q |=< D
xiii
[Q` , D H~= uaOaOK@ H~ $`= O_< P `_ #QK<#.

Jx iOK"_ Q<_. == ~=K qOQ|_Q, J`_
`$_QK<_. Ok=, z`=, JOH~= ~= z^H"#x
`H#K<_. H~, H~}, H~ $`= q+O JÒ` xi_, ^xK` _
$tOK|_x"_ LO@<_.
D H~}= i#"_ ^= Hey L#\H, `## `# q^Q
Oi J~#\H, JOi QOKK<_. ''<# ~^ JYO__< Jx Q
<_. WH J`xx H ==~= `H=. i~=Q z#=# Ok#"_
=Q, `<, 'z^k`_ JQK<_. J`x @ ^$=h J^$=Q@K,
J`_ ^ ~=, K`= O^K<_. D 'O~= J< u`"k
#tOk. 'JOH~= J< KO =ê=@K `# s~O Hey L#\H, ''<#
D ^=< J# ^~aO `yOz"O@<_.
=`_Q J\ r=#x $^" ~=`. J`_ ''` J#~= Q
P#O^= H q~=K, ~`=_, i~^` =#"# J#==#
O^K<_.

xiv
QO^ O
N =+ L"K :
"Ha^<O O` ~O` I
uO^K } *` x~}^~h II 1
n ^ qx^ [e` O=~` II
PH JxK` =O x~}=# "` II 2
O *` `" Ou O<H Y^ I
PH =i` ^ ^ ~`~V} II 3
^ ~* =} Ou q#u J=H<` I
`` U`` H}` Ou" Uu O~^d` II 4
W^" L`=" PM#" P^" "^=` ^ I
"M" [hOK ~~ ^" II 5
^ J` ` ` ``` "^` J"` I
J< *` H*#O Ô u q``" II 6
"Ô` `~Ô` J< *`K |^` I
W^=`==M#O "MÒ ^$++ II 7
H~}^=`"`^" =z, # = I
=O` =QKOu ="`kK~`" II 8
J`=~`^ *O` qKi`` I
=}~ O[<h= HOu O`~}` II 9
J<~q^=M#" Wu J`<^$`^$n I
= =O``<~ =O` =y# II 10
"H# =#"<
*x `` qÔ =i I
# #"+x # O$uO`
H-~ `-<# |k`# II 11
xv
N =+=i :
F ~[#~! 'Q"+= J#|_ D "Hx 32000 H=` g
JOî=O^ LOKK<#. Wk ~=O`"# J~^` x~}^`_!
XH<H_ Q_x^~=_, n~HOQ LO_ JC_ x^~z H#
`~K_#HO_. P Qk nO "Q` LO>, P n HO J`_ `H"#
'WK Hey LO_H~< JH_ L# ==# K_ H^! D QO^=x
'qK~}# `H#@ uOz#O`=ÒK` WK Hey LO_H~#\H
x~}=Q "H=# O^Q_.
nxx g~ OQ ije, KH Q Q OKQ ~. ^, W`~ "Mx# C_
q#@O [iy< _ =Oz^. QOQ [O ~=# iOz"Ok H^! J>
WO^ KiOK|_# q+ =# qKi, J<H [#Q "#O\ =# J*#O ` O_
`yÒk. XH_ pH\ `_# Kz, ''J=! Wk=! Jx q
~qH~= O^K<_#HOÔ. P = `y^\? ''J! Wk =H^!
`_ =`" H^! Jx QOK@K`< H^! D QO^=# J=HOz#O`=ÒK`
D ^$=@, s~^@ HQK#\ J<H = =OQ `y`~.
O~^Y=O` qOzÒk. g~O` ~=~~=~#\ ''"H= JO>
Uq\ Q~.
D L`=QO^= "^== x`= iOK|_QH! lO|_QH! "MxOK
|_QH! "^=O^, "^="H=O^ iOz#\ *#" WO^ iOz
L#k. WOê qK~}~xH "^= =}O. WOê q+= `H#@K
r=x 'H~ *#= ~O_ _ q`=O`=`~. J<H =Ok `` *#
"Ô` `~ Ô`=h H~ H~}ÒQ WO^ ijeOK|_~. ^$+Q
=h nxx L`= "Ô` =Q x~OK~.
F [#~! g =Q J"["# =K`< WÔ` KCK<=.
JO`Hx, = |_ , XHi Ja=# YO_OK@H "= KC KO_@^ .
D = qKiOK@K ~"` $+"# *#= aOKQ^. `^~ D [Q`
= Jx èÒk. Wk qKiOK@K W`~ J^` QO^ =iO` =^ ~OQ,
+OQ QOK|_`~.
<#~! D JYO_~=}= H=== ^x (H^Q=#O `=Q,
K~ Z=Q L#^x) nxx x~HiOKHO _. ~=Q P`q+ " U~_# ^@" #
xvi
J*#O `QO> F~, <~ ` _# q~" # Ò J=~" #x = JaO.

J<H s`# =K#= J=~" =!
UkU"< x~}OQ P` q+O =~z O~ LO_@O Ô
H^. ^<^ ^$ , `" K#"~_ "H"#\ D QOÔ
i LO> H=OQ J""# [#O O^K<~. `` q^Q ^~=
KCKO_Q =}O K~ WOH ZO` =Ozk. J\"~ `` A L`"`=
# O~=# _~.

xvii
q+ zH
I. "~Q H~}O ... 1
"^\ ~A 1.L^` H^...3 2.L^ ~OO...5 3.N~==`~O...7
4.=`` O...8 5.H^ "O...10 6.qq`x ~H...11 7.~= "O
...14 8.~= "~Q =~#=...17 9.^# ==~O...20 10.rqÒP+
...21 11.JOH~ ~O...23 12.=#z`=...24 13.P`$+...26
14.^=...28 15. ~O...33 16.=# ^...35 17. ==~O
...37 18.=e`#O...39 19.=$`=...40 20.H q=...42 21.H
~OH$Ò` q=...45 22.^= qO...46 23.=<=$` JOu
... 49 24. ~ ~ = u Q ` ...54 25. ^ ~ ^+ = ...58
26.[# H^#O ...60 27.~= ...62
II. == ==~ H~}O ... 67

1.N H qOu...70 2.^=Hq^=H...76 3.~+ `=...83
4.=~=# ~+ `= (P^`# ~+H~O)...86 ~O_= ~A
5.`= H~k...91 6.^= ~}~~=...94 7.x[`
^#O...97 8.J`j_ ^~`...100 9.H~ `...103
10.H~qK~=...105 11.*<=`~}=...113 12.O~ KHO"~QO ...
117 13.=^#O...121 14."HO...124 15.[Q`=} H_...
125 16.q"Jq"...128 17.=<[O...132 18.== (`$
~`=-O`=)...134 19.qK~} ...137 20.O`+=...141 21.^
OQ ` O...143 22.=~ < + } O...145 23.^ $ O ` = ...147
24.`~=...150 25.=} x~}...152 26.UHQ ^$+...153
27.J ~ H # = O...155 28.K ` # = [Q ` . ..156 29. ^ K~
x~}...160
III. Lù H~}O ... 163

I.H~} iK= ... 163
1.="H ==...165 2.|O^`=...167 3.|O^ "H=...169
xviii
II.PHA_ =$`= ... 174

1.H^qQO...174 2.O=...180 3. $u=#|O^=...181
=_ = ~A 4.=# ^ $ =...187 5.^ $ =J^ $ =...189
6.|=== ...191 7.| H`~O...193 8.qÔ`...196
9.~=` ~"\k? ...198 10.uH^$+...200 11.r=< q^=H
H}=...202 12.^$= `Q^\?...205 13.x`=Q ~|=
...206 14.D [Q` |"...209 15.H K`#=...213 16.[Q` J#Q
Uq\?...215 17.^$= èQ^\?... 218 18.[Q` "ù...220
19.[Q` ^...224 20.^ Pq~==...226 21.D r=_ iq`_?
Jiq`_?...231 22.JOH~ ~=...239
III. bM#O H^q+O(=O_M#=) ... 245
<= ~A 1. [Q^=...245 2.N ~f=` =~O...247 3.^x ^
`#O... 249 4.J^ WO\ kf $+ ^~#O...249 5.WH_ Uk Ò? Uk
JÒ?...254 6.W`~ $+ } Ô`...257 7.*H...259
8.H H#...262 9.q^" H~O...262 10.''=~}= O^@O
J#Q?...264 11.WÔ` H H#!...265 12. $uH =O^ L#^k?
...267 13.J# [Q`# ZO^K` K_H`<O?...269 14.J
=O...272 S^= ~A 15.W`~#= $+...277 16.q~ ^$+...279
17.[# [<O`~^$+...281 18.|O_ Ou ...285 19.~ $`
...286 20.J# [Q` # "O...289 21.|O_= K=`~O...291
22.q^~^x ^ q<O...293 23.^ Ou z` <}O...295
24.#O`~ $+=H '"O...298 25.q^~^x n~ rqÒ
...302 26.[Q` H x[~O...304 P~= ~A 27. *Q`...308
28.^~OQ "O...311 29.z`= Z\ LO>, ^$= J>!...312
30."fÒ ...318 31.P~^# H~O...320 32.^ q...322
33.''^+`= # =O^ L# '^+...325 34.^$O `Q^\?...326
35.D H#|_"~O` Z=~?... 327 36.=~}#O`~O...328 37.kfb
...330 38.H;^ =< =O ...332 39.H+Y=...335 40.D
J#==O` Uq\?...337 41.=~}# =O, JO^ qzH`...339
42.Ô^ ==~O...344 43.#~#...346 44.ù ...349 45.$ k
r= Ou...353 46." # ~ H }O... 356 47. O _
^#O...358 48."#H P~OO...360 49.PkuH Ou ...362
50.Pk uHO Pu"HO...364 51.Ox =*O U=`<~?
...367 52.uH ^= y^$+...369 53.^x #~r=#O...370
xix
IV. bM#O qH ... 374

1.H==#~+H~=^==JYO_ |=...374 2.[Q`=O
...384 3.''^== J~=...390 4.|"WÔ`!...394 5.|=
kf '`...396 6.=#r=_|=...400 7.^$a+...402
8.~=`# Z~Q@ LO...404
V. H~\ ... 406
1.D r=_ = _ ? ZO^ L^ q < _ ?...406 2.[Q ` H~ } O
|=?...411 3.H~ \ ` ...418 4.H~ \ H;r=Ò...420 5.Ò
...423 U_= ~A 6.# `...425 7.^...428 8."^=x
L^^...429 9.J~} "OH~`~A` ="O...430 10....434
11.=Ou =^#O ''P` H ~ "...439 12.qH=~A
=^#O ''P` L#K@...447 13.~~O...463 14.HO^~^q...468
15.gH...469
VI. SO^= |O_= ... 471
1.|= '=# [Q`?...471 2."~ "~ |O_=...476 3.WO^
J #O...485 4.<# =<=`_#!...487 5.^qk ...491
6.'r=_ J#Q?... 492 7.JO==...497 8. =O`=...501
9.=^# LO_O_!...504 N=+~=KO^ ij# 10.z`qz`
==H^~#=...506 11.WK~=...508 12.r= qQ=
...510 13.r= Lù #=...513 14.''H~ == L<?
" ?...515 15.=# H ~ = ...518 16.=# [_ = ?
K`#=?...522
VII. z`K
OK= ... 529
1.D H#|_Ô` L#k =#<<?...529 2.J_q z# @
~...531 3.H^ O@# L^=...535
VIII. q<^= ... 539
1.P` "~#Ô` J*#"!...539 2.|OÔ Z=iH?...541 3.H^ q<Ô
...544 4.hHH_ |OÔ? x^~!...548
IX. =O^*O ... 554
iK= 1.z` q<= [Q^=...554 2.=Ô =O^
*O...556 3."o PHeq"O...559 4.H~O...563 5.OH~
îHO...566 6.JO` =<q"...568 7.z`=^x K=`~=...569
8.z`=zH`B+Ô ...576 9.'z` # =# K@O...580 10.=#
xx
H =OL=#=...584 11.Jq^...587 12.=#~"~_

...595 13.Jq^# `lOK^\?...599 14.^dOK_"O^?...602 15.H~
H...604 16.^# [#O...609 17.|#=O O^^\?...611
18. ''J*# qH...614 19. ''*# qH...618 20.|OQ~O
LOQ~O...622 21.|" WÔ`...625 22.# H^"O ^=
ij#...628 23.XHx =# q=~Hi =# uaOaOK@O
...631 24.~=`H x~K#=...636
X. H~} gH ... 640
1.gH...640 2. gH...649

xxi
=OQK~}O
` ~} `} ux `xK I
`"==O x ` ``< # II 1
U Jkf == #O_ $+HO PH= "^# =`=, "\
#O_ = ^~= LxHx Ok <, J\ `~=Q ~=`
"Hie #=i<#.
*` *#O `^ *O ^ ^~# ^$ I
H~ ` H ` ` [`< #= II 2
*` (ZQ"_) *#O (ZQ|_ qÔ) *O (ZQ|_#k) ^+
^~#O ^$O H~ `= H W=h ^x = <, J\ *#
~=Q ~=` #=i<#.
~x jH~ ` J## =~ =< I
~O r=#O ` |#O^`< #= II 3
D ^=`, =#+, = "^# }O` U =#O^ =Ô
Lk Ô K`, P#O^ aO^=Q i<~, Uk ~^ P = }
r=#" J~=#^, J\ |#O^ ~=Q ~=` OQ #=~O
KK<#.
kq = `^H |~O`" q I
q`=` ` ~`< #= II 4
~_, H~_ J~#\ U ~=` ~O#, HO#,
PHO#, |@, _ UH~_#\H << ~=Q Ht
<_, J\ ~~_Q ~|=# $^~HOQ "K<#.

F "~Q H~}O G 1
~<^ <^ ` ` #=
N =+ ~= O"^=
I. "~Q H~}O
2
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
F "~Q H~}O G 3
"^\ ~A
1. L^` H^
~O 'f _ J< XH<H q^Hq^# XHC_ XH OÔ =zOk.
H~ Q^? *#O Q^? ....
H~h `lOz 'qK~}# J#i =Oz^? ....
qK~}# H\ L`= H~# P~OK@O Lz`=? ...
JC_ J`_ O^x=$u H~ î, |*x, `# ^~= J~#\
JQ=xx gOz q#OQ }=OK `# =#x J#=#O @\_.
JQ=x z~#= #q W@ eH~ :
<<! JkQ! PHO ZQ~K# Hx KK"? Jk ~O_ ~H LO><
ZQ~Òk H^! =#=_ _ H~ *#= ~ O_\ H~O` =`" "HHO
qiOKQ_. H=O H~=#Qx, H=O *#O =#Qx r=xH "HO aOK^.
D q+O h O^h `Q\xH hHH H^# q+O K`# q# :
'Jy"_ J< XH }_ LO_"_. J`x =~_ 'H~}_ J<
=_ Q~O "^ "ÔQ Kkq P `~"` Q~"O #O_ W
K~_.
WO\H =z# `~"` =O~O~OQ =K JyH~=, O^ =O^#=
KO_ u~Q` LO_"_. Jy"_ Jk Q=xOK_. XH ~A, =~}
^Q~ ez, ''=~! H~##O `lOz#@<=. H~# `lOz k Z
O^#O@<=? Jx J##OQ tOK_. JC_ H~}_, ''Ò_!
=i #<OK=O\~ KO_? "^=x Hx Q= ''H~##O
K=O^ Jx =$u =~O x~t<~. WH =iHx qQ=, 'H~,
^#=, O`#= "^#q "HO W==. ~`Q"H> LO Jx x=$u

''`Q#` H="
4
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
=~x KK<~. H~ K? =<? Ug `KH W@ =#O =Oz
L<# Jx eH T~ <_. JC_ Jy" _ HH #q W K ~OaOK_.
F! J^ OQf! ~. hHC_ XH H^#O qx#. JO` q# `~"` h
Z\ ` J\Q K~ : ....
'~z J< J~ XH<_ = ~`tY~O O`=Q ~x
LO_, PHO " KzOk. XH ^=^` HxOK_. JC_" ''F ^=^`! g
=YO U" #`# HO`` "QK#k. U^< q+=? Jx tOzOk.
JC_ ^=^` W@ KQ_ : B#! q+". WC_ XH ~=^`"#
O+} qx=<#. Jk `KHO>< < X HiOk. J^q\ h K`#
q#.
^=^` "H P J~ ^Q q#yOk ...
^=^` : QO^=^# ~Ò 'Ji+<q J< XH KH=i ZO` H ^`
` K LO_"_. =# = WO^ Q"#_ P`x ` "z J`xx
~=# f~=#kQ ## xqOK~. <# P ~A =^~ ~
H=# PxOK#. JC_~A ''J! < D #=~O HiOKO_. <^H
z# OÔ. ^=HO < J=^ x P#OÔ aO^? H JH__ =
HO Q< Q}^ LO\?Jx J_Q#.
J`x L`= *#H"# O`+Oz <# ''F ~*! r= `=
}H~#=O H~ ~O K~` LO\~. J~`, r= K } H~=
_ L`=, =^=, J^= ^= LO\~ H^! ~H" g HO
Q< Jk#"~, J#"~ LO\~. eÒQ ^=` r= _ ^,
J, ^~OH~=, ~, Q~=, Q~OQ=, H= O^`
LO\~. JO`H^. }=O` ="# `~"` P r= HO ~=O^
H^! JC_ Jq`^YO O^` LO\~. F L`= }j_! WH =#O
|^~^=? J<#.
JC_~A, '' O Q L# q+ =O` + ~ z #O^ H$À}
. F ^=^`!
XH qÔQ D H= =O\^ J#, ^ `=` _# P ~HO <#
H~H=@O ^. < x~}~=Q "H" H"e. JO^H~H WOH WOH `
K#. H$u ^=Q D Ô <e< ~"^. <# JO^ ^" Jx K
=#O =OK_.
F "~Q H~}O G 5
WH Kk H <# "#H =~# WO^^= x gOz q+ =O` q#qOK#.

P# P#O^~ Ok W P*OK~.
''F ^=^`! Ji+<q H k < P#OÔ HQKOk. J~` J`_
H~H< '"Hu L`= qK~} K` =`" aOk. J`_ `# `K L`=
q~y J~<_. ~Q=# LHOKQ q`~}jO _ OkOK<_.
JO^K` L`"`"# P` qK~} q#\xH J`_ `y L<_. JO^K` h= J`xx
"bH P=O K~. =`~=Q ^=^` ^~#O J`x@ =$^ H_^ H^!
P# zOz#> <# P ~A# "bH P=O K~#.

"H ^# 1) `, ^#, x= H~=O\ `=,

2) ``= qK~} ~O_ P=H!
uH Y~=Q H = "Hu =~ r=x K~O_< K~.
P`*#O H~=_#C_ ~= _ `$^H= H*^.
=="#"_ P`#=O Q =h# gOKe. "i "H=#
q#@O, =##O K@O L`= "H" L#k.)

2. L^ ~OO
Ji+<q ~A "bH P=O "tOK_. JH_ ^=O` q``,
O``` P#O^=" L#k. =x=~ =^~OQ =Q#O K<~.
=iHO^~ ~==`~H^ P#OÔQ KCHO@<~. KQ gK Q r=
H *# "~Q=# Q~ KK#@<~. q =$H= =^~ |=
qxOK<~.
XH Z`# #O =i"bH P# L<~. |#OÔ P# =YO
=sqOz L#k. ~A P## gOz OQÔ_ }=O K_. =i
~A# =Q HiOz M#} K~. ~A J=#` t~_ W@ iOK_.
'' "bH =s! <# O~|^_< J<H ^Y ~O~# J#q<#.
<\ H D ^=^` ^=# g ^~#O aOzOk. ZO`\ k#O! Ò_! g~
6
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
~=}O ~zOz H=# =H~O K~. J~` <^H OÔ. Z\
qK~}K ~=_ "^#"~ ^~~"# D O~ Q~x J=bQ ^@"~?
<H q+O K i<#. g =K#=K ## q`} KO_.
"bH =i Wk qx XH H}O =#O =OK~. `## P~OK =z#
t+x ~~ O~OQ QOK~. ''W`_ q"H ^$+` x`x`=#
ijeOK #HO@<_. H#H L`~ ~=}O (Q"+O ) q#\xH `y#"_.
H H}O H~, *<~# [# <Q J"["# =K =+ ~=
O"^ ~"# '"+ ~=}O W`xH kOK^# QH! Jx OHeOK~.
XHi P` ==# ^#O K~. =@ W@ =zOK ~OaOK~ :
N "bH =i :
kq = `^--H H |~O` " q I
q`=`, ` ~`< #= II (II - 1)
~`_, H~_ J~# U ~=` ~O#, HO#,

PHO#, |@, _ <<q^ ~= O^ UH_ Ht<_ J\
~~_Q ~|=# #=i<#..
$} ~[< =Hq ~=}=YO_`" I
`-=^~ `# r=#H q+ II (I-52)
F ~*! r=xH JYO_`x uk# '=~=}= KCK<#.

Wk ^Q , `~HOQ qx J=QÒ K H<" h= WH_ WC_ r=#` =
O^Q=.
D 'P`qK~} q#\xH H =O J*x (''< h^ =# J# ^ ` |k H"_)
`y#"_ HH`<_. H=O *xH WH K=# ^=O@Ok? Z=~`, ''<#
|^}, D ^$=x J"=Ò ## =Q} KOk. Z>< ~, P`*#O Ok
=_# H"e J< f"K Hey LO\~ J\ "~O^~ D '^ q#\xH
`y#"~ !
"^@ ~ ~=}O (U_ HO_` _# N~=x H^) `Hx LO_@O
[iy` JC_ P ~_ =$u =~O z`kx O^K<_. W k<Ok#
z`= OQ JH$u=OQ OQ *#O O^\xH Ja=Y=Òk. JC_
D =+ ~=O"^ ~"# P~ H~}=` _# 'JYO_ ~=}O
qKi kQ}H$`"# [#O kOKQ^. Wk x=$u =~O `H "HO
kOKQ^.
F "~Q H~}O G 7
~O k=^$+` N~=x H^ îOz 24,000 H=` ~=}O "#.

'~Â_ J# "_ < t+_. ="^q, |k=O`_, UHO^Q, q#=
H"__. J`xH ~=H^ qxOK#.
XHi J`_ P HÔ` "~~Ò Q=O`_Q |^=xH qxOK_.
P# ~=#OÔ Ok ''=~! K Q#^! ~=KO^x H^ H=#
H}O HQ*Ok. < D H^ qxOz#O^ U^< =~O H~H Jx
Pj~^~HOQ eH~. JC_ ~Â_ ''Ò_! D [# ^Y=
JOÒ` LO_@^. ^x=# [# ^Yq=`~, ^x QiOz KO_
Jx "_<_. JC_# ~Âx, < =^ `_x=z W@ P*OK~ :
''<<! "bH! WC_ h= "#H# JYO_ ~=}O = J#HO_
iK~. HO_ =^~OQ "=. J~`, ~=_ U qK~}K =+ =iK
kO|_ ~_ , P`~_ J_ P q+ x h t+_Q ~ ^ AxH
k O K . J\ qK~ } O` r= D O ~ = # Ju =OQ
^\"^~QH! W P*Oz JO`~#=~.
JC_ =zOK|_#^ h K=K<#. h g^ "Ò` Q=ì`_<
K<#. L` $+"# D 'P`*#O Ok#"_ H=, ^#=, Ja=#=
`lOz "_. x``$_ "Q_.

3. N~==`~O
F Ji+<g! h W+ ^== P <~}_ # i~"#~ xqÒ
XH ~A "+O îOz D q OKiOz<_. `# JYO_`=, Jkf z^#O^
~=# U=~z#"x= J=ìOz H=# =#O K_. K`# qQ_Q
N=<~}xH b =ÒQ "~"~ O^~= Oz# = QiOz
"^@Q K`#.
XHC_ [Q`=Q <~}_ |HO =K_. |^=x` ~
|H" P## lOK~. |=#`_Q #`=~_ =Ò
''<# x=_# H^! D K~K~ $+ < H=#^=#k? P~OK=#k
U=#k? Jx `z =^=x lOK<^. Wk Q=xOz# QqO^_ ''F~!
q`=! #`=~! h= x=_" H=K. Hx HH= =~=~^
H^! JO^K` =~q" [xOz H=~_=Q^=QH Jx OK_. JO^
8
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
uQ #`=~_ ''<~}! J\ J~` h= h ~ [` =# H~ HO`HO
J*x" q OKiOK^=QH Jx OK_. =i P "HO <~}_ O
Ke H^!
Wk W`~O XH<H HOx q+O. P HO ''Mu J# P" $Q=
H ~. P Mu q+~. ''~O`~qQ q+=#O^ b#=Q^#QH
Jx H~Hx H ^` P~kOzOk. H =`_Q q+=i `# ~e HiH#
J> O K~. JC_ $Q= H^~=_ ''F~ q+=s! ~qQO
ZO`\ ^H~" h èe. h _ <Q< ~qQO HQQH Jx
OK_.
QHO XHC_ ~^, ^=_x Kz U^ O^~O, ''h= ^#=O
[xOK^=QH! Jx OzOk.
J`_ [O^~_ [xOK_. J`x ~ |$O^. HHO@_Q [O^~} P
|$O^ u=Ò H_` LO_k. ^=`K iO|_, <~}_ HH}O
H~ H@~O ê |$O^ u=Ò OQ~K~. [O^~_ OiOK|__.
JC_ q+= "O K<_x è ''h _ ~ qQO HQQH Jx
OzOk.
=~HC _ q+= i cH~ H~=Q #$O_ #nf~O OKi< _. JC_
'^=^`_ J#"x ~ #$Oqx Kz O` } =êOk. JC_
^=^`_ ''h= _ ~qQO O^^=QH Jx OK@O [iyOk.
F ~*! H~} =# q+=i ~=_ [xOK_. h =H~H "~
"~ ~}=x O@# qxOK#. WH =#O P`qK~} "t<O.
=^# z`_" q#.

4. =`Ò
PH= H "= ~O #"H^! D x[O `H# `~"`,
''PHO h=~=Q ^~"^ L#k J< = Z=iH LO@Ok? D H#|_
[Q`_ He`=`=x, H"# '= Jx Ziy# `~"` WO^ # ~
qH~ `Q`~. J~`, |= H "= ~O `H#C_ =`"
D [Q` H x[~O =#O `HQO.
F "~Q H~}O G 9
J<H O==, ^Y ~O~, qH~= J#H}O r=xH HQ*#

D ''[Q^ $= ZH_ #O_ Ok? D ==~=, J#==, s~=
r=# ~zOKK JO^K# "~=~? xt` |k` ije D ^$=# XH_
P q^=Q =##= K@ K`< =Q J=Q, Y^Y iÒQ,
=#=Q, J=#=Q.... W@ J<H q^= # =#` J#= =QK#k....
Jx è=KK#k. =##" =#H, r=xH, [Q` H =H~}"
L#k. J#Q D '[Q` J#|_#k =##O^ L^~OKK#k. ZC_` '[Q`
J#|_ J#=O =##O^ L^~OKO_ qiOK|_Ò^, J\ q~}=K
U~_Q ^ ~#=" ~` $+=Q =H Jx *# =# KCK<~.
J~` J\ q~} u J#==^\? ''J<H J#==` _# D
^$= L#^? LO> xH XH ~HO Q, =$^x H =~H ~HO Q ZO^ `KK#k?
H|\ D H#|_ ^$=Qx, nx H`= Qx U HO# LO_ LO_<^ J#
J^~"# ^ H *#= r=xO^ ^$_O H"e. JC_ =`" ^$=
H q~}, ~= H Jx~Kh#=O XHi r=xH HQ`~.
Ou =# HeOK|_# D [Q`# ^+ H ="# == HO>
"~# J`"n ^. J~` J\ [Q^=~`=K HQQ P`H`~O G
qK~} =OK J<OQ `H aOk.
J\ P^` q+=# uk# L`= G= L<~. "\x =#=_
KHQ ijeOKe. ^, P`#u Ok# =h =Y`qO> WOH =Ozk.
''^$=Qx, ^+`=Qx q^ J##\ `` *#= H =OK` =#
#O_ D ^$= `yQ JC_ +O K ^ ~ ` u ~ H ~" # \
''Pù.
H|\ D ^$= H qK~}= H~ P`*#=H ÒKe. J\
HO_, P`*#O q_z H =O G "#` H "#` _Hx J<`~HOQ
ZO` _` =Ò UO O KC?
"@"^@ L`= x= H~K`, L#K`, =}=#<^K`,
qK~}K` r=_ "<HO kOKe. D qÔQ z`= x~Ò O^QH!
~ "# (tendencies) O~OQ `lOK@ L`="# =~O. 'PH Hey
LO_@ "# ~OH^. OK=@ Q = `y` JC_ =iHO`
J=K PH ~H=Q (WOk=`\) `^` = #yÒk. WH
[#[#Q "O\#O\ =# "# `=O`@ `" `Q`~. ''Ou =#<
10
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
D [Q` < W@ H#|_Òk. OuH "~Q [Q` ^ J# ^ (self-
training) O K` P`*#=# ~H+ J~#\ ''x~}u L`#=Òk.
"< ~`=, ^$ =## ~`= HQQ JC_ aOK ` '"HO. J#Q,

WHC_ "HH " `= P=H` Un LO_^.
J~` "# H O~ i`QO Jq^ ^+= #\ ^ z`
=`" Ô. ZO_ Z`# Hn =OK Hiy`#@ P`*#O L^~# Hn
H=OQ ^$`^` O, Jq^=#, J<H`#=O, "# =O #y`~.
F ~*! OK`=K (q, [=, Jy, "=, PHO) `~QK#
D uH Ô _ "# K`< îO|_K#k. D "# ~O_ ~H-
1. ^ "# 2. =e# "#
WO^ =e# "# s~ ~O~ H (=~ =~ [# O^\xH)
H~}=`<~. =e# "# H PH~=Qx, "\H =H~}OQx J*#"
J#k. J\ =e# "# h `" ''JOH~= J< ~=# O^K<~.
WH ^ "#, ... JOH~=#, [# ~O~# #tOK<~. L_H@|_#
"~#Q yO[ =~ "O^? Hx, ~O =Ò HeQ LO@Ok H^! ^
"# _ * =Q (`H<k è|_#k) P`# Ziy# `~ "` `=O^
'#~# J< JO~O Hey LO_=. 's~O îOK@ J# ==~ ~o
=`" Hey LO\~. J\ ^ "# =`" Hey L# r=} ''r=#_ Jx
<O.
=`_Q N~=_ =+=iK kO|_, #\# =[OQ r=#_,
D q OKiOK_. P ~=_ Z\ qK~}K J\ ~"` $+ ux O^_
.... P qK~} h _ K`#. Wk qx#"iH [~=~}O `QÒk. "~
`= ~= H "=u Q~.

5. H^ "O
J^#Q~O eOK ^~ ^ =~A ZO`HO `~ "` `H"+ "^#
Q= eÒQ #Q~ =~ HeQ~. "~ ~=, H;}, ~` `.
Q~= J~# =+ =i =^ P #Q~ ~[=~ qÔ iK~.
~^, #=#"#` qO` Ht<~. Q~O #O_ JO`~xH
F "~Q H~}O G 11
uiy=z# ~=_ Ò_ J#[ ^~# "O@@x f~` |^~_.

J<H |=, }#^, ^" qOz uiy J^ K~_.
J^ Ki#\#O_ ~=_ "qHOx `\H[OQ H=H=OQ
H}OKQ_. J\H J`x = ^=_ U qOK^. Hx, `\ ~`
P_@O =x"_. JO`~O XH = ^#O ~x ZC_ U^ Pz
LO_"_. Z=i`# =\_"_ H^. i[# ZO` |u=_`Hx, <^
H~ _ K"_ H^. J`xx Kz P`x `= _ zO`HO`~.
JO`~O ~[=~# O^_^.
^~^ =~A ~=x"#O Q=xOK_. XH ~A `# ^Q~ eOz, `_
~O_@Hx #Q ''WO` n#OQ L<=. H~}"q@? h =z# @
Uq\ <KC Jx `~z `~z tOK_. Hx UO O? ~=_ =Ò
=HiQ ''<HO J=~O? WH @ Uq LO@Ok? Jx T~<_. ~A WH
KkH, Q~=, =+x ~Oz ~=x x[Ò QiOz KiOK_. JC_
=+_, ''F ~*! h =~_ ~=KO^_ "QOc~ =_. J\ "iH
H~} HO, O`+O, qÔ "^# qH~ @=. # =`"
H~} qKeÒ K~. H#H, =# ~=x H W\ qz` =~# U^
L` $+"# H~}" LO_ LO@Ok. h= kQ_=^, ^xH< `y# =O
~"eH^! Jx J##OQ eH_.

6. qq`x ~H
'qq`_ J< =i L<~. P# XH =# ~AQ [xOz H
`^<k `=K |i J~. XHC _ t+ "Ò` WO^x ZkiOz,
'uO_ J# t+x H~ ~ O_= ~O $+O z#\ ="^q. Jkf ue.
H H}" H~H==Q HeyO_ ~H<=^_<~. XH ~A JH`Q
P# J^#Q~O =K~. ~A P## PxOz J~ ^^ =iOz
XH L#`#O ~O_\~. x =YO` z qq`xH OQ
#=~=, ^H} =iOK~. =+ qq` ` ~~O
O+OK H<~. ^`ÔQ ~OaOK|_Ok. ^~^ =~A q#
~HOQ O#= #O_ z W@ eH~.
12
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
''H H}" rq` ÔQ Hey# F qq` =s! QÒ.
=#=# J=$Ò a Z\ LO@Ok? ~A `~|_ H~= H@HO P=Oz#_
J#HO_ XH ~A O`=~O i ZO` P#OÔ! Q_"_H K ~=@",
O\"xH H ~=@" [iy` ZO` O`+O! g D ~H =, = [ JO`
P#OÔ HQKOk. "=O` g ^~#=K q`=O. WK H^
~ `Q g =O\ |#O^ ~ = ~[# H$Ò K`< ==O\ "i=^
=~. g~ ZO^ =K~ Jk <~"~|_#> qOKO_. xOHKOQ P*OKO_.
D ~[O#"< ~, g ^=O^ LOK\xH <# ÔQ L<#.
qq`_ P =@ O`+Oz W@ eH_.
''F ~*! g, g ~[=# =QQH. h Juk =~^ ##
P#OkOK<~.
<# XH =[O `\#. Jk xiOQ x~OKQey`, H=
O K~Òk. J~` "= [= ~OaOz ^=`# PxOz#C_
HO^~ ^#= =z ["\H ~H =O i<~. = `h
Ô"`<~. "= QnH L#C_ JÒ` O` =" LO\=
H^! Jk "~ J=HOQ fHO@<~.
WC_ J q+xH =#. h= = D `=# O Ke. h
=~_ ~=_ WO^x qOz# ~H== H"_. D [h_Q =+=i
=^ ~G q^ <~Hx =g~_ L<_. = P ~=_ H"e. J`_
=`" =$Q=# "\_ "@Qx= P ~H# =@@Q_. = [O
k~A [~QÒk. WH WC_ Z= =O =$^ H_^. Ju`~
[O ~OaOK\xH Jh Ô K<O.
h= ~=x ~H=O QiOz OHOK=# x^. J`_ "#" ~H<<
~, H}O ^#=_ h Hi `z@Q_. ~=} < JyOz# =~H}O
==# k# P ~H P= =_#>. =# ~=_ OQ< Q H
O#_. Q <K ~HO|_Q_. WH J#=#O ZO^? XH" ` ""O
K` J#=@ `C`" Jk h J~"#k H^. WH =O ~A Wz# =@
`C`~? ^. h ``~O HO "z L<#.
^~^_ JO` qx J"H_. Hk H}= `~Hx ~O_ K` *_Oz
W@ q#qOK_ :
F "~Q H~}O G 13
''F =s! Jh è _ ## iO K<~? Z< iÒz#

`~"` <H ` H H HeQ~. < OK} ~=_ q^. J`xH U"<
J~` <# iOKQ<? D ~=_ = K~x _. WO`=~
He` Ô < Qx, x["# Ô "t Oz Z~Q_ . q `. Jk ~H `
Ô. <# JH} #O` =z q QO ~H#. J~<, P ~H=~
=iH q=iOz KO_. "~ ZO`=Ok? Z\"~? "~ =^ q~^
H^H^...? XH" q u|O^HO HeyOKk =}~_, OÔ^
H^H^? D HO ~=}x QiOz qO@<O. J`_ ~x `=_. q=x
=~_. " =O^` "" x=O. WH = ~=_ ZO`\ "_ KO_? Wk
D~K#~O HO^~ ~H ~}OK HO. q! ## HqOz J#QOKO_.
` ==H~O` <x\ JO@<#O\~? x[". D `H~ <# Z< U
ÒK#. = = *## "~ ` QH== H~ i` LO\~.
=# =#==Q "= ZO`\ "~O KO_? J@QH, |`~OQ < `x
Qx `#O\~ .... =~H}O ## qQ`r=xQ ZOKO_. q =K\xH
JH} #O` <# ÔQ L<#.
qq`_ JO` qx `\# z x|__.
''< H~= <~"~#x =@ Wz, WC_ J#=@ "#H fHO\"?
~=OO \# h Wk `QÒ^? OO _ H=@=? ~ KO^x #O_
L+ H~} |_@=? ~! =Ozk. h= < H~ f~O> <# "o=#.
u*OQO K#"_" |O^=` YOQ LO_.
WO` =+ _ qq`x qOz J## "H` O`~ K _. ^~ ^ x
H ez, ''F =~*! h" ^~O `` Z\? Q, ~=x ~H=O OQu
< `. J`_ qq`x ~H} LO_Q ì~ KK"~ D =_ H=
Z=~< L<~? JO^K` ~=} Ò_ O. h " HQÒk Jx
=^~OK_. ^~ ^ _ ` ==H~O HO` H \ q"K< ^$+` q+ =O`
ijeOK_. ~=} O\xH x~OKH<_.

14
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
7. ~= "O
~A ~=KO^x H XH PO`~OyH =} eOK_. ''F~! =#
~=x u WC_ Z\ L#k? zO`h `lOz LÒ OA H<_? Jx
tOK_.
N~= $ `= : =~*! =# ~=KO^_ f~ ` "o =z#\#O_,
J^H qÔQ L<_. "=O` ZO` iQx # [< K@^. =`
=\_< =\__. `# `< ''D O^ =# UO [#O? P^K
kO|_x"_=_? D JO`~=, =H[#O, ~*k ==~= D r=_x
H_Q"? J HiH ZO^ LO_e? Uk k UO `H`? WÔ`
#~" H^! Jx KCHO@<_. ZC_ Kz< UHH=, UHQzÒ`
ZH_ XH = ~x LO\_. `# XH ~[=~_#< ~} ^. Y"#
q+# \ OKH_. ^YH~=Q "~ U=Ò OkOK_. Ja=#=Qx,
HiH Qx H\ OK_. ''~*! Wk q? Jx t =#" J`x =^#O.
ZH_< `~_#C_ ''J=~! g~O^~ H=K HO|_`<~<
q+ O `Hx L<~? "H ^ = H~ uOK O> g~O^ rq# \
KO_? Jx xn t<_. ''~=KO^! g~ H =@H^! W
=\_@ O Lz`" <? zOKO_ Jx "= J#C_ H H #=`_. XHHC_
"= =\_Ò> J qxOKH=_O ^.
''W" P` WOO` W`=O H< =
=#-k`" Wu H< Qu! (X-38)
''Wk O^, Wk P^...J#|_#Ô` H<=" H^! Jx J~O =K

@" aQ~Q _K<_. XHi, = XH} ez, ''U=! ' WOH
Q`q\? Jx J#< ~A =K=~ D [# "~QO O^@^q\? hH"<
H~}O `? Jx t<_. ^xH ""O =^#O KQO? = Z=~<
~[Hq+= 'T Z`Q<, P =@ U=Ò q=xqQ K_. ''WÔ`
K=`~OQ L#^! ^$+K =`" a# D [Q`^. |kH =`"
`KK# JOH~O _ "="#k H^. =i r=_H ^YO ZH_#O_ =Ok?
Jx XHK@ " ^x QiOK z LO\_. P`x ^$+ |O^=, q`,
`=, ~[=, H+=, Y= L#> = HxOK@O ^. J`_
=_ _ =Ò H^. =_ _ HH~ LO_=K. J`xO^ P, `=,
Ou H#|_@O ^.
F "~Q H~}O G 15
HO ^<# H=Oa HO ~*# Hg?

Wux"#O` }`Q~ ` II (X-46)
''D ^#O`, D |O^ [#O`, D ~[=` D `=` <Hq x?

<# xOQ W> } =k# Jx `# `< Q}O@O>, qO@#
= ^Y" =Ok. i~"# q==` xO_# JO`~ OQ}=#, J`_,
H@"+O "# =Ou~ex Kz#@ K<_.
XHi U"#^ K`# q#O_. = $` XH_ =# ~=KO^x gOz
''=~*! D ~[= îOKO_ Jx "_H<_. "O@< ~=_ J`x"
uiy ''F~! `_! D J#= KQ"#@ =\_K<"=?
XHH P+ Z x~~H=Ò^ Q=x<"? P ZO` =Ô!
~=#O^~"# "H= H~ =#O U"< K<=@? ^. JO^K` D
`Ò Q=O` H H\ @. D rqÒ Uq\? D s~^ ZO^ < ~?
HOKO zOK Jx eH_. P H< L# "O P~O. = XH_
XHi ~=KO^x ^#O zOK_. JC_`_, ''F~! K_! ^#O
H~O@<"? ~ =Ozk. Hx, 'D ^#" ~ J#~ =O Jx =Ò
=~=. WOê ^+=# ije LO_ Jx K, Z^~Q L#Ô` Wz"_.
=~*! ~=_ =^~e. B^~O#, ~H=O# J`xH J`_
\. =i J`_ J@ ZO^ =i<_? .... = è@O ^. Jk #@#
H^. H x~Ò, ^$_Ò ~^ H\ `=`< L<~. @#O_ ~Q_
eH "tOK@O ^. =i J`x U^ "O K@KH#^x = JxOk.
P "O Q\, J`xx =~eOKQe y#"~ Z=~< L<~? Z^~Q L# == #,
[## K_x "xH ""O K QO? nxH g~ U^< i~O H#Q# i < #.

JO` qO@# qq` =i H# P#O^~` HtOK~.
N qq`_ : F ~=$`_! ZO` KHQ q=iOK=! h= K#Ô` qO> <
P#OÔ HQÒk. h= "o ~=} WH_H f~. Pt` =`_# ~=_ g
HiH, = =@, Ò_ P[ H^#_.
~=$`_ ~*[ QHx, ~=x JO`~O " ~Q f_.
N qq` =i : F a~! =# ~=xH Hey# D z`"HO "~QHOQ
H#|_@^! J`x "~QO P` =<, ~Q^=<, H=^ =#< HeyOk
16
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
H^. q"H "~Q= =# Hey# z` ^"#x < JxOk. ==$Ô
_ WO`\ ij<`H |k LO_@O =#O O`+OK=# q+".
F ^~^ =~*! g~ ~=x QiOz kQ _=# <g^. J`x
z`= *# "~Q=` xO_ L#k. Hx, JO^ ^~xH O|OkOz# =`
OH WOH qye L#k. P ^+=# =#O HH^K WC_ `yOK=
.... WH J`_ _ ==O\ |+= `^=Q "H= #O^ qOu
O^Q_. H$u ^=Q ~[# "^# HH ==~=, "HuH
..... XH^x` =~H^xH .... q~^"g ""xH ^. P` qK~}K L`=
Qux Ok, P Z\Q< ==iOK=K. = "H= qO> ` Q}O
=$k KO^Òk. J`_ H~H~}``=O` `HO\_. Y^Y= Jf`_
Q_~H#, ~~x, |OQ~=# XH f~Q K_Q_.
WO` ^~ "`_ ^~ O=`~= =` ~KO^ `[K
HtOKK# ~=_ "t OK_. #`<Ò "eq iOk. a O`
~=xH [O eH~. P`_ "^@ ~[O#O gOz Ò_ ^
$tOK_. |+, |"`, z#\ Q~= q#OQ #=iOK_.
=O`, ~*^Q u#=~O K_. ^~ ^ _, ''<<! ~=! QÒ .
W@=z =~A P#O ~! Jx eH_. Hh P =@ ~=x Kqx
_<^. J`_ =Ô XH ^=#O^ KuH_ ~<_. Z=~ $`=
~Q#~ XH HOO`z JH_ ~K_.
=~A : =~! h= ^ ~ = J~# =+ =i =^ q^ J OK=. *#=O`_=.
~A=. ~ q+ = P `_=.Ug èx [_x= =i < "=?
x~}"# D ^#O ZH_ #O_ =zOk? P`# q<Ô` P#OkOKHx,
"^< ^` x# h" kOKH=@O Lz`=? h=O\ q" ^ K, Q~=K
L^tOK|_# =~" J#i~ H^! Z=iH< ^~" }=, ^f _.
x~~H"# z`KOKO =# "=O@Ok?
N qq`_ : F ~=KO^! h [=QQH! h =# L# zO` Uq\
= KC . h =<"`xH H~}= Uq\? x# UU q+ k < ~?
"= =K= H^! h =<" Z\ OHKO O_ = =OÔK. "= h
Oh `yOz, =<"^ T< O_ KO. qK~} H=@K`<
=#=_ D ^$= =QK, J<H =^ J#q<_. h =# L#^q\
==# `Hh.
F "~Q H~}O G 17
qq`_ # ~HOQ K#Ô` ~=_ q<_. Hk H}

JO` HeKK_. `# ''P! <_ ZO` k#O! | q^~}# =~
D # JOHiOz L<~. H#H < O^x\H =^< `H a~
Jx J#H<_. ~~HOQ W@ =^#qK_.

8. ~= "~Q =~#=
N~=_ : L`"`=K JOHiOK|_# #=~O. WH_ "OK#
qq`k =~ ^~#QO, "QO J<H [# H$Ò K`< a~.
qq` =s! < =# L# "h g~ P*Oz#> K`#.
< D "H= ^+""< LO> HqOKO_. `~+ =<Q`"#Ô`
èK@O ^" J=Òk H^!
<# ^ ~ O=`~= HÒ D ^~ ^ =~A WO\ [xOK#. H=H=OQ
=$kKO^` qÔ i K#. HO`HO HÒ f~` "o=K#.
=z#\#O_ < =# XH<H ''qK~} L`#"#k. P qK~} H
~"q\ K`# q#O_.
HO<"Ô |`YO O O~ Où?
*` =$` H, q` [#<K II (XII-7)
D O~ ==~O 'YO JO@ U^< L#^? WH_ } K=\xH

@K<_. @_xH KKK<_. WO`H< WH_ KCH`Q q+"=#k?
HO^~, ''J ZO^H#H"e? WO^ S~=, ^#=, [#,
"^#q Y^=H^! Jq OkOK H#"~ YOQ< LO@<~ H^!
Jx JO@<~. Hx, Wk q#O_!
J~ ~"" K~K~ K+`
PÔ ` " q= = II (XII-8)
WO^ =~[OQ= r= O^K# Q=, q= = W=h J~ = ,
J`=, J`= J~ L<~. XHC_ HOKO YH~OQ `z#\H,
`"# YO =Ò YzÒQ kOK@^. XHH}O HxOz =~H
H} O =" `# ^# , [#, =<^ Y ^`x J#@O Z\? L^~}
D O^ fHO_. g\x _@H=@O#, ~HOKH=_O# [# Zx
18
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
P^ Z^~O@<~! W=h Zx ~H# "k i` ^~
H~} `=`<~! JO^K`< YH~= x J<H= Ok J#HO@# D O^ ,
D q==, D ^~ *=, D =#+ O|O^ O^== `~+
^$+ `K=, u~~=Q< LO@<~. g\H u# J<H=Ok
O~r= J<H K+ _ < J~~ÒQ< Hx<~.
D O~O =# Hx# |O^`, , J#|O^, "^#"\x
ij#Q Kz#C_ < XH\ JxOk: WOê [# XHiHH~ O|OkOz#"~
H~. g~O^~ W# p= (iOQ=) XHiHH~ =__#@ H LO@<~.
Hx, H, H, P"^#, O~ Z=iq "i". XH~ =~Hi =O\"~
H<H^. J~` r=_ ''D D =, D D ^~= < YH~= Jx
OHeOK@ [~QÒk. JO^K`< J`xH "\` O|O^=, O^==
U~_K<~. KK~? D OKO =# Hx# Jx ~H=# O|O^=
H=O ''OHeOK@ J# H H~}O K`< U~_K<~. J\ OH=`
O|O^ D r=_x ZO`Q HaO K< H^!
D [Q`, nxH $+ u =#K HeOK|_#q =`". J~`
UO? D r=_ JOÒ_ ^Y H ~O~ O^K< L<_. =# Jx\H
H~}O. Hx, iHOz K D '=# J##k ZH_#k? ^xK `~K|_Ok?
'=##= K@ J#^xH "Q D =# J`" ^. JÒ x ==
H~}OQ r==Q "= |Ô J=`<O. ZO`\ ^~^$+O! =_=$Q=
JO` ^~O =$Q`$+# Kz ''JOê [O = Ô f~Ok Jx J#Hx
ZO` = F~Hx ~Q``~ KK~! =_|^=Q "= _ 'J`
J~#\ OzH Y=K PHiOK|_, ~Q f<O. D q+ Y=
z=~ = @ ^~Q~= J=`<~. J*#O K`< "\O^ YOu
O^@O [~QÒk Hx, O^K#k =Ò OH@= =`". 'JO`=
Jx è_ D q+Y= "= J=_ `<O. J~}O XH `#
Qu _~# Hx JH_ P# H HO Q_`~. HO`\ H
Jq ''J! "= D Qu z<"? Jx `Hx ^d~. "= _
"=OK` 'WOk= = J< Qu_ J<H "OKK H@|_
L<O. ZO` HxHQx, ''J! WH_ D J*#O z<O H^ J< q+O
`HH`<O.
WC_ KO_. D ~*^` <Hq x? D Q <# ZO^
F "~Q H~}O G 19
zH"e? J <<=ix? D ^$ OK=O` <HH_#O_ îOzOk? <#

WH_H ZO^ =K#? < "= ~"q\? D s~^ <HH_ #O_ ZO^
<~? D h =ê ## '~[Q J< |~^ zH=O\~?
Uk ZH_#O_ =z< ~x=O_. Uk q^ Jk q^Q< LO_QH. J`=,
J"==, J`= J~# ^~=K <# =OÔ_^# QH!

=`! qq`! D qÔQ J<H H}= #O_ q=~# K, JO`

ijeOK#. qK~} Kx"xH ~zH~OQ `K D OzH ^~=@ <
XH q^"# 'J~z \Ok. XH @i Ò^~xg^ ^~OQ L# Q=xH
`~` ~Q #_z" K<_#HO_. JC_ @ H #Q # = `K= Q<
H # |_ ` ~ H ^ ! < _ D O ~ q+ i jeOKx U=` O
JxOK@O^.
Uk Z\ L<, < =Ò x~+"#, `"# Y O` aOKH
L<~. g! O ~ r =" # " = J< H ~ _ ` <O. K < O.
[~=~}=, O`+ q^, Y^M, P"h~ =<~.
`<~. D O~O He# ^M# "= `yOKHH `<O. ''D
'O~= J< ^+O ==# PHqOKO_ LO_k Z\? J< ##
~uO|= Ôz"Ok. XH ==$H `] Q JyH}O "tOzO^#HO_.
JC_ P =$HO @ `# PK Q J#q L<, #=Ò tkÒ
O^` =#OQ ~k LO@Ok KK~? = O~r= Qu _ J\Q
L#k. = =# i`QK H}H}O ÔK|_K<~. @ =Ò
U"" H~H== HeOKHx ~A Q_K<O. D O~ =, D
^Y= = JO` H#|_@^.
g! =~ =~ =K |=OÒQ J#qOK|_K# `K Q=K
"= k" O^`<O. "^~ OQ= } "=` _#"~",
|O =Ò K<O. [_|^" LO@<O. ZO^HO>, ^Yx=$u H~ `"#
L"n P~OKx "= [_^~=HO> Jk=? H^. H\ H î^xH
JkH O`#O Q q"H ~ `=Q = J<H LK hK L^ =z`<~.
D `K ^<^ `"# P#OÔ W=HQ, Jq ==# H}H}O
'=, "=, =`~= "^# ^+=$Q= x=# J*<~}=H
`"<~. h, D ^#=#, D i"~=# `l^= Jn ^~#k
20
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
H^. WÔ` KO> < ^Y" HQÒk. H=O èÔ_, `k`~
H+_`~"#x =`" H U_@^.
=s! D OK=O` JqK~=, J*#=, =_`=, =~`=
Jx" ^@OQ "Oz L<~. WOk =Q ''q+= J< ÔQ
= $^ Q$= "tOz = 'q"H= J< O^# ÔyeOK`<~.
"= P ÔQ# QiOK@^. ''Wk = KOk LO_QH. = ~ u+=@
Uq\? "^# U"" OH~=` ^K`<O. P q+ÔQ#
x~kOK@ = D s~ =~, G q^ ZO^ xH =~ KO_?
|*#Q qÔ =`" "ix x~kOKQ~.

9. ^# ==~O
F =x! "=O` D '^#O J##k O~O K ~`"# q+=x
q<O. J\ =# =_Ò K`< = =^ K~Òk. nx=# x["#
Y=Qx, OuQx HQÒ^? ^.
XH_ ZO` ` ''<# =O^ =O^ Y_^# QH Jx qOz `#
H
#, èq`@#, H=# qxyOz J\ `=#O^ x=Q_`<_.
J<H ~A Q_z`<~. J\ `= Hx O, =iHx qO
J=`<~. J~` XH H q"# rq`HO =$^ JQ@^? [O`=, H@H=
[#h P~ x^ "^<` Q_z`<~. =#= [#_ JO`=`"<?
D ^#=# Ja=$k KH=@O Z< =^, , ^" `~
_K<~. Wk =## "=#O^ zHOz J<H q^=Q H=~@K#k.
XH qzÒ Q=xOK~? ^#= x"_, ''J! < ^#=^? J`xH L#^?
Jx "=K<_. Hx, ^#= Hey#"_ =Ò, ''<# WC_ Jqz#"#
`$x O^K<# Jx J#H=@O ^. ZO` K=`~"# q+O!
D ^#= ''<# P~#\ D`_ Q}=O`_? H^? J##k K_^.
~AH =OQ< Jk XHK@ ~ O Q LO_^ . xC `H# HuQ XHK\#O_
=~HK\H ~Q f LO@Ok. Ô, EÔ, =OK#, O =O\ J^~
H~ _ ^#=# OKQQ K<~. ^#O L#K@ ''^~= LO_Q^#

^~= function, Duty consciousness
F "~Q H~}O G 21
#=H "=#k? `y = q+=# H#@, ^#=# OkOz D

=#A_ _ H=, H^, , "^# JkHO K HO@<_. Q *=O`_,
~_, H$À_, JOî\ uH"_ _ O^ Ok#_ `# H=
=O H=K<_. H} O Hi< `_Q, Jq"HQ ` ~Q K<_. ^ o_#
H~}OQ ~`=_ =e#_Òk H^! qz`"q@O> ''[#xO^ `_ Qx
^#=O`_, `## `< Q_H#x ~_, =^$+ Hey=O_ = D =Q~
aOK@O HO ^~" J=Òk.
OH~ q+~O ^y=# @Q fQ Z\^, D O^ _ J\".
ZO^HO\~? Jq L# H q"Hx T_ _`<~. O~=#, L^Q=#,
^~=# `z_`<~. `^$+x =~K@@ K<~. g\ \\O
ZO`Q r=_x PHiOk! ^#"H> rq`H OQ H"~ hK`, ^~~`,
` O K= =Ok. Q}=O` ^~OQ LO_`~. WH g\H
JOu= eÒ Q=x, Jk Ju KOKOQ< LO\Ok. Z=iHO WO`Q qOz D
r=_ ^<^# OkOK_ "~ P`xx ^+<~. u~i<~. WO`
OkOz HOz KKHO@ LO_Q =~H" D s~" tk=Òk. J`_
`# OkOz#Ô` OQ, ==H~OQ, xOQ K ''J! WÔ`
q_z "=O^<? <# ~# `~"` U=Ò^, U"? Jx JO`~OQ=#
`KK ^Y=< O^K<_. q+= =`" J~=#\ D ^<^
WO`Q z`=# PHiOK@O < z`=x JxOk.
^#=` > Ou, ^~ #=, |O^^+=, ÔQO, H~Q$O,
=$Ò "^# J q+ _ "O@#O\ LO\~. D J#"h
[# Q=x<, K_#> LO@<~? "= nx ~HH H}H=. nx=#
'YO aOk Jx `K@O =\ Ou =`"#x < JxOk. r=#
"yOK@O ^#= `~"` U^<. ^#= L#K@ *#=, "~Q= K@
KH=_O ^~"# q+".

10. rqÒ P+
D P+# KK~ g! Wk zQ~ H#O^# [aO^= Q
KOK" L#k. zeO_x [OQ #tOK@ nx =O. D s~O L#@O_
U H}O< JHOQ ~Q J=Òk. XH 'x== JO@ O_ U
22
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
H}
O< <Òk. =h~! ''WOk q+ = J< ~ = P""#
z`= Q"iH P+ =< HQ* O^x < JxOk. P`*#O Ok#"iH
=`" Jk [#H~O . ZO^HO\~? XH" WOk # WOk q+ =
|#~O> |` `~`~Q PH~O J=@O P~"=#k? "=
WOk^$+x =`" Hey LO@<O. JO^H = P+ x+[#O J~Òk.
D [Q` HO^~ ~=Q 'P` QiOz ZQK#"~ J\ P`^= #O^
qqOKK<~. JO^K`, =O^ =|k Hey=O@<~. J\"i@
=`" D P+ YÔ J=Òk. WH "= D iq` s~Ô^ ''D
s~" "= J##\ ^`|k Hey LO@<O. JO^K`< H, J<H zO`
==# OOz"<~.
J~< D P+# #q LO_@O Z\ KO_? U H}O U^< H=K#
H^! "=H ~}=#, J# x~kOK=K<" Hx, h\ |_Q=O\
P+# xQ=x #q LO_@O Lz`"<? Wk Ju KOK"#kH^? JO^H
*# nxx `~OQ==, K=~ x nO= `~ #tOz^x Q<
K~ . HO^~ [#, ''J! "= Q = O`x QiOz =e`#O KKHO\O.
WC_ Ò^~ Uq =zOk? JO@ LO\~. "iH P+ ZO` #=HO! J@
"~ #q "=@^?
Ò_! =s! =# ^ 'Jì J< =$QO QiOz K` LO\~. Jk
q OKQ< =~} O k. J~#\H Q~ `= J~#\ 'OQ== # H~HO@<
LO@Ok. J\Q _ ''= ZO` P+ LO_QH Jx H~HO@<~.
Hx =_Ò P~Oz z` O``# H~# `~"` n~+ LO_ =Ò
[#"=#k? rqOz L#O^ [#OQ ~ q^ ^Y~ `=Q ~= #O^
~"#\ |== kOKe. JYO_#O^=, ~=Ou x= J~# P`#
Ok#C_ rqÒ ~H=Òk.
`~"- r=x, r=x =$Q H} I
r=u =< =#<# #r=u II (XIV-11)
=$H, =$Q, _ rq<~. Hx UO O? Z=xH`, D ^$

OH= H =##= H}O^, J\ =# H"_ "="# rq`=#
J#q<_x < JaO. D rq`= @, D H#|_ ^$ ==~= @
~ # J=Q# Hey=O_e. ` ^$+x J=OaOz "## `lOz" e. `` ^
Ok ^# H"e. J\"i q+O =`" P+ ^#` KO^Òk. WH
F "~Q H~}O G 23
`H#"i q+O Uq K=O\~? "~ =e Q_^ = ^#, ^~, k

q+=# =Q` "<~. (G*#O _ 'H== "^# ~Q=K
_O|_"iH, ^$ q+=@ J#~QO OKH#"iH ~=Q<
i}qOk). H#H, ''*#O OkOKH"e Jx J#H<"~ =O^ H=^#
[~OKe. ^|~= ""_ P |~=# kOKHO>< d_ H^!
zÒu x"iH P z`" #~= J=Òk. D z`= J#H}O J<H
OH=# PxOz H` KO^Òk.
J~`, HO^~ =Ò, ''Wk P`, Wk J<` Jx Ziy#"~ s~a=#O
`lOz"<~. D s~=# _ W`~ ^$ ^~= = XH<H "#
=== K<~. "i |k x~O HQ =# ` K~Òk. =<
` xK@ JO^"# ~O, s~ +, HH"# èq`@, n~+, G*#O,
OH =~O, Q*#H W=h x+[#" J=`<~. #~=Q
i}qOz J<H ^Y=# QK _`<~. J~` "= =# Q~u~HO
K` WÔ` QiOK<=. U""` KKHx ''"= WO`\ "~=H^ Jx
J#HO@<", J=h = "O> LO@<? ^. HkHO = =#Q~h
<~z ==# q_z`<~. D P+ ~"# YOQx, ~`"#
JO=Qx HeyLO_#C_ Wk Q}#" =~" J=Òk H^!
##O xQ~} # Q~=<~Ò I
PY~~H}= =~}<=H` II (XIV-19)
e ZH# OQ KK#@ XH H =$`= }x qOy "_xH

=a+` x~O`~O KKK#k. D q+O r= Z\ =~KK<~ < J~O
H=@O ^.
~Q s~x _K<~. "~HO #HQ HK ~#k. [~=~}
q`= H~K #O K H=\xH L`_ K<~. WÔ` W@O_Q J<
WÔ` Q=xOKO_ fiHQ ~x =~=#O =~O KHO@<~.

11. JOH~ ~O
Jx\H< | `= D 'JOH~O. W`_ H~}O O_< @K<_.
~O O_< ==i<_. O~~}O qKq_Q OKiOKK<_.
sHOz K ''JO J< Ja=#" W`x ~O. J\ Ja=#O =#< ~Q^k
24
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
~^ =z_`<~. PH~^ H~#\H, Wk JOîx kOk.
F =s! =H=^ =~ `=# Kz <# _@^. Hx, D
JOH~ `= Q~ =z#_ =Ò Q[Q[=}K<#. ''nx LùH
H~}"q? Jx ije 'J*#" Jx =^#O aOk. nx#O_ ~ P^,
=<=^, qH~ r=# <~.
'JOH~= J< H~`_ '= J< =#K<_. D r= J*#
=$Q== JO^ zHO@<~. W`_, ZO^H, < __. ##
|OkOKu<_. H}O Ou, =`, ^}=# e K<_. WO`\
`= Z^~Q LO_Q [#" fHH `<#. WH Q= =@
K^=#k?
"^ J`" L# D JOH~x P~Oz U^k K", Q",
"Oz" J=h _ J` = J=`~ H^! JOH~= #=H=#O`HO,
P, `$+ LO\~. JO^K` <# JOH~=# u~i<#. ''<# ~=_<
H^. <H HiH =. < KOk#Ô@ ZH_ Un^ . <# nxH KOk#"_#H#
J< xO KHO@<#. ''< =# Z@ iOKO_QH Jx <#.
Hx UO O? J*#O LO_ LO_@K`< H < Ug èH L#k.
'^= J< HH~}O 'JOH~= J< KO J@ W@ K~ K<_.
J`_ W\" JQ J<H OK``H"# ^=# Ô_Q "Hx î<_. D
[Q` J`x '"_= L#k. J D 'JOH~= H x" #= ZH_?
JO`H~}" H^! ZC_` JO`H~}= Jq` KOK" ^~#` _#^,
^}= x^ LO\O^, JC_ ^x JOH~= =z u+"Ok. ~
P^# "O@@Hx OKiOK, D JOH~=# P~Oz ~*^ U=x
## g~ P*OKO_^~QH! ^xH |^, D JOH~=# [~Oz"Q
L"< LO> < L^tOz ## H$`~} KO_. =# ~H#
'="= J< =OK g L^ L+H ~ }
=OK` Hiy"< H~HO@<#.

12. =# z`=
~ H~= kOK@O k@ J~# D '=# QiOz K`#. q#O_.
Wk J<H H=H^` xO_ Ju tk" =iOk. Jx "O^ ^+^~O^=`
_H# q+ #= =H~H ~ Q fOk. ^ K =~= #, `~=#
F "~Q H~}O G 25
HiOK=#C_ "~~Ok. nx HêH <=e OK `kH#Q Ju

KOKO. Ò_! g~ gkH# KK~ H^! Jk U h H~#\H g^
J@W@ u~QK P_` LO@Ok H^! J\Q D =# _ x~~HOQ,
x~}OQ, x+[#H~OQ Jx" 'J@ W@ u~QÒk. x^
LHqOz#C_ _ nx"QO PQ@O ^. h, O^k U"< L#^? ^.
F\O_Q Jk U=Ò xO_@O^. ZC_< U^< aOz< JO`\ `
`$_^. `# OH ~O~# `lOK HH J<H~ n#Ò, "Ò
O^Òk. ^~ = zH# ^xH '`$ J#=@ ZH_k? [_ h~
O> xO_^\H KO_.
D =# QOOz Kî# HuQ JqOÒQ ZH_ #O_ ZH_H
~Q fOk. |"`! ''O*_= (J=== aQf XH
"k)K J=== Jn#=Q@K XH_ XHK@ _ L<_#HO_.... J`_
XH H H K` H^H aHK K LO>, ZH_ #O_ XH T~H
J`xx u<x '' =O@ gO> J`x =#Hu Z LO@Ok? D
=# < J H#|_Òk. _Qe zH# ZO_\= nxK <# K
^~O f|_#. Jk ## ZH_ <O^ U"?
D =# 'z`=$` J< _QO_ L<~. ~`=, ~=OK#,
^~= "^#q WO^ ^KQ OKi<~.
=`! #uH kO|_# U`=# U`= `_ HOkH H uC`<
LO@Ok KK~? "= _ Q"OK`, H=H^=` _H# "~"
=_ H= =#K u|_K<O. D =## @Hx xq^=
JO>, .... nxH XH ~" ^! `==O\ *# ''=# J#|_ XH<H
== ^ . ^xH J` " ^ Jx KC ` LO\~. J*#_ H^ x `=#
pH\ Z^~Q L#@ TOKHx ^_#@ ''^ Jx K|_`# =#
= Ok.
D z`= H^y*` ## XH ZO_Q_ ~H= He "Ok. Wk
JyHO> "_. HO_HO> Hi#O. nxx "= J [~OKQ=O\~?
==HO ~Q``, `=< O^K, #~H^ ~z Uq\ =~ =~

XH ^~=# =#O u~HOQ P~Oz#C_ =# =<z`= =i<~.
u HeyO_ =O z`= =##= K == =#
26
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
KOK D z`= H Q=#O x~kOK@"\ KO_? XH O=# L`K``
|OkOK=K<". =^[=<< #O K=K<". = ~`x _
HeOK=K<" . Jy<< H O K=K<" . D z`= # x~kOK@O =Ò JO`è H #
q+O H^. Wk Jq"H=# P~Oz LO_@K, Jx LÔ^ UH"#
'P` nxH U=Ò HxOK@O^. Uq `H<, ZO` kO|_<, ZC_
^ ==< O^Òk. = =` ==# iOz" ^Y=#
HQK @ |g}` KÒk. J<H q+ JO`x PHx HeOKHx
JO^ [_Ò =Oz x^~Òk. ZO`< x^~=^. =~~H=Q
P`*#= H~ U=Ò Ò K^. WC_ <# Uq K <
J~=Q@^.
D =# JO`\ H H~}O. Wk H} H H}~. q[$Oa H _
q[$Oa~. HO_ J_= ~QK#@, ~ Y ^M D =# #O_
|^~ K<~. PK~ ZO` kOz< Wk `# *_=# `lOK@^.
~_Q Hi_ =~H x `= K ki#@ Wk ## kiOk.
D '=# J< "kH L`="# B+Ô q"H" H^! J\ B+Ô` Wk H} Y^
Y qH~ _ H}~. `==O\ =` z`=# [~OK@K ~=
[~Oz"~. J\ D =## #tOK x~OKH<#. WH <H ~*^`
<=#k KO_?

13. P `$+
Z \ # O_ ` e ^ Hx, D $^ O ''P J< J* < O^ H ~ O
"Oz#k. H=, H^, k Q_Q| P pH\ Q H@Hx H~O
K<~. <# U"< ^}# P~OKx J#HO@ LO_Q<, WO`
ZH_#O_ `$+ (Desire) =z_Òk. ZH WO\ "tOz #`# =G=#
HiH _K#@, Wk = L`= `=#, `=~## _KOk. WH
"= q"H= O^k Z#\H? P` ^~#O K^\H? = zHx PHtOK
@Q "= PH ^~# H ^H zH<O. J<H `$+K
^Q =QK# "= J=$Ò #OK =Ò ^ f~Ò^? T~@ HQÒ^?
J#=#".
F "~Q H~}O G 27
|~^x `_x ~H~} e"#@, = JO`H~}=x Hk\

^^H}=# `$+=z e"O> "= x" K<O. K
LO_Q< Jk =z = H H"Ok. H# LO__ Q_"~= J=K<=.
==Q JuO`z`_#"_ _, `$+K` H=~@|_K<_. ZH_<
^# , H#H, <s[#=# KK , D `$+ ZH_#O_ @\ ez#@ =z_ Òk.
P K` xO_# =# ''<# P~OK "~ < J#~? H^?
P =* O "" xH ^H=, =^H~ = ? Jx _ ijeOK@^ .
n#OQ "ix, gix `K ^~= H~ JiOk. ''`# `z#k ^=?
J^=? Jx_ sHOKHO_ P`~_Òk. Hx, UO O? =Ke#
H=`~` = Ug O^H =K#k. ^#` = `_H\ Q|_#@
Jk ==# kh uCÒk. `, q` H`^ J< =# = qi
==_Òk. JO`~O Y xOz# "xx _ HaO*,
J_q KOk. L# H q"Hx T~yOk. x *_h `z_Òk.
P? x~ _Q P Q = O`_ O K=x r=Oîx '`$+ J< `\` 'O~=
J< O=# H\ ~<_. JK`#} H@H= k#@ "= PK
kO|_K<O.
J "~=O [= ~= ~"
`$}H~u `$+H x"+} #~`=" II (XVII-50)
"~=` =#"# n~_<, =A_<, #~`=_< `$+K` H}O
[~O|_K<_.

F =! qq`! =e#~H U=Ò P#O^H~O HH~< `# #$Ò

=#H~#@, D 'P J<k O^ `$ JO@ Un H~<, D O~~}O
`# K OK#O =Ò =#HÒk. O~=x ^+=x\ Wk
Ju`K"#k. Wk L#O`=~ = "i`"# @ `=.
D HO r=# ^Y=O` #tOKO> XH> LO L#k. Jk
''q+zO`# H=@". PH ~O`~" q+zO`# J~=#k. H#H
P# `l r=_ X_ Ki#>. J! P, , ~Q^ D =_ ZO`\
QOc~~+_<< `= " Ja=YO KHO@<~ H^! D `$+ JO` hKOQ,
~OQ ^<# Hu"@Qx, =*^ ÒQx JyÒQx kO*^<
< JaO. ZO^HO\~? Wk $Ô< LO_ r=} Ôz"Ok H^! WH
28
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
ÒKH=\xH J=H"H_k KO_? ^x "QO ZO`\ Ô>, ... Pk"^
Qx, s~tkÒQx ^x |`x qOKH `<~. K ZHO
`` _#@, Jk Z^~Q HxOz#Ô` '`#^ Jx J#HO@Ok. =$^
=Ou~e= ZO` ~"#k _.
J~<~, HO^~ == ^xx ''q"H= J< Hu` #iH "<~.
Jq^~H"# H=H~ #O_ @_ ~=Oux O^QQK<~. D
OK=O` ZO^ J~` xa_H$`" =iO^, J\ P# <# q*#
q"H^K [~Oz " x~OKH<#. D ^#, [#, =*^ P#
JkH" K~ H^! JO^K` Wq < JH~^. ~ "OK #t =# L`=
zH` Oz#> H^!

14. ^=
D ^= L#k KK~? Wk ~H=O^`#, `_# Q`#,
<_`#, ==`^`# xO_ L#k. XH Q HH~_ ` ~K# qz`" #
== XCK#k. H}OQ~"# D ^= r=# J<H qH~=` _#"
^Y= H~H U~_K<~. r=_ g\x ZO^xqÒ Q<_? P#OÔ
O^\xH H^! J\ P#OÔ O~ =^x ^\"#C_ aOk.
Hh UO O? D r=_ ^^ WOk=K "yO|_ K<_. ''<#
XH<HC_ D Ô QOK#. =~H == `lOK=K<# J##\
q[`# (H Z~H#) =OQ =~z =~= # ^$=` O~= Hey LO@<_.
J<H L^ O^ "t Oz Z\H C _ ''D s~" <# Jx =#K, P Lk H
x=$^# `# PkOKHO@<_.
D s~= ""xH [_" J~=O__, 'P` g=# LO_@K`
'K`#== =~#= Hey LO\Ok. J~` nxH ''@H, Ja=$k, i}==,
H=, q<#= J< qH~ ZC_ LO_< L<~ H^! J<H ~Q=,
`= J#H}O nxx "k L<~. J<H ^ qH~=, =^=
P"" # D s~= HeyO_@ YH~= x Z=~O\~ K O_? J~#\H
D r=_, ''Wk < ~^ LO>< QO@Ok. J> LO_QH! Wk `y`, WOH"<

Pk =#H ~Q` "k s~H ~Q`
F "~Q H~}O G 29
L#^? ZO`\ x! ZO`\ q`! nx` < U~_K# =`, `, ~, ~,

^~, `, q`k O|O^= ZO`\ "#q! W=h `= H^
W@=O\ ~= Q J<H J` Ja ~O~ Hey LO@<_.
=s! Wk HOK=#H O`+#k. HOK=#H ^dOk. OKO
WO`\ Q}#"#k WOH=< L#^? WO^ "tOz# r=_ D ^= H
"= ` J"= `= Q OKH 'WOk q+ = J< `$}=# <=~"
k"~`= Q_K<_. JO`Hx, '~= ~~= JO@ Un O^H
L<_. Wk J`xH Q$==< J<H ^~= H~HK O KK#k. ''XH<\H
nx tk`= Jx"~= J< q+O JOîH èO^. "" K@ #O_ J~=
`KHx XHK@ XH =~H=O J=~|_# "" ^~= J=iH= D
s~= < H#|_K#k.
^ =$H= @~ : KOH, * =O\ J<H ^~=` _Hx,
=$H=` `y# D s~=#O^, |^~ @~Q D r= ZH_#O_
=z HO` qqOz, =~ Z@H |_K<~. D s~= Hey#
Hk\<, ''Wk < s~O. nx ~ Wk. D" < ~. g~ < . Wk <
Q$O. Wq < L# ~u+ J# ~=Q J<H O|O^=# H#
KHx J#q<_. W\ `K s~= Ok#\ W`_ ''Wk <k, Wk <k H^
JO@ g=O ZO^ K<_ < J~=Q@^. W\ D < H `k`~
s~= XH_H = ZO^? =~H_H ^+" O^? D < ^ = ^Y=O^,
î^=O^ ~QH! ^, Y=O^, =$^=O^ è_ QH! nx`
<Hq O|OÔ? Wk 'P~O J< #kH [O =O\k. [# =$`= nx
D=e P=e X_.

qA# ^ ''<#~! D 's~= J<k 'O~= J< =^=#

^@@ ` =O\k. `y#O` *Q~ nxx i # [#=#H qxyOKO_
Jx [#Oîh Ki< ~. q#"~ qO@<~. q#x"~ D =@# J=#
K<~. HO^~ `y#O` *Q` =Oz q*#=# Ok P=e X_ K~K<~.
WH =iHO^~, =^< =xy`<~. s~ `^`= Ok#"~ ''<k<#
J# ~=Q J<H = #QK<~. eÒ? JO`x ^Y=, "^#.
~H =O=K xiOK|_, XH<H ==Q< ^~# q# D s~=
'<k J< Ja=#O J ZO^ HQÒk KO_?
30
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
^Q$O : '^= J< Q$ OQ}=Q = H\O 'WOk=
J< = H\ "|_~. 'P J<k D Q$= H Q_i W. 'z`=
J#"_ WH_ ~O *= JO` QK =_. qKiOz K, ~" # == O@
WO^ Un ^. JO^K` WÔ` ^YH~"Hx, "=Y"#^n WO^ <
HxOK@^. D s~Q$O '<~ "HeQ, '<H Q_Q, '"<=H O=Q
Hey#k. HO < D s~Q$O H =`" JOÔQ
HxOk.
J~< ZO` ~[=O> UO O? Z\ O^~ ^=O> U=#k? JuHk
HO Wk HxK H|oOK|_Òk H^! D ^+~Q= `~j} =Ò
=^K<? ^.
# ~H =O=` xO_O_, @ 'K~= J< #O` |_, D
^= XH O`== KeOKK#k. '=# J< Ò nx LO_ nxH xH_
O_ KOk.
#tOK@ ^~=Q Q W\ ~+ s~=O^ [# H#|_
~=`"q\ < J~=Q@^. nxH U"< `~`= *#O L#Ô\~? Ys^#
=O@H` dOK<, H î^^K kO K< HH=OQ =e`#O
OÔ_ LO_^H^! ''WkQ, WH_ "= YOQ L<= Jx J#HO@
LO_Q< HO Jx\h H}O =i "Ok.
HOt? HO K ~*#? HO H#? Hg ` ?
k<Hu~= H ~O qH$Où ! (XVIII-37)
D s~=, ^#=, ~[=, =<~^=, "\H O|OkOz# K+

g@x\=# [#"=#k KO_? Hk ~A H= Jx\h Òz
"Òk H^!

ZO`HO JÒ` =Q r=xK Oz +OK|_# D s~= XH<H

~A '=~}= J< `# W+Y_ Z^\H ~Q<, P r=_x Jq ~HOQ
`lOz (=~} Yx`) Z@H zÒk. "#, ~` " =#, THe`
=#=#, =He` ==# ''Wq "=O, Ò Jx #qO_ =~
Z=~< LO\~? D s~O q+O _ YzÒQ JO`.
=`! XH<H e U ~u" XH 'zxy __, ^xOx _ #O^
zHO> Z\ JQK@ _Ò^ = D J= _ J\Q L<~. =O=,
F "~Q H~}O G 31
#~=, qH` xiOK|_# D 's~= J< Q\ zH# = =O\

J*# JQK@ U=x K=O\~? = Oz# ''D s~" <# J< D
*_O `Qk Z\?
D s~ =$H= H P H= 'z`= J< Hu QO` "Ok. D
=$H= # z~HOQ PK#, ^M ~Q= `< ~. '`$+ J< HO_z=
K@ K@Hx "_Òk. nx Hx , @ Q_ H@Hx x= < ~.
J" D H, `, #=, U_, }, , WOk, | ~
~~ QO^ "^#q. H=# @~ (r=) =#= Q JHK
WO^ qqOK\xH =<~. Wk 'JOH~= J< Q@ '"# (tendencies)
J< "` P" OK#=Q Hey L#k.

H# : D 's~Q$O JOH~ Q$_ '`$+ J< W` H~O
K ~A Q_ K<_. WOk =# "HO@O> H=O` Z@Ò^
P`xH è@ ^. WH, ~H=O qHK xiOK|_# D s~O '=e`#=
J< k=# Z^~K#@ Ô\~? 'z`= J< $`_ O, Wk
_O_ K<_. D ^Q$O ''J|^= J*#= J< ~Q ~O_
x"` O L<~. ZH_ #O_ '^Y= J< _ ZQu ~k< _.
'Y= J< =~H _ P^=~z x^~`<_. '^~ J< e~# ~" #
Z`Q ^ WHe D Q$O J@ W@ OKiOk. D WO\
''OzH q+= J< J<H O_ P = Hh, D = Hh L<~. P
O_ ''J*#O J< LCh~ ` =iOHg ^.
WOê *<Ok, H~Ok, |k J\ LCh\` xO_ L<~. "^
OQ Qe "t Oz D |O K # @, OK} D ^ =O` OKi< ~.
H}O ^YO. H}O P#OÔ. D Ô < J<H ~Q`` _H#^ Ju
KOKOQ HxOk. P #O_ HO^ "_ h\@= H}OQ~"# D Ô
U H}O ## g_##^ è^ H^! JO^K`, Wk ## g_H=O^, << nxx
x^xQ u~iOz"<#.
=<H~ Qx HHx i
O~x< , HOz`+ #~O q^ II (XVII-47)
=`! D O~ =^=# KK~! H=O ^#O H~ =`" xH=K
J<H s~ WO^ H@`<~. J@ H@ "\ Hx H>#
32
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
Kz ''g~ #~ Jx JO@<O. < s~O _, XH<H H>. D H#|_ [Q^$=
O^ ''Wq `= Jx z~HOQ qO Hey L#"ix K < *e"Ok.
'J*#= J< H `y L#` QO` "K# J\"iH kH~=Q QH!
J! XH H ''q+= J< |~^h\ =_Q J<H s~ o=@O
D [# K< L<~. Hx g~ `= s~"q\, (nx ~ ==q\)
QOKH `<~. QeH ~HH `<~. =#H ~}O
_ HO` QiOK=K<". Hx, D s~h ZH_#O_ =<~? ZH_H
`<~? J<H ^~=` _# nxx Z=~ ZO^ xq<~?
U^ 'J*`H = J~OHx^ Jx " P=Oz L#^x < JxOk.
Jk = ''=<==#=, = "^# ~=Q Oux
K ==# PH@HO\Ok. = =## iOz =~ =~ =$`=YO
" ^~ KÒk.
F ^"! qq`! Z=~` `=H Ju H;|k`, ''D [_=Q ^=
<# H^, < D ^=`Qx, D ^=# <`Qx O|O^" ^ Jx
QOz PÒ^ qOu O^`~, "~ =#A L`=. P qÔQ
JuHk=Ok =`" J#=~HOQ Q<~. "i rq`= ^#=. WH
qQ` [# J=Q#h J<H =`, qH=` xO_ LO@<~. "~O`
J^Qu J=`<~x < JxOk.
g! D s~=< Qu ^QHx# 'JOH~= J< KO K` "=
=~ =~ "yOK|_`<O.

L#^k? `"k?
#HOz^ ^$-#Ò `# ``<
zÒ ^Q s~} [#` q` II (XVIII-57)
D ^$ OKO ''Wk `= Jx =#O J#HQeQk ZH_<, U^<
L#^? D H#|_ "`= ^$=#O^ JO`~`" XH<H === L# D <
s~O _ J`" J~=#k H^! J^=, ^Q =# D s~^K
"= ZO^K` "yO|_K<O? ZO` P~O! "= J~OQ LO_ D
s~O ''Wk = H^. Wk W> LO_=K#k Jx qO Hey LO_"iH
Z=~ =Ò U KQ~?
F "~Q H~}O G 33
JO^K` =s! | ^+=K k=e# ^x= =i# D s~=#

<# `$}OQ#, W\H #tOz#^x =# K Y=# O^K<#.

15. ~O
r=_ D Ô "tOz J#==# O^K# =#"~H ^
"^\ ^# ^ YH~"#^x HO^~ [# J#HO@ LO\~. ''z#`#O
"= P#OÔQ LO_"O Jx KCHO@ LO\~. J~` "~O` =~=#
Pk"^ ^$ J JO@<~Hx, Jk "=O H^x < JxOk.
KOK=, O= J~#\ D O~ =Ô [xOz#\ #O_ Jh
H. O H LO_^. J<H "^, s~H ^~ k LO\~.
''Wk =Oz Wk K_ J< qKH} LO_^.
-Wk H"e Jk H"e Jx ZC_ HOHOK =O.
-`#k H< ''<H LO_e J< Ò.
-J#H}O =i` LO_ W~+= KÒ.
-n#Ò, =_Ò, èq`=`#O.
-He` P@ g^ ^.
-|k xH_ H=@O.
-~+O, ~^#O, K`HH=@O.
Wq O KC H^Q q. U"" u<x, `Qx, O^x H~HO\_.
Hx, L# "q\ KCH_.
D '=# J<k =Q< ~= K"#k. = WH nx K`xH
JO` O` LO_^. O LO_ J<H J=~` H~}OQ U"" =# zO`
k LO\~. K #h Ju =_OQ, JqK~}~HOQ LO\~.
Jy*, =^ J, ", <`= W=h '= J#^x
#O_ KÒ <~#@ < HxOk.
D _ H= Ju =#H O`+Oz n#_`_. J` q+xH
@~#O`HO O^`_. ''D ^~= i^=? H^? =^H~=? H^?
Jx ~~ qKiOKO_< H Q#O` =ÒK` ''Jk < WOKO_
Jx QK_. Q}^+= qKiOK |k H=@K P ^~= P`xH
J<H ^ `z_`<~. h, ^ W=#<~, U_ P_. XH\ O^Q<,
34
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
|k qHO K` =~H\ H"#HO\_ Hx, Uk Ok#\H U=Ò `$
O^_. WO`< U_. WO`< #=. J`x "He Ji =~# Kz u"
kiOK"~. ^ qkOK tH# xOQ, =#OQ J#qOK =#^ H^!
^, èÔ_, Q~= `~Qu ~ D qÔQ J`_ _xk
Z=iH? Z=~ K# H^ =iO|_# `x Z^~Q TOKHx _`_.
x^ U"" TOKHx H=i LO\_. W+" # "~ ^~OQ LO> OQ_ ` _.
KK~ g! D qÔQ O J<H =`, `C_ #`, =<"^`
L^Q=` xO_ LO\Ok. W@ J*# q[$O} P"" LO_Q, [# U
L`=#OÔ D O K_QQK<~? K=`~" H^! ^+ ^=#
J*#= q[$OaOK@O P#O^H~"q\?
D _ xH~x## _ = ÒQ ~Oa_. ^+
""O, ^~k Hey LO\_. x< O. h~< O. JOîK` p"@.
=#Ou LO_^. Qu z# QaO Q J<H J=OQ"# `,
=<"^, O^, K_ H_ Hey LO\_. WH ` ZH_k? ZH_
=<KOKO, J*#O He LO\, U K@ ^, "^, P^, z`qH~,
Jn#` ="=` JH_ Ou, P#OÔ LO\? <=.
x =# U^ J~OHx #`#Ò " J] K LO@Ok. ^
''OH" u|O^H= J< q+O x~OK\xH ''^ JO@ D
=< ^$OÒQ fHO\~. XH =$H= H J#=O Q W`~ (=^
=O\) =~ H, =OK< XH _x kOz#@ =i WOH=ih
kOK""! J<H =<~^`, W`~ qkOK H=tH}k J<H x==`,
Hx qOy"< =_Ò _ O^ YO`=<~ KO_?
=$HO `# _K# ^ H Z=iH KCH^ KK~! J^qÔQ J`_ `#
JO`~OQ=x ^ H KCH_.
` PHe" Z>< "o P~O `KHO\~. D _, <f<~
^H=@"Qx Kk Uq LO_^. W`~ Z=~< HxHi< Qu.
W\ = U^ Y=Qx, q+=Qx L#^#Hx, D r=_ =~
=~ [# O^#HO>, D q+O < *e< HeyOk. J<H ~Q, qH`,
q"HqK~= J=H"H, Oux U=Ò kOKx =# <#
`K"#kQ#, J~="#^xQ# QOKK<#.

F "~Q H~}O G 35
16. =# ^
D =#A_ z=iH Z\ #~= #O_ Q>H J<H Q "OK`
_H#"_, =# OQ}O "t<_.
W\H J`x =# J<H ^, O~ Q_H@Hx LO\~.
WC_H JOH~ H==< K <=kQ H# `~z E qC`<~.
U"" QiO, Y= O^x O HO@ LO\_ $^ O< L^q Oz#
JOH~ H== WH '^ -O J#@O ~OaOKK<_. Ju KOK"#
=#tO` x\H K =KOk. |k J<H qH~=K PHqOK|_ H+Ò
J=Òk. D =#, =#=x ZO_===O\ iK#, q#,
`~# Kz, ''P! W=h ZO` =^~"#q! ZO`Q "="#q! Jx J#Hx,
~ Q u z=~ 'q+ = J< =iH QO@ H*i _ Òk. JO^H ''=#=
J<H =#~H= c[= =O\k Jx ^ JO@ LO\~. WO^ ` H=
H=[~^h r=x q<#= H~H =i < ~. z` qz`=# =$Ò`=,
q=`^ P""# D =#= =# (q"HO q+") #+ "~
Z=. H=zH =O HO_, ^~=# PKiOKO_ D =<=#
Z=~< ^\"Qey` J\"~ < ^$+ =O^h. "~ =h.
D =#O Q =O =^~OQ L#> H#|_Òk. Hx, H H
q== Wk Jx ^+= t~=} =O\k. nxx H^#=O` J|^"
J~#\H, J\H =Ò x["#x Jx H}O r=} "yOz "Ok.
OQ` O Q, T O^ QOK|_ ~`< "_ Q H} H J` ~=Ò
îOk. " OQÒ Q D =#O "@"^@ "`"`Q r=xO^
"tOz, H=OQ ^~", ~Q, ^M, Ji <Ok Òk.
$^=x *#=# =#O H"O> t=H=O`\ "~ _`~.
ZO^HO\~? WO^ [xOK "O =Oz## =~OKOk. q"H=#
~=@O, HO` qQk H}H} =O_ L+` $+O K_O , =Oz J"@#
q~qOK _O, Ou *#O kOK@O D =#=# L#O` H =i^xH
^.

J! ZO`\ x~"# =# J~#\H, D ^ H+Ò J=Ò^?

=s! `# =O PHx KOaOK H~\ L#\ #k<< ^@=K. D
=#Ox `$ `~OQ ^@@O ZO`=Ok `~O? P! r=_ D ^ ''P ,
36
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
P <, P =YO, P q, P =" Jx =##O KHO@, WO`<
=e"_ J~`<_. KOK"# PK kOK|_ =_ ^= ^$+
`$}_ =`".
H=H^k J<H ^+=` _# QO@ ~x îOz# 'Ja=#= J<
=^>#Q D =<~}O OKiOk. Wk r= ZO` _=# q+O
HÔ\~ g? '^Y= J< H @ q+~ 'q+"# J< Qe
r=_x H@"\xH J@ W@ OKi<~. Wk Q=xOKx P =_
=Ò ''P! D < s~Q ZO`Q "~<~! D < ##Q g
K<~? Jx KCHO@ q<_. u` =<qH~#, ~Q^#,
^tO`#, P~OK =# =# x["# YO` ZH_ a~?
=#~K ^@OQ H|_# H# `## Ju"QOQ g# Pk"^,
OHqH= H i}=, =~K~ ^+e` U=Ò HxOK@O
^.
JO` Q< LOk Hx, D =#^~O Z< LO@OÔ\~? J!
ZO` ` OkOKH# J<H ^} D uQ} ~=# =# "
gzHK HeOz" |_K<! JOH~O, "O =~`x Òz " < ~.
q"H= =~Q# _ Òk. H=O^H ~=K Q_k J~# =# `# i OKK#
< Z\" U =Ò sHOKH=@O ^.

=s ! D =#O s~=# "<= HxOz#\H, z`=# =Ò

J^Qu K hK`=#, =~`=# `z_Òk. Ju `~ #tOK
D =#O K# "~Q Kz "=\xH <# ÔQ #.
XH<H_ ZO` qOz, J<H F~Hx z=iH XH 'zO`=}x
OkOK_. ''P! KK~! <# ZO`\ Q"_<! WC_ zO`=} <^H^!
Jx `KK =# =^ Q~ Ok#"_ WH WO\H |^~_. Hx O,
#kx ^>Ò =^ =}x K~ *~H<_. K LO_Q< P =} H
h\ L~=_H H@Òk. JC_ P`x =#H u Z\ LO@Ok? D =#O
q+O _ JO`. P_#< @^. ZC_ "tOk. H== "^#
qH~h ```~. ~Q= "^# J<H ^ q"H=# H"~. D H^
W\ #_ LO_Q, WO` ZH_#OK =e`#O =z_Òk. KK~ =s!
=i D q+h D O< ZO^ KHQ [# qKiOK~^? =#O
F "~Q H~}O G 37
Kz =i=@O K= ÔQ L# } =^@H=@O =O\^#x <#

J#HO@<#. Z=_`, Jq"HOK H}OQ~"# =#=# Kz "`_
''q+#O^" rq` H = J< =# Hey LO\_ "_ '#~= Jx
K |_K<_.P`_ Ju`~ H=K` "yOK|_#"_, ` _ `<_.
g! =~ =~ KCK<#. D '=#= J< OH@= #O_ H=OQ
@
_# "~ "KH`y#"~. ^ uqOQ L# #k<< ^@=K. ~Q^ ^`
xO_# D =#O ^@@O JO` èH# q+O H^. Jk =A
=`" Ô. Ou, ^, ^H}=, q#= "^# L`= Q}= Q
=#=` HtOK"~ =# K J~^Q =`" Hx~. JÒ`
=^~=, O^~ +=` _# ^HfQ ZH_Qx `~_= H^!
JO^K` <# D =#= H \\=# `HHiOz =#O =OKx
x~~OKH<#.

17. ==~O
D HO 'H== J##k K Q q+OQ `KK, D [# ZO^H
""O KO^K<~. #~=, Z=H, ~H=, =O= W\ "\` _#
D ~+ ^=O^ # K~k Uk L#k? [# ZO^ "O
KO^K<~?
D s~=# ~+ (J\Q ~+ s~=# ) =##O K O,
W\H Zx [# |_^ KH<~ H^! F~! =#=_! D '=x` J#
== H H, K`, K~=, =O=, Hh~ "^#q q_q_Q ZC_<
ijeOK"? WO^ =`~"# q+"=#k? =i h= =$^Q ZO^
=Q_= JQK<=?
F , ~+~! XHK@ H=, XHK@ K~=, XHK@ qH, D
s~=h WO`H^! =i g~O` WO`Q s~H~}K ZO^ |^
J=`<~ KO_? `^~ g ''q"H= =~Q# _@^? D ~A D ^h
qq^ =G=`#, #=`# ``H_ == JQOK=K. "i "_
~OQ ~OQ =` ~=K *"~`, JÒ` O^~OQ HxOK=K.
Hx, XH q+ O Qi < ~? D =~= # H} O ZO` PH~ }` HxOK J="h
38
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
~ = #O XH = Ki HK, #HK lO|_=K<~. ^
Hx ZO_ H>`@Q |_^ H=K<~.
J~< =hO^! OK` xi`"# D ~+ JOQ=, J_q
OKiOK HOK~Q_^ JOQ= ^"=#k KO_? =i D =#A_
s~= K_Q< qH~= ZO^ O^K<_? D [# p~K, H=
=O\ "~Q PHi` J<H qH~= O^K<~! H H==#
^"g HxOK@^. D ~O_ _ =`, LO, z`qH~O HeyOz r=}
q=} K<~.
D r=_ ''^= J< H@H ''=^= J< `_K |OkO|_ XH
== J<H ^Y~O~ J#q<_. Zx [# Q_z`<, P`x O^
q"H= =Ò L^~OK@^. ''P H@H H#, *"~ ~, Z`# #=,
<EH# = .... Jx Jy * Q_~H= Pu JQK<_. P ~=,
P ^~O #O_ H#|_ O^~ J=h [iK# '#~H= J< JyH
H>=O\" H^! WH $OQ~ H= ''H~pH\ =O\ H#=, #H`~=O\
qq " H, KOâO|= =O\ "=, qi# ==O\ z~#=
"^# JÒ` =^~ H=# L=<h yOz =# WOuO`
JkHO K<~. WOH=#k? D [# H}O q=H H =~
kQK<~. H}O ^~ "~Qk H~H== #O_ "#H =~K<~. eÒ?
q"# =#=[# =$^ JQ@H^! Hq` q+fQ=, `=# gOK
~+# `= H"<Ô K` q=# K<~. ZQ|O\ @x =#
`# LK-x=K PHiOz, @ =z# P =# HOk KK~? J^
qÔQ, Hqx , ''h" < k =O\ J"="# " =@K`, =K`,
H$u= =~^K` ` K` q@# PHiOKK<~. "i =# =~^#,
H # iOz"<~. ~= aHix K<~. H~`x =
z# HQ D r= J\ PH~} zHx @_H qq_K<~.
'O~= J< h\QO@ Q 'z`= J< |~^ OKiOKK# D r=
'H== J< 'ZK PHiOK|_, J<H L^# |e KHO@<~. Q]=#
=`_, U#Q O=, = =O`= |O^= JQK#@, ... D
H=" r= ^ Qk|O_Q i}qOk. J<H H"=K ~zOK|_# D
OK=O` 'H== J< ^xK P~OK|_, `èÒQ Ò O^Ò^x
< JxOk.

F "~Q H~}O G 39
JO^K`, F =h~! OQ` " ~ ^+=, ~ |O^= =H~}O.

J^x = _O_ `Q *Q` =OKx x~~OK H<#. #=, H
"^#=h ~H=O== J~=O_Q, "\x Kz <<O^ q=} H"e?
XHC_ |^Q ~+xK Ju=Q, P=Q eOK|_# O^~
WC_ #O n~ x^`<~. "i =O YO_=# H, Q^
H<~. WC_ WH_ <# KK ~+ ^= Qu_ JO`H^! gi
H=, uH=, J Hk HxH H\ H <# JOHiOK`<~. WÔ`
D qÔQ qKiOz# `~"`, WH <# Oux O^\xH ÔQ #. |k#
=`" OK `= x"= Q D ~+ s~= @ P" i`" # J#~QO
Hey LO\~. J\ J#~QO OKH#O^ Q#, z=iH, D z`= n#`=<
O^Òk. H}H"=~#\ H==K ~=tOK =# L`= H = #O_
Ku <Ok, z=~ J<H ^Y"= eÒk.
g! =x` L#"xH H^ Q! =x` O> ''<k, < KO^=#k,
<`< LO_=Ok J##\ ^~*= @ ""O _ #y@ =x
< JxOk. <# ==~=< `lOz"#. [~=~}= @ < Q
cu- P`~=} " Ju KOK"# \ OQ` = @ JÒ` J~z< HQ* Ok.
JO^K` D =## J\ `K == " "tOKhO_, `=Q
~*#= H~H qxyOKx x~OKH<#.

18. =e`#O
H~ f~x =# =#O qOy"Ok H^! WH =#=^ Q~`
xO_# =#=# =e`#O ZH_ #O_ =z qOy "Ok. W\ K LO_Q<
+Q D J=== tk"`<~. OzOK ~# ^=_, =Oy#
#_=, =_`_ #^~, =}K# H, K` W=h , `k`~
JÒ` u~~ ^$+` K<~. =#O` ^#O` xO_ LO\Ok. H;|k,
O, Q_i =`K OOK|_ k=, U =H "o Ô\Ok. WO`HO
ZO` ` =iOz# `, ~, |O^=, `, = WC_
P`xx XH z"x= K<~. ''W^ =# =Oz =O J#Hx 'O =z
=## PHqOk. WH D r=_ |k#_, Q}#_, H#_ J#H}O
U"" =^` =Q` LO\_.
40
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
XH H s~O H=OQ tkO J=` LO@Ok. =~HH U^ J#qOK<
`#, ^=, H== =i` LO\~. U"" O`=, n#`= P
r=x K@ =y LO\~. ''g~O` < = uO@<~. Hx, ## HK@O
^. U"< ~zH~"# ^~= uO> QO@Ok. Hx, =O\H i_= H^!
=~}O Z= ^~O L#@ ^. ~HO U ^~}"# _ J#qOK=
=O^ U"? D qÔQ LO\~ J`x PK#. HiH HH. Hx yOK
H LO_^ . $^ O xOQ ^ OKHx` LO@Ok. s~O J<H Pk"^ K
_OK|_K LO_Q, H=OQ h L_y` LO\~.
W@ r=_ J<H "^# J#q LO\_. =$`= H ~"# "@#
`KHO@ O OQ ~A Q_` LO\_. `# =#=
=$^ ~KH# H=#, J=H=# <= " OQu O^~=#
J#zÒQ Q~ KHO@ WC_ =~=#O L# Hk\ J=H=# _
=~~KHO@ LO\_.

19. =$`=
D s~O D qÔQ J<H "^K, =e`#=K PHqOK|_, r=_
n<#O K LO\_. WO`, XH<H J#Hx H}O '=$`= J< Q_Q|
=z Z^~Q "Òk. O O^# K_Q< pH\ ZH_#O_ =z "^?
Q^ =O=# qOQ\xH QOK#@, D s~=# qOQ\xH '=e`#O
îOk. eH =# [_ JOHiOKHx, HO`\ H P = "_Q,
Òz ^~OQ qi"Ok. KK~? J^ qÔQ 'H= J< eH _ HO`
D s~=# HeyO_, P `~"` '=$`= J< pH\H `"Ok.
D r=_ , =#= L#C_ J\ P JHeH H~=O^
x=Q_ LO@<_. Q=O`x P~kOK@O, *#= H~H qK~} K@O
"^# ^K =zOK|_# L`= H~= @, ''WC_O Ò^~? = WOH
==#k. ^ J~# `~"` KKH=K Jx `z ZO` J`=,
J^ Hey LO@<_. =$`= Z^~Q xz LO_Q, WC_ P J## }oH
JO` U"#k? =OK Q iQ "_`# +OQ D s~O tk=`
LO>, =$`= J# ~Q s~ q<#O g LO> WH D r=_ Uq
KQQ`_?

F "~Q H~}O G 41
s~O r~O J~` LO@Ok. "`k~Q= [e LO\~.

|_^Q=_H = ` ``#O OìOKHO@ LO_Q, 'H_ J#"_
''P! D O_ H=# =z#@#^! WH HHO^=? Jx J#HO@ XH
~A =z H<H<_.
'=e`#O J< #H H T q<=~H D =#=_ `=O`. '[~ J<
Jy D s~ Q$=# `HQ< WH J`_ J<H s~H ^K OOK|_ ^
d`_ J=`<_. JOQ= e`<~. #_O =OyÒk. Pk"^
=O^ #_ LO_Q D`_ =$`= 'H|O J=`<_. ~` Q ^y<,
u"`x ~ ^#[#= =^ L#\H Z=_< =$`= #O_
ÒKHQ_? WOk aQf `LO> U HH èq`@ ZO^
xH=~?
'[~ =_=H` (KuH]`) r=_K` `@_Q "~ LO>, J<H
JO`$, ~Q JO^ Ò " LO\~. U H}O =$`= O*
qÒ^ Z=iH Òk KO_? JH, Pi, P^ s~O< u+ "Hx
LO@<~ H^! F =! K_O_. D =# H#|_ s~h =e`#O
|_, z=iH =$`=K H|oOK|_=#^ H^! D s~= H Lù
L`~`~Qu WÔ` ijeOKK# < nx U=`= qO HQ@O ^.
Ò_! =s! J <HH q+O KO_. =e`#O g^ _ `~"`
_, [# ~`Q$^ ~ ZO^ LO\Ok? D "=O`
He#"~=~? =e`<x [~z# "~O@ ZH_ LO_~ H^! =i D q+O
JOîH è^? =e`#O =z_ =xH J<H H~ Hey=# D r=_
P H~ f~H J~`x JkQqOKH`<_. =<< ''J
H~ O_ LO_^\? J< q+O qKiOz `y# H~ *#= JO K
LO_ LO> WC_ k=e# Qu >^? ^ H^ !
JO^K`, J\ =e`#O ## gOKH =O^ P` J<` qK~}K D
s~ ==# [~Oz "#. JO^Q#, < H h qxyOK
x~OKH<#.

42
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
20. H q=
F =`! ^`|^=Q "= ''Wq "= yOK=# ==, D D
L= J=OaOz g\x O^`= Jx KC O@ =_ " =i < =.
''g~ < "~. "~ ~~"~. Wq < W~+=. W`_ < `=. g\x
[~Oz OÒ KHO\# J# =## Hey=O@, P = ==
=# HQK# ~Q^+=K qÒ JQK<=. [##"iH W@=O\
q+ Jax"O LO@O^? ^. =\ ~ =O\"~O =`" JÔ
HxOK uaO| =#=# [#=#, =# PHOH<~. ''Wk
Ok# `~ "` "= ZO` Y=OÒ H`<O. Wk = Z\H `QÒ^?
D =*O Hey LO_@K "~O` YOQ L<~? Jq "iH ZO^ aOKe?
W@=O\ O~ O|O^" # " =`, `K ===` q"# H=O`
Q_"<O. g! Q_ ZHK H~H|_#@ H=K "= ZO`Q<
"yO|_K<O. ''P! <# ZO` q"# ^xx! Jx QiOK =Ô
|_y \ P =^ [< K#@ JO`~OQ=# \# ^+ OH=
D r=x n#xQ K"<~.
D $+ H=K qOQ|_xk U"< L#^? OH~ O~H~
~^~_Q H_ D H#|_ = ^$ ^~= J`=# U^ XH<\H
~==K<_. q`_Q P H^=_ ''W`_ Jk_. W`_ _
J< `_ K O_ ~ =# P~y `#K<_. J`x ~=, ... JQ=QK~O .
D H}=, xq+=, QO@, ~A, O=`~=, Q=, =#O`~=,
H= J`x H Lk Jx J#=K<"! J\ Lk` HOK= ~=
ÔKK, D K~K~ q=O` `# =O KHO@<_. D =~=# H}O
JÒ` ~O=#q, ~==#q, ^$_`~=#q _ HQuH Z~
H=#^H^! ~#"~, x~#"~, Hi##"~, ~+OQ =\_"~,
=Qi`, J<# x~@OHOQ ^+OK QeQ"~ g~, "~ J#@O ^xH?
JO^~ _ H}O HxK O K|_K<~.
P`xH qOQ@=O> = W+O. XHHi XHH ==#, XHi J<H
==# qOy"Q_. J#O` H=# qOy<~, J`x @ xO_^. D
O~ #$`=O` K#k 'H= Jx =|_K# J`_! WÔ` $+<_.

=# JO`~OQ=# _`# OH= ^+=K =#O JÒ O^`<=x =# D
"HO Q~KOk.
F "~Q H~}O G 43
Hey LO@<_. qOy"<_. J`xH J_O Z=~? zH ^x=H# ye

# L# yO[# qOQ#@, H_ _ `# O~ "~= ^~ J<H
[Q`x <<q^ }# =#OQ KiOz "<_. Ja=# =x`Q
D r"` ==O` 'XH =~}O Jx J#HO>, nxx Oz, +Oz,
ÔO K [=< H_.
'H= J< U#Q ' H~ J< ~O_ Ô`= L<~. "\K
r==O zQ~\= qz#O K|_K#k.
qiOz= |O_ |$^= ^="
|H##=y ~==$` u+u II (XXIII-14)
D '|O_= J#|_^xH == |^=_ (=+ r=_). ^=`

(H~Ok, *<Ok=) =Q Q |O_=$H= =Q '=
J~, |" LxH #OQ Hey#k. D Q_i H^=x q+O =~H
K=`~O K`# q#O_. W`_ H~~O H}H}O Q=QK#\H,
H~}~O =Ò Q_ HO_< LO@<_. XHK@ ÔK|_K#\H,
=~HK@, x_ ~OQ< LO@<_. XH qÔQ H#|_K =~H qÔQ
H#|_H L<_.

D =# XH xq+O J<H ==#, O@##, ~=# OHe,

`l LO@Ok H^! J^qÔQ H= _ J<H [Q`# XH" $+,
=~H" qOy"Ok. D [Q` PQ=# x+=}=# Q=xOK#\ D r=
''D s~" "=. Wk +Q LO> "= _ +Q LO\O. O> ^. D
s~O U~_ J#" , nx`@ # O|O^ "= = J# ~=Q
s~ `^` == O^K<~. J=" J~=# D ^=` SH==
O^K#O^ eÒQ H_ "ix x~O`~O ~#~HÔ^ uCK<_.

u s~= XH |O_ x~}= H O[. JO^Q OH ``= |^=_Q,
WOk= ^=`Q WOê r=_ (Absolute Experiencer) |=Q "^= =iOK|_Ok.

D =_ H} u r=xH =i~.
1. Jx\H r=xH ^ ` =H~}" U=Ò QO HH LO\Ok.
2. XH<H K@ ""xH J`_ x_ [#H~ x"_ P` ~=Q HeyO@<_.
3. J`x s~^# =#O K_Qey< J`x "= ` WOk^ H#OK#k H^. =#O
KK D s~^ Q= J~<, P s~= H~}=Q J`_ Q= HH LO@<_.
44
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
P! D H_ `$}=#, |_^#, HO_#, P#, =^=# _
H|o<_! W`x O^ H~=, =, ^~Q=, KOK= ^@OQ "Oz
L<~. _ |O`` P_HO\_ KK~? J`_ _ ~KO^`
P_HO@<_. =O r=Oîh <#O K" "i J # î < _.
W`x K~# J_yOKQeQ "~=~? XHC_ J`_ ~^_, =~HC_ J`xH
~" LO_^. XH =O XHK@ $+, =~HK@ O~O K LO\_.
'H= J< =$HO #O_ ''^=` J~ J< H = <~K<~.
'|O_= J< H J#O` OY H<~. P H " ^==O\
"~ D r=. ''z`H= H ` (U^ `` "` '` HeyO_ '`H#@
J# H= ~=Q Hey L#^. (That Absolute Self which is existence and Self
-consciousness) O`< H_ D 'r= J< ~= J=î J<H
H HeOKHx, q<k<_.
F =`! D H_ `k"^ x Jx~Kh === "K<_.
J`_ XHK@ H~# ==# (J*#=, <~=, x $, x+`=#)
=~H K @ HOu= = = # ( * # =, L` = P =, L` =,
HK`~=) WOHHK@ #= ==# (^ `=#) `#O^ `<
$+OKH#K<_. `#^# `H"# } D J#O` O~= H ~"#\
''H `K =i<_. "k =H= Z^~Q Q_z`< J`_
M^=Qx, "^=Qx O^@^. ^xh Kz P#OkOK_, ^xh PîOK_. Un
~OQ HeyO__.
D H= H uQ` PÔ` ZH_? W`_ J<OQ a#
''[Q` $+ J< H_O^ x~OH~_ `## `< eOKHO@<_. `# `<
~H~} ~_ xiOQ, D [QÒ` U= U=#^ ~^ K<_.
~aO| ~_ JqOÒQ ~~O|=# $+OKHO@ `<_.
F =s! '[Q` == J< n~H^ J`_ H< HO> WH
"= ZO`\ "~= KO_? P H_ r=# '[Q` J< r~\~O J=i
WO`< Ò Q @K<_. JÒ` K_ HQ=#=# =O
* < _. XHC _ =#=# KO^x=O\"_ D s~=# JiOKK, WO`<
O~_ J" s~=# H~ H~ #qe"<_. 'HO`= J#|_ XH<H
O^~O }x\h OiOz ''J= == #O^ HtOKK<_. J\
J== uO^ "tOz#_ `# Jk#"# Ò^ (~|=

J=== D ^$= QiOz =#KO_#\ (r=xH) ` 'HO`=Q
~=xK WH_ QOK|_Òk.
F "~Q H~}O G 45
#O^) ~qOKK<_. XHC _ ~ OQ#, =~HC _ J ~OQ# Z" ,

Jx" =QOQ "K<_. P`xx `H Hey#"~=~? 'H=
HO> =`~"#k, |=`~"#k ZH_, Un ^"!
=s! qq`! D H= H qO, W`x b J`^Ò. J`x
~H=O JzO`"#k. ''~|= J< KH=iH, '= J< J`x @=+H
`x =O\ H~_ n#, "` J~# }# H_=ÒQ "\_
K<_. '= J##^ J`x L~O. P H ~[`x ~ 'KO_ J#|_
H~u ~` q<tx D [Q` OKiOk.
D q JO` P Hx Kux #`. = = ^=` W`xH
P~=QKO_Q, WH "# P+ Q = =#= =#=^ Q~ ZO`\ q
KO_? P Hx ^# #O_ x~O`~O ^YH~H=# O~^# =z_
K<~. Hx =~Q J<H=Ok [# =Ò JÔ` \ OKHO_,
''H"iHO> "= Jk"<? = Q^# =*O aO^? Jx iKK
HO@<~. J\ ^r==Q == J`_ ~^ K=`~OQ "\_K<_.

21. H ~O H$Ò` q=
'H= H Lk `" ''H. Hh $+OKk, OiOKk D
H`` ". nx< '^== Jx _ JO@<~. D H ~=< "Â
'H$Ò`_ J< O[K LO\~. H~H =# L`^#= K@" D
'H$Ò`_J#|_"xH L# UHH H~=O. ^@"# =OK ~H~}=K
H~QK#@ D H$Ò`x =#< } _K<~. #t<~. D H#|_
[Q#O_=O` J`x #$` H^!
D H$Ò`_ ''H e`= J< Oy=# KK HeH "+O îOz
#$Ò K<_. H J#~y= Hx J|^ J~OHx U^ xu (nxH
Wk [#= J# x== fate, destiny)x J#i r= Y ^M
H~ _ JQK<_. D xux J#iOK ~= ~ ` H=, = ,
Heq= HQK<~. HH "kH H~` _# D OK ~K# J`x^.
_ qQ q~=O O_ =\= K, #tOK#@, P H$Ò`_

H~+_Q ~^_, H~u ~xQ KO_ (J#Q $+ =) QiOz
x~} H~}O q~OQ KiOK|_#k.

=_ J# ~} <==K J+kHx XH_Q K|_K#k D H$Ò`_.
46
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
JOMH=Q r=#, "i"i H~ ==~=# ~z `<_. =~ P
H~ [#=# k $+ =# y<_.

22. ^= qO
xu H$Ò`_ H_ =H_ gi x"" D [QÒ`.
J\ q~ O~O U = +" "= JÒ` J*#=`_
_ L<=. s~^~" D ^$ OK=xH "tOz# "= '^==
J#|_ U=Ò QOHOQx XH<H HK "` J=`<O. J\ ^==
J#^xH iQ J=_~, `= P_OK"x Kux `==
JÒ`" =i<O. =#=$Q== =_" OKiOKK<O.
^+ Ki`_Q H_ ''OiOK@ (Z\HC_ ^xx ^x< iOK@) J<
H~=#O^ x=Q_ ==# x~O`~O J<H P^ K<_. WH "=
`~OQ "O@ H HO^ è_` H^KO_ H= H"OK, ^x
W+= ##iOz îOK|_K<O. ZO` PzOz< J~OH#\ '^== J#|_
q+O QiOz JÒ` _` |`K<O. "= HeOKH# = ^~
==# Jy*= ^ '^== J< ^xH ^-O K~<"#x
J#=#O.
= , =#, "~H ^h JqKH}~H"#, J~O~O x J<H
`=K Q_z`<~. U"" , P, L^Q, =_` ==#
J}z_`<~. z=~ [~u`" HxK qOQ|_K<=. D HxH
Lz`#z`= H_? ^}_ ^~}_ _ J`xH XH>.
= ^~QO Q=x<~ =hO^! ''ZO` YH~= Jx `z J<H
`=K QKH# Q= HO`HxH = e@ ^Y `=
J=`<~. '^== H q"q\ "= U=Ò QOKH`<O.
XHi D Hh ijeOz Kz#C_ W=h ^YH~=#x <
Jx<~. U"q Ok# `~"` D r=_ '<# d# Jx J#HO@<_
J=h aOz< J`_ U "="# Y=# O^H `<_. Uk Z@
[~Q=K#^, JÔ` ^== H Jn#= LO_Q r=_ ^xx QiOz
D JYO_ ~=}= r=_ Z@ JÒ` =# O^K<_, Hx Z@ ""xH
~` ^$ Ò`_ K@" H =Q Hey#k.
F "~Q H~}O G 47
OÒKQ_ KO_? J~#\H, J`x U^ O^< `# =Ò LO_<

LO\Ok. J\ JO`~`"# P~@=# U"" ^#, [#, ~, u+ =O\ "\H~H
K `= J< H#` Hk H \# \H J`xO^ JO`~` " #
P"^# ==@^ . F =s! U U ^~* =O` =^ ~=x, =^Q =x,
D r= qOz P =*O O^\xH J<H ` _# `=
K<~, J=h _ < LÔ `K" J~=<~. ''`^$+, ^~^$+,
ij<`H ^$+ H=@K`< D r=_ J<H "=# O^`, JÒ`
_K<_.
P~Ò` KO, =$`~HO` x+~ I
`~}OKu `~O, O [_`$`" II (XXVI-9)
D P=# K^= JÒ` K"#k. =$`", JO` ^~O,
JÒ` ~OQ Z^~ KOk. D r=_ '=#= J< JO^" # , è"# "H` #
Kz, =#-=^-Q~^ O^` H}O qKH} H`<_. Hx =#O
`=? H^. Jk ""xH H}HO. O K^=, Jk ^@"# J*#O`
H"|_ LO\Ok. D HH q+ K, W=h J<H q+#O^#=K
HO H`" L<~. D |O^ =, D q`, D [#, D i[#O, D iK
W=h |O^Hx, "="# Y=#, O``# kOKq H=. D Q=
=~Q= u~= =`" . ''Z\H, ZH_, U^ Ok dOK=K<#
J# ~=Q ==~=O` ''lOH Ô` i` JO` ^~O Q
=$Q`$[O Kz QO` "@O =O\^.

D ^==, H HQu H K~ ZO` P~OQ K=`~OQ L<~!

'WO^_O`\ "_ _ =$`=Y=# _K<_. ~=# x~tOK =_
xqOK|_K<_. "=O`\ "_ XH ~A }#_QK<_. KO^_
ôQ =i=K<_. ~_ YO_ YO_=QK<_. Jy Pi=K<_.
qiOz gy~, <=~ _ aOKO_ JQK<_. i JO`\ "_
iOK =K<_. ~ _ =QK<_. H$Ò`_ HxK qOQ|_K<_.
H_ =Hx O^ q"=K<_. U Jx"~ xu (Inevitable and
indespensable destiny) ^ = " = i O ^ x JO^ ~ J#HO@<~, J\
xu_ q~OzÒk. PH" x~H" q<#=QK#k. WH `K
s~^~=Q =\"i QiOz U=x K=O\~? = PO|#O ZH_k?
48
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
=`! WÔ` KO> < XH> JxOk. JzO`"# H~=Q
'J*`=i U^ L#k. J\ Jx~Kh=Q `` = q#@Qx, KK@Qx,
=\_@Qx =k H^. Jk D K= "^# ~Ok=
JQK~=, J=. J\ =`~ J*`=i `#O`@ `<, `#O^, `#=K
H; `=` _# q=#O`\ h H#|_@ KOk. P =^`
J*` ==# JkQqOK^n D =H= ZH_ <^. Jk JOH~
~=# ~` "K#k.
P ~= ==K x~tO|_@ K`< ~_ PHO q ~uO|=
xi<_. P ~`` =O K`< J<H r=-Q} ^~#=K P~OK|_#\
D QO LxHx Hey#k. Jk *uH=# (#H` =O_=#) P"+Oz
#_Ok. P ~= ~+_ =# " Jf`_, ~^ ~", JÒ`
=#~_ L<_. P# `# `` OHeOz#O` =Ò K`< ~=#
^=`, H=# D =#+, ` H=# = u+`=`<~.
^~Ki J~# =#^_ _ P =H J#QOK`< |eqx OkOz,
D # UK, `# ~H=O îOKK<_. O> P`_ =O`|`=
+i` H$u "`_ =## KeO* QQ`_? zÒ! D qÔQ P
Ju` J*`=i #O_ Hx Ok# =#^_ `# ^~ =OK`, =
q"# _ OQ# "#, K# Kz z`= O^@ K<_
H^!
~H~ Hi}, ~i i`,
|^ U= v=<, ` j`k II (XXVI-39)
g Z=~` ~H~~} LO\~, W`~ H+= `= =O\"#x
J#Hx iÒK`~, |k|OK` `` *#=# OkOz ` O^ ~q
LO\~ ... J\ =h ^#. "~ D = [Q` #O^ L`="# Y=#
O^K<~x < JxOk. WH qQ` "i q+"q@O\~? "i =#
"iH Qx, W`~ Qx HeQ "=#k KO_?
D =#+ J< "=OK` 'r=#= J< =~}O z<~.
J<H HH#K ^~K~=K "kO|_K<~.
F =s! D [#O` =~ =~ _`<~. KKK<~. J<H H~
PKi<~. =K, PK, HK =~ =~ P~O
=~O KHO@<~. "~ H~H< =h z=iH "iH Li`Q
F "~Q H~}O G 49
i}q<~. =~ H~H==# ~OaOz, "\#O_ # e`=

#O_ =iHx H~H==# Hi D qÔQ J<H~ K#^ KK [#
~O~ Q_K<~. D ^Y= JO` LO_@O^. J~` q", *#
J~#\ "iH =Ò, Jq^[x`"# ~H= H~=, "\ [#=
`KOQ< LO@<~.
D OKOx J=~H [#H OK~ ==~=O` Q=xOK~
=hO^! ''<_ D L`=O. WC_ D |`=. D ~A D T~"e. P ~A
` K`<O. D < q"HO "z<#. g~O` < |O^=.
Wk YO. Wq ~^. D q~= =O D P@ P_HO\O. D q+Q
"O Oê. gi =# <HO O? W`k q^H#h HeOKHO@ "=O`
P H# |Ô J=`<O. K z`= q[$Oa LO_Q, Uk `", Uk
x`" QOKH`<O.

23. =<=$` JOu

H =`" =<~OQ HxOK D u` OKO "="# =#Ou
HeyOKQeQ == Uq L<~? =O`, He` H_=" H^! '=#O
JO\~, OQ` O, `~=O\ J<H ^~ OH~ K~ ` xO_#^ H$tOzÒk.
WH =e`#O "tOzO^, Jh H. D qÔQ D [# =~ r=#QK<~.
DQ =$`= =z =_e# s~=# <@H~K Òk. JC_ r=xH WHO
#" +OKK#k.
D r=_ rqOKK#O`HO ''< = ~QÒk Jx O`+OKK<_
Hx, ''J! < D P+ ìyÒk H^! W\ =~ ~= q+"
<# QOz#^q\? WH WH_ #O_ Uq Ke? U =~O J<+OKe? U
*#` O+} Ke Jx `K@ ^. `j_ JQ@^.
`$+ J#H}O O`+=# `# @# @HO\Ok. OKOk= `=
W+O =z#@ =i q"H ~`=# =Q# _"<~. =`H=Q
O~ Hh_ |`HO` PHqOz "<~. `$+ O^ ^KQ OKi# D
=# D r=x [#~ÒQ iqO K#k. H=O` =~"Òk.
L`="# e`"n aOK@ ^. P^ HOK#\, O^ =u#\,
=`# Kz qKeOK#\ z`= O^Qey# "_ D [Q` L`=_x <
JaO.
50
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
=x! ^~OQO Q[ `~Q=` _# Q ` # =^x
Z^~<"_ < LÔ Q ~_ H^. J<H =<=$u `~OQ` qHO
JQK# D WOk=# [~Oz#"_ g~_. ^~ =#=x x["# `=.
^~Q"# =## O`~KQeQ ^~= D OK= Uq L<~?
^~ JO` ZH_?
Hi, Ò, O^ L#K@ `Q}O, q"HO LO_@O ^~"# q+"
JQK#k. F~! =#=_! ~`Q L<, H =[xi`"# JO`~O
^y< J^$#~OQ =K O^#Qx, P^#Qx x~kOKQ=? ^
H^! =i ''D ^#, ^~, `^ =^~ ~#= Jx ZO^ Oux
O^K<=? D O^ h rqOz L#O`HO 'J*#= J< =~# He< ~.
s~O `lOK H}O _ ''W=h <q. g\x q_z Z@O_@O? Jx ==H~=
~= ^Y=H H~}=`<~. =i Jq L`= q+= Z\ J=`~?
"\ JO`\ #qH ZH_ #O_ =z_Òk? =$`= s~=# PHq#C_
D ~, `, |O^, q` i"~^ ZO^ xH=~?

D r=_ J=#HO q^H~ = # J= O^@" [~QÒk. q+}_,
`# X#i# ## <=~ "HO@<_. `# ==H~O OKH#
"\#x\x =##O K , JO`~O QO ^ Oz " |_K<_. ^~ =# J#O
H#\ J~ H==H rq`=O` "zOz# "i =# J=#HO <=e OK
`kQOQ KOK" J=Ò^x qAQ ^ KCK<~. =i J\ =##
J`_ Z\ =^~OKHO\_ KO_?
^+~ e` W\ LO_Q, `~ = _ _K #n `~OQ=
H}OQ~= H^! Oz`=# `~ _ =$` =YO "tOK"xH
Oux HQKH`<~. WH rqOz L#C_ _ ^==` J\ `~
~|=Q (=~=#= J#qOK=#qQ) Oz#\H, ^`|k
H"iH P Q=h `"# `$x JOkOKQ" KO_? H>OY iy#Hn
Jy* JkH" J=`~ H^! P! ''D ~A Wk K#. P ~A Jk Ke
W@ JqOÒQ zO`# K =#A P H~h z=iH U ~OQ
Kz< ^Y~O~Q< i}q<~. W@=O\ `= K@#,
`q`H `^# O`+@_O # H=O` ZO` ~OQ =~O J~Òk!
WH, =kq (old age) îOz# `~"`, L# Hk\ q"H= _ T_@
F "~Q H~}O G 51
Òk. K@ P zQiOz, HH=OQ ZO_ ~e`~ KK~? D O KO

_ q"H#Q "~ [x<~. =~ jOQ #tOKK<~.
W`` ^~`~O q$` , qQO k==<
q"H H ^H~ iH-~`! Lu x^"? (XXVII-19)
< XH q+O KO> K qzÒ JxOk. D [#O` U""
H~H==# ~zOKHx, JO^ x=Q QO` J@W@ u~QK<~.
q"# P~OKO_<, `~# x~iOKO_< OHxH W
K~O@<~. ~[O` U q"H= OÔ_< Q_z Òk H^! WH "iH
~u@ x^ Z\ _Òk? XH ~A =$^ J~#O^ zOuOK~O?
XH<H_ Ju ` `=Oîx [~Oz "<_. +OQ ^<^#
Ok<_. YH~=#H# ^~*=O` K~ HO@<_. iQ, J\
=O, ZH_#O_ "~H =$`^=` =z Z^~Q x|_ ''<<!
J~#^? WH |^~^=? Jx Hi<~.
WH D WOk= q+xH =, W=h HO`HO r=_x Ji#>
HxOKK, WO`< tkÒ O^`<~. Ju HO xs~"`<~.
`K~OQ< =$k KO^` D r=_x q+ O@=xH `"<~.
P! zÒ Q=xOK~? g\H zH# D [# H< L# =$`=# _ U=Ò
Q=xOK@O ^. H~=K |OkO|_#"~, [=# `|_# "H= J<H
[# ~O~ Pu J~`<~.
J~`, L`=Q `` *# q+O =Ò P qÔQ ^. "~ D H~
|O^=h q_<_ PÒ^ `= ^= Hey LO@<~. H#H "i L`~`~
[# O`=, P#O^=, [# H~ |O^~`= J~#\ P`#=="
OkO|_ LO@<~.
F qq` =s! H}OQ~=# H~\= D [# ==O` ZH_
#O_, =<~? Z@ "K<~? KQeQ^=~ KO_? J< D q+"
zOKO_ Z^~Q L#\ H}H=#\ , ^#, [<k ==~=O^ ^$+
\, OK= ^`# QiOK@ uOK@ ^. q"H= =iOK
#O^ ~=#O ^Y "= H^!
F =#=_! D `= H@ q+ =$H=# "_ H"#
O_=O\^# x h= ZO^ QiOK@O ^ ? `K" # O^~ = ~+#
52
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
PHiOz q=# K < ? Uk x`", Uk ` ", J^xx H#|_ O_ K < ?
WO` J~`, D s~=h ~H=O xi`=H^!

L`= [#=Q=O : D = #O_ HO`=Ok, P = #O_ =iHO`=Ok
U^ |}#|OÔ K` H, =z XH K\H K~`<~. W^ |O^ q`
` H`^ =Q==O`! L`= =Ox [# =Q== =O\^ Wk.
F~! r=_! Wk Kz h= ZO^ q<=? ZH_ #O_ ["=#
H@=z# H>= =z Ki# g~O^~ J^$#~O XHiH~H =~H~ Hx
H~=# <"~@O [~QÒk. Hx WO^ Z=i H O, Pi, H~H=O
"i^Hx, XHi` =~H~ O|OkOz#"~ H^. ''=#O =~H [# _ WQ
LOÔ. ~ =~ H =~ =~ HHOÔ Jx [# J#<Ô`
_ = Q< Ok. Z=iH, ZC_, Z@, U q^" # }O O K##^,
Z=~O KQ~? Hh, D |^~ @~O` XHiH =~H~ ~"#@
H|~ =Ò KCHO@<~. JOHiOK HO@<~. "^_HO@<~.
HK_HO@<~. qq^ H# ~=# L#\ D H~H==
==~=O` ZO^ r=} qO KOk? PK#, q=~, ij# "^#
Hey LO_ _ J`_ WÔ` ZO^ Q=xOK@ ^? =~^~,
=^+=, ~ ` J~ ` "^# "\` _Hx H#|_K# D O~=O`
< =Ò Pi=@ ÔQ L# n==< JxOk. q<#= Òz,
WO^ < ~"#^n HxOK@O ^. XH<H KH== =$`=QK# D
O~=O` ""xH =~H [aO^= Q H}OQ~" H^! J~#\H,
J*xH =# =Ò WÔ` "=" J~#@ `KK#k. ''P! D =~=#
uQ` ZO`Q< x[" < <~ J< J`_ J#HO@<_.
D s~O, D =#O, D Q}-^~}=, D Q~"Q~==, D
\\= W=h _ =kq (old age) J#^x =OK` q#+" `<~
H^! WH D z`=# O`+OK@O JO="#x < JxOk.
=s! J@ P ==$H= # K_O_. Jk J^$+= O K` [xOzOk. @~
h_# kOk. +^K HxH ZO` LH~O KOk. Hx, UO O
KO_? `# ZO` dOK D [# XH Q_e` ~OQ #iH"<~. WH
D [Q` ^xx, U qÔQ, ZO`=~ #q LO_=O\~? [#` U~_K#
O~=O` Ju ^+ =" HeyO_, z=iH q<#" ~=#=Q Hey
LO\Ok. "=< kOK@O [~QÒk.
F "~Q H~}O G 53
=~=#O ~OQ#, n~OQ# H#|_=K<" Hx, =#=x P+ ZO`

"#k? JO^ =~KO^K#\ Z<x ^? =#= rq`HO ^$
Kz#_, |, =_ "^# H P= JkHOQ< H#|_=KQH.
Hx, H ==# ^$+ @H#C_, "~ _ H}=`r= H^!
J<H H}= =#"#\ D qz` HKHO P= H K`Q
_ q^=`=#x < JxOk. Ò_! qq`! ^+^$+ #\, ^Y
`= OK#\ 'K@ ZH_? =H#\ Hq L<~? Uk Ok#
`~"`, WH O^=#Ô@ Ug LO_^?

~`=h }" H^! q JO` =\ =`". =$H=h HHH

=~q? =#+O` =O== H^! J WH_ J~"#Ô@ Uq
L#k? D H#|_ ^~=, "\ qH~= "\H =H~}= HO>
"#q H=. =H~}=Q ~|= #O^ D qq^ <=~= ==~O
O*=ÒQ J#==Òk. P ^~ *=# bq J~#\ D
q^[Q` Jq" =`" h`" OKK#k. q" WÔ` OK`
qH~OQ< ZQK<~. q, [=, Jy, "=, PH= ~H~H
He ''WkQ..,Wk Q=, Wk W, Wk =#A_ J# ^$ ==~=O` `H
=QK#^x "~ Q<~. Uk U"`<O? J< `= =#O^ _
Y^Mk J#==h JÒ` "==#> J#==# O^K<~.
=|k=O`# "~ _ J<H "== O^K WO^ `Q#K<~.
J*# =OK`< q^~=# "\O^ WO`\ xO U~_Òk. x*xH
JÒ` q+=#\ D WOk#==, D ^#=, D Q$=
WO^H" |`K#@ W" rq`=Oê =`~ q+=#@ H#
QqOK|_Òk. W\ J<H OH qH=` =< =$^ J~`<~.
"~HO =KiH, JC_H D =#=_ Ug KO_< LO_`<_. z=iH,
J`xH ~=# O|OkOz# =K~"g aOKO_< Òk. WH
x~O`~"# P``^`= aOKk Z\H? Zx [#?
P^`qK< ^=`=<O K`"`-^ H I
`ÒHO ~k\, ^h=b "OK= II (XXVII-37)
=, "H K\ Pg^ ^$+` HO_H JOK^H ~,

54
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
KKHH=@K JÒQ H _ e`~ KK~? J^qÔQ
=_[#=Q "= ~[, ^#, Q$k Q=# OkOKx = Hh
_ Q @ H x u ` <O. = z` = ~Q k ^ ~ } =K
^+`"Òk. J\ ^+z`=K "kOK|_#"~" Jû`=`<O.
J*#=Q =H rq`= WOk "~=H iq`" =$^ J=K<~.
WH = kHq\? = Q}=, , èq`@, s~ O^~ ZO^
xH=~ KO_? = QiOz "= Z~Q= H^!
D [# HO^~ ^, ^H}=, q^, q<^= "^# z` =$` Hey
LO@<~. =iHO^~..., H^ k x+~=# =$`` D q
OKi<~.
$^ q#_Q P |^=_ D ^$=#O^ J<H == #, ==~=#
HeOKK<_. J=h H ~=}OQ LO_=K. Hx, "\ i}=O =Ò
=#, L^Q=#, ^Y=#, JOux kOKkQ< LO\Ok. J\ J<H
#`# H~H==h ^+H= #\H, Jq"=Q "= J#H}O "O
KO^K<O. q"Q *# = JQK@# Kz #=HO@<~.
J<H=Ok [# x~O`~O J<H \ `=# P~ q+=O^
P LO@<~. =O^ [ H=_ LO_@K H, "= q"Q
*## QiOKH`<O. WH rqÒ Z\ Q_ < J~=Q@^.

24. ~~= uQ`

KÔ ^$` HOz[Q` =~ [OQ="
``~=~O, |<! ''OQ= x" II (XXVIII-1)
D H#|_ =~ [OQ=`H=Q [QÒ` _ OQ=== J~"#^
H^? D ~A PH=#O> =~}O, ~\ H <=@" Òk. <_ =^==
H#|_K# ^ JMÒ, XH<\H ^ ~`=QK#k. U s~"` WC_
@=G=K, QO^ #=K, =~ =K JOHiO|_ J<
^$+x PHiOKK OKiO^ J^ s~O Hk ~A =Gq#" TiH ^~OQ
Q XH QO@ ~"|_, JH_ =QK#k.
=#Q~ ^@"# J~}Q =i`<~. Q `[` _Hx
J<H= Ok [## OK XH =O_ku Hk HO Q_ |_^ JQK<_.
F "~Q H~}O G 55
JOÔQ, ~H~H ~OQ "` J<H nHO`` q Q=#O

=iHO`HxH "O_Q_`, z K@` tk" =# QK Qa=
K`, Q K` PHqOK|_Òk. `@ K`, O^~ +` K`
JOHiOK|_ [## P^~# ^= =~q (Z_i) JQK#k.
h~ L#K@ q "K#k. q h~QK#k. D H+ `$}= [Q`
i=~#==xÔ@ Uk L#k g?
D O, D =#O, D s~O, D ^== W=h Jx`= J~,
Z\HC_ x~O`~O [`~OQ= =~H ux O^K< L<~. D rq`"
Qe nO =O\k. WH ^xQiOz U=x KCH"e? =H=O^ H#|_ D
== JO` " =O\^ Hx, =~g H^. c[= =$H== D
`*=O` =\=\H =~ KO^`< L<~.
F =s! J<H P_O|~=` _# D O~ ~K# JO` = <~Q
XH<H #~H H ` = HxOk. WH D r= ô~}==
'=# J< "=K =<`|_ P #~HH =G~ JQK<~. g~O` ~,
#~H, , ` H= ~=@O =@" P" Ja#O. ZH_HH _ H} O Q~" #
J<H H~H==! Z<x ==~=? W=h P #~H H KOK <`=
gH}= J=`<~. D Z^~Q H#|_Ô` QO^~ #Q~OQ ==#
HQ*Ok. P! W^q #$Ò! W^q OK#O! Uq KOKÒ! D ~A, D
O^, D H, D =~+, D JkH~= W=h U"`<~?
H}O ^$+Ô #O_ ^\`<? WH =#O =Ò W> LO\=? ^.
H}HO H#|_ =~ Z\ "~" H^! u~A `"~Òk. H~OzÒk.
=~ WO`< ZK\ # O_ L`#=Òk. D _ O~xH 'JO` ZH_ K O_?
! =#+ = JQK<~. = =#+ [# Z`K<~.
^=Ò`\ "~ `= ^===< q_z"<~. D [QÒ`\ ~"#Ô@ Uk
ZH_ L#k? J@ ~Q"#x K_O_. J`_ `# H~}=` =\=\H
~uO|=# He ~`= Lù q<#= 'H J~ î<_.
WO` H=H=OQ `# _ Hiy`< L<_. |, q+, =~`
D r=O^~ h~ |_y "t#@ q<#= "#H xOK
K<~. ~=~`=, "=, PH=, q, ~`=, #^,
k W=h _ 'q<#= J< JyH ZO_H>QK<~.
56
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
''"= JO`\ "~= WO`\ "~== *u Qk W@=O\
\\h D r=_ `KHx =ik '=$`= J# ~H_ Q~
~#O`=~H. =$`cuQ =#A# ^#^<^ Qx, |O^q` i[#OQx,
q==Qx, ux, O``# HeyOKQ"? ^. Wk W@O_Q, XH xq+O
^#=O`_ 'î^_ JQK<_. P~Q=O`_ ~y J=K<_. J`=Q D
[Q` J#H}O Oux He< L#k. nx#O`\ h Kz q"`_ Hx"_=_
KO_? XHC_ D PHO H~"K PHqOK|_, #" pH\ P=iOz
LO\Ok. J^ PHO =~HC_ |OQ~HO`` aÒk. WOHHC_ O`
" gzHK xO_ LO\Ok. XH<HC_ c`^#`#, L=`#,
"`# xO_ LO\Ok. H =QQ, =#OQ, WOH J<H O~O= `#
H#|_Òk. HO` #H` a`" KO^HO` q~l=` LO\Ok. J^
qÔQ H}"H ~HOQ LO_ D [Q`# Kz cux"~O@ Z=~< LO\~?
P^ H}=x, H}=x O^
H}O [# , H}O =$` ! =< ! Hq= # H}"? (XXVIII-31)
F =h~! H}O P^ =z_K<~. H}O O^ K~`<~.
H}O [#. H}O =$`=. P! D OKO H}HO Hx^q\ KO_?
J! Q=O`_! D ^$ [Q` Hx# ==h _ W`~O XH
qÔQ L<~. WC_ XH qÔQ LO@<~. WH=O^ WOHH~HOQ LO_
`<~. g\ ~=, UH=, ^= J~#\ == XH\ _ ^ H^!
=\ 'u K@ JQK#k. P =$H=# H# uH 'u J~ J@
'=G= J=Òk. P =G= Qi`=# s~=# PKkOz HH=# =\
HeÒk. KK~! '=~ O^x == JO@ ZH_ Un^ . D ^ a=xQ
r=x@ ''[# u =$k i=~#= JH= q<#= W=h
~uO|= x~O`~O =i< L<~ H^! Wk W\ LO_Q WOH< z` qz`!
|#_ |=O`x KOK<_. XH_ #~i x =@@K <_. hK =
JQK<~. Q qKH}*#O, [ H"~ K#^ H xQ K<~.
[QÒ` i=~<="!
[OOz `~OQ <~. P `~OQ =~ ZC_ ZH_ q~O
O^`<~. K`# ~Q =#+ JK`# ^~= O~K =~
K O ^ K <~ . PK # , Ja =, H } O =i` <~. O

=^ =Ô |^~ Jy~Ò
F "~Q H~}O G 57
QuOzÒk. =#O =Ok. P =#O _ QuOz~ ZH_#O_ "~HO

=z_Òk. D s~= H Q` W\ LO_Q, WH ^~=, q+=
=@ "~ K^=#k?
H}=#Ok`"u H}"u qkÒ
H}O =`=u ~#@=## II (XXVIII-38)
=`! D =# LOk KK~! #=~ +OK #@xQ, =z`#

P q+@ H}O P#OÔ, H}O qÔ, H}O =YÒ, H}O
q=YÒ îOk. P qiOz (|^=_) JiK KH "x= ~
q^ "= HQKQ J<H =*=# O@## Z_`QO_,
qQ q~=O O_ $+OKHO@ `<_. J@ `# $+OKK# r=#
~HOKHO@ WO`< HOz "<_. P# K~ "`# D [#
~uO |= J<H ^M =xy`K<~Hx ~=# QOK@^.
D O~ Q=Q [# =<~. `<~. WH_ `"#Ô@
Un H~#\H "i ^Y= =Ò JO` LO_@O^. ""xH "i
O^, P^ _ J~=H^! Q=O`_! qq` =s! D 'H=
J##k Ju K=`~"#k. Ju K`~# "ix _ Jk qKe`# KOk. Jk
P^ =Oz `x [#O@ ZH_ ~"? 'O~= J#|_ ==$H
= =O\ D =H=Oê r= x~O`~O < ~|_K<~. =~ H`
= H<~. J~`, JO^ JuHk = =Ò '*#= J<
=^~u=^~"# ~=# Hey LO@<~.
=s! D `ÒQ=O` Q< L#kHx, r=xH D ^M^ ZH_ #O_
=<~ KO_? "=O` D H~x Kux H =O =`"<?
J! *#^$+x, ^~^$+x Hey O_< rqOz "<"? JO^K`< =O^
=O^ OK uQ`# `K H#C_ ^Y=< O^`<O. "=
T~H<, [# =$` [~"^ ==# gOKH =#= H^! H#H ^~^$+
O_, e H =Hx `y#@, H# Hey# ~A W\
=$^ JQKO_Q WH = U Qu @Òk?

58
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
25. ^ ~ ^+=
g! D = z`=# KK~! Wk J<H q+=O^ PH Hey#^ J@
Oz# ^+=K ~OQ ÔK|_Òk. D z`= r=# HeyOK
^+^# QOz#"iH WH Qa+q LO@Ok KO_? ''^+= ^
Y= hK` g\x Q=xOKx"iH =`" ^~a+ LO_@O [~QÒk.
D ^~= LO_ ^+= g\x P~OK "iH _ OHq<~.
"K@# P~Oz#O^ fQ _ K^# OìOKHO@Ok H^!
~A Q_#Hn, D ^~=` U~~KH# 'O|OÔ H~}OQ "=
^~" J=`<O. D O~= x=Q=Q@K ~ [# #O_ `z@H#
Hk\ =Oz _ J_QO@K#k. Ò_! =s! D [Q`^~=h ZO_~#
q#fQ Q XH<\H x|OQ qiy" H^!
qKiOz K D ~*, D Q, Wq HQKQ zO` Ju
^~~"#"#x < JxOk. JO^K`, Z\ zO` îK~#\ UHO`=# <#
H~HO@<#. D L^#=<, D ^<^, D ## LîOK=x, L`="#
`"# P#O^=# kOK=x <# QOK#. < =# WC_ Oux
=`" O^x H~HO\Ok. Hx ^~zO`#, `$+ `lOK@O "# q+O
H^x JxOk. D ^~=Oê ^+= QOz#\H g\x [~Oz "@O
*#^$+, L`= `= L#"iH ^""! < z`= KOK= Hey#O`
=~ ## ~HOK"~ Z=~? <# Z@ Oux Oê?
<# WC_ rq`=# H~H=@O ^. =$ux _ H~H#@ ^. Uk
Z\, Jk J> LO_QH. xtÒ_<, Uq H~HH, PH Hey LO_H W>
LO_^K#. D ~[=`, Q=`, ^#=`, `=` < x^.
g@x\ =H~}O JOH~" H^! J\ JOH~" `lOz"^KH# <
g\` Uq x KO_?
HO JqH#O` OY r= D qH =<~. Hx, UO O?
"i J`k H WOkQO^ ''~[# ==~= == #
[# ~O~ J< k "H Z@|_ LO@<~. J\ ''#~# O~=
J< z=_# q_n@ uOK"~ =`" ^#. "~ =`"
O`.
U#Q =O x+~Q `= ^=K `=~ Ò_# Òz "#@ J<H
è èx "OK ==K = =# OOK |_K<~. H|\ D
F "~Q H~}O G 59
s~O H O_Q< x~"# |kQO` =# zH` KHH`

WOHC_, Z\, ZH_ gÒk KO_? Ò_! 'q+O x*xH q+O H^. q+=
x["# q+O. ZO^HO\~? q+= = J~` XH s~x =`" iOKQ^.
=i q+= [# [<O`~Q =HH J_Q xz =O^ "~ =
}= `_"Q=.

[K` : WÔ` W\ L#\H D [# HO^~ =`Q *#

=Ò ~^ D ^$=K, D WOk=K D rq` O@#K, U=Ò
qKe`HH, JKOK =# LO@<~.
# Mx # ^Mx # q`x # O^"
# rqÒ # =~}O |O^[ K` II (XXIX-14)
*#^$+ H"i q+= D Y^Y= Hx, D |O^q` Hx, D

r=#~}=Hx U=Ò |O^H~}= HH`<~.
H~H~} `` A_= Q F =`! g ^= $tOz Ji < #. `` *#=#
Ok "= D H= #O_ q_=_ =~"^< L#^? LO> Jk =
L^tOKO_. D J*<~}O "= z<O. Wk J<H "< ==K
=[\", ^ YHO@H=K (=K) P=$`" J<H Z`= He#^,
JuOH~" ==# ZO`Q< HaO*Ok. F =h~! ^<# Hu` D
s~O H|_#\H <# OKQ#. Hx, D O~=x PH
q+H~} H`# =Ò <# iOK<#. ''Wq =#q. Jq = =
J##\ J*# "gzH ~O~ = z`=# ^+iÒ K<~. D
J*# "@# x~kOK^\?
= ! D O~ r=O^~ '`$+ J< _"# ` `_ QK|_#
=`==O\"~. H ~=Q ^ z`" WO^ =^ L# =}. H_ D
~= îOz ~` OKi<_. "= H=H^^K = |O^=# ""
HeOKHx, JÒ`" HKH= #O^ W~Hx k`KH iq<O.
J~#^" J~#k. W\H< x^~z, OO #H TK#
Òz"#@ <# "~Q^K D H=H^^# Òz"`K#. F `` !
<# g ^^= OQ }=O K ~} "_K<#. < $^~}O
^@OQ "Oz# J*<O^H~x, L`= *#=# O|OkOz# =K~O
K` `yOz " O_. <O^ *#*u "eyOKO_. ~= Y^_Q ~K O ^_
60
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
L^~OKQ< pH@, P pH\ HxOK `k qH~ `y`~ H^! g=O\
=` ^~ #O, P O Z< [# }e ÒQ Hx O K#k H^. ` OQ=K
#tOKx *_= Qx, =<"k Hx U=O@Ok?
Ò_! qq`! P#O_ *"~ h\@= H}OQ~"# D P=#
Qx, KOK=Q D Q=#Qx, "i`=Q D =<^# Qx
<# #q ~#@ ÔQ #. qK~}K g\ 'Jx``=#, =O^ =O^
O*= hK`# WC_ QOK#. < LÔ D =#=[# XH<H
L`= J=H" J~=#k. JO^K`, `==O\ `` AK kO|_@ <#
`y#"_ ##HO> g H ^=$Ò K` ## =îOKO_.

26. [# H^#O
=#"! 'J#~= $` J< O~ O@O, z# [## KO >
< =# qOk. O "Ok. < WOk= ZO_\= HO<~.
J|_Q ~# Ok# O^~=u ~ [## Kz _Òk KK~?
= D |k _ J*# `=Q@K` H, D O~=#, Kz
HOOzÒk. U=Ò ^~ O` O^HÒk. zH Q P` _
^`# Qu_ @~H ZQu U_Ok KK~? D =# `K"#
q+ H ~ Q u z=~ ^Y=#O^ eÒk. Jq"H= # x~O`~O P~#
D = K~k WOk= ==Oîh JO^=xH y"<~. J@
q+=, ^~= \\ ==# |=OÒQ q=e KO>,
"qH `~+# P~OKk Z#\H? zO` K==. H~H< "\H JO`
LO_^. #Q JO`$x H KHx ''W\H D D == aOKQH Jx
qOz z z `=O^ x=Q=`<O. Z=~=i< gOz U^^
Ji<O. Uk Ok< D '`$+ W\Q LO\Ok. Ok#"\H ^~H}#=O
(Adverse effects) `Q@^ . F [#~! WÔ` Q=xOK O_< e `y#@
P=#O` Q_"<~? ZO`\ ^~QO!
D 'O`+= J##k Hx == O^`#O^, Hx O^#O^
J#H}O HO^g^QK#k. z` KOK H~}OQ H, <H O~O ''Wk
YH~"#k J##^n HOz` _ aOK@O ^. Wk ## QO PHqOz, QO
PHqOKH L#k. _ pH\ "_i# K@# Kz `=#Hx qOK#@
P`xO O^x < =# J<H =~O~# =`" O^Òk. J<H
F "~Q H~}O G 61
Q"OK z`=# WOH iqOK@K <# ^xx x~OKH#@Q

(the way I decide) xqOKH `<#. Jk `# W+O =z#@ ^ k=i=
OKiOKK<#k. ^=` "i O^# g_H`#@ z`= `#
KOK`=# ZO`\ H i`lOK@ ^.
J`-`K", J<" J#kQ`=O
HO`` u Ô, ^! ` H #q^` ? (XXX-11)
F ^=~! L`==, ~=, Lk =i`= Ou ^Y~`= J~#\

L`= ^" ^ < KO_. ''D O~ ==~=, D H~ ` Q |O^H ~ =
H=. J*#" Jx\H =H~}O Jx ^ KQ q<#. J~` Jk Z\ <#
QOK*<#. [#_ "^# +~+ D O~H ==~=OÔ_
_ *# Z\ LO@<~? D O~=# LO@ _ nxK $tOK|_O_
LO_^\? U ^$+x Ok#"~ g=O\ r=#Q =` D O~ HÒ
==i<~ < KO_.
D q+ ~= \=, ^=, #~= (#tOKq), #~H
H~}= H^! W=h ^KQ OKiOK D O~O ^"\ J=Òk?
U#Q "tOz, K= x= J~# ~=~=# HeH"K#@ "=
J#H}O D |kx KOKbÒ KOk.
O~ U= x= [< ==~#
# |OÔ H^=u, ^ ` ^? (XXX-17)
D O~ ==~O LO@ _ `=~# h~ JO@#@ xi _ LO_\xH

L"q\? D H=k ^~ $`K $tOK|_H L#"_< LO_^\? D [Q`#
^$+` `$}OQ#, JO`~ $+H P`= K_QeQ^\? D J*# =Ô
^@@O =~+ =`" Ô H^! J\ U U =~+ PK~}#
P~OK@OK [# ^Y ~`, O`z` HQ~? "q_ U
^H"# @ xOKe? U `=K L`=O Ok? J<H
JO|^= ` _# D [Q` U *#O, U ^ Hey KiOKe?
! |K` $+OK|_# D J` [Q` H ~~=#
`H#@ g#\ `` Ô < kOKO_. $^HO L# K`#
KO^x =K `y"e. W^ WC_ < UHH PO. JO^Q# D OKO
"= HiOK`Q^k? `lOK`Q^k? D ~O_ Hx^k? D KOK z`=#
~`== ~"#~ QeQ^k? D O~ q+z "k Z<x ^, qH~,
62
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
q` Hey#^ K#qH^. D "k U =# =O`=K `QQ^?
$Ô j``=, ~`=, ~=Ou u+O|_^\?
=#"! qq` =s ! g~ `` A. JO`H^. ~}# "ix
~HOK@O g JO`\ "~ ~x Hfu. WC_ q=# q#=`` ~}
"_K<#. <# ~`= Ok =~ ^Y= O^#\ LO, L^tOKO_.
Jr=# "i LK x k~! PÒuH qOu O^#O`=~ =
z`=$`, = H#, = "==, "= #=H# q= ==#
"k LO\~. H#H g ^` ==# H#O KO_.

27. ~=
F =#"! n~=Qx, D s~ uQx D |O^q` =Q= Qx
x[OQ D r=x LîOKQ"? H~ JOÒ` O_ ==# '_Qe
K\"O> J=h = |O^=< Hey<~. " "= Qi _Q
~O> '^~ J< " " ==# Q_"# K<~. =
==# \ _ = #~#~=Oê Hx e"Ok. H}H}O J<H J#~
=z = =Oy@ "K<~. = H$` ^+ $` ==# J<H H=
uCK<~. H$Ò`_ (H~ e`=# kOK H~H~} `` =) J< e
'r= J< ZH# @_xH H#O =^ "z<_. [" u`#@ D
r= ZH_ #O_ =<~. WH_ `#O O^K<~. g! D u =
L"k? Qu Uk? ^xx zOuOKe? ^xx P~OKe? D rq`~}O
^=^\?
g =O\ =` WK HeyO* ~qO*Q ="n D =_ H
ZH_ ^ . = q+ O J\^ . "= JÒ` =, #~= J~# q+ =
_ ^#^=`<O. D _ O~O = x~O`~O _< HeyOk.
WÔ` "~`"# ^$+K =K K_|_^\? *#=, O`$ Ok Hx
WÔ` H~O H*^. H= HOH`"# = =# U LO J=Oa
`^~ =# ^$= J=$` H` HtOKQ=?
SH P=+H # `lOz D O~Qux `H#"_ '=#=_
Jx JxOKHQQ`_. J\ U U =~+# J#iOz "g O~~}O
F "~Q H~}O G 63
KiOKe? UO K O~=O^# =#A_ ~Q^ `H=# Q K= =K

_OK|_O_ LO_Q_? ~==Q ^~O Jy_ ÔK|_^ H^!
=#A_ D O~y __ ÒKO_ LO_ HeQ L"k?
=Ô _` `_=O_ LO_Q=? D O~O _ WO^ ^~K#
==O\"i =# WOê ^~= K PH~ } qH~ } O^H =@O ^ =
<<? ~Q^+=, Y^Y= #\ uO@ D OKO L<?
Ò_! =e# ~+"# D =##< D [Q` H J`= P^~_
L#k. J\ D =# `` ^K ` Hh H #O H^. JO^K` < `` ^
H" #
"H=# L^tOKO_. Z\ Q= J=îOK@OK H~ X#i##, H
X#~## ^Y= H K _ LO_^, J\ ^= QiOz L^tOKO_.
Z@ PKi D =# ~=q`=Ò^, < ~=Ou aO^ J\ L`=
PK~} QiOz P*OKO_. J\ L`= H~H=O W`~O Z=~=~ PKiOz
P`#u O^~ J\ "i H^#O < qxOKO_. F Q=O`_=Q qq`!
J\ =hQ Hx_|_" Z@ | == QOK~? Z>@ qK~}
K~? "iH U ^#K " x=$u, ^Y= LOu OK~?
F =x`= XH =@ =Ò q#qOKHO@<#. J\ L^ "H
LO> LO_ LO_=K. H LO_ LO_H=K. <H=~< K=K. H KC@
^_H=K. <xC_ XH x~xH =K#. JOH~O` Jx H~#
i`lOz "#. D [# <^ _ <HH~^. =G^~}, <^#
_ =ê"#. WH P^ ~x=O_. H O^ ~x=O_. H=OQ
^^` _# D s~O H$tOz<, H #tOz<, JO^ <# ÔQ L<#.
~ O^=#, JOH~=#, J# i`lOz H=O =#O =#.
XH }=Q, =Q LO_`#. H=OQ #, *#=# _
=ê"#. ~ J#~= H~}"# D s~=# Uk J" J> JQQH. D
^= <k H^. <# < ^=# KOk#"_# H#. W`~ ^ _ <
"~ H~. <# "iH KOk#"_x H#. JO^K` Jx\h i`lOz"#. K=~x
nOQ D ^= +Oz ~Oz#\H WO^=# <# H`Q O^#kQx,
H=#kQx Ug LO_^. ^x ~=#"@O> J> JQQH!
~=KO^_ D qÔQ =<"=# #tO* "H eH =#O
=OK_. Jq q# JH_ aO^~ P~#O^=` H` s~~.
JC_ [xOz# "~Q"#K JH_"iH O~= @Q J*#=` _#
64
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
Ò qOzOk. =+qq`k |+ ~=#O^"O^~. <~^k
=A ~=x "H=x qz`~=# QOz L`l`~. ^
+=~O i `= `= W@ O+OKH<~.

^ : P! D<_O` k#O! H~OO #O_ W\^H =#O =_ H

OKi< O. Hx WO`=~ WO`\ J=$`= "H ZC_< q<=? |$u
_ WO`\ "~Q"H H^"! <\ H H^ =# [# ^#"<~. D
=K< q#O` =ÒK`< =#=O` ZO` L^kOK|_O. P! ~~=_
eH# D L`= =~ Uq =^#q~ qx f~eO^. F ~
=hO^~! ~O_! =#O D ^~^x "tÔ.

JC_ H=O_^~Q J<H=Ok |+ OQ= "tOK~.

=~Az "~Oîx PxOz Lz`#=# ^#O K~. "^-"ÔQQ
`` "` JH_ Lq+=@O` P WO^# qOz~Ok. Px`Q
=# W@ OK~.
P! =# ~=KO^_ "~Q ~=, *#^H=, ^=
J~# "H eH_. W`_, eH#=h JÒ` qK~ `=, +=,
q^= , O`+^H= _! W`x =@ qx P~_x "~=~? ZH_Qx
WO`\ ~` $+=, O^~=, =H= J~# "H qxOK=. Z=i
$Ô WO`\ * QOÔ Q q"H +O qHO^ J\"_ '~+_ Jx
JxOKHO\_. D HOH J< =<~. "i K=Ok q+Ò
P~Oz#"~ H =O ~H= O= xi`=Q O`= =`" J~=O@<~.
"i O^ [ K Ln O K i j# O_ @ K [_ = ` JQ K <~ .
~~=H~, H kx "i rq`= =~= H^! ''""O^ [~=~}
^M^K "kO|_K<O? D O~=#Q Uq? J##\ ~`=Q
~=x "H =K L^ ~ O * |_ K <~. ~ ~ q K~ = #\
x~_Q ~+_ =#H~A ~=KO^x ~= aOK@O =#Oî
~H$` ". WO`\ `` H`~` O H\ O K QQ@O JÒ` J~^# q+ O.
P! =#_, =h+Q W`_ WO` z# = ZO`\ P` q"H
=^ ~ =# J# = =# ` K H<_ ! W` _ [Q ` ~ = O` K H Q
Q Oz<_. F [#~! ZH_Qx aOK#\ KO^#, =OQ =$H= = =#H`_
D<_H_ aOK_. g~O` W`x =^}x q<~H^! D ]"_ K#@
F "~Q H~}O G 65
''Ju ~=Q ^=^$+? J#@# D _ O~= ~=# QOK@O

K H+`~"# q+". Z=~` WH_ P` ==# O^\xH u~ "~
=`" ^#. "~ JQQ}. "~ ~`=.
~=KO^x =O\ =q"H-qKH}*x WO`=O^ Hx, WH=O^ Qx
J_< = JaO. WC_ ~=KO^x =K#= i J~# =^#qz
W`x Ja=Ò kOKH`, = =#|+ "^# <=^=
=~" J=`~.
D N~=_ `` qK~}K ~`= J#qOK@ ~q^= `y#"_
L<_.(~=! Wk H^, h J=`~ q+O!)

"~Q H~}O =O
|~}= - H H}=
FO ```

66
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
F == ==~
H ~ }
O G 67
~<^ <^ ` ` #=
N =+ ~= O"^=
II. == ==~ H ~ }
O
68
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
F == ==~
H ~ }
O G 69
== ==~ H~}O
=== J#Q Z=~? `= `~`= uQ` Z\q?

D =#=x, ^+ i` " # ` =O^ x q # k Z=~ ?
q"HJq"H= Z@ =i<~? q"H= qHOKO> =~ Uq\?
D r=x "= ~= Uq\? ^# qK~}= "q\? r=_
"H ~_ JQ@ Z@? D "^# q+ h D H~ } O KiOK|_~.
t+_ U ^$+ HeyO_ D GOx ^ q#@ ÔQ LO_, N =+

=i KiOK~. D G= H H "q\ _ K~.
r=x '~_Q fik^@" D G= H UHH H = H^! J`xx

Ò`, `jxQ K@Q#, ''^== J#|_ =Q == J`xH
Un kOK@^x x~OK|_#k. r=x H `= *<*#=
H~}=QK<~.
D H~}O ~x ^K~= q"H~H qK~} Ô KOk.
70
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
1. N H qOu
N~=KO^x q"H, "~Q i`"# "H x "~Oî $^
HOK ~. J<H =Ok ^ , =#, P "t OK~. "~O^~ Lz`su#
` iO|_#"~ Pj#~. JO`\ =~ O` "`=~}O J=H#k.
N qq` =i ~=x L^tOz =^~~O` H<~OaOK~.
N qq` =i : F ~"! h= ~= q`"# `=< eH=. h H;|kK
QOK=#Ô` KHQ QOK=. ""xH h= H`Q Z~Q=#Ô@ Un
^. J~`, [ x~=Q h |kH HOK= "~ =Ò J=~" L#k. D
O^~O W`~ XH O@# < Q~ =Ok. N " =i =~_
'_ J#"x q+O W@=O\^... XH<H O@# [iyOk. J`_ _
h=< `H=#Ô` `#\H, [#H =~AK kO|_# `~"`<
PÒ^ qqOK_. h "@"^\Q, ^H=Q P =i =$ÒÒ
K`# q#.

F ~=KO^! J@ K_. h Ò_ O#O H<, ~ `[` "QK,

P#_ L# ... P<, "=i. P# =~_ _. O^~~t =O\ P
_ [#` =A_. =_Q J`_ XHC_ XH UHO` Ô K~_.
O`z`_, ^#= "KHx, D O~= H Qu QiOz, WOê =e#=
QiOz zOuOKQ_. J@ q=~< ~HOQ qKiOKK LO_Q HO`HxH
J`x =##O^ L`"`="# 'q"HO L^~OzOk. =|k=O`_ JQ@K
x[|k |OK`, z~H qK~}K J`_ JH$u==, [=, O^~=, `=
J~# ''Pù H P#O^#=O QOK_.
J@ `#O`@ `< ` ==# Ziy#\H J`x =# =Ò ~=Q
Oux O^^. ''<# QOz#^ `=? r=_#Q <# =` i^=Q
~=`< J~=<<? J##\ HOz` OH WOH J`xx =^^. eÒQ
O~ ^YO LO_< L#k. J`x ~ z`= H} O Q~=Q ~ O~ q+ =
#O_ q_=_Ok. J#Q ~OQO ^"#k. Hx J`_ L`= Oux O^= L#k.
JC_`_ ^#= KeOz, Ò_Q "=ix gOz, }=OK W@
tOK_: ''`Q P` ~_#Q <O^ D O~_O|~=O` Z\
L^~OzOk? 'O~= Jx K|_K#Ô` WO`HO HeOKK#"~=~? D
F == ==~
H ~ }
O G 71
LkO^# <# JYO__< x`_< L#=@ "="<? <# OH#

`yOKO_. P`*xQ "_ `x qx x~ =O` ^zÒQ
J<H G, HH ` r=x "= ~= q=iOK_. Hx, _, ''<
Ò_ K`# D q+=h <# WO` =O^ QOK# H^! Jx J#HQ_.
=~_ `# q=~} @ x~^~}~HOQ LO_@O Q=xOz "_, ''<<!
H! <# QOz#Ô` K#. <# WO`H< Z= Z~Q#. qk#Q~
~A '[#_ J# J`_ <H< _ L`="# *x. h= "o P## ~} "_.
P# =^ h= `H#^z#k `HQ= Jx K =#O =OK~. H^= _
Ò_ ^ #=iOz, = fHx, qk#Q~O |^~_.

^~= =^ =z "z# H^=x, ~*O`~=x XH ^~ _

Q=xOK_. q=~ `Hx [#H=~A x"kOK_. JC_ [#_ XH
H}O zOz, ''~. = ~h! WC_ =O ^. J<H ~KH~H==
L<# Jx =} O"_. U_ ~A Q_z~. _ ^~O =^<
"z<_. JC_ ~A XH @x z ''F~! h= ~ '_ J# ^~O=^
"z# =xH |H~ =# #Q~Ox U^< =u Q$O KOK. ~KH~=
=u_ =# =~H "~O ~A =~ ~[^~#O aOK^x KC Jx P*OK_.
XH qOu Q$O P# | KOK|_Ok. =~H U_ ~A Q_z~.
_ U=`= L^QOH J> "z<_. "~~ ^~ JO` QOz#
[#_ J`xx =iHO` sHOK#H<_.
JC_ JO`~Ox XH q=O`" # Qk # | U~@ K |_Ok.
PH~}"# ^~=, [# #= J=~|_~. =^=`# J`xx
qOK@ xyOK|_~. _ P JO`~O _ ~z`_, =#O
=Oz<_. Q =] =$H HO_=# H^Q"? ^Y ~=
J~=# JH_ Q==, ~, =Ok=Q^ =K#=,O^~ ~-
= J`x =# U=Ò PHiÒQ JxOK^.
D qÔQ WOHH U_ ~A Q_z~. N H^=x KK^~x O`
ux QiOz `H# [#_ K O`+OK_. =Q "o H^=x
=^=# PxOz lOK_.
N [#H =~A : F H^" ! WC_ g ="q\ Q OK#. <# =^#OÔ
O^#. D [Q` LO@< r=_ U qÔQ =iOK@O Lz`" g~ J>
72
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
=iOK~. < K O`+OQ L#^! WC_ KO_. g~ Uq `H"
#O@<~?
N _ : Q~=~! #<H OÔ \ _Ok. D r=_ Z=~? JYO_=Q
~=` W`_ LO>, =i ''<# D s~ iq`_#, <#O_ `k`~ "~#"~,
<# qOz "H= O^= L#k W@=O\ UH<H ~=# KOK=O`
Z@ ZO^ Ok?
JC_ [#_ D O~= H "= J"== QiOz Qz#@
JO` q=iOK_.
N_ : ==H! gs q+=h L#k L#@ q=iOz#O^ H$À_#.
J~` q"H|OK` D q+h Wk=~H QOK#. (Lx+` "^#)
D q+" KCK#@ `H<#. < Ò_ _ ''x~=Q D O~=O`
J*#= #O_ "=_K#k. J*#= `QQ, D r=_ `Q x`_,
P#O^=_, ~"~_ Ht_ Jx K<~.
g~ K#@ ''r=_ *#=K H J*#= `Q@K |= JQ# J<
q+ O < H~= QK#k. Hx g! ''J*#= `Q@ J#Q U" < +" # @
^. ''<O^ J*#= `y#k J#@ Q~ Uk? J\ u Z\H aOk?
< JYO_`= H J#=O WOH# aOK^q? |" <<`, =i D
'r=_# J<k ZO^ <@ U~_L#k?
N [#_ : =h~! `==Q |=# g~ =Q< qK~=K
+OQ QOK~. P g Ò_Qi=^ q=~OQ q<~. g~ QOz#^
|``=. WH g~ `H=#Ô@ "~ Ug ^.
''|``= QOK# Jx g~ x~O`~OQ qOK=K. ZO^HO\~?
g ^$+ ^$ ^~*=O` J"== J~ LO_@ K`< D #Q~O W~=k
XH ~A xi Z\ qH~= # HO_ L<~. =$k J=$^
Qx, =<==#= Qx q=# $tOK^ H^! gK ^$= `lOK|_#>
J~#k.
D qÔQ ^$= u~iOK|_Q, JC_ +OK ''^=, Jx~Kh=
JQ ~" ~|=Q "ÂK =zOK|_#^x QOKO_. F =s!
JYO_, x`k` K`# ~_, Jkf_ JQ P P` ~+xH XHxH D
[Q`#O^ J`=#k. WH `H#=h H< =`=. J*#`=Q
O~= =#< ''<#, h=, ^~=, ^|= Wq "~"~ J#
F == ==~
H ~ }
O G 73
= HQK<~. P =# H=H=OQ ~=Q P``` =# |OkO|_#

^x= JQOK<~. J\ |O^= H J#== L# "xx =#O 'r=_
JO@<O. P r=_ J*#= #tOz#_ =_ ~=Q P`Q +O KK<_.
H, |" `#QK<_.
=`! g~ D Q=@, D ~^$ ==~= @, ''WÔ` U=Ò
`= H^ J# ~"# |k Hey<~x g =~K x~OK~. ''WH
`*==Q P`< <# Jx QOK@ J_=#k KO_? Z~Q=#k
Ziy#C_ =`" JH$u==Q 'q~Q= H\ ` = Òk. J@ xOQ` O H\ O z
g~ =g~ J~. G=K kO|_ J<H qkq^#=, "kH
==~= r=# J<H-|kx <~@H L<~. J\ 'J<Hx g~ W\H
kOK~. WH g K=#kQx, g~ q#=#kQx ^. i~`=
Ok#"iO^ ~Q^+~`=, ^$= @ JO`~OQ=# xi` [OQ<
~. g~ =Q g q"H|OK` ~Ò Ok L<~. g Ò_,
"^" _ ~*#xk, =` J~#\H, g= WO`\ ~#=O
OkO_^. <# "x HO> +_#. WH g~, Q~Q=# L^Q
J#^Q=# iQ `lOz LO_@K <HO> _ Jk J~. O^=#
L`= u O^< O^~. H#H g =<~Ô kOz#>. D ^$ OK=#,
=H=O^ q=# q=# K#k, |^# K#k JO@ Un ^.
H#H g~ = J~ L<~. WH g OÔ ^xH? ''WO` qOz#k U^
L#k J< =# `lOKO_. H@H ÒKH# P== g~ |O^ q=
J~. WH g Z@ Lz`=x J> OKiOKO_. P` ~, P` =
J~=# g <# #=i<#.

F ~~=! =`_Q [#x D LÔ q# P Hy ~ OH#

JH_HH_ `lOz "_. =e#~`=Q 'P` J# ~= ==# Jk+Oz qOu
O^_. H=, O=, P= #O_ q_=__. [## }=OK
JH_ #O_ |^~_. '=kx JOK@ "~ ~Ò K~_. JH_
xiHQO J<H O=`~= Q__. J@ `~"` `~` O*u=
'P` == J# x~}u O^_. ~ J*# O~= `y~.
x~ ~_, ~==#_Q ~=Ò^ b#" q^=_<_.

74
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
D qÔ Q " `_Q H^= # HOz` 'Q~K
@ J< =~# O J=~" # k
H^! F =x+ ~! =# D ~=x q+ O _ WC_ J\^ J=~= QK#k.
W` x H H~ } ~ ` O Q< Q = O^ q~Q = @ @ K ` # q" H O K `
`H=#Ô` `H<_. Q*= @ JH$u="# J~z `` *x
HxOK XH =Y"# H}O. D O~ |O^=O` `Q "="#k
HH~#\H, ''QzO`#K WÔ` ^$__ D r=xH Ok. ''"<a=$^
(Increase of tendencies) |O^=. "<H" "H= Jx =# *## ^
KCK<~.
=~H q+O. P` q+" P` *#O (temporary & partial knowledge)
J=` _ HQ=K. Z=~ KQ qx#O` =ÒK` _ ("#
P"~O) "~QO O^=K#. Hx, J\ "~Q =# ~_O>
OQ~`"# |k H"e. q+=@ q`$+ (desirelessness) =Ò ZO`
H+Oz` Hx O^@ gH^. Z=i *#^#"` H=H^^K uÒ H^
J\"_ `` A_, *x, O_`_ _. ZC_` D r=_ `H#=#^xx
`HO\_ (<# Z=~? J# L`= =^#O O^`_), JC_
=`" J`xH D s~ \\O @, S~= @, Q=@ ["#
q=Y`, J~z U~_`~. - Ô= H~ HO_, "=^$+ =#
JH$u="# "~ Q= Ok LO_ "~ =#= L`" `= . * =Q (~ *#
L`= H =Q) P`== QO|_#O`=~ q+q`$+ HQ@O JO=".
~=}=Q Q Q= _, ZO`\ ^+~+"#" =# ~=KO^_
qK~}K QOK_. JO^K`< =`~"# P=# O^QeQ_. F
a~! D _ K#Ô` "=". J~` W`xH WOH z` qOu
HQ=#k. ~=Q P` QiOz qK~}K W`_ Ò_ z`qOu
O^Q_. WC_ D ~=x |k H= Ou =`" H~O\Ok.
HH}~O, ~=x z`qOu H~ ~ Q~=, ~= Zy#"_,
~H, |*x, uH"` J~# =+ Q"#} P` qK~} kOK=#kQ
=YOQ Ji<#.
=+ =s! XHC_ =# W~=i "~O OuOK\xH Q=O`_Q
|^=_ g, <, `k`~ =# P`*#O L^t OK~ H^! P H ~H" #
*<Ô K` ~ O~ "# `yQ=. F |*! g t+_Q
~=KO^# L`="# P` q+O L^tOK@K W`_, D ~[O, D HO,
F == ==~
H ~ }
O G 75
q+` J<H=Ok [# q`` O^@O [~QÒk. q"H "~Q=`

Ht# ~=_ g L^=# Jx q^ `y#"_. W`xH L^tOK@O K`
g "H ~H=`~. ôK H|_H iOQ L# JÔ =YO =Q,
+OQ HxOk H^!
uHAQ g "= KQeQ^=#k? H^ Hey#"_, xQi,
"~Q=O`_ J~# t+# kO|_ G*#" ~H=Òk. U ^ J~`
J*#=# ^QO KO^, ~ O^=# "Ô@ `yO^, JxOk`"#
L`= `=# ukO^ J^ L`=^. J\ ^# g~ =`"
kOKQ~.
Q~+|k x"xH, q~_ Hx"xH, J`# L^tOK|_ *#O
H` |_# = Jq`" J=Òk. =+ =s! g~
="~QO#. H^=O@ x"~. x~"# == H"~.
ÔQ=. J\ g=O\ =h P` q+" L^tOK@OK`, P L^
=O< kO|_"x |k qHOz qqOKQ^.
JC_ ", <~^k =~ J~#~HOQ =+x" Kz z~#=
#"~.

N =+ =i : F qq` =s! D "OK# "-<~^k =x`= ~!

<# g P[# t~=OK\xH ÔQ L<#. [# "H= LOOK H
Z=iO@Ok? g~ ## xq# @Q< D ~=^ *<^ O K J*#=#
x=$uO*#. nO "eyOz# `~"` pH\ P gO LO@O^?
~= < Ò_Q |^=_ <, `k`~ =x=~} L^tOz#
P`*#=# <# WC_ iOKK<#. D < `= O~ =# OuO
K\xH, H H}= H~ =$`=QQH!

W@ P# u*~H"# =OQ#O eH~. HkH} ^# x+

^$O`=, LM#=, =}= "^# iH~= K~H<~.
J\HC_ P O^ =H` J#"#\ "`=~}O, "kH `~
K|_<~. JC_ |i=~}Q =+ =i J*# Ou H~ ~``
^H"# ''Q"+= H ''JYO_ ~=}O W@ =zOK ~OaOK~.

76
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
2. ^=H q^=H
N =+=i :
~" LHO Q=` ` '*#O ^[#<,
~^, HO`~O `kÔ H^=" II (III-1)
t! ~=KO^! ~O $+ ~OO |^=_ [QOu H"

=zOz# P` `` G=# h =O^ LOK=K<#. ^` q<^=QH!
N~=_ : Q=O`_! =+=s! =#O "HGO "tOK =O^ <
L# XH O ^ O x"iOK i < #. H ^ =_ q^ =H Ok#@
qq`=i K<~. J`x Ò_, Q~=, ==u, ~A_ J~# D
=# "=i ZO^ q^=H O^^? _ =`" ZO^ O^_?
`` *#=# q^=H L`= e`=Q^! Hy O^Q `H` Uq\?
N =+ =i : F ~=! ~x= O*u ~_Q P '~=` H
K`#H H z`HO HOu~}== J#O` OY |O_ z =iOz,
b#"`<~. D =~=# H}O _ `H=` (~=~`=`)
_# |O_= WH~}== HO JqH^. J^ qÔQ WH =O^
_ P '~=` J< ==Ô OK`~OQ JOMHOQ z
~OK`<~.
J\ D '[Q` J< ~}=O^ ''Wk `" J# |k` D ==#
r= =i<~. J~`, r=#H ~+ =Ò WOê J``=O` J=QÒ
J LO@Ok. JO^K` WÔ` "iH ÒQ< LO\Ok. J\ =
=O\" J~# D |O_= JO`~`"# D ^^ _ #~=
(#tOK=#q), `=, J` `= (""xH #\q) J~ L<~. W\
^^ Hey LO_@,(H) O_@ q+"=#k? P``` = KHQ Ziy#
*# ^$+ r=# =z# >g ^. Jk q^=H H< `"#kQ "~
ZOK@ ^. L# ~=O` `# "=~=Q 'P` QiOz Ok#
q*#~H"# *#=< L#k.
N~=_ : g~ `H, =~=#, q+` H, |O_= Lù, u
q<#= QiOz KC K#k JÒ` =O[" . =# H#|_K#Ô` J#H} O
=~ KO^`< L#k. `q+` H= =^ D =~=#HO H#|_
|O_=, WOê ^~= ~^ JxtOÒQ, J~OQ LO@<~. JO^K`
=~= # |O_= QiOz, WOê =* = H P ^~ = QiOz Ziy#O`
F == ==~
H ~ }
O G 77
=ÒK`, =#O '|`` = H 'P`H "= == Z~Q*""#x

< JxOk. `q+` J< ~O_ Q@ =^ =# a# D =~=#=#
J> LOz, =#O D |O_= H ~~# (Wk ZH_ #O_ =Ok? Z@
Òk?) `H qKiOK=#k. D =~=# |O_= H JO`~`
^$ q QiOz qK~} J#=~ H# J=Ò^", ZO^HO\~? D
H#|_ =*=O` J#H}O `HO #O_, q+` x =~=#O
H L<x JxOk. Z\HC_ ` q+`K H"|_` L#\
D =~=# ''H}H ^$OK=# =#O ZO` `~z Kz<, Wk =# H=#
L`= J=Q## kOK*^"?
N =+=i : F! `` Q} =~"#\ h H;|kH "K#. J~`
`q+`, =~=#=, D |O_=, D ==~=O`\ XH<H
q^`= J*#=K `"# ^x= =iOKK#k. JO^K`, h ~O_
^$+ LOKHx <# K= =^#O q#.

H~} ^".... P ^~=# J#iOz

(The Self) `Q` `Ò 'r=_, 'si, ('The Experiencer')
"^# ~` K|_Òk.
Jk.... ''`` Jk (`` "), '' J`_ (-"), ''~`
W`k ^=K L^tOK|_Òk.
O : D =#, #, =$Q=#, =#+#, ^=`#
's~`Q= J# ~=Q '=$ux K< L<O H^! D H H#|_ ~H=O
xi` s~=# [= "= Jy q PH=K xiOK|_@K
uHs~O H 's~O JO@<O.
H;O : D Ô #tOz#\H, '=#|kz`= JOH~=
=#O =Ò #tOK^. ^xx 'H;s~O H 'Ju"HÔ Jx JO@<O.
'H;s~O H ~" W+=, J~+=, J=Q#, Ja=,
HiH, =#, H`= "II J~ L<~. (=iHx G= nx<
'O~+= Jx _ JO@<~).
Ô <e#O` =Ò K` Ju"H Ô #tOK^. H, O_^.
J~`, s~ iq`# J`x |O^= =Ò OKuH ^= =~ =`"
QOKQ~ H#H, ''J! =#"_ Kx_! Jx J#Hx T~HO@<~.
78
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
WC_ uH s~O `yQ H;s~= =`" îOz L# D r=_
J\H C _ `# "## (tendencies) J#iOz `# $^ HO =H= #
QOKK<_. nx< '~H= Jx JO@<O. WC_ WH_ K_|_ =H=
_ J\" =! Wk W`~=# (J#Q D =~=# s~^~} =O^#
uH) ~H" J~=#k H^! J~` ^`|k H OK`= iq`"#
|k H"iH WÔ` =~H K@Qx, H POQ Qx [~QÒ^x JxOk.
Hx, Jk J>q H^. ZO^HO> Ju"H#=O OK `= HO> H;"#k
H^! J^x J#=O OK`=`#, Jq LO_#C_ _ U~_Q^.
WH_ XH q+O QOKe. =#O WH_ WC_ K# D ^=#
r=_ `# H;Ô O`< îOz, =iOK<_. H#H WH_ =#
J#==QK#k _, D Ju"H ^ Ja=HH~}. L^~}, <# h`
=\_`#C_ ''< '=<|k zÒH~ hH =<|k zÒH~`
uOk<~ J##^ kOk. JO`Hx uH ^~=, [_= J~
L# K= <~ =\_H= H^!
WO`=~ Q OK= H^! WC_ =#O =~H q+ xH =Ô. WO`H ''W~
~=# D `=~=#q+` ^~#=O` K#\ D 'r=_ J#|_"_
Z=_? F ~"! W`_ =Q P `Q`. W`xH ""xH D [#
"^# qH~ U ==O^# =. ~|" W`x x[~O.
''z^H ~_# ~= ` "<==Q Ju"H s~O`, =Q,
`# $^H=#O^, "<=" J~=# D ^$=O` O^K<_
J##^ r=xH '[Q` J# J#= " L#k. D s~= _ J\ [Q^ $=x
XH == =O\^ JQK#k.

D qÔQ u } `# z`=x "## H O~=# J#iOz,

`# qOz, "OzOK J#= =# J#"# L^ # (s~=#) O^`,
`l LO@<_. J~` D r=_ q*#" (Z~H consciousness) `# ~=Q
Hey L<_. J`_ ^x<` ''Wk D q^"# `= Jx OHe<_ Jk J>
J`xH `"# J#=" OKK#k. JO^H ''D r=_ ÒH_ Jx
_ K|_Ok.
J\ D r=_ D uHÔ `lOK@O [iy#C_ (H =~}Oz#C_)
J`x =# #Q~O (In the zone of his subtle body) U U H~ JQQ}OQ
F == ==~
H ~ }
O G 79
LO\ "\x J#iOz JO^ `y#\ Lkx O^K<_. JC_ ''W`_

\_~ Jx [# J#HO@<~.
`Q``Ò (^) '<# J# ^x` ~ "The self" which is the cause of everything else
=# H~}O ''qOK@ J# H i.e., subtle body as well as physical body, That

which is there prior to start of all experiences.
~OaOK|_H=O^ LO_ LO@#k.
Culmination of understandings,
opinions feelings, likings,
desires, objectives etc.,

[
"
Jy
PH
" #O
Ô
H; H Ju"H Ô
SUBTLE / MENTAL BODY
H~} Ô CAUSAL
"SELF"
`Q` BODY
H#H F ~=! D r=_ `# "##, H~ iH=# J#iOK =#+,

, H, ^=`, ~H k x^ O K` HtOK OK uH =#=# L^ #
O^K<_. nxx|\ D ^$q+" XH K=`~O Q=xOK"?
OHx~}q=- =<~[ q=`,
WO^* = W= - H^~u=`,
^~` HO W=- ` K=`,
=Hm"= "q - <O^ `~#=`,
Oqu ~=` - $u*` Y+=`,
[QÒ~}" O`~ $`-#=u "! (III - 11,12,13)

(O", "" ^=Ou, `^=u : r=_ `# =## J#iOK O=Q<,
"=Q< JQK<_ - Lx+` "HO.)
80
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
D Z^~Q HxOK K~K~=` _# ^$[Q` Z=_ J*`=i `#
OH=K ZO^H ~zOz#@ LO\Ok. U^ =<~[= H q==
`KK#k. Z=~ Q SO^*e_ `# WO^* K=`~OK Wk KK#@
JxOk. XH Q Hq `# T K=`~O` ~zOz# XH ^ H^ x =^ QOQ
iOk. "`= Hq# ~yH HO#=O= Jxt`=Q, Ju KOKOQ,
^~~OQ J#==Òk. XH _ U^ KO H^ qx xkOz, J~~u "=
~Q H# `~z Z^~Q H^x `=# =K KKK#@ HxOk. `#
`< HeOKHx# =K` PHO U"" PH~= `K#@ =HÒk.
<H }OK "xH X_# L# K@ J~KO^H$u` H^K#@ Ok.
XH_ O J<H ==# KK#@, =~H_ `# $u Ô ZH_ KQ
q# PH +O QOK#@ D [Q` `H" LO\Ok. H#H ~"! WÔ`
q^, KK"x H H<=`", =Q Un Hx^ L#k. J~`, `#
J*#= K`< D r=_ q^~=Q W\ [Q`# `# s~= Hey L#C_,
#C_ _ `# $^H=#O^ =Q QOKK<_. J#Q, =$`_
W\ D [Q^$=# `# JO`~O QHO `# `< OQ J# `~ KH#@O
[~QÒk.

W@ ^xK`# x~tOK|_*x `Q` ~_ J~#\ D r=x

=Y=# D s~= H-J#u ~OQ =\=\H =<~.
`<~. J\ ~HH Q ^= XHC_ XHqÔQ, =~HC_ a#
qa#=Q LO@<~. J#Q XHC_ ~ O~=h J> LO@<~.
=~HC_ ` O~=h ~OKQ H`q =z K~K<~. W\ J#=O
=#=O^~O `HOQ D HH ^#Ok# rqÒ _ K<O H^! Ja~K,
Ja , #=H = " ^ # q Z \ H C _ =i` , H` q
OKiOKH#@^?
urq \#\#O_ D ^= `lOK J<H H~ K, "\ =#
`# `< `# ~H=# `~KHO@<_. `# Hey# "#=#
Hx^, P ^= =# =iHx "#, P "# =# =~ ~+, ,
H ^ D qÔQ J~\ O= x =@= D O~ ==~=O`
O^K<_.
J~` ~=! "="#\ 'P`^$+K H 'si ^$+K Kz#C_, D |uHL#
F == ==~
H ~ }
O G 81
"iHQx, s~= `lOz# "iHQx (JO^~ `Q K`#" ~=Q H"~

JQ@K) D OK`= ="=, D $+H== <=. J~#\H D
r=# OK Ou `C@^. xk L#@Q qOK@ D [Q`
H "z`=. D '[Q` J# = <@H=O` J<kQ kOz# 'Jq^
K`< #_|_Òk.
'~=` J< ==Ô ''$+ = J< `~OQ =\=\H
|^~K<~. ~<~. WO^ Hx Q}=, H== =#H
J#=O ^$ XH~HOQ LO@<~. Hx "~"~Q LO@<~.
WH, h Z^~Q Hx# D ^$=# =Ô. D '$+ JO` =~z`"
J~#\H, hH ^ H~, PÔ`= #\ nxx < ^$+ iOK Qey#O`
=~ ijeOz <# K#k K`<#. q#.

D "OK# "_ < =k~O_= "xQ Hx<_. JO^

"^\ O_O_ =Ok PH$u#, Ki`# =#. "~O^~ 'P``^` =
^$ HO` JA. WH ^=_="x =O= =`= a#"#k.
q+` _ ZO^~ ", "bH^ [xOK#<~. "i HOî
s~= PH$` ~= L#> LO\~. =iHOî ^ = "~ "~ Q LO\~.
ZO^~O^~ =#+, ^=`, ^=~ "^#"~O` W`~O Q<
XHHO [xOz, XH =O rqOK#<~. D =~=# | QO Wk
_|k ~O_= ``QO.W\ | Q= W` ~O Z< Q_z~.
WOH Z< Q_z#<~. h=, <# _ ZC_ ~HO L#> WC_
_ LO@<O. =#` =~O^~ H` "~ _ =z K~K<~. WÔ` <#
èH< L<#.
XH<H H==# J#iOz D "=xH Wk ^= J=`~O. " "b
=He" =#O J<H~ \O. =# K=Ok =^ =^ q_q_Q
@@O [iyOk. =#" H^. `k`~ *#, J*# _ W\"Q J<H
s~=` K~ [xOz<~. D "_ < ^$+Ô =O^ "#O`
=~ K_Q =~H Zxqk ~ [xOK#<~. W`_ '=~`= J#
Wu=# Zxqk ~ "=K<~. "#H\ Q< =~ "^=#
qlOz ~` =O=# Q Hi `~. P `~"`, |^=_ q^=_
H`<~.
82
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
J~` W`_ W\H r=#_. L`"`="# =<xQO H"_. Q
O`_. '"= J##k U=Ò J`x O^ ^. JOH~ ==H~
=. JO^K`< H~`_ K=Q "QO^ K<~.
F ~=KO^! D r=O^~ ''Q=, |O^=, P~O, Ò,
q^, *#O "^#=h =OQ HiOz XHC_ W\Q LO@<~. =~HC_
W\ LO_~. W=h ZC_ =#OQ LO_@ ^. WOHHC_ Hx $+ =~
g~ W> LO@<~. J~`, WÔ` = =! nxHO`\ H JO`= LO_^x
_ J#=K. H=@O HO ^#~tx XHK@ =#H. Hez# `~"` P
yO[ XH f~Q He LO\? D } _ a#a# $+ a#a#OQ
LO@ LO\~. =Ôx `~OQ Q=xOK"? J=h XHC_ XHqÔQ
=~HC_ =~HqÔQ LO\~H^! U `~OQO U h~, Uk U h~ H^ K@O
Z=i `~O? 'H= J< ==Ôx D $+ `~OQ _ JO`. XHC_
XH ~OQ#, =~HC_ =~H ~OQ# î`=` LO\~.

J~`, `` *x ^$+ J*# i`=Q D qH=h H L<~.

D $+ `~OQh K#\H, J`x JO`~OQ= =Ò U=Ò `_@ ^.
J`_ `# [ ^=Q O``# H=@ ^. =Q ~| ~_
J~=# D r=x ^$+ ==~}O `Q#O` HO =`" D $+ ~O~h
=i#@ `~. ""xH W`_ ~=O` u JQ P` ~=Q Hey
L<_. ~=` ==Q JYO_ `_ J<_. ==~}= `y#C_
W`_ |~=Q< +OKK, |=Q< "QO^K<_.
''r=#H`= J##k Z\ aOk? `` *#= H " H^! =# D
"==x J\ ``*# =# O^ L<~.
WH_ =#O =^=< ^$OÒQ fHOÔ. =Ô `~OQ= L#
=O#, `~OQ= x =O _ JOê [= [=Q< LO@Ok
H^! J^ qÔQ [# q^=<, H ^=< XH>. D ~O_\ H
^"g LO_^. J '=H JO> Uq\? r=_ q+= (^$ WOk
==~=) n#_ HH=@ H^! Jk ^"` U=#k? q^"`
U=#k? q+=# q+=Q QOKx "xH WH 'Q= J< J#="
kOK^ H^! q+ Q= O|OkOz# =# L#K@ =`" ''D u
x~}u HO> "#k J< H H J=HO LO@Ok. 'r=#H`= J# u
O^ q+Q =# K> LO_^. H|\ Jk _ x~}=H =O\^.
F == ==~
H ~ }
O G 83
WC_ ", H^= r=#H q^= q+xH =Ô. r=#_Q

D "xQx, H =~Hix Qx, ''=\O_ =G= =O\ ^~=# Kz#@
=`" (D uH ^$+ L#C_) =#O K_@O [~QÒk. Wk JÒ` iq`" #
^$+ =`". J`x PO`~OyH u Z\^, J`_ D ^$=#, [Q`# Z\ ^$+`
îOKK<_ uH ^$+ =Ò K` =#O QiOKQ=? ^. JO^K` Lkx
J#iOz XHx *#O HOK@O Ô H^.
''^ ~#\ x~}=, r=# ^"g LO_^ Jx =~
H\ <#. Qe gz<, gKH~< Qe QH^! J L< < h~ h~
H^! J> WO^ OÔK=#Ô@ Ug ^.
< H, D " Q"#x H H = D ^ q^ =
#O H< H^. = W~=i L`= H = _ ^ ` UH`~`=Q D
r"` ~=` J^= H SH` J~=#k. J#Q ''r=_ ~=` Jx
x~OK@H uOKK<=. ZO^HO>, L# `= J^ H#H.
WH =#O ` q+xH =<O. === ^` `` *< ^=#
^_=# f~ QiOz WC_ qKiOK`<O. D < =K#= H
H}H~H=, J*#=#, JO^`=# ~^QH! ~^, ~", ~`
"K# P``` = =} +}OQ H\ OK|_ QH.

3. ~+ `=
F ~#O^<! D [Q` Z=iH<, U ="< aOKO> ~+H~"
(Effort) LO H^! ~+H~O O> ZH_ Un [~Q^. OK^. PHO
P KO^x K_. J`_ H= P#O^=# ''j``= iOK@ J# H

K`< kOKQQK<_ H^!
''iO^ ~^=, <-#` (IV-9)
U e`"< ~+ Ò K`< aOk Hx, =i ^x K`# H^. J^

qÔQ ~+H~= K`< r=# *#O OKK#k. J\ *#= =< H=
H^k `=# #tO* 'r=#H _ aOKK#k.
~+H~= H ~" 'H~. J\ H~ H ~=#OQ< XH_ XH K@
#O_ =~H K@H "@O, lOK@O, H"#H#k K_@O "^# ^#Ok#
HH H# _ x~iOKQQK<_. Wk JOkiH x`#=" H^!
84
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
J~` J<H q+ zO`#K "`#"~, =O^|k H"~ =Ò ''P
! =^=#k? JO` ^== H J^$+= H Jn#=< L#k Jx KCHO@
`=# `" =^~OKHO@<~.
~+O O^=` ^$+O `H`#`
''HeÒ "`-=O^ ^=O HOz` # q^` (IV-10)
<< ~=! D ^==, J^$+= J##q =_, "` JQ

[#H~H HeOK|_#q =`". ""xH, Jq `Q =.
=i D OK#q, H#|_K#q U=O\"? WÔ` _ W` ~
~+H~" (essence of past efforts) D qÔQ r=# <~. W`~
`= J\ =O J`x@ Hey LO@<~.
J~`, = ^$+ '~+H~O J#Q, ... ^ ~+ L^#~OQ
=##, "#, H=# xqOz K|_ `" J~ L#k. *#=
H~H J@ x~iOK|_ `" r=x *xQ fik^Òk.
P qÔQ HO_, WOk#OQ =`" =iOKK ''<# O^<
J#HO@<#. Hx, kOKH`<#. J~<, = = ZH_Òk? ^="
kOKe Jx J#Hx =Q~K ~O> O Uq LO@Ok?
=O^Q h= Uq kOK^KH<", +OQ x~~OKH. WC_, ~#
J=Q#` H"# (G=K K|_#) Ò K~. Z=_ Uk H~HO\_
J^x H~ G=K L^t OK|_# =~= # J#i, =^ `# `=#
q~qOK O_ Ò H#y_, J\" _ P H =# ` H kOz f~`_.
H|\ ~=! =#=_ `# rq` H =# =O^Q ^$_HiOKHx, P G
=`" # x[=~O Ò K e. JO`Hx, U^ HO` Ò K, =iHO`
ZH_ ^$+ \, =^ `# `< *e_` Oy=@O, = LÔ, J~O
L# x H^.
F ~"! XH<H_ WO^ ^qx Ok uHkÒ =<_. J`_
Jk Z\ O^QeQ_? ^=O kOK_? ^. `# |"# ~+H~=
(Intensified effort) K`< P`_ ^xx kOK_. =~H r=_ ~+ ` e ÒQ<
| ^q x JOHi< _. WOHH_ H "# f= Ò K`< q+^ = _ _.
"~H_ x[` jÒK KO^Y~_ Hyix =#O K<_. WO^
'^== J# ^xH ` ZH_#k?

F == ==~
H ~ }
O G 85
D ~+ H~= (`=) J<k ~O_ q^Q LO\Ok-

1. H#= W`~O K# `= (Past deeds / efforts made in the
Past)
2. P^`#= =~=# `= (Present deeds / efforts)

D ~O_O\ "^\ ^#\ 'H# ~+H~=# '^== H 'J^$+= Jx
[# <~. J~` W\ `= W`~ H H
==# [~Oz"Q=. WO^ U=`= OÔ ^. O>,
= `= QiOz, ^# QiOz, L# QiOz ZO^
k~?
H# ~+ `= ==< 'O~= H '"# Jx _
JO@<~.
`=k ^$_ *` =x`
"~"- xw~O`! H=H~+ H^ ? (IV-18)
`=- ^$_"# J= H"~, L`=O` J~#\ "~, "~

~`<< ~,...qOy r~O KHQ~. WH "iH D ^==, J^$+= J##q XH
Hxq H=.
zÒQ uOK@" LzÒ. 'zÒ JO> Uq\? J#=AQ
^ ~ #`# ^$+ @Hx, `= J#==O` ~OQiOz ''Wk W@
J#iOK|_QH! D q^=# qk q^#= x~iOK|_QH! W@ [#
K O_^~ QH Jx K #^ ''#Ò JO@<O. "\x H;|k` Q Oz
~ Ô JqÔQ PKiOK@" =Oz^x = LÔ. J@ HO_,
z`= # Pn#, q+ `=K K ` J#~^ HO, =~O J=`~.
G q`"# `=# =ê ^KQ OKiOK"xH Hx ~A ~O_K`
Zu #=iOK@O _ H+`~O HQ^. `= ~+ `=# `lOzO_
=O^Q# H_HeQ^=~? F ~=! D OKO J*#O, îHO
Ò_qOK\xH H~}O [O` `y#O` `j~ HH=@". `j_
`# =$^_ JQ@HH, `# L#K@, `# K@H _ =$kK
xO"Q_. J`xH D ^~}=O_=O` XH Hx^ H^. `j_x

uH~} kQ (=<"H= UH` =K) x~iOK|_#k =`" ~+H~=x, ^= x
=+=i JaO.
86
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
J`x H = #O_ ^~O K QeQ k J`x '' `~`= XH> H=K<" Hx,
=iOHn H^.

4. =~=# ~+ `= (P^`# ~+H~O)

F ~~=! JO`~OQ=#O^ ''=$u ~ =~# H JO`s#
H~}O. J\ =$u G qkx, ^# J#iOz P [#= kH
H~}=QK#k.
=# "OK` K ^GO # H~},
^` =`b! "h<~ ^h II (V-2)
''=#` H~H=@O, Hx Gqkx J#iOz Ò KH=@O

Wn, r=xH ^~QO. Wk L#` H_QH =~q\? nx=# UO [#O
kOk KC? K Pk "H~}" J=Òk. Z=_ Z@ uOKK<_,
"_ J\ H~< O^K<_. ^=H$Ò H J^$+O ^xH "~ qÔQ LO_@O ^.
D H~ ~O_ q^Q K|_Òk.
1. z`"# H~. 2. G q~^=# H~.
z`" # q ~= ~= H~ , G q~^= # q J#~= H~ =i < ~.
J~` XH_ ''<# D q^=Q =iOKO_^# QH! Jx J#O\_.
(L^~} W`~ # ^+OK@, ^~ = P~OK@, ^~Q O+OK@,
f==Q "OzOK@, n~=Q ^dOK@, x~}=Q _@ "^#q
JO`~OQ H =$`). Hx, `# J#H#^xH "~Q, |=O`=Q
xqOK|_# ^x=, ZO^ =i<_? ZO^K`< K`# q#.
u O^~=# D =#Ax W`~ s~H-=#H H`=,
W\ `= x~O`~O ~O_ "H `= \_K<~. D H#
P^`# `= Uk |=`~"#^` Jk [~Ok. XH", =~=#

}` qKOu }O <KOu =#= I
# qKOu O ~Ou `` II
D =#=_ } O J~#\ Y, O` H~HO@<_. Hx }H~ O^ `j_
JQ@ ^. "# ^M^ H~H_. Hx, `~HOQ H~O^ u Hey LO\_.
Uq ^~QO!
F == ==~
H ~ }
O G 87
^H<, s~H-=#H `=H< W`~ H JkH|= Hey

LO>, JC_`_ J~+_#\H |=`~=Q J\ H~O^ ( OH=O^ / H
`=O^) "tOK@O [~QÒk.
JO^K` ~=KO^! =#=_ Gqkx J#iOz `~ O|OkOz#
`=# Z\HC_ JkHO KH"e. H=OQ J\ `~ |=`~"
L`= O~=Q ~kÔ\~. J\ O~O q"H=# x^~, ^
`=Q P`== H g`# kOk.
XH" , J\ H ~ PKiOK\xH `= K # C_ U"< J"O`~
=<#H, ''W=h W`~ < ^+~ |`" Jx QOK|_QH J\
==O^ `=# q_<__^. ` Jkq J~< ~
^$_OQ H~=Q H~< P~OKe. #Y=QK# W`~
J=OQ H ~ = Q H ~ ==# (^ + O ~ = # H " # #)
[~Oz" e. J}z" e. JO^H F~ (uuH) , @^ J=~" <~. ''qk
|b" < K` W\ ^~ K~Ok J# ~=` =~ =~ ` Z`
=~==# =~=# `=K J}Q`H"e.
`H=Q Z^~Q L# P^`# H~#, "\ [#=# Q=xOKO_
''U^ H ==# xyOk. H xs~# KOk Jx #="_ Ku L#
=# =ê, PH=" K P PHO #O_ U^< =^~ ^~=
a O ^ " #x Z^ ~ K K " _ JQ K <_ . J\ n< # K H e Q
[#"=#k?JO^K` ~=! W`~O PiOKHx# =<^+=
iOz=~ z`"# `~# ~}"_=O^.
F ~"! W`~ JH~ W\ `=K [~OK |_`~.
J#^x h= U=Ò OÔK=# x^. [# W\ =`[x=
^K ~= ^+=# iiOKH=@O ^? W^ =# x^~#O. H|\ h=
`=` _#"_" LO_. `^~ x# qÒ K # J J^$+= #
^ ~ O Q < \ " ~ . O ~ = #O_ x# ` i O * Q = ^ = = #
OkOK\xH uOK. `#_ Q_^` =#O. J`_ W=#O^
L`="#^n kOK_. WH ~=^=# O^ J=H"H_? #~O
uOK"_ W ~= ~O_O\x Ô KH QQK<_.

== : H=H^^ `lOz, O`= =OK@ ^== : WOk=# xQ OK@.
88
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
O~~^x~O`=O O|` I
~+O `=t` i}"iO[~` II (V-15)
F [#~! O= `# O*` O[~=# kOz "=_#@ g~ D

O~ O[~= #O_ "=_@H zOKO_. JO^H~H ~+ `=#
P~OK@ g Ô. J^ g `H} H~=O. ZO^HO\~? D s~O
~OQ HHO LO_k H^x g JOîH ` H^! nx J~`=# ^$+
@Hx g~ qK~}j~ H"e. <#~! `=Q =_` =# `lOKO_.
^ [# OQ` =#, KG=# P~, g g `=# ^$_` O K O_.
DQ ~ "e, JH_ p=<` ~ `QK O`+_ #@ g~ q+ =Q
Q$ J#<^ H~H =`~"# =#=[## =$^ KHHO_. Jk LzÒ
H^.

H~ =# O K~Òk. JH~ =# JO Ok. WH

WO^ '^== H 'J^$+= J#|_ =_= Ò` == J=H"H_?
'`H=Q L#^xx =ê\ 'J#=#=# =}OQ HiOK"_ XH<H
~A# `# K` # KKHx, '= Jx qOz =` @"O@ ~ Q `=
=Ok. 'J^$+" ## D xH ~=~OKK#k Jx `K"i =Y=# Kz
H _ q=YÒ KÒk.
JO^K` =#A_ `# ~+H~ |OK` "@"^@ ^# K`+ Oux
=~H"e. q"H=# xtÒ KH"e. P`*#=# ukOK
=~~H"# G=# qKiOKe. ''<# L` $+` Oê J< H =#
(P=#) HeyO__ HO^~ JO^ J#"# G q`=#
`=# P~OK@^. J\"i P= J~O Uq LO@Ok? ''P!
Uq `=? ZO`x uOKe? D `~ ==~=# JO` ZH_?
Jx `z ``~O K~^. J`~ H~^. ~u #O_ ~Ò Z =Ok?
`=x "_ Uk =Ò Z\ O^`_?
Kk`"# Ò Z#\H =~O H^. ''=\ Hn O_, ^~= Hn
=G=, O_ Hn ~> a~ J##k JOîH èO^ H^! J^qÔQ
~~= # J#iOK [#= _ LO_@O [~QÒk. K# `=#

''^# K` +
Ou JO> Uq\ D H~ } O< =O^=O^ q=~OQ K =K<~.
F == ==~
H ~ }
O G 89
|> e`= k<~. O #O_ =\=\H, JkHOQ P~OK|_K#

ÒQ=, G K~, "# J= W=h H =# ^$_`~O, +O
K<~. ''L`= *#= H~, `^#"# `=# K^# QH! J#
OH= ~ k^ O\Ok. J@ P~OKK# `" =#=# J" "#
=# kOk.
D qÔQ `H=, J#`=, ^$+=, G =`= J~#
`=# P~OKe. J@ KO_ ''^== <@ ^ JO^H <# L`=
`"n KH`<# Jx `K =_[# *# ^$+ r=# $`.
zÒ Uq@O>, J<H J=H= # `" # , L`= "# D =#=[# Ok_
J< U L`= `=# P~OK O_ ~A Q_ " < ~. J#~ `=Q
=i`#" H`, Q O_`_ ^#=O`_ J=x"_ Z=_O\_? =i`#=
=< D ^~=O_=O` J<H=Ok =~`#, î^`#, #~ =`#
xO_ L#^x < JxOk. |^H=, =i`#= `lOz# "iH L`= ==
_Òk.

F ~~=! KG qkx J#iOz, ÒQj_ ^K~ ~HOQ

x~OK|_# H~ O~OQ ^=Òk. O> L`="# [#O
aOK@^. ~+ `= H, H~H ~ == J\q. W^ H~
Ô`=. nxx QOz KiOK =#A_ Z#\H q_ H_. iO^_
"^# J<H=Ok L`= J<H ^Y î^= O^K#C_ _ `=
~+H~=#, `=# `lOK^. JO^K`< "~ WO^` J~.
g sQ J<H=Ok KH=~ Ki` W\".
Q` -q~`He` Ho,
^~O_=O_`= $u `` I
ÒQ" ^^~q^|k
~#~ Q}^+ qK~}x II (V-31)
F [#~! XHi D =` rq`=# iH~z K_O_. =O` Ju

KOK"# ===`, He` H_` Q_zÒk. L`= H~K~}O OQ
J=_ J=H=# = =~Ò`, J*#O` =$^ J=Òk. D O
^=#, L`= J= P~OK|_@ ^. h "iH L`= =~=#
KQ q |k H"i + (teachers and education - system) aO^?
90
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
^. aOz<, J< q#@ ^. rq`= H L`= H =#
QOKH`<~. ~, O Q_z~# `~"`, WH ``~O K~^.
=#=#O_ ''Wk x`= Wk Jx`= Jx qK~} K e. J\ q"H= #
JkHO KQ Q}=# J=~KH"e. ÒQO H~ Ò Ke.
^Q uOz#C_ aOKxÔ@ Uq LO@Ok?
Z\HC_ Q} ^+=# sHOKHO@, `y# zH` ~H"#
` =# P ~ OKe. JO` Q x, ~ ^+ = ZOK K , HO
=$^~KH~^.
O ="#k. P ~A KeOK|_Ok.

("^\~A qK~} i J~Ok)

F == ==~
H ~ }
O G 91
~O_= ~A
5. `= H~k
N =+ =i : F ~=KO^! F a~! x#\~A =#O qKiOz#Ô`
=##=K QOK~ H^! x# KCH#@ ''W` ~ `~=# H~
J##q HO_ ''J^$+= J#|_ WOHH == Un ^ . H#H J\ J^$+= ##k
^~OQ <\ "|_QH. ''=#=_ ÔQO, KGO, qK~}# P~Oz,
`= ^~ P` =^~} #_O H\e Jx Q~ K ~O_= ~A
qK~} ~Oa<#. `" Jx\H< =Y"#k.
''^ ^ ` `, "^ O `^ I
Wu ~+"= J, '^=" J `^=K II (VI-2)
K `=# |> e`= LO@<~. 'J^$+= J##k _

~+H~=# J#iOK LO\Ok.
D ^Y= O^K#C_ ''! `qn! ZO` H+O JO@ LO\~.
U^< O`+H~ " # q+ O O z#C_ ''F! ZO`\ J^$+O ! Jx K<~.
"~ J@ '`qk Jx, 'J^$+= Jx OkOK#k ~H H ~[#
~+ `=< J~ L#@ "= Q<O. JO> '^== H J^$+=
J# ^= ~+H~=< (~+ `=<) z<~. H# H~
HO_ "~Q r=x xqOKQ ^== J##k ^. ZO^HO\"? U qÔQ
J~` |_Q ~+_ XH x z\H =~KHQ_, J^ qÔQ
`j_#"_ J<OQ 'J^$+= J#^xx =~KH QQK<_.
XH_ `# K# J H~# t` H~K =Q =~HO@<_
H^! J^ qÔQ ~H~ ^+=# =~=# L`= `=K Ò_
Ô KH=K. J@HO_ J q+= @ =# Ok, ''^==
J#^xx [~OK@ uOKO_, J^xH |_ LO_"~ = LÔ
n#, =_.
ZC_< =~=# ~+ Ò q=Ò> JC_, =#O x#\~A
KCH#@, W`~ '=uiH ~+H~O |OQ L#^x QOKe. WH WC_
Gqkx, ^# P~Oz `= Lz`", L`=" k=~<
92
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
~HOQ x~~OKH"e. =~ =~ `j_ H"e. XH Qux ~O_
O_ XH\ uQ =~H\ Q LO>, WO^ P H H W`~
H~K~}" H~}O Jx QOK> LzÒ Hx, ^== PkOK@ LzÒ H^.
ZO^HO> ~H, JH~, JH JQ ~=` H~^+O Z JO@Q@QO?
=^=Q ^~= HO O^`#C_ _ ''Wk H H~ H
~+H~" Jx QOK|_QH. D [Q`x u Ja=H= "#H `j`"
JO`s#OQ LO_ L#k. ur=x O^ u H}O H# P^`# ~+H~=
XH^x` =~H\ O~} _KO_Q JO^ JkH"# |=Qk QOk.
''XH<H ~[O ~[=OO #tOzOk. JH_ =Ou=~ `= ~A#
x~~OKH= =zOk. "~ XH "# ~A# XH U#Q# JOHiOK~. ^x
Ò_=# XH = JOkOz ~[gk =k~. J<H ^= #O_
Ò_Ò_=Q =z# [# P gk QqQ_ L<~. P U#Q XH<H
aHx "_ P Ô_# " ~AQ KOk. P aH_ KHO ~[O eOK_.
D O@# _ ''JO` ^=" K_ J#@O =O H^. WO^ =O`
H, ~ H, U#QH, ~[#= H `j`" (~+H~")
J\ O@# H~}"#k. "i =<a|k, JO^ O|OkOz# `"
aHx ~AQ KOk. WH, aH_ JO` =O^ K# `=# =#O
K_O H#H ''Wk ^== K_ J< ^QO K@O [~QÒk. JO`Hx
D O@# '^== ZH_ #k?

XH<H_ U^< kOK@ =~_ JQK#C_ J`x `= ^$+=

H=K. H Z^~Q HO\H H#|_H=@K 'J^$+= H=K. Hx =~H_ J\
=~` "#H L# `j`=# Q=xOK_. H#H ''WÔ` ^=" J`xH
kOzOk Jx qOz T~@ KO^K<_. J~` J\ JaO *# ^$+
=~=Q JaO =`". D OKO =# XH =~_# =H HO> WOH
JkH"# =~`Q =H `~_K<_ H^! P Ô ZH_ #O_ =Ok? P
~ O_="_ JkH" # Ò K
O_@ K`< . H|\ '=~` J##k J^$#~O
LO_k H^x, `= JkH=# |\ OK^#x èÒk.
D =~= #=#O^ P~OK|_ `=K W`~ ^+~ O~=#
[~Oz"=K#x J#<O H^! J~`, =~=# `=# W`
~ J `= (H~) PH~} F_OKO_ KKH"e. L`==Q
F == ==~
H ~ }
O G 93
H =#O_ KeOKx"_ q[=# O^K<_.

ZC_< ~, D H# =~=# ~+H~= ~O_\ SH (=~=#)
~+H~" JkH |"#kQ qOKe. D SH ~+H~O WC_ =# Ku
L#k. ''Ò K@K <# H#=# [~Oz "Q# J# #=HO Hey
LO_e. `#, Q~=, G= q=, #=H= (faith and confidence) Hey
LO_e. ''J! <<q KQ#? <# XH =#=}. Wk WO`. Z=~
=#= nxx JkQqOKQ~. = =O\ == =#+ =# U=Òk?
W@=O\ ^~=# == HeyO_, J`j~ LO_"iH
kH~=QQH!
F ~"O^! XH ~`# Q=xOK. P`_ O=`~=O` H+_ O__.
XHHi XH ~A =z# `# `H_H KuH =z# O@ JO` ^| uO@Ok.
J`_ Hk H} x~`~_`_. J~` J\ x~`=#O^ H$Oy~
T~O@<_? ^. =~ ''q` ZH_? <Qe ZH_? JO@ # `j_
=Oz O@# k<_. =~= H ~~= =# ^|u# P ~` H"#
~~=K uiy OAHO@<_. ur=_ WOê ~=# QOKe. JkH
Ò K"_ q[O `H k_.

J^ qÔQ XH "~_ H+_ PiOz# q`=O` #+~#C_ _

UO K<_? uiy uOz = PiOK\xH #_O H@K<_ H^! J@
uOK@ LzÒ. J\HO_, ^dOKK HO Q_@O, `=#
`lOK@O Lz`"\ J=`~?
J#=Hx K@, KHey#^g xK@ ^dOK@O J#=~O, x+[#O
_. J@ ^dOK `KHO> Jx"~"# =$`= QiOz =##O K u ~A
HO` F = ~x ^dOKe. J\ K<=? ^ H^! H|\ W\HC_
Uk K" ^xx QiOz qKiOK@O JÒ. KHey#\ L`= `=#H
"`H, J^xx qk q^#=Q, ^`, ^=Q#` x~iOK@ =#O Ò
K=#k.

1. H#= W`~O K# `= (Past deeds /efforts made in the past)

2. P^`#= =~=# `= (Present deeds / efforts)
94
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
6. ^= ~} ~~=
D [Q`x ^~h ^ H H ^== Hx J#iOz
HtOKK<~. g@x\ JkH `je J~#" [~#k. =#=_ ~^
~+ |=< P~OKeQx, èx ^=O ~O" J`j_Q@
LzÒH^. ^ OQÒ, G qK~} P~Oz =O^Q z`kx OkOKe.
z`k OK` ^~~"# O~ Q~=# ^\"e.
D ''H#SH ~+H~= J< =$H |"# =$HO |#"#
^xx H"Ok. =#=_#"_ x[`=K H# H~# J}Q`H"e.
Z=_` J@ K_, J\ "xH `# Y ^Y= ~O_\ O^# Ò`=
LO_^. x[`=# |=`~O Kx `_Q r=_ D~ i`_
~ #~H= "o = LO\_Qx, Ò`_ H_. J\"_ ~^ ~n#_.
WH '"H= J# =@ ZH_k? ^K~ O#_, `j_ JQ"_ =`"
D '[Q< J< O[~=# KkOz |@ ~QQK<_. J`xH `# L^~=,
K=`~= J~#\ H `" `_Q xz |O^q=Hx kOKK#k.
Ht<O ~~`=" W`#~ H<
` ^$+=`$[ #`*- ^~`-^= II (VI-29)
Z=~` Z^~Q (^$+") HxOKK#\ ~+`=#, ^x H

[#=# QiOKH, ''## Z=~ ZH_#O_ ~<~. H < `=
#O_ ## x~k<~. JO^K`< <# W@ JQK<# Jx `KK, H#
KHO@, H k O_ J`j~ LO\~, J\"ix ^~OQ `lOK@O
=Ozk.
" " ==~ u ~A D r=x =H=# =<~. `<~.
"\O^ ~Q^ HeyO_O_ #~O PKiOK@" L`=O.
#~OQ H#OQ H~# ~HOKH#"x =^, ~`h
=ÔH =z K~K#@, L`= Q}=, Jc+ ^ =z K~K<~.
U `=` Y^H=, ^Yx=$uH~= LO@<, J\ `=<
qA# ^ ''~+= Jx x~~<~. G q`=# J\ `=
''~~= J# [#=# HQK<~. W\ H~H ~=# (H~
Ô`=#) QOz#\ |k=O`Q"~ T~H HO =$^K~. "iH ''J!
O ^? ^? J# ~=Q = XH H xq H=. `=#
J#iOK [#= LO@O^x "iH `. JO^K`< "~ Q~=,
F == ==~
H ~ }
O G 95
^#=, ^ OQO, =}=, ~H~= "^# `=K, `=

z`=# ^+~Ò KHO@<~. `^~ P`^~}=# kOKK,
~=, ~~= J~#\ ''P`#== J# ~~=# H=OQ
O^K<~. Jx~Kh=Q O``=# J=î<~. H#H F ~=! h=
~ q^=# HH ~ HH `=h ''z`kx O^^# QH J#
H =` Ke Hx, =iOHO^ H^.
<<! ~ "! D ^ ` "+ = =O` J*#=K`< Ok. J\ "+ = =#
x=$uO K, '=`#O^= J# ^xx OkOK#^ ''~~O Jx ^
< ~. J\ JYO_#O^" r=x H = H"e. Jk O K G=#,
^=#, `~# Z" qOKe.

H#H~ ~H= (In the past births) J#qOKQ qye#^ =#` D

HxH =z =# D =~=# J#== H~}=QK#k. ^x< [# '^==
Jx <~. ''O`= (Wk H+= Wk Y= J# =# Ou H|\
=+ =i P J#==# 'O`= Jx =i<~), ''J^$+= (Z^~Q
H#|_#k H^ H|\) J~#\ H# H~# L^tOz ''J! ^==! Wk
W@QK#^q\? J##\ "H=K HO` T~@ KO^K<~. "ix J> O^h,
"ix, <<g J#@^. Hh, =~=#Ox ~+H~=# `lOz, =_K
HeOK|_# ''J^$+=# P~OK"ix =`" <# t<#. J\ J^$+=
ZH_ L#k? ZH_ #O_ aOk? J^$+=# #q LO_#\ x+ H=
" xOKK<~x Q~K<#. ZO^K`#O\"? x[ ~+|= K`<
H = K~KO_Q, J\ `= q+O J^ HeyO_@
Lz`= Z\ J=Òk? =~=# `~=, t` H~ =Q =i
q+`#O^ # HQK<~.
JO^K`< F ~=! D r=_ H~j_ H"e. |^H=#, J^# `lOKe.
J`_ H"# ~+ H~=K` H~H# =# J~Kux LiHH=
`HO KHQ_. =__#"_ =`" `H=# i`lOz 'J^$+= J#
"=#O^ x=Q_QK<_. F ! ~=KO^! D H~H~}=
O|OkOz# = O=# H H@. hH z`=$u |OK` He`=,
q^ J~#\ '^== J# ^xx JHOK@O =x"~. ~+H~=# (H
`=#) P~Oz L^~} O^^=QH!

96
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
D r=_ z`k Ok` JO` +" J=Òk. J~` z`k aOK^\?
*#= =#<. r=x =îOKQ L`"`=*#O (P`*#O) aOKO>,
'"^= "^# G=K`#, `~+ PK~} K`#, "iK kO|_K#
=K#= K`< Ô. J\Q, ^H=# J#iOz K|_ ^~=#
PKiOKe. Jx "# $Ô ''z`k *#= J< =^~ =#
Lù KQey#\ L=H~ J<+OKe. J\ x~O`~ `=#
P~OKe. JO^H~H 'f"K HeyO_e.
F ~=! XH_ H#H ''z`k *#= O^=## f"K Hey LO>,
`^#"# ^#=, `= "@O`@ J" =~`~. JC_ J\
`jxO^ iOK H~H= ==~" ''~+= Jx K|_Òk.
=^ g~_ \ Q"O> |=, èq ~O_ H"e H^! J> r=_
_ =# [~OKO> ''L`= `=K (`, ^#=, HH~=Q
H~, <=~} "^#q) O^|_Q ''z`k : ^~=, G qK~},
=Q qKiOK@ "^# "\K q"H= qHOKQ O^|_Q ''*#=
D ~O_O\x OkOKH"e.
H#H F ~=KO^! =#=_#"_ "@"^@ |k|O` ~+H~=#
P~Oz, ~", ~q^= uOK@ LzÒ. JC_ =#= [#
~H = Òk. P `~ "`, G=#, ^ =#, O_` # qOz P `=#
O KH=@" H~="#k.
=`Q q"Hj~ ^==~+H~= D ~O_\ H ||=#
KHQ qKiOz, i^"# H =` =~=# `=# LìÒ
K HO@<~. JO^H "~ rqOz L#O^ L`= "# [#=# O^K<~.
H#H, h= _ *# q`"#\ =} =#<^# P~OK. ~^ P`^~}
"#H }OK^= QH!
qH"#\ SH (Present) ~+H~=< H~k H LOQ r=_
ZOKH"e. P`*#Q O_` L<~. "ix, "~ KC^xx LH ~A
Q_@O LzÒH^. "ix qOKK `` q"H ~=Q *#=# Ok,
`~K~} [## =~}~=Q 'O~= J# ~Q= #O_ q= JQ@
uOK^~ QH Oux, =`==# O^^~QH!

J\Q r, ==^, |^_, Q~<#H "^# =HK kO|_# QO^ K` _.

F == ==~
H ~ }
O G 97
7. x[` ^#O
F~! =#=_! h= D L`="# Lkx O^=. x`x`=# qKiOz
QOKQeQ H;|kx_ Ok L<=. ([O`= |k` e#C_ =#=x
|k xt`"#^ H^!) J<H L= J=H"# D rq`=#
=~~KH=@O `y# <<? H|\ ^_", ~=Q PÒ^
=^#=# O^ H =` ==iOKe. D ^+ O~ ==~=#
JO`~OQ= #O_ `yOz"~.
'~+H~=K 'J^$+=# x"iO uOK"xH W~H=
~ O_\ O^ Jc+ k Ok. J@HH, J^$+= # #q J ` ~ LO_"~
` = `" ` = Q K <~ . ` = H ^ ~ ~ H==# `"
#tOKHO@<~. WH "H= q+" "~ K^=#k?
~+= H ~= =_-
1. ~~=# kOK=## 'WK.
2. H~Ok= =$u
3. `` *# qH=
D =_, XH^xH =~H\ '`_ JQK L`= =# O K<~.
=##O^ Z\ q+ = iO ^, z`= _ J\ PH~=< ^@ [~QÒk.
J\ z`= #O_ WOk= `= |~` = `<~. XH_ `# =#O_
UU q+= QiOz UU `= K_ e`= _ P `=|>
LO@<~. WH '^== J#^xH "~ K>H_? JO^K`< '~+= J##k
~=# =H~}" L#^x "= ÔfHiOK@O [~QÒk.
F ~"! `= ~+H~= K`< Z=~< U^< D [Q` O^QQK<~.
~+H~= =#< |$u ^=` Q~= J_. J> HK~_ ~H
PK~_ "K<_. =#+ _ HO^~ J<H ^#, î^=K
_O|_K _, L`= ~+H~=# P~Oz#"~ WO^=#QK<~.
J^qÔQ '#+_ "^# =iHO^~ J<H O^` Q=` ``QK,
`= `= ^+=K #~H=# e~. Z^~Q L# D OK=<
K_. WH_ r= ""Q Oq # P^ #, ^~ # `= ~+ `=
K`< JkQqOKK<~ H^!
G= ZO^H~ ~zOK|_~? ''J =~=# xOK z`=
~`=K =~=# =~eOK|_QH Jx ukOz, =#=x
98
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
KHk^@H H^! Jq H=OQ J=Q# KH|_QH! PKiOK|_QH! Q~[#
_ =#=, ''<#~! ^H=, J#H~=, L`= ^=
J# D D H==~=# ^suQ `~HOQ PKiOKO_ J<
L^t<~. JO`Qh, ''^=" Jh W_. g~ W+O =z#@ uxu~QO_ ..
Jx K@O ^!
''<# U suQ u<<, = _ P suQ< <~. JO^K`
<# < `=< ~# =~O xqOK^# QH Jx =#=_ qOKe.
ZC_` J`_ J\ k=~ K_, JC_ `# ^== =#<, J^$+= =#<,
W`~ =#< J= <x J#H=@O, "=@O [~QÒ^x =
JaO. J`_ J<H~ ''< =~=, `= Z\ L<~? Jx
tOKHO_ ''"i =# <# Wk kOKH# Jx JO@ ~^+}
kQK<_.

~+ |=K`< H~k [~QÒk, J##k xi"Ô=. |k=O`

~+ |=# P~OK `= H~=K J<# qÒ KQQK<~.
J~`, rqÒ J~+" # q, H+" # q Oq # C_ J|k Q"ix F^~@
|k=O`#"~ '^== J< |=# LyOK@O [iyOk. J@ HeOK|_#
'^== J#^x @ q=K (H cuK) L`= H~K~}= x~iOK|_Q, P
t+ L`= |k =x` ~= QOKQ~##^ |k=O` LÔ. Wk
z# =^~`"# `=~# <~@ =O\^. J~` '^== J# |=
Un =Q kOK ^ . ` |=# J# i OK ^ = Q #
`=~#=#O_ B#`=<k aO^x QOK.
''~+H~" =O`=QK#k .... J##k JOîH, Jx" `H#=".
XH_ XH K@ #O_ =~H K\H "O> _ `" ~}=QK#k
H^! lOz#"xH ~z Òk. `$ HQÒk. PHe f~Òk. lOKx"xH
PHe Z f~Òk? #_K"_ "QQ`_. #_=x"_ "^\? =\_"_
KQQK<_. =\_x"_ `# J#H#k Z\ KQQ`_? JO^K`,
~+" [# k^H=QK#^#@ Z=iH, U=Ò OÔ LO_=#
J=~O ^. J<H=Ok ^~~ ~+=# P~OK Q OH@= #O_
q_=_K<~. ''= J^$+= WO` H Jx #q T~H ~<"~ Uq
kOKQ~ KC?
F == ==~
H ~ }
O G 99
F ~=! =~ =~ H\ <#. U =H Z^xH~ ZO`Q u_,

J`_ J^xx JO`=~H J> O^K<_. `+=O =Oz T~< "xH ZH_
Ug kOK@ ^. ~+H~= =#, J ~+H~= J=#
îfOk. H|\ h= ^xx H~HO@<", ^x H~H L`= Ò K~. WH
e`=O\", Jk "#"O@< aOK=K. ^ POQ OK=K. Uk U"<
`= =, J `= J=OQ= =z f~`~. "\x
Z=~ x~kOK~. Wk Ju`"# q^##O.
J~`, ^Hn#OQ ~+|OK a# =< '^==
(Û=" U^` / WO^) Jx JO^~ <~. JO`Hx, '^== J#Q,
H# H#|_x U^ è~xH, H, JH`Q H~}O O_ =iOKk, H,
WOHHK@ ZH_ L#\k J~LO_^.

~+_ D H=#O^ [x<_. ~QK<_. =ê JQK<_. D

qÔ Q , =#, "~H ` H#= O J~#@Q 'J^$+= J##k ` HO Q
aO^? ^H^! H#H = LÔ, H~}" aOK#\ 'J^$+= J##k <
^.
`~+# "~ ''~=~=# kOK `= J#"\< '~+=
J# ~` <~. HH ^$+` Kz#_ _ ~+= H ~+`=
=#< Jc+=h k<~. K`` ==# H^@O, =\_@O, K_@O
W> ~Ok H `= (H) ~+|O K`< [~QK<~. JO`Hx,
^=|OK` H^! J~`, 'J#~ H~= x+[#H~= J~# `=
J\ [#=< HQK<~. J=` _#"\ `= =#
O^^= O@Ok? JO^K`, ` OQ=O^, KG ~=H#=O^ |kx qxy,
P |k xt`=Òk. WC_ '=Q ^=Q#` _# `= K`<
J#H#k aOk.

J*#O K`< "+= ==H~ =$` [x<~. U `=` ''~"+=

==# "Ô@ x=$uOK, JYO_#O^=# O K\xH H~}=
HQ", J\ `= ==< ''~= ~~= Jx `` A < ~.
J\ ~~=# OKQ ^` q"Q `~+#, KG=#,
~}
"_@
O O~|^_ Q =#=# JÒ` P=H" #k. ~=~O JO^" #
100
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
`=~ =$k KO^#H. JC_ `=~ =# ~=~O, ~=~O =# `=~
~~O aOKO\~. J^qÔQ, KG ^ OQ` =# |k, |k
=# KG ^ OQ` a<~. JO^K`, = #O_ "\x
JOKe. "\ =# P JOK"_ `## `# LîOKH#>HH, J<#
`#=< =#`# KQ_. ZO^HO>, J`xH `" K~Òk H^!
F ~=KO^! D O K=O` J^$+= K` #_KK#^x q O |_ O_QH!
Uk ZH_ Z@ [~QK<, ^x "#H `" JO`s#" LO_ LO\O^x <#
x~OÔQ H\ <#. Q=O`_Q q+^=_ x[`= K`< ^+#
tHOK@, t+# ~HOK@ K<_. JO`Hx P# J^$+= H =O^?
H< H^. D [Q` Z=iH< ~+ `" W+kx OKOk. JO^K`
h= ~^ `j_" LO_. ~OH# `lOz U U `= Lz`"
q"H=K qKiOz "\x P~OK. JO`Hx 'H# Kz ''Wk = H^
H^? Jx J#HO@ '^= = J#^x q+ " xx = O^=^. =`~ " #
J=H= L# D rq`= J# ^xx [# xx H#` =$^ KH=@O
`~K [~QK#^x Q~ K<#.

8. J`j_ ^~`
F ~=KO^! ''^== Jx [# ^xx ^$+ @Hx Ok<~
ZO` `~z Kz<, < J~=Q@ ^. ''^=O H ''J^$+O J##k ZH_ L#k?
J^xH PH~=Qx, H~Qx, K#=Qx, ~H==Qx ^? JO^K` Jk
q^*#= K`< P~_" LO\O^x = JaO. ^, W`~ H~ (H
`=) ^H=Q K#C_ ([#`= O^K#C_) ^~
^$+`_# H;|k x [#K ''Wq ^== H K` H^! J# =@K
HeOK|_#^x KH `^. (People who cannot see a little far pacify themselves by
attributing the incidents to the unknown 'DAIVAM' ). OuK `_ #O^ =#
P~OK#@, "~ '^== J# He` ==~= #O^ ^$_ LO@<~.

J~` H# H~ K r=_ ~ ^ q`=QK JÒ`_Q LO_=#^<?

^. XH ^$O`= q#. XH_ HO` K_Q HO` HO ==iOK@O [iyO^#H.
JC_ P`_ t`~=# (J## "H, HqOK "_H#@, JkH"#
F == ==~
H ~ }
O G 101
" H~= JOkOK@ "^#) H~K `# kOz#"i H

#= K~Q#=K# H^! JÒ #Oz `#H `=K ^+i~O
K|_Òk. J> H#H~ (past deeds)K Oz# ^+ O~=#,
"## (H ^+|kx) W\ `=K Ô `H K=K. =~=#
P^`# `~ W`~ ^+=# H#O KQ=. H|\ ~=! h=
~^ `~= K@H uOK^= QH!
HO^~ =~ `H=# H<\ J#=#=# =`" P~ ''^="
JO`\ H H~}O. =K` `~ ZC_ K~OK ^==# `. H#H ""O
KQO? Jx KCHO@ =~=#O L`= `j~ HO_< ~uO|Q
Q_"<~. J\ ^~`, =_ h `~_` ''^=|OK` == Jy Uq
K^ Jx `z JyH ^H=#. X HO_ |@ _Q~" KÔ.
JO^K` ''<# `y#O` `j_# H^ H#H< L`=*#O O^H#
Jx =x+ qOK@O =OzkHx, ''^=O = *#O kOK^ Jx i@Hx
H# K@O LzÒ =Ò H^.
~, ''D OK=# ^=" ~= x~~Ok. K_~x, K|_ *x P
^=" Jx\H H~. WH H~ $`=O@ =~=iH ^ J< J#HOÔ. WH ~+
`"O^? Z=~ ZH_ LO_ h H H^K<~? ''~+`= ^.
^=" L<_ Jx J#H^KHO> WH =#=#, O`Ke`"# P@= `_
Uq LO@Ok? ^=" ~= K#C_ WH #, ^#, [ `^ ZO^
G=K K|_K<~? ^= x~" JO` J~#C_, Ô =Ò
^xH? =#O WC_ D P`qK~} K =Ò Uq [# =O@Ok? D
qK~} L^# =x", HK` QeH =ê ~O> iÒk H^!
P '^==< Jx `= K=x K WH D [## ~+Ò =x
KuH_=O^=? H|\, ^==# ukOz, J`j~ HQ~"ix "=
HxH fH=.
D OKO uXH~ U^ XH Ò K< L<~ XH =O `.
`= =< e`=<k aOk. ''D < è`= J"#"? H
~"` $+"#"? J##k r=_ `# |k` i J~# x~O KH"e. Hx,

HO ''t=x P[ x^ p"< @^ J# <#_ K~O L#k. J> ''<~^ ~^=~u
J##k ~â+HOx "HO. (~^_ Hx"_ ~^x JiOK_). D ~O_\ H =#~O
Ju H;|k` QOKe.
102
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
''`= =#< eÒ J##k H~ H Ô`=, Ju`"# #O
J#k. `=# J#iOK r=# uH= <~.
JO^K`, F ~=KO^! ''Uk Z@ JQK#^ JÔ` `# ~" LO\Ok
Jx QOK|_QH! '^== H 'J^$+= J##q J~~`"# ^=#x =
JaO. S<, <^H . ''PH$ux ^==, PH$u Hey# =#A_ K
`= D ~O\H =#O UHÒ, =^#O Z\ ^~`~. P ~O_\ H
O|OÔ Z\ LO@Ok? JO^H P =@ x+[#"#k. =~H q+O. H=
Hu D ~O_\ h XHi LyOK@O ^=? ''^=" JO` K~_. Hx
~+ Ò _ LO_e Jx J#@O J\^ J=Òk. H, K` x"xK
^== U^< K~OKQ^? ^ H^! D [Q` XH x ^Q~#O_,
="^q =~ '^== J#^xx `= =<|^K `H~KH# "~=~<
L<~? D qÔQ '^== J##k J`#x `@ ^?

'^== J#|_#k "~Q ZH_ L#^< Hk J#HOÔ. JC_ ''D |k

^= = J##q ~ O_ XH><? "~ "~? J< =~H L^~O k. ZO^HO>,
J\ =# Kk D |k`< H^! H#H D =# =^#O H"e.
''x= J< ^~=# x~iOK '|k '^== J#|_#q XH>. ^== H
== K`<, ^==# J#iOK |k =iOk Jx =#O x~~=#H,
JC_~O_O\H Ô #> H^! J#Q |k ^== H#H WH |k< =#O
P~ Òk H^! '^== J#|_ =~H ==# ZO^ P~OKe?
ZO^HO\"? '|k J##k JOîH J#=`" LO\Ok. ^==, ZH_#^,
Z@ L#^ è^.
''^== |k "~"~ Jx J#O\=#H, JC_, O|OÔx ~O_
q+ O|OÔ Hey ZO^ =i< K= =Ok. Jx~Kh=Q
^== D ~r= |^# ZO^ qÒ K#k? ^xH =K [#O
Uq\? D =^#O aOK@O ^ H#H, =#O '^== J#^x
P^~_H=@" =Ozk.

|^~ } =xKH $ } `= N H$+ ~= ` Q = n` OY QO ''<#~!
|k< ~} "_O _. `= (WH_ '^= =Q K |_Òk) K J"# q+ O Jx Ki< ~.
''|Ô ~}O QKq |^Q"#_.
F == ==~
H ~ }
O G 103
J@QH ''=# |k|= Hey# W^~ = XH = (H [#=)

H~ uOz#C_, XH_ XH ~HOQ, =~H_ =~H qÔQ [#=
O^K<~. Wk ^==H ` H^! Jx Z=~< JO\~"? nxH H~}O
èx ''^== Jx ZO^ J#@O? "i"i `= f=`# J#iOz Jk
J@#^x ZO^ J#H~^?
''= |k Wk W@ K< =O ueOzOk. Wk ^==H K~
H^? Jx =~=~< JO\~"? P s~H (H) =#H (PK#)
`= x=# qÒ K<x ZO^ J#H~^? |kK ''Wk
Ke J< x~O K|_Òk. J@ K|_# `= =~ |kx qÒ
K<~. H#H '^== J#^x `# P~OK |^ =#O ~+H~=<
P~OK=K H^!

9. H~ `
PHxH ~O ^ . D s~xH, ~O L#k. JO^K` D s~= PH=#
`H*^. J> ~=x ^==` ~=Q =# H~}O`~= (U^ H~}=)
H H~H JO="#k. PH$uQ ~O_ == ~~ OQO
^ =Òk. JO^K` ''^= = J##k ^ Jx U~_K#k. D O K=#
[~Q ~ ==~= x=H x~`H H~ ^=" J~`, D [Oîx
~Q ~O_x=. WH P `=, H~`, *Q` ^xH? P
^=" =z K=#k K_?
^"#` JaH-O, ``~g^$O `"
=# "Q! # ^=O ~=~` II (VIII - 15)
''<# J^$+=K ~OK|_ #h K<#. J^$+|O K`< W=h W@

k<~ Jx Z=~< J#HO>, = LÔ =Ò "~ `=# `= J@
F^~H=@O =`" [~QK#k. ~= ~ ^$+H '^= = J##^ ^ , aOK@^ .
=_ 'J^$+= (^==) H H# KK<~. J^$+~}Q"~
H@, `= @ q= H=@K, "~ Z\H< K_=@O
`^=x "= J#HO@<O.

''|kH~#i} ''H~# J#iOK |k LO\Ok J##^ H ÔQx,
''|k ^"#i} J##k HÔ H^ H^!
104
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
D OKO ZO^ J~< B#Ò kOz# |k=O`# Z=i<<
fH. "iH P =~=# kOzOk Z=~? <<! ~=! "~O^~ `=
~+H~O K`<, ~+`= K`<, P L#ux kOK~. JO^H, =#O "i
Ki` "Hx K^=HO@<O. `= =Y` H` =#O =Ò
"i QiOz `H=@O ^xH? ''JO`^= " Jx QO^ xO_ " iÒk H^!
~ K qHO` * K O_`
` H== H-< =^! ^=O fH `? (VIII - 17)
F ~=KO^! h= ~#\ ~H==O`#\, |k=O`#\, O_`#\

J<H= Ok =` Q^ q<= H^! "~ `= kOK^ K#k Z\ kOK~?
` |= K`< H^! "i Z=~ ^== H~ "z<~ KC?
^==# ukOK"~, ''W`_ z~Orq, |HO rq_ Jx '^=
x~OQ XHx QiOz K~#H, J\ "xH `# f#C_ _ J`_
|uH`, JC_ ^=" Q^x <# XCHO\#. J@O_@ ^? q+` QiOz
(*`HO K"~), ''W`_ O_`_ J=`_ Jx K#C_, J\"_ K^=O_<
O_`_ J=`<_? J\ [iy`, ^=" HO J^$+" ~= x~iO^x
=#O _ XCOÔ.
qq`} =x< ^==` $[ ^~`
~+}= OO |}O! ~=! <-#^ II (VIII - 20)
F ~=KO^! D ^"O^x= "OK# |iQ D qq`
Q " #x K_! W`_ [#` XH =#"# ~A. D ~*, XH |iQ, HH }
H~_Q =H=K Z@ O JOÔ@<~ KK= H^! Wk D#
Z\ ^ _O k? '^= = J#|_^x H$K` < ? H<H^. W`_ J^$+= # H <\
~+ `=# ^$_OQ P~OK_. JO^K`< |i`= OkOK_.
JO` Hx J^$+= H~ "zO_ H^ =! <# _ ~+H~=# P~OK
PHQ=# H, i=O_= x"= OkOK#. ## '=i Jx JO^~
JO@#k <H J^$+O K`<? H^. < `= H ^$_Ò K`< D
~A J@ QiO|_K<#. ~H~A ~+=# P~OK, J=~=u #O_
^=`# ~ê =H= `= U|_ yOK~. ^=` _ ~+H~=
K`< `=# z<a#OK =~ D [Q`# e<~. JO`^H ^xH?
"^~` Je# |@ h~ Z xOk? J^$+O=<? H^. ^x "#H
~+`" ^y L#k.
F == ==~
H ~ }
O G 105
D HH H~=< K_. @O| +}O, ` ~*~}O, QqO,

HO, xQO, W`~# JiH@@O, PH@H=@O W`k J<H H+"# #h
~+`|= K`< X#Q_K<~ H^! 'J^$+O J##k U^ èx
~O =z W=h K@O^! P ^== J#^x HH ZH_ H#|_H
L#k.
F ! ~ "! D '^= = J#|_ ^~O H~H~} q=~ aOKH

L#k. JO^K`, Jk qH=OK`< HeOK|_#@, + =Òk. H#H J=",
Z^~Q xez#\ ~+H~=# =O^Q P~Oz LO_. =# Z^~Q
aOK#\ D ^===~=# HO` H@. ^x q+" =O^=O^
=# D qK~} J<H q+= h" Q=. D '^== J#^xx JHOKH,
L`==Q ~+H~=< P~Oz, =#`_=H=.

10. H~qK~=
N~=_ : F ~ ^~ *! =+= s! ~+ Ò q+ O g~ K #\ ^~}
~H"# q+h <# JOwHi<#. J~`, g~ ''^== J#|_#k Un
^x HxK@ J<~. =iHxK@, ''~ [#Oê H W` ~ H~ ~O~
(H `=) "#" ^== Jx JO@#@ < J~=QK#k. ''`=
=O^ ^== OQu `~"` .... Jx K#Q _ JO@<~.
D OKO JÒ` kQOz# D ''^== J< ^~O J L#^?
^? J< J\k H^x #=K<~ H^! JO^K` ^==J##k gK Z@
QOK|_K#^ =iHO` +OQ `H"#HO@<#.
N =+=i : <<! ~=KO^! ~+H~" ~ H~H==# X#~K#k.
"\ e`=# _ J^ J#qOk. WH '^== J#|_ =~H == Un
^xH H~Q x, HQ x H^. ^= = =Q X#~#Ô@ Un ^ . Jk yOK#n
^. Jk W`~# PîOK#k _ ^. ^xx Z=~ KKK#k ^. Jk
H=O H<=`". ~+" ^=QK#k. J\ ~+H~= (`# `#Q
x~iOz # ` ~O~) =# aOKK# =< [# '^==
J< ~` <~.
`= ~+ `=K `= O^K#\ n~= # W+ J~+= #
JAQ"~ '^== J#|_^xH PkOKK<~.
106
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
D HO Z=iH< ~, XH ~~= K` =`" = (Results)
J= O a < ~. J~` XH == ~ = H PkJO` = , " ~ #
^H=O^ # == [The effects (or) results that materialise at a
different time and place] QOK#\ (^~^$+ #\) [# P e`=# ''Wq
^== k<_. H ^=" W@ tH<_ Jx =# KK<~.

F ~"! ~"#\ '^== H~}OQ Z=iH<, U^< Ki#^#HO>,
Jk = LÔ =. ''^==# iOK@O, ''Jc+= O^@O J<
q+xH=, P HO` HO J^x H~ f"KK "~ K#k J~#~H=Q
~+`" H^! P J~#K H k U~_, kOK^z#^xH (H
O^^z#^xH) #OQ PK#H^ X#Q_`<~. JC_
Oz#^xH ''Wk ^=" Wz<_ Jx J#H#@ [~QÒk. H#H, WH__,
~+ `=# J#iOK P = a<~.
[# HO^~ ''g_ J^$+= W\ L#k Jx JO@#C_, P =@ '^= =Q
HO kHHOk.
WH H~ OQO =z#C_, ''W`_ W@ eH<_. Jk q# < D |k
\O k. JC_ D qÔ Q ^$_O Q x~OKH<#. W@ uOz<#. Dq^" #
L`=eÒ O^#. H#H, D L`= eÒ ^==` aOzOk J##k
HOîH J#==` LO@Ok. W\ ^$O`" H O@# '^== J#|_
H# H~}=QK#k. J~` WO^, ''W`~ `=K U~_# |^
JO^ ^" P PK## HiOzOk. =~ `=K`< eÒ OzOk
J##^ =# H;^$+` Kz#C_ aOk. ZO^HO\"? XH k=Ok
XH qÔQ kO|_<, JO^~ XH qÔQ OkOK@ ^ H^! Z=~` W`
~ =~=# `=K P q+=# HiOK~, "~ =`" P
e`=# O^K<~x QOK.
XHxH W+"#, H J~+"# = aOKK<#H, ^=" Jk
OK#@ J^$+ H"~ q<~. H;^$+ H"~ ''< W+
J~+= ~=# U~_# O~= (H "#) < 'Wk Y= Wk
H+= J# =# Hey<~ Jx Q<~. WO`qOz '^== J##k
^. H#H, D q+" h= xtO`_=Q=. =~=#=#O^ L`= H~#
P~ P`H `` "q\ q"H ^$+` QOzO_=.

F == ==~
H ~ }
O G 107
N~=_ : =s! ''g~ ''~[# Oz`" ^== Jx =~ =~

JO@<~. WO`< ''^== ^ Jx x~O H\ <~. ZO^K`?
N =+ =i : F ~=KO^! <# h U^< K#C_, h= JÒ` H;^$+`
P q+O QOKQ=. h Q~=Q, h < L#\ JaO Jk. JO^K`,
<# K=#k H;^$+`, x~$^_", L^Q^ x"_" q#. h |k
KOK`=# `lOz, ~`= O^Q^. JC_ 'L`= `= q+" K#k,
K=#k QOKQ=.
XH<H_ `# '=#K, "K, H=K XH<H qÔ Q H~ x~i < _.
J`_ J ZO^ =i<_? J ZO^ Pz<_? J ZO^
=\_K<_? (Why he is behaving the way he behaves?) nxH =^#O q#. W`
~ (=i HÒ [#) H `= ~" L#\ "## J#iOK,
"\K k`_ D =~=#=#O^ P q^=Q qOK@, =\_@
=iOK@ K<_. J#Q, "# H~Q i}q<~. "## J#iOK
<#, h=, J> u XH~ P q^=# '=<"H H~# îOKK<=.
Ja=, =# _ "## J#iOK LO@<~. H~ XH ~HOQ,
=<" =~H ~HOQ LO\? LO_=. Q~"_ H K~`_Qx,
@}O Z K~`_?
Z=xH U "#O>, "_ "\ xq`" ZC_ u LO\_. ''Z\Q<
~, D =# <# O^^#QH J##\ |"# H~` f==Q x~iOK|_#
H~ ^=" i}qOk. JO> Uq\? ''H~ |" (`= [#")
^=|OQ i}qOk J##^ WH_ =# kOk. H~ (H `=)
"~Q '^== J##k Z=iH, Un WK@ ^. uH~ `# H~# D qÔQ<
x~iOK@O, `è`=# O^@O [~QÒk. WH WO^ H"# x~OQ
^== J#^xH ` ZH_#k?
XHx U "#` |=# K~Hx LO\ J" J`x H~ (Deeds)Q
i}q<~. J~` `#H W`~ `= ==~=O` =Q=Q
ijeOKH =@K, (^) J`xH Z^~Q H#|_H=@K J`_, ''## Z=~ D
H~ x~iOK=#kQ ~<~ Jx `# `# =^#O KCHO@<_.
H#H, 'H~ J##k "#HO> a#= H^ Jx `Òk H^! J~` P
"#, =##" ^~=QQ =#HO> "~ H^. WH D =# =##= J<
'H~ H~ J~#\ 'P` HO> "~ H^.
108
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
H#H ^! '^== Jx K|_K#^ ''`= ~=QQ 'H~
J~=#k. J\ H~ '=#. J\ =# '~+_ J#|_ D r=x ~=.
H#H D r=x ~= ~+H~" H^! JO^K` ~+H~= HO> "~H\
ZH_ Un ^x `K#k. ~+H~=HO> "~#kQ '^== J#^xx
QOK^KHO>, ''J\ ^== ^ Jx x~OÔQ H\ <#. J\ ^==
'q^ =`". WO^ U=Ò OÔ ^.
WH 'P` JO> Uq\? Jk ZH_#k? Jk r=x ~=HO> "~#k
H^. J\ P` "= ~=Q Hey#\ D r=_ `# =<~=#
K H~= =# ~=Q P`#O_ O^K<_. J^ '^==Q
_ k H HOk. ~=HO> ^= = "~ Q H =@ =# WH_ k Ok.
'=#, 'z`=, '"#, 'H~, '^== ""xH W=h ~^=. D
~ ^=h `=# îOz#\ ^+Q ^=K, J*# kOK@
H~, HeOK|_~. ''Wk z`. Wk [_=. Wk ^=. Wk ^ J# x=
#\ J*# [# q+=# QOK\xH gQ W=h HeOK|_, q~OQ
KiOK|_~. Wq qKiOK|_, QOK|_Q, '^ ~"`, WHC_ ~=
Z~Q|_Òk. JYO_=, *#`= J~#\ ~ ^ K`#" +Ok.
J@ +OK ^ `" D r=_. J\ '^H O|OkOz# L`=*#O i_q
=~ D |*O H J=~O LO\Ok.
~+_ Jx\H =O. J`_ ^$_=Q =<|OK` Z@ u_,
=# _ J> O^K<_. H#H F ~OQ"! XH ~+H~= =<
Jc+=h k<x QOK. JO`Hx J^$+O K` H^. ''J^$+= K`<
Jx J#HO> WH ZO^? <# h kOK@O ^xH? hH<, <H<,
=~=iH< ~+H~" ^H =QK#k.

Oz`= : W`~ _@|_# H~x\H =# O~ u.
~|= : =~=# i` J#=Q |~`=Q (Oz`= =# O|OkOz#)
O~=.
PQq : H# { P^`# H O~~=, =O^ =O^ PQq J~ (Accompany)
r=x qÒ KOk.

''~O YeÔ |, ''r" |u<~, ''JO | ''`""O, ''`` =,
''`` " W`k u "Hh D `=< uk<~.
F == ==~
H ~ }
O G 109
N~=_ :
H#O "<*O x[u =O ^,
=<! `^= uq! H$}, HO H~q J"? (IX - 23)
=hO^! <^H =Y"# O^ O. W`~O H HÒ [#O^ x~iOK|_#
'H#H~ LO_< L<~. Jq =~=#O ==# qÒ K<x
g~ _ XCO@<~ H^! P H#H~ ==# Z\ xq "= J\
=iOK=#^ H^! H#H~ ==# #_O>, n#"# "= WC_
KQeQ ^=#k? P H~ XH qÔQ, = =~# =~H qÔQ LO_ J=HO
ZH_#k KO_?
N =+= i : h O^~O Q L#k. Hx, h= =~ [_` =Q `~`=<
uk<=. D O+} H H =, `x `jx K@O. ZO^HO>
`~`_ Ug K_, QOK_. `~_ O^=#k `H
O^`_. ~, h =^#O q#.
'H#H~ JO> Uq\? XHC_ hK` x~iOK|_# H~ H^! J\
~+H~= xx\ =iOK O >, JO^ WKyOKx h= WH K T~HO\"?
F ~=KO^! h= K`#=i" Hx, XH<H [_^~O H=H^! =i h= P
H#H~ Ku H= J=@"q\? W\ ~+H~= =@ Uq\? Wn <
. WC_ J#iOK= ~+H~= K`< h `"# aOk.
JO`Hx, ''Wk <H~. <# W@ KH`^. U^ ^== <K` W@ K~Ok,
Jx `z h= ~~# =~O `=# Ja=YO HH`, WH x#
H_QeQ"_=_? ^=O =z H_`_?

u r=xO^ J=# H#H~ (The essence of past deeds)

L<~. JO^ "# H~", J"# JH~" D r=x
~<~. P ~O_O\ Uk |=`~"`, Jk ~O_=^xx jOQ [~Oz
r=_x J\ PK~}= xqOk. ~. WO`=~ Q< L#k. Hx, ''D
=~ = #O Uk K e? Uk K _ ^ ? ^ x x P ~ OKe? ^ x x
P~OK_^? ^xx Z@ QOKe? ^xx Z@ QOK_^? (What should
not be interpreted in what way) ... Wq K`# ~_=Q r=x Ku< L<~.
JO^ <~O KOKQ Q~=, ^K K|_# qkq^#= =#

WH_ =~=#O a<~. J=h P~OK@O =ê, ''<# x} Jx
110
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
=Q~@O ZO`=~ LzÒ? "\ #x\h q"H |k` QOz, KHQ L
yOKHO@ ZO^ P`*#= H~H uOK~^? J=, ^+~+=
J~#\ ^$ ^~= "O@|_ ZO^ ^YH~= Q i}== `z@H"e?
JO^K`, h= H~< P~OK^= QH! =Q "#K ~``,
D r= ~+H~|O K` H=OQ `=Q =Hx O^Q~. XH",
J"# |", J H~O^ "tO K<? J~`, =~=#O
L`= `= JÒ` P=H" L#k. =~=# ~+H~Ò K` H=OQ
J"## |#O Ke. J@ u, XH `~}O P J
O~=# "Ô@ He"e.
F ~=KO^! D [_=Q ^" 'h= Jx J#HO@<"? H< H^. h=
z<` ~_=. *`` ~_=. J\ h= ~ O~= Oy LO_=#
J=~"=#k? hH H^. <h "H= ~[# KCK<#. <#~!
g~O`, 'z` #O^ Lk`" # K` # " ~=Q H"~. JO`Hx, @ ZH_#O_
Z=iK`< H^|_K# [_^~=` (Some matter that moves by Remote Control)
H~x =~ =~ Q~ K<#. =i, ''P! =^=#k? JO` ^=edÒ. Wk
WO`. Wk = H~. WH K^g ^ J# ~=Q ^~Q=O` ZH_ #O_
=z_Òk? HOKO zOKO_. g JO`@ g~ x~}OQ, JOQ`"#
x+`xH _, P ^+=# '^== J#|_^xH JO@Q\ O`$
KO^K<~? Jk iH^.
F ~=! Z=~ = #O_ x# KuÒ K<~O\"? J~` <Hq+O
KC. J@ U^` x# Ku`"#~K#^, J^xx xqOz KuÒ (operative)
K^=~? ... H|\ J\ JaxH J#= ^+O (A doubtful state - whether it
exists or not) OqOk. W\ ~o ''= k u|O^H= (Hurdle to achieve the
Truth) Jx = JaO.
h= OQ K`# ~_=. H#H, h D =~=#=# h" H~_=. h

L`= J^= `= x# XH<H uH `<~. J> ur=x q+O
_. JO^K` D ^+=# =Q== J~# ^==# PkOKO_^= QH!
J\ PK# q^.
r=xH W`~ WOk=< O|O^" # H~ ''"# (tendencies)Q
i}q<~. JO^K`<, D WOk =# `=O^ Hey# "##
J#iOz J =~= ~O_\ " iOK u<~. W\ ~+
F == ==~
H ~ }
O G 111
Ò K` WOk =##, Z\Q< ~, =~O xyOKe.

~+ `" JO^ h L H" # iH~O . F =~H==O`_! ~=KO^!
h =# K_ `= "t#C_, ^xx =Oz=~O xqOK\xH K
`=< =#O WH_ ''~+H~O Jx <O.
D r=xH z`= Ji K " x= JuKOK"# k. J~`, D z`= #
XH<H `H` L#k. J^xx =#O U 'k (direction) xq" P k
L~H " ~QfOk. ^xx =#O J= #O_ = " u`
H=OQ H~< P`` P~Ok. J\ HO_, =Oz #O_ K_"
"xK=, J^"QO` ^+ H~# uQ P~Ok. JO^K`, D z`=#
HO` @^` |=OÒQ `= "H (^=# ^#, `=~#,
^#, ^, ^H}^` _# H~ "H) =~e. JO`Hx, ''J> =Ò =ê
"~^. JH~# (W`~# kOK@, H=, H^, , ", =^,
=`~= K\K @ "^# q) H=OQ H} O K , `l, H~ } =^~ #=
"^# L`==~=# =#A_ `~HOQ P~OKe.
=` O`<< #^yu < <
~+}=`# z` H" II (IX - 33)
'z`= J< _ J<H ~Q^ +=# HiOz `# WK =z#@ =i < _.
''`Q= J< HO_|O` D z`} P ~Q ^+ "+=k O@O (|~^)
#O_ |@ Qe. qH"#\ =`=, O`= xyOKe.
~+ `=K "" Q "xx F^~K, H=OQ JYO_=Q ~#= =
#O^ QO Ke.
"_ Ji K<_x z`H^`=? J`_ iHHQ, WOH
"~~_ H^! JC_ J =@ q#_. z`=# _ x= e
P`*#= ", P`#=O " =~e. JO`Qx, ~O "^ |Q`
x~kOK@O LO H^.
F ~=! W`~O h= =# ~O_ "#O^ =iOz LO_=K.
J~#^" J~#k. WH =Ò "## =`" ~_ KH<^=QH! F
`=~< ! ''D "# J=O K`< ^@= Q K<~ J##k Z=~ H^#\xH
g#\ Ò. JO^K`, "#< J=~KH<^=QH. WO` =O^ h=
J"# JOz LO_H` =Oz^. JC_ JH~ h =<Q=#=#
JO`Q PHiOK=.
112
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
'"# J##q J=OK` Hh, H J*#=OK` Hh, ^ =iOH
H~}OK`<< =$kKO^h. JO^ zH`=Ò H~ =! K~}O ~^
=Oz^. "\ =# H_ LO_^. Jq q+` ^~# U~_ J=H=#
|#~KQ=.
D [Q` Uk Z\ J, Jk J\Q i}qOk. U =#`, LÔ`
XH H~ x~i" ^x i}=O P =# L^=# J#iOK LO@Ok. D
q+ O JOîH x`#= ". WO^ O^ O J#=~O . JO^K` h= ^= #
P= H"_" ~+=# (H ~+H~=#) J=OaOK. H=OQ D
OKOk=# [~Oz"~. L`= ~+_= H=. L`= ~+H~=
P~Oz#"_ =`" '~+_ Jx JxOKHO\_. D =# H u
QOK |_#O` HO, *#O OK#O` HO H~# P~OK=O^.
JO^Q# 'H~ JO> Uq\ =O^Q QOKe.
1. Q~= 2. G= 3. H H LO 4. J#=O.
D <y\ O` L`= `=# x~O KH"e.
F ~"! D r=x =# [#[#Q J<H ~Qk ^~# ~Hx
L<~. "\x H=OQ H~ =O K` '~Ò Ke. JC_ P`==
`#O`@ `< OQ ^`H=Òk. ~ =<"^ <=~ O_
#t~. =# i^"# `~"`, WH "#` _ x LO_^. ~
~` P`< î=. "<~`_", =$u*_= x"_" ~HOu=}=
=Q Ht=.
JiH = qiy#^#H, JC_ UO KO? =~H =# f=z
^x O` Hx =# f, P P ~O_ =# `lO H^! J^
qÔ Q " #` =#x J" ## `yOz " e. P `~ "` H=OQ
P =## "<~Ò Ke. JC_ +OK ~=Q PÒ^
O`#== O^^=QH. F~=! D HO L`= *#O^~ J>
uOKK =Q ^=# O^K<~. h= _ J> J#iOz, ~=~
==# H`~O KH. `~=#O^ J=`_=H=.

# H}H$`t` ^~uO `` QKuII
<<! J~<! =Oz# K# =#=_ Z#_ ^~u O^_. (w` : PÒ= QO - 40)
F == ==~
H ~ }
O G 113
11. *<=`~}=
F ~=KO^! ''|`` = OH", Jx~" =<" Jf`"
L#k. Jk `z`P#O^ ~=# ~` "K#k. ^x ` =<
` k ` ~ = h " QO^ K <~. J^ q + ` # O^ 'x u Jx _
==iOK|_K#k. H~H~} ~= _ J^. ^~ }O ^$uaO|==,
J<H #n`\H^ J<H uaO|=Q XH ~aO|= uaOa#@, P
~|" ''h=<#J`_ W`^ O^ YO_`== H\ `=QK#k. ^+
H ^$+ K=`~" J@ Ok.
D r=_ ""xH =ÔQ ~|~_. J~` J*# H~}OQ
H Jx~Kh"# '= H~}OQ, ''<# r=_#, YO__#. JA_# . |^_ # .
H, K`` _Hx# ^" (D s~") < ~= W`k J==#
`# z`= #O^ O^K<_. J\ J"= ==K =~_ , ^d`_ JQK<_.
J\ J`=# `yOz r=# `# ''JYO_ ~x=f` ~=# Q~
K@ Lx+` "^# P``` u^H=Q G=H [#"
L#k.
JO^K` ~=! r=_ x`|O^ = J~#\ D z`= # ~+ |=K UHQOK,
''YO_#=O #O_ ''JYO_#==# xOKe. <<! XHi D
WOk=# K_. Wq q+a+ O^ qHe P~_" L<~. |~^
" ^=Q, Wq q+ Y=O^ q+O Q "@O [~QÒk. ~+ Ò
K` =`" "\x JiH\ O=#O KQQ@O ^_Òk. =##
''~=`= H ''=k "# =~eQx, D r=# ^Y^h `Q=.

WC_ =#O *#^HO, ~~ Ô , ~ Ò, q=~O J~#\ qK~}

"tOK`<O. =#O qKiOK ''P`H ~ ==
~H= "i"i JkH~^=# J#iOz =`~=Q LQ_QH!

^x=# r=_ WH_, WC_, D [Q^ =~=h W@ LO_Q< (Here and

now while everything is "as it is") `#Oê ~`=# J#==# `KHQ_?

YO_#=O Compartmental consciousness

JYO_#=O Comprehensive consciousness. An experience of indivisibility.
114
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
Uk QOK@K D [#=$`= ~= QOz#"_ [#H~ *_=
#O_ ~^ q=H O^Q_?
Uk `H#@K W`_ Y ^Y= "^# Ô^= Jf`_ HQ_?
D =## =~=#O^ xe#C_ OK =^#u Z\k?
D ~H~HO_, *#HO_ J~qK~} K#C_ aOKQ L`= == Uk?
D ~O~ "## `lOz#C_ O~ = O`+= ~=#
OK J#="k?
Uk Ok# `~"` WH J#O` OY Z^~Q xez# D |O_=
O^=#^n 'HOz` _ qyeO_^?
J\ "HO =#O qKiOK`<O. q~OQ <K K|_ D
"HH^# q"` _ qKiOK@O [iy` Z=~< ZC_< `H JH=,
^Y~`= J~# ~=^=# O^Q~. qKiOz#O` =ÒK` Wk ^
Y=# #tO* =#Oux kOK Q^. =#O KCH D "H H^#
~" +
Q |^=_ H H}~" =zOz<~. P# Hk kOz#^
g=O^ LOKK<#.
N~=_ : =s! W`~" (=#O KCH) "HH^# |^=_ Z=iH
K~? ZO^ K~? Jk g~ Z\ O^~? "@" ^\ #O_ Z\ O^ =
LO_H => =Ozk H#H W@ tOKK<#. JO^K`, J#^ qOK O_^~ QH!
N =+=i : <<! ~=! h= HOz` O^= O^@O [iy<, xOHKOQ
tOK=#^.
=#O '^ (Main Text) ~OaOKH=O^, D KCH ''*#qK~}#
<# Z@ O^< q=i#. P `~ "` =H $ (kOK"_) - $KH (tOK"_)....
gi~=iH LO_=# H}= QiOz, =#O LyOK ^$O`=
QOK=# q^#O QiOz, ^#K`+O QiOz, ^K~^ QiOz KHQ
QOz# `~"` =#O (Lù H~}= PkQ) `î qK~} "tÔ.
WC_ D P` =K~O <# Ok# q^=# q=i<#. q#.

`, q+`, =~=#=K` Jq[", q<#=##k #\ 'P``` =
J# XH<H\ L#k. Jk D =q=#HO`\ H =#=O^Q ~=#
H~}`"#k. ~H, ~=H JO`~q, "= ~= Jk.
F == ==~
H ~ }
O G 115
~=# P^~`", ^K Jk ''z^H= Jx, ''`H z^=

Jx, ''i^ P``` = Jx_ =|_K#k. Jk Jx~Kh",
"^x+`K ukO|_K#^, ~ ~" "K#k.
=Ô `~OQ L< <, [O [OQ< LO@Ok H^! xiH~=Q
P``` =_ = X#~K##, X#~## XH suQ LO\Ok.
J\ xiH~ P``` = #O_, XH =#` `~OQ== ''q+ Q"#_
=Q L^~Oz<~. P q+= <aH=O #O_ ''|^=_ [xOK~. P
|^=_ ^=` K`#, =#K`# i"+OK|_#"_, WH }x\x $+OK
OHeOK~. =# qH= $+OKK#k H^! Wk _ J\^.

J~` D |^=x OH|O K`, $+O K|_# D } J<H Pk"^ `,

==~ =#` J#H}O =<KOKO Ok `_KO_i. "~O`
q+Q~` LO_@O, J+=@O` J<H ^Y~O~ O^@O
[~QKO_k. r=H D H+^# Kz - H+=# Kz `_
Ò_= - H HH~ Q |^=x $Ô ^qOzOk. ''`,
J+ J~#\ D < a_Oî ^Y= f~^\? Jx ~z` HO`
zOK~. JC_, H ^Yx"~} =~_Q P# Hx L`= ^#=#
$+OK~.
1. `/^#= 2. ^~=, 3. ^#=, 4. `=, 5. f~=.
D SkO\x $+Oz# `~"` P# =iHO` K#K, ''D S^ ^#=
Q< L<~. Hx, WO`=Ò K` D < a_ ^Y= =OQ `?
^. [#~`"#\ x~}^= OÔ> giH *#" =Y"# LOH^!
`^~^#` f~^K g~ H~# =$^=h `H O^`~. Hx
JO`=Ò K` giH L`="# Ou aOK^. r=x LîOKQeQk '*#=
=`". JO^K` J*#=# iQ `yOKQ U^< LO H#Qx, D
[# kOK^# QH Jx J#H<~. JC_ =#K OH=ÒQ ##
$+OK~. J#Q <# |=#`_#.

ZH_ \# `~OQx =~H `~OQO K~#@ Jx~Kh=Q = =#

[xOz# <# [=#, H=O_=# îOz#"_< < Ò_Q |^=x
gOz OQ }=O K#. P# z~#= #=K, ## K~n, ''h =#
116
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
Hu= KOK=Q QH! J\ KOK =# #O^ HO` J*#O "tOK#
QH Jx x~tOK~.
JO`! XHH}O <# < x~ ~O =~K#. |k [_Ò O^@K,
n#_< XH x~^= ^YH= O^Q#. ''P! D O~ ^+=O`
< ZH_ #O_ îOzOk? Jx zOuOKQ#. ZO` zOz<, zOuOz<
< ^Yq=H HQ< ^. JC_ < Ò_ ## gOz ''U=! =~!
ZO^ x~}OQ h h" ^d<=? D ^Y= x"~} "q\
Z^~Q L# h Ò_#Q ## J_Q=K# H^! JC_ h `y# L"q\
q=i#! Jx e J##"H eH~.
JC_ <# P# H# ~x q#=`` ''Ò_! ^Y= O~O D
r=_ Z@ `Q#K<_? n#_ J<H ^Y=# J#q# W`_ "\#O_
q_=_^\? Jx tOK#. JC_# q~=Q `` *#O L^tOK~. P
J=$``=Q *# =K#=O` ^Q QOz#"_< JÒ` x~_##.
< Ò_x qOz#\ `` *#=#O^ J=`_##. Uk `H#O`=ÒK`
[# ~H` O^Ò^, q`` KO^Ò^, Jk `H<#.

P qÔQ uiy ~=# Ok#\ <` P# W@ eH~:

''F `H! WO`=O^ h=, J*#=O K` r=_ Z\ ^Y=#
O^`_, =Q ~z KK= H^! < $+x D r=O^~ J*# *_=K
^Y"=O^ zHx J<H [# ~O~O^ |=OÒQ "t
H@q\_K<~. JO^ B+^" WC_ h K# JYO_ *#=. D *#=
Jx `~Q`"iH LyOK< LÔ` <# x# Oz =__Q K#.
WC_ =# W~=i O+}K h= ~=*#=# O^=. h=_ <=<
UH`_==.
WC_ h= [## J#Q OK\xH HO " . H~ ~` # "iH H HO_#
L^tOK. q~Hz`Q A P#O^^H=Q *#O L^tOK.
P#K` P qÔQ P*OK|_# <# [O|nOx D ~`=~xH =K#.
D *#= O^@ `y#"~ L#O`=~ <# WH_ LO\#. < WH "~
H~==O@ Un ^. J~`, WH_ < ^=# H~=# =Ò
Ja=#~`"# zÒ` x~i LO@<#.
F == ==~
H ~ }
O G 117
W\ '*#qK~} q#`y# HH}H~_"# h=O\ L`= t+_ aOK@O

< P#O^H~"# q+O. x# xqÒQ KHx H=x\H D *<=$`=#
Oz@@ L^_##.
F ~=KO^! < [#=$ÒÒ Uq\, D H=# '*#= Z@
"tOzO^, <H, < Ò_H P= Uq\ JO` q<= H^! Q
H$Ò K@ K`<, ~#O^^=Q D ~-*#O q<x h z`=
` ` _ Òk. W\ =^ ~" # =O ~ H= = , O`=, S~=,
P#O^= HQK#QH!

12. O~ KHO "~QO

N~=_ : |^=xK $+OK|_# D H= *#=H P=H` Z@
HeyO^, Jk U qÔQ D H=#O^ "tOzO^, ^xH [#=,
L^= Uq\ =iHO` q=iOKO_.
N =+ =i : *<=`~}= QiOz, *#= H P=H` QiOz, WO^
`yO_@ QiOz, P O~KHO QiOz =iHx q K`#, q#.
=Ô `~OQ L^~~ KK"! J^ qÔQ ~|= #O^
"#~O |^=_ HH`_ [xOK~.
P# `# =# $+OK|_# r=~ ''"= @K<= KKK<=
J# ~=# Q [~=~} ==# O^@O Q=xOK~. XHi `
q + ` =~ = #=#O` ~ =H O K~ . ''P ! J< H Q =
Q_z`<~. '~= "^# T~Q` O^\xH `y#\ ^# Ou
JO` $+OK#. W=h Q< =i<~. Hx, D [# O^K# r=
"|^ JQK<~. JO`Hx, ~ ^ x`"
#\ JYO_"
#\ ~=#
U=Ò QOK@^ Jx Q=xOK~. WÔ` Kz H~} ~=~.
JC_# ## $+Oz, KHQ L^tOz '*xQ fik^~ H^! D ~[#
J*#= \xH ## D HO O~. XH ## =`" H^. JO^Q#
#`=~, <~^k J<H=Ok =~# _ O~. ==# x~~OK@
P# LÔ '=<"= J< *_=K OzOK=K# r=#,
''H}*#=K =îOK@ =!
118
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
P qÔQ J<H Q Q_z~. q^=# *k H _
J^ H~}OQ JOìOz=@O ~OaOK~. Jk Q=xOz# =~ H~ HO_#,
G =~^# LîOKx (uiy ~HOKx) J#H<~. D =O_=#
"~~ ^Q qlOz ~A# HeOK~. P `~"`, ^~~H== [#O
kOK $u G=# (~}=#), [ G=# =~ ~zOK~.

P qÔQ HKHO iqOk. H== U=x Ke? H=OQ [#
^#, Q$, J#<Ô^ =`" PH Hey LO_@O ~OaOK~. [
J< J<H <~ K Ô_~ H=@O JkH"#k. O, ^= "^#
^+ H x~iOK O_ ~A, [# eOK@O ^ =kH^. J@ ~A,
W@ [ n#Ò O^@O [~QKO_k. JC_ ==O\ *#^$+ H"~ HO
n#Ò Q@\xH ''P```= K~O K= =zOk. D 'q^ "@"^@
~A K @O [iyOk. JO^K` nxx '~[q^ Jx JO@ LO\~. D 'P^`q^
~q^ =@O=O\k J=@O K` nxH '~[q^ J< ~ `y#^ J~Ok.
~=Q D q^# `H#\ ~A, `k`~ ^Y q=~.
H=OQ x~"# Hi Hey#\ J<H=Ok ~A QuOK~. WC_ D
^~^=~A `xQ h= [xOK=. [ x~=, O`j= JQ h
=# Z\ H~}O O_< ~=q`"# "~QO [xOzOk. J\ "~QO
hO^ D qÔQ [xOK@O H= = HeyOK\xH J~=#k.
~[H "~QO, uH "~QO Jx "~QO ~O_q^Q LO@Ok-
~[H "~QO : U"< Ô@# `~_#C_ U~_ "~QO. L^~}
^#=<, ~[=<, |O^=< H=@O "^#q
H~}Q Hey# "~QO.
uH "~QO : Z\ H~}O O_<, H=O ij<`H=Q |kK`,
x`x` q"H= =# OK "~QO.
hO^ WC_ [xOzOk uH "~QO. JO^H ^ ~+ _ Jk
Kz P~_K<~.
cÒ q+O ^$ H<= #q~[`?
`=`= "~QO q"H^= *` II (XI - 23)
rqÒ c`"# q+ Kz#C_ "~QO Z=~< O^`~. Jk
[". JO^ =`~"# q+"=#k? J~` ÔQ= "~QO
F == ==~
H ~ }
O G 119
K=`~OQ LO@Ok. "~ W`~ [# H+ Y=# QOz#C_ (J~#_,

|^_ "^# =h L^~} J\") H H=O UHOÒ x~iOK|_#
qK~}~H q"H=K`< (LÎI _ "^#"~) "~QO O^@O
[~QÒk. J\"~ = ^$+ =h. "~ =A. "i =# Ju
x~" LO@Ok. JO^"# ` O^~=Q `~K|_# Ô_ Q=O`xH
JOH~=Q#@, ''qK~=` _# ~=~K [xOz# q"H=K D O~
Qux qKiOz, WOê J` <` =# "~ QOK Q OK"~ ~++ .
"~ `=# `= LîOK H#@HH, J=~=# K#K# `k`~ [#
_ *#*u "QO^`~.

H|\, F a~! q"H=` ''<# Z=~? D ^$=O` Uq\? WÔ`
Z@ ZH_ #O_ Ok? D H#|_ O|O^ O^== ZK@ Z@
U~_K<~? J< q+ KHQ, QQ qKiOK|<^~ QH! ''D =
^$ OK=, D ^WOk`k`~ ^~=` _# [Q`, D
=<|kzÒH~` _# JO`~ [Q` WÔ` Jq^ - Jx
Q Oz#" ~ q" H = # P ~ Oz Jq^ # ` lOz " ^ ~ QH ! ''g\ K
iOK|_*x x`k` H`` " <<<# Jx QOK^~QH!
~"! #=, P^, ^#= "^#q `~_#C_ OK
q~H HO>, `Q qK~}^K HeQ "~QO =`~"# =O Hey LO@Ok.
WO^ U=Ò OÔ ^. JO^Q# J<H ^$O` (L^~})
=#O D qK~} K_`<O.
h= D<_ JH$u="# "~Q=#, Jui`"# =`=# O^=.
K^<#, `_# < q`@ `y#^ LO@Ok H^! WC_ *<^=#
`_==. ~O`~qQ P Q=O`x J#QO K`<, h\"i |k
~@ q"H= Ok#^ qHOK@O [~Q` LO@Ok.
F ~=KO^! F ~ [#~! D =#O KC H ^ H L`= [#O
g g q"H= H B#`= =#< X#Q_Q^. H#H g 'q"H= q+O
*Q~ LO_O_. 'q"H= J##k [Qk u =#, Q `

|^_, r#, Q~<#H, =^=H =O\ =h D J*#[x` ^~~ `#
QOK@K "~QO O^~. JO`Hx, `= Ok# =HQ` H+=K H^. JO^K`< "~ `=
=K#=K K_^~#, J=# P~# [# îK~.
120
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
=#, z~HO f~ ` qOK@ K`, P ` ~+K, G=K x~~ OK|_#
x=x+ ^=Q#K J=OaOK@ =#, ~H~ =OK` L^~Ok.
J\ `=K JO`~O Q=# ~Hx L# ^$+ #t~. JC_ HH`m
<=K '`` zO`#O^ PH HQÒk.
F ~=KO^! D O~KH= H =}=# JO`^. ''~= ^=#
îOK#O`=~, [# W>, D O~ KHO _ u~Q` LO\~. J<H
~Q^^K K@|_#"~, JOÒ`#\ SH P=+H^=#
H ==~= PKi< LO\~. ''D O~= J~= J< q+ O, q"H=
L^~Oz#C_ =`" QOKQ~. xt`"# |kK q"H= L^~OzO^,
WHC_, ''` ÒKHx J~}O "tOK U#QQ D r=_ ''O~
|kx `lOz, `# ~=Q ~=^=# JO^Hx dOKQ_.

F a~! D O~= H Qu Ju \"#k. nxH JO` ^. ''D

^" <# J##\ |O^=# zH# XH =[O`= =O\ D r=_ *#=#
P~OK#O`HO D O~= H JO`=# H#Q#*_. q"#"~
''*#H J< ` OK`< D O~ Q~=# ^\", ìOKK<~.
J\ O~ Q~=# ^\OKQ D ''*# qK~}# g~O` ^`,
qK~}~H"# |k`, UHQ=# q#O_.
F ~=KO^! h OÔ> Z\HC_ tOK.
D [Q`# Q=xOK"? Wk J*# H~ x~O`~O J<H H=, H^, ",
, O^ =x`=Q O^~=#, J#==# xiOKHO@ Òk.
e`"q\? D r=x JO`~OQ= J<H ^Y=K, =K ÔK|_Òk.
ZH_ `$Qx, ^+~`"# P#O^=Qx aOK@ ^. JO^Q# U^<
L`="# LO J<+OKe H^! x~~HOQ ~A Q_"O> [#"q\?
''Jq"H=# UHH B+Ô *# qK~} Jx "= =~ =~ H\ <=.
''P! D P`qK~} = HO^? W\ = HH `=, Jq k#
[#= = #OQ< L<~ H^! Jx ``~O K@O LzÒ
H^. ZO^HO\~"? J#H}O =~ KO^` LO_ D 'Lkx (^x) #q,
WOê ^+=# Q=xOKO_ ~A Q_@O Lz`"\ J=Òk? j`, "`,
`k J<H "^ , ^M, =<zO`, tkÒ, =$^ O, =$`= W`^`
_Hx# O~ ==~=O` =x+x H}HO ^Y =^= #O^
=Oz" Q^ H^! ^~^$ + #\ ^~^ <# Hx, =~=~ Hx UO K QO?
F == ==~
H ~ }
O G 121
^~+Q =` *#= xQ= H UHQ` (Awareness

- Self control - discrimination - concentration) K`< (D O~ ^Y=# O^=
=# \H) nxx OKQ QK<~. D ^$=# Jf`" # \ JHO Hu O^

`=# `= OKH#K, ~` O`=# O^QQK<~.
J#H}O =_ =#=# J<H ^YzO`# gOz "ix -ZO_Q_x
Jy= - ^ Oz" < ~. JO^H ''<#~! ``~O K HO_ Jx ~ [#
=~ =~ =#q K<#. J=$``=Q P` ~=QQ F ~[#~!
"# Q `_# ZO_Q_x xC ÔKQ^? g~ P` *#=# OÔ_.
P^` G=# qK~}~HOQ QOKO_. P``` =# HìO KHO_.
=H^~ (~=# =~ ==` îOK"~) Z\ =#H "^K
kO|_*~. D 'O~= J< qq J#H}O ''Pk"^
(=#Hs~H ^+=) J< _Q <~. XH `` A_Q"_ =`"
WO^ 'HO_= x_ LO_QQK<_.
U=Ò q"HO Hey L<, J\"_ `# H=# =$^KH_. `` *#=#
Q Oz#\ A_ , |^` _, |k=O`_ J~#\ =hx HO "` `_.
J\"xx QiOz, gOz, ~ O^=# x=$u KHx, ^*#= #O^
qb#_`_. <#~! ZO` `~HOQ, x~OH~OQ, _O|=^~=
O_ J<+ Qx, J\ =hx g` aOK^. `j_#"_ J\
=Hx gOz, J`xx #=~k ~K O`+OKe. =~HOQ,
`<+}^$+` tOz `H"e. =G=# O= ~OQ "# @, D =##
*# kOK =K~=` xO"e. JÒ` ^` O=h
x=iOKH"e. |k``, F~<~`, ` ~HOQ, ''W`_ W@
KC@ U L^=# H\ OKK<_? J##k *Q~ QOKe.

13. =^#O
F ~=KO^! `` A_ Hx "xx, `==Q P`# QOKx"xx,
L^=x "xx P`q+" t UO [#O?
J^qÔQ ''W`_ `` "`. P`q+" <HO> _ JkHOQ Ziy#"_
Jx è_ J`x` O+OKO_, J`_ Uk KCK<_ Jk QOKO_,
_"^` *#==# u~iOK"~ = LÔ =$^ "OQ~ =`".
122
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
tOK"_ ($K_) : tOK =O^ =#O tOK"x *# q*#`#
KHQ QOz LO_e. ''W`_ W\ q+" O_`_ Jx x~~OKHx# `~"`
tOKe. Z\ J#"# K J`x "="# JaO =# aO^
QOz LO_e. P`*# l*` tOKe Hx ''h= =~_=. h Uq è^
Jx x~OK@ tOK~^. XHxH è^x qOz#C_ =# H=#
P` =K~O aOK =~H=H HO J<+OK@K HO kxQ=Òk.
''=#x JOH~ ==H~= W`~ ^+=# ZOK@ ~~ J<
q+O =#O =~=~^. JA_# "xx tOz, JO`\ ` P` qK~ q+"
^~a= =~Hx, L`= *#= u~iOK"_ = ^$+ '=~_
=`". J`_ ~=~*#O Z\ O^`_?
=^#qK"_ : ''## tOKK# W`_ ~~= Uq\? W`x
=<^+= Z@=O\q? U LÔ`, Uq Hi t<_? U q^"# "H=,
^$O`= J`xx L^Q~ `xQ, `#YxQ K~? W`x J=^~} =~ O
Z\k? JxOk`=# x~= H"_<? #`#"# L#` `=# JOwHiOz,
PHoO KHQ_? Jx qìOKHx JC_ tOK"xH `y#@Q =^#O
W"e. =_Q J^=# Ug KH=@" =Ozk. tOK"x =~O
qKiOKO_ LÔ W=@O Kq\"x =O^ OYO iOK@O =O\^ HO_,
J`xx uH=H ~K@" J=Òk.

F ~=KO^! h= ^ }
jeq. uH "~ QO P~Oz#"_=. ^ }
H uq.
J\ h= t<=.
WH <#, |^=xK '^ H~ x~~OK|_#"_#. H H}= =`"
t+ #O_ uOQ H~H<"_x. H|\ =# Wî D Q~t+ OQO
=^~" H##k.

F ~"! h= ~ *#=#O^ = x}_=. <# K= ^xx ''Wk

J#=~H=Q `` = J# =#, Q~=O, L`= q= HeyO_=.
ZO^HO\"? "= J<H O=`~= `= H~ J<+OKO. `^<^K
=## iHO KHx P Gq+ ijeOKO. J<H=Ok L`= *#`
_, n~HO qK~} KO. ''`= Wk J< x~xH =KO. JO^K` =
"H= HO` q= HeyO_@O Lz`" H^! JC_ L` $+" # [#O
F == ==~
H ~ }
O G 123
LO@O^x < JaO. qOx "^x=^ L=#O H+=Q#> Q~=

qO xK@ J=Q# U~_@O JÔ.

<<! h= ==uq. JH~} q~_=. qK~}K r= 'Qux

QOz#"_=. D 'rq`= J#|_^xx, WOê [#=$` [~ ^Mk ^+=`
=QOQ K<=. h=O\ t+_ aOK@O _ = O`+H~"#
q+". "# =G=# Ò` KHQ ~OQ JO@Òk H^! D <
^ OQ hO^ "tOz JOH`=, ~=, q`= HQ^x <#
q<#. h= x#\ ~A eH# ^xx|\, ''D ~=x |k ~=~ qK~}
@ UHQ`, =~` Hey#k Jx "= =#O^~= xO KO.
~HOu x~ [O "tOK#@, <# ukOK `` ~= JH$u=OQ
(= ÔQ) O^~OQ h $^=xH "tOK#QH! <# KÔ`
| `~HOQ QOKe =! J@ qx, qKiOz, P h= Z@
x~~OKHO\" J> PKiOK=K.
P O^~ tOK=K. J~` J#=# x=$u H~, P`*#
=~# H =Q HeyO_ tOKe. =~"# "O_^= QH!
W ZO^HO@< #O\"? KOK"# D ''=# J< Hu ^K Q O~~}O
OKiOk. J\ =## ^ ~K H"e. O>, 'O~ ^$+ `# O K~,
=## J`= "Q iOK LO@Ok. JO^K` h J H =
Hey LO_ J=H=#k. `~HOQ ~=~ `` =< q<e. =`~"#
P= H"_" P`H ~== Z~Q@H tOK^= QH!

F =#=~! D 'P` qK~} q#\xH ^_K<~ H^! Jq"HO K`

J[`H~}OQ (Because of sheer ignorance) J` ==~=` H}H}O 'O~=
U~_@O D O~= H H}O. J\ O~=# H}~KHO_.
P`#u kOK#H<"~ ÔQ=H "`He. "ix QiOz "i`
*# qK~} K e. JC_ ` "q\, J` "q\ g~ +O Q `H#Q~.
^##O_, x~O`~ ÔQO P~OK "iH JÒQ< q"H= L^~Oz
qHOk. J\ q"H =$H= H =^~ =x ~" ''"H= Jx
K|_Òk.

124
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
14. "HO
F ~=KO^! ''"H= J#|_ ~*k~A H ^~#O H"O> h= #Q~
^~# P~OKe.
1) == Inner Calmness
2) qK~} Enquiry
3) O`+= Contentment
4) ÔQ= Company of Holy men
D <e\ x `~HOQ J OKe. <e\ x XHi J OK@O H+= x,
HhO U =_\ <, ~O_\ < JOK. JC_ P ^~ h H~ "H^~O
`~~. Jk_ H+=#HO>, P #Qi U XH ^~_<< }
}OQ >< ~, P~Oz Pq`xQ KH. P #Qi XH~ h ="`
qQ` =Q~ `=O`@ `" ==`~.
G=, * # =, ` , ` (" ^ = ) - g\ H q" H = ` "
Q_QK<_. J\ q"H PHO ~x= ~[# '+_ JQK<_.
'K^#O K` h~ Q_ H_Òk H^! ` =O^= K`< (i J~#
`=# P~OKH=@K`<) D r=x |k [_Ò O^Òk. eÒQ
''<# D H, K` Hey#\ XH<H uH s~=#. nx =$kH <
O|OkOz#" J< =# ^$__Òk.
J~` ~=KO^! h= =Ò ''[#=, Q}=, G^$+ =# qHO z#
JO`H~}O Ok L<=. `= K= iHOKH#C_ =O^"# 'g}^xx
q#QQ`~ H^! L~H " # LÒ`, *#` L#\ h= <# K =
"H= qx, ` q+= `H QOKQ=.

Uk U"< h= G=z`"# ^# - H Qk J (Practice) -

"~Q= (Analysis) # =Ò =^=^. "\ O K`< hO^ `~Qx
[# O^ ~O HQ^. "@"^@ ''<# D O~= #O_ q_=_=O^
Jx xO KH. G, [# OQ`=# Q ''H"# qK~} J#
~=Q ` x~iOK. J^x =# h *H =iÒk.
F ~[#~! ^=Q z`=` D "+ ~=}k P` `` ^H=Q
G= ijeOKO_. ''WC_ J=h = HO^? J# ~=Q =~`=#
F == ==~
H ~ }
O G 125
=Ô_. D O~ ==$H=# Q=xOK~? XH H P= =$^ JQK#k.

x^~z =<*_=# `lOKO_. JAQ"ix (The Ignorant Lot) D O~=
x`= "yOKK< L#k. =~`=# #tOKO> `" UHH=~O.
'|^H=, ^~, JqK~= J< =_ q+~= D 'rq`= J< ^=#
~^ q+iÒ K<~. Jq $^=# Oz`~ LO> =#=_#"_
K Z T~O@<_ = J~O J=@O ^.
AQ"iO^ x` #` H#=Ok. ZO^K`? `` ^$+ K`< =!
"O x PHOx KO^x P^ H~}= H=#O` Y=O K~
H^! Z=x |k ~~ qK~}K P` *#=# QOKQQÒ^ J\"xO^
|#O^= |~` =Òk. J\ |k H"_ '~+_ Jx JxOKHO@<_.
J\ L`= qK~}j`, `` ^$+ #\ |k H"xx U=x " ## J_Q=^.
JO^K` F ~[#~! g~O` ''`"~`=, K=, Ou "^#
L`= Q}=` _#k - J~#\ |kx OOkOKHO_.

15. [Q`=} H_
F ~=KO^! h =# KH\ Q}=` _ L#k. K#k QOKQ
H;|k Hey<=. =zÒQ tOKQ=. h@ Q P`K,
~[#Q J"["# =K HH} ^$+` L`==Q `` *# qK~}
~OaOK=K<#. JO^ J#=Q h =## =~ =~ ~["Q}~Ò
K~. `~HOQ =## ~~KHx, *#= q#\xH ÔQ LO_.
< Ò_Q |^=x 'Ja+# J#iOz, x# xqÒQ KHx, ~[#
=O^ D P` qK~}# LOKK<#.
h $Ô q"HO, J<K =#O_ P~"#k. KO^_ O>
PHO JOÔQ LO@O^? H= qH? L^=# JÒ` `y#"_"#
h =#, hH O^~"# =# D < 'L^= L`=" HtOKQ^.
=# D 'qK~} H ~=, H = J~ L#\ ''~=^= J# ^xx
=iOK@K _O|~ ^$+h =`~.
F ~"! D O~= HQ*Q ''z`=_O U=Ò "# q+O
H^ =! '*#= J#|_ LO K` =`" =<=$`h OQ ~
LO\~.
126
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
D O~=# [~OK\xH ~O_ L= *# =# KCK<~.
1) Q= (}==, ^~} "^#q)
2) qK~} (Self enquiry)
D ~O_ LH~}= 'qK~} J##k Ju "#k. ~=~ *#=#
[# Q = `_ qKiOK@O [iy` J" "# [#=# kOKQ ^.
''J\ '*#qK~}K ^Y=h #t~ J#@O U=Ò O^ O^ . JO^K`
qK~}~Q "ix # KO_^~QH! "~ J<H=Ok r=# O~
xH$+`= #O_ H_Q~.

F [#~! g~O` q" H"e. = `# |=# q_K#@, 'Pk

J# ~Q =<"^ ~ # zH` # P~OKO_. qK~}^# P~Oz#"~,
` O^, P`q+ " J#= =# OOkOKHO_. H=OQ, [~L^Q~ `,
jÒ`H~} D [Q`#O` XH WO^*== îOK@ JOKO_. g~
WC_, WH_ ''=H^~#=# J=~HH~ ... `èÒQ J<H ^Y
~O~~< O^=K<~x Ki<#.
D O~=@ PH HeyO_@=<k Ju OH~" # q+ O. ''D O~=
J#~H~"#^ H^! J< OH# D r=_ Hey LO_e. H` Wk "QQ
r=# == H@"Ok. =_` _# =G== kOk. `_=
H\ _Ok. K~Hu= Q~Ok. Jy= Ôk. xa_O^H~"# ~u=
K# Q_Òk. `= `|_# x=~~= < Ok. O`
[=xH q~|_# QH~~= |k O^ ^+ =$`# >Òk. K#q
Hx "O^H~O (#~)xH `"Ok.
^$H O~= H =~O. O~_Q "_ J#qOKx
^Y= O@ LO_=. J\ ^~O`=Q q+ qzH"kH WH_ `y# zH`
KH"e. O>, Jk '~H=O xi`= J~ L#\ |O^[# s~=O^
''P! g~O` <"~! < O|OkOz#"~ J##\ =~H"# ==H~=O`
HQ*Q^. J@ OK #~H`# 'JO` O` LO_^.
J*x H `# Z\= x K QO? J`_ XHK@ ~ H O K==Ok.
=~HK@ HuH` J#q<_. HO_g^ #Oz îOK|_K<_. ~
"kO|_K<_. x^H=@O, HO_O` s s~ O^@O W`k J<H
F == ==~
H ~ }
O G 127
`# J#q<_. <#~! =~ =~ Q~ K<#. K+`

_Hx# D O~ OÒ Ju ^~}"# kQ "= QiOKO. nxx Q=xOK O_,
`y# qzH` ~H"# L a#\ '=#= [# J# J=H=# =$^
KH=@O LzÒ Z\ J=Òk? H#H 'J^ J# *_=# `lOKO_.
`j~HO_.
'G qK~} =#< L`= aOk. G= JO> Uq\? HO^~
=h - ''D ^$=, WOê ^~#=O =`" rq`= H 'H =,
B#`=, ~==k H^. D ^$= "tOz# < O|OkOz#, ~O
q+ " ` "^ L#k - Jx QiOz JÒ` `j~ P ` =# Q < ~.
`k`~ "iH Q J"["# = H~}OQ J\ `=# qkq^#=Q
`= ~=#, qK~} ~=# H\ < ~. J\" D G=. '=#=[#
J# J=H= aOz#O^Q#, J\ G= O Hi L`= qK~}
P~OKe. ``=#, x`x`=# QOKe. ''HO^~ q" O~
^Y=# Z\ [~<~? O~ _#O #\H, x~O`~O P#O^z`
Z\ OKiOKQQK<~? D q+= Q=xOK|_QH! '*#= J#
H=K=# îOzO_@ K`< "iHk ^_K#k =!

q^z`Q J<H=Ok =#= i~|^ =< D O~O,

D q, H`H~ ÒQ, qH = x"~ OKiOK@O [~QÒk. =#=<
''="|^ ''="H ~ _ H#=KK<~. J> ^=`
^#= ` r= q+O _! JO^K` ~=KO^! D '"= J##k
Z\Q< ~, H}OK|_e. JO^ *<^" LO. *# =OK`
P``` = =Q< H\ Ò HQ^.
F [#~! D K= qK~}# KHQ ijeOKO_. D 'qK~} O`
g q[ ` # xt` O K HO_ . $^ O J=Hx #\
''"~QH`H=# (Delusion, Attachment, Inquisitiveness with out usefullness)
|_ H@O_. JC_ D $^H=#O^ P`H= i_qÒk. J\
u D r=# D [Q^ ~=h 'bQ, 'H_Q< LO\~Qx, '_Q
H^. K`#=`=Q (H<~`=Q, ^ ~=Q) ''P` #O HQ,
JC_ ~=Ou aOk. '~=`= J#|_ J=~=# ~kÔ@Ok.
JO`H~}= |~==Òk.
128
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
F ~#O^<! *# D [Q^=}=O` H_Q< `KK#k =! H|\
h= *xq JQ=.
D 's~= ~ÔQ#, D 'WOk= ~^KH=Q#, D 'OK}=
S^ Q]=Q#, D =#Q=Q# ^ K` LO\~. P#O^" nx
Q=#O. J\ ^~^=# Jk~Oz# D r=_ ''^z`= H O
K` [Q^ =~=O` ''P#O^~=Q H_Q< îOKQQe Qx ^~~OQ
H^.
J^ = D `= H UHH H =.

16. q" Jq"

F ~=KO^! D q q", Jq" _ OKiOKK<~. "i
QiOz Hx q+ K`# q#.
=#O qKiOK D ''JYO_ ~=} G= U q"H=# ukO^,
... J\ q"H^$+ Hey L#\ ZO^~ |k=O` <~=# J#iOz#"~
P`H`~O Ok<~. P`*# =x` ~*k~A= D q
OKiOK~, OKiOKK<~. J\"~ D @O| == LO_ LO_=K ^,
D == (Q$=O) `lOz gk (<=O) LO_=K. ZH_ L#\H
"~ ^xH~H < HOK@ ^ . iOK@ ^ . ^xh H~~ . `lOK~ . =
=^ KO^~. G q~^=# "\H ^~OQ LO@ LO\~. ''q`` O^
~^ ` LO\~. "~ Uk K< =H~, J<H=Ok [# J#`
H~ JO@Ok. Jx" <~=< ` ~HOQ Hi LO\~. ''D
D ^~= h <O_e. Wq Oê. Wq `Qe W\ ~=Q |k ~H" #
@ ^ K "~ k O | _ ~ . ~ O @# H '' ~ ~ = #,
''``=# QOz LO_@K "~ ^xH, U=Ò L^Q_~. J~#\H
P H ^~=# ~ #`# ^$+ @Hx x~i LO\~.
=# Uk, ZC_, Z@ J#", Lz`" J> =i LO\~.
JO`~OQ=# =Ò ~^ P` x+ LO\~. x+ LO\~.
D HOx "i ~HH ([#=$`=) _ |k~H= H=.
JO^K` "~ Kk, eH k x=" J=Òk. ''~= ^= J#Q U" Q OK|_#
`~"`, =H~=, ^$+ Q `[= (QOK@ `lOK@)
F == ==~
H ~ }
O G 129
#~=Q< LO\~. ~q^=# WK#, H~ $`=# i`lOz#"~,

~^ =^~"# =<=$u Hey LO\~. O` ~==Q ''|H~ =$uK
KO^H~}==O\ 'O``# J#q LO\~. P` == `H#"_
D ==Q ''^$= J< WO^*=# Kz PHi`_ H_. qHi`_ H_.
"\H H~}"# "## J#iOK_.
''K =$[, ~"= q~l` (XIII.8)
K=# q_<_#"_ W`~" ~^ (kOz) L#\ ~=`
Y=#O^ q~l` LO\_.
J~` J\ r=#H`= P`^~#=K` =`" aOk. JO` qOz "~
LO ^. JO^K` =#A_ qK~} =x`"# '|k` =rq`=
'P`<+}= K< LO_e. P``` =< L *#=# Oê. D
HH~HH H~# _ Jk ^$+ @Hx, JO^H~H x~iOKe. =iOHO^
H~ H^.
=i P`#=O O^^\? J" J#==# O KOk.
G=# P~Oz =K~=O` QOKe. #"# `=#
P~OKe. Q~=# gOz K~H# |k` "i L^=x JO`s#
~x QOKe. Uk U"#\H, `= K"_ P`==# O^K<_.

F [#~! ~=# x~OKK, =` =K#=# _Kqx @K

=_` =K x~}OQ J+H + = # `z@HHO_. =#Ax ''J*#O Jq"HO
kOK#O`Q "^ Qx, P^ Qx kOK= . JO^K` g~ J*#=K
kO|_K<~, ij<`H"# ^$+` QOKO_.

WH_ ''~"= q~l` Jx =i =`~"# QO K~. '"H= H '=H
J#|_#k H`Q O^|_== H^. Jk x`" r=x "= ~" W`~" ~^
kO z L#k. =i =#O uOKÔ ` ^x H~ ? =H ~=Q =#~=# H #\
=# (^ ''<# r=_# |^_ # J# Ja ~O Q J*#=#) =`" `yOKH#@
J~L#k. =#O^, D ~= #O^ ~"# P` == îOKQ O^~"# ^$+ ~_e.
J\ ^$+H H ~" O`=Q +O Ke. JC_ x`x~`" =# J#H} #= O J=Òk.
''=#=O^~= UHH P`~" J##\ Z~H# K= =O\ 'WOk `= H
LOKÒk. ^$=@ Q |O^~H"# J#=O, PH `yOK\xH x==, G=,
[=, qkq^#= L<~ J##k *# JaO.
130
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
HOK= OiOK|_# ^$+ H"~ D G=# i "i J*#O Ò_
`yÒk. "iH Wk Ò_ `__Q^. WH ''~=`# O^> = rq`
H = J# x~=Q =h` Wk =} =^~", P` Y^H=
HQ^. u $Ò^ ("^~}=O^) HO` =~Q~OQ K|_# q+"
D 'Q"+= #O^ J<H O^~"# ^$O`=`, H^#=` +=Q,
= \Q K|_Ok. JO^K` === nxx P=QO iOz, P
`~"`, < D Ja=H x*x[= `=`" x~~OKH<^~ QH!
J, D r=# `K"#, H~}"#, Jx"~"# P^h ZH_ #O_
<~? =~`= #O_ =! =~OQ =_x= rqÒ Q__O HO>,
XH =_ fHx J_uO@ LO_@O LzÒ. pH\ #u<, K@ `]<
XH '~QQ XO@iQ rqÒ Q_@O =Ozk.
"H" L#\ D QO^= H OK '*# HOux O^"~
"O^H~OK` Q_"~ J=@O [~Q^. '`$+ J<k q"H= L^~OK#O` H"
LO@Ok. `$+ L#O`HO "^# `=.
F [#~! =O_. D GqK~}# J#i ~O_. O~ |O^=# Òz
"@ H$`x J=O_. ==O\ P, `, ^~=, G=
uk#^q\ KHQ q#O_. QOKO_. J<H =}= OK`,
=#Oîx P` = ~=q\ g =O^ LOK=K<=. ~=Q
P`# QOz, JO^ ~Q"~ = =~=< r=# "QO^Q~.
D O~O ^Y= XH^x "#H =~H\ =z `< LO\~. nxH
JO` LO_^. WH WO^ q} q}=O@ HxOK 'Y= =`".
JO^K` ~=! h= Jx= ^Y=` _# D O~ Y=" ^$+
=~O_^= QH! q"HQ"_ ''H~`=, Jkf=, J#O`=,
~=`= J~#\ "H^= O^@H Ò K<_. =#
#O_ H== H^= "^# ^+=# `yOKHO@<~.
D ~*k Y=`#, J#<k Q=`# O`+ Ok rqOK"~
= ^$+ Q_ H =O\ "~. 'J*x =`" D WOk q+#==
K Q"#@ qOz, "\"O@ ~Q f<_. eÒQ J<H ^Y=K,
P^K, "=K J#H}O _O |_K<_. J=h ""xH |
=OKH"#=x, q`~O H#|_ `=#x h "~Q K=# x U=#k?
"\O^ PH Hey#\ r= '"= J< pH\ zO@<~. P
F == ==~
H ~ }
O G 131
P uOQ J<H =#, #~H=#, ^Y=#, H+=# O^@O

[~QÒk.
D Y^M ~ ~ <H~ = Q "QpH@ =O\q. Q , Jq H} O Q~=
_. Jq JÒ` ^H"# "H=# K~Q"? ^. D Y=
^Y= =#=J==#= PtOK@ Ja=xOK@ OzH OQu /
O^~ = # ^xOK@ Ja Q= HeyO_@ ~+= "^# ==K
|OkO|_# "~ q~H` _# q"H=# O^*~. ""xH 'q"H JQ"_
=`" Q "H= ~O_O\x JO^Hx, ~ =O^h_QK<_.

F r=_! h= =# ZO^ O^`=? ''<# _# J##\

J`=#, n#`=# H\ \ ~=q"H=# P~OK. h ="q\ D
''Q"+O J< ^~}=# LyOz QOK. "~QO PKiOK@K D
O~Q~=# Ju OQ ^\ "Q=.
J~` J`j} =Ò u=~ _ H_~. 'q"H J~#"_
J`=O`_ D O~= O^ xîOK_. "HO QiOz, ^=Q
~= QiOz qKiOKO_ q+#O^= =`" H =Q HeyO_,
~A Q_@O ZO`=~ LzÒ? D O~= zHx, `# q"K#=#H
uOKx"_ `Q |_K# WO\x XH Q_ # =`_ qOu O^K#"_
J=`_.
H=#"# ^= H=O *#= =# =`" aOk. WO^ U=Ò
OÔ ^. XH" ''|= J##k ZH_#k? LO> = H#|_e H^?
Jx JO\~"! |= LO_h, O_h. qK~} K `=#k? 'qK~} J#Q<
ZO^ iH`# O, |^H O =Oz LO_e? ''WC_ ~= QiOz è#^xH<
qK~}K J<H q+ Q OK@K ` K ~Q ^ Jx [# qOK^~ QH.
''J\ `= r=# D O~Q~= #O_ ^\Oz"Q^ Jx ~[#
=# HQK@ P=QQ "= = J#== H ~=Q
H\ OKK<=.

F a~! ''"H= Jx K|_K# ^$ ==~=# Jf`"#\,

gH <H ~H ~" J~#\ ''` =#= (Absolute
Existence) J# ~=Q XH<H u H^. D "HO "= = J#==O`
132
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
~OQiOz KC K<O. g~O` J\ "H Q H"e. D qK~}=O` H\ O K@O
= Q LÔ J^. ^~=#, KG=# P~OK@K, qK~}K,
~O`~qQ D~x (P`^=x) J#QOK Z=~< J\ ux O^=K.
J\ ^K`# ~= QiOz qKiOKO_. JC_ ` O^Q~. D
=H= J\ "H u HO> x~"#k, = - OH~`"#k =~H\
LO_^. WOk Y=, ~Y= W=h `=#=Q "H u`
eK ~x =O^ 'kq\ =O\q =`" =! g $Ô ''"=
"HO `H"e J< =$u H#H HeyO^ WH "HO O^\xH Z@=O\
P@OHO LO_^. JO^K` `^$+` WOê qK~}# QOKO_.

17. =<[O
<#~! ^#=Qx, |O^q`Qx, f~`Qx, } H`=
x=OK@Qx, D H K`` x~iOK|_ H~ K`Qx, D s~=#
qOK #\ L"^=#Qx '"H= J##k aOKk H^. =~\ a O k?
q#O_.
=}O ~=Q P`H ~ == QiOz G=, Q~=
K =K~O ^Q q#@O.
=##O JOê =~x $Ô =~ =~ qK~}K ~O
KH=@O.
xk^ =# iiq^ O_ x=iOK@O
P`H ==# \ JYO_` =, x``=, ~ `=, J" `=
J#= =# `K H=@O. J\ J^ (thought constancy) Hey LO_@O.
P` q+" D q^=# ~+`= K`< =# [~OK|_Òk.
=# |~=, ~=`=K xO|_Q JC_ ''P =#, ^xH HQ
g~ _ ''^`= J~ +OKQ~. =~ =## Ok#\ g~
'|=Q< Ht~. J\ u u r=xH "==Q ~=H "#k.
D r=_ Ziy<, Z~Q< J`x H ~ ``= JO^H~H. Hx, P
q+O H=Q (`# `< xiOKHx#) ==~} H~}OK` =~KK<_.
H J^ KK, ''D =* =~# < UHH H O Jx qOKK<_.
JO^K`< Jq Ok<, H O^< P`_ ~`= H J#==# U=Ò
F == ==~
H ~ }
O G 133
O^@ ^. ""xH, J`xH J#==QK# JO`$ 'Pù H =K~O

=iOK HH=@ K`< HQK#k.
~ JO`$# `yOKQ |^= (H=b u, H =^# u)
qK~}= (Enquiry) K`< xtÒ HQ^. JO^Q#, D Ôk=#
JkQqOz#\ L`= q"H= P=H"#k. L`="# ^xHO "#k
`lOK@O Hqk`" H^! ''|^= J#|_ O` ux H~H##\"~,
^Y*" J~#\ (H ^Y *=Q i}qOK=#\) q+ ==~=#
i`l<~. ^$ ==~=# JkQqOK@H~H f=`j~QK<~.
==, YH~= J~#\ P#= ~x OQ ~^$ ==~=#
H;|k` qKiOKK<~. J\ qK~}K H~`=Q P` ^=# Ok#"~
[#~`QK<~. J\"i H qK~} Z\^ =#O =O^ =O^
ijeOK`<O. F ~ "! =# D x J< , J> D qQ , J<H= Ok
^ = P ~= ^= QiOz `H< L<~. Jk = Y= ~= =k,
Z#xk, <#~`"#k, J=$` `=x "~OîH `. J<H=Ok *#
JaO H_HiOz, "\x _ =O^ - =O^ JH_H_ H\ OK=K<#.
<<! ~=! D OKO Hx =^~"# ^~= L#=@ x[".
J~` J=h XH<\H #tOK" H^! J~<, ZO_== h~ ZH_O@Ok
KC? D ~, =~, ` H= "==, `= J~#\ Y=#
kOKQ ^~=O@ ZH_ Un ^. JO^K` Ou O`+= ^~
=<[O kOK@ Lz`=, L`== _. J\ =<[= #O_ =`"
UH~ ~=Q P#O^= aOKK#k. JO^ q"HO qHOKe. J\ q"H=K
=#Ou ~"#\ ''P`Ô J< ~= YO aOk.
J\ P`*#= H~ ^=, ^#=, =#k r= Z=~< ~, `y
L<~. Jk u XHi ~" H#H ''nxH D D ^H *` O|OkOz#"~
`y#"~ J##k Lz`= H^. 'D qK~} giH =`" iqÒ J##k =
L^" H^.
nxx iOK@ P`==# ^xOK@ J=Òk. Q, W\ P`qK~}
K\xH, (P` QiOz =K~O QOK\xH) U=Ò s~ i= J=~O
^ . J\ =H Y= Ok#"x JO`~O Q= OÒQ, x~OQ, = ~ ÒQ,

''<= OH~< ^< ~"kHi} : <= OH~#=#, ^#=# ~ `y#"~.
134
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
=#OQ, "OK#OQ LO_Q^. JO^K` J\ P` q+" Z~HQ"_
''OKO U^ <# O^H <? J< ~Q` HeyO__. ''Wk Z><
`Qe. JC_Qx =iHOî= <# O`+_# H# J##\ P"i`"#
Jax"= Hey LO__. ^x\ _ @^ Qx, ^+"= Qx Hey
LO__. D ^$ ^~= "= J"==q\ J`xH èÒk.
J`_ "u`=# H~ PKiOz#\H, ''nxHO`\ H H~# <# J#
L^QO O^_. JH~==< ~^, P~Oz LO\_. H#H, P H~
e`= J`xH JO@=.
F ~=KO^! PHO P ~Q"#x K_. P# ^x<< O^@O Qx,
`lOK@O Qx K<_? ''Wk H"e? giH HiOKe? Wk W> LO_e J#
""O O_< $+x ~ ^~= H~_QK<_ H^! P`*x _
Un O^_, `lOK_. xi_, LO@< _, H~=~_ H~# x~i
LO\_.
WH WC_ =#O ''"H= J< ~A H ^~Q =, qK~},
O`+, ÒQ== QiOz qKi^=?

18. == ( `$~`= - O`=)

Inner calmness
WOkxQ ~=Q O` u '==. ''=# P#,
=# `lOz ~^ O`=Q, `$~ÒQ LO_@ J# ^x<
'== Jx JO@<O. Ou, P#O^=` ~" LO_ LO_@ '==.

''<# Y=# O^^#QH J##^ 'M H^. J\ 'Y^= J<

^+= K` D O~ O[~O xiOK|_Ok. D q~"# O~ Z_i '==
J##k '~ (Oasis) =O\k. ~_ JqOKQ, ~KO^_ L^~OK@K P
KO^x H~}= WH u<# O` ~~. J> == L#K@ O``
LO@Ok.

JH~ ''<-O H~! <=HOz` H~q! |O^"H `"? <# ^xH H~# H^. (Un
<<<< Jk) Uq K#k H^. WH < |O^ "H_k? "H"H_k?
F == ==~
H ~ }
O G 135
'== =# aOk. Jk =H^`, H~=, Ou x"~H=

_. Z=_` =OH$`_, `$_, O`_, x~_ LO\_, J\"xH `=
_ q` J=`~. P`_ q+== a`_. Z=i =YO == ~^
aÒ^, J\"i =O^ ~KO^_ ZO^ xH=_? ^x=# HeQ
P#OÔ =H=x O^ a =Ò O^?
~_ L^~ U qÔQ J~` pH\ LO_@O [~Q^, J^ qÔQ
O`z`x =# _ ^Y=, `$+, ^~~"# =<"^ K@
LO_^. O`z`x O^ aOK =<qH uH, D q+#O^=,
=HO`~"# (U#Q^= LO_#\) ^=O@Ok.
=`_, ~r= @ |k Q [#xO^ ~`` = `#O`@`<
iOk. ==x`x = Hi# "# $^ = H"~ _ `= èx qOK#@
q~. q~. F ~=KO^! WO^^q =#Qx, q+^q =#Qx, ''==
#O^ aOK#O`\ Y= aOK^x O\^=Q H\ <#.
D r=_ '`$+ J< OK` |OkO|_, J<H s~H, =#H ~Q`` H`
KO^K<_. J~` D =# 'Ou J< J=$Ò qOK@O [iy` `$h
`=O`@ `" q_`~. ~"O^ Oux qOK> '== J#k. =`!
== =# j`Ò Ok# |k` Uk PKi", Uk Q" Jk =`"
=^~OQ LO@Ok. Ou` _Hx Oz# ''P#OÔ H JO XH `H`
L#k. Jk U"< O@# H~}OQ qzu (Breaking) Ok#\H, Hk =O
J`x =<|^ uiy Oux OìOKHQ=. WOk#O^= J\k H^.
==` _Hx# =Hx K=Qx, ~HQx, q~^Qx,
=Qx kOK=. ^+OK=. }= XH =[=# KkOK QQÒ^?
Ou^ J< H=Kx îOz#"xx D OiH ^Y= Ug K=. XH_
==, K=, L=#= Ok#\ |k` _Hx L#C_ aOK#@ XH
=~A JO`~O _ aOK_. <<! <# }=#_# XH `x
Kz#\HO> _ Ou P#O^=` _# =`} Kz#_ Z=
P#OÔ O^`#.
Z=_` =`_ ^=`_, H^=Q =~# HeyO\_,
J`x rq`" ^#=. WH W`~ rq`= '=~= J Z=. =`_
Ja#O^h_. xQi, Ou`_ JQ"_ x~iOK H~ h=`~.
=`_ Z\ LO\_?
136
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
''U =H J~` ==~= K_@O [iy<, q#@O [iy<,
iOK==z<, J`_ ~=Qx, q^= Qx O^_, J`_ =`_.
J\ O`_ `q+` Y=g H~_. Oz# q+=# `lOK_.
`~HOQ WOk=# =Ò [~Oz " LO\_. ~ `=@ '==
J~#\ ^~#= Hey LO\_. J@ LO_@ == H ~H+. J`_
W`~ \=# ^~} =# K _ JO`~O Q=O^ ''=~ P"=
P"^# =O\q O^_. `# JO`~OQ=# ^_ LO@, Z\H Uk =z`"
J> `^#OQ =Ò =~## H\ LO\_. =~Hi "C H~ HO_
H=O ''"H= H ''Q} ^+x=$u H~ =`" ^=# P
H~# zÒQ PKi LO\_.
`- #`~=, #$+u #u
+= 'O` Wu H^` II (XIII.75)
D OK ==~=O^ J`_ _ W`~=< u Ok LO_=K#.

Hx JH~ $` =#K ^xO^ _ '`_ HO_< LO\_. J`xH ~=Qx,
H^= Qx LO_^ . +` =#"# ` # , O`=# Jx" Jx i` O^
Hey LO\_. Z=x =#` =~} ==#O^, L`= ==#O^ _ U
=Ò , H^, ""= OÔ_ LO@O^, ~KOâO|== `#
~`= `lOKO_ LO@O^ J\ =# H"_ O`_, =`_
_.
== JOK"_ J""# =O Hey LO\_. P`x ^$+ H
r=@ J=$`"O= =^~OQ ~ =#Ò` i`=` LO@Ok.
J`_ ~^, ~" jÒ`H~}_ LO\_. XH" q+#==#O^
=iOK= =z#\H "\@ =_=, =~= Hey LO__. JOQ_
D D ^$ O~ ==~=O`\ h '^~Q=O [iQ XH *`~Q K
LO\_. z~HOQ LO_ P^ J`xx H$OQn=. HaO*=. F ~=!
''` K"_ J<H q+= è#"_ [= K#"_ ~A
|=O`_ Q q+=` _Hx# Q}=O`_ .... g~Oî O`_ =
LÔ ~^ aOKK<_. J`_ ~=#OÔ` D q OKi LO>,
=` P#O^~ = ~ J=Òk. ==, `$~ `= J~#\ J`x JO`~O Q=
#O_ JÒQ< 'O`` ~=#O^= J< H~}O[= "=_`
LO\~.
F == ==~
H ~ }
O G 137
OH@ ==O^, #=O^ Ou Q | ^~#OQ

K|_Òk. J\ 'Ou - [#= J# |~H== H"_ ZH_O>
JH_ P i~ q`=`~.
F ~#O^<! h= '== J< P~}O K~H. J^xx h#O_ =~=~
iOK#O`Q =$Ô KH! =`#"~ D ==# `=O^ Q=Q
k~KHx, WH P =# =Ò P uQ`# |\ =i LO\~.
nxx J=OaOz#"~ ''"H= H ''~=^=# Ok#>. h= _ =,
Ou`_" ~^ O` QOc~`=# J=Oa H=#_=^= QH!

19. qK~} (Enquiry)

D H~ H~} ==~=O` Q=xOKK# =#=_ G *#=#
P~OKe. x~=, q`= J~#\ |k` x~O`~O P` qK~} K LO_e.
J\ qK~}K |k xt`" ~= ^=# QOKQ^. ''n~ O~= J<
XH<H ^+= D r=x \ _Ok. JO^ k="# B+Ô qK~} =!
D P^h ZH_ #O_ =<~? ~Q^k =$` #O_ H^! 'qK~}
J< K~Hu` D x~O`~O # ~Q^+=# z<a#O Ke. J=$k,
|O^ = =$u, s~H ^ "^# H+ ==#, J> Y==#,
ZH_#O_ "= =z_ A_#"_ q"H=# _ H"Ok. =i J\
O~ Ò^ L"q\? qK~}.
`` q=~ KQQK# O_` _ qK~} ^#=QK#k.
qK~}|O K`< `~+ |k J=# i`lOz, =# P~OK@O
[~QÒk. =hO^~ `= qK~}H K`< |k, |=, `[=,
=z`"# ~}, L`= `= "^#"\x P~OK@O, "\
è`=# O^@O [~QÒk.
<<! ~=! ''qK~} J<k, ''Wk Lz`=. Wk J#z`= J#^xx
HtO* n= =O\k. Jc+ ^#"#\ qK~}# P~OK =hO`
O~ =^=# ^\" QQK<~. q"H=# H"#\ ="
=O`\ h, XH 'qK~} =`" \OK KQ^. =_Q"~ qK~}
O_@K`< H=# = J<H [#~O~ O^K<~. "~ ZH_
HH`mOQ qK~}K D O~ ==~=O` Q=xOz#"~ ''J! JOQ`=,
138
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
J`=, ^+i`= J~# U^ ==O z#@<"? WÔ`
ZH_ #O_ îOzOk? J WÔ` Uq\? <<=_#? J# ^k=~ (Uk
`=, Uk J`=? J# g=O) =<~. JC_ D O~=# ^@@
L=# "`H, Ok, PKiOz =H <O^K<~. J@ =H<O^Q~ "iH
D G= KiOK|_# q+= ZO`Q< HiOKQ^x JOîH =#q
K<=.
'=H J##k, ''WO^ Uk `=? Uk J`=? Uk `=? Uk
"==? Jx qKiOK@ K`< ^_K#k. HH=Q ~[=, O^,
Q=, ~HH"#\ "H= Jh qK~} `= (Enquiry & effort) J#
~O_\ K`< k<~. qK~}, q"H=` _# |k PÔ^ _ H$OQ^.
ZO_# ~H |] h\ =#QÒ^? ij#, qK~} J=OaOK"~ D
O~ \\OK "yOK|_H, +" # [#=# H =Q Hey LO@<~.

F [#~! ^Y" JOu= [#OQ Q J<H HH ==~= =~

$Ô u+ "Hx LO@<~. |zÒQ ==`=# H"<~.
<#~! D r=_ '"= xk<_. J\ "= J<H ^~~ ^
Y= H~}=QK#^x Ki<#. J~` ''"x^ J< ^=,
''qK~}~`= J#^xH ~^" =! Jk H= r=# =`
QÒk. Z#_< `[ ~_Q ~_ 'pH\ =#Q`_? ^H^!
qK~}``~_#"_, ''q+= J< |~^` xO_# n~ "=#O^
x=Q_ H_. =~ =~ Q~ K<#, 'rq`= J#^x JqK~} K`<
"= J##k Ò_qOK@O [~QÒk.
qK~}K qHO z# =# aOKK#k. J! =_| ^ Q J< 'qK~}
O_< rqÒ Q_"<~? Z^~Q U=Ò #\ ^=# _
QOKK#@, qK~}#_ q+= K`_ OOK|_K<_. J`_
P^#, ^Y=# `# O^K, W`~ Oz@K<_. =~_
'P`qK~} O|OkOz# =K~" îK~h@^. ''WÔ` =Hq
LHiOk? Z=~ U^ K` "= Q_`=? Z=~ = K~. = Qu
WO` Jx P` q+H"# *<x u~i, "O_`#= =<_. ''Uk Z\
Jk J> JQQH! "q> LO\=. ^Y=? ~xO_. Z=~= Uq KO? Jx
KCO@ qK~} K@Qx, q#@Qx ^_x"iH Z=~O Uq KÒ?
J\"ix ^~OQ `lOK@ =Ozk.
F == ==~
H ~ }
O G 139
'^= J#|_^x J#=O pH\ =`" Ok H^! D OKO

qK~} H=@ K`< W`~# OOK@O, =#H "^ "^#q
Oq<~. = LÔ q"H#_ x~# Ôx K@Q x+[_.
U =# "OK #" , qK~ ` " LO@O^, J k ~ = #O^ "
O^QQÒk. J\ L`="# =# qK~} x"iH aOK@ ^. qK~}
H"x|k =`" ~=~ ^ `y LO@Ok. ''q"H= J##k qK~}H
e `" H^! qK~} =~ = H"~ `= L#K@ ~ =
=# `yOKK,
^k aOK K<~. XH 'qK~} J##k =`" D O~ =#
`yOK Q^. J^ D H#|_ ^$=# J`=OQ K KQ^.

D [Q` LO_ ^~=h qKiOz K_#O`=~H =<~OQ Hx~.

qKiOz K<, WÔ` =\~~Q< J~=x è Òk. F ~=! D
O~= J#|_ =<`=# Q=xOK"? Wk =#Ax =<"OK` =`"
HeOK|_Ok. J<H ^Y=# He#\ Wk, 'qK~} K`< ~Oz Òk.
'H== J##k ~"+=#=, Y^=, ^~`=, JYO_`=
J#k. Jk J#=~HOQ "= KC#k. J\ H== kK~} K`<
Ok. qK~}K ''<# W\ "H ~_< J# Z~H L^~OKQ, JC_
'x=Ò (XH<H\ O^=#<_ ""O O_@) ^#O`@ J^ Ok.
JC_ D r=_ =Q L^~_, x_, P#O^~ ~_ JQK<_.
+`=# kOKQ 'qK~} J< L`= B+Ô qOz#"x z`=, WH ^xx
H~H#^. ^xx `lOK^. HiOK|_x K@ `lOK@O Uq LO@Ok? J`_
H=OQ Q`[=# JkQqOz# O` ux xO KO@<_.

z`= |==# P~, WH "#h `=O`@ `" #t~.

JC_z`= 'PH== L^== H LO@Ok. J\ =H D q
[Q`# H=O H= K LO\_. WH J`_ ZC_ Qx, "Qx
x=OK_. U q^"# ^Y=# O^_. ''D D H~ << K<# J#
H~ $`=O_^. H#H H~# PKiOKx"_ J=`_. ''D D H~ WOH ZO`HO
Ke? J##\ P~@= _ O^_. " uÒQ P H~
WOk=K K= =#C_ Uq ^", Gq`", H=#
J#", J> P H~< x~i_. `^#OQ< ==i_. H^xH
140
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
zOuOK_. a# ^xH a=#_ H_. ^dOK_. OÒK_. =^=#
KK=H^! #^#O_ J#H}O [O =z K~K#C_, =i ~ H~}=
`#x [O `y"#C_ Jk `}} O_< xiOQ, OÒQ
LO@Ok H^!

F ~"O^! KHQ qK~} K#\ r=#Q =, Q

J~#"~ `=H xO_# =#` D [Q`#O^ OKiOK K<~. P qÔQ
"~ z~HO =Oz, J@ `~ "` D Lk ==~=# _ `lOz XH<HC _
Jiz#=Q q^=Hx "#OQ O^K<~.
'qK~} J##k JÒ` =Y"#^x <# Kù H\ <#. ^$OÒQ
XH KH=ix fH. J`xH H+HO U^< OÔ = UO K_? ''Wk
`"#^? H, x+"#^? Jx `# =O`` _ z_. pH\ n"
LH~ } =QK#k H^! 'qK~} =#< =#=_ W@ H~ HO_x, J@ *#HO_x
^~ H;=# Q<_. ''Wk ^~O. Wk J^~O. Wk LzÒ. Wk J#zÒ Jx
HH q+# x~~OKO@<_. WÔ` =#O K#^ H^! J^ qÔQ
qK~} K`< |`` = _ QOKQ~.
'qK~}^$+ J##k D uH ^$+ =O\k H^ =! JO^K` Jk pH\ K
q#+O H=@OQx, H Jq` `[# Kz Kki=@O Qx [~Q^. J\
qK~}^$+H ZO` ^~OQ L#q, ` q+` =~=#= OKq _
H#|_`~. = ^$+ q"H~`_ x["# Q_"_. J`x u Ju KhO.
q"H= H"_ z=iH Jx\#, JOî# L`= _Q K, [~< _. D 'P^
J# "\x H<\ '=_ JQK<_.
F ~=! q" H = J#|_ = ` ~ " # O^ ~ = = =#< ~ = `
_QK<_. JO^K` q"H=# XH H}"< q_z LO_~^. *#
q"H=O`x =`" HxHiOz P`==# kOKK<~.
q"H=# P~Oz#"~ =\=\H QO@ _~. qK~} H=@=<k
P``HO, P`Ô _. J\ =~_ [# [<O`~Q J#qOK ^
=O^ q+G ` _ ZO^ xH~=. qK~}#_ =#A_ \
" =#k KC ? JO`HO > |~^ H Q<, == H@H=Q<, JO^H ~O
=Q< @_O =Ozk. (HhO, '=#=[# J< =`~ J=HO aOz =$^
J~#@< J=^). ij<~`" H J#~= x"q. JO^K`< ^
F == ==~
H ~ }
O G 141
~+ qK~} ~`Q [## u~~ =O` K~. D r=_H

ZH_H_#O_ J<H ^Y=, J#~= =z_`<O> ^xH =H~}O
JqK~}, ^~^$+ =O^=#x Q~ K<#. '~Q ^+= J< JO^H~
O (pH\ #~) zH#r=_ x~O`~O qK~}# P~Oz LO><,
Z\H<, P #~Oz |@_Q_.

''<# Z=_#? D O~^+=O` < ZH_ #O_ =z_Ok? J#
r=_ "@" ^@ ~"e. "\ =^#= H~ ^ ~+#, P`q+
u^H= Q G=#, |kx P~OKe. xt`" # |kK q*#~H" #
ij#O Ke. J\ ij#< ''qK~} Jx <O.
qK~} #x $Ô ~~ HO> =_"#k. Q_HO> Q_k. P $Ô
"= =# =iO` hqOz, x~O`~O J<H ^Y=# K~O\Ok.
F ~=KO^! D q J#O` OY r= @K<~. K<~.
J~` "i HO^~ =`" `=# QOK@, J`=# i`lOK@
u<~. J\"~ =`" =O^hQK<~. "~ `` =# i~=Q
Z~Q@Q# 'qK~} J#^x< P~<~. JO^ "~ L"g ^.
qK~} `` *#O P`qOu =#Ou ^Yq<#=.
H|\ qK~} =#Oux, ^Y <#=# kOKQ^#@ OÔ
U=Ò ^. [#O` q"H~H"# qK~}# P~Oz ''Wk W@ K@
Lz`= Jx x~OKHx, P HH"#, "kH"# [#=# O^K<~
H^! 'P^` q+O _ J\^#x =~ =~ H\ <#. L`= qK~}
H` HO `~ LO_=. O, =, *u^+=, =`~= "^#=h
JqK~} K`< |K<~. F ~"! JÒ` ==` _Hx L#\ h
_ 'qK~} J##^ uH~=QQH!

20. O`+=
O` ~O O`+ Y=K` I
O`+ ~=u q==i^# II (XV. 1)
F `=~<! ~=KO^! ''O`+= J##k ~= , Y=, qOu,
"H= _ J~=#k. J\ 'O`+= J# ^xx OÒ KH#"iH O^,
142
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
~*kH~=, =Ok=Q^ [#= =O\q _ ZO_Q_ ~H= Ju `K"#"
J~ LO\~.
O`+=` _# |kx OkOz#"~ D OiH ^Y= "\e#C_
`_O_ LO@<~. Y= Ok#C_ à| HO_ LO@<~. P
=h OQ O`+=< J=$Ò `y `$, Ou` D q
OKi<~. "iH D QO^ H J~"q\ è^. (g\ "iH
H`Q OK=#^n HxOK^). =^~"# O`+O J< Q}O P, ^#=
"^# ^~~ " # J Q}=# #tOK O k. Jx" P#OÔ "eq iK O k.
'O`+O JO> Uq\?
J "OK=`$[ O =ÒQ`
J^$+M^- M^ O`+ WK` II (XV. 259)
OKx "\ QiOz "^# KO^H, Ok# "\ QiOz à|HH, Y^

Y=K KOK_QH, ^ ^ = Jf`_ LO_"_ O`+_ . ~ ^ O^|_
L#\ ~=K P#O^= O^K ~ #, ~ =# O`=Q îOK"_
O`+_. J\"x =# `#O^ `< =#~"# `$, P#O^=# Ok
LO@Ok.
""xH D r=_ `Q P#O^~_ H^! J~` =# qq^
q+=# H~H=@O ~OaOK@K, J\ "OK#O_ ~ =<~Q`
=z_K<~. O`+=K j`= Ok# z`=#O^ q^"# q*#=
qH Ok. O`+ ~_ HtOK K@ ''kQ J ^+^$ + "^# "\
~"# J*# pH\ `yÒk.
'P J#^xH q=" O`+O H`# z`= ôK H|_# '^~}=
=O\k. JO^ *#"H= Z\ uaOa~ KC? ''=H @@h L<~
H^! "= *# q+ Z\ qO\O? "= O^#H#q O^x=O_.
JC_ KÔ Jx r=_ P "O> =K<_. ^dOK@, ^+OK@, XHi<H~
`C ZOKH#@ W" J"@ J~ LO@<~. ''O`+=Q LO_@ J##k
ZO^ J=Q (As a Practice) KH~^? O`+ =#x #O_ s~H
=#H "^ ^~OQ LO\~. XH<H_ x~^ J~#\H, J`_ H#H
`# =# #O^ PH$u="# 'O`+=# xOH=@O [iy` J\"_ =O^ D
~* U "_ ZO^ xH~~. ''J\ J= Ò_ ^" Jx
~[## ^$+ @Hx KCK<O.
F == ==~
H ~ }
O G 143
<a"OKÒO O OH ^H="
= =K~ O`+ Wu H^` II (XV. 12)
J=# q+= QiOz M^= KOÔ_, =# "\x L`=

J=Q#` J#q , ="# PK~} HeyO_ "xH 'O`+= XH J"@Q
J=Q^. J\ O`+=` i~=Q `$ Ok# q^ z`=Q =`x
=^#= Kz#"~ Jx~Kh"# O`#=O O^`~. H ^q "OK#
H~=Ô Z\ LO@O^ #`= OìOKHx# J`x =Y= _ J>
JÒ` ^H" LO@Ok.

F [#~! g~ ~^ x~u"# P#O^~=< J=OaOKO_.
J=OK` Wk `H ^". ''"= Uq O^=x? Jx q+=#
n~ ^~#O K@K g J\ JO H~=_Òk. OHe` ^+=#\ `$+,
JO`$ JÒ` =^H~"#q. Jq =## J<H ^+=K, "=K,
J~=K xO"<~. JO^K` ~+|O K` `$+# [~Oz "O_. '`$+
L#K@ O`+"\ LO@Ok KO_?
'O`+= J# =^~=` xO_# z`= =Q `#O`@ `<
O` j`=Q |k ~ =# O^Òk. O^ _ O`+ z`x $ `x=
J#i<~. `#O^ `< O`+_# "_ W`~ s~H=#H ~Q`#
H}OKQ_. HOH~`=, j`=, q^= J~#\ z`=$u OQ
O`+=# O^Òk. J\ z`=$u H"_ =|k` _Hx#"_ O`=,
=#=, P#O^=, L`= XH =O `# =Y=#O^ H\ OKK<_.
J\ "x =Y= Kz#O` =Ò K` =#OîH P#O^=, Y= HQK<~.
J\ ~+_ `~ _#C_ P`xH ^=`, =# _ #=iOKK<~.

21. ^ OQÒ
F ~~=! =` ÔQ`x, `^~ aOK L`= q"H=#
~^ H_O@ LO\~. J^ "H =# kOK Q^x "~ Z~Q^~.
XH =H H J#u `#=# J`_ P~OK = x~~~.
D HO L`= ~+#"~, qÂ, P`q+" ~#"~ HO^~
OKiOKK<~. "i` =Q=O #^ = # _ [#=O K O k. =$`=
144
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
_ L`=OQ, P^ _ O^Q =i`~. "= _ J\
=O K` `H `H =_Ok.
=O P` ~l<, "h~ =~` I
[`H [Q`< ^ ^=Q= II (XVI. 4)
''P^ J< ^= =OK#, "=< =OK# =~`= J#\k

^`=. ^`= O^ uOK"~ ÔQ`= O^K<~. J\
^= - P ^=# P~Oz#"~ _ D [Q`# Ju OQ [~Oz
"<~. ^ OQÒ =# |k xt`=Òk. J<kQ iy T_
"Hx# 'J*#= J< q=$HO, ''^ OQO J< ~O~=~Ò K`
H\ "` HeOz"|_Q^. =<"^ "@O`@ J" #t~.
=<~"# "# "^[Q q"H= L^~Ok. J\ ^=Q==
~^ ky[=QQH!
^ OQO O^K#"x O^ _ J#H~", ^~`",
x`=~H " [=xH " K ~~. HO^~ , ''J<H =K` `= `=QK#
= ^ OQxH ="H_k? Jx iKHO@<~. J~`, =x+ H+=
K` q=_QK#C_ ÔQO =s =Y=x <# Q~ K<#. Jk n
"Q= $^=x pH\ x `yOz"Ok. '*#H= J< `"#
"Q# kO k. z` kx, =Oz =~# # =#Oux kOKQe Q ` ~+
OQ ` " LO> WH , ''Q O Q#O K ^ ? [ ` ^ # f~ ^
qOKH`<"? J< OQ` =#=xH x^.
F ~=KO^! ~Q#, ==H~OH~ x"~, O^ ~`
J~#\ ^ ~+` O aOK@=O> Jk =`~"# q+"=!
ZO^HO>, h= _ ~Q~`_"`Qx, "i` = KQ |k @^.
J\ =~+ ZH_< `~_< ~Q|^# [# "ix QiOK~. "i

''=ÒQ ^~, JQ", J". ` `` $=II =h` O ^~H@O
^~". Hx îHO^, J""#k. Jk P ~=`H H$K` =`" aOKQ^.
(<~^H `)

^~O `""`` ^"#Q`H" I
=#+Ò, ==`" =~+ O II - q"HK_=} PkOH~
=#+[#, "H ~O H"< H =, =~+` O D =_ Q=O`x
J#QOK`< a~. JO^K` =#O =~+` OQÒ HeyO_@ uOKe.
F == ==~
H ~ }
O G 145
=# (a=# H~}OQ) O^~. P`*#Q =h` g`

Q `, f~=` =#O. Jk Ju q`"#^x ~[# QOK^~ QH!
î^# XH =} aOK@O Z@=O\^, *#` O J\^x qA JaO.
H#H q#=, Q~==, =, H~= "^# `=~#`, ^==`
[# J\"i =H uOKe.
ZO` Ò K< ~, ÔQ= ^~#O KH"e. "i` O+}"
~[# H$Ò J#H `^. |k, "^ _ ÒQ== =# O^~=#
Ok, xt`=`~. ÔQO =^x"_ x~ qK~}K `H |^=#
O^`_.
|O^~`, `` A, ~ =` JQ ÔQ= =# JH_H_
`~_`< LO\~. "ix Ò_ qOKe. Q~qOKe. ~ `=K
OÒKe. ZO^HO\"? D O~ =Ô ^@\xH "~ L ~
=! D r=_x #~HQ gO> "~ P JQ# P~Q =~^~=O\"~.
JO`\ ^ ~+# J<îOK@O ZO`\ ^~Q"# q+O! J\ J<^~}
K"~ #~HQ WO^#O H^KH<~? F ~"! îÔ, ^YO, "O,
J*#O "^# O~ ~Q= ^ OQ= x^ " B+Ô . "i =K<=$`=
=# =`" ~~i`"# J=Q# =$k KO^Òk. `^~ HO Ou
OK|_Q^.

22. =~<+}O
KK" ~=! ^# K`+=#\ O`+=, ==, qK~}, ^
OQO J<q O~ Q~= #O_ ìOK L.
O`+ ~" ! ÒQ ~=Qu !
qK~ ~=O *#O ! " ~=O Y" II (XVI.19)
O`+" ~==. ÒQ" ~=Qu. qK~}" ~=*#O. ="
~=YO. D <Q ~H=# L=# JOK"~ h`"# D
"*=# [~<~. g\ U XH>< ~H K JO|_#C_,
qQ` =_ _ a<~. JO^K` ~=! ``~O KO_ ZO`\ H<
^_ JO^ XH^x<< JOKe.
146
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
K"# == =# $Ô x~"#C_ J\"x =^ qQ` =_
=z K~ K<~. O`+, qK~, ^ OQ` L#K@ '*#O ~ k^ O\Ok.
Q}=h P~<~. q[H; =iOKK#k.
F [#~! g~O` ''`= J#|_ ~+H~O K` =## [~Oz,
D <e\ U XH^x<< x~O`~O `~HOQ J=OaOK H~K<#.
''^`, F~`, <~` XH^x<< ^#OkH"# J"@Q =~HO_ Jx g
a+=Q "= =~=~ KC K<O. HOKO HOKO D <e\ x P~
Q, HO`HxH JO` ^" J=Òk. "^\ HO` @^ =Oz, P
`~"`, `= g_O_ LO> g ^= HxÔ@ Un LO_^. HO`=~
kOKQe y<, JH_ =~ , g " HQÒk. J `=##^ K O_,
''=#==Ò! == U=Òk? Jx q=# g~ =^~OK O@
`K q+=H ~y_` Jk =~`" H^! ZO^HO> =#=< JÒ`
=h, PÀ ... JÒ` =~ _ L<~. JO^K` ^# #O_.
J L# ~=O` ^#< L#kHx, ^==#O^ H^.
D z`= J#^xx ~+H~O` (~+O`) [~Oz D <e\ XH^x<<
=O KO>< 'L`=Qu. J\ HO_, z`= H WK H~O =iOK@O,
WOk q+=# =`" P~OK@O, He` ==~=< #=Hx LO_@O
... Jk ^=Ò^? ` <H\ Z\Q< ~, D <e\ H~
uOK^~ QH!

XH<H_ '=#=_ JQQH! ^ ^=` JQQH! _ JQQH! ^ XH

K@ JQQH! Uk U"< L`= Q}= PiOKH` Qu^x QOKe. D
KOK z`= J#H}O J<H Q}^+=<, u~HOQ, P~Ok. P
Q}^+=# "@"^@ *Q`Q QiOKe. J! D OiH r= `=
z`=# P~OK Q} ^+=q\ Q=xOK@ HOK"< uOKO_,
~ ^+= =Ò = èq`@` ZOKK HO "|KK<~? Wk
JÒ` ^~QH~"# q+O. J\ =~[# kH~=Q QH!
J~` z`= H Q}^+= `Q^\? Q}=# P~OK@
JO^ LO. ''H=H=OQ Q}=# P~ Q ^+Q}=
#y`~. ^+Q}= =$kKO^K# Hn, Q}= |#_`~ -
Jx _ Q~ @HO_.
F == ==~
H ~ }
O G 147
H#H ~=KO^! h U `= H" D O< x~O KH. KHQ

qKH} K~. =~x J<+OK. J#iOK. JO`Hx, ^d ~O> hQx, h
=# =~=iH Qx Z\ O LO_^.
D =# `#H "< "QO` (force of tendencies) Z\HC_ r=x
=OK`Òk. J~` J\ "#, #kH ~O_" L#\ Q@=, J
~= LO@<~. 'O J< P=e X_ K~`"? 'J=< P~
~A Q_ `"? h W+O . `=# |> [#O LO@Ok. ``~O K"iH
J<H [# Q_z`<Qx, x=$u aOK@O ^. H|\ ~"! ~+H~=#
P~OK. JC_ J"# x# U=Ò gOK=.

23. ^$O`=
F ~=KO^! U^< XH<H H` q+O QiOz XHiH è*#<
=#H. J@ èK@ gQ ~E KK q+# L=#OQ fHO@
LO\=. J@ q+=# QO K@ LHiOK L^~}< '^$O`=
Jx JO@<O. ~u@ Qkx ==# nO H` QOK= H^!
^$O`= O H` t+# XH<H #`<~O kOK@O K H+O.
J^"" _. ZO^HO\"? Q~= `^<^K ZO` uOz `=#
QOz LO\_. `=# JÒ` q"H ^$+` K LO\_. Hx t+_
=##O^ J<H [# ~Hx# ^~ #=#, ^~a =# ~Q
HeyO\_. Hx, `=# QOK@H P~@_` LO\_. ""xH '`=
x~+"#k. +"#k. XH "HO KQeQ^. Hx t+x q"H= JO`\
xtÒQ (J<H=Ok q+O) LO_^. JO^H Ô` ^$O`
LyOKK<~.

J~` XH q+O h= Q=xOKe. ^$O`x\H 'H~}= J<k XH\

LO@Ok. Hx *=, ~`= [#HOQ è|_ P`==, ^=
J~#\ '~|= J##k ~^ H~ H~}~`"#k. H~}= ^
H#H x`"#k _. D qÔQ, XH ~=Ò^ ` `H# L=#
L"=O^ HO` H~ H~} == LO_< LO\~.
148
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
D |^ O^~O _ <# Hx ^$O` LyOK `<#.
J~`, <# XH ^$O`=# U ^H JO=# (q+=#) ^$+ @Hx
KCK<< Jk Q LO_e. JO`=~H P ^$O`= QOKe. JO^K` h=
x~"#, H;"# |k` <# Kk q#.
L^~} ''`\O^ ==, |=#O^ [Q` H^ Jx =#O
KC<=#H. WO^ q=~O=# (that deduced) =`" QOKe. J#Q
pH\ `_ '~= J< ^~OQ `KK#> |" ~^ LO_ L#k. KK"i
= =# [Q` J#|_^xQ `KK#k Jx QOKe. JO`Hx, ''U qÔQ
|= x`=, JYO_=, x~u #O^= J~# == Hey#^, J>
D [Q`x ^~ *O J\ =" Hey L#k J< xxH ~_^.
|=# kOK\xH =#O fH< L=<h == Q, q^
J~#\ D [Q`x" H^! J~` UO? J\ L=#= "= LyOz
t+x J*#O Ò_ Q@QQK<O. JO^K`, ''x~H~=Q |=
q+O H~=Q ^$O` ZO^ xH =~? Jx `z ^
u~iOKHO_. F ~ a~! <# Uk ^$+ @Hx XH<H ^$O`=
K` =<<, Jk QOKQey#\ fH" # |k g~O` HeyLO_e =!
~===# U XH ^$ ^~=` _ e ''Wk W\k Jx Kx=@
x[". ZH_ ", =# QOK*H "#H =~`, U^` 'J#==`"
J~ +OKK#^, J\ P``` O q+O Uk =Q"# ^$O`=Q
LyOKQ^ KC? JO^K` XHH O^~O XHH q+=# XHH
^$O`=# LyOz uk<O. ^$O`= O` ''Wk =Ò
W@ H^ Jx `H ukOz KK<O. <# LyOK XH ^$O`=#
=`" ^$+ @Hx, ''D ^$O`=x ^+= Wk. H#H g~ Kk ^~^
Jx qÒ_"^ K HHO_. ^$O`# Kz =K ukOK|_K# |`` =
H J`=# u~iOK "i` "kOz "=#k?
HOKO qKiOzK, D *Q^=x ==, =x ==
^"q ^. Wk H#K W\H `== Jx#> =O _
^$O `=x JxOk. J~` D ~O_ q^. JO^K` D [Q` ~
H=O^ J=" J~=#k. P! KK" ~=! ZO`\ K=`~"! ~,

Q}Ò (Mathematics) "x" J#H#= Jx JO\O. "x" - J##k XH JH~O H^! P
H=# =^#O XH OY H^? Jx J#HO@<=?
F == ==~
H ~ }
O G 149
WC_, ''= #O_ =## P=OzO_ D '[Q` J< = q^

J##\ #Q `= kOK@ Z\? JO^Q# "= ''=, OH=,
^#=, =~=, =, B+^= W`k J<H ^$O` =zÒQ
fHx KC K<O. JC_ t+_, ''B#. x[". Wk = =O\^ J< xxH
=<_. W^ x== `` ^# K Jx QO^=# J#iOK|_Ok.
H#H "= ^$OÒ KCK#C_ kO|_K# JO=# H;|k`
QOKe!

=~H =Y"# q+O. ''D [Q` OH=x = *==

==`". H J`" J< *#O D GO iOK@K Ò_ HQÒ^x
_ KO. ZO^HO\"? q+O ^ _#\H, "# _ qOKe
H^! H|\ Jk O~=# J#iOz H=OQ OK=#^. J~`, J\
`=# ÔQ L# r= `y# qK~}, Ô WO^ a<~.
Uk U"<, x++ O~=O`, qK~j~ =Ò Wk iOK KO_Q<
L`==Q ~=Ò, P` `^`= O^@O [~QÒk.

D H#|_Ô` , OH, ^#=Oê '#Q~= =O\^ H#H, <# D

- OH - ^#=#, JOê J#==# ^$OÒQ fO@<#.
XH_ xk#C_ XH 'HHO\_#H.... P Hx J#== Q~
KH=@O#, `H '*Q$^= O|OkOz# J#==# Q~
KH=@O# ^"=#k? Jk J@O_Q, Ox ~ ^$= (kO
|_@O, qOK@O =O\q) *Q` 'J~=@O, H=iOK@O, =}H@O =O\
uO^=Q JC_C_ i}q LO\~ H^! D *Q` Z\
HC _, J\H =Ò, "= "#x Jx , =~H \H (P ~ O_ _) Q_z ~#\
J#==ÒQ, *H=ÒQ LO_`<~. JO^H P ~O_O\H Ô^x
KCK ^$OÒQ fHO@<O.
''=~" P~}=# H~}O H^ J< ^$O`= K##H. < LÔ,
''|" D [Q` # H~}O Jx Kx. J@ K #C_ ''|OQ~= P~ } =Q
PH~O O^#@, |= [Q`Q PH~^ O^K#k... Jx QOK=^x
=~ Q~K<#. ZO^HO>, WH_ =~= H ~^~= QOKO_
XH<H ''JO (character)" =`" fHx `` q+" k<#x QOKe.
150
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
J\Q, ''P~}O ~ ^y LO\~ H^! J< q=O K|_O_QH. pH\Q
== K_O> n "Q LyOk Hx, ''q^#<=u H^ H^!
J^qÔQ L=#Ox XH<H H}O L"xH L#@ QOK@" t+x
H;|kH `~}O.

24. `~=
|*#" =# D qK~} H UHH H =! ="H ^#, P ^H
J~=# x~HOQ QOK@K Ò_ |*#O Ok.
1. *#O | [ (Z~H) |=
2. J=` | D r"` |" J~=#k
3. `` = Jk (P ~=` =") h" L<=.
4. JO |- <# |=< J~=<#.
D <Q "H= ~= x``=# kOK\xH <Q "^=
LyOK~. g\x Q~=Y` qx, g\ J~=# QOz, P J~=H ^
J=~O> (x~O`~ ^#O K) |*#O HQÒk.
D =# O"^= J^ J~=#, J<H ^$O`=^~, H^xH ^~
x~Ok.
WO`H< L`= "# ` = U^< LO> Z=~< H\ O K=K. ^, W^ ` =#
WO`H< =^~OQ, +OQ K`, Jn =Oz^. J\ HO_, J#=O H,
JqÒQ `~OH kQ@ uOK "iH <# KCK#^H>! <#~!
#==K "= KCK# `` *<x ZO^ u~i~? J<H=Ok
===# ^$+ @Hx, J<H ^~}=` ''g~ |=HO> "~H^
Jx "= x~ < O. D ~= ` =# ~ [#Q P` K`< H\ < O.
F `~= K q`~! g~ J#=~HOQ `=# Z~QO_<, Z=~<
K#^xx =u~HOK@ =`" ZO^ u~ KO_? g = =
~ ^ LO@Ok. ^ K "@" ^@ g ^$+x ^ ~ K HO_. `j~ }=,
`~, uuHk JOQ Q=K |kx xtÒ KHO_. JC_ D G=#
qKiOKO_. Wk `", H^ g~ x~O KHO_. WO` qOz g "= Uq
KQO?

F == ==~
H ~ }
O G 151
F ~ [#~! gx u XHi qOKK# J=$` `` =# "=

Q OKO. J@ Ziy#^x< g JOîH D `=K, W\" Q J<H `=K
Q~ K < O. J\ "= a+"Hx, U=Ò `=OH"! D O~=x
^+"q\ QOz#\ "= | *#=# L^~O* "H=< KCK<O.
JO^ K ` ^ Q q#O_ . qO@ LO> ` " q\ g JO` @ g ~ , g g
$^H=< QOKQ~. ~=~`"q\ x~+OQ, ^+~ÒQ,
P#O^` HQ*qÔQ K\xH uO. U "H` ~=Q g
~= QiOz, D ^$=`#, s~^`# Q O|OÔ QiOz =QOQ
kOK@ ^, Jq P"H H*= =!
F ~=KO^! "= `^<k J<H `=K |H`~= HeyOKQ
|kx Hey<=. Q = O`x OH=K`< W@ g JOî ~# H~ }=$`
~OQ D = "H K~K<~. =#O K D qK~}, = "^x+`
ukOKK# UH "H=Q ''JYO_ |`` " H =Q Hey#k.

H#H, ~[#~! xOHKOQ Wk q#O_. Wk Q ~= ~~=

aOKQ^x Kù H\ <#.
r=x Oê ~=```=# =~Q# ~K "Ô` q~^=Q J<H
G=K J<H `~= ukOK|_~. ''D ^$+K îOK|_@K W@
ukOK|_Ok J# ~"# qK~}K P K~= L# " "
Ô`=, Ja=`= =#O =O^ =O^ KiOK`<O. D qK~} JO`
q*#^$+` , ij<`H" # q"K< ~HOQ K |_K#k. ''"= KC K<=.
H#H g~ Q_Q #==O^ Jx K@O = LÔ U=Ò H^. JO^K`,
K=#Ô` q"H q=~H ^$+K `H ijeOK=K.
=~H =Y"# q+O. "= J<H ~+`=K, `^<^K =
z`= # i^ ~ K Hx, JC_ = J#= "# ` =# g=O^ LOKK<O.
*# J<H=Ok `QÒ K LO_H=@K, "i =# îH^$+
(material view point), OKH^$+ |=`~" LO_LO_ J=H=#k. JO^K`
HOK= = q=Oz D qK~}# HiOK^~ QH! ''"= `^<^

JkHOQK LO_^ H^! =i Wk q#\xH J~=? J< OH# _ `lOKO_.
L`= H~K~}= H~ WOê qK~} r=x fi k^Q^. JO^K` Wk
iO K#_, q##_ F~#, ^# g_HO _. XHK@ HOK= J~= Q@ O Q
152
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
#O`=Ò K` "#H =~=^. J=~=#HO>, qA#"i` O+Oz,
J#=# x=$u KHO_. QO^=O` KHQ ijeOK@O [iy`, J@ `~"` nx
[#"q\ g~ Q~.

''D r=_ |" H^! WH Ò =Ò ZO^? J< `~=# |_,

J`jÒ ukOK "^"^=# <u "\xH "= ÔQ
=. T~H "^"^=K =# H` KO^@ [~QÒk. rq`=
J="#k. H=O `~ q`~=K L`= ==# kOK=x = LÔ.
J#= =`=Q '~= ` `` =# O^@, z=iH iO K "x JO`~O Q"
#= =! =# D qK~} H ` 'x^xx #@Q, L#^xx L#@Q
K@O =~H. QOK"_ ^+~`"# q"HO` D ^# ije LO_Q
''Jkf=Q P`# << J< J#== O^Q_.
"= ukOKK#Ô` "^ "ÔQ=x q*#~=# J#OQ<
LO@O^x =Ò KQ=. '="H= Jx K|_ ''JO | =O\
"^"H= =# D qK~} JO`\ H =}~ L<~.

25. =} x~}
=#O LyOK =}= q+" =iHx q+ KCK<#
q#.
=#O XH L=#O fH##_, P L=#L" LO_ XH<H
=#^~O =`" fO@ LO\=x K# H^! 'L=#= (comparison)'
JO>< Jk. XH" L=# L" Jx JO= O^ XHqÔQ =#
^~= Hey LO_@O [iy`, JC_ P ~O_O\H ^" LO_^ H^! WH XH^xx
'L=#O Jx, ~O_=^xx 'L"O Jx J#@O ^xH? HO, U O^~<<
~, U L=#O QOK@O [iy< ... J\ Jx O^~=# ''XH<H JO
J##^ LÔ. L^~} ''P" H# H== fikk#@ LO\~, Jx XH
Hq =iOK_#H ''J\Q? J~` =i P H `\HO è_@ ^q? Jx
`~O K@O LzÒ H^ H^!
r=|= ~O QOK\xH D GO K`#, `k`~ P^` G=
K`# J<H ^$O`= fH|_~. (L^ : =O_Hx+`. H H <Q
F == ==~
H ~ }
O G 153
H ^$OÒQ *Q` +, `s= qnHiOK|_~). J\

^$O`=#, =}=# ~# su J~O KO> JC_ JYO_H~ z`=$u
L^~Ok. ="H~ ^ =# P` `` = iOk. P 'i =# J*#=,
^x H~=# J<H qH~= #t~. ~ OH=, "\ ==
QOK|_Q, "@x\H P= L# ''^ ~= H J#== =`"
+OKK, 'x~}u J##k ~=Òk. J\ L`= [ ^$O`*#= =#<
aOk.

F [#~! g~ L=# L"= QiOz ~} _HO_. ^x=#

kOK^g LO_^. ZO^HO\~? ~"^ "Ô`= H, |+ =K#=
H ~"# q+O Wk!
''F r=_! h= x`=Q |="! |=# "~Q [Q` ^.
` q+` =~=# H= ^+Q, ^f`_Q _ L#k h".
=#O U Hx J#iOz< ~"^. ''``" -" "^# "H=
J~~=# ZO`=~ J#==# `KHQeQO? ZO`=~ P~OKO
J##^ =#OîH =YO. JC_ r=# 'Ou aOk. Ou ~=
H^! J\ JO`~OQ Où qK~} K`< Ok. D = `= H
L`= H = J^. WO^ qKiOK|_# == QOK@ ~r= `y L<~.
J q+O =ê XH L=#", =}" q=i H `= @@K
"q LO@Ok? P~O aOz#C_ KHQ HiOKe. JO`Hx, ''D aO
Z=i K#, ZC_ O_~? P K# _= "_ Z\q? J##q
=Y"# q+ H= H^!

26. UHQ^$+
H~}=` _H# L=#=# (i.e. Simile or example), H~}~`=Q
L"=# (P` == Absolute self which is the subject matter of the present book)
HO`^=O_=K. J~` HO` eH _ (XH<H H}= ^$ ) LO_@K`<
J\ L=#=, =}= (reference) Hx~|_#k. Q~= J@ yOK@K
t+xO^ ^$ *#= L^~Ok.
154
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
<#~! q"H# Q=O^ PO_ =#A, ~uO^
\ iy, #tOK Q^~H *# ^$+ `_ ^. H#H, q"H ^$+`
G= K|_# ^$O`=# QOKe. ~x LO_ J#=<
x=$Ò*, ^ ^$_~K@H Q~= =} KCK<~. g@x\ H
H = Ou`=Q ~= ^= kOK@ H^! P x =ê, ''D ^$O`=
L=#= =~H H}= =>q\? P =}= = i_=
Jx K, K q+x H`= \ OKO_^~QH. g~O` = |=O`
H"e. "= Q=`~}K, OH", ~=Oux kOKQ g
~=H B#Ò H\ <O. = "H=x JO`s# `=# q"H
^$+` QOK@ ÔQ LO_O_.

P`*#O aOK#O`=~ ^=#, [# ==#, ^

O Q = # P ~ OK = O ^ . ~ ~ = # O kOK = O ^ . J@
uOKK#"_ H=OQ G= JO`~~=# QOz L`= qK~}
~}_QK<_. `^~ P`#==# `y# "_Q K<_. JC_
'`s= J# =~H ~K K|_K# ~= Oux O^K<_. Z=_`
==^=# ^\" ^ ~=Q J\ `s^=# `_ LO\_,
J`_ ~ =O^h_. J\"_ Q$_ H=K. < H=K. J`_
~q^=# SH P=+H =# =Ò `lOz" LO\_. XH<H
x`=# ^ J#q LO\_.

F ~=K O ^! h ^ $ + JO` P = # < xe^ = QH . L = #,

L"=# h =<Ô XHi îOK. P ~O_O\x UHO ^~=#
H;|k` QOK. =~ `~"` KCK k q#.
J~ = # <H LOK Hx [#" =#k? ^xx z` = xH
"tOK#C_ LQO. ^~O ^=Q# ~=, J#=~= Oê.
JO^ H U^< ~"^. J~`, HO^~ KOK |k Hey#"~, `=
=O^ L#"~, =`H"# ^$+`, H H=# K_H=@O "=
Q=x<=. "ix ''^KOK= Jx ~. "~ L`="# P`==H
= ~= <\` =\_Hey#\H ''~=` D ~=# "~#k
H^ J##\ J#"`H"# =# Hey LO_H`<~.
F == ==~
H ~ }
O G 155
J#=" ~=Q Hey#\ |== XH ~Q #O_ |^=x =~

~r=O^ LO_< L#k. J\ |=# QOK#C_ J#~=# H##
J#iOK"xH Uq K QO? J ij<`_Q J`_ J<H Ja=#~=Q
H# Hey LO@<_. '' 'JO |- '`` ". <# |= J<#.
h=_ J^ ... J##\ | "H~=$uH J<H ^~a=# Pk,
^# H+Ò K _O "= JH_H _ K< =. " = PH=# H " @
^? J~` PH=# >q LO@Ok? J> `=Q |`` = <`#",
^" Jx"O^ HtOKK< LOk. ~# =O, " `Q#@, q*#
^$+K J*#O `QQ^.

27. J~H#=O
[=x\H =^" LxH #"#@ =}=x\H `H" P^~O.
J#Q WC_ WH_ =# aOK^ =}O Hx, ZC_ ZH_ U =~}Oz#
`~"` aOKk =}O H*^. J~` `H *#=x\# L`="#k
''J~H#u Jx =# PÀ KCK<~.
D ^$ OKO J<H OKùH"# == =# Hx<~!
J#Q, W=h `H" =# D WOk= J#==`<~. Hx 'P` J##k
WOk=< HtOK#k, =iOK#k. OK``H" Z^~Q H#|_
== H^. H#H, Jk `H= Jx J#=.
h, 'P` J#Q, Jk ZC_ ZH_ Z\H aOK^? H^. Jk
J#=" ~=QQ hHO><HO> "~#k H^. JO^K` ^xx ''~H=
Jx J#@ g^. JO^K` ^xx ''J~H#=O Jx JO@<~. Jk........,
''*` *#= *`$`= ["Perceiver - object - perception"]
''`H#"_ `H#|_#k `H#@ ["Knower - Object to be
known - process of Knowing"] JQK#k.
J#= O, Z~H, uu (Experience - knowing - Reflective Existence) J# =_\ `

_H# H K`#" J~H#=O H ~O.

156
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
J\ H K`#" D r=_. P H K`#= ''JO<# J# =#
Hey#C_ ''~+_ H ''=` Jx JO@<O.
P H K`#= Lk (body) @ =$u Hey#C_ J\ ux ''Oq` Jx
<O. ''^ Oq` Jx yOz#_ =#O ^ K`#=< L^t<=.
J\ Oq` ^~=@ '^$+ Hey L#C_ J\ ^~H~}# H
^$H~}# ''q+= Jx KCO@<O. P Oq`# ''^~ q`_ Jx
_ JO@<O.
J#Q :
1. H K`#= =$u~`=, ^ `` = JQ P`. P` D r=x "=
~=.
2. H K`#= { '<# J#=# (JO=#) ~+_, =`
3. H K`#= { '<# J# =# { Lk@ =$u Oq`
4. H K`#= { JO=# { Lk@ =$u { WOk= #
^~*#O ^~ q`_ / q+=
u G=# Hx OHuH |= L# qÔQ<, D GO _,
''^ `` =, H K`#=, ~+_, =`, Oq`, q+=, r=_ ....
W`k |= LyOK`<O. D |= J~= =O^ =O^ =iHO`
q=iOK|_`~.

28. K`#= [Q`

D r=x "= ~= ''^K`#" Jx J#H<O H^.
XH h~ J<H `~OQ=Q, _Q, |_QQ J<H ~= ^KO_@
Q=xOK"? J^qÔQ K`#" OH qHk <<q^ O`` [Q`
~=# u`=QK#k. J#Q, JÔ Z^~Q L# ^$O uO (reflect)
JQK#@ K`#=#O^ OH=ÒQ D ^$ [Q` iOk.
J~` $+H ~O, $+ =O#, $+ ~Oz#C_ _ J\ K`#"
`", x`"#k. J\ K`#= ^xH H~}=Qx, H~=Qx HH~#\H,
D '$+ J#|_ b# `#O^`< HtO KK#k.

F == ==~
H ~ }
O G 157
`# "= ~= ^ K`#" J~#\H, D r=_ `#O^ qKiOKx

H~}OQ XH<H J*#O O^K<_, KKK<_. J\ J*#O =Q
J`" J~#\H Jk [Q` ~=Q `== J#==QK#k.
JqK~=` _# P` ''H$u J#|_ ^$=#O^ "tOz, D [Q`#
`"#^x= iOKOk.
K`# ~_Q D r=_ XH<HC_ D ^$q+" HO` qK~}
j_QK<_. ''D ^$ ==~=O` < ZH_ #O_, Z\ Ok? WO`H
<<=~? J# =<_. JC_ `j_, qKiOz Kz JO`
Q Oz#"_ [Q ^ = =# ` lOz " < _ . '' ~ = = ` ~ = #
HtOKK<_.
J~`, XH =Y"# q+ O. H ~@O L<, < [= [" H^. J^qÔ Q
D r=_ qKiOKH=@K [Q^== HeyO_ LO_=K. ^ ~ Oz`
==# `lOz" P`#O^= è_=K. (J#Q *#=K J*#=
`lOz#"_ qK~} ~H=Q JYO_`=# =Oz LO_=K). Uk U"<, D
r=x "= ~= ~^ ^K`#" J#k =!
JO^K` D [Q`#O^ K`#" "o KK#k. Jk =< ~HOQ
D [Q`# Lù KK uOK, z=~ ~O KOk. Jk ~[Q`#
Jf`"#\ `# qH}`=# U H}=O^# H=KO_@ ^. ^xh O^@
^, H=@ ^, `# [xOK@ ^, H~OK@ ^. WO^ XH ^$OÒ
K`#. q#. h= XH<H =# O^=#H JC_ '<# ~=_# J< ~}#
HOK= =~z P ""O `^`= KO^=K<". Hx h= ~=_q Hxk
ZC_? P == [xOK#C_, q`=Q#C_, `Q#C_ h= J> L<=
H^! r=xH OKK# D $+ u =_ J\".

F~ r=_! h ~=, ''`=# J#==Q (Self - Exisence -

Commonality - Experience) ^ K`#" H^! J\ ^ K`#=# K=@H
ZH_<~? =i h= ^dOK=# <=#k? ''<#h=, J> u XH~
J=$``=Q P Jkf K`#" Jx D =# qK~} ~ x~OKQ^.
Z=~` qK~}~ P`#, ^x = ~=# Q~ J\"~,
''~ |=, =## Jf`"# ~|=< <# J# J#==`
HtOKK<~. ''D OK= <#O_ "~Q `"#k H^. H H#K
158
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
<xÔ` W@ QOKK<# WÔ` < P`~"! Jx è|_@K =#
#" Ou O k. J\ u * < O k = ` = ` = H~ H = =
x~iOKK#\H ''H~= J##k J`xx U=Ò `@ ^. ''Wk K#.
Wk W@#^q? J##\ H~ $` JOH~=#, ~# `lOz"<_. =#
#"#K@ "# =O =Ò Uq LO@Ok? H~Ok= P#
`l~. '=# J< OÒ HÔ> 'q+"# J< `_ H"e.
q+"# H}Oz#C_ =# OuOKH UO KOk? J\"_ r=#_
J=`_.
r=# _ J<H O^~= W`~=< H~ x~i<~. J~`
"iH PHH x, = Qx LO_=. JO^K` "i =~# K " [~QÒk.
Z=xH ^x@ U=Ò PH LO_^ J\"_ P H~ q+O 'JH~~_
Jx K|_K<_.
QeO^ K#H JOì`" LO@Ok H^. J> D [Q` _ r=x H
"#O^ O~ ~=# L#k. P O~= =# Q= "^#
J#==Q#, JO`~OQ=# J<H zO`Q# ==i<~.

} H~ Q= H~H D~xO^ ` Q} ^ #=Q "# (tendency)

L^~Ok. "#"O@< P"# q kH=O_ ~=Q#, H=Q#,
JO`~ ^~=Q# HtOk. P `~"` P D~_ <<q^=#
=e# L^` O~=# (H"# self made) =K JOwHiOKK<_.
J@ JOwHiOz, ''D ^= "^# ^$ ~= `#H "= ~=
J# J` =#=# O^K<_. ''<# r=_# J##\ "`=#,
iq``=# =Oz LO@<_. WH D == ==O\" WÔ` x[
(own) " OH#~" HtOKK#k. ""xH ~`_ J~ L#\
W`_ ZK@ U ==# q~l`_ JK@ P ~=< (P J#==<) O^@O

[~QÒk.
'~ îQ P ~= ` ~ ~=O^ ""_H^ . J`_ (r===#
Ok# D~_) Z@ ZK@ OHe<_, D ^$= _ J> OKK#k.

^~= D ^$=x ^~*O. D s~O _ J\ '[Q^$=x Q".
JO`~ ^~= =# (=## =O). |k (x~`H =O) z`= (=
HeyO_ =O). JOH~= (<# <k J# =O).
F == ==~
H ~ }
O G 159
^+ LO>< H^, ^$= LO_k! H#H ^+# J#iOK ^$=O\Ok. îOK"_

(D~_) ^~#=# =#=O^ L<_.

""xH ^$=Qx, ^$`=Qx, ^+`=Qx `"#q H= =! D

[Q` x ^~* =O` OH=Ò K`< (H =# K`< ) J# `=QK#k.
JO^K`< ''D [Q` q^ Jx K|_Òk.

`~=, ~ "= ~= J~# '|= ~^ H~} ~`"

J~ L#k. `H J#=#= ^~ qKiOz#C_ P Jkf |"
~ "= ~OQ kOKK#k.
F ^! =#O `` q+O "tOK=O^ =~Hi XH<H #Q`=#
~[# H\ <#.
`=` ^H `^=~= ^~
~} ^^=`=O `` ~+}= -Ò` (XIX. 34)
W`~, =~=# `= "~Q, '^== J#|_ O
x~kH~OQ ="n ZK\^. h= P '^== J#|_ ~=# ^~OQ
LOz, `j_=^=QH! '=== J~#"_ `## u ~A g#
J<H ==~=# *Q`Q Q=x LO_e. `# WOk=# "\@
PH~HOQ iOKO_ KKH"e. ^$+x J~H=Q P` " `~eOKe.
JC_ J`_ '~_ Jx JxOKHO\_. J\"_ ^== J#^xx i`lOz,
~+=O K` `# $Ô< ''P`H`~O O^K<_.
|k|OK` '|=# HìOKH<=~ '`= J#^xx
U=Ò q_z@~^. XH" P PK~ xqOz#\ qkq^#~H"#
~# , [, ^#= "^# q x~iOK=O^! =~H" `` q+ " qK~}K
LO_=O^!

U^< Q OKO> (g=O O^) ~ O_ =~= K |_K<~.
1. `H= : Whatever evidence that can be seen, felt etc., physically here and now, to
ascertain truth.
2. J#=#= : Something that is logically filtered out basing on circumstances / situations "As
this is like this .... that must have been like that".
160
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
29. ^K~ x~}
=="#"_ "@"^@ ^=` OK "i L^=#, P
L^= L^=#, JO`s# ~=# f}"# |k` QOKe. "~ kOK
=~O Ò Ke. J\ `= =# |k WOH WOH qHOk.
JC_ H=OQ J`_ =~+`=# O^Q_.
=~+Ò kOK#O>, J\ =~+ H~H "`He. "ix QiOz,
gOz "^K O`+\e. J~`, h H=# =~+ H}h
XHxO^ aOKH =K. XHx Hx q+= =`" LO_=K. JO`=ÒK`
J`xx `lOK~^. Z=xO^ ZO`=~, U L`= H}O h= Q=x",
JO`=~ J`xK kO|_ J^xx Q OKe. H=OQ h |kx xtÒ K H"e.
F ~"! '== "^# L`=Q}=`_# ''[ = ~+
H}"#k. h= _ ==, O`=# P~OK. J~` '=H *#O
(comprehension that all are equal) H ` = ^ k O K = . JO` ~ O Q
WOk=# ~~# =~O xqOz, `=~#, ÒQ== P~Oz#C_

L`=*#O O^\xH D r=_ `y#"_QK<_. *# =O =$k KO^KO_Q,
J\ ~=` ^~#= L`= Y=# kOk. r=_x O~|O^= #O_
q=xQ fik^Òk.
P~O =# `*O, P `*O K i= =# P~O =$k KO^`
LO\~ H^! J^qÔQ *#= =# =^=^, =^=^ =# *#O
=$kKO^` LO\~. ^= ~ ~~O aOKH##@ *#=
^=^ XH\ =~H^xx aO KHO@<~. =^=^ ^K~=
H ~O. *#=# K@ ^K~O _ LO@Ok.
JO^H =, *^ x}# =~+ Ki` Kkq, JOê P^~O
QOKe. J@ P^~O QOKH` "i Ki` Kkq [# "=#k? =
^==, ^K~==< rqÒ q`=Òk.
=`! ~=KO^! ''*#=~# ^K~= (Acquisition of Knowledge & Good
conduct) D ~O_O\h XH~ =#OQ PKiOKe. ''"= *#= Ok<=
H^. WH ^K~O` = <=#k? J# =@ LzÒ H^. ''^K~=Q

= *#qK~}` x^ J<=@ _ iH^. D ~O_O\ XH ^xx
h= u~i, ~O_=k x# u~iOk. O @ _`, K@ K~,
F == ==~
H ~ }
O G 161
# ~^ =x`# K_. P" @ _@O, # `~=@O XHi

KOk H^! === _ *#, ^K~= ~O_\ h XHi J#iOKe.
D HH ==~=@ HO` xOQ`=# J=~KH"e. ''^K`#
~_<# <# ^xH, H~# H#. H~# H# H#H H# _ H^ - Jx
JO`~OQ=#O^ L^Q~`"# JH~ $` =## J=~KH#"_ = D ^#
OQ Q<_. = =^= (|^H=) "^# q=#
q<#"#i, ` ~H==` ~= ^=# Jk~OKe. Jk D
[#, H~ L`= [#" L#^x [# QOK^~ QH!
F a~! ^K~= JÒ` =Y"#^x =Ò HOK= _
=~==^. WH =#O *#q+ K~H "tOK`<O.
D K|_= "HGO JOî =# Oux kOKQH =#=
rq`=, P+ J~~=~= kOK# QH! PQ *#K Wk
J< kO|_ QH! ^ Q J<H === $^# JiOK#
QH! J< =O^ =O^ nx "Y "<^~ QH!
=iHh\ zyO[ "#C_, JOê x~"# h~ H z, P h\x
^+=O` HO^ *iÒkH^! D =# qK~} q#K#"i z`=# k
~z "iH ~=~x kOKQH!
<#~! g g ^# =Ò q_z@HO_. ZO^H `? ^# =#
=# i^"O^KO_Q, D qK~} JO`H~}=#O^ "tOz#C_,
`` *#O [xOk.
^##, q"H`"# *<ix, Hey LO_O_. L`=O` ~^ L`=
`=# x~iOKO_. [_" # Ja=O^, OQ==O^ ~Q^ +=O^
W~ Hx# g g =## LîOz, ''P`*#= J# =Ozh\ ~
=^ K~O_. |^H=, J^ P~OK~ q=# P i~^ _
H_~. WH <# KQey#^=O@Ok?
^ ` D G=# q#O_. JC_ g~ H~H ~< g |k ~= ^= #
"tOk. J*#O #tOKQ, WH J\ ~=^= g JO`H~}=# =~\H
g_*^.

162
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
== ==~ H~}O =O
|~}= - H H}=
FO ```

F Lù H~}O G 163
~<^ <^ ` ` #=
N =+ ~= O"^=
III. Lù H ~ }
O
164
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
F Lù H~}O G 165
Lù H ~ }
=
I. H~} iK=
1. ="H ==
N =+=i : ''-O ''`` " ''`""-"
''r" |u <~ ''J=` |
-O : J`_ <# (## <# J_Q qOKH_^).
`` = : Jk h= J~=<=.
`""-" : h" <#
r" |u <~ : D r=_ |=HO> "~#"_ H^.
J=` | : D r"` |=.
D qÔQ "^= ="H kOK~. D ="H Q qKi,
JC_ JYO_ |H~=$u Hey, r=xH `# x[~O HtOk. D r=_x
P=iOz L# J*#O \OK J=Òk. J\ JYO_H~ ==$u<, ''"HO
''x~}O, ''r=| ~O, ''^ | HO ... "^# J<H ~` < ~.
P ^xO\ J~O XH>.
u rq H `=x JO`s# H O x`=H~~O`
HtOK@. J^ J`x P"^#, P~@O _!
P` H =O ..... ''x` ^`= , h=<# "^# ^= K@x
JYO_`=, O``= .... J~=#k. ''<# P`< J# ZH Q"_ D
==h O^K<_. JC_`_ =H~_Q K<_. =HH
="H~*#O HO> WH "~ Uq J=~O ^. u r=x O^ J\ |*#O
166
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
~^ *[=#OQ "QÒk. J~` D ^$=# r=# iOKK#\
=, J\ |*#=# H LOKÒk. JO`H^. J`xx "k ^Y~O~
x~O`~O =Oz `K#k. k`K#@ KOk.
~=KO^! D =H ^~ QiOz _= # <q ^ . ZO^HO>,
D ^$OK == r=x |OkOKK#\ '= J##k = =O\k
=`". ''="H~*#= J#|_ "= ~Q< D =h ZH_H `~
...? Jk ## J_Q=^.
x^ =Q< O K# ^~*=O` ZH_H `#k?D =~=#
*Q$`^$= Qu _ JO`! ''<# Uk J~=<#? Uk U H}=#O^#
HH L<#? J# ~=Q ZH (H èq, H *#=, H ^=) =#
~= qk`= HQ ... WHC_ D r=_ t=~_ OHO`
*[=#OQ "QK<_.
''D O~= J#|_ ^~"# Q~= r=xH Z^~Q OK\xH J
H~}"q\? J# # =#O ije, ''J*#= HeyO_@ J#
=^#= aOk. WÔ` `Q` O^ .... H, r=K`#= #O^ .... H,
h ~=#O^ ... H~}= O_ W@ `KK#k. ''WÔ` |" Jx
KC ^"# ="H#, `^~ H\ OK |_K# `~=# Z=~`
Q~ "~ D =~=# [# H L`= [#= O^K<~. J\ "_
''|A_ Jx JxOK HO@<_.
H|\ D r=_ ="H= J~O JOz JYO_H~=$ux J=~K H"e.
Wk Z=i $+? Z=iO^#k? ZH_ Lù O^K#k?
nxH =^#O q#.
D [Q`# Z=~ $+OzO_^. XH_ pH\ H~}OQ `# KKK#
`_O^ =# P~Oz îOK#@, J*x L`= qK~} KH =@K
U~_# J*#= =# |= #O^ '[Q`# P~OKK<_. J@ îOKK,
=Q J<H J#== O^K<_. JO^ # Y^Y==`
`^`= KO^K, [#~O~ O^K<_. J*#O `yO^ JO` J`xH
+==Q^. D q+" ^~*# "q\ h =O^ LOK`#. nxx
H;|k` QOz q`_=^=QH!

F Lù H~}O G 167
F ~ "! u r=x H x[~= ''P``` ". J\ P`H ~=

PH== x~H~"#k, K`#=`=. J~` J\ xi, xOQ, x+=Q
P`, ''<# r=_# J##\ r=~=# ê D [Q`# K_@O [~QÒk.
JO^K` WÔ` XH H=O\k =`" . ''<# h= J`_ .... "^# ~=Q
`KK# D ^$[Q` =x P ==` =K.
''D [Q`# "= "==Q< K<"? Jx Z=~< JO\~"? "~
WOk`^`= Ok#"~ KK KO_@K J@ `KK#^x Q~ K<#.
JO`Hx, WOê == `= H=. Ox == _ J\H Jq
`=Q `KKO_@ WO^ =# ^$OÒ.
2. |O^`=
^$ OK= H J#=O @, ''Wk "=" J# P~_`, #qH
HeyO_@K`< |O^= U~_Òk. ''^$= J"=". Wk ^ J#
^=Q#K ^$= `" ''x^ JQK#k. JC_ |O^= J##^
LO_^. =i D ^$=O `y^\? WÔ` J`=x QOKk Z\?
D [Q` U^` [xOKK#^ .... Jk =$kKO ^Òk. J^ ~ #~H=
}O KOk. J\^xH ''=H J##k J=~=QK#k.D r=_ ""xH
~f`_. ^+ ~_. ~*#= H =@K`< r=_ |^_ JQK<_.
''~=Q P` W`~=#> ~" LO@#k. J> ~^ H= H=`"
LO_=K#k J##^ *#O.
J~` P` Z\> LO@, Z@ Lù|O^=# HeyOKHO\Ok?
D H~}O D q+" J<H q h=O^ LOK=K<#. nxx
qO> P`~ *#O aOKQ^. "@"^@ HO` OQOQ K, P `~"`
h= Hi# qÔQ q~OQ Ki#. WH =#O Hx O@# (LM<)
_ ijeOK=K<O.

= '+ b#=QK#k H^! =~ [OQ=`H"# D [Q` _

XH<HC_ ''= J#^x b#=QK#k. J#Q, D ^$ `ÒQ=O`
~=#O^ qb#" Òk. JC_ qyeO_ ` ^~= # <=~=
LO_=. Ja=H= LO_^. Jk `[= H^. JO^H~= H^, Jk ''x+=,
Jiz#= Jx =Ò Q~Q KC K<~. H==~O HO, O_`
168
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
J^xH ''|`=, ''P`, ''~|=, ''`=, ''t== "^# J<H <==
HeOKK<~. J~`, Jk ^ z`=" J~#\H, = =# `#O`@
`< [_ ~=# q=~=QK#k. r=== P~Oz#^x= H#@K#k.
P K`#="# =" OHqH~=Q =#Q =~K#k. H=OQ
Jk }= H OK`=H PH$ux QH#K#k. `# ~=~~=#
=~K@ =# P K`#= #O_ D OHqH=` _Hx# =<^~=h
H\ `=`<~. x =Ô `~OQ= <~ H^! Wk _ J\^.
~}Q~_ : K`#= =+ (Collective) =<== Ok#C_ '~}Q~_
J# "# ~` K|_Òk. W@ P K`#" =+Q#, =+Q#
"K#k.
D K`#= ''` OH`` = Jx _ K|_Òk. ZO^HO> Jk `#
Uk '`= Jx OHeO^, ^xx J> O^` LO@Ok. `# Uk '=
Jx qO^ Jk J> =Q U~_K#k.
K`#" ~O~=# J#iOz D ''Jy, ", [, q J#|_
K ` i^ ` = ` q~\ ==# ( ^ ~ * =` _ # q $ + x )
WO^*== OHeOk. |OQ~fQ |OQ~= HO> "~? | ` =#<
xez# D [Q` |= HO> "~H^. |= _ [Q` HO> "~H^.
J#Q D [Q` H LxH (L#K@, #=) PkH~}=Q |=#O^
~=`=QK#k.
[Q` ==#O^ L#k. ="? |=#O^ H^. W@ '[Q` H
LxH #O |" Jx K|_Òk.
Z_i ZO_== =OK` #n`~OQ H#|_`~. Jq J`=
J~#\H, ''Wq [H~@= Jx qOz =$Q= JH_ [O Q< =K
~ Q `K <~. WO^*==Q ... D ''h=<#J`_ "^# "\` _Hx
H#|_ D [Q` ... J`" J~#\H, '=# H =O K` x`"#^x=
k O^Òk.
^$==~O : JO^H, `` A# O_` ... J<H"# ^=` _Hx
Z^~Q Hx# D ^$==~=# Hx OHuH <== (technical terms)
Ly<~. =O^=O^, "\x =#O _ LyOK`<O H#H "\x
q=i<#, q#.
F Lù H~}O G 169
1. Jq^ : P =#, ^~#==, P"i`"# Ja=

~O WC_ '"=O Q< LO\~. Hh, q^ H *#= Oz#C_
`y`~. ... J\ ==~=# 'Jq^ Jx <#.
2. O$u : =# H ^$=# O|OkOz# J#== D r=x
~, #~H, `k (H Y, ^Y, [_`k) J<H H= uC@
H~}=QK< .... "\x 'O$u Jx KCK<~.
3. |O^= : D '^$=# H '`^`= P`H =^"# x`
Ò`=# JH\ Ò (unmanifested, covered) K#k. Jk '|O^=.
4. = : ''= ... U^` OÒQ U H}=O^_ LO_ LO_^, Hx
J*#^$+H =Ò "===< `KK#^ .... J^xx '= Jx JO@<O.
5. "= : U^` .... =# HQ*_xH `= JQK#^ .... J\^xx
'"= Jx KCK<~. xk L#@Q, L#k #@Q Q~_ Q `K@ D
"= H qH~=".
6. =` : U^` ^@@ JÒ` H+"#^x= `KK#^ .... J^x<
'=` J# ~` KCHO@<O.
7. `= : U^` ~=H J#==# H LOz, D r=x `#
P`=O =~K@@ KO^ ... ^x< '`= J< =@` Lî<~.
WC_ =#O '|O^= JO> Uq\ qKiÔ. J@ `~"` "H q+O
_.

3. |O^ "H=
''|O^= JO> Uq\? ^+H ''uaO| K`#=# O #
D ^$=# Q O|O^=< '|O^= Jx JO@<O.
D ^+ ^$==K |OkO|_K<_. ^$= `Q@O [iyO^, |O^=
_ `QÒk. J~`, ''^$= .... JO> Uq\? h= <# "^# q^
H#` _# [Q` H^! J\ D [Q` ~ =#O` =~ =H aOK^.
J~` ~=KO^! ''WÔ` ^. Wk uaO|= =O\^ Jx "H
eH#O` =ÒK` D ''^$^ - Perceptual experience #tO^? ^. XH
qÔQ K ..... JkH"# "H, OHuH ^*O z` qH=< Hey
170
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
^+=# =$kK~ _. Z=Q `~O K@O=#<, H f~`
qOz#O`=ÒK` ... D [Q` =<gk #O_ `yOK@O ^ O JkH^x
qK~}j~Q"~ =# KCK<~.
WH_ XH K=`~O L#k. K`# q#.
[Q^$O` ^ #=`= Hz`
<-`q^` " <-"q^` ` II (I. 26)
D [Q` "=OQ< LO_ LO>, WH nxx `yOK H ZH_? ZO^HO\"?
Uk ""xH^ ... J#Q J` .... J\^xH LxH ZH_? Uk LO_ L#^ ....
J#Q ` .... WH^xH 'q J##k JO=" H^!
H|\ D ^$= ^. ^+ =Ò ^`^_ ~^ LO_ L<_.
Hx, ~O H Ji*# H~}OQ D ^$= L#> `KK#k. K`#
~=Q P` =Q ~= `HO\Ok H#H *=. Jk HO`=~H
`Hx =iHO` QOK^ H#H ''Ji*= _. Jk ^$x=$u
O^#O`=~, `# ZH_ LO> JH_ XH ~=}= _ ^$=# QOKK<
LO@Ok.
F r=_! h= WC_ =#=[# O^=. W^H ^=HO. P`#==
H~H h= WC_ uOKe. ''D ^$= < ^$+ O_ LO_k Z\?
J#^x H~H `j_= H"e. ~#= (=`h=) qOK"_,
''D =` h= =# < `$ HQÒk J< ^~aO i`lOKO>
ZO` Ò K= LO@Ok H^! ''D ^$= "=" J# '= =#
^$_O J~=O_@O J\^. Jk H;|k` QOz#\ "= `, ^#, [k
^#= =# z`kx =O^Q OkOKH<O. J\ ^z`= H O
K` ''D ^$=# J`= ^ J# |kx OOkOKH<O. JO^K` WC_
^$= H =K _ = H#|_@O ^.
F ~=KO^! D [Q` O|OkOz# O~O hO^#O` =~ h=
i~ XH ~=}= ^y< O ^. P ~=}= _ h J<H
[Q` < LO\~. z`~^~}O uaO| ~O~=O\ J<H [Q`
J#=O `k H^. XH J^= W~ K@ L<, H, XH q Ô
L< .... P `= L#\ HO_, "Q, <, PHO, Q_ "^#q
`#O^ uaOa< LO@Ok H^. D z`~ ^~}O q+O _ JO`
F Lù H~}O G 171
[~QÒk. J@ uaOaOK@O =#< z`~=Q r=xH =\=\H D

[~=~} ^Y=, *Q` + J= .... HQK< L<~.
N~=_ : =s! ''D ^$= ^ Jx q~ ÔfHiOKK<~ H^! WH
"= WO^ #@O ^xH? ~= `lOz" Òk H^! H~~`=#
P~< =Oz^? '=k =`" ==# D ^$= #O_ H_Ò^"?
=i D ^$= = |O^" H^?
N =+= i : x[". Hx, h= WH_ Q=xOK=Ok XH\ L#k. =k =O
_ ''WC_ <# ^$=# QOK@O ^. ^xx `_z "K<# J< O~O
LO_< LO@Ok H^. D O~= =~ O$u ~}=# J#= J~#\ ....
XH JH"# c[= JQK#k. =~ =~ O~O L^qOK\xH P=Ò c[O
K. nxx|\ =#O QOK^q\? 'qH=k (<# ^$=# `lOz"#
... J# =# LO_ L#\ u) ^$<#=# `= HQ^x =#O KO.
=i xiH=k (thoughtless state) =>q@O\"? J=#. xiH =k a
K`#~=#, x~}=# _ O^=K. Hx, h ^$+ ^$=#O`=~
xiH =k kOK^\?
J '=k JO> Uq\? P =O [Q` H qK U~_ ''x+`
=O\^ H^! XH_ Q_OQ xk<_#H. J\ Q_x^ *Q` O|OkOz# U
J#= #O J`xH LO_^ . Hx, "x# `~ "` =~ W`~ OzH *#=O`
=zK~Òk H^! =k #O_ z#"_ =~ =#\ qÔQ< JO`x ^
Y=` i ~ " # [Q ` # O^ K < L<_ . =~ ^ Y=
O^==#C_, WH H}H =ù (H =k) =# =K "q\ KC?
''<# xiH=kx Ok#. Jk Z#\H OQ= HO_ KK HO\#.
P qÔQ, J#O` +` =#"# q` |^=# O^ =K# H^! D
[Q`` <Hq x? H|\ <# WC_ x+_# J=`#. Jx h= JO\""?
W@=O\ JaO h= ("~Q H~}O) K= _. Hx, D '=# J#|_
=^$= JO`~OQO L#O`=~, =Q _ ^$=#
O~OQ ~=H`<~. D z`= U ^~= ''O^=# J<
~=# Q PH Hey LO@O^ .... P q+=O^ [Q^= Hey L#>
J=Òk. P ^+ ''^. <<H }=# Jx `##`# qOz T~HO>
=Ò Uq O? J\ H# #O_ `~HQ<, =~ ^$= Z^~Q `H"
x=< xOk. Q, WO`=~ U XH yH =k _ }`"
172
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
J#O`HO LO_@O^. Wk ij=Q = J#=O. h, }~"#
'u H 'i}=O Hey=#\ 'xiH =k J##k XH\ L#^< J#HOÔ.
Jk J#O` HO ~OQ L#\H, =Hx kOK*^. '=H .... J##k
O`=, *#~=, +=, J<k, J#O`= H^! ''}= =O\
xiH`= h`"# PK<~` u J\ =H^ .... J<k =
J#=O, JaO _.

H|\ ~"! XH" D ^$" `" LO>, Wk Z#\H #tOK H ^.

''D ^$=# "= `[^<^ OK` #tOKO J##k ZO`\
Ô! =_ J@ q<~. xk `yOK@"q\? ^$= J^.
XH" LO> .... #tOK^. =i ''^$= O|O^= ... J< O~= èQk
Z\? ''^$= q^ .... Jx `^<^K k Ok# z`= # += QK#k.
J#Q, `[ ^<^ "H=# <~Q H~}= H^. Jq z`=# ^=
K\xH =`" LHi~. J\ ^z`= H O`, ''D [Q` |"
Jx +=Q O^~ÒQ, J#=~HOQ è=K> "H= Jx
Q OK^= QH! J#Q, ''D H#|_ ~ = |" J# J#xÒ `^<^
JOu= =# =#" H^!
XH `=~= yO[ (q`) fH, .... u yO[# q+`
"== `=~fQ H H}=h O~~O J}y LO\~ H^!
J^qÔQ, ^+O^ _ ^$= H;~=# (O~ ~=#) J}y
LO@Ok. ^~= ~z, #= #<, = "# ^y LO\~ H^!
^+O^ ^$= _ J> Wq_ LO@Ok.
H~~O, ZH_ L< "# "^[`< LO@Ok. '<# XH r=_# J#
r=== =Oz# z^`_ ZH_ L#\H `# $Ô ^$ [Q`#
O^K< (QOKK<) LO@Ok. ''=, OH=, =<~[= .... W=h
ZH_<~? D r=x $^=#O^ H^! J^ qÔQ ^$ ^~= _ h
$^=#O^ L<x #=OK` QOK^=QH!
XH<H _ `# z`= H qH= K`< Hk\ pH\ XH ^=#
K_@O, Q[Q[ =}H@O, K=@O _ [~QÒk. D ^$ z ^+# _
J<H s~ .... q<= ~=# OOKK#k. XH yO[ ''"K@
J# =O ^y=#k H^! P yO[ `y# <#, |`=# Ok#C_ ==$HO
F Lù H~}O G 173
J=Òk. J> ''z` (The Seer consciousness or substratum) ~k^Hx L#

D z`=#O^ '^$*#= J##k O~ ~O LO\Ok. Jk ^H
i` # J#iOz =$k O^K#k. ''q`# O H '=^ K@# "=iOKQ
H Z\H Wq_ LO@Ok. J~` P H J#"# ^H= aOK#C_ H\ Ò
(manifest) HH=K. JC_ "H` H Oz#\ `lOK|_#\ J*# ^$+K
H HxOK=K. J^qÔQ ''z<`si (Z~H ~=Q HeyO_ .... D

s~=# îOz#"_) J~#\ D r=x JO`~=# _ J`x =" J~#\
D [Q` ~H=O^ LO_< LO@#k. J~`, =^=# J#iOz
=kHO J}y~#\, q_z ~#\ `KK#k. =~ =`# HO
=z_Òk.

"H~Q *#^$+ Z LO@O^ K`# q#.

''<# D [Q` H#OKK# U^< XH<H ^~= =O\ "_# H#.
## |OkOKQey#Ô@ Un ZH_ ^. ^xH O|OkOK#\ ^K`# ~_<
<#. J#O`_< ~^, ~=# "eyOKK, ~=#O^ "QO^K<#. D
[Q` < =". < Q}= <# H#@, [Q` ~_#Q <# [Q` Q JQ@^ .
J\ L`= =#` =<~`= Ok#"_ `## `# JH~Q, JHQ,
x+OK_Q, Jkf_Q îOKK<_. ~_ LO@<_.
F ~=KO^! u rg ~_ J~=<_ =! J~` O~ |^_Q
r=_ Jk =~z WO^ OKi<_. ''F~! r=_! h= ~_"#! Jx
GH~, Q~= Q~ K@ u<~. JO`!

174
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
II . PHA_ =$`=
1. H^qQO
N =+=i : F ~"! ''=$`= H J<+} O|OkOz# XH H^ L#k.
K`#. nxx qO> D Lù H~}=O` KHQ QOKQ=.
''PHA_ J#|_ XH |"` LO_"_. J`_ Q ^#~}_.
ZC _ W`~ `= H~HO@ LO_"_. JÒ` î_. J`_ H#Q`" #
x =$^ O_< rq LO_"_. $+x u J}=# @# @HQ
=$`= J`xx U=Ò qOKHk. J<H~ J`xx qOy"x
Ja+Oz# =$`= `# J`_ aOKH =@O Kz P~_Ok. W`
~"#Ô` iOz", #`#`=# '<Ok H@" =$`= H H~H=O
H^!
''< <#O ^. <# =Ò H=OQ r=Oîx H =<#. Hx
zÒ! D PHA_x =Ò H O KH `<<q\? W`x ''W` ~= # qOy"
D`xx '#`#Ò "tO KH `<<? HO_~~ =O^ HuQ
W`x@ < `=O` =~"Òk. ZO^K`? Jx PzOK yOk.
J q+"q\ `H"x x~OKH#k.
''`[O`^==^H # H~} HK# (II. 5)
=~ # "~ J##k kOK=~ Ò =^~H^! P =$`= PHA_
LO_ ~=# "o J`x =Ok~O "t OzOk. "#"O@< ' y` =#"#
Jy P =$`=# ÔK@O ~OaOzOk. PHA_ f= ^#O L<_. J\
=O qO O^@O W+O H J`_ P Jyx JH_ `#K@ xqOK_.
Hx =$`= U^ qÔQ P Jy* ==# kOz # "tOzOk.
Z\Q< JuÒ` J`x K` @H"x uOzOk. =$`= =|ee
J~#=@ x[". Hx UO O? XH_ `# ''T K# XH cH~"#
PH~=# =#O D uH"# K`` `HQ=? J> =$`= "k K`
L#\H, Z^~Q< L# P |"`# `HH~Ok.

PHA_ PH= #O_ \#"_ =$`= i}=``=

Z=_` `# ^~=# ^` x~i_ .... J\"_ 'î_ Jx K|_`_.
F Lù H~}O G 175
JC_ =$`= WH K^q H, `# x+"# Ò q~qOzOk. `#

H x=_, [=x, Q=O`_ JQ =x qOzOk. ''! <#
ZO^K` P PHA_x HOKH=K<#? Jx tOzOk.
=_ : F =$`"! h= XO@iQ h |O` U XHih Uq K=. KO=.
""xH P= ~`# (W`~) H~ "i"i =~}= H~}=
JQK<~. h= D PHAx qOKH =\xH H~}O | J`xH ^$+
J=Q# O^ 'H~ J##" H =@O J~=O_=K. =iOH H~}O LO_\xH
g^ . JO^K`, J`xH WOH"< JO`~O QO O~, H~ qye L<"
iHOzK_. J@ "uH#C_ WOH"< H~ qye LO> JC_ =`" h=
J`xx [~OKQ=. (''Wk <# K# : Wk <# K= L#k.... J#
~=# P L#C_ =`" r=xO^ H~ +O z L#@. H~ $`="
xK@ H~ #>)
=$`= J`x H~ "`K ~=O_=#, k# QeOzOk. Q_e
H ~O_= =~_ ZH_< `~_`_? XHx OHe` #Q~Ox =< P
H< L#\ =~H_ K_*_ H^! J^qÔQ =$`= P PHAx H
H~O@ ZH_ Uq _<^. uiy uiy qQ\ P =$`= =~
~~Hq^_#\ =Q"#x =^ "oOk.
=$`= : q! <# JO` "uH#. Hx, J`x =< PHO H~ *_ U=Ò
H#Q#H #. q~ ~ A. OH@-O ==O^ = =
^=KOKQ~ H^! J`x H~ ZH_ L<~? < J`x =<PHO H~
*_ HxOK^!
^~~_Q =_ K =zOz, P `~"` W H Q_.

=_ : F =$`"! D PHAx q+O <# _ n~OQ iHOK#. J`xH

'H~ J<" =. J`_ H=O xi+-PHO #O_ [xOK_. PH= #O_
[xOz#=h xi+-x~ PH ~= H^! JO^K` P`xO^ ....
=$`=# J=H= HQ* QQ, ''Ja=#=~Q= ...` _# H~ O@
Uq =. W`x $^=O` "uH KK#. W`xH `# H# H~ (W`
~O `#K x~iOK|_# H~) U XH^x @_ ''Wk << K#. J"=H~
J##\ JOH~ ~H" # O|OÔ HOz` _ ^ . J`_ `## [#~ `xQ#,
x~H~xQ# QOKK<_. 'PH~= J# qH~" xK@ WH H~ $`"H_k?
176
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
H~` O|O^"H_k? J`x ^$+ J`x LxHH PH=HH =iOH H~}=
^. H#H WH J`_ PH" ~=Q Hey LO@<_. PH= (Absolute-
Space) ZC_ PH=Q< LO@Ok Qx, ^xH Jy, ", [, =`
O|O^"q LO@Ok? (There may be form or may not. But 'Space' remains as space).
PH=# XH K@# U=Ò ^~~H O|OÔ ^. Jq XH ^xx
=~H\ `H*=. H#H ''PH=, K@ J~ LO@#k. ''P Ô XHC_ XH
^@"# J_q. WC_, Jk XH =@}= J~#k .... J##=h J=O["
H^! J> J`_ `## xiH~x~H~ ~xQ q (H `HO@) LO_@O
K` J`x O^ H~ K@ KHH`<~. W`~O <# D D H~
K# J# ~OQ O~" #O^=#, J`x z`= =~=#=#O^ JÒ`
~"#k. ''WC_ <# D H~ K<#. q+` D H~ [#=,
H "~"~ H~ O^^#QH .... J# "# J`xO^ ^. J@ z`=
~ ` OkO_@K J`xx ''~|H ~ H Wk=~ x~iOK|_, WC_ ^xH
[#= eOK@ ÔQ L#\ H~ _ U=Ò ^.
P q_, ''<# PHH_<, q^H~_#Q, J#O` q JYO_
~_#Q, H~}=#< (Z\ "# H~}= O_) xz# "_#
.... Jx `# ~ q+" =# K<_. D H~}OK` J`_ x`_. J`xH
WOHH H~}=O@ Uq ^. H#H~ #> #`# H~g J`_ J
K~H=@O ^. W`_ ''H=O q*<H ~_ Jx J#=K.''<# H~
x~i # \H H~ ` O|OÔ x"_x..... Jx `#QiOz =# K O@<_.
=$`= : q! J`xO^ H~H O~" ^ H#H, J`x@
H~ $`H $`= x+=`<~. (H`<~). q~ K# ^xx |\
WO`=~ QOK#. Hx, <^H OÔ. =# W`xO^ }= H,
Ôk= H K#= Hx<~ H^! =i J`_ ''<# rq<#
J# H~ x~i#> H^!
=_ : J`xx }^WOk= O^~OQ K_@=<k =# 'Jq^
H = =`". J`_ =Ò J\ Jq^ |_@^. ''Wk K<#. Wk
K @O ^ .... J##\ H ~ O |Ok O z# |k J` x O^ ^ .
''rq`==~}=#sq`= J< =# J`_ îH ~h@O ^. ''D
^Ô^#= < O|OkOz#q H=. <# x`x~H~_# ....
J# =#K H uH == Jf``= OìOKHx L<_.
F Lù H~}O G 177
XH ^$OÒ K`#. XH ^ 'O= L#k. JO^ XH ^=, ^x

H PH~O teK KH|_#k. P PH~O Ok# t, JO^Q XH ^=#
O|OkOz t, O= H t XH> H^! J*# ^$+ H"xH ''Wk t Oê
, Wk ^=, Wk O= J< ^^$+ LO@Ok. ""xH "`=O` tH^!
''z# |= #O^ D ''OK~K# _ `# "= `` =Q |=
HO> "~# ^x= J*#^$+H HxOk. H|\, "# F =$`"! PH=
#O_ H\ `"# D PHAx h= PH=# J^=Q< QOK^= QH! `##
`# ^xQ, JYO_xQ, H~~`xQ QOK K<_ H#H ''W`_ |"` Jx
JO@<O. h\ O^ ^=`=, PH= #O^ #`=, "=#O^ O^` =
[" H ^ ! | = #O^ [Q ^ ` = J\ ^ . ''XH _ ` # # `# Z@
QOKK<_? J#^x ##iOz ''Wk r=_, Wk t=_ J# q^"# ^*O
GO HeOk. ""xH |= Hx^=~? Hx^k?
D q_ ~=^=# Ok<_. H~ Jf`=Q `##`# QOK
K<_. W`xH Oz` (the total culmination of past deeds) -~| (that part of past
deeds that is to manifest in the present) - PQq (the culmination of past and present
deeds that dates ahead to future) Uq =. JO^K` O~=# =_=_O ^.
XH 'H~}= #O_ Z@=O\ HiH~}= O_< U^< L`# "# C_

J@ [xOz#k P 'H~}= HO> "~#k H=@O ^ H^! |OQ~= #O_
aOz# P~}O |OQ~" H^! W`xH z^H H~}= HO> "~q H~}O H
=@K`, W`_ ''O = Jx K |_K<_. F =$`^=`! h= H~ ~}q
=`" H^! '~~H~ x K@# h"\ PHqOKQ= KC?
D r=_ ""xH ÒH_. J`_ ^xx Z@ `=Q q_ ...
J`xH Jk J> J#==Òk. J`_, ''<# OK` qH~=Q D s~=< ....
Jx `z#C_ D i= s~O (material body) JQK<_. h= HH=OQ
J`xx Q<=. J`^$+ L#K> h P@ Q`~. Uk J`", Jk
Jx" J=Òk. Jk =`" H~=Q h _K#k. D PHA_
J\"_ H^ =! ''D $kq "^# OK `= qH~=` <
Z@=O\ O|OÔ U H}=O^ ^. <# .... JO`\ x`", x`k`" "K#
z^H=< .... J##\ ^$_ x= J`_ Hey<_. H|\ ~#_
JQK<_. ~~`_Q "xx, h= KHey#^=#k? ZO` Q\ `_
J~#\H, PH=# |OkOKQ^? ^ H^! H|\ h= J`xx Uq K=.
178
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
=$`= : Q"#_! P PHA_ ''PH= #O_ [xOz<_ Jx JO@<~.
Hx, PH= #=H^! #= #O_ W`_ Z\ L^qOK_? < WOHH
OÔ _ L#k. Jk _ K`#. D q "^#q XHC_ LO_,
=~HC_ H=\xH H~}O Uq\?
=_ : =# D q_ U H=O^#, [xOz LO_^. W`_ '[# J##^
x"_. x`_. q*#~_. (q*#" ~=Q H"_).
^$ O|O^"# ~OH= ~=H x~#==K qOy
"|_Q J\ = ==O^ WH qyeLO_^k? H== UH =`=,
O`=, #=, x`=, H=, H;=, x~kH=, J#O`=, [~=~}k
=$` xk J~# |" H^! J\ |=#, H |=# WH =~K~
Uq LO\~? =# PHAx ~= P ~|" J~=#k. =~K~
xK\H h= K~=. ZO^HO> .... =~K~ hH ~= H^!
=$`= : = ^"! D PHAx [#=$Ò`" q\? W`x ~ ==
Z\q? W`_ Uq H#<_? ~=~ Jf`_# W`x q+= =iHO`
q=iOKO_.
=_ : '~|= Jx K|_K# XH<H\ L#k. Jk ^ K`#=,
Jx~Kh=_. *#=` =H=Q J\ '~|= #O^ ''<# ^=#
J# ~=` `*==Q q~\ ~+x q^= 'HOz` Pq~qOk.
JC_ |=#O^ D q^==Q PH~qH~O HH`mOQ =#\ |^^$+
H"iH QKiOk. J\ |^^$+ (Bonded Perception) x"iH Jx" _
|" @=Òk.
XH<H ^$O` O` q+O K`#.
''|= PH==O\k Jx J#HOÔ. JC_, ~}Q~x LkQ
J*#= XH<H q [O =O\k. [O PHO uaOaOz#@,
~}Q~xO^ '|= uaOaOk. J<H LÔ^ "t WO`<
`l LO_ =+ =# '~}Q~_.
P [O h~ H^K#^#H. JC_ JH_ LO_ KK"iH ''PH"
H^K#k H^ Jx JxOk. Hx ''PHO ZC_ xOQ< LO@Ok.
`~OQ= H^KO_Q JO^ uaOa# PHO H^K#@ < J=Q#
H ^+OK` JxOk, J< q+O H;^$+ Q"xH =Ò èÒk.
F Lù H~}O G 179
''|= Lk ^+O O^Òk Jx =# =# J*#O K`< JxO^x

=~ Q~K<#.
P [O uaOaOK PH=# K#C_, JO^ Hk h\
QO '=+
"Ò h~O` HeK '=+
D qÔQ =+=+ ~O_ J`=
[ Ox Hk QO HxOK PHO, q[O ("Ò [ O)
HxOK PHO _ "=OH^. [O HxOK PH=O`
uaO|=`".
[O PHxH # J<H O^= "=O H^.
## PHO "=O. Jk ^`ÔQ LO_Q, `~OQ= HêHK`
[Ox uaO|O PHO, HO^ q^ JQK#@ Jx LO@Ok.
D J<H =~[OQ==O^ Q '=# J# [O uaOaOK |=
=#H J=Q# O K` =~K~ O^K#@ =# ^$+H JxOk.
|= ~^ x``", ^", O`" "QO^K#k.
D =+=+ LO_h, O_h, |=# =K "q LO_^.
`\HOQx, JOê "Ò [OQx, H Hk [OQx L<, <, cH~ `~OQ=
Ok<, _QO_= U~_# ... ## PH=# >q\ KC?
[[Ox XH qQO H\ `=QK#, uaOa# PHO '=+
Jx, "Ò [O uaOa# PHO '=+ Jx J<# H^! ''=+ uaOa`
|= ''q~\~+_, =+r=_, ~} Q~_ .... Jx K|_Òk.
F =$`"! D r=_, ^$O`=x [=# O|OkOKx
PH== ''<# |=< J##\ *<#= ^$_` =K x# JkQq Oz " < _.
=# D PHA_ q~@~+_. ZO^K`?
''<# "k s~=x XH<H s~=# H#. D =~ [OQ=`H=Q
=+ $+x << Jx qOK@O K`< =! a_! =#O WO` =O^ ''D r=_
ÒH_ Jx J#H<O H^! J`_ Uk ^$_OQ q Jk J`xH `"
f~Òk. =# =O^~= W\ OH=K`< D D ~=#, H#
O^K<O. J> D PHA_ _. J`_ $+ ~OO ~=H=, xi+
z^H~ _Q O` _ L<_. J`xH s~=Qx, H~ Qx, H~ $`^Q x,
"#Qx =. q^H ~_, H=_, *##_ "K<_. W`xH
180
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
H# "# (tendencies that devolved from the past) Ug =. `[ n HH
=iOH ~=#@, D PHAxH PH= HH =iOH ~= ^.
WC_`x u`~= =# HxOk H^! JO^ H~}O J`x
+Oz L#\ z`=$`. Jq _ ~`"#C_ W`xH D u` ~=
(Reflective appearence) _ LO_^. '<# z^H" Jx QOz#C_ D |~Y
z`=$` _ #tOz`~. H|\ F =$`"! W`xH '#^=" "^#
"\` O|OÔ ^. W`xx xQOKx h= K Ò =~"#^. PH=#
Z=~< qOQQ~?
D =@ q# =$`= P~_Ok. =Q =^~~A =^ =
fHx `# x"#=# "o~Ok.

2. O=
N~=_ HOKO =#O =OK_. =+=i K# PH[ =$`
=^= H^ Hk H} =##O K_. ij<`HOQ îOz W@ HQ_.
N~=_ : q~ K# PHAx =$ÒÒ, ==$`= O+} q<#.
qs H^ U^ Q_~O` K~x < JxOzOk.
q~ K# 'PHA_ J#Q H`=_# |^=_ H^! J`_ ~}
Q~_, O=, Jkf_, r==+~_ ... Jx _ K|__. qq^
s`# "== J#O^#H~ P PHA_. q~ K# ^xx |\ D
[Q` q^ J~=#k.
N =+= i : J=#. h |^=x QiOK K#. XHC _ XH<H =#O`~O
=$`= r=Oîx HOz, |# _ PHqOKx J#H#k. JC_ =#O
KCH# qÔQ =_ kOK@O [iyOk. Z=_ U x K#HO\_ ....
J`_H P q+O ["# =$u LO@Ok H^! JO^K` =$`= |^=x
HOKx uOzOk. J~` | PHsi =`" H^! =$`= J`xx
Z\ PHqOk?
''<# =<=`_#. $kq "^# PH~^ #\ OH=`_#.
z^H~_# Jx Z=_` ~OQ q_ .... J`_ z^H" JQK<_.
J\"_ H~}#_. 'Lù J##^ x"_. J\"xx =~K~ `H*=.

z^H= : z` Z~H, PH= ~}=
|q` |==u : |=# Ziy#"_ |" JQK<_.
F Lù H~}O G 181
=#K OHeOK|_#C_ P =#< ==, ~+ JQ~ H^!

D OK`=` O|OÔ x"_, O= JQ | _ 'PHA_ J<
~O iq` ^$+ Q"iH QKi<_. x~HO OH|O K` XHxH
=` L#@ Òk. O, OH= =i#C_ He` #Q~O H#|_@O
JOîH J#==QK# q+". D 'O= _ J> s~=` JQ_@O
[~QÒk. W`_ H =O ~= `. JO^K` J`x O^ ^$`= Qx, ^+` =
Qx =.

OH= H qOK>O =# H ~=. ^=# |=. J#Q

=<" î# K`#=# <=~ H~#\H, Q~HO '|=
J# ~ @|_Ok. J\ ^=<=HO D $kq "^# =*O
^. XH z`H~_ XH<H O^~"# H$u ^$O zuOK# H<_#H ....
WC_ J`x =# ^~`"# P 'H$u ^$O ~k^HO@Ok H^! D
|^=x z^H=#O^ uaO|= QOK == Q ^=~#\
=#H ~= L^~Oz HtOk.
H|\ ~"! '|= J##k "~ U^ ZH_ L#k H^. Jk Pk=Ô`
~`=. H==, ~= J~#\ z^H" Jk. J^xx $+OK#k
JO@ WOHq LO_^. Jk OHeOK@K`< ~= $+OK |_Òk. =Q,
OH~OK î`=QKO_@K J^xx 'O= Jx JO@<O.
D =# PH~ ~`= J~#\H z`= =#, PH~`=Q HtOK
K#k. =O^`x= (Q_e =~x=) ^xH ""xH s~^ =.

3. $u =# |O^=
N~=_ : F |*! q~ =## ^=x JO@<~. ''$kq "^#
`*=# U=Ò O|OkOKxk Jx =i<~. D =# |=x _
KC K<~. WO`=~ D q+ <# XCHO@<#. J~`, WH_ XH O^ O.
q~Qx, <#Qx, D aQx D =~=# s~=# îOK@ W`~
$u H~}" #k H^! J^ qÔ Q P` ^= $+ OH_Q |^=xH
_ W`~ $` H~}=x ZO^ J#_^ ? J`_ H~}~ `_x, 'O =
Jx ZO^ J<e?
182
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
N =+=i : ~H~` _ L#C_ ''O~= J<k LO@Ok. J\
O~=< ''eOQ^= Jx _ JO@<O. ''W`~ $u P `î
s~= ^@ H~}=QK#^##k "=".
J~` PHA# H# H~ =. WH W`~ $u Z\ LO@Ok?
$u H` [# Uk H~}=Òk? JO^K` ''J`x ~O ^#O`@ J^
L`#"#k Jx K\xH ''O= Jx KCK<~. ^ ''z`~=Q
=# J`x s~=# H~}O Jx_ J#=K. J\ =# J#|_ z`^~= #O_
J`_ a#_ H_. ZO^K`? ''<# z`^~=< J##\ x`k`"# Z~H=#<.
W`x ^= D H#|_ H, K`, ` H^. J`x "= ^= 'Ju"H=
H 'H;^= J~=#k. [#~`=Q J`xH =#"# OK`=`
U=Ò O|OÔ ^. J`x "= ~O OK`=` xiOK|_#k H^.
''<# OK`xi`"# D s~=#. Wk tk=Q#C_ <# KKK<#.
~`=QK<#. Jx Z=~` `~ "iH =`" [#=$`=, uH=
LO\~. P |^=xH J\ == ^.

N~=_ : =s! u }H D ^= H;^= (eOQ s~O /

Ju"H s~O) (Gross body & Subtle body) J<q ~ O_ LO\~ H^! =i |^=xH
Ju"H s~O =`" LO_\xH H~}"q\?
N =+=i : ''OK`=@Q PH J# H~}=` _Hx#
}OîH h= K#@ ~O_ ^ LO\~. Hx [#~`_Q |
H~}=O@ Un ^. JO^K` XH H; s~O =`" L#k. [# ~`_Q P
| q, h~, Qe, Jy, PH=.... J#|_ ~K`= ~=H~}=.
J`xH WOHH H~}O H=@O K` Ju"H s~"H> L#k. (He is beyond all
causes. And all causes exist because of him)

q+~`=Q P`#O_ ^=OQ x [= L`#=Q H~@OQ

''=#K@ J# ==` _# H~ $`= H\ `=Òk. G= P
``=# '*u Jx <~. $+ ^=_Q D *uH uH
s~O ^. W`_ Ju"H (H H;) s~ =`_Q@K z^H ==#
OQ HtOKK<_. J`_ ''OHeOK@ J##^ ~=Q Hey<_.
D $kq "^# `= H=O|OÔ J`xH ^. ^=_Q D *u
F Lù H~}O G 183
PH s~= ê *==# $+OK K<_.

z^H= z`H= H=
z^H=
H;^= / Ju"H
^= / eOQs~=
s~= H
OKuH ^=
(Zone of thought and perception)
(Zone of Self)
1. u"xO^ '^= eOQ^= J##q LO@<~.

2. eOQ^=# J#iOz Ô LO\Ok.
3. eOQ^= ~H~}=Q 'z^H= H '^K`#=# P~Oz
LO\Ok.
4. z^H= H~}~`=. z^H" H;= H~}=, H~
_. H#H Jk 'H~}H~}O Jx =|_Òk.
5. =$`= J#|_#k ^=# O|OkOz#k =`". H;
H~}=# Jk `H*^.

F ~=KO^! *u PHs~=# ê *=O $+ < _#H<O

H^! D [O^~ _ PH~. ZO^HO\"? XH == #O_ ..... U
"# H~}= O_ .... |_e# =~H == "^\ == Ja#"#^
H^! H|\ '~=^ ~_# ~+_ (r=_) OuK` z`=`x =
JQ O K = K . J~# \ H " " xH W` _ K ` # ~ _ . JO` Q x
OKuH~_Q =~_.
O~=# KiOKK# r=OîH H;s~=` _# z^` H~}O.
JOH~O ^x#O_ [xOk. H#H, 'h=<# .... J##Ô` J^x ~".
"=#O^ 'O^= H K#= HQ@K ''"gzH U~_K<~ H^!
P "gzHh "@"^\ ^~#\ "= HO> "~ Z\ J=`~? "^\
HêH (K#=) J~#\ |^=x #O_ J\"~Q [ qiK<~.
D r===O` ~=~ z<`H~_Q '| #O_ [xOk. H|\
WÔ` z<`H~". Hx, îOK"x H OH^$_ÒK` [_H~=Q
184
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
HtOKK#k. uH" # ^$+H O K PH~^ ` =x, "= =x O~^$ +Q
r=_ q<_. H#H, WH_ '^$+ q`"` ~= ~^ |"!

''J^ = ` == H x~iOK@ J##k += =\xH hHH ^$O`=

K`#. ''XH_ XH O O^_. P O JÒ` Oî# `~_Ok.
P"# P`_ PeOQ#O KH<_. .... J< q+O fHOÔ. ""xH Jk
`"# J#==? H^. ZO^HO> P T=`" H^! Hx, P =H
^`H#=O O^`_. D [Q` HxOK ^~= O~J#=O
_ J\". OK= ``=O`\ H D~_, x~H~_ J~# O".
J`_ ^^ x"_. Hx ''^ = Ht<_. OH~, _ J~#\
O= L^~Oz#@ JQ_@O H=O Ou=#< =! ~=iH ^$+`
K J`_ L^~OK@ ^ . '$kq "^# "\` O|OÔ #\ z`= `s ~_,
OH~+_ J~# | =H= uH H~}=QK<_.

=~H =Y" # q+ O. } H ~ # J# i OK O H =
~kÔ@<~. PH`_Q O= UU ~=# q<_
P~=< D H#|_ } ~=Q ^K<_. JO`Qx, 'W`x ~=
W^ ... J##\ iq` ~=O@ J`xH Un ^. XH<H ~`=# h=
KK=#H, h= ^xx Z@ `".... Jk P ~=#< h z`=$u ueOk
H^! D HO_ t== Wk ~` ^=_ Wk =$H, [O`= P""#
XH ^= Wk x~Q"# = Wk XH Q~= =O\k XH =h~
~O..... =## J#iOK WÔ` ~k^HO\Ok.
Jk h= Z\ ` ... h zÒ Jk J> ueOk. J^qÔQ D r=
_ `= JO`~=#Oê x~H~`=# =~z KOQ OKuH s~=#
Ht<~. ''<# D s~=# iq`"#"_# .... J# ^$_"# =##
P~OK@O [~QÒk.
=` _# D H=# $lOKK# =H~}O H;``H".
J\ H;``H= (eOQ s~=) H OH|O K`< `H [Q`
Pq~q Ok. eOQ^ = (=#) "" xH `" ~ `" # Oq`~" . JO^K`<
Jk U ==O^ _ `# Ju"H (H;``) ==# H=@^. J@
HO_< D Ò J#qOK@O [~QÒk. "@"^> OKuH s~O
F Lù H~}O G 185
L` #O H=@O ^ =! H ; ^ O H = OQ ` O O^ Q D
OKuH#=O kOk. ^H ^= SH "=. H|\, = ^H"#
D Ô `# H~}"#\ H;^=# kOK@q\? J@ s~=
=## kOK@ .... J##k J*#O =#< kOk.
H#H F ~~=! $+H~ |^=_ =<=_ =`". J`_ s~k
PH~= H"_ H^. nxx J#iOz, ''D q= =<== =`". Wk
OK ` O|O^= `" # k H^ .... Jx Q OK. H~= `# H~}"# ^xHO>
"~#k Z\ J=Òk?
[#~`_# | Z\ Hi H~} ", J^qÔQ | #O_
[xOz# D [Q` _ Z\ Hi H~} =. H~H~}= Ô
LO_^x, H~}= Z\^, H~= J\^#x J#<O H^! H#H ~|=
Z\^, D u[Q` (^==~`H= *Q$u +
H; H~}=) J\"## q+O U=Ò OÔ ^. h~ #O_
^=Ò "~? JyHO> L+Ò "~#k H^ H^! | =<==# Ok#"_
D [Q`# $+OKK<_. | q^ `` " H^! [Q` _ q^`` =HO>
"~q J~=O_ ^. J==@^.

q^=# : D =# OH~HOQ, QO^~#Q~O, 'q^ J~#\ D

q OK=# HeOKK#k. WH_ 'q^ JO> Uq\? ''D [Q` |=
HO> "~ .... J< =< q^ Jx qA JaO. XH_ pH\ `_# Kz
'= Jx qOz<_#H. ''P`_ =` =}K<_ H^! H#H Jk "
J~=O@Ok.... Jx J#@O ZO`=~ =O[O? ""xH ''``=
(Phenomenal Existence) J##k D [Q`#O^ ^. ''OH`= (Will or Volition)
=`" L#k. J~` D OH`= Z=iH LO@Ok? JAH H^! |^=_

"^#"~ `` A H^! "iO^ D ``= Z\ LO@Ok? `` A#"i
^$+H Ju"Hs~" (=<~") LO_^. WH uH ^"H_k?
D [Q` ''=# J#^xH =# J~=#k. J#Q r=xH
=<~[=`" WÔ`! =<~[= =O\ D [Q^$= Ok. '=_`=
JO> Uq\? `# "= ~==# =~z# D r=_ WOk#= =`
`^`= O^K =< "==#@Q J#qOK@. J\ J#==<
'[Q` Jx JO@<O. =# 'qiOz H | H s~O. WH =# JO>
186
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
Uq\? OH=`" H^! OH`H=<~Q ^= `` " x[s~=#
(J#Q OH=#) qiOz W@ D [Q`# $+OKK#k.

|H ~=, s~= _ =#. JO^ '$kq "^# OK `=

=. ''J> u}H =# q+O _ Jx QOK|_QH! Hx, =#
K`< $kq "^# OK`= HeOK |_K<~. XH z# H= q`,
H= += H}=h Wq_ L<~ H^! J^ qÔQ =##O^ D ^$=#
O|OkOz# =K~=O` Wq_ L#k. =#^$= "~ "~x Z=~< J#Q~?
=# LO_@OK`< ^$=Q_K#k. =# H`, ^$= _ ~Oz
Òk. XH_ =#, =<gk#, =*= K<_. P =*=O`
L#^H_? $^=#O^ H^! J^ qÔQ Z^~Q H#|_K# D ^$=O`
XH_ `# $^=#O^ QOKK<_. Hx, =# H^x, H;|k`
QOK^=QH! _ `# z`=# HeOK|_# K= K`< HO`_Q@
K LO\=. D ^$ K= _ J*#|^Q =#A# _Oz e
KK#k.
XH c[= Wq_# JO~=, `y# ^H= Oz#C_ XH
^ ==$H=QK#k. =# Wq_=# D ^$= _ `y# ^H=
aOz#_ OH ~=# HtOk.
F ~=KO^! XH" D ^$= "=" J~=O>, WH Wk ~= H
ZH_O@Ok? J_ ^YOu K~ ==~" LO_^. r=x ^$+ ^$=
LqOK#O`H= P#O^==Q H== O^ J=H" ^. ^$`=
`y#_ D r=# ^+`= _ LO_^ H^! J_ +OK^q\? ''H=Ò
Jx D ux qV <~. J\ ''H=`" "H= Jx K|_#k.

Ou =O` LKiOK|_# `~"` KeOK|_Ok.

(~O_= ~A qK~} i J~Ok)

F Lù H~}O G 187
=_= ~A
4. =# ^$=
N~=_ : F Q"#_! =+ =s! q~ x# ~O_= ~A kOz# ^xx |\
''D [Q` JO` =# #O_ "=_ HtOk .... J< q+O +=Òk.
J~` D =# H ~" q\? ZH_, ZO^K`, Z@ LO\Ok? = q=iOKO_.
N =+=i : PH= Jx =#O #k ^xx? JH_ #`= HO_
=iOH^< L#^? h ~OQQ U^< ^~=#^? ^! J^ qÔQ
<H`H"# =# _ "~ ~O JO@ Un ^. ^x " Qx,
Qx Un H#~O_< L#k. J~#\H, PH== ~` "K<
L#k. '=$Q`$+ O^ h~ H J#=OQ, =# #O_ D [Q` H
J#= O O^#=@ x[". XH_ `# 'OH= K`< =<^$O K# @Q
.... D =# H ~H# _ =~". #"# D =##
x~zOK@"\ KC? h ^ H~ XH x~K#O K`#. q#.
''`{J` ("=J"=) ==# HtOK^ =# .... Jx K=K.
WO`qOz ^xH "~ PH$u ^. x~H~"# z` (Absolute & Formless
Consciousness) J~H~=Q J^=`"#C_ (taking half - form) '=# JO@<O.
J#Q =# z` H< "~#k H^. '=\ x~H~O H^! '=\Q_ J##k PH~=
Hey '=\ HO> "~ HO_< L#k H^.
OHeOK"_ OH= : OH" =# H ~=. OH= J#^x
HO> =O^ OHeOK "_ L<_H^! ~=# =O^Q ^`= 'z` Jx,
P z` OHe#C_ '=# Jx K|_Òk. J~` h\ #O_ ^=`= "~?
"=#O_ "K#= "~#kQ KQ=? ZH_ OH=O> JH_ =#
LO@Ok. D ~O_ "~"~Q ZH_ Z=~ J#qOzO_^.
= *=#, q+=# 'Z~H ~=# J#=~=# HtO
*#^ =#. ''J@ HtO*|_#k `"#^? J`"#^?
JHeH=? JkHH eH=? .... J<k "~ q+ O. =# ^xx Z@ OHeO ^,
^xx Jk J\ J#=OQ< O^` LO@Ok. J\ =<==` _Hx# ^
K`#" `=_Q '|^=_. J`_ ''PkuH |k (Wk ^~*= ...
Jx QiOK`` =)# $+OKK<_. <<! ~=! L`=Q"~ =##
188
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
# D ^$OK=# .... ''Jq^, O$u, z`=, =#, |O^=,
==, `= ... J##q =~~#x QOz LO@<~.
=##= K =" =# : D ^$OK= HO_ =## "~
~" ^. =# OHeOK |_#C_ LO\Ok. JO^K` ''Jk WC_ W@
Lù J~#k Jx =#O x~tOKO. J> ''D ^$=# _ ""xH 'Lù
J##^ ^ ... Jx K|_Òk. x# K# ^$O`" K`#. q#. `=~=
H c[O P =H H;==O` O~~O Wq_ L#k H^? J>
z`~= }=#O^ D [Q` JO` O~ ~=# Wq_ #k. J#Q ^+ O^
^$`= Wq_=#^x QOK. J~`, XH K=`~O. |OQ~=# P~}Ò
L#^? ^. Hx P~}= |OQ~= HO> "~ H^ H^! ZO_== ["H_?
Hx [= H PH~"H^ .... ZO_== iOKk? ~O H#|_
Q_ <k L#^? J^qÔQ ^+O^Q D ^$`|k _ =`H".
H~=# H~}= HO> "~# '` ^. J^qÔQ ... D ^$= H LxHH
H~}O? ''h= nxx D suQ îOK@ =! J##^ =^#=QK#k.
Wk hHO> "~ H^. J#Q h =# hHO> "~H^. =# L#k hO^. h
~= K`< Jk `~QK#k. `` " =# H =^~O.
D ^$=h ^+O^ L<<k ijeOz Kz QOz#C_ hH J=QÒ
HQ^. D q+O +_\xH h z`^~}=# L# =e#=# D ^K
`yOK Ò K<#. z`=e#= K`< XHxH `#O^ D q= J#|_
'^$= `KK#k. z`= Q =e#= `yOz" ^$= LO_^. JC_
r=_ x~_, K_ HtOKQ_. Qe gK#C_ P H^= H^! P``
UH`= OqOz#C_ z`= H O^#= Py LO@Ok. JC_ D z`=
#O^ LO_ L# ~Q^+=, "# `y`~.
K` # =*#= =< D k, q, PH= "^# q HtOK K<~
H^! (H Jq è=KK<~ H^!) P K`#= H H= #O^ k
"^#=h H~=#C_ ^x< ''P`HO JO@<O. ''h=<#H=
.... "^QQ ^$=h J` Jx ^ _#C_ P îOK"_ H ^+
=~`_ H== Ok#>! ^~}O (JÔ) HO_ "IIq uaOaOK#C_
P J^= H=O J^=Q< LO@Ok H^! ^+O^ <#h=[Q` .... "^#
" H~#C_ (î`==#_ H J#===#C_) P ^+ _
H=_ JQK<_.

F Lù H~}O G 189
5. ^$= J^$=
N~=_ : |*! ""xH `# q<#=##^ ^. J`# Lù ^.
WO`=~ < +" Jx JxOk. Hx zÒ KK~? D '^$= J<H
Z_`Qx ^+=` _#^, `"#^x=< = =O KOk. ''Wk
J` H J"=O Jx "= QOKH `<=. WÔ` = ZO` =#,
^Y=# =~=~ Hey< L#k. JO^K`, D ^$q+z OuOKk Z\Q
KO_.
N =+=i : D ^$K=# Ou*Q XH<H =O`= (qK~})
K`<#. q#.
F ~=! D ^^# K_. Wq K`#== Hx<~ H^! J~` Wq
HH=OQ XH<\H =$u KO^K<~. D ^^ #tO>, WH JK`#"#
== QiOz "~ K=#^=O@Ok? JO^K` U"q Hx< J=h
#tOK`<~. WO`=O^ x", WC_ LO_, XHC_ #tOKq `"\
J=`~? XH z# L^~}. [O `~OQH~O J#H}O ~K#k H^!
'`~OQ= J< == Z ZC_ aOk? Jk [=#O^Q [= H
PH~" H^! Hx, "~#@ H#|_K#k. D ^$==~=O` J\^. WÔ`
~` H q<"!
h= K#@ L#^xH (^=#) <#= U<\H OqOK^. J\
Jq<#=Q == (^+) [Q`, D [Q`x ''h=<#s~=
[#=$`= "^# ^~*xH ''=#= H ''LxH#=
J#k. J#Q Jk D ~^$= H c[=# `#O^ O~ ~=#
Hey LO\Ok. P O~O + =O |kO^, HO H$u
O^ J}y LO\Ok. =~, +#O`~O, #O`~O ''^+^$=
~=# H\ `=Òk. J~` D ^+^$= #\ =H JO==O^=?
J@ J#\xH g^. ZO^HO>, D ~O_O\x JkQqOz# uO^ `#\
r=# ^=`#, |+ #, =#+#, `r=# J<
=# `~_`<~. J@ r=# HtOK"~ D ^$=# O^K<~.
`^#Q}OQ =i<~ _. =i P r=#, O~ r= Q ^"q\
KC? J\ ^= JO`~OQ=# U~_# J=Q#O^ L#k =!
D ^$= |@ LO> LO_h. ^ O_h. ^x=# #+=q =.
Jk $Ô "tOKO_ KKH"e. _= h L<, h~ _=H
190
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
"tOKh= H^! XH" D ^$= $ÔH ~Q^+ P ~=#
"tOzO^ ... WH Jk D r=x Qe@OQ =_ H uQ^. P
uC@ JO` LO_^. JO^K` r=_ =# q+O *Q~_ LO_e. h~
_= "tOKO> _= =K W|Ok UO LO@Ok?
F ~=KO^! J#=~H"# =i u*~H"# D < "H q#.
P `~"` h= J_y#k K`#.
=# Hx# D PHk OK`= Qx, JO`~=# J#=
=QK# ''JO "^#qQx ==~^ =`" Ji*# ^$+H "~"~Q
`KK<~. ""xH ~=~ ^$+ WÔ` J== [~=~}~`=
JQ |" J~=#k. |=# "~#\ ''[Q` J#|_ XH<H ^~= U
H}=O^ <^. ~=# ~_, PH=# PH^+, O`=# O`_,
|=# |= L<x QOK"_ *x. L# `= J^. ""xH D
''^$=^+^~#= ... J##q =. JO> Jq #=x < JaO
H^. WÔ` O`=Q K`# i`"#x QOK|_QH!
N~=_ : ! ''D [Q` ^ Jx q~ KCK#C_ q#\xH Q< L#k.
Hx = J#=O JO^ `y#@ ^.
Q_e =~_ ~`=# QQ@K<_.
O^\ ~O_ H= ZO` JOÔQ L<~!
|O_~~ K` K #$Ò KOk.
WH K=~# kOk.
~u= ZO`Q K^=Òk!
P z`@Ox "= K Q~#K < K= _`<~.
"H Z\" , =@ ''D [Q` ^ J# "H= _ J\^ . ZO^HO\~?
=$`=, =e`#=, ^Y=, =*O, PHO, ~`= .... D "^#
J<H q+=` _# D [Q` ^x JO@<~ H^! W=h #C_ "=
KK D `ÒQ=O` Uq\?
J~`, |AQ q~ =$^ J~# U "HO H~x _ < `.
JO^K`, ''D q= W`~= ^. WC_ _ L`#=Q@ ^. WOH\H
LO_^ Jx KC@ J~"^#^ =iHO` q=iOKO_.
N =+=i : F ~"! < "H= JOQÒ H^. <# Kk ^Q,
L^Q~ÒQ q#.
F Lù H~}O G 191
x[OQ< Q_e =~x= WÔ` ==`". ''< H#|_K#k H^!

JO\"? O _ h= Q$=#, [## K<= H^! J=h L<?
LO> ZH_ L<~? O> qH~h Z@ HQK<~? JÔ` =# H
qH= =`"#x `H^! =" =# KK@@, #=O
O^@@ KOk. =# J` J~#\H, x*K =# x[s~=# HeOKHx,
WH P WO^*== D [Q`# W@ qiOKOk.
KOKH` _Hx# =# =Q iOk. J^ q Ok. ~ =#
HeOKHx ~#~H ~ =Ok. zOk. O~O x=Q=Òk.
WO`< =Hx O^Òk. WÔ` =# H H# =`". =# HO_
"~ [Q` <^.

6. |= ==
N~=_ : q! ''D =# _ q^ Jx JO@<~ H^! ZO^Hx?
===Q D =# ZH_ #O_ L`#=Òk? "@"^@ D q+O
QiOz q=~OQ KO_. J@ qQ` q+ =Ô.
N =+=i : F ~=KO^! D ^$$+ JO` <=~` ~Oz
''== =O ..... JC_H +OK^q\? O`=, JYO_=,
xi=, Jkf= J~#\ `=". (A state of absolute self-existence).
J#==`=Q J\ D r=x uH <=~ H~#\H G= J^xH
'|= J# ~\~.
J\ |== [#Qx, H=Qx, =Qx =. Jk x`=,
~=, ~ H= O`=, H~}~ `= J~=#k. ^x< '~= `, '=~_
Jx _ JO@<~. Zx~` ZO` K< UO O? P ~=== "H=K`
Q OK|_Qe Q k H^. =H ~+ ^xx `= H J#= =ÒQ Z~QK<~.
''P`, |=, |, ~=`, t=_.... J##=h kOK@ gQ J^x
O^ HeOK|_~. J~` D ~h ^x qH= H=x, <=~=
H#=ÒK` ^=O O^=# x^x ~[# =#q K<#.
OY ^xx '~+_ Jx <~.
"Ô` '|= Jx KCK<~.
q*#"^ 'x~ q*#= JO@<~.
#"^ Jk ''^~~`=, '#= - Jx <~.
192
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
J~` Jk ~ ''<=~=# Jf`"#k. Jk ~KO^
#H`^#, ~r=# HtOKOk. H#H ~r= "= ~=^.
<=~= H# J^xx O^ =~O Q=O K\xH =! J^ =Hq#"_
H^+H~ ~=# HtOk. Jk '` J~_ J`= LO\Ok.
~^=O^ ~^ LO@ _ ^~== JxOk. z`H" Jk.
~x #O_ H~}O[= |^~K#@ P z`H= #O_ |
q+= WO^_ "^# ^=Ò` |~` = =`<~. =^[O |^^==
(|_Q =) J#O` OY [Q` |_@O [~QÒk. #^h =^=" H
Ja=Y=QK#@, D ^$=h J^x" H H^ K<~. nO= Jk `##`<
HtOKH#K, `^~ ~ ^~=# HtOKOk. Jk PHO,
t, ~`=, Ò, "=, u }H $Ô ~"
"QO^K#k. Jk s~=O^ "tOz D H~Ok=, *<Ok=
`= `= ## x~iOK#@Q Ok. Jk XHC_ ~=# =~z
=_x=, =Q"x=, [_x= =iOk. t xOQ#, PH=
#=Q#, ~`= Hi#=Q#, [= ^=`=`# LO_@@ OKk,
xqOKk P |=". ^x #=# J#iOK ~_ XH<H x=OQ
Ht L^~ Jq<_.
" #O_ =~O ~Ok H^! J^ qÔQ JHM=` xO_# P ~===
#O_, ''O~= J#|_ J~=$+ ~Ok. D 'uH= J< gzH ^x#O_
"=_K JO^H x<~. J^ ~`= JO`~q, JO`s#Q#",
`", ~" LO__ ... H L#@ qOKOk. =`~" LO__
JOîO^ =# ==# "K#k. "= `# gzHK `# <@O
K~Ok. KK"? J>, Jk .... 'WOk= J< ^=`#, '|O_=
J< = `# 'z` J< ==`# _Hx# D ''H$u J< `#
<@O K~Ok. '^= J< JOMH"# > z#=Q =##
LOzOk J^ =! KO^x#O_ H~} = =# @ P`#O_ $+ "=_K<~.
F ~"! P z^H=#O^ $+ J< q^` HtOk. '}= J<
j` "= gKK<~. J^=# HeOKk, ^=# =~QiKk,
H '` U~~Kk J^. ^x x^= K`< [_=# D s~^ KeOK@O
[~QÒk. '`x\H ` J~=#\ ^x=#< ^H=, xu (cause &
effect), K#O^k H =iOK@O [~QÒk. ^ z#=Q D
F Lù H~}O G 193
~= =" PH=# ^~= # =Q zOuOz, P~=# J\H C _

^K#k.

P ~= =" D q |O_=# XH H $+ , =~H" Ug K #@

=#=, x+`=, xi`=, O`= =Ok. ~} "= ~=
HO> "~#k H#\ J^xH uQ` =. Jk ~^ D OK= H '^$`=
^+`= ~Oz#\ xiH~K`#=Q `#H J^ ` P``` =#O^
xz#k. F ~=KO^! JkHH WH_ Qx =~H_ Qx =~H == Un ^.
Jk ~K ~q^= P~kOK|_`y#k. #=iOK|_`y#k. ^xx
QOz#"iO^ ~ `= #t~.

7. | H`~O
^=^=_Q P ~=`x` H, ~ "= ~=Q ^ K`<`
Q " #x` UH` = ''*#Q= =# =`" a O k. JO`Hx, s~ H+= `
_# P H~ x~iOz#O` =ÒK` aOKk H^x ~ Q~ K<#.
U H~##"#\H Jk '=# H q`` J# H =` K|_e.
JC_ ^+~ `=Q =# *#~}
=Q L^~O k. P, P`^~ #=
H J#=O Ok.
F ~=KO^! "= D O~ ==~=O` `~z`~z ijeOKO. WO^
U~_K# Y^Y= = JO` =$Q`$ +# Kz#C_ U~_K# [Ou
=O\k =`". D =# Ou*Q LO ''`` *#O XH>#x "=
QOz# `~"`<, P q+O OK=O`\ H K@K<O. ''<# Z=~? g~O`
Z=~? D ^$=, ^$O`~`=# D s~= U" L<~? J# q+"
O~ J=Q#~H"# *#" ~= ~~# B+Ô.
F [#~! =$u~`_, ^~_ J~#\ ~=` ZH_ ^~OQ
L#"_ H^. H ^Q~Q LO_"__ H^. ^~_ H^. q_ H^.
U^< =# L# ="` .... Wk ^~OQ L#k, H ^Q~Q L#k ... Jx
J#=K. Hx ~=` ^+ H "= ~" J~#C_, WH ^Q~, ^~=
Z\ LO\~? J`_ aOz LO_xk ZC_? J`_ _ H^. ^~_ _
H^. #O^ H~=Q P |= q q x[s~=O^, ~^ aOz
194
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
L<_. `j~#C_ qO^ J`x LxHx `H QOKQ~. qO^
k=" "QK# P P`^=x =ê\ ZH_H_ ZO^ "``~ KO_?
` ^#= =`= "II q ^$+x ^~K@ =`" LHi~.
"\ U XH\ =Q `` *#=# K ~=. J~`, "\ O fHO_.
q~ =Q qq ~ B#`=# îOK@ ^ H"e. qA#
=h ~=# P~Oz `=O^ P ~=`H J#==#
O^K<~.
<#~! q~ ''^$ OH` (Attachment towards sensory impressions &
experiences) J#|_ "*O zHx<~x Q~K<#. D "O
`Q^\Q HOKO K# K O_. WO^ = `KK# L= KC K<O.

^ [## qOKO_. "~ Kk ^Q q#O_. =##xk^ # OkOKO_.
P``` =# qnHiOK G= *# ^" H^! Jq _ q=#
LîOKQ=. H=OQ ''O`= ~+= JQ |" q ~"
#^x J#=~HOQ QOKO_.
JO ^= W`= Oi*#=``
[O`~*` ^Y", r=#H`"u K II (VI. 6)
''<O^ "eqi#\ W`_ ^=^=_Q ~=` J# *#= aOz#
`~"`, WH D ^M#== Hh_ _ LO_^. J\ *#=< ''P`*#O Jx
JO@<O. Jk Ok#"_ r=#_QK<_.

N~=_ : =`! 'P`QO K` ~" P ~=`Q QOK@K D
[##=~}O~k ^+=h `y`x q =@ =# Q<#.
J~` =s! P ^=^=x jOQ OÔ> U H~~ x= PKiOK
KO_.
N =+=i : ~~=!
~+`# q"H# qH<
^" *`, ~=! # ` # H~a II (VI. 9)
`#H `= K` (~+H~= K`< ) ''q"H= qH=(Discrimination
& Knowledge\wisdom)# Ok#"_ |H`~O O^K<_. q"H=`
_# |kx LyOKO_ H=O #= `= "^# H~H== K`

'^$+ J=_^. ''@O| +} "^# HH ==~= xOQ`=`
F Lù H~}O G 195
PKiOK"iH, J"q *#=~# J_H=x H\ <#. ''"= D uH

==~=O^ x=Q"<=. WC_ *#=#, | H`~=#
O^#HO> HH ==~= x~OK" .... Jx `z P`*#
=K~=# ijeOKx"~ = ^$+ =~ =`".
~Q ^+ `= H^ =^=`~ =~#"
q<, ~=! `^#O, HU= # "=" II (VI. 10)
F ~=! ''H=, H^, , ", =^, =`~# ZO`=~ `lOK QeQO?
J##^ =YO. Jq =^< ''H = HeyO_ O_, `^<^ P~OK@O
HHH~= J=`~ Hx, L`"`="# [#O kOK=. XH_
~Q^+= |_ ~# =OzOz OkOz#^xx ^#O K_#H. J P
^#= Z=i^ J`_ ^x =# O^K<_. ~Q^+= |_ K|_
=`= "II `~= ''ÔaH= Jx K|_K<~. W\ H~=
=# UO [#O? ''<# < =## k KH#@H D =`, [, `
^<^# P~<#. =~=ih LîOK@ H^. J\ ^"# =#K
<` ~O^ "QK# P`^=x ^~#O KO\# J# J=Q#`
`, ^#= "II#q x~iOK|_e.
H#H F [#~! q~O` `j~ J=O_. ZO` H+_< ~,
ÔQ= q`, KG= ^~O OkOKO_. x[OQ q~ ^
Y~` HQ~K<~ H^! P`^=x O^Q~K<~ H^! J~`, D ~Qk
^+=# =^=#^! JO^ ~+H~O HO_ "~ L"q L#k?
~+H~=K `` *#O Z\ aO^ K`#, q#O_. nxK ~Q^k
^+= ~=# L# q+z"k LqOKQ^.
^ O= =$` HG-q~^
O`+ O`+=< QQOÔ i`*` II (VI. 16)
"@"^@ g#O`=~ HG= q~^= H#\ rq`=#
J=OaOKO_. ^$zHOQ O^K#^x` O`+ HO_. Q"# =#<
JO`$ |î q=# e KOk. JO^K` Q"# (tendencies
that keep you craving) `lOKO_. P" H" =Ô_. H=OQ z`=# O``
J"@ KO_. ^= Uq KCK<~ q#O_. KG= H\ OKK#k

''^<^~ ``" J#@.
196
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
QOKO_. x+^"# H~# =^K qK~} `=# P~OK"_ Ju
jOQ =Hx O^QQ K<_. Wk = J#=~O. U |k=O`_` qK~}K
|~=# Q_, J\"x@ | q+ =~ WO^k ^=`
_ ^ K` LO\~. XH ~ ` `# `@x JO^" # "H# H_#@
H_HO\~.
F ~=! '^= J#Q Z=~? *#"~Qk qt+ Q}=` HtOK
#\"_ =! J\ ^=# [# QiOKQ~. [# JaO =}OQ
fHx '^=# QiOKe. ZO` uOK< ~, J`xx P~Oz, J`_
Kk H^` q<e. J}=` tOz, KOk qx, sHiOKHx ij<`H
|kK P`*xq H"e.
G=, Q~=, `# q= H"_ ^=# îOKK<_.
KG= : q^x\ +"#k 'P^`q^. J\ P`q^# kOK G"
''KG=.
Q= JOz#"i =#x =$`h `Q`~ H^! J^qÔQ
''ÔQ= KG~#= =# "~Q=, ^$=@ ~Q= `Q@
"II <~. ``~}OQ 'Jq^ J#|_ O~= #tOk. ~^ ~`
~q^ ^=^=_Q ~=`# ~H~K P~kOK@" ~` $+"# LO.

8. qÔ`
N~=_ : F =s! ^=^=_Q ~=`# qOK=x P*OKK<~. J\
~=`` q`K J""# =O OKQ^x q "K Q<O.
``"`, = a+ J~#\ qH "H= ==# D 'OiH
^$+ #O_ `H H_`~.
Hx =! < =~H = =z_Òk. q~ KC P ''~=`
J##k Z=i QiOz? Z=x QiOz Ziy# `~"` =H aO^x JO@<~ J\
~=` ZH_O\_? J`xx "= `H=@O Z\? K~@O Z\? =iHO`
q=iOKO_.
N =+=i : <# KCK# P P` Q"#_ ZH_ ^~OQ _ =! J`_
K`#~=# =#Oî s~= x=OKK<_. D q" J`_.
F Lù H~}O G 197
Hx J`_ q~=Q JQ@^. L#k J`_H_. J`xH "~Q q=

J##k ZH_ Z#_ ^. ''P z# `` " |, q+=, =~_, ~_,
h=, <#, _ .... Jx QOK^= QH. ~= P K`# ~" Hx, =iOHq
H^.
N~=_ : q! D q=O` K`#~= =`" J~=O> .... P q+O
W\H JO^~ QOz LO_e H^! =i q=O\ ^=K L^=
W=|_=# JQÒ ZO^ LO\Ok? P z``` = DsuQ ''[_= K`#=
: h=<# J#|_ J<H ~=Q ZO^ H\ `=Òk ....?
N =+=i : ''D uH ^$+H J<H`=Q HxOK ^$= z` ``= H
i}== J##k iH^. z^` H z^= ~^ i}= ~ÒQ< LO_
LO\Ok. ''Jk J<H`= O^K#k ..... J< Ja=` _# *_=
L#O`=~ D r=xH 'O~= J< J#== HOK=_ LqOK^.
''O~= JO> Uq\? J< qA, ''J<H` ~= ^K# D
^$" ~=O`"#k ... Jx J#H< `Q K`# r= ^$+ O~=
Jx x~K#O KC K<~. J\ PK< q^#" [## =~}k =# HQ* Ok.
D r=x KK"? W`_ JA_, `q+=# QOKx"_, `# "=
~== =~z#"_ JO^ e ÒQ J<H ^Y~O ~ J#q < _?
ZO^K` KC? ''< h s~=#. D < WOk J#== "=O. W`~`
U~~KH# O|O^ O^== `= Jx qOK@K`< =! J`_
''~#= = # =ê#"_ uaOa`=Q JO`H~} K` # =# _ =~= Q
J#~= J#q<_. |~Y =$` (Avocations of external matters) WO^
H~}O. J@ |~YO JQK# z`=$u .... x`K`#=Q P`H ^~#=K ...
#tOKK#k. =QK# =$` JO`~YO HQ ... JC_ D r=xO^
XH<H ~`= HtOKK#k. J#Q D r=_C_ ~~=_
JQK<_. <# ''~_ # ^_ # x`_# J# J=Q#< ''`` H`~O
Jx JO@<O. ^xx Ok# "xH WH H"= LO_=. ~`~_Q
|=# Ziy#"x H $^QO^, O~= qz#"`<~.
''<# XH ~H=OqH` xiOK|_# Q_ =O\"_x. g~ =`" < "~.
"~ ~~"~ .... J##\ ^~+ h `lOK|_`~. O^ =h `y`~.
Oz`H~h ~Oz`~.

198
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
H|\ F ~=KO^! ''<# Z=~? Uk H^? D ^$"q\? J##k
QOz#C_ D r=x *_O "Ô@ `yÒk. JC_ r=_ t=_ J=`_.
J~` D z`=# =" iOKO_ ~O` |=OÒQ x~k
^$^~#O PQÒ^? ^$Ou O^? ^. ''D ^$O`h qÔu
K`< HQK<~ J< *#O H`, |~Y=QK# z`=$`# x~kOK@O
Z=i `~O? *#=~# O_ ^$^~#O OuOK@O JO=O. ''^$==
q^ J##\ ~ " # J=Q# (H *#=) H ` ^$f`" # \ z`~" HO
Z\ aOk.
JO^K` ~"! U ~QO`< D ^$=# u~iOz#O`=ÒK`
XiQ^q LO_^. Q, J\^x` D [Q`~"q\ J~O HHQ, J~"
qQÒk. "= D =~= # ^= O\ P =K#= ^~ D [Q` ~" q\
q_=i KCK<O.
= D `= ... ''D r=x W`~" ~^ "OK# ''i^`
`` =# Q~K@O =`". JO`Qx, H`Q =~H>n `z u#
KKO_@ ^ =!

9. ~=` ~"\k?
N~=KO^_ : =s! ''<# Wk Jx `HH=@O K`< r=xH O z#
D O~= `Q#k H^! J~` D ~r=# LO_ LO@, ~r=
'`< .... J~#"_ Z=_? J`_ PH~? J`_ U P^~O` ZH_, Z@
=OKK<_? q~ KCK#@ ^ OQ==K, KG=K _HQ
P ~`~x ~"\k? ^K KO_.
N =+=i : <<! ~=! ''[# J< J~}O OKiOKK# XH<H K`#
r=xO^ ''W`_ ~=` J##\ |k LOK"~ ZO`\ O_`< =
^$+ O~"# J=Q# H"~ H^. ZO^HO\"? D O~=#,
`Ô`~`"# ^Y= H~}O r=Ou H^! XHxx Ziy#O` =Ò K`
"=#k? XH<H r=x r=`=` L# ~OaOz J@ H=H=OQ
''~r= ~=` ~" J##\ ~`==# QOz#C_ ^Y=h
`=O`\`= =Q Lq<~. q+= `y` P q+= H =O
`QÒk H^! J\Q ^$= ~=` ~OQ J#Ò HQ^.
F Lù H~}O G 199
N~=_ : F |*! ~=`x ~"q\ L#k L#@ =iOKO_. q~

Kk qx, P ~=`# îOz "= D =<"= #O_ O~=Q q_=_
QQÒ.
N =+=i : U *# ~"` H}O XHK\#O_ =~H K\H "K#^....
U ^~ =Ô J~` ... D `q+`=~=#= ~=Q
LO_#\ ''H= _ 'q^ J~L#^ ....
U ''Z~H J# ^x D [Q` JO` è_K#^ ....
^x O^ ^+^~#=^$= `Q L#q H#\H, L#>
JQ<
D OK=O` J` J~#\H ^x O^ `= (^= =)
H#|_Ò^
J<kQ D $+ "=O` ^xO^ q^~=` O^....
U z<`= (Knowing concept) K`#" J~=O__ |O_~~ =
=~K~ H ~^ x+`" L#^^ ...
Uk [_= J~ _ [_= HH L#^ ...
D JO` (s~^=<|k JOH~^) ==x\` _
LO_, ~ ==~= x~iOKK#^^...
<<! Jk '~=` H ~=. ~_ "^# H ^~=
x\ H ~= "`~ H^! D H#|_Ô` ^x L#^ J^ ~=` H
i"+`=x QOK.

N~=_ : ''~=` XH> ^=. D ^$[Q` JO` Jx`=q^ ... Jx

= J#=~HOQ è^\?
N =+=i : F ~=! J@ P PH=" K_. JH_ U^ hOQ H#|_K#k
H^! J~`, PHO h~OQQ ^~O L#^? ^ H^! PH= ""xH
#=, ~#=~ L#@, z# |= #O^ D Ou=[Q` _
HxOk. J\ *#= aOz#C_ |= H ~= =Q
^_K#k. ''D [Q` q^ J# *#= HO_, |=# Z~Q@ "~
LO JO@ Un ^.
''H= J#|_ u D ^$==h #t<~. JC_ P
~=~+_H_ +OKK<_ J@ qyeO_^ ''^~=.
200
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
J#Q... h ^$+ ''h= <# J`_ [Q` J#|_#Ô` O~OQ
~OKQ... JC_ hO^ +OK^ Jk. ^q*#`` =Q J^xO^ D ^$
*=O` [xOK@O, LO_@O, ~OK@O _ [~QÒ^x QOK.
J~` XH =Y"# q+O. ''Q_x^ U~_ [_u ^~= Jx
= __^. 'uaO|= J##^ LO_x ^~}O ZH_< LO@O^? ^$=O
H` |= H uaO|= _ LO_^.
N~=_ : =i q~ ''~= ~OKQ J\H +OK u Jx KC#k ^xx?
N =+=i : ''D [Q` `H^ J##\ "=*#" J\ u. ''Wk q^
=`" ... Jx Q OK#O`HO ~` ` =# ZH_ Z=~ Z~Q~ . #H ''^$=#
`lOK@O JO> ''[_`= P~OK@O... =ÒH^x =~ Q~ K<#.
Q_x^=O eHk |~O`= (~Q #O_ |^=x =~)
^$~`"# [_Ò O^K< L<~ H^! Jk "HO JxOKO@O^? ^
''D ^$= <# K_# Jx H =H#O` =ÒK` ~` ` #= O O K^ .
D ^$= `Q L#k H^. Wk He`= K`< D = }
P q^=Q `KK#k. = r=~ UH"# |= D '^$
#==K U=Ò U H}=O^_ `H|_@O^... J##\ L`= O~O
H ^$+ "H=. H#H ~=! D ^$= ^. |= =`" L#k.

10. uH^$+
N~=_ : =HOîH Z^~Q Hx D ^$= +=Q J#= =QK#k
H^! Wk q^ Z\ J=Òk? =~H . |= JÒ` H;"#kQ K|_Ok
H^! J\ H;"#^x D JÒ` q~"# [Q` Z Wq_ L#k? P=yO[
"~~Ò W=_Q^?
N =+=i : <<! hH W`~ ^$_O K`< WC_ D OK=#
OKuH ^$+` K<=. JO^K`< h@ ''Wk = Wk H;= ...
"^# ==~=h =i<~.
WC_ h= UHQ`zÒ` ÔQO, KGO, qK~}# P~ ....

''Ò` +~QO H;O `< ~O u+`" Ju H;", $Ô `~Q=O^#
J^xO^ ~= u+`"#k .... =O`+O.
F Lù H~}O G 201
''D ^$= ""xH U"#k? J##k ijeOK@O [~QÒk H^! WH h

z`=# JO\@Hx L#\ ^$Ou `QÒk. ZC_` ''D ^$= W@
L#k J##\ PH~H *#O `QÒ^ ... JC_ ^+`= H P=~}
_ #tOKK#k. J#Q ''g\x îOK#\ ^+#Q <# D ^$=# =`"
iq`_< L<# J# =# LO_^. JC_ +OK^q\? ~=Q ^
K`#". J^xO^ *~HOQ xH_ HeyO_> "HO.
J ^$#=O ZH_ #O_ kOk? ^+`= #O_ H^! D OKO
k`= (~O_ H=) J#^x#O_ UH`= UH`K# (PK#) #O_ k`=
HQK<~. 'XH\ H` '~O_=k HQ^. D 'k` q=i`"#\ ^=
(that which is absolutely true) =`" qye LO@Ok. ''D [Q` (H ^$=)
J"==. q^, = =O\k J# ^ h HeyOK##H ... JC_ h z`

^~}=# JO\@Hx# ''JOH~O, |k, =#, ==# .... "^#
~=#Q ''^$== `y Òk. ô `_z"|_#C_ ^~}= (JÔ)
+=Q uaO|= K#@, ^ z`=#O^ P`== `# x` JYO_k
==` = +=Q H\ Ò HQ^.
''D ^$== `Q@ H+^= H^ Jx h= qOK_^ =!
ZO^HO\"? J` J~#^xH ` (H LxH) ZH_? ` ''O_@O J##k
ZC_O@Ok? qHOQ< q^ J~#^xx `yOK@O H+" q LO@Ok KC ?
F ~"! D H#|_ q |O_= Z#_ L`#" J~ LO_^.
WÔ` P x~ K`#=#< He`"#k. JO^K` nx "= ~O |".
P~}= |OQ~" J~=#k Hx =iOHq H^H^! J^ qÔQ D [Q` _
q^. Wk U<_ $+OK|_^. ''LOQ~= J#|_#k |OQ~=# "~Q
ZH_< L#^? HO^ KH|_# =*=O` H H< "~H^ H^!
`Q O_, ^+O^ He`=ÒQ ~k^Hx# D [Q`# =#
#O_ `yOK@ = Uq LO@Ok KC? |`` = x``"#k.
H#H ''JÒ` ["#k? h D q+O J<H ` qnHi<#.
Z_i = K`< ~H~}= u (refraction) =# ''~=~O
JQOk. Hx =~q (H Z_i) ~=~"H_? XH<H HO\ ^+O K`
PHO ~O_ KO^== Hx~. Hx W^~ KO^ "=OQ L<~? =O^
(Q_) =~ LO_@O Uq\? =K` PHO "= PH$u H~}OQ
PHO P =*= PH~= (HO_HO_ =^ ~=~O "IIq)iOz
202
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
#O` =ÒK` P ^~= JH_ L<? D [Q` _ ^. nxH J`=
H~#\H ... =K`< W@ QOK|_K#k.
F ~=KO^! =~ KCK<#. h= K#k, h H#|_K#k ... JO`
|" =! WC_ <# KCK#^x `y#O` #qH h HQ=K. HQH
=K. <# HHOQ KÔ` qx# `~"` D q+O h" Q=.
~[#~! `` A HxH k# H` _# L^=# KHQ
q#O_. JO`Hx, ''WÔ` =HO^? Jx `KK ^$O`= O` PÀ,
J#=A JQ"~ k#k u~iOKHO_. J\ *# "H=# u~i
P` (~=) H ~ ==# QOKO_, H~`"#
O^# J#iOK"~ `= q"# 'H= J# J=H=# =$^ KHO@<~.
J^ H~}OQ P`=K~= q+" |` =OzO_ =_ |^#, =O^
Q#, JA#, J`j~# D OK=x ^~= Qx, =~=~Qx
H_Q~? ^.

11. r=< q^=H H}=

N =+=i : |=#O^ z`=# xe, |Q`} XHi<H~ |=
QiOz O+OKH#"~ HO^~ *#^$+K O`+ P#O^=# O^K<~.
|qK~~ Q J\ *#x+ r=#H aOKK#k. J\ r=# q^ =
_ JQK<~.
N~=_ : |*! q~ = ''r=# q^= H}= Uq\
K O_. q~ K #k qx G^$+` , |k` "\HH "= Ò K QQÒ.
N =+=i :
r=#_ : Gqkx J#iOKK, D q=# #=Q Q LO_"_<
=#O ''r=#_ Jx <O. P "u`"# HH# x~i
*#`_, *Q^=O^ _ xk`x Q<, xiH~_ "Q"_ r=#_.
J`x =Y= Y= aOz#C_ qHOK^. ^Y= Oz#_
=oOK^ . Jx ==O^ XH suQ LO@Ok. ZC_ Uk K = LO@O^,
Jk P ==O^ J> W`~ J#OQ J=Oa LO\_. "Hx
L#C_ _ xiH~ P``` =# P~Oz#"_ +x= LO\_ H^!
JO^K` ''W`_ +_ " ! JxOK=K. Hx, ''Jq^ J# x^ #tOzO_@OK
F Lù H~}O G 203
PÒ^ J`_ ~^ *Q`_ JQK<_. D Ôk= q+O ''Wq

< O|OkOz#q JxQx, ''<# g\H O|OkOz#"_x JxQx J`_ J#H_.
JO^K` JO`~O QO Z\ L^QO O^ O_< LO\_. *Q` "#h #tOz
LO_@OK J`_ uH _ O|OkOz#"_ H_.
K@
HO_
Qe "QOQ g#^#H... P Qe "QxH HO_ K@ H^`"Qx,

HO_ H^ ^ H^! |@ O`+, ^Y, ~Q, ^+, ^ J`_ H\ O z#\H,
JO`~OQO =Ò PHO= K_ "K LO\_. `# "= ~"q\,
Uk `# HH L<_ `H< LO\_. ''<# ^xH H~# H^. K` # ~_#Q
<# @@^. KK@^. Uk x~iOK@ ^. WH < |O^"q\?
"H" q\? J##\ x~ OH~` =, JH~ $`=# Hey LO\_. H~ $à=#=
x"_, H~ K<, K< |kK ^xx $tOKx"_ J~ LO\_.
''z^`~=Q << P=~}= `y#C_ =#, P=~}=#C_
$+x HeOKH#K<# J##\ Q|k` LO\_. K Kx"_Q,
KK_x"_Q HQ=#O y_. Z=iH cu HeyOK_. `# H=#
Kz cuKO^_ . O`+=^Y= = ... J#"\#O_ iQ q_=_ LO\_.
r=#x H D O~=@ 'HOz` _ PH LO_^ . PH LO>H^ |O^= ?
PH H~#C_ WH Z=iH< r=#H`= =# =K @ UO LO@Ok?
J`_ ^ J~ L#\H x~H~_, =# L#\H J=#_ LO\_.
JO^ i Q< D [Q ` O K i _ ~ ^ xtO` _ LO\_ . D
[Q^ ~=O^ #K#\H, H=^ "QxH U=`= OQ_. u
XHiO^# P`H ~`=# ^ î LO\_.
q^=_ : J\ r=#_ HH=OQ ^= `lOz# `~"` q^
=_QK<_. "= O^= =ê# `~"` x`= O^Òk H^!
J\ q^ =_ =~ [xOK_ . =~}O K_ . =_ H_. J=_ H_. ^~=Qx,
204
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
^Q~Qx LO__. '<#W`~ J# ^^$+ J`xH LO_^. ~`H=Q |"
`#QK<_. JO^K`, ~~=# `=#, | J~ [Q`$+x, q+"
~H}#, t=_ O~=# K LO\_. PH~_ QeH O^=#
Q LO\_. "~~` ~_ .... ~, J~ ^`, , |+
_ x"#" LO@ LO\_. q J~ D $+#O` =OKK<_.
=$H~_ =^~=# k LO\_.
[~O` ^=`=, 'Jy ~O` ^H`= î LO\_. P =H
~+_ k ~=# OìOKHx "`~, pH\ # qi OK KLO\_.
'#~ J~ PH=#, ~`" =# PHqOKK LO\_. qH` K`#"
D H#|_ [OQ=^~= # $+O KK<_. =^" qx K@Hx LO@<_.
P=~} #\ z^` ~=# (J<=$ÒQ) D q q=# "eyOKK ....
O` ~=# J=`_ LO@<_. F ~"! `q+`=~=# H=
Ht`"#k, JQK#k, J==K#k J~#\ D ^$==O` _ P
q^=_ J~=<_ =!

N~=_ : =s! ''=^$+ O^@O ... J##k K H+"#k, ^"#k
_ H^! H#H q~ KCK#\ P 'q^=H U=O` "# q+O H^"?
D z`=# KK~? Wk H}H}O KOK" L#k H^! nx KOK=#
x~kOK^\? q! WO^ ~# L`="# LO LO> KO_.
N ==i : F ~"! z`=# x~kOKx J#HO> P z`=H "=
~" q\ "@" ^@ Q OKe. z`= q+ " =#O q~O Q KiOK`<O.
`=# =@\#HO> ... P `= H ~ "q\, H
q \, Q OKe H^! J~` P z`= q+ " h= kQ KO^=#x^ .
D =# qK~}# "O@#O\ = LO_Q ~= qk`=Òk. JC_ h =H
~= hH J=Q`=Òk.
'=H Jx ^xx JO@<", J^ |=, J^ x~}=. Jk O^\xH
ur=# L#k. Q$O K~@# Z=~ H^#Q~? WH Jk O^\xH
L=O\"? q#.
''<# J# |k` _Hx H#|_K# D ^$ *QÒ` Q_e =~x
= '= =`". WO^n `= ^.... J##\ *#= =# J\ =H aOk.

F Lù H~}O G 205
12. ^$= `Q^\?

N~=_ : "^*! WH_ <^H OÔ.
''q^= u=#=Q#, ~k =`~ ^~=Q# JQK<~x
q~ K~ H^! J#Q P q^ =H ~ D $+Q =~K<~x J#H=K?
N =+=i : h Q< L#k. J~` <# x# =~H J_Q`#.
J ''u=#= (~HO, =~ HO, `HO) ... J< ~` U^< LO_
L#Ô\"? LO_ LO_@O "= "` ''"~ J@ =i<~ Jx J#=K. ''uH=
J#|_ ^~" ^x *# Ziy L<~. ''P |" z`H =# D O~=Q
=~K#k J# =K#O _ ==`" J#k. '[Q` J# |=, J~=
_ H== H##x ÔfHiOK|_K#k.
D < "H= H;|k` QOKe =! ""xH ... ''Ju x~=
O`= z^= ... J~#\ |= XH> L#k. '[Q` J#|_ "~H\
<^. h= ^=# H;|k` QOz#C_ D `= ^_Q^. D
q+ O |*# J#= O Jk. "= _ D ''[Q^$ =# ZO` `~z `~z
ijeOKO. ZO` qKiOz Kz< ''|OQ~ P~}O J#|_ ^x |OQ~=
HO_ 'P~}= Jx K|_^xQ U^< ^~=Qx, ==Qx a#^?
[H~@O [= HO_ 'H~@= J#|_ U^< ZH_#k? Qe gzH Qe
HO> "~ KC? #`= PH= HO> "~? ~x HO> ~H~}= H
~H= "~ H^ H^! J^ qÔQ ''[Q` _ |= HO> "~H^
J##^ ` ^+Q = JOu= x~O. H#H WÔ` |" J#k.

N~=_ : q! ^xH JÒ` J== (qOKO_@O) =# D ^$[Q`

JO`~#"Òk? ^xx q#@OK = ~Hx# D J*#= `QÒk? J\
q+=#, ~=# = kOKO_.
JO`H^, ''~~ H ~=#< (relative to each other) .... D ^$=^+
=iOKK<~ J##k xi"Ô" H^! ^+^$= XH\ LO_@OK
~O_=^xH LxH aOk ''D ^+^$= J##q ~O_ JOìOz#_ qQe
LO_k x~}" Jx q~ K~. D [Q` H J==, JC_ LO_ LO_
=u Q |= QiOz =iHO` q=iOz KO_. ^xx Ok# `~"`
P =iOH ^#=K x LO_^? J\ ^x QiOz =zOKO_.
206
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
N =+=i : F ~=! D r=xO^ ... ''[Q` H ^$= ... J#|_ *#=
J<H [#Q `~ L#k. ZO^K`#O\"? J`_ D ^$[Q`x
=*=@, ''Wq ## OÒ*Q=. Wq Ok#C_ `$_#, ^
JO`$_< .... J#|_ XH q^"# =~`=` _# #=H= Hey LO@<_.
WOk#== @ `#O^ U~~KH# `=K, J\ J#== H~
"k [#Q ~Q f< L<_. ~, J~#^" J~#k. WC_< KHQ
qKiOK@O ~Oa ''q^*#= J#|_ q+z"k `H #=Òk.
Hx XH q+O. x@x=Q, Z`Q L# HO_ ZH_OkQ@O JO` èH#
q+O H^H^! D *#O _ `#O`@`< [OQ OQ aOKk H^.
<x\ JO@<#x < ` x~`_O_^~ QH! 'K H+= Jx K
x~`~K@O < L^" H^.
D OKO =#=_ J<H Hi#"# q+ _ k<_. Z\?....
J=# P~OK H^! J^qÔQ D [QÔu _ .... J=
=#, H L= =#, `~+ L^=# q#@OK`, G=K
K|_# q*#"# `= K` ... `H LqOk. h K= D
H^#= =# ^ (Awareness) ~=Q =H `H aOk.

13. x`=Q ~|=

N =+=i : N~=KO^! D 'LùH~}O =#O ... ''[QÔu
[#~`"# PH== `=QK#k Jx ukOK=K<=.
D ^$[Q` ^=^#==#=H=$QeH (p=) "^# [OQ=
^~= `#, HO_< "^# =~ ^~= `# xO_ #@ h= K< =
H^! J\ D ^$[Q` JO` = ==# J^$" Òk. q#+
=QK#k. ~^k ^=`Q}O _ J^$" Òk. ZO^K`? WÔ` J`.
H#H<, ''U^` H#|_Ò^, Jk #tOK=K#k ... J##k Hqk`" # J#= "
H^! XHC_ LO_, =~HC_ O_ k `" J~ =O@O^?
^ = # 'H =@O J<k U H}
=O^# LO_^ . J^ = # = K H#|_#O`
=ÒK` 'LxH L#^? ^. J~` D ~O_O\h qQO KQ ("~KQ)
^$+ H"e.

`^$" ..... `` #"
F Lù H~}O G 207
D ^$=O` h ^$+ J^$"#C_, WH qy^q\? JC_ `[=

LO_^ . JO^H ~= _ LO_^ . XH<H ` (Absolute Existence Awareness) =`"
qye LO@Ok. ''Jk J\k JxQx, ''^x ~ Wk JxQx K\xH g_^.
=# L#O` =`"... ''W\k D ~ J<q LO\~. Hx P '`
=# P= L#k H^! Jk #=? H^. h x~H~=O^=? JnH^.
^$= H^. ^~#= H^. OK `= U XH\ H^. H =i W`~
^~= H^. ^xx 'Wk Jx x~~Oz K=x =~Hi H\ <#.
~ ~= HO> ~" # ^k. ^xx '` Jx =#O =# O"^= H~ J##\H
Jk '` (L#k) _ H^. J` _ H^ (That is beyond existence & non-
existence). = ^~O H^. J= ^~O _ H^.
=@ JO^#\ ^xx QiOz Uq K=O\=? J~#\H, h=

H;Qq H#H, h ^ H~ ^x QiOz Hx Q~ K`# : Jk H=
z<`=. J#O`=. PkQx, =^Qx xk. [#xk. x~="#k. =OQ
~"#k. K=`~O KK"! `J`~Q P ~=== ~~=
`< J~=O_ _ ... Uk HH L#k. XH Ju g}= Q te H`
U#Q# `~K#C_, Jk KKK#\ HxH JH_ H HO_ U#Q
HxOk H^! P ~= ==#O^ D [Q` H#|_Òk.
z^H~=, h<~ "= ~= J~#\ P ~= ==#
... H, H, =, Kq, <H, K~= ... "^#q =. J~## Jk JxK@,
Z" KOk. qO\Ok. "#KOk. ~zKOk. iOk. J^x H=
=< `J` == gHO|_K<~. J<k, <#j= J~#\ D $+
^xO^ zuO|_#^x QOK. QO =H# H` D ^$=# uaO|
=ÒQ KKk _ Jk =!
~"Q P |=# H~}=O@ Un ^. h\ `~OQ= ~.
KK"? J> |=#O^ D $+h x~O`~O L^~<~. H#|_`<~.
~<~. Zx `~OQ z<, =<h~ =~ KO^^ H^! |=
q+= _ JO`. J~`, Jk ZH_ L#^x, Z#_ aO^x qOKO_^=
QH! ZO^HO> Jk z`=#O^ z<` n" =tOKK, `[=K =H=#
HtO*K#k. P ~= == H H= LO_@O K`<, '~_
"^# `*= ^~= pH\ = O HO_ LO_Q Q`<~. ZO_==

`"K x=~O` J =#.
208
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
h~ H#|_K#@ J^x Ò^ =_ H= HtOK@O [~QÒk. ^x
O^ 'WK J##k [xOz#C_ P WK# J#iOK D '[Q` J< xC~=
"=_@O, J\ WK `lOK|_#_, Jq Hiy=_O [~QÒk. P =^==
H x~JH == H O^= =#< $+ u O~=
=i`<~.
P ~=== H `, "=O =<, ~Q`= (All-Pervading),
OÔ^== J~=#k. ^$+K XH<HC_ Jk ''`# ^ ~`=
#O_ "~_#^? J# qÔQ `KK#\H ... ""xH Z\ a#`= Jk
O^@O ^. P |= ~^ xk`=. ~^ *Q$`=. =i ~^,
~` *Q$`= H^. xk`= H^. J^x O^=#O^ O`=, t== J~#\
'=H= Wq_ L<~. Jk UH`H=, ~=. #tOK ^~ L#\H
<#= H L#k. O_ LO_@K Qx, Q@K` Qx PH=# =K
>=#k? =~ K~q LO\~? P ~= ` D [Q` H ==
O^QH, ^, `lOKQH. ^xHq O|O^= ^. Jk =~H\ Q H^.
Jk "yOk= x^Q@K '=Q. J~` UO? "H=$uH J^ H~}O.
H#H =Qk H^. ~u= ~^ xiH~OQ LO\Ok. Hx, =##H JO`
^x^. xì`+"#\H, ~=# 'H J^. Jk H U=`=
O|OkOz#k H^. Hx ~ =# 'H~ J^. Jk PH~~ `" # \H, JOMH=Q
^k J===` q=O` "Oz#k. WOkx\H Jk
Jf`"#\H, ~ s~= WOk "~=h x~iOKk J^. `#
'=# J##k H~#\H =<K~h `< x~iOk.
F ~=KO^! D r=_ ~=Q P ~===# QOKH=@O K`<
.... =, O~ "k O^K<_. ^xx îOK_ ... WH P H,
~ "# ZK\ H i`~.
nO LO>< H^ ... ~OQ= <@= "^# q<h [iQq.
~"Q |= Jiz# H~=# ''H J~ "KO_@O K`<
D z`=$`h `= `= H~=# x~i<~. F ~"! =^=Oê XH
[= H~@=Q, P=~=Q, |_QQ, _Q H\ `=Q@^? XH
|OQ~O QAQ, QQ, LOQ~=Q, =~< <=~=Q P~}=Q
==iOK|_Òk H^! J> |" Jq[H" _ J<H ~=` "~~Q
H#|_@O J*# ^$+H [~QÒk.
F Lù H~}O G 209
J~`, h *#O aOK#O` HO ... ''g~"~<#h= .... J# ^=`

_Hx# ^ `Q^. *#= ~"#C_ ''P z# ~_ HtOKK#
U ==`# < Ô ^ Jx h= QOKQ=. h\O^ J KK#@
P |==#O_ D '^$[Q` JO` qOk. J\Q H= _
L`#=Òk. `[= HtOk. D =#H $+ JO` [~QÒk. h= Q#
D ~ ~ QO^ | ~^h ^x=#< Q<=x QOK. J=h
_ Jk. D *#=O` P |==< HQÒk. F ^! h= UHQz`
_=Q^= QH! ^+ ^~# ^$= =^ L#\ H ~=Q P`#
Q OK^= QH! ^~ #^+ ^$=# `lOz, ~=Q P`# ijeOz#C_
h P` aOKQ ^. UHQz`= x"x z`= ii q^= ^+ ^~ #^$=
"O@ ~Q f@K P`# QOKH=K#k.
J\ ~=Q |=# Lù ^. H= ^. PÔ`= =.
Jk `", x`", =OQ~", q`", ^~`~`", =O^h",
JxO^"#k. ^xH PQO`H (s~= O^@O `lOK@O =O\) ^~=
=. ~HH =. ~H~}= H~}= J^. Jk J*= (è|_*xk).
ZO^HO\"? `H##k J^ J~#C_ `H=@=<k ZH_ LO@Ok?
XH_ `# "~# ==<` `HQ_. P`, `# "= ~" H^! Jk
#== K`< è|_Q^ Qx, =~H~ kOK#k H^. Jk
UH=`*" "K#k. hH<H= }H ~= H
`~= J^. =#O JkHO_ =iOHn J~=O_^. ^xx ^~=Q,
q+` Z#_ ZC_ ZH_ aOK#kQ KK"~ = ^$+ =~ =`".
Jk h< "~#k H^ H#H< 'Jkf= Jx KCHO@<O.

14. D [Q` |"

N~=_ : =+ ! q~ Jx~Kh |= QiOz K# q+
HHOQ L<~. = =O qye LO_ P ^= q~ K#@
<=~~`=#@O < Z\ O^= ^. ''Jk #= H^. H=
H^. JO^H~O H^. `"~O H^. z`~= (Form of Consciousness) H^.
r=_ H^. |k``= _ H^. =# _ H^ ... Jx K~. Q<
L#k. WO`< ''Jx J^ Jx JO@<~. q "H=# J~=#O
<# QOKH`<#. =i HO` +OQ q=iOKO_.
210
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
N =+=i : h # "KHO@<#. HO` H+"#^. ~ ~_
L^~ pH\ Òk H^! h OÔ Q@`#. q#.
'~ q+ ~ Ò J~ LO_#\ = =O +O z LO_k. ''#=
H^ :
XH HH~_ XH tO^ O^~ H t=# =K_#H ....
tO KHH =O^ 't J##k L#k H^!
P H ~K# tH< "~# '` L#^? ^. H PH~=O`
t H^!
WC_ H#|_K# PH~=O` JO` =O^ ZH_#k? t< H^!
D PH~=# t Uq O|OÔ? t 'Q JQK#^? ^!
t x^ PH~"H_ L#k?
D [Q` _ $+H ~O |=#O^ L#k. JO^K`, ''|= #=
J#\xH g ^ . D q |O_= r=x Qxq`" ~zOK|_#@ `KK#k.
D [Q` "=" J~=O_h .... H #" Hx ... ^ ZH_ U =##O^
LO_h ... Uk U"<, Wk HtOK#\ Jk#= (Wk ZO^H^ Jk)
#= H^. ZO^HO\"? #O ''P~}, q+=[Q` O|OkOz#
J#==... "^# H~= Z Oq~?
''tK `~K|_# ' tO WO`=O^ t< L#k. D [Q`
_ LùH ~O |=#O^ LO_ L#k.
(t t==) [Q` |= J^"#k.
tO H H#, H, = "~"~#@ 't^$+ H"iH HxOk.
Hx t ^$+` KK"iH PQ=h tQ< è=~ H^! YO_^$+
Q"iH D [Q` ''h=<#"~g~ hk<k`k`~ ^~=Q
H x O k. q* # ~ = Q ^ $ + H "iH ~ = | =Q<
î`=`#k.

h WOHH ^$O`= K`#. XH `\HO xOQ h~ L#^#H ...

WC_ P [O xOQ HÔ_ L#O^K` `~OQ= HxOK=. J~`
'`~OQ= J##q = #O_ =# U"< ^~= H^ H^! P x"#
h~ O^= (K#=) Ok#C_ `~OQQ =# H#|_@O [~QÒk.
''`~OQ= J##q HêHx [O JO`s#OQ LO_ L<~ Jx =#O
F Lù H~}O G 211
J~O KHH `^. D [Q` q+O _ J\^. Wk |=#O^ #J#

~=# LO_#@, Jx~K hOQ, xz#k.
t, `k`~ iH~= L#\H, te H WKH` t= Z\
` ~=Òk? HO` HO` _ |H WK H ` D [Q` $+O K|_^ .
J~` ~=! ''[Q` |=#O^ ... tO^ t== .... zuOK|_ L#k
Jx K# H^! WH_ <# LyOz# L=#O QOK@C_ 't t=
"~"~ H#@ [Q` |= "~"~ H^ Jx =`" k<#x QOK.
P JO=# JO`=`" QOKe. ''D [Q` J# t=# ^+ te.
|" t .... Jx QOK. ""xH D '[Q` J#|_#k |=#O^ U<_
L^~Oz LO_<^. Uk L^~OK< ^ ... Jk WH JqOK@=< H ZH_?
WÔ` |= HO> "~#k H^. H#H, `~=#< xz#k. WH D
[Q` q+O ''Wk #= H^ Jx K|_Òk.
~|= `= (pH\ ) H^, `[= H^. Jk ~^ =#Oî ~"
q~l`< L#k.
<<! ~=! D ~_, Jy, #H`= "^# `*= ^~= P
|=# HtO**=. J==Q ~=` W\ `*= ^~=`
U=Ò O|OÔ ^. ''pH\ Jx =#O ^xx JO@<O? "`~ H=@ (H
"`~ H J==)< H^! W\ uH"# `[= H~#\H |=
OH=Q@K, Jk LO_< LO@Ok. JO^K`< ''Jk `= H^. `[=
H^ Jx =#O KCH<O.
H~=Q P |= OH", |k Q O^ LO_ P |kx
HtOKOk. ^xx =~=~, ^x K`# HtO*~. H|\ ''Jk `=
Jx _ K=`~OQ JO@ LO\~. Jk ~H= "~#^x QOK. Jk
J[~= ([~=~}=xk). J==, PH== Pk=^JO`= xk.
D [Q` uH P= x`" ~K=`~OQ *[=#OQ ~^ HtOk.
JO^K` Jk ''~=` (^+ - ^$` - ^$= ~", P=Q L#k....) J#
~=.... ''~" P`... Q =zOK|_Òk.
'=~_O_ Jx =#O #^xH, JOê 'QA Q ^"q\ KC?
|=#, [Q` HOK= _ Ô ^. h\O^ J, =\O^
O_ L#@ ... |=#O^ D [Q` L#k. J\ | ^~= #"\
J=Òk? |= x~H~" J~#@ [Q` _ x~H~". PH~=Q P
212
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
z#|= ... D OKuHuH"# PH= HO> JÒ` H;"#k.
K"#k. ^x JO`~`" L#\ D '[Q` Jx K|_#k _ K"#^.
~H~}= L+`= HO_ =~H J#=O ^ H^! z#|= ''Z~H
J# J#== =Ò Hey LO\Ok.

~" - P` [Q^~ #=# =#=O^ ~O`~` " U~_ # ~O.

''z` Jz` Jx ~ O_Q G=K K |_K#Ô` ~= Ò^ L<~.
P ''~=` ^$=Q ^~#=Q qOKK<_. ""xH ~=`
~=Q Q r=# '^$`= J##k ^. ^$`=#> [Q` _ ^.
<=~=` _# |i+=, g\H J~=# He# =#|k
JOH~^, P q+ = ~= Ò^ He`=ÒQ LO@ ... ~= `
"~#q HO_< (Jkf") L<~.
D q= U qÔQ<< LO_h, z=iH WO^ Z^~`# u q+=
'+Q =~H `^. J#Q q+=h XH u xi+" `<~.
JO^K` ''+ qH O^# y D [Q`# O^K#C_ ... J#Q
WO^ #==KK#C_, (H) nxx `lOz XH = KuH_ ~#=
=z#C_ ... L = _ O`z`_ LO@<_. ~H=
JH= _ J~#\ (~=# "eyOK#k ^xx "eyOKxk _ J~#\)
|==#O^ ~_ xtO`Q LO@<_. O`` Ok# [O <<
q^= # H ~@= J}y LO\~ H^! J> L`= y ^$+ xiH~ |=#O^,
xiH~=, x~H~= J~#\ D [Q` _ ... Jx" J}y~ LO\Ok.
~ |= #O_ "=_K# D Lk^= ==~=O` ""xH
x~H~" # ^. =i ~ |= #O_ "=_K# J<H J#= =`, ^~= `
_Hx# D [Q` H Ùq\? D q+O |+=Q "= W@ J~O
KHO@<O.
''D *Q` J< q <@H~OQO P } "i"i WK
J#=# s~=, J#== O^@ `y# #"#k. D r=#
PkHiH s~=# (a body which he deserves and desires) OKOk. WÔ`
'~*#= J#|_ [# kH~ _ ... J\ H =` s~=
O^"iH ... J#"# #"#k. H#H D [QÒ` L`= ^$+ H"iH L`=
[#= H~H OHeOK|_#k.
F Lù H~}O G 213
~` ~O ~u OÒ ~"=``
J` q=#`#O K`#O `^=`` II (X.28)
~= #O_ "=_#k ~" J~=O\Ok. D [Q` ~=#O^
U~_# 'H# =`". JO^K` D q= L`#", u Ok#@
`KK#\H ... ""xH ''J#`#"#^ (that which is never created) Jx "=
QOKK<=. ZO^HO\"? *# ^$= ^~#= ^" HxOK^.
Z=~ Z@ K D q= "iH J> H#|_` LO@Ok.
KK P# ''^+
Z@ K ''^~#=
J@ H#|_@ ''^$=
JO^K` *# '[Q` Jx K#C_, '|= Jx K#C_ XH J~"
H#|_K#k. ''~H~}= "_Q LO\~ J< q+= ... J@ "_O^
== Q Lk Hey#C_, 'P Lk H J#==` r=_ UH`=
J#q#C_ =`" .... U~_Q^. 'J#qOK"_ O> 'J#==#
LxHQx, J~=Qx = H^! J#==Ô` J#qOK"x ~q<"!
J~`, "H*#= =`" HeyO_, J~*#= WOH# O^x"iH D q+=
`y#O`Q Q=Q@ ^. J" JO^ k"+Ô.

15. H K`#=
N =+= i : F ~=KO^! '' h `" , ` == HxOKK# D ^$^~=
J\ ^$^~=# îOKK, O^K# D z`= ... D ~O_ _
q^. WH uaO|=`"#\ 'r=_ J#|_#k =Ò `^$+H UO x|_Q^
KC? #H ''h=<#J`_ "^# r=== _ =<=`". D ~=
|= HO> "~Q (J<H=Q) U<_ LO_@^.
J\ |= J}= HO> _ J}=. P |= H '^`=
H;`= q+xH = .... Jk PH= HO> _ J<H~@ =#`"#k.
PHH= (=^^=) HO> _ JÒ` O`"#k. ^xH ~=O@ Un
^. Jk 'kH= "^#"\K |OkO|_#k H^. JO^K` Jk q $`=,

~=^ ~q^" ~`~=^K`
~ ~=^ ~""=t+` II ..... |Q^=
214
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
J<k, H= J~=#k. J\ z^ |= xK@ "#, |k, z`=,
WOk=, r== _ LO_=. D qÔQ P |= ~" x~H~"
O`"#\ ~=^=Q L`= *# QKiOk. Jk ~OQ,
~~OQ, ~O`~qQ, ~fÒQ ~^ J#==Òk.
N~=_ : F =s! 'z` J# PH$u =`" Hey#\ P ~=~ '`` =
H ~"\^ ... =~Hi ''H;^$+x J=OaOz KO_. ^x =# =
*#O =$k KO^Q^x, q~ KÔ` =iO` +OQ QOKQ=x
J#HO@<#.
N =+=i : ~=~#= Jf`", = ==# _ WOH +Oz
LO_ .. H~}H~}=Q ~|=# =iOz K`#. q#.
Jk ZH_ L#k H^. Z\H aOKk H^. W\H ~[#H "=
~=Q Z" aOz L#k.
F =#=_! XHi h z`=$`# x~kOK. =## P`"#i (Ô
K) K_. JC_ qye LO_^k? P J=~h H K`#" 'z` J#|_ ~=`.
J\ `` #= =O D ^$[Q` #tOk. ^ K`# =#K ^$=
x^Q@K, ^~#= _ x^QK#k. ^~#= #C_ WH ^+ ZH_ LO\_?
J\ u\ ~OKQ OK#^ |= H ~#=O. D u\ JO`
#k P |= =#<, J^x O^. H#H Jk OKx H}" ^. ^x
J#=O =Ò ... D u\ (^+ ^~#= ^$=) @ HOz` `#`=
H~}OQ =~Q#_@O [~QÒk. r= K`#= H K`== (P =
q+=# PH` qOz HiOK ==) OzQ JC_ qye
O_ ''O` z<`" P ~=` ~=.
XH<H_ s~^` _#"_ D HH [Q`#O^ OKi#\H ....
J`x z`= |~kqH~=K $tOK|_H xiOQ, =#OQ, OÒQ
L#^#H ... JC_ z`= LO_ ` ~=` H ~=.
=# ~ `=, *_#=, Jiz#= J~=O_Q ... JC_ HQQ
XH<H ''+u =O\ J#=~" ''~=` H ~=.
F ~"! PH= H, "=H, tH $^=# Q=xOK"?
Jq #`=, ~`=, #`= Hey=O\~ H^! ''W" z#|= H
q+=... Jx QOK. 'J^+ H "f` ~" ^`` =Q P`H
F Lù H~}O G 215
~=. D r=xO^ K`== (è|_@O) z`== (`H#@O) ....

OuOK#H... JC_ qyeO_ Ou ~` P Pk== H ~=.
z`H= H, PHH= H, WOk =$`H JO` ~O`~
~^ qHOzO_^ |= H ~=. '= ^$ ^~=, =i
'JO^H ~= _ U 'J<kJ#O`zKH =# è|_K<~? XHi tOz,
ìOz K_. Jk ~=`. D [QÒ` Z^xO^ L`#", J^xH
Ja#"# \H .... "~ # @Q H#|_Òk? Uk ==~~ " _, tQ x+` "
#k? Uk PH= HH~#\H, PH~"#k? Jx" JYO_`"
#k? ~^ iOKK J#^QO (unemotional)Q LO_ L#\ Z^x #O_
D *x *#= *= L^~Oz Jq<~? ^~}Ox uaO|
== = Z^xO^ D *`*= uaOa<~? <<! ~=!
Jk ~=` H ~=.
=# *Q`= #O_ q_=_#_ '=K`#= J#|_ + ^ =O\
^ K`#= #O^ "tOk. K~K~ $+ "~#\ J\ u O^
~=`#=" qQK#k.
F H;Q! qO@<"! ~=` ZH_ L<_ J~=Ò^? XH L=#O
K`#, q#. JK==Q =~^~=# K<= H^! "\H =#
|k WOk= =. J~` "\O^ ^ K`#=# =`" L#^#H ...
J\ ux ~=`` =K. , q+, ~, WO^^ _ #tOKQ,
JC_ ~=t==Q ^= XH> qye=O@O^ J^xH Z\ Lk LO_^.
H|\ 'x~kH=, 'xiH= J# ~` K|_Òk. ''qO[ i`lOK
|_#C_, WH P K`#=O^ |" +OKK#k. hH, <H, u XH
r=xH ... x`" "QK# `~= P ~=` Qx, "~q H^.
''"~ Jx `K@ O~= ''"~ H^ Jx `K@, JO~ ~ "H= .

16. [Q` J#Q Uq\?

N~=_ : F |*! D =~ [OQ=`H=Q [Q` JO` JÒ` +OQ
h`" H#|_K#k H^! W@ # D [Q` HO ZH_H
Òk? U=Òk?
N =+=i : XH<H Q_e H ~O_= =~_ ZH_ #O_ =KK<_?
216
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
ZH_ LO@<_? ZH_H =K<_? PHO XH xH "H$u H~}OQ
HxOK =#=, [O`= PH~= ZH_ #O_ =K~? ZH_ L<~? ZH_H
Hê`<~? =O^Q D < =^#"q\ KC?
N~=KO^_ : Q_eH =~_, PHO =#= ... J<q U H= #O^
[xOzO_^. Jq J ZH_ LO_=. H#H "\H J`"H_? J="H_?
~O_ LO_=. P ==# J~"^.
N =+=i : P ~O_ J= ^~= H^! J^ qÔQ D [Q` _ J=
^~". nxH J`" ^. WH ''Z@ L`#"#k? J< ZH_O@Ok?
"^ J==K _Hx# D [Q` LùQx, J`=Qx, q<#=Qx
=. ''O HxOz# =#O Z=~ H\ OK~? ZC_ ZO^ H\ OK~? ....
J# J~"=#k?
N~=_ : J~` <^H z# u^#. ''=O^`_, ''PH=$H= (H
PH=#=) J##q H# =`"#x J#HOÔ. 'H# J##k XHC_
~O", =~HC_ #tOk. H#H H# LùH L<~ H^! D
[Q` _ LùH L<x J#HO> `=#k?
N =+=i : B#, 'H# J##k L#C_ ''PH =$H= =O^`_
J##q LO@<~. H# H~ Jq_ x" J=K<~. D [Q` q+O
_ J\^ _! H# L#C_ [Q` L#k. #C_ ^ . D qÔ Q =O^`#
[Q` eH L#k.
''=i D [Q` U^ L#k? ZH_ L#k? J# =Ô. ''|OQ~
QA J# ^x |OQ~=# "~Q ''QA J#|_#k ZH_< q_Q
L#^? PH=#O^ #`= HO_ "~ PH`= ZH_#k? J> D [Q`
|=#O^ L#\H, nxH |= HO> "~# ~O ^. H@H#,
=OKK^#= ^= U=Ò ^. ZO_=q Oê h\H, ("H#
^+OK K_|_K#) kf KO^x KO^`=# Q J`"q\? D ~O_
H L<~. H#H, 'JÒ` J=" kOk H^! XH<H_ h ^Q~ =z
''ZO_== < h~ H#|_Òk H^! Ô> <HO [#O? JO> h= UO
JO\=?
''<<! h H#|_=K. Hx "= ^xx xtO`Q ijeOz KKO. h=
_ ^$+x Ô K ijeOK. hH P q+O Òk. JH_ U=Ò [O
^. `~OQ = Jx J#=O^ H^!
F Lù H~}O G 217
D [Q` q+O _ JO`. Wk O~^$+H "=^=`~^

H~}OQ, Jq=~ <`HOK`, WOk^$+= ÒK`, Oz`^$+K ` h `"
`KKO_=K. Hx ^~=Q |= QOK|_#C_ .... D [Q`
H J=" kOKK#^x "= H\ <=.
J<H H}= #O_ '[Q` J#|_^xx ijeOz#C_, ''Wk W@ Jx
aOKH L#k. "~ "~ ^$+ "~ "~ J#= =QK#k.... "" xH U"L #@?
J L#\? #\? <<! ~=KO^! D [Q` J#|_#k W`~O ^.
WC_ _ ^. Wk=~ Qx, WC_Qx, #\ ^xx ... ''Wk XH<HC_
q<#=Q# J# "H= =O[" J=Òk? J~` XH<H ^+ ^$+,
D '[Q` J# == ~Oz=@ OqOKK#k '[Q` J# ~=Q
J#== '== H Lùq<#= '$+= J# |=K
G= k<~.
N~=_ : =s! D [Q` H~}"^x Z@ x~<~ KO_?
N =+=i : ''D [Q` |" H~}O Jx JO\=#H ... $kq "^#
[_== [_"#^^ H~}O H"eHx, ^K`# ~=Q '|= Z\
H~}=Òk? ''ZO_ J#Q H= ... 'h_ J#Q H ~`=. ~HOuH
U^< J_ =z#C_ U~_ ^x< 'h_ Jx JO@<=. Hx ''h_ J#^xH
H~}O ZO_ Jx J#= H^! |= [_= H^H^! ZO_ J##k h_
Z\ H~}=Òk? ...J\Q , JYO_= K` # =O`= HuH;= x+=
Jx~Kh= J~=#\ |= D [Q`# xiOK@ H~}"\ J=Òk?
|= HO_ "~ Un D [Q` H~}OQ aOK@^. JO^K` ''D [Q`
H~}O ^ Jx Q OK|_Òk. H~}= x K@ H~= Z\ kO KQ QÒk?

WH "= D [Q`# Z@ Q<" K`# q#.

PkH~}=Q P |=" q== QKiOKK#k. WH D J
H~}"q@O\"? J*#=. |== x+"#^Q@K ''|= q=#
$+OKK#k J# =@ iH^. Ju H;"#\ ~= H ~
==# r=_ U=~z LO@# =O D '[Q` J#|_ J#=O Oz
"=== QKiOKK#k.

J uaO|`=, xk "=== `K@ (Illusionary)
218
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
H|\ ~"! D [Q^$=O` =#O^ HxOK =*= =O\^#x
QOK^= QH! O XH ^ "_ HxOKK#\H Jk ="? ^x`
`~K|_Ok? H"# H# ==O^ J@ Ok H^!
J^qÔQ |=#O^ '[Q` J#|_ == H ~#\H .... J*#=
=# h`"# J#=== =<K=`~O` _Hx QKiOKK#k ...
J##k *# xO^=Q, +=Q è=KK#k.
D '[Q` J#|_#Ô` ~=Ò^ ZC_ xz#k. JO`Hx, Wk
XHC_ L^~Oz, =~HC_ JqOK@O ^. h~ ^===#, "=
O^~=#, H= HOu PH~=# ê LO@<~ H^! XH^x`
=~H\ x^C_? |= _ [Q^H~=# =Oz LO\Ok. O
QOK|_ #Q~O ZH_ #O_ =zOk KC? ''P ^+ H K`#" JO`~=#
J\ #Q~=# HeOKx, `< P 'H# J~, P `##`< J@ îOKK#k
Jx =#O XCHH `^. J^ qÔQ D [Q` H q+O _!
P` |"O_, |=#O^ [Q^H~=Q H<=ÒQ
JOKK#k.

17. ^$= èQ^\?

N~=_ : |*! q+O` =#OQ ==# J<H `# @K# D
^$[Q` #u= ''q^ J~L#Ô\~, q! q~ JÒ`
K=`~"# q+" uk<~. Wk =#" J~=O> ... =#A#
(r=#) J<kHO #O_ D ^$= q+O qO Z\ U~_Òk?
=~H q+O. ^$= LO> ^+ LO\_. ^+ L#O`=~ ^$= _
LO@Ok. D ~O_O\ XH\ LO> ~O_=^x` O|OÔ U~_Òk. D ~O_\
U XH\ H~< ... ~O_=^xH '=H HQÒk H^! <# J#H=@O U=O>
... ^$|k O~OQ #tOK#O`=~ ^$= Hx< LO@Ok. D ^$=
= ^$+ L#O`=~ = *#O aOK#> Jx.
"@"^@ ^$*#= Hey LO_ ... =^ Z^~Q L#k #tOK@O
[iy< ... =~ O~ ~=# L^q< L#k. H|\ =# Z^~Q L# D
^$= WH_#O_ `yOz#O`=ÒK` (^$|k LO_ L#k H#H) J#~=Q
F Lù H~}O G 219
|O^= `QÒ^x KO. Q_ x^ =O ^$= LO_^. H#H r=_

^$~`_ J~#>, Hx x^~=Q< =~ ^$=O =z_Òk H^!
H#H, D ^$=x =*= #tOK@OK`Qx, g\x =ê =#O Z@H
"@OK` Qx ... D ^$|k L#O`=~ |O^= `Q^. Jk =# =
=^#O _ H^.
WOHH q+"=O> ... JÔ ZH_ LO> JH_ Jk uaOx Q<
LO@Ok H^! 'z^= J< JÔ ZH_ U u LO> JH_ $u #O_ [xOK
O~ O~O uaOa`=`< LO@Ok.
''J D ^$= L`#" J~=O_^. WÔ` ""xH ^ J# "HO
`"<, J`"< ''^$ ^$+ H ''^$|k Q =@ x~~H" JQK#k.
''^$~`= J# x++"# =#u OK#O` HO =H JO="
J=Òk. H#H F P` q^~! = H ''=Hx JiH@K# D '^$=O H
'^$|k `y=@O Z\? J\ O = L^tOKO_.
N =+=i : F ~=KO^! ~`H=Q D [Q` J`"O_ _ `==
uOk. nx q^= Z\^ .... h Hx n~"# H^ ^~ è*#. D
K= H^h W`~" =iOK|_~. =~[ _` ô QeH =^H^!
D H^ KHQ q#. JC_ ^$|k `#O`@ `< `QÒk. h =<#Q~O
O`` =iQ^.
=#=_#"_ ''D [Q` u JO` O~=Q =`H" Jx QOKe.
Jk q"H^ K`< ^_Q^. ~" |==# XH^x< zOuOKK
==iOKe. =}=# (HO_~~x) }= Uq K^ H^!
|==# J=~KHO>, WHC_ D "==, Hk=,
~~ OH ==~=, x# Uq K=.
F ~"! P`== XH\ =`" L#k. ^xO^ WH Z\ qH=
=. J\ P`== #O^ D [Q` Z@ L`#"# ^ Q ... JO` hH J=Q`= Òk.
D Lù H~}O ''[Q` Z@ L`#"#k? J< q+O qKiOK=K<=.
F `#~! J=$`#O^ ~~! ~[#~! =O^Q XH
q+O x~OÔQ, xOÔQ H=# H\ <#. q#O_. P` ==
#O_ =~[OQ=`H=Q D [Q` JO` q[$OaOk. P =^` D 'K =
"^# WOk=K # <= ~=` _# ''^~ #= JQK#k.
J^qÔQ J^ =O JOìOk Q=Q =##= "^# ^~=
220
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
~=Q# HtOKK#k. =~ Jk XH<HC _ `#O^ `< b#=QK#k.
JC_ =$u~`=Q P`H`=# H\ Ok.
J\ P`Q"#xH W" = }==.

18. [Q` "ù

N =+ =i : ~=q`=, ~=O`= J~#\ |^= #O_ D
^$[Q` Z@ L`#"#^ K`#. q#.
x^ `#"_ H HO@<_ H^! J^qÔQ ~" J~=#\
|= _ $+` _H#^ uOk.
D q= Uk J~=#k?
J#O` H ~=, J#O` z#= J~#\ ~=`H qH
` D q"#k. Wk =iOHH\ Un H^. ~} ~=Q P
~=` PH= HO> _ H;=, x~= J~=<_. J`xO^
è|_^x= HtOKK#\ *#", ''JO <# J##\ =#` _Hx
LO\Ok.
J\ ~=` #O_ D D *# O~=h KK<~. P *# O~=
`k`~ O~=` _Hx 'z`=# L^kOKK<~.
z` ''z`=$`` _Hx# K`<`H |`
P ~=== J<kHO #O_ J#i =# ''H}O"^= =#
^$*##= JQK#k. J#Q P P`~_ XHH}O ^+`= (State of
Perceiver) =<_. J@ ^$= OKi PH~_ H=OQ P`==#
qiOKK<_. J#Q ~=^=# `lOz, O~k` _# r===#

O^K<_. J~`, P qÔQ, ''<# r=_#, YO__#, s~=`_# J#
== O^K#\H J`xO^ 'u (|=< ... J# u H
==) U=Ò `QH L#k. ZO^K`#O\"? |` (H z`) XH<H
q+ =OK` ''<# r=_# J# qÔQ qOk. Hx, ""xH Jk "~
PH~=# O^@O^ H^!
D qÔQ |=#O^ ''r=` HtOz# `~"`, H=OQ # ~=Q
PH` (Space factor) Pq~qOk. D PH` ''PH= |Q}= J#|_
F Lù H~}O G 221
q+`==~= #`=QK#k. H=OQ H` (time factor) [xOk.

^x`_ JOH~=` _# Ja=#= L^qOk. W" q$+H, D [Q`
$+H ==.
z` K`#=
r= K`#=
PH ` ... | Q}=
H `
JOH~a=#=
[Q` $+
PH JOH~ H~=Q P $+x OH=ÒQ $+# `` =<
''~}Q~_ H ''=+r=_ Jx G= <~. J~` WÔ`
K`#``=Q ~=``# P~OK LO@#k. XH te XH<H Q t=#
`~K#HO@#C_ ... J`x =# #O^ zuOK|_= t=
OH~O LO@Ok. J> ~}Q~_ =+$+ OH" ~=Q H"_.
Hx t` =#< t= xz #kH^! x+=Q K`#" WÔ` J~=#k.
P`K`< Z~Q|_K#\ D J^[Q` (illusionary world) ~=` #O_
L`#" ^=# HtOk.
JOH~= "^# `` =` _Hx# Oq` 'OH= J# =$H=#
c["#k. J\ Oq` (Existence knowledge) H JO= =#< O^^~=Q
"= L`#=QK#k. 'JO==` _Hx# PH ~=Q `#
'|`<` Jx JO@<O. nx #O_ H=OQ ''PH `<` (Physical space)
L^~Ok. |==Q | `<`= #O_ ^"H= =}=` _#
'"^= qH<~. J~=` _# |=Q i}qOz# "^~
|=#O_ D '[Q` J##k L^~Ok.
H=OQ 'JO`<` `` = #O_ `= H =OK` ''}
`` = L^~Ok. q (future) r=_Q D }``" WOk=K
QOK|_K# D ~^ H~}=. P }``= #O_ ^<Q H=,
[~[ JO_[ ^[ c*[=# K` i^ }==h
[x< ~. }`` a=x H z` ~} =# D uH^ = L`#=QK#k.
''~`<` J#|_ `` = #O_ #|k`qk "~ } = "=_K<~.
222
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
`^~, ~`= O^H~x~} .... '~ `<` H~}`=QK#k.
nx#O_ H`` =# =# ''`*`<` (H ~=) J# J#== L`#
=Òk. J\ `[ #O_ ~_, Jy, q^` "^# `*^~=h L`#O
J=@O [~QÒk. ^x= ~q[ # [iy, D O~O qi @O _ [~QÒk.
P ~==" OH=Ò K` [= s~=# QOk. ^x P^#<
'~` < ` Jx JO@<O. D ~` < ` ^=^~= xO\H H~}", D WOk=
K QOK|_K# O~q $uH `__K#k.
H<==Q P` `# H<=O K` ''QO^`<` (Experience of
Smelling)# gHO KK#k. Jk Q=, s~= "^# PH$` H~} `=Q
K#k.

KK"? ~=KO^! h~ |_Q~, =~ h~ JQK#k H^! J> z`H

H =< =OK` Hey# `<` XH^x` =~H\ He |O_=QK#q.
D |O_=h J<H |^^== (|_Q=) HO`HO _ LO\~. =~
q_`~. =", W=h #tOK#O`=~ .... D OQqQ=
W@ [~Q`< LO\~. J~` ''W=h q^HO#= ... J< q+O
J|kK QOK=. XHz# =]q` ... q+` ==$H=, ^x "k
P, , H=, q`, P q` #O_ =~ "k =$H= ... "^#
==~=O` JH\ `" ^y=O@Ok H^! ''K@ #O_ q` q` #O_ K@=
D |~`[~QO^=< OK`<` PH=#< "K<~. =~
"\ #O_ PH^ Ht<~.
J~` h= WH_ XH q+O H;|k` QOKe. ''XH q` JOiOK@O
P JO~= #O_ ==$H= P =$H= =O^k H=` HtOK@
=# W=@O .... W=h P q` JH\ ` O~~= ^y=<~
H^! J> z^` ~=}= D q~"# K~K~ [Q` JO` H\ `=Òk.
J@ XH z^` ~=}= #O^ WÔ` H#|_K#\H .... ""xH WÔ`
'=#x QOK.
N~=_ : 'z^` J# H;~=}= WO`\ q~"# [Q` LO_@"q?
WÔ` Z\ W=_K#k?

OK`<` |= ~ ~= ~= QO^= Jx#|_ J#==.
F Lù H~}O G 223
N =+=i : O JuH;<_O^ ^^ =*=O` H#|_@

^? Wk_ J\^. Hx D H#|_Ô` "="#k H^.
D ==h XHC_ ~= O^K<~. =~HC_ ~=
Q@HO@<~. J#Q, 'z` J# P^~=#O^ H;Ò O^ K<~.
XH<HC_ =~ =`<~. OH`H=Q z`H =#< D '[Q`
J# J#=O |~~ ~ QO^= PH~OQ U~_Òk. WOHHC_
PH~~`=QK#k.
F ~"! D ^$[Q` H~}O OK`<`. g\H ~=`` x`
O|O^=#k. D OK`<` H` H~}O =H. WH ~|" ...
~=# ~=H~}=QK#k. =i =HH H~}"q@O\"? 'PkH Jx
K|_ =HH H~}O ... Pk=", J#uH =`" QOK|_#^,
[#~`", z`~"#\ ... ''~=` =! ~=` H ~|=
H~}~`=.
'= H~}OQ< [Q` qHO K@O =~ =oOK@O [~QÒk. ''~= `
J##k ~^ XH suQ =~K~ Jf`"#^ LO_ LO\Ok.

K`= è|_K# q+=#

O|OkOz# H#
<# 'r=`=#
J# r===
JO *#=
(<#h=<khk)
x`H(Faculty of Discrimination)
=O |k
=##^~ =
=#

|= ~ ~= QO^=
~=

`<`

= ` =

[Q`
224
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
19. [Q` ^
N =+=i : F ~=! D PH= `[ `= "^#=h `=O`@ `=
L`#"#q H=. W=h _ z^`=Q ~|= H ` =#< xz=<~.
JO`Hx, g\H Ò`"# uu ^. Jx\H H~}O z^` =! P z^`
è|_K# q+=# O|OkOz# H##, P è|_ ^x` He#
r===#, 'JO *#=# HeOKK#k. JO== H i}==
=# |k qHOk. J\ |k, |="^# `<`` _ '=##= J#
^~=Q '=#Q =~K#k. P =# `<`` He, = `=Q
=i [Q`Q OKK#k.
'[Q` J#|_ fQ D qÔ Q c[= z^H" . J~` D '[Q` J#|_^xH
c[= Z=~ ZH_ `=# J=~O ^. uH"# ^= h~, <, "`~
J=~O O_< ... =<=ÒQ ^#O`@ J^ JOiOKK#k.
'H= z^= J~#\ P ~=== $+Q D $kq "^#
"\x $+Ok. J~` ~"! P q^ K`#= ZH_ L#\H ... Jk D '[Q`
J# q+=# Jf`"#^x QOK^=QH! ^x == JOQ`"#k.
(It never gets attached to anything). J#Q ~OQ== Jf`"#k. h=
[Q`# K<= H^! D [Q` H c[= .... OK`<` (|, ~,

~, ~, QO^=). OK`<`H c[" JH=, J== JQ
K`#" J~=#k. nxx|\ ''D [QÒ` |=" Jx QOK|_QH!
D ` (H/^$) $+H ~" =H=# `<ÒKH= L#k. P
`<`# K`#" ... Z\ LH~}O O_ ... =~O K` HeOKK#k.
H# "=O Z\ J=Òk? JO^K` OK`<` _ "=OH^. J"="#
OK`<` =ie, [Q`Q =~K#k.

nxx|\ .... ''`H# Jk#"#\ ''x+ xiH K`#=

#O^ XH H#Q D [Q` J=`"#^x `K#k. H|\ ~"!
''h=<#J`_ JkWk "^Q Q D == P JkfK` # " J~=#k.
^xH "~Q D uH= Un ^ =!
''D [Q` K`#=#O^ U~_K# 'H# =`" Jx =#O x~zOK=
H^! =i H=O H#K` =`" =i#k `"\ J=Òk? $ kQ =#O D
F Lù H~}O G 225
==~=O` ijeOz#C_ ... D `<ÒKH=, ^x #O_ L^q# D

[Q` _ |K`#= #O_ qH<x è=Ok. |" D '[Q`
J# H~=# H~}= _. KK" ~=! WH_ D [Q` H~H~}=
~O_ |" J~=<~. H#H< "= .... '' '[Q` J#|_ =~H ^~"n
L`#" J~=O_^ .... Jx x~O^=Q H=# H\ OKK<~. ''^,
[Q` J#|_#k XHC _ Wx O=`~= HÒ [xOzOk Jx Z=~< JO\~"?
OK= `= (PH=, q, Jy =Q~), OK`<` .... D ~O_\
H~H D [Q` H^! D ''J#== - J#qOK"_ J# ~O_ `` =
XH^x Hxu =# ~~=# kOK*^. WOk# J#iOz
J<H q^=Q `K D [Q`# x~zOz, x~tOz, Hxux PkOK>@?
|~~kJ#= O~O[Q`^~= H~HW^ [Q^#=OQ
=O^ =O^ x~OK|_K#k.
''WÔ` ^ Jx "= J##C_, ''= J# `=QK#k H^! Ô \~O?
Jx Z=~< JO\~"? "iH "= XH ^$O`= KK<O. O H#|_
#Q~ ""xH J` H^! He` =`= H^! J~#\H, Jq P
=O ^==< J#`=QK<~ H^! J> D r=_
HH#K [Q` H J#=O `# ~=#O^ OH#~O
O^K<_. D r=_ |H~_. ~=H ~=Q |H=#
.... |H" J~=#\ D ''HxH H JÒ QKiOk.

q^=Q |=#O^ ''$kq "^# ^~= LxH JO==x =#O

J#H<O H^! JO^K` ... D '[Q` J#|_#k = `H ^$+H =`" QKiO^x
` ^+ =#OîH Q~ K < ~. PH=# Ti`" # #Q~^ = ^$+K
îOK"xH QKi~. J> |= #O^ _ 'r=_ J#|_#k QKiOK@O
[~QÒk. 'Lk ^$+x `lOz 'si ^$+` ijeOz#C_ D q+O
+= QK#k. P! ZO`\ K=`~O! ^ ~=Q |" D r=x ~=#
HtOK@O [~QÒk. J#Q P ~"~_ D ''r=_=+ "^QQ
PH~=# ... r== H=# (^=#) f=# _QK<_.

226
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
20. ^ Pq~==
N~=_ : q! D r=_ ~" ~_ XH> x uk< ~ H^! ~ =#
Jf`_, ~=O@ Un x"_ J~# D~_ D ^=# ZO^,
Z@ P~<_? ''<# r=_# =`" ... J`_# J# ~=# Q D
Oz` ==O` ZH_#O_ =z_Òk?
N =+=i : OH=Q P`==# JÒ` JOQ`"#\ D ^=
H P^#O` U~_K# XH<H H==# q+Oz K`#. q#.

"@"^@ ~"~# r=H# Jy eOQ== HkQ L^~Ok.

H=H=OQ H<|O K` P< rqQ =# O^@O [~QÒk. PHO
KO^_ XH_Qx, W^~ KO^ ~H^! Hx, "H# ^+= H"xH ~O_=
KO^_ "===< QKiOKK<_. J>, D r=== 'J` J~=O__
`= f=#=QK#k. J@ `~"` =<|= =# ^+`= ... P
^+`= #O_ ^$`= U~_K<~.
H=OQ, P H;`[= `#H eOQ==# =~z#^, `## =Q
qOKK ... " JQK#k. XH_ O ''<# =~}OK#, < |O^=
< K@ ~x U_K<~ J< J#=O O^` LO\_. `< =~} ... P
O Z=iH? JOê U_K# [# Z=~? `# LO> H^, = QOK@!
W@ O `# =~}O ZO`\ ^" ... ^K`#= H"# ~}K
D r=`=, r===, ''<# XH r=_# J# = O^@O J\^. HO\ O^
'~ J# ^+= Ok#"_ u ==# ~O_ ==Q K_. ""xH
WH_ == '~O_ JQ@ ^ H^!
^ K`#= #O^ [`~OQ== L^~Oz#\ eOQ^= ''*#=
z`= J# H# ^~ ^=# QOk. P L^` UH`=
O^K, ''<# D ~H=O= s~=< Jx qOk. P! KK"? ZH_
.... x`x~=$u ~`=Q P``\ 'UH`=? ZH_ s~= `\ `^`=?
ZH_ ''s~" <#J# =#? ZH_ ''JYO_=Q P` <# J# Z~H?
W@ eOQH~" H=OQ `=Òk. XH HkHi O `## `#
XH axQ QOK#@, ''""xH ^K`#" J# D r=_ .... ''<#

eOQ^= (Subtle body or Mind)
F Lù H~}O G 227
s~=# H s~=`_#, s~= K`< LO@<# Jx qOKH#K<_.

XH ^x "#H =~H\ KC# =`H"# J<H P<, <<`#
J#qOKK<_. z`= U q+= PH~=# (H =##) ^K#^
... D r=_ _ J\" JQ L^# ^K<_. XH ^~}O (J^=)
`#O^, `# Z^~Q L# ~`=# uaOaOk KK"? J> '~QqQ
D P`_ `# *u~eOQ s~=# ''JO J##\ Ja=#=# ê
"K#k. `# #u _#"_ |@ ~H H@q\_ K#@ ... D
r=_ _ â=#=# =^<_. J`_ `# P`H ~
==# Ziy#C_ =`" '` O^Q_ =! F ~"! D r=xH
J`x P`H ~=# Q~ K\xH .... "= D '=K#= J# `
_# ==~=O` K<=! J~`, r=_ `# P``` =# U H}O
_ `lOz LO_< ^. Wk `=. = D ^=K ''LO_=# `=< (that
which is already true) Z~H ~<=. H Q~ K<=. JO`Qx, "= H`Q
Un `z WK@^.

'' ^~#O OH=#Oê He`"# ^$= H J#=O ... Wq

~O_ x[s~=#O^ [~QK<~ H^! D r=_ P``` =Q eOQ~=#
(K`# ~=#) JOH~^` _#"_ Lkx P~<_. J@ P~
H=OQ `# "==Q ~ ==# U=~z, ''<# D LkO^
LO_"_x. D LkH =`" O|OkOz#"_x J# =# |^_QK<_.
WH P J> H<= ^=# (H; ^=#) J#qOKK<_.
J~` D r=|kH x"#= Uk? Wk ''`z`= J# ~O_\ ` _#^,
''LO_@OW+_@O J# ~O_ ==` =Q *u~H =^=#, `#
eOQs~=#< H H;s~=#< "K#k. P eOQ s~= [=#Oê
`~OQ== PÒ^ LxHx Ok#k.

"@"^@, ''<# J#==# O^^# QH! (L^~} .... KK^#

QH! q<^#QH! "^# ~=#) .... J# PH` _# =# L^~Ok.
JC_ <`= #O_ ^$+ ~=# K`#= iOz ''q+` ^$=#
qOk. JC_ D 'r=_ J#|_ K`#=i `#O^ P == H
PH~H}= O|OkOz# =$ux Ok, P =$ux J#qOKK<_. ^x=#
228
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
KKK<_, Jq 'H Jx, ^xO^ ~#=O O^ Jk 'K~= Jx,
^x=# qO@<_ Jk 'Kq Jx, ^x=# "# O^K<_ (P}<_)
Jk '= Jx ~ W=|_~. D qÔQ K`#=#Oê qq^ =$` .... 'qq^
J#= = ... qq^ ^~ =Q i}qOz <=~=# OìOKHO@<~.
^x=# J~` '' `=H~ Ok= _ qH < , ^xx '"=
JO@<O. Jk ~^ 'O^= J# H}= Hey#k H^! D "" `#
O^ H ^~ r=# q*#=, JOì*#= HeyOKK#k.
D qÔQ Pu"H ^ (H H; ^ H 'JOpH$` ^ .... =#,
|k, z`=, JOH~= nx ~=) ... H~= îOK@ =# ^~=
H\ ` = Òk. J~` J`x ~= P`K` # " H^! J#Q P`K` # ~_
''eOQ s~=# îOz, JOê ''H; q+= =^ PH==
"K<_. J`" J~ _ `== `K#\ H## P~Oz |r=
~^H=Q (P~O_ |= J~=# uaOaOK) r=`=# .... OQ,
b=ÒQ, Jx~Kh H~}OQ .... HiOKK<_.
D '[Q` J#|_ ^$H W# XH<H x~K#O q#.
''P ~=` 'Ju"H^ J~ ^ P=~}= #O_ |kK`
HeOK|_# D |O_=# QOKK<_.
N~=_ : =i "~"~ r= =>q\? WH_ XHH r=_ XHH qÔQ WK,
=== LxH H\ <_ H^! D H#|_K#Ô` Uq\?
N =+=i : B#! XH rq [Q`#, =~Hrq q |O_ ~=#,
WOHH rq q |O_=# QOKK<~. XH H J<HK@ J<H ==~=#
x~iOK@ ^? XH K`#= ... XHK@ r=xQ#, =~HK@ q~\ ~=
(q~"# OKuH $+ =#=) Q#, WOHHK@ n~ H~=
Q#... `## `< =HHiOKHO\O^x QOK^=QH. J@ QOKK, P
J#= =# JOwH~|k` îOK@ D |O_ x~}=x JO`s# H} =.
D r=_ ''x[Q~ Q$= (own inner recess of the house) J#`y#\ `#
z`=#O_... H<#~OQ H=, H~=, H#, ^==# J#qOK
K<_. P ~ <= |= |^_QK<_. J~` =` WÔ`
H#= J` H JmH= (==`=) J~=#k. JO^K`, *#
''WÔ` J#`#"#k J< x~~<~. ''q~_, Pk= J~#\ P`
F Lù H~}O G 229
'O=. J\ P` ""xH ''Lù J##^ ^. Hx H=Q =K

=+=+ $+ ~=Q H\ `=QK<_ ... Jx "^= =zOKK<~,
kOKK<~. |O_H~=Q HxOK D =O^ ... Pu"H ^~,
Pk = JQ '*u Jx =|_K# ^~_Q '^+ HH =iOHn
ZH_^. D '^$[Q` J#|_^xO^ Un L`#=~ LO_^. Uk L`#=
J==@ ^. WOHq Z=iK` K_|_@O^. F ~=KO^! "= D [Q`
==~=O` Q ijeOK=. J<H H}= #O_ D ''h=<# "^#"\x
sHOz KKO. J<H K~ `~"` [Qk+" "= K# x~O q#.
Pu"H ~=# (=<~=#) =Q P~Oz# ~=` D
[Q` # `#`< z`= #O^ ~zOKHx P ~K# K |O_=Q#, =* =Q#,
L`= =^= ^= ~+Q# îOKK, J#qOKK<_.
''WH_JH_, WC_JC_ |H" L#k Jx QOK> *#O.
JO^K`, ~=! D ^$==~=O` `= (As if exists truly) QOK|_=K.
J#qOK|_=K. Hx, ""xH WÔ` = QOK|_ #Q~== ''He`=,
uaO|=`=, =, JmH= Jx h= QOK^=QH! WÔ` ""xH JxiÒ,
~Q~Ò, |O^~Ò. J~` UO? JÒ` P~O Hey HtOk.
PH=x #H`=, KO^_ "^#q `\H[O Z=i H~}OQ
uaOa<~? D JmH^$=, h\ uaOaOK PH ^$==, Z=~
$+O#\H `#=== "eq~Ok. = =O |^
_ "`<~#@O U=Ò OÔ ^. XHC_ LO_ .... =~HC_
O_ k `"\ J=Òk? D $+ JO`\ H H~Q | XH<H
^$+K, '=x QOQ, ''x"_ JQKO_Q, WH P# $+Q D [Q`
QiOz "~Q =#O KC<^=#k? Wk _ J> x^ JQK#k. $+H~
Z\"_, P $+H~K HeOK|_# D [Q`_ J\^ J=Òk H^!
N ~"! '*#= J#|_ *Q` =iOz#C_ D '[Q^~#= J<
= `#O`@`< JO`~#=QK#k. JC_ ~=` `# r=`= =ê,
`#H ''H=O JkfO JÔ JQ | ~=# "eKO_@O
[~QK#k. JC_H J`x@ D ^$ *_=g LO_=. O `lOK@K
"= =z# `~"` ... P =x Q$=, =#+, O@#
J`=Q è=~. JC_=h *H=ÒQ =`" LO\~ H^! J> D
[Q` s~^ LO_=<, *#= Oz#\ u W=h, g\ =H~}=`
230
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
.... PH~=#< H`~=`~. JC_ ''<# h= Jk Wk`
_# [QÒ` '|=Q< J#` =QK#k. [=# "~Q ^=`=#^?
$+_ ~=` #O_ "~H^.
''*# JO> Z=~? ` "^# P `=K =## x~O
KHx#"~ H^! J\ x~ =# D H#|_ |O_= PH== Ju
x~=, O`=, x~^~= (Un P^~=Q Hey LO_xk) x~^= (^xH
_ `# P^~= Hxk). J^=, Jkf=Q (`# "~#k HxkQ)
è=KK#k. WÔ` |= #O_ #\H, |=# "~Q Un,
U ==O^# L`# =Q@^. Wk ~=H==< #=, x~=
J~ "K#k.
F =H;|n! XH q+O H\ <#. ""xH ''O~= J##^
^. Wk (D H#|_#k) P^~=Qx, P^=Qx, ^+Qx, ^$=Qx H^.
nxO^ |= |O_= J#|_ ^~=g =. WH_ ~<==
O|OkOz# H~H~}=#, Hu^## x~OKx, ÔfHiOKx
uOK@O XH qÔQ ''qÒ_"^" #x JxOKHO@Ok. J~` G=
Hx <=~= O fHx, t+xO^ O~~`=# "eyOK\xH
Ò K<~. ^*= H = JO`=~H. (J#Q t+ kOK@O
H~H).
""xH, WH_ [OQ==~^ _ =. [= `~OQ=,
P=$`=, _QO_ ~ KK"? XH [O P qÔQ J<H ~=
=iOk. |= `#O^ `< ''[Q`# KHx WO`< P H#h
qb#O K HO\Ok. WÔ` ^+ "~ Q Kz#C_ J` J~=O_ _ ^$^
^$~=# J#`" J<H J#== P"=QK#k. P! D J`
J~#\ ^$ == Zx "^##, Zx ^Y=#, Zx =# r=_
x~ } OQ J# q OK K <_ H ^ ! XH _ O `# =~ } O z#@
HQOKK<_. WO`<, x^~ z# `~"`, ''D #=O <H =K
HeOK|_#^ H^! =i <# JO`Q ZO^ ~kOK#? Jx P~_`_. WH
P \O KHO_ P J#= O@ =#O =_ . J^ qÔ Q *#= O z#C_
''D O~= q^ H^ Jx ^_K#k. JC_`_ H== JYO_=,
J<k, J#O`= JQ |=< *<H=#O^ îOKQ_. P ~``~
[Q` ==~ =##= LO_*^.
F Lù H~}O G 231
P ~=H=#O^ =Q #~=# ''Ju"H ^î J~

*u "K<_x QOK. J`x ^= OKuH= H^. H~=,
H~}= HO> "~ H^H^! (Effect in not different from the cause). P *u OH=`
==~"#\ D $kq "^# $+ '` H^ =! WÔ` *u x[
~"# |". ''~= ~^ |" Jx QOz# `~"` WH_ h
`~_Q Y ^Y=q L<~? ''O~= J##k ZH_ L#k KC?

21. D r=_ iq`_? Jiq`_?

N =+=i : W\ =~ =#O qKiOz# ^xx J#iOz ''JO== Qx,
^xx P~Oz L# '[Q` "^# ^$ == Qx = ... Jx `K#k
H^! WÔ` [#~`"O_@K ''= J##k HH" J=Òk. '|=
XH> `^~=. WH W`~"#^n ZH_ ^.
~=H= /H; ^= ^$= :
x=Q =^[= `# [`= `lOKO_< KOK=Q H~@=Q
=i#k H^! ~=H" `# PH~=# `lOKO_ r=~=# H=#
O^K#k. OH" ~=Q Q ''z^ $u D JOMH=Q r= ~=#
^K#k.
^=rq (r=`=# <Ok), q~@ *u J~=# P |^=x
z`~PH^=< =#O ''Ju"H=, H;^`= Jx <O.
WH D '^$= q+xH = WÔ` H H#|_ HO_Q Ok. Wk
... U z`H~_ UHQz`= #O^ HeOz# ''"^= J# OK~OQ
z`==O\k. XH z`H~_ XH Q z`=# ~H# K_#HO_... P
z`= H g}` J`x z`=#O^ Jx " ^y#k H^!
D [Q` XH O= KH|_# t^$= =O\k. q~@~+_ (H
*u H |^=_ H =+ $+) P O=# Q 't =O\"_, ''Pk
*u J~# P |^=xH, =#r=xH L#@... HiH"# ''L``H
H~}O JO@ Uq ^. Z@ JO\"? r=_... ''D WOk#==#

*u H;``= (Subtle body) H PkH~} K`#" *u H ~=.

Pk *u ur=_ ~=Q P` H^! ^``=Q P` =+$+ ==# O^#\
`` =< 'Pk *uQ K |_Ok.
232
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
O^^#QH! gi` He rqOK^# QH ... W\ PH~H"# OH=K
J<H s~=# O^K<_. *u ... J@ H^. J`_ =Q<
~=H=# `##`# H\ OKH#K<_.
W`~ *` = ==# '= J~<~. =#
"iH ~ H~, O~= LO_= H^! H~\ [O z ~#@
|=#O^ | "i"i $+` =@O, ~OK@O [~QÒk.
N~=_ : J#Q P Pk*u ^$= Z^~Q # D ==Q
JQK<_?
N =+=i : D [Q` ^~= JÔx uaO|=Q r=x z`=#O^
uaOa<~. z`" s~=QQ *u ''Ò`` #_ Jx
K|_K<_. ^$=# Jf`"# P` J`xH P^~=. J`_ ^$= Qx,
^~#=Qx, ^+Qx `Q HH~#\H ... Jh `< JQK<_. nO
#O_ =~H nO "eyOK|_#@, P Pk *u #O_ D ^$ ==h
L`#=`<~. XH OH= =iOH< OH=, XH = =iHx
^= HQK#@, P Pk *u H ''=+$+ J# O J<H
'r= J# JOMH = LO@<~. K@ #O_ H=, P H= #O_
J<H P L`#=QK#@, =+$+ ~x = #O^ J<H =+J-
=+ $+ |_K<~. J`x O^= =#< D r=_ L`#=QK<_.
=\` J<H = `~ J~#C_ ... P =\H = J^" kOk
H^! "# Hi H~}= #C_ H~ H~}= Ja#" H^!
J^suQ D $+H, ~=` Ô ^.
Z=xO^ D '$kq "^# JmH"# ([= #Oê uaO|= =O\)
==h H#|_K<, J`_ r"H~_Q Pk|. J`_ D ''q~\
P` ... q~^~ $+ ~= Jx "Â KCK<~.

N~=_ : Q=O`_Q F =+ =s! q~ K#Ô` q# `~"`, WC_

< Hx O^ HQK<~. r=_ iq`_? Jiq`_? r= J<
L<~? XH_ L<_? XH " J< LO> "~O^~ _ J#O`~<?

D H#|_ =*O W@ WOk= J#=OQ <~. P WOk= |~~
~QO^=# `<` L<~. P `<` z`HO L<~. z`HO r"HO L<~.
'^z` H ^= H@# Jr"H".
F Lù H~}O G 233
"~O^~ JK= (HO_) = =~K~ O_< LO@<~? J D r=O^~

ZH_ #O_ "=_K<~? qzÒ KK~? "O #O_ [^~ _K#@,
=Ô #O_ J#O` OY [H}= "=_K#@, Jy #O_ ~== D
r=O^~ JOMHOQ Z@#O_ "=_K<~. LO@<~. g~O^~ |î#k
ZOÔz? ZH_H "K<~?
N =+=i : h \Q =^#O K=<"? q#.
'r=_ J#|_"_ XH_ _. WH ''K=Ok r= J< =@ ZH_
L#k? h ''O^\ H H= ZO^ H#|_K<~? J#@ L#k. r=_
_. r=~t ^. ~`== r=O_= _ ^. h H#|_K# 'r=_
J#|_K#Ô` ... u, H uaO|= =O\^ Hx, "== H^.
^=, ~Q`= (JO` PHqOz, iOz#k), q`= JQ
|=QH =~H =" ^. P |= ~H=O`=. JO^K`, D H<
H=O` ^xO^ L` " #k. P K` # =#O^ OH =$` uaOaOz,
`^~ uaO| (JmH) =`=#\ D H~ x~H~=Q ^~=Q
Pq~q < ~. H|\ W=h | ^+ ... |=#O^, |=Q Hx < ~.
'q` (Absolute knowing) J# ` ''K`#= J# O~=K ''h=<# ^~=
JO`~OQ q+= .... J# ~Q 'HQ qHOk. H#H D
H< =$` H=O` H` _# '`Q |_K#k. nxx
QOK#k _ |". ''r=_ |k O^= =# ^ `==
|` ... W" *#Q==QK<~. J~` g\ U XH ^xH H"#
` (Independent existence) ^. ''UH=` |=# =`" J`=#k.
qQ`"\Hx\H |= =#< JÒ U~_Òk. P |`# `` ~HOQ
(`` " Jk h= J# Z~HQ) `HH=@O K`< Jk "~# `=
u=Òk. `` ` Q Oz# `~ "` Jk HO_ "~H>n JQOK^ . |`#
J*#= P=iOz#k. J~`, _ =#^q ^. ZO^HO>, J\
J*#=# 'P`*#O J#uHO q<#"~K#k.

XH K=`~O Uq@O>, ''J*#O Z\k? ZO^ OqOk? J< q+"

Uq KO. ''n "`~ =# pH\ #tOk... J< q+O =#OîH
`. Hx 'pH\ J#Q U" UqKQO? ''"`~ H=@" pH\ Jx=Ò
XH =@ J#QO. J^qÔQ, ''*#= L^~Oz#C_ J*#= #tOKK#k
234
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
... Jx =#O Ò_ KQO. Hx, ''D J*#O W\k. WH_ #O_ =zOk, WH_
L#k Jx =Ò x~zOK=. "= kOK#_ ... J*#= `Q L=
q\ KCK<O. J*#O ZO^ OzO^ Jk Jx~Kh" =!
''i^ `` =Q P` =## H~}OQ [Q`# O^Òk Jx KCK<O.
J\ `=` _# =##= ZO^ Ok?
N~=_ : J=# ... ZO^ Ok?
N =+=i : Jk "= K*H`<=. ""xH Jk Jx~Kh=.
x*xH =# P q+O J#=~O _! "k Uq\, ^xH zH` Uq\ è#
`~ "`, ''W`xH "k ZO^HzOk? ZC_, Z\ ~O" O k? J##k J ` " #x
= JaO. XH"^_ n~HO "zOz "\H =^< "`H #@O
H=# =$^K@ H^! "Ô K\xH LHqOK>" `H} H~=O H^!
WC_ "= ukOK#k, ''|" D 'r=_ J~=#k Jx H^! H#H
h= h `~z`~z KCK# 'r=_ J#"_ |". J\ |=
''~H=O`=, JYO_=, Jiz#=, J<k, J#O`=, `=, K`#~=
... J~=#k. D H} =h r=xH "= ~= H =" J~=#k.
'|= J##k ZH_ ^. Z\H aOK#k H^. F =|kb! ~=KO^!
D r=x "= ~" |= =! ^xO^ ^H# =. D H#|_K#
[Q`H =O` _ (J~H# u ==O^) |=#O^ ~ =OKK#^x
QOK^=QH!
N~=_ : q! q~ KÔ` Q< L#k. XCHO@<# _. Hx,
q~ ''r==+ =r=_ JO@#@ < J=Q`=Òk. =i D =+r=_
Z=_? W`_ =+r=x JOQ= =O\"_? XH" Jk x["` ... XH r=x
O^ XH WK Jx r=# \e H^? J [~QÒ^? ^! r=
~~^"n ^x q Ja=? J>` D "~"~ Ja=, *#=,
OH= =@ Uq\?
N =+=i : =Oz "=. K`#, q#.
|" =+ r=~=# QOz, J@ `~"` =+~=# _
^K#^x ... <# WO`=~ K#^xx|\ QOK LO\= H^!
P ~H=O`_, =rqQ JYO_|=#O^ D '[Q`== JO`
WK~=# LO\Ok. J`_ x~O`~O ^xx H~K LO\_, Jk `~=
F Lù H~}O G 235
e LO@Ok. ÒH= (Wk `"#k J# OH=) _ J`x

WK |_ LO\Ok. J#Q P |= Uk Z@ `=x q, Jk J>
OKK#k.
J`xO^ WO`=O^ ''<# '=+r=`= J# J#==# O^^#
QH J##\ =c[= LO_ LO\Ok. D qÔQ, =+r=_ '=+ JQ@ _
P |= H WKb. J`_ `# JOQ r=# ==#, ''Wk W@
JQ# Jx OHeOz HeOKK<_. k`= (the second one) J##k UH`=
#O_ =Ok H^!
HH ==~O ^$ ... U H~= Z@ K OHeOK@ HO_,
`^#OQ J=Oa< P H~= k~ H^! Hx =+rq q+O
J@ H^. J`_ OHeOz#O` =Ò K`<, H}O H~= kOKK#k. =+rq
P H~ x~iOK@O ^~ uOz#_ =`" U^< O^K<_. D
=+ =+ r= (1) ''OHeOz { uOz O^@O, (2) OHeOz#O`=ÒK`
O^@O ... J##\ x==# =uiHOQ Un OqOK^.
N~=_ : =s! =~ H~= OH=ÒQ< D_~K<~ H^!
N =+=i : x[". Hx, Jk J@ [~Q@ _ =#O =+ r= WKH
PkOK= =O k. ''=~ OH= ` " =iOKQH J##\ q+ r=x
x~" J@ "i =~^# H=OÒ KOk. =+r=x WK _ H~}O
q+r=x WK. J\ WK eOK\xH _ J^ H~}O.
| ^# r=_ H< =+
J<H
=r"` H r=_

= HH==#

O|OkOz# WK
'=+rq H '^#H H x==< ''D~K Jx JO@<O. J\
D~x==# =u~H=Q U H~= kOK^. ~= ^xx J#iOK
u+`" LO@Ok. H|\ W=h D~K#~" [~Q K<~. =+rq WK
=# kOKÔ@ Un ^.
|" ~=QQ ''=rq PÔ`~`_<_. J`_ H@Hk
=+r= =+r= H ~O. J`_ HO_ WOHn WH_ ^. '|^=_
Jx =#O #k =+ r=x QiOK#x W`~" K# H^! J~`
236
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
''r=_| ... K`<O=# ^"g ^. Hx LkO^ ^=#k.
'r==+ Jx =#O KCHO@#"xH ...
1. H;s~= (Subtle body),
2. H~}s~= (causal body - that body which causes every thing else)
... Jx ~O_ LO\~. WH =+rq q+xH =, J`xH D ~O_ s~=
HO_, H P"# s~= _ L#k.
h= K#@, "~"~# ''=$uWK= `~`== =+q+O
`~ _ \ xH H~}O Lk ^ = =! ''<H s~= =. <# D s~=#
O|OkOz#"_# =`". D s~=# O|OkOz# x =$^ <". D
s~=#O^Q WOk= J#==QK# P ^~= O~K`
=`" <# P#OkOKQ # ... Jx |= (`# K` # `` "# \H) XH<HC _
[_==# O^K#k. [_== K` U~_K# O~= K`< |=#
'<# r=_# J< J#==, `^~ q~"#
O~= =z_ K<< q+ O D QO^= K`# , Lx+` "^# P`q+
u^H= Q `k`~ QO^= K`# J<H ^$O`= ^~ =~ =~ x~+ = Q
x~OK |_Òk. D O~= (attachment) ^~"#C_ ''=+r===
`y~, P #O ''=r=`= kOk. Jk_ ~Oz#_... WH
~^ =~~H=Q =~" U~_K#k. XH [_"# H, Jy H
~K JyH}=Q =~K#k H^! ~y, |OQ~= H ~K` Qx, B+^
=O K`Qx '|OQ~=Q ~=# O^Òk H^! =+r=_ _ `#
=+` =# O^K<_. ~O ~ H=OQ P =+ r===# _ `lOK@O
[iy#C_ ''<# |=< J##\ |==# O^K<_. J\ |
==# O^"_, ''<# JYO__#. ~ ^ ~ `` =O^ xO_ O_, ~ =#
H~}=QK, ^xH JO@O_ LO__"_<# <# ~^ ^_#. Jx~Kh_#.
Jx~ = Q ` ~_# J##\ J#= = Hey LO@<_. J\ #= ~H=Q
J=Q# Hey#"xH ... ~=``` =Q |=# ^"q LO_^. '<#
|=# Jx QOz#"_ |" HH =iOH=`_? KK" ~=! D
'r=_ J#|_"_ Hx+ r=`= #O_ *+r=`=, *+r=`= #O_
r=~`=Q |==# O^K<_. J> WC_ h 'r=_ J#|_
qÔQ H#|_"_ XHC_ '<# |=< J# Z~H# `lOz, H=OQ '<#
=+x J##\ (H Hx+) r=` =## Ok<_.
F Lù H~}O G 237
<# |=#.
r=``=# <#
Jf`_# =+ <# =+x.
^_# / r=`=#. Hx+
`_# *+ r=`=#
JYO__# r=`=# iq``=#
Jiq`_#
D =+r=_ (Individual soul) Q =#O (^$+^+OK`) K# ur=x

$Ô# =H~=Q P` *[=#OQ HtOk. J\ PÒ^
D [Q` 'J` J~#\H, `= HtOKK#k. ""xH, P qÔQ `=
HtOK@O K`#=H K=`~"Qx, "~qH^. J#Q, K`# i
'K=`~O K` `#O`@`<, q+` <=~=# QOKK, ''D ~"
<#. D ~ <k. D ==, = < O|OkOz#q J##\ JO==#
HiOKK#k. H|\ ~"! ''D =+r=_ 'K`# aO|= H z^
uaO|" Jx Q OK. K` # =z^== (Reflective) J#|_ aO| uaO
''z#= QH "q H^. J\ z^ [Q` ~O P`K`#= #O^
uaOaOk. H#H D H= _ K`#H".

'=+r=_ J#|_K# z^ K`#= H uaO| K`#= / (Reflection
of pure consciousness) ..... aO| K`#= (=+r==, =r==) HO> Ja#"
J~#\H ''i}== "^# q+ ^$ qa#=Q è|_K#k.
W\ qa#`= _ K`#= =#< OqOKK#k. ''K`#= [_=
[_H=... Ja<#=O, OuK` a#=Q H#|_@O... J##^
[Q^==~=x QOK^= QH! K`#~=Q |= H qH
PH=HO> _ JÒ` H;"# k. D JO=O HO> _ JÒ` H;"# k.
D JO= ^~#=O` |=#O^, ^xK`<, ^x=#< U~_K#^x
QOK"~ |= JQK<~.
''=+r=_=+r=_ ... J# ~O_ q+= "=^$+ Ja#=.
=+ =+` =#k. =+ =+` =#k. [=x J<H `~O Q=, JO^

~aO|= PH= HtOK#C_ P aO|= XH `\HOx [O _ uaOaO k
H^! PH=# L# ~_ ''aO|= Jx, h\ uaOaOK ~_ ''uaO|= Jx WH_
^$OÒQ QOKe. PH ~_ "=OQx, uaO| ~_ H^ H^!
238
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
Q XH<H `~OQ=# ^"=#^ KC? XH `~OQ=#, J<H `~OQ=,
[=# J^" kOk H^! J> =+r=_ =+r=_ K`#=
J^"#=x QOK^= QH! ^=Q QOK|_@O J*#= K`< =! J*#"
''h= <# J`_ [_= K`#=` xO_#\ D [Q^~#=# J#
H~}=QK#k. K`#H JOH~=` _#\ D |O_=# `#O^
`# b=ÒQ îOk. WO`qOz WH_ U `H"# q+= ^. 'z`
H `# x[~=# =Q HeOKH#K# =<~ 'q=~"z`" (down
word view) D '[Q` J#|_K#k.

D '|k =i 'JOH~= J#|_#q _ P z`H H q=~=

=`"#x QOK. J#Q '<# r=_# J#, ==O` _Hx H#|_Ô`
XH 'H# =O\^Qx, "== H^. J^qÔQ, ''| ~~~QO^=
... J#|_ OK`<` _ K`#= H q=~= J~=<~. WH D
^ ÙH`=O QiOz "~Q K^ =#k? WÔ` z`H (H P`Q"#x)
HO> "~ Q H#|_@ =H~}O "#. "# J*#= #O_ HQK<~.
''"# J#Q ... J<H s~H=#H H~O~ ~=#". H#H ~=!
h= D "##, `Ò|O^"# H~ ~=#=# "Ô@ i`lOK^= QH!
D ''h= <#hk<k J# ^$+ Jf`_=Q=. JC_Qx, h `=
+O H^. ''` == ... J# D ~ O_ JÒ` [\OQ He~ =i < ~.
h= ZC_` "##, ^ =## `lOz"" ... JC_ ` = +O z J#$`=
(J`=) `yQ^.
<<! ~=! ''D ^$= U" L#k? J##k Ziy#"_", ^x H~}
H~}"# h ~=H O^ ~qOKKO_=. "=K H|_
L#C_ PH= H ~= QOKQ=? "= `y~#C_?
PH= H "="#\, JYO_"#\ ~= QKiOkH^! ~=
q+= _ J\^. s~= @, ^$= @Q = `y# =~H}O
~= H "= "# JYO_` =, x``=, ''^ HJf`` = QKi~.
D PH= H ``= PH=#O^ QKiOk H^! J^qÔQ ^$ OK=
`y~#C_ _ 'z`H H qH` QKiOK Q^. h ~= P
qH`. z`H HO> ^x qH` "~#k H^ =!
J ` JO> Uq\? 'J` JO> Uq\? =H `_ Uq\ è=K@
^ . XH q+ O x~ OÔQ H\ < #. q#. ''^$O K= qK~}K `yQ
F Lù H~}O G 239
... D r=_ JC_ K_ "# Jx YzÒQ, J#= ~HOQ KCK<O.

P u z`H H qH`=#, ~=# J^" J#===Òk.

F ~=KO^! =#K~=Q H;[Q` (Pu"H [Q` Zone of thought

process) #= =` " . WOk =K Jk + ` " # D s ~^ , D
|O_= ... W=h K`#= H =<q=~ =`= H^! K`#= HO>

a#"#k ZH_ U=#k KC? U ^~O Z^x #O_ L`#=Ò^, J@
L`#"#k `# ="# ^xHO> "~#k Z\ J=Òk? h\ #O_ L`#"#
=OK <=~~OQ ÔK` [=HO> "~Q `KK#\H .... =OKQ_ U
==O^ _ ... [= HO> "~#k J~=O_^ H^! =~^~=H D
x== KK#C_ XH x~== ^~= QiOz "~Q K^=#k?
=+= `KK# JOH~=, ^ | K`#= x~===#"! Jq ~O_
"~"~#q H=.

22. JOH~ ~=
z`H O HH=. ^xH <=~ =. ^x OHe` ~}
'[Q` ~OQ uaOaOk. D =#, |k, JOH~=, OK`=,
~`=, k... WÔ` K`#= H OH ~H ~K< K=`~".
ZO^HO\"? D [Q` H ~= nx ^~#= K`#=#O^ ~=Ok
H^! H#H, ''D [Q` z`H H ^~= (function) J##k QOK^= QH!
[Q`# =ke" z`H H H`" +Ok. JC_ +OK^xH <=~
=. ''[Q`# =^@ JO> Uq\? [Q^==# =^@. F ~=KO^!
""xH h= == Jf`", ==# HeOK"_"Qx =< ^_=
H^. Wk x``=. '[Q` == `y#C_ [_^~= H i}==
_ ''z`H Hiy=K#^x J#H<= H^! [Q^=O L#O`=~ ^=O
`Q^.
WC_ KC! D [Q` Ò`` ZH_#k? =~ KCK<#. q#.
''z`H O^, ''OK=# H\ OK@O J# H OH$`" (Self designed)
... P H #O_ "~H#\^#k. Jk r=~=#, `<` ... (|~~
~QO^= J#==# O^#k) ~=# u" [Q`Q H#@K#k.
240
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
z`` _# JO= ~} }=` _, ''r=_ J#|_ O[#
O^K#k.
K=`~O KK"? ''z`H .... ^xH '~} J##q JO=O K`
"~~|_#" r=O[# ^K<~. J~` D ==K^~= (the function of
differentiation) Hh_=O\k =`" Hx "== H^. ''JO==# [~OK@O
J#Q ..... J^xx J"= ^$+K îOK@. JO`Qx, ^xx XH ==Q
qOz, `yOK@ uOK@ H^. Ô \", J@ u LO>, 'JOH~=
H LxHx JOwHiOK@ J~, WH P = i_q< LO@O^x QOK.
Hh_ =O\^ J~#\ 'JO== "= ^$+K iHOK|_#C_, ''Wk |"
Jx è=KK#k.

D '[Q` q+" =iHx q K`#. q#.

K`# ^#=Q JOH~" JxO\H H~. H ^#=Q }" 'H~.
''H~ J#Q ... 'Hx~iOK#k Jx H^! H~ H Ô ^. JO^K`,
JOH~=# }=# Ô^. H~H ^~ (functional) q+" H~.
JO^K`, =#O 'r=_ Jx #k H~< =!
H==Q r=_ ~+x H z`=. D z`" WOk~=#
H\ `" <<q^Q f=#=QK#k. WH H~H~}== (Effect &
cause experiences) q+xH = WÔ` JmH". (H ^~}=x uaO|=
=O\^). D [Q` JO` z`H=H JO H#H WO^ ^`=# `=
^. WÔ` J^`" J~=#k.

JK^=^=H^+=K
x` ~Q` }~Kqu `" II
JOH~=#H #`"# P` KkO|_@, Ô|_@, `_|_@,
+O|_@ J##q =. Jk ~"O^ ~qH~= Jf`"#k. Jk
x`=, ~Q`=, ~= JK= _. F ~"! "= P`H ~=
(H |`` =#) QOz<O. J@ #=OQ QOz# ^x< H=
H\ <O. `= ~=# QOK#\ J<H=Ok r= =`H=, ^
Y^= J~#\ ~O, ~^+} =O\ hKH~=# P~<~. G=

~+_ : ~+H~= (Effort) ~=Q"_.
F Lù H~}O G 241
ukOK^xx u~i<~. eÒQ J<H ^~Q= J#q<~. J~`

D ^$==~= H P@h 'J*x =^ =`" QK<~. J`xH =`"
WÔ` =i=O`", qH~^` _ ~H` O^Òk. *xH ... D ^$
OK" JQ_@O ^. J`_H J#==QK#k z^H". JOH~O`
D ~ `J` ==h #n[O =Ô K~#@, z^H=#O^
"t<~. h\ "|_# LC=, J`xx K~K# ~<=h
~=#O^ x+=Q ~Oz`<~. F ~=KO^! WC_ =#O *#
^$+< =~=~ HiOKe. JO`Hx, J*# ^^$+x ZO`=~ `~z K
=Ò UO [#O?

''z`# (Lx+` ^+) XH =$H=`#,
''=# =O`= H ~H`#,
''[_Hx P =$H=x ~=`#,
''H ^~^# P z`=$H= H +=`# K<~.
P |" Jx", JxK@, Jx ~=`# H\ `=QK#^x K\xH
<# D L=#O fH<#. H#H, #" ~=Q Q PH=, O^"
^~=Q Q "=, `[=, [~t, q, F+^ ~_Q KO^_, =*u
~_Q ~_ "^# ~=Q H\ `=QK#k P Jkf |"
=! '|` HO_ g\H "~ # Ò`` ^ . ~*#O K` ^$O K=
~OzO^#H .... JC_ 'z^= `#H ~==#< "Q^.
*Q`+` _ |" J@ iOKK#k. D =_ `
''[_= "#= H ''=<= J#"xO^ LO_ L<~ H^!
"\ H#|_ `_ JO` D ~O\ H qo`= #O^ =`". '|` #O_
'[Q` ` U~_K#k. J~` ^+ #O_ "~ Q ~` Kz#C_ [Q` J` ".
''= D [Q` W@ ZO^ OKK#k? J# =^#OQ, ''q~
J^xx J@ qOK@O K`< Jx KCK<=.
D ''[Q` J#|_#k :
z`~ =H= H ''#=
z`~ "= H ''O^=
z`~ Q_O^H~= H ''O^=
z`~ ~x ''k#H#
242
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
... Jx qA ~=OQ KCK<~. H#H<, Wk ~` Kz#C_
''J`= Jx <# H\ OK#.
Hx Jk#~=# (WÔ` ZO^ xH" L#^ J\ ^``=#) `=.
ntY Pi` = =`" qQK#k H^! [Q` #tOz#C_ |"
qQK#k. PH= #O^ ''he~OQ ^~= LO_@ J# H J"="#@,
WH_ (D ^$=#O^) ^ q H~= H#|_ K#\H ... "" xH D ^ = =~O
|=#O^ ^. D ~ =~ ` H= J` (H"# LxH
xq) J~#\H, #OQ (`{== .... "="# LxH Hey#@)
H#|_@OK ... J<H | ==~= Q= J=K<~.
XH_ pH\ `_# Kz '= Jx `KK<_#H ... P `_ =Q
K_|_K#^x HO> "~#k H^ H^! J> D [Q` |=. He` ^~=
` (H J`) Jk# ` HO> "~#k H^. `_ = ("== J"==
#O^ HeOK|_#) = ` J` XH> Hx "~"~ J~# q+ H=
H^! J> |= D [Q` XH>.
''J=qJ=== J# |= x~H~H~ J~H# K ''P
~O_O\H "~"~# '` L#k Jx P~} K@O ^+~+"# K# Jx
= JaO. W\ ~ H# O^\ H=Q J~O x^. ''#k Jx =#O
^xx <O? h~<Q@ ... D =_O\ =#" H^? Wq HH, #k
J##k ZH_#k? W> =Ô _? J> `k`~ ~=h. J\^ D H#|_
''J=qs~= J##q _! W@ D [Q` |=.

XH ^$O`= K`#. XH \ HO `# @ _ xO_ L#@

JQ_K#\H, ^xO^ PH= LO_< LO_=#k H^! S` Z^~Q LO_
^~=# `#O^ uaOaOK@ (uaO|=# Jk#O) P \ H"
H^! J^qÔ Q, z#=Q '= _, #|@ [_" J~#\H, ^xO^
''z` uaO|= _Òk. z` uaO|=` _# =O^ D 'J`
J~#\ [Q` u`=QK#k.
''\ HO "^# ^~ == JO`~`"# HO D
PH[x`"# '"= "^#"\ O~= LO_^ H^! J> z^H=#O^
_ ''h=<#J`_ "^#"\ H '`J` =e#O LO_^.
=~H ^$OÒ ^~ [Q`|= JÔ K`#, q#. P LO_
F Lù H~}O G 243
D< ... P P#O_ "~H#\H "~#@ `K@O Hqk`" H^! [Q` _

|= #O_ "~HH~#\H "~#@ HxOK@ = H K=`~O.
H#H [Q`|= ~~O Ja#=. |= D [Q`# îOk. H~}=#H
H~}= PkH~}= |". z`=# Jk#=Q K`#= J^. |^=xH
PkH~}O |=. Jk t==, `` =, =~= "^# J~i`"#
=K#=K K|_Òk.

z` : D [Q` #O^ ~^ `KK<~ H^! J~` J\ ~^

J#==# =H~}"q\? P ~^ O|OkOz# JO`~OQ=#Oê
*#~} H^! J\ z` H *#= JH~}" (H~}~`") Jx K|_Òk.
''~ ~= Lk H~}= ... |" Jx _ G= KCK<~.
J\ D z` #==`" Qx, =~HiK kOK|_#k, è*|_#k
H^.
K`= : K`= (è|_#k) z` (H ^+) H =## J#iOz
=`" LO\Ok. *#^$+K ''K`=^ J##^ kOk. ''Wk Q#k. Wk
O^@ Q. Wk # ^Y" ... "^# =K~=O` ^+ H H##
P~OK LO\Ok. XH H#K LO_, "~H H#K O_@O = K` =# ''^ `
(LO_ H=#k) Jx JO@<~.
J~` J` ==~=Q D ^$ [Q` @ '^$+ (H PH) L#O` HO,
K`=# (è|_^xH) Jf`"#\ z` J#==# =K@ ^. J#Q
h=, h ~=Q P` H J#=O (z` H J#=O) O^#HO> :
1. ''Z^~Q L# D ^$= `Q L#k H^. Wk < H O~=K
K|_K# H# O^ u+`"#k Jx QOKe.
2. J\ QOK@K ^$f`_= H"e. (Jk O~f`= H
K`f`=).
WH_ h= =~H q+O _ QOKe. ''K`z` =`" J#==#
=Òk. K`~`"# z` (Perceiver without perception or Knower without the
function of knowing) HH ==~=#, ^*=# =~# ==^.

K`z` K`= H è|_ ^xx QOK O~=$` Q z`.

K`~`z` O~=$` JO@ x z`
244
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
K`=$u` _# z` =`" H\ `=Òk. ^ K`~` z` JH\ ÒQ<
LO_Òk. c[= x JO~" "=_Òk Hx, c[= x JO~O "=_^
H^! F ~=! |=#O^ [Qn[= LO_< LO_ L#k =! H#H H$u=^$+`
''D [Q` `QQH J##\ `=` ==iOK=# <=#k? ''D
[Q` Z>## LO_QH! H `QQH! WÔ` |". ^+#Q <# _ |"
... J##^ L`=^$+.
PH=# ... ''Wk "~ Jk "~ J# ^ = ZH_ L#k? XH" "~ "~ Q
(k, ^~~<== ^$ ) H#|_< JÔ` PH= H ~"
H^! H#H h= ^ #_" ''D u=#=h | ~= J##\
x= HeyO_=.
O^~ `= OO^ H~H== x~iOK@Q# K#`
Q$#Y~.

(=_= ~A qK~} i J~Ok)

F Lù H~}O G 245
<= ~A
III. bM#O H^q+O
(=O_M#=)
1. [Q^=
N =+=i : F ~=KO^! D ^$[Q` z^H" Hx "~q H^x x#
=_= ~A KCH<O H^! WH =#O <= ~A qK~} "t<O.
aO` ^` q#O_.
XHxH x~PHO PH~^ = HQK#@, x~=Q PÒ^ D
[Q^= HQÒk. XH O=# zuOK|_# t= P O= Q< t
J~=#k Hx =iOHq H^ H^! z`~= J< O=# KH|_# D
[Q` _ z^= HO> "~ U=Ò H^. J~`, =#O WH_ KCHO@#
L=#O L# `_ XH>. == tO= t= aOKO>, XH<H
te LO_e. Hx D [Q` z` == #O^ H\ `==\xH ... U te J=~O
^. =^[O `~OQ= LO_@O ["# q+" H^! |= #O^
D ^$[Q` f`" LO_@O _ ["# q+". J*x H ^$+ [Q`
JÒ` " Z^~Q xz LO\Ok. WH *x ^$+H ... WÔ` J<H =\
`x XH '=\ Q, J<H H~}=x XH ~`[=Q, H;=Q#,
^ #=Q# J#= =Òk. "~ "~ ~H~} = "~ "~ = ==#
HtO*#\H, H~}=h ~`[= #O_ |_`, ^xH JÔQ<
LO@<~ H^! J~`, |*#= H` [Q` H H; == J#==
H^ =!
H#H, D [Q`#O^ q, PH= "^#q J#`=QK#\H "\
~= z^H". J=h =#Oê H#= =`H=, (^#=O
^$ ) J`= =`". ZO_== QiOz è#"xH, ''WH_ XH #k L#k. D
H#|_=h P #kH `~OQ= ... J# P"= LO@O^? [= *#
q*#= H J#=~H"# Z~HQ"xH D [Q`@ ^~*#=,
^*#= LO_=. H#H ~=! ''D ^$[Q` x~H~=, ==`=, OH=
246
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
#Oê #Q~= =O\k Jx "@"^@ x~OKH. WH P z`"# q`
H~# Z@ x~iOK x~~OKHx =iOK. JC_ D ''J<H`= J<
=*O x<q K^. ''"= =z# `~"` O Kz# ==
H~ "`H"_=~< LO\_? *# ''D [Q` J` Jx ^_K#k. "~,
''WÔ` |`` =# "~#k H^ Jx Ziy LO@<~. J*# =`"
... ''Wk [Q` Jk |= J##\ |^=# P~OKK<~. ''""xH
|= [Q` U=Ò Ô ^ Jx, "=, J<H ij# `~"`
xOHKOQ x~~OKH<O. PHO ~=O_=, =Q "=,
H;[ H}=, "\ PH~= u`=QK#@ D [Q`_ z#
|=# HtOKK#k.
XHxH O H#|_Ô ` J`x H#H =OK`< `# $^ HO<
#@, D *Q` _ WH_ HxOKÔ` ''HH#K U~_#\ ^$+
(Perception born of one's own volition / imagination) K îOK|_K#k. D *Q`
[Q` _ OH[Q` Q< '= =`". D ~O_\ h Ò_ XH ^x`

=~H^xx =K.
F ~=KO^! h= *x" H"e =! ''D [Q` z#H" Hx, =iOHq
H^ Jx J#=~H=Q QOK! ''[Q`=H= J# ~O_ |=
Q J~= XH>. Jq z#|= H ~O`~=. D H#|_ ''*Q^$=
U ==O^# L`#" J~=O_^. Wk x~kH= (Lkxk). nxx
ZH_ #O_, Z=~ xqOK@^ . Wk Z\H C _ 'û O^ "K#k.
D [Q` =H=# L#\H ... nxK |= H|_*^. ZH_< "=
PH=# H"Q"? ''"= ^@=Q \ #C_ PH=# H"<~
H^? JO\"? XH =# xK#C_ h J@ `K=K# Qx ... h= KK
"= PH=#O`\ h H"O^#=@ = =`". D He`[Q`
z^H=# XH J}=Ò _ P=iOK*^. D '[Q` J#|_#k ""xH
PH== x~=, x~H~= J~, OH#Q~OQ, =H= #O^
~zOK|_# z`== "K#k.
D q+=# x~OK@ h XH p#"# Wu"H\ K`#.
~f=` b O+}~=#Q D WuO q#@OK` h J<H O^
`y`~. Ou aOk.

F Lù H~}O G 247
2. N ~f=` =~O
~HO ''^_ J# XH =~A LO_"_. J`_ S~=O`_.
O`#=O`_. q"H _. J`_ qkqÒQ ~[# K LO_"_.
^+~`"# L`= Q}= J`xx P~Oz LO_q. J`x ~ ''b. P"
Q=u. =^~+. O^~~t. P" `# ~# h_= ~^ "#O\ =
K LO_k. J"["# ~~=`, i "H=`, }H^=}=`,
~=``` = =O\ q+ K~` "~ HO Q_` LO_"~.
XH ~A b JO`~O XHK@ XO@iQ ~x W@ zOKy#k.
''D < ~ ^_ < < }= HO> _ Jk_. = D Ô`=
Z\H W^qÔQ LO> ZO` QO@Ok! < ~ =e`#=Qx, K=Qx O^
O_ LO_ LO U^< L#^? <# _ < D =#O Q@HO_
J#O`HO W`x` =#OK~ K LO_k Z\? Uq K =#+ =~}=#
[~OK=K? G= nxQiOz K LO\~. =x=[`^#=
# "\ <<~, J#iOz <# < ~# ZHO Ok LO_k Z\? Ôx
*#=$^#, Ò## ~Oz =~}=# [~OK LO `HO\#.
J\ LO P~Oz < ~# Z\H W> Ok LO\#.

W@ PzOz P b Ôx =*#Oîh eOzOk. ''J=~`=
O^@O QiOz `~z`~z tOzOk. JC_ P *#=$^ W@ eH~ :
''J=! b^g! [`x=^ PKi U^< k~. Hx, J=~Ò
=Ò ÔH^. s~î J~# u"_ Z\H< P s~= `lOKH `^.
Wk Ju`"# H$u x==.
Jk qx b^q ZO` "` <Ok#k. ''J! J~` uqQO O^
J=H= L#^#=@? ^==` < ~ ^xH< =O^Q << =~}Oz<
=Oz^, Q_==O_^. "# ~ #O_ qQ^YO LO_^ H|\ YOQ<
LO\#. Hx, Hx~O Z=iH Òk? < ~ <H< =O^Q =~}?
D =*# K#^xx|\ s~ H= Jx"~= H^! J`x } s~O
#O_ |~Ò HH`#C_ P } JO`~Ox D _HQk #O_ |@
"O_ LO_@@ KKHO\#. JC_ < u D JO`~O< LO\_. <#
J`xK K_|_K +Oz# P+# YOQ Q_"#. JO^Q# D
~A #O_ [L"k J##= ^~ z^, [Q<` J~=# ~f^qx
248
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
P~k# Jx J#H#k. ~z`~ #~O H~~ x=` P [Q[#x
~f^qx P~kOK@O ~OaOzOk. J~` D q+Qx, `Qx,
`# ~ U=Ò èh<^.
JÒ` ^` L", [ KyOk. ^=`#, }#,
Q~=#, O_`# ìOzOk. u =_ ~` `~"` ~f=`
P~^<q^#= =yO =Kk. "#"O@< P" =~H =_ ~A x==#
HiOKk. D qÔQ #^#`^<k J<H HH~ H~=O^ s~=#
qxyOKK, G=O^, `#O^, [Qni ~ f^q JOi`" # qO`
Ò yOzOk. J^ =O ~ # qOKK J`xH O`+= K ~KO__k .
D qÔQ # ''u~u=`= iKOk. P =`~^#K lO|_# Q=u
"Qq JÒ` #~#k. XH q` H}O b =O^ `H" ''=`! b!
uH` _# h ` "K#. h Uq H" H~H Jx #"# "`
eHOk. b P [Q<` ^~#O K` h`~ ~=#OÔ OkOk.
b :
[ [#[~* ^^+ t!
[ ~O^H~ x"~} ~q!
JO| =`~Q<` H$}q="!
WÔ =~Ô ^! Ô ~ II (XVI.37, 38)
[#[~ J<_ *K ^ O|_`# "iH t" # F [Q<`! $^ O^
H~=# x"iOK ~q"# F [Q[#h! JO! h [=QQH! x# îOz#
`~ "` [#[# *_O `QH UO K O k? W^ < H ~H" # OQ #=~O.
<# x# ~O_ =~= Ji<#. JO^ <# `y=O> kOK=!
1. XH" < H< =O^ < ~ =~}OK@O [iy`, J`x }= H
r"` < D JO`~=x = _HQk #O_ "=_O_ WH_ LO_QH!
2. <# x# `KH#C_ h ^~#QO < OKQH!
b^q H J~## qx, uH"`jeQ ~f^q, ''J> JQQH
Jx eH, =^ `~OQ== JO`~#=~Ok.

F Lù H~}O G 249
3. ^x ^ `#O
HKHO u~QyOk. P#Oê ~= +OK#@, ^x ^=
H$u x=#~O +OKyOk. XH<H ~A J`x ^ K`#= H;
s~=# (eOQ^=# H Ju"H ^=#) b#"#k.
Q$=^ =# =$`_# ~ uH ^ =# Kz b ZO` ~kOzOk. ~^#<
=_ ~A Q_K~. q~_`~ b `#_ Kz"x x~OKH#k.
JÒ` qÔ`, k`KO_ L# P b^qx Kz# PH"}Q ~f^q
Js~ "` :
''f! b! h" ^d<==? <# Wz# =~=# =~z" Uq\?
h ~H uH s~=# +=` H, *Q`Q LOK. J`xx h= `H
=~ O^`=. D s~O _H^. = "_=. W`_ =~ rqOz, x#
e_ . PH== x~"# \ W`x r"` h JO`~=#, h # =Ok~=#
q_z "^##k <# h Wz# =~= H^! Jx =$^=^~OQ eHOk.
b^q, P" |O^= Q=uQ ~f^q Js~ " q<~. T~@
O^~. b `# ~ uH ^=# +=` H LOzOk. P ~u JO^~
xîOz# `~"` P" ^#~} ~f^qx PxOzOk.

4. J^ WO\ kf $+ ^~#O
N ~ f^q : =`! h= ZO^ PxOK=? W^q\ ^d< =? D O~=O`
===x h è^? WÔ` =$Q`$+x [OQ q^ H^!
b : [Q<`! h ^= $t <# K# D #=~O HiOK.
J=! WC_ < ~ ^_ ZH_ L<_? Uq K<_? Z\ L<_? ##
J`x =^ fHx _^? J`_ O_ <# XO@iQ rqOK#.
N~f^q : a_! WC_ h= h H` J<H ^~*=` _# D OKuH
[Q`# K<= H^! Wk '`H= H 'H= JO\~. WO`H<
H;"#k z`H=. ^xx D H` K_=. J~` JO`H< _
HuH;"#, XH<H PH= L#k. J^ ''z^H=. P z^H=#O^
h~ H P` L#k. P z^H=# ^xOz, ^xx J#`"#~H<" ...
h= `H ^xx QOKQ=. Jq^=#=Q D OKuH ^$+ h`" LO_@O
250
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
K`< (Crystallised material outlook) h J#== (Range of Experiencing) OKuH
==~=# iq`=QK#k. D ^$=#=QK# =*=# ^xOK@
P z`H=# _ ^xOK@O =ê, z^H=< ^xOK=. JC_ JO`
h" Z~QQ=.
''<` ~= z^H", J# =## ^$_HiOz, P =# "tOK.

b : J=! D z`= H =~## Q=xOK~? Wk XH xq+ =^HO<
XHK\ #O_ =~HK\H ~Q fOk H^! J\ D z`= =Q<
HtOKK#^? H, nxx =~=~< ZH_#O_< x=HO K<~?
~f^q : ^. z`=# =Q HtOKQ, iOKQ, H ^ =!
=i D z`=# _ HtO*k, =iO*k Uk? z^H=, H, |"
nxx H tO * O k. z` = ` Q [_ " # k =` " . h= h K u x
H^K<=#H. 'K~ OQ H^^ H^! ^xx H^ K`#=iq 'h=.
J=== =Q [_" K`#=Q '`K OK#= x~iOK|_#@Q<,
[_=Q z`=# 'z`` Hj`"#~K#k. XH z^H= =`"
O K`#=O`=x QOK. J\ z^H= H H=< 'Oq` H
'*#= Jx JO@<O. J@ '=H=# W@ z``PH=#, HtO
Kk, P^~ `" # k _ z^H" =! z`= $` |Ò K`< h q~ ^
Y=, `k`~ ^Y= <~. z`=$`# i`lOz, z^H#==#
~==Qey#K, h= xOQ ~`H=Q | ^=# O^Q= _.
WO^ OÔ ^.
b : =`! WC_ ## D ^$ OK=, h= K#@ ZO`Q< qO*Ok.
ZO^K`? H~}"q\?
N~f^q : K# H^! h= =~ =~ OKuH ^$+x P~ :
''<# D uH s~=#! < ~Q '^_ J#Q =~H OKuH
^= ! < D s~=# D < ~Q '^_ J#|_"x s~=#
z~HO q` LO_QH! J##\ uH ""= hÒ KH=@O
[iyOk. H=OQ D ^$=@ 'Wk `= J# ~=Q ``|k U~_
LO_@O K`< , <_ D ^# =#, ^Y=# J#q < =. D z`= $` # i`lOz,
JC_ +OzO_^x< qOKK<=#H ... hH ^#`= Oz LO_^
H^. JC_ =`" D ^$= H J=`= ^_Q^. J\ `` *#=
F Lù H~}O G 251
... `` #== aOK@O H+`~"#^#=@ x[". Hx h= < ~=H^!

< ^= K`# , <# KC #k '|k` Q OK@OK`, ~ " # |kx P~OK@OK`
J\ '`` ^$+x Ò_ O^`=. '`~} J~#\ < =@ J`"
J=`~? JO^K` W\HC_ O^=h [~Oz '`` ^$+x P~OK.
W@ eH P "Q} JO`~#"#k.

W\" J~#\ J<H "H= =}#O^H~=Q kOK@K b^q

L^k`~, J<OQ, J= O_ xiH=kx P~Oz#k.
N~=_ : =s! H=`Q ~f^q U q^"# *#=K? `# ~Q
bO^ P`^$+x sHiOKQeyOk?
N =+=i : q#.
JO`H~}=` _Hx# D â=#O O[~= = JÒ`
^~^"#^. J~` `j_ D O[~=# Ò_ kOz"Q_. '"}
H =~ÔK`, ^~# QOK` L`l`~, P b^q Q\ #O_ Zy~
HQ â=#= =êOk. z`H=# _ JkQqOz#k. z^H=#O^
'`~} J~ "tOzOk. P z^H=#O^ `=K `# ~ H~
"`@ ~OaOzOk. J\ z^H=# XH<HK@ ^_ HxOK_. J`_ XH
~[O#= P#_ L<_. P =O`, =, xH[#O, [
P P#= i"+O z L<~. O<~_ _ L# P ^ _ U"" ~KH~=
x~i<_. P `~" L# ^~O=^ Pj# L# |+, =#,
q ''[-[-^= JO@ P ^x Pj~k<~. ^H} ^~O"# J<H
=Ok ~A, =~A Pj# L<~. L`~^~O"Q L# q Ô
Q], U#Q ÔY LO_ L<~. t= ^~O" J<H=Ok =`
~x L<~. WO^x WO^x=, PH=# KO^x= ... ~*k~A,
KH=i J~# P ^ _ J<H= Ok` O+ , J<H ~KH~=# <~" ~ < _.
WO` XH $`_ ZH_#O_ ~Q~Q#=z P "tOK_. ~A#
qOz ''=~*! q [=QQH! ^H}^=x `~A JH`Q
=# =[= Ô_u=K_ ... Jx K ^q+ KQ_. J@
J`_ KCKO_Q< =~H $`_ =~A=^ =z ''=~*! W|Ok
Hey#O^ HqOKO_. XH\ =#^q`_ H~@H~A `~" ~[=#
PHqOK\xH Ô_u =<_. D PHH i}==# =# #O iQ
252
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
#^" ^. D q+" =zOK^~ QH! Jx eH T~<_. J>
=iHO`=Ok $` P i^~A Ô_` O|OkOz# ^"~
`K~. P ~[=# XHi J<H=Ok `~A J<H" #O_ K@=\#@
è=zOk. JO`=~ O`=Q L# P ~}Q}^#, =K#
~O=~. =O`, =O`~A =~A# qOK~. ^q+"
=O`< yOKQ~.

PH~} (Js~ ~}) Q b^q J\ =O "O

KOk. P" OKi#\H JH_"~ P"# K_H~. OH=x
#Q~=# `HOQ (*Q`) K_#@, XHx OH= ^ =x =
*=# P H< L# =~H~ K_*#@, JH_ "~=iH P" H#|_@O ^.
b XHi JO` HKOk. ZO` P~O! JH_O` P" W`
~ $`, =O`, =O` HxOK~. "~O` `= ~[ uk#=
HxOK a. ''= ~[ JH_ #O_ WH_H fHx~|_O^ Uq? ... Jx
P" JxOKyOk. JO^~ =#\ "~. "i PK~} _ =#\ Q<
L#k. P iKiH, P =O`, P O_`, P =, P ` WH_ _
HxOK~. `= ~[= Q< WH_ _ Q, k, ~KO^, PH=,
" =, "= Hx < ~. J\"
Q =$H= , #^, ~ `=, #Q~= ,
Q==, J_= _ WH_ LO_@O Q=xOzOk.
=~ JO` Jx" P b OKiOzOk. JO^~ =#\ qÔQ
L<~. Hx, O#O q^ P#_# ^ _ =Ò W`~== JO`\ =êQ
_. J`_ HO` =^=_ LO_@O HxOzOk. ''Wk Uq\? = @}Ox
"~O` =~}O K~? H `, "~ WH_\ L<~? Wk ZO`\ ^YH~" # q+ O!
Jx P~KH`~ zOK yOk.

W@ P" zOuOKKO_Q, ~f^q J#QOK` P" ''=k OQO

J~#k. P" x^#O_ "Oz#@ z~x K@ KzOk. `# ^suQ
`# JO`~O< L#@ Q=xOzOk. `# K@ iKiH =#\= < xk< ~.
''F iKi~! x^=O_. WC_ < =#O` ZO` qÔQ L#k.
=# x =O`, =O`, `k`~ a J< =~}O z#@ < JxOk.
W\HC_ # ="~KO_. O#O Jk~#. O^~
F Lù H~}O G 253
^suQ L<~ ... =Oz^. JO^~ =~}OK~ ... WH <#=Ò LO_ K^

=O@Ok? <# _ =~}#. O_. ~Qf =O` # =`~K
=#kQ < P[# è*O_.
iKiH P~~. P J~~u ="==@"q\? J~< K^
=#k? =~l P[ H^! ~Q~Q# "o D q+O =O`, ~"
èK~. P H}O b^q } H_H=@" JH_ ~[# `H}
H~="#k. JH_ ~[#, $` ="=# ^"<~. '_C"`
^~ ="O QiOz #Q~=O` è* |_Ok. HO^~ "tOz
="= # JO` Ô K~. H} ~[# "t Oz Lz`#=
Pj#<~. =O`, =O` P#= PHqOz L<~. WO` b^q
<^ =yOKHx, "t Oz, O#O Jk+O zOk. O ` HeKzOk!
ZO` P~O! JH_ ~[#, , Q~=, |O^[#O, ` Z\Q<
L<~. JO` ^`ÔQ< L#k. b^q LOu OkOk. JO^~
rqOz L#O^ O`+_ K, XHi ^ x O#O " KzOk. XH =~A
=Ò JH_ _. O#O ~ L#k. J`x uHÔ (qQ`r=_) JO`
~O< L#kH^! JC_ b^q # L^t Oz ''F a ~! < z`= =~A
qQOK iOK~#O` ^Y= Ok#k. ^xx HO` q<kOK< LÔ`
D ="= U~~K#. q JOîH W\HC_ WO` =~z#O^ ##
HqOKO_ Jx eH, JH_#O_ zOk. i[#O "O@~Q, JO`~=# #_
"oOk. `# ~ ^x uH s~x qOzOk. P ^= ` H|_, Z\
> L#k. P Qk< XHK@ KuH_ ~x W@ zOKyOk.
''P! D = ZO`\ qz`"#k! D a, `k`~ < ~ H uH
^= L#K@D #Q~OL#>, z^HO _ J`x H;^= "O@#O\
L<~? WH_ L# HO_, =#= "^# =~ ==~=O` _ ... JH_
J> L#^? JÔ uaOaOK HO_ =# _ L#@, z^H=#O^
" _ $+ XH f~Q H#|_Òk. J~`, <# Kz# D ~O_ ^$=
Uk "=O? Uk Ou? D H#|_k "==? z^H=# <# Kz# =^
=_Q < ~ '~[=[ "==? D ~O_O\ ~=iH"#^k? D
q+O <# < |k` QOK#. JO^K` < P~^^=`Q '"Qq< J_y
`HO\#.
W@ J#Hx b^q UHQ`` ~f [Q<`# ^xOzOk. `# ~e
254
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
# JO^Hx, =i ~^ i} [Q<`, ^~ #qzOk. =H ~}
Q
"}^q x =~ O#O Jk~O* , b^q L`= `=` P#OkOK O k.

5. WH_ Uk Ò? Uk JÒ?

b : ^g! ~"s! h= '$ k O^ Oz# =~^ (System) q+O <
K O^ =<~. "\ QiOz t#. è~z < @ h# ^#
OK~ =`!
D '[Q ` J#|_ #k PH = H O > _ J` O` x~ " # k H ^ !
H\ [#= q~ O _ q~[ Q` ^$ JÒ` "# ^. "^ ="H=
D [Q`# ''*u~=, H;=, j`= "^# q+}=` =iOz
KC K<~. Wk ''Q_ O_< zÒ L#@ ... x~=~}"# ^x= H#|_Òk.
WO^ 'PH=, q, k, H= ... "^# J<H q H#|_K<~.
D [Q` Jx\x HtO KOk. nxx HtO*# =~H\ ZH_< U^<
L#^? ^< <# J#HO@<#. ==h WO^< uaOaOz, qb#O
J~`<~. D uH$+ H#|_K#k ''z^= J# ^~}=#O^ H^!
WC_ < Hey# O^"q\ K`#. D |@ H#|_ =*=
"==? H WÔ` uaOa# ''z^= (The absolute consciousness in which
phenomenal universe is reflected.) " = =? D [Q ` ` =? nxx ^ i Oz
J#==# O^K# '<# J#|_#k `=? D ~O_O\ H$u="#^k?

JH$u="#^k? D $+`` =O` U^< =~H^x L#^? LO> P =~H\
WOHO^ L#k?
h P[# J#iOz <# H;=# `lOz z^HO "tOK#. P
z^HO XH<HK@ < ~ ^_ XH q~"# =[=# =~*
LO_@O KK#. J`x W\ =O`, W\ [ < QKiOK~. P
z^H= < HxOz# ^$= "==? WH_ =""# "==?
D h ## "k<~. zQ~\ H#= < =# KOK=QK#k.
# ~}
Q h= WC_ Uk kOK#HO>, Jk kOK"_ H#K<#.

Q_ XH<H z`= (painting) zuOK@O =#O K LO\O. J~` b^q D [Q`#
''Q_ O_< zÒ H#|_qÔQ (Painting without canvas or wall) K#k.
F Lù H~}O G 255
N ~ f^q : f! h JÒ` K=`~OQ L<~. D $+ Uk H$u="# k?

JH$u="#^k? ~! W\ =~ h `z# ^xx|\ Uk "==#HO@<",
Uk J"==#HO@<" KC? h J~"#^q\ K`, ^xx J#iOz, h
J~= H=#^q\ q=~OQ `H K`#.
b : ~! <# Uk "==x J#HO@<< K`#. < WÔ` Z@ JxO^,
J~=Ò^ K`#.
WC_ WH_ h=<# LO_ O+OKHO@<= H^! Wk JH$u= ~=
H "= "# '$+ . < ~ ^ _ z^H=#O^ LO_ # q^#= 'H$u=~=
H He` `"# $+ Jx q< #. ZO^HO\"? =x J#= OQ
Jk #"#^ H^! ^H= (Space & time) ^$ Jk, ''WH_ PH= W@
WC_ L#k J# qÔQ aOK@O ^ H^! WC_ =x^~O #K# D
^$= ^H= iKÔ HeyO_@K Wk "==x J#HO@<#. (As
this is available for factors of time and distance, this looks to me as true).
N ~f^q : h= JO@#@ WH_ Hx# D $+ JH$u="#^< J#HOÔ.

JH$u= $+ #O_ H$u=$+ Z\ L`#=Òk? U^< XH<H H~}= (cause)
#O_, P H~}=# O|OÔx q*f"# H~= (Entirely different type of
"EFFECT") L`#= H^ H^! JO^K` ''D $+ JH$u=O Jx J#HO> WO^
^~*=O` JH$u="#^ J~=O_e. D $+ #O_ |î# h= K_@O

[iy#\ 'z^H=x h ~ ~[O _ JH$u=" J~=O_e. WH_, JH_
_ h J#=O XH f~Q H#Q` L#k H^!
b : =`! ''XH H~}= #O_, P H~}=# U=Ò O|OÔx H~=
L`#=`~ Jx J#\xH J<H ^$O` =#H OKO =`<~.
L^~} =\ =Ozh~ x= LOK=. Hx P =\` `~# O_ h~
x= LOKQO H^!
N ~f^q : Hi H~}O #O_ HQ H~= =YH~}O HO> HOKO
q*f" H#|_@" h ^$O`=x ''=\O_ K<O. =\ O_Q
PH~= O^@ JO^ H~}=QK#k.
H~}= Main Cause HiH~}= Supportive Cause
WC_ h ~ q+xH =^=. J`_ WH_ XHf~Q, JH_ =~H f~Q
LO_\xH `y#O` H~}"^< L#^?
256
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
XH q+O h= =O^Q ^$+ @H. D $kq "^# OK`=
h ~ H $+H H~}=x J#HO@<"? ^. WC_ h ~ WH_ [xOz
JH_H "_O\"? J D =O_=O` ZH_ L#k? P =O_O ZH_#k?
W^ JH_H "o LO@OÔ\"? XH" Wk JH_ "H` W\^ J~# $+ JH_
ZO^ OqOk?
""xH h ~ D |O_OQx, J`xK J#qOK|_K# P $+ Qx
@H Hi H~}=O@ U^< L#^? ^! J# () H~}=O@ Un
O_ U^< OqO> J^xH J`x ~ $+Oê H=H~"#
H~}=QK<? PzOz KC?
b^q : h= K#@, ''< ~ J Z@ $+OK|__? J# ''J`x W`
~ [#Oê *#" H~}= J##k =^# =QK#^x <# J#O@<#.
J\ '[<O`~*#= (The knowledge gained in past lives & Carried forward in thier life)
=$k KO^KO_Q, J^ D $+H H~}=QK#^x < `KK#k.
N ~f^q : JO>, h= ''$+H $u H~}= J##\ "HxH =<=. h
D JaO H~O ''D r=_ [ H *H= ~=Q Q"_ =`"
Jx H^! J~` '*H= J##k J#== L# `~"` ~O=Òk H^!
J\ J#== HO> =O^ J#=A_ LO_ LO_e H^! [ Z=iH HQÒ^
J`_ =O^Q LO><, J`xO^ J#== ~zOK|_Q=. H#H 'r=_
J#Q '*H= Jx Qx, 'O~= JxQx J#@O =Q"# =^#O
H^. D 'O~= J#|_#q "Ô@ J^#O K Jq '# ~=
Jx è=<~. "\ ~= PH". J\ O~= PH~" J~
LO_@OK, ^x #O_ Hey# $+ _ 'PH=" Jx QOK.
b^q : =`! WC_ hK` kO|_@OK XH<H #`# q+ O `HO@<#.
<~H ''z^H$+ .... $u { T [x`" H^! Jk PH~".
#". JO^K` WH_ WC_ <K` QOK|_K# $+ _ #K# ^$O`=
H~O PH~"#x JxOk. D ~*^, < ~` Q O|O^=, D
J#== ... W=h _ PH== #~=, OH=`= (H)
T=`= J~=<~.
N~f^q : =f! WC_ h= ~~# J=Q#H =<=. h ~ H
z^H$+ J`x T=`"! Jk J`-J"=O J~#>, ^$=#=QK#
D $+ _ J`J"=". *#=O K` "= WÔ` J> îOKK<=.
h= _ Wk QOK.
F Lù H~}O G 257
b : [Q[#h! h= `~~=. JÒ H\ "? ^. Hx, < U^

= WOH `y^. JO^K` <~H =`H"# z^H$+ Z
OqOzO^ ... P sux < q=iOK. Jk q#@OK` < D = `yQ^<
<# q<#.
N ~f^q : W`~ $u#O_ ==, 'H x =~H 'H = ....
D D $+ h Ht< ~. H#H '$+ J#|_Ô ` ^+
H OH$` O|O^" #
O~=` _# T~O ~ ^~ #O =`" ! D q+ O WOH + _ \ xH
XH z`"# O@# QiOz K`#, q#.

6. W`~ $+ } Ô`
N ~f^q : z^H=#, XH =~= XH O~=O_= L#k. P
O~=O_= OK` qQ=Q ''PH= J< QA` H|_=#k. P
=O_= H O= =O\"~. ^=` JO^ KH|_# =,
^<Q H JO^Q Q^. P QÔ^ P= D= @=
J<H=Ok } L<~. ''*u (|^=_) JO^ x=OK }_.
~Q `#Q\ `< z#@, JO^Q J<H } (H r=) `=
P` H@H# Q\ `" zHx<~. 'PH= J##k P =O_=
\ # |A= HxOk. PHO OKiOK ^ P WO\ ~^K ^=,
H=, #Q~= JOê 'O_ =O\q. J\ =O_O XHK@ 'yi J#
~Q XH Q== L#k. P yi Q=O Q XH Q$=#O^ =+_ J#
~Q XH }_ x= LO_"_. J`_ u_, "^= K|_#
x+#, qkq^#=# J#iOz#"_, ~ ` HO "|KK<_.
~Q#_, ~`_, O`z`_ ^~~}_, "x~`_, Q$==#
x~iOKK<_. J`x ~, q`=, =, q^, "==, `= ^$
=+=i =O\"_ J~#\H ... J`# WH =OA ~`= =OK
i =O_ O|Ok`_Q =+=i H^. J`x~ ~ _ J~Oû.
WH ^~=Q =+x ^~u 'J~Oû r=#H. Hx D" q+O J\k
H^. (J#Q P Ô` "~. g~ "~.)
P }_ `# ~ JH$u="# = ~= i LO_"_. J`x
O~=O` P" J~=O_k.
258
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
P }_ XH ~A XH ~`= Q 'zH| #O^ Pj#_ XO@iQ
H$ u O^~ =#, O``# J#q < _. JC_ XH<H ~A `# i"~=#
"O@@Hx "@q<^=# PkOKK P HO_ HO^ Q @"O@ ~=@O
[iyOk. =# }_ P O~O=O` Q=xOKK `# JO`~OQ=# W@
=zOKQ_. ''P! D ~A ZO`\ "== J#qOKK<_! D Q],
D U#Q, D =, D <s[#O! W=h <#_ Ok` ZO`Q! <#_
Z\H< WO`\ "=O J#q<?
P ~A#O_ J`_ W> zO`#KQ_. J\ J#H}HOQ 'zO`# K< `#
^#OkH H~# ^qkQ x~i L<_. HH=OQ =e"__. XH
~A J`x ~ ''J! D < ~ WH ZO`HO rqOK#> L#^? Jx J#H#k.
=~} ~`=<k JO==x P" Q `. P" `# H`` ##
#~ex KHx, ''J=! D < ~ XH " qk=` =~} J`x r==
<# _ < D Q$=#O_ |@ "O_#@ nqOK Jx ## =~O
H~#k. <# J> =~O kOK#.
HO`HxH P }_ =~}OK_. J~`, J`x r=K`#= r= "<
=O K` P WO\< x=OKyOk. J`_ P Q$H= #O^ `# H<|O
K` ~=H O#_Q ~A J_. `# ` ` =H=# [~Oz
eOKQ_. J`_ ^= kH, G= P^~", K H=$H",
kA P", ^~=# P"" ~[#O K =<_. KK" a_!
P }_ `# OKuH s~=# i`lOz ... P Q$H=#O^ z`H
==Q s~=# ê q~"# ~[## J#qOKK<_.
J`x ~ qQ`r=_# `# ~ s~=# Kz JÒ` ^Y=# OkOk.
Hk =O ZO`Q< ^dOzOk. JC_" Hi~, `# ^ =# i`lOz
`#_ Ju"H ^= (H z`H=)# P~Oz `# ~ =^ "o#k.
JH_ P" `# ~` O`+OQ HO Q_yOk. Jk P" H~#@ P }
Q$O< U~_ H#QÒk.

F b^g! P }Ô` =~}Oz <\ H P yi Q=O Zxqk ~A

Q_z Ok. "i^~ `= ^ =# i`lOK~ H^! "i Wi=i uH s~=
P yi Q=O P WO\H qO Y##O K|_~. JH_, "i =
'~K~ P, ^#~`, Q$^ W\H J> L<~.
F Lù H~}O G 259
F uH! P } Ô` H^ JO` K# H^! WC_ q#. P }_

h ~Q '^_ ... J`_ WC_ z^H=#O^ h= Kz#~[=#
Ok # K<_. h" P 'J~Oû J#|_ } uq. JC_ P yi
Q=O qi^~ ~f ~"~= } Ô`Q KHO LO_
L<~. WC_ P h" WH_ h ~ H qQ=# Ok#^#", q~=
J#q, D ~[=# eOK K<=.
''W`~ $+, W\$+, WH=O^$+ = =`"#x
K#H^! |H" (H ^ K` # ") = =# r= ~=# Q OKK#k.
= =#< z^H=#O^ = uaOaOk. Uk `", Uk q^
J#u~HOQ +_` .... JC_H_ WH qyk Uq LO_^. JO^K`
h= Uk =`" KHQ QOK\xH uOK. JC_, ''D $+ `Q
^. <# <H H OH<|OK`, H## P~OK@OK x^xH
J`=# kOKK<#. J@ Oz# J`=# =~ J#qOKK#k
<< .... J##\ PÒuH"#\ ''$+ H=O ^$+ =`" J< J=Q# HQQ^.

7. *H
~f =` K#Ô` qx b^q =~=~ z JÒ` P~O
OkOk. Hk =#O =OzOk.
b : ^g! h HO` JO^~=Q L#@ < |kH Jx<~. P
}_ XH z#Q$O =~}Oz LO_@"q\? "= WH_ LO_@"q\?
"" P } Ô` " LO_ Zxqk ~A HÒ =`" =~}O zO_@=<k
ZO`\ K=`~O! | q~"# = D ~[= P } Q$= Wq_ LO_
L#Ô\"? WC_ < ~ ~ H=# L<_ H^! JH_ =~[=, q~" #
=, ~`=, k D z# Qk Z\ W=_`~? =kOz# XH ^
U#Q P=yO[ Wq_^\? XH zH O= QO#, J@=O\ K zH
QO# XH ^= qOQQ"? ''XH `"^ S^ H}= XH "~~`=#
#qe r~O KH#k J#@<~ h =@. < O K# "=
OkOz <# xk# Qk "Q <= <@O K? F ~s! W=h
JO="#> P q=#O $kg ~` LO_@O JO==x <# J#HO@
<#. J=! =_~, J*xQ <=O\ a_ U^ èèH tOz
260
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
#\H =`~=, [Q`H =`= J~#\ h HO =O^? ^. <
z`k OK qÔQ h= L#`= L#@ < q^~K =#^x ~#
K<#.
N ~f^q : uH! b^q! D = H ~==# QOz,
nxH= u+`"# "= h P~_O. <# Un JÒ K@O^
=! ''[# J|^= K ~^ J# x==# H=# kOz#k ` ~
=Q "" H^! "" P x==# LO WH L`= PK~=# eOK
"~=~O\~? H#H <# KCK#Ô` "="#x QOK. P }x r"`
JH_ Q$HO PH~=# Ok J\ 'PH~=< q~[Q`=
QOKK#k.
b^q : J~` =i ''< ~, < ~, < `, = Q$= .... =O\
$`h U=~?
N ~f^q : ~u" = QOKK#C_, U~_# ''< ~ < ~
< ` < Q$= ... J##=h x^~ #Oz =Q< U"`<
KC? =O P=x ^~=, O@#, = '`= =
`KK, *Q` ==~=O` J`==, J`= x^x= J#==Òk.
J^qÔQ, D *Q` =z#C_ (x^~z#_) =x ==~=O`
==ÒQ, J"=OQ `KK#k. Hx D *Q` ==~= =Ò
*Q` =O h`" `"#^x= J#qOK|_Òk.
^+
H"# H# / =#

*Q` = + / Q_x^

^$= ^$= =#=

=O D *Q` $` O_ (J"=") LO@#>. *Q`
=O $` J"==Q, J`= xqQ qye `<~ H^!
J^qÔQ ''"= qÔ`" LO_ LO\q H^! J# q+*#O D
''~A~l [# q OK@O ^. Jk ''`=ÒQ, =Q =#
HeyO_@ JO^ H~}O. u }H ~ [<#=O W> LO@#k.
F Lù H~}O G 261
J, P =@ = .... ''"= q Ô`= J##k Le~= XH<H

`" H^! J<H H~@= h~ =`" `" #@, q W~=i
O^, <O^, ~O^ Q ''z^` =`" `=.
1. XH_ `# = [##, ^~=# îOK@O.
2. =~H_ `# OH OK=O^ '#Q~= "^#q O^@O.
3. Z_i [== H~}OQ h\ H=# (ZO_==#) QOK@O.
4. P }_ Q$HO =#~`^` _# $kqx K_@O.
W=h XH f~Q q+ J~=<~. XH z# JÔ ^= = , q"#
^$= H#|_@O^? Hx P H#|_#k J=" J~=#k H^! J^qÔQ
H;"# JO`H~}=# uaOaOK q[Q` _ q^. JO^ H#|_
$kq "^#q _ q^. J=h `~=Q 'z^H= H - [O
'uaO =O\ uaO| K=`~= =`".
nxx|\ h= QOK=#^q\?
''x~H~=Q ~|=# J`=Q D $+ `"#^x=
u`=QK#k Jx F b^g! [Q`#O^ WO`qOz "==Q `=O@
Un^. ~ $Ô`~`"#\, 'z^` H J#=" ... P~=`=Q
D [Q`#O^ uaOaOk. Z_ix ZO_== h~H_k? =<=ÒK
U~_# $u #O_ H^ O@#= [xOK D ''$kq, J#==, O@#,
O|O^= .... "^#=h `"\ J=`~? D h Q$=, D Q$H=#
L# h=, <#, `k`~=Q == .... W=h z^H" Qx, =iOHq J~
LO_^. J~`, pH\ L# ^xx K_\xH nO Hi#@, W=h =#,
''D [Q` H q^Ò J~O KH=\xH =}Q, ^$O`Q
Hi<~.

''yi Q=O Q P WO\x z^H=#O^ P q_ L<_. P Q$HO<

=^=` Q_# $kq _ L#k. F uH! XH `~}= (~=}=)
J<H [Q` == J#= O HQ=. WH P qQ$ O #Q~= , L=#=
"^# q Wq_ LO_@O P~"=#k? 'H# J#^xH JO`H _? J_= O@Ok?
'z# ~= }= J~#\ ~ '=#< ~ [QÒ ` LO_=#^x h= ZQ"?
Wk JÒ` =#"# q+". nxx QiOz h= ~O`Q OH<"q\?

262
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
8. H H#
b^q : F ~"s! WÔ` Q< L#k. Hx P =+ <=^_Q }_
=~}Oz W\H Zxqk ~A =`" J~#^x J<= H^! <#< ~ WK@
D ~[O e D JO`~O J<H ^ O=`~= Q_"! W^\ Ô?
D q+O =iHO` < +O K~.
N ~f^q : ''D = WH_ L#k J# =@ P i^ =# ^$+
@Hx =`" J#QO. JO`Hx =# Oxi`"# <=~` ZH_
L<~? '^= J#|_^x q+= _ JO`. ''Wk D ~Q ^=, nx
i^ Wq. nx P= P ^=#k J# H# K`< ^= H LxH
J#==Òk. JO`Hx, ^=# `` ZH_ L#k? J^qÔQ ''H=
J#^xH _ `^ xs`"# H` ^x QOK. (Time and distance are
relatively experienced. They do not have form and existence if relativity is removed or dropped).
''D '[Q`$+ JO` |= #O^ îOK|_K#k .... Jx J#H<=

H^! J^ qÔQ ''H}=H= .... J##\ H<==Q H= _
''|= #O^ JÔ|_K#k. J#Q .... ''H}=, O=`~=, Q=,
H=, u=#=, h=, <# .... =#Q ==h ~=`H u
J~=<~. Jk Z\ K`#. q#.

9. q^" H~O
D r=_ H}HO q^"=# _, `# W`~ q+=h =~z,
''J#^ QOKK<_. Jk uH ^$+K '=~H [# = `KK#k. O
"tOKK#C_ '*Q$`# H}O `l<_ H^! Wk _ J\^.
s~=# P~#C_ _ W`_ z^H=#O^ z^H" ~=Q
Hey#"_ LO@<_. J~`, =|^_ L#C_ J`x =~O~ W@
LO@<~.
''<# D OKùH"# =u P^~_<#. Wk < ~=. D
K`H` _Hx# s~= <k. <# D s~=# xO_ L<# Hx,
=iOHH_ #. D Ò_H H_H<#. H=OQ < WO` = Q_z~#k.
D |O^= JO^~ < ". D JO^"# W <k. <# \# `~"` =
F Lù H~}O G 263
Q_#. WC_ =_##. Jk _ Q_z~, WC_ =$^_##.

< |O^q` Wk=~H\ Q< L<~.
KK" b? W\ =~H"# *#=O` =z_Òk. J~` J\ *#=
H H~}=, Jk#= (cause and substratum) _ z^H" =! JO^K`
D ^+ ^$=, J#=A_ J#== (Experiencer - Experiences) J##q
z`== Hx, "~q H=. z^H= (Zone of Consciousness / Awareness)
HO_ WH_Qx, =~H_Qx =iOHn <^.
D r=xH "= ~= 'z`H . ~ " Q z`H
''<# r=_#
J# ~=Q =# QOKK#k. D ^$= ^~#= ~=O`
Jk. JO^K`< J`=Q D H=h `== H#|_K<~.
h\HH~@= ^"=#k KC? WH~H = ^"q
LO_^. WH= _ W`~=# ~H" H^! J '^|k J##k
=#O_ HQK#k. ''[Q` == J##k =H i}=". J#Q,
'[Q` J#|_^xH J`" ^. =# P~Oz#k "="\ J=Òk?
P H~}OQ ''D [Q` @H xk Jx K|_Ok. @H #C_ D ^$
[Q^`=# #tOK@O =Ò ZH_ LO@Ok?

F b! D u`=QK#Ô`, H, =#K [Q`Q K_|_ K#Ô`

''z` (consciousness) HH =~H>n H^ =! WÔ` ~^ PH~".
^$=h D z`#O^ P~OK|_K<~. XH_ pH\ "euiy _#
`_# Kz '= Jx qOK@O Z\^ D [Q^$= _ J\k =`".
ZO^HO\"? D ^$= ^+ H# "~# '` <^. '`~OQ= Jx =#O
KC<Ô` [= J~=#k H^! P~`=`"# D $+ (Superimposed one)
_ z^H= HO> "~qH^. ''h\ #O_ `~OQ= "~#"? Jx Z=~
q=iOz sH~ "iH ''`~OQ== q^ Jx è=KK#k. J^qÔQ
*#^$+` D ~= sHOz#"iH =`" ''z^H=# "~Q $+ ^ Jx
è=KK#k. XH" "~ $+ H#|_Ò>, Jk ''JqK~}, =uiH" # J=
K` =`". JO^K` f! z^H" HOK` [Q^H~=Q H#|_K#^x
QOK. D qÔQ '^$^~= J##^ q^ (xk) H|\, ''^+ ^$^
... J##q _ q^.

264
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
10. ''=~}= O^@O J#Q?
D } (H r=_) '=~}= J##k O^@O =#O K< L<= H^!
J\ =O #tOKK#^q\? D s~= =`" <K#k. J<H
==, P~, Ja=, HiH, Ja~K, L|@= "^#=h
`# ~=Q Q ''H;^= (Pu"H s~= H Subtle body) ^`ÔQ
LO_< LO@Ok. JO^ ^$O`= Q_x ^ . Q_x ^=O =<Q`" # Ô`
JH\ ÒQ#, [_OQ# LO\Ok. JO`Qx, O_ =@^ H^!
J\ H; s~= L#O`=~ "= ZH_H ^. Jk =~=~ =z
_`< LO@Ok. "= qHOKQ< =~ ^$=# KOk# J#==
=ÔQ < LO@Ok. J#Q, J^= uaO|= Q PÒ^
[Q` u`= `< LO@Ok. J~` ^$=x =~ K~ , Jk uaOaOK
J^=# U=Ò O|OkOz LO_^ H^! PÒ^ u`= [Q^#==
P` U=Ò =~K~ HeOK@O ^x QOK.
r= K`#= H; ^= s~= :
J`x r=K`#=# (H ^~=#) '=$`= J##k LO_^.
J#Q =##" ~=Q Qey#\ H;^ = Z=i H~ $`" #^ J\ 'z^`
@HO_=. D r=x "= ~= J\ z^`Qx, D H;^=
H= =! '=$`= J##k OKuH ^=# =`" iq`=. JÔ
uaO|=Q J`x K`#= #O^ uaOaOKÔ` .... s~= L#C_
#C_ _ .... WO`=O^\ $u H *#=# J#iOK LO\Ok.
J#Q, =~ s~= îOz# D r=_ `# WO` =O^ QOz# ''H=
P~O= H== [Q` è Ò_ = *#= |O^=
$` `= #= H= "^#"\x z^H= #O^
QOKK<_. J@ Z~Q@ J`x =O. ''<# [xOK#. g~ < èÔ_.
WC_ <# _# J##Ô` ~ $u |OK`< HQÒk. H=OQ
^H= ^_ U~_Òk. = #O_ H O_ Q J=h
~kÔ@<~.
J\ =O J`_ 'XH H}O 'H= JO`\ H=# _
J#qOKQ_. ''HO n~H= H J#=O .... J#^xH J<H
^$O` =# a<~. 'iO^_ J# XH =~A XH~u O_O_
O=`~= H=# J#qOz<_. XH_ JÒ` q~=` ^
F Lù H~}O G 265
_K#C_ XH~A HO JÒ` n~OQ J#===` LO@Ok H^! Q

PHeK ^_"xH P [_H~= P~^~= QKi LO\~. D
r=K`#=# _, ''<# [xOK#. =~}OK#. < è, < Ò_, < |O^=
J##\ |k HQK#k. WH J`_ JC_ ##= [#==# î_ .
q` L`=OQ LO@Ok. =OK# O= Òk. D |k H H# JO`
ZH_k? J~"=#k?

Wk W@O_Q, =~H q+O K`# q#. qiyO[ 'H~O @

JQ_O_< LO@Ok. XH tO^ t= KH|_H~# =O _
''t`= LO_ LO@Ok. te P tO^ t= KK#C_ @#O_ Un
`z JO^ LOK@ ^H^? ''= ="#\ D [Q` L#k ZH_? J<
=^#O q# :
''=`H=Q D ^$[QÒ` =~H_ ^. WÔ` [#~`_, x`_
J~#\ P ~=~+x P~OKH< L#k. JO`Hx nxH H"# '` ^.
D r=_ `Q P ~=~+_ ~^ J~=<_?

11. WÔ` H H#!

F b! ^Q qO@<= H^! WO^ ... u~A, uH}O, u XHiH
J#==QKO_ XH z# ^$O`= h J=Q# H~ K`#, q#.
''H =#C_ U ~= H#OK=. Hx, H ìz Kz#C_ ...
<<q^ ~= Hx~ H^! J^qÔQ ^+O^ '*#^$+ |=`~"#C_,
''<< ~=Q HxOK=h <<q^= H= J##\ JO`~`"# ^$+ H
J=Q# Ò_ ^". J*# ^$+H =Ò W=h iQ =~H qÔQ
J#==`<~.
D r=_ =$u Ok# "O@< (s~= <e# "O@<) J`xH JOMH=Q
^$[Q` Hx<~. D k, H=, PH=, ^~=, H~ .... W=h
H O` = =~ ~ = Q LO_ = = =! W=h z^H = <
@=`<~. z^H=# PÔ` ZH_? H# L#O`=~ [Q^ =~=
LO@Ok. H# `y` Uq LO_^ . H# #\ u < ''HO`= Jx < =.
266
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
' $u (*H=) J#^x#O_ L^q# D '~}= J##k JÒ`
qz`"#k. O ... JO`=O^ J#Hxq, K_xq, H~xq _ ~}
=~ H^! J^qÔQ D r=_ JO`=O^ QOK#\, X#~#\ q+=
_ =~}#O`~O ~} =<~. J~` D ~} JO` J`x JO`~OQ=#
Q O~=# "~ Q LO_#k H^. =#K HeOK|_ QOK|_ T#Q~= #
==O@ Un #>, D OuH _ ==O@ Un ^. WÔ` "e
LO_k z^H=#O^ H^! Ou ~ $ux P^~OQ KHx, ''Wk [Q`
Wk $+, 'Wk ^~= Wk ^Q~, 'Wk H}= Wk Q=, 'Wk = Wk
n~= J# ~=Q =O^=O^ =h HeOKH#K#k.
'z^= XH> H~}~`"#k. `k`~=h H# H ="
J~=#k. P H# H~}O z^". O H#|_ ==, = Uq
J~=<~? JH_ J# `=Ô` $u H H# H^! Ò_= L#"xx
Kz#C_ Ò_ Q~ =z#@. P #`# == `~ _ # C_ JO`~O Q=#
#`<#== L^qOz |~Ò J=`<~. W@ [ ~O_ q^Q =iOk.
1. $u 2. O~=
D ~O_ _, xtÒQ, ijeOz#C_, ''D ~O_ z^H= HO> "~
H^ Jx è=KK#k.
$u =H :
F b! OH==Q D O~=O` _ $+HO q^` (H
'|^=_ H '=+ $+H ~ ) H H# O^ Wq_=#k. P `~ "` =QK
H==Q D q~"# ~=# ^K#k. HO^~ D [Q^$=# XH<H
"#^x= QOKK<~. =iHO^~ WÔ` `= $uO^ J#==`"
LO_ LO_@# Q=xOKK<~. =iHOîH HH`mOQ ~}O_< Wk
J#==# =Ok.
D O~==~O D qÔQ ' $u K`< x~zOK|_K, $uH JO^x^
=iOk H^! J~` *# ''=H J#|_ =~H ux =#OîH uk<~.
'=H JO> Uq\? D O~= O~= Q qiOK|_@ =! ''D O~=
#O^ < H~ `y#k Qx, x~HiOK `y#kQx Un ^ J##\ == ~ = Q
O_> ''=H. D 'JO J# *#= ^xx J#iOz# ^$ [Q`
J"<Ok#C_ =`" '=H J##k ^_Q^. ''JO^$=
JOwHiOK|_#O`HO D [#H~, J#|OÔ^== LO@< LO\~.
F Lù H~}O G 267
J#Q ^$ ~O~ XH^x"#H XH\ =z`< LO\~. Jq r=x qÒ

K, ` LO\~. pH\ "eH uiyLO_# `\O^, ''Wk =
J##\ ''|= ^x J~= `Q#O`=~ ~= H O `Q^\?
`~H"# z`x~^= :
''D ^$=# =~z`#. J@ =~K@K `lOz"#. nxx 'u~iOK@O
J##\ Q=# P~# ... Jx HO^~ Q=K z`=# x~kO
u<~. J~` J\ 'z`x~^= J# |=`~ `=K Hk Ou,
L=#= aOz#\H, Jk x["#, `"# Ou H^. P 'Q=
OQ"#C_ =~, =~H}O, 'O$u H 'O~= =z_Òk. XH Ô
=ê =~H ^ O @HO> " =#k? JO^K` b! h= *#^$+x J=~K H.
'*#^$+ JO> Uq\? :
''D ^$= W@ L#\H, Wk `= H^. WO^ H#|_ J<H`= "==
H^. Jkf=Q K`#" W@ ''<#h=^$=Q H"# =K
=iOKK#k. ''WOê z^H~=Q P` `` =# ^$+O^ LOKHx,
P WH, Uk Z\ J> PKiOK^#QH! J##^ *#^$+.
Uk '= J~=#^ ... Jk =Q#, Uk `"#^ ... Jk ~^,
~ `, ~ " H~ H~} ~ `=Q# îOK=. JC_ hH *_= `y~
==< '=Hux J#qOKQ=. `` *#" =HH H~}O J=Òk. *#=
aOz#C_, ''D O~= |" J~=#k. D ^+ ^~# ^$=Oê
~== |" J# ^ HQÒk. x^z# "xx H K_|_# 'e
Uq K Q^ KC ? D O~=_, h= *x"# C_, x# U=Ò $tOK^ .
^dO*^.

12. $uH =O^ L#^k?

b : J=! h= KC^xx J#iOz $+H ~O~" H~}=x QOK
K<#. J~` XH . ''J~Oû =+ J#|_ D } Ô` $+H
H~}=Q JO`=O^\ O~ < ZH_#O_ =K~? <# ZC_ Jq
J#qOz#> ^q\?
N ~f^q : "= ~Q< =$Ò`h `lOK|_K#@, ... #`#
Ô^~=K ~-``~ ^ ==~^ =`#=Ò OìOK
268
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
O@<~. '=$u J#|_ s~`[= `~"` ^$= JQ_@ H~}O ...
^+ H $u H^! J P ' $u J#|_^xH ~O= ZH_? $uH
=O^ L#^k? '' $uH =O^ Un ^. H #= LO@Ok? J# JaO
iH^. #= #O_ $u Z\ =Ok? ''Un #\ # Ô, ^,
<HO |OQ~ OK aOK~ J##k ZO`\ J=O["# q+O?
$uH _ =O^ P ~}=# 'H~ J~#\ h= LO_< LO_e. h=
L<= H#H< ' $u J##k LO@Ok. J\ h ^ ~". (~}=# P=
L# ^ K`#") ~=`H ~=.

~! WC_ ^= r=_Q|^=x QiOz G= Z@ q^ ~<

K`#. q#. Wk qO> h O^h `Q`~.
' $uH P= L#k =H ~=. | `Q< =Hr=_. Z=_
=_ J`_ `# `` =#O^ ~_ LO\_. JO^K` | '~ $u
J< H LO_^. $+H~. =+r=_, z`H~_ (cosmic mind process) JQ
| H H# D r=_ H^! J\ D r=x H D '[Q` $+H H~}O
' $u J#\xH g^. H#H WH_ ÔfHiOK|_# qÔ q#.
=+r=_ : XH<H LkH O|OkOz# ^+`= H~ $`=.
=+ r=_ H *u : #~# ~O~ ~OQ U~_ LO@# J<H
L^x ^+`= H~ $`=.
J<H [#x "_, XH [#x "_ XH_ J~=<_ H^! H|\ P
W~=~ XH>.
XH *u (=+ r=_) #O_ =H O~=K =~H *u
L^~ $+x îOK@O [~QÒk. XH ^+ "~"~ O^~= J#=O
HiOKK<_.
Wk W@O_Q, [# JOwHiOKK# ''*u #O_ L^qOKK#
*` HOîH HH`mOQ '~ $u` _# u qHOk.

$+h K`<HO L^~Oz H#|_K<~. ""xH D $+h

OH=`= H#H, q^~=. OH=#K> $u O~=
_ LO\~. ''OH=# =O^ LO_H OH =O L#@ `KK
F Lù H~}O G 269
OH= `y#C_ `= _ `QKO_ D $+ U ==O^#

L^~Oz LO_^ ... J##k WH_ Ô`=. F b! <# KCK#k HOKO
H;^$+` zOK. OH=K` [xOz, P OH= ~Oz#C_ #@
J#`=k .... ZC_ L^~Oz#@? ZC_ JqOz#@? H#H ''< $+x
<< < 'OH= J# H K $+O KH#K<#. <# OH= `lOz#C_
< ^``" +OKK#k. $+H Jf`" "QK#\ z` K`#" '~=` J#
|=H J~= Jx QOK. J^ ~|=.
| HeQ ''~J~ $` H~}O ~|". J#Q ~|"
H~H~}~" z^H=# "K#k. H~H~}= J^*#" =H.
''J\ J^ * #= ~ O H#O`=~ =H aOK#k H^ ... Jx =H ~=Q
"= J#=~HOQ QOz, H\ <=. JO^= '~ $u J##k _
''JYO_z#= # "~#k H^x QOK. JyL+= PH=#==
H~= H~}= (Effect-Cause) J##q |= #O^ ^= Hey=<~ Qx,
J~= #O^ H^. P ~O_O\H a#"# ` ^. JO^K`<, ''<#~! '[Q`
J#|_ ^$= U=`= L`#=Q@ ^. '|`< h= h H H<~K#K
W@ [Q`Q îOKK<= ... Jx Q~= H= k<~. ''`` "
(''`` Jk, `" h= J~L<=) J# ="H= H Q_~= W^
H^! H= ~|~=Q z^H=#< ~= "K#^x QOK.

13. J# [Q`# ZO^K` K_H`<O?

b : [Q[#h! =`! h= D ~A h "H~O~K < k="# ^$+x
k<=. ~_ L^~OKQ< ~= K_|_#@, <# ~=*#=# h
^=K O^K<#.
H=h! `~}Q h= ~^ `=< H\ =. J~#\H,
W`~ O~=K` H, < HOz` OH, `= qye
LO@<~. h JO`~O O>, ## P 'yi Q==# Q J~Oû =+
x=Oz# Q$=# fHx ".
N ~f^q : ~. J> JQQH. J~` h= "@"^@ =kx P~Oz, J\
=kH =OK` ^=# i`lOKe. ''JK` (uH ^$+K è|_
^xHO`\H Jf`" # ) z^" # \ <# z`K` # =# J##\ q`^$ +x J=OaOz,
270
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
==< q`~= H=. JC_ h= PH~=Q $+x QOKQ=. D h
^== P $+ ^~#=# u|O^H"#k =! JO^K` WC_
''<# z^H ~=# J# *#^$+x J=OaOK.
b : ^g! D uH ^"^HO L#O`=~ J#[Q`# ZO^ K_=?
^xH H~}"q\? < HxH~O` =O^Q D q+O q=iOz KC.
N ~f^q : ""xH D ^$[Q` PH$u~`"#k. J~` q^ *#=O K`
PH$u L#@ JQ_ K#k. ^$O`xH ... ''|OQ~ LOQ~O J# ^x L#Ô`
|OQ~" H^! Hx 'LOQ~O J# |O` <O. |OQ~O LOQ~O L#^?
=i LOQ~O L#k ^x? LOQ~= J##k PH~" H^! P PH~= |OQ~=#
"~#k H^H^! J\Q D ^$[Q` _ ~=`HO> "~# ` ^. JO^K`<
Wk ''q^ Jx JxOKH#K#k.
D [Q^H= |= HO> "~ H^. `\HOx [O (##) PHO
H~#\H, uaOa`H~}OQ P x[O ''"=$`"# PHO
H#|_Òk H^! x~H~=Q |=#O^ q^Q [Q` H PH$u J>
`KK#k.
JO OK q^= Ò |-=^" I
J`=}" "Ô` Q~"-#=^ II (XXI.35)
''D OK=O` q^. << |=# J# *#"H> ~"
`"#k. ''|= <HO> "~#k H^ J##^ L`= *#=. D q+O
G="H= (''JO |, ''r"|u <~, ''J=` |",
''O, ''`` " "^#q) =}. 'qK~} J# `=` _Hx#
=hQ Q~= #=", =i P`#=" =}O.
''|= u |, <-| |uI
~k<= k` " J=K^$II (XXI.36)
|" |=# QOKQ^. |= Hxk |=# îOKQ^?
^. P |" [Q`# HeOz [Q` J# ~K `< ==iOKK#k. J@
''HeOK@îOK@JQ@ |= H ="#k. J~` |= #O^
[Q`H, H~}=Qx, H~=Qx =. Z\ "# Hi H~}=
_=. |= q^"#k. |" `# H"# JOK` [Q`#
QOKK#k. JO^K`, =~ J=O K`< ^*#O `QÒk. ^*#=
F Lù H~}O G 271
`Q#O`=~ U XH~ | ~=# O^~. J#Q |^~#O H"O>

^*#O `Q@O XH> LO. J\ H = kOK xq`" K|_# K|_
=K# G qk x=^h L<~. F b! h= |= q+"
J|OK` ^$_*#O OkOKe. JC_ =`" P ~=^=# îOK
JkH~O aOk. hK K_|_K# D < uH s~= _ OH#Q~==
PH ~" . J\ Z~H K`< <# nxO^ _ |^= # QOKQ QK<#.
b : F [Qns! '=k "^# L= ^~ Pu"H*#O (Subtle
consciousness) ^$_"#^#H .... JC_ D s~O U u LO@Ok? Wk #tO^?
#tOKO_ W\Q LO@O^?

N ~f^q : h HO` JOQ`"#^< Ke. ZO^HO\"? L# ==
=`" H}OK@O#tOK@O =O\q LO\~. J^= `Q #\k. WH
L^qOK@"q\? H}OK@"q\? #tOK@"q\? pH\ '`_# Kz '=
Jx qOK=#H ... JC_ XH nO `z P "`~ sHQ Kz#C_ ''Wk
`_ =`" Jx èÒk H^! = `y~Ok. JC_, ~= U"#k?
Kz#^? J J\ ZH_ LO@Ok? `*#O Hey# `~"` '`_#O^
= HxOK^ H^! Pu"H == (H;``=) Q"# `~"` PkuH
=" `yÒk. J#Q ''<# ~H =O="#\ D uH ^=# J#
==# K@ LO_^. ''D s~= H ~Q^ `~Q^, Lù
q<#= <Hq O|O^= ^ J##\ #`# *<#=O L^~Ok.
''H# ~ = H~}O. J~`, D H# He# "~=~? Z=~ =
#O_ HeOKKO_@O [~QÒ>, "# L H~ "`H=K. Jk ^+
`# `# HeOKH#K<_. =x t 'x^ J~=#k H^! D s~
_ ""xH H L<~.
b : =i D H#|_K# s~= =@ Uq\?
N ~f^q : W=h '~|= J#|_ i~ ==#O^ H< K=` $uK
L<~. g\#x\h "= `~=#O^ QOKK<=. =i, h"? ...
x``=Q ~=# #yeO_@K, q^ *#=K, ''J<H s~=
J# =# O^K<=. JO^K`<, WOê ``"q\, J``"q\
`HH`<=. WÔ` $ kO^ z`==# He`"#k. J\
#O_ J^` ^$~=# iQOK|_K#k.
272
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
b : J#Q ''kK, H=K iz#= H#\ J^~`` = XH> LO_
L#k. =iOHn ZH_^ ... Jx h Ja= H^. =i J\ ^xH, D
''h=<#^$= .... =O\ H#` x Uq =zOk? D =h ZO^
L<~? ZO^, Z@, Z=i =#, Z=i H~ =i<~?
N ~f^q : |OQ~=# P~}`= `=? [=# `~OQ`= "==?
=<, OH=<, `~_ == J`"H_k? J^qÔQ q^
` ==Q |=#O^ D ''h=<#^$= J# H# U=Ò U H}
=O^
_ =. $ kO^ ~|=# Z\ ~= ^. P |= O`=,
J^=, [#~`= J~=#k. XH =} H ^~}=#O^ HtOKÔ`
^$= H uaO|"Hx P =} H ^~}=#O^ LO_ L# =*= H^
H^! D ^$=O` |= H uaO|= =`". |" W\@ îO
|_K#^x Q=xOK.

14. J =O
b : J\ J~` ==# D qÔQ ^ ` J^ ` *# q=_Q K
qO*^=~?
N ~f^q : f! x# WO`=~ qO*k |@ #O_ =~=~ H^.
hH 'JqK~= J# ~= Q "" =! J~` =[x`"#
''JqK~} .... qK~} =Ò K` `H #tOk. ''JqK~}# Z^~# Qey#k
''qK~} HO_ =iOH=O@Ok? J~` D Jq^ _ '|` HO> a#"#k
H^. |`
WK=ÒQ Jq^# J=OaOK@O, `lOK@O _ x~Ok.
""xH '|= ... Ja#=, JYO_=, ^= J~=#k. WOH qK~}
Uq\? JqK~} Uq\? Jq^^ , |O^= ^ , "H= ^ . H == q^~ =Q
|"H> ~^ LO_ L#k. '[Q` J##k JO^ P~`=QK#k. D `` =
h= WO`=~ qKiOz LO_ ^. JO^K`< Ou x# Hz"@O [~QÒk.
Hx WC_ L# q+"q\ QOz |^~=QK<= H^! J#Q
''q^*#=# O^=. =Hx O^=. hO^ "#h H}Oz~.
''xiH =k =O z`= ''J^|= #O^ sH$`" LO@Ok.
JO^K` ^+ - ^~#= - ^$= ~=#O^ ~Oz~ LO\~.
J\ =O XH" $^ HÒ "<c[= XHO` JOiOz L#\H,
F Lù H~}O G 273
Jk ~Q^k ==# U=Ò P~OK^. O~H~}=#\ ~Q^

#t =Q ~ 'xiH=k u ==Òk. =~=" ~=Q
Hey#\ =k J~Q, O~=# H=OQ<, H "O@"O@<< ....
`yÒk. JO^K` F b! h= x~~=`# J=OaOK. `^~ Ou
==Q H~=, OH= h#O_ `y`~. JC_ h= "H ~~=
J=`=. J=^ x ''O` P#O^= ~ u xezO\=.

''Wk = Jx è# =~H}O, P =x ^~=, =,

O@# ''q^ Jx è`~ H^! "# H~Oz ~#C_, WH P
D ^= JQ_K#\H, ''Wk J` J# ^ HQÒk. ~"#
H"#C_ D *Q`^= _ =`= O^Òk. J#Q ''D s~=
Hey<#. Wk < =. Wk <H i^# x~~OKK#k. Wk
L#C_, L#K> LO_ L#\H,.... ''nx x =$^# J#iOK <# x
=$^# O^K<# J# ==h `y`~. ''<# ~^ ^ K`#=<!
< O~=# J#iOK D s~^h LO@<~. ~=# H~<O_
_, <# JH~ $`" ==Q Q H ~_# J# k="# J=Q#
sH~} O^K#k.
= J#q OK"_ ''<# s~=#, s~^~ = O|OkOz# "_#
J# =## `lOz, `# JO`~OQ=#O^ (H `# Pu"H ^=#O^) P
^~=#, O@## QOKK<_. Hx x^~ =Q< *Q` ''<#
HK`Q uH ^= H ^~= O|OkOz#"_x J# =#,
J#=O O^K<_. OH=x J#== _ ==< LO@<~.
ZC_` D r=_ ''<# D ^~_# J# ==#O_ q_=_`_, JC_
''Pu"H ^=# HtOk. "#h `Q@O [iy` XH<H *Q`
=#~=Q +=O\ '=<==u Hey LO_Q_. "<c[= `y#C_
''<# s~=#, s~=# O|OkOz#"_# J##k _ O_ Òk.
J\ r=< ''=H~_ Jx JO@<=. J`_ r=#_.
r=# =#= KK "# D OiH r= "#=O\k H^.
"iOê r=O~= (H) "# - ''^` == : =` (An
Experience of all pervading equality)-Jx K|_Òk.
Q_x^ =# [_Ò =Ok. P + "#h JH\ ÒQ

LO@<~. *Q`^ P "# [_`=# `l<~. *Q`
274
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
+ ~O_ "<#= J~<#H ... JC_, XH<H OK~`
=<~ù J\ r=xO^ +Oz LO@Ok. P u< G= '`s=
J# ~` <~. *<yK` "#h #tOz#C_ J\ `s u D
r=xO^ *Q` HtOk. ""xH P u ur=x "=="
J~=#k. J\u<, ''u H ''"Hu Jx_ <~. WH nxHO>
L` $+"# u JO@ Un ^. "# HeyO_> '|O^=, HO_@
'"H= . XH<H_ "<~ `_ _ D O~=#O^ W`~ =< ^`Ô Q
LO@ P H~= JH~==# x~iOKK<_. JO`~OQ=# ~=Q P`
=#< Hey #\, J\"_ r=#_. J`_ ~*# =OK` ~
==#, ~#= =# (<# ''~_ # J# J#= =#) O^`< LO\_.
"uÒQ OKK# H~ ==~= J`x x`=# U=Ò
u|O^HO H^. J`_ JO`~OQ# 'HO_= QOc~O =Oz, =# =Ò
H#~O =i LO\_. J\ r=#x |^r= QiOKH=K _!
=OK "_ =# Hiy#C_ `# W`~ ="#\ [=Q< JQK#k
H^! "<#"# z`= _ `# [~"# ''^` ==<
O^K#k. Jk `# == ( q+ = iOK@)# `lOz =^" #
H;`= =OKK#k. '=O `Q#O`=~ D WOk=, g\x
JO\@Hx LO_ ^~*= =~ =~ Q_`< LO\~. '*#|=
|^"#C_ Pu"H == Ok# z`= J#z`= "tOKQ^.
J^qÔ Q, P z`= *<O`s=# , $O`s=# ^~= ` HeQQ
=~=# Hey=O@Ok.
H|\ F b! h= J|O K` ''<# D ^=#, D ^=#O^
=`" L<# J##\ â=#Ò ^~OK~. JC_ hO^ ^@OQ
~Hx# .... ''D ^$= "==. Wk J<H ^~=`, h=<#hk<k
J# J<H ==~=` xO_=#k. .... J# J*#i` ^+O `QÒk.
Oz` H iq` J#=*#O` _# W\ h |k q`=, Jiq``=
OKiOKHO@Ok. ''<# K`# `` =# J##\ ^$_"# ~"#, J=Q##
HiOK#C_, JC_ U~_K# ''Pu"H^$ + H ''*#= OK` q`" #
H=# QOKQQ`=.
f! "# H~O* Q L=< ~^ P~OK. "#
H~OK@K U~_ ~|k x# r=#~eQ fik^Òk. L`"`="#
F Lù H~}O G 275
^ =i J# = * # = L^ ~ OK = ~ H = OQ ^ # = =#
#yKHO@, Pu"H ^$+H~ u LO_=#^.
=O=^= =O=^=# =`" `Òk. =O=
Ô z`^=#Qx, z# ^=#Qx HeQ^? ^. h z`^=`
=`" W`~ z`^=# QOKQ=. z`~=# `=K îOK=K.
`^=`~}Q <# hQ uH "Ò` D q+ KCK<#.
""xH <# KC D "H=x `= PQO JOîH JO`~OQO
è#^. Hx, ^$+H J= D r=x z^H`=# HOK@K
J< `= `= H P` ~= `=HOH q= HQ@O ^.
H#H b! z`s~=# =Q JQOK` îOK=K. P z`s~=
P ==~= _ x~iOKQ^. =~==, W`~ z`H=O^
"tOz P [#=# kO*@ =hQ Q~= ^#O`~O
t+` O+OK@O "II#q WO^ =# ^$O`=.
F b! =~ H\ OKK<#, q#. x~O`~ *<OK` "<
==h H}OKQ, D ^= W\ LO_Q< Pu"H ^= O^=K.
îOK=K. =~}Oz#C_ =Ò [iQ^q\? JC_ D OKuH ^=
LO_^ H^! J#Q P u P } (H r=K`#=) Pu"H ^ ~_
J~=O\_. J~`, D Pu"H ^=H Lù QiOz =Ò Z=iH
è^. D [# uH ^$+H iq` Q@K =$`^=# =`" K_QQ
K<~. Hx, =H~+x ^$+ O^ (Pu"H^= ^$ ) r=# Lù
q<#= =. JO^K`, h`" H#|_K# D 'r=#~}= J##q
==`". OH~+xH @H Uq\? K= Uq\? Jk "^ q^H^!
J^qÔQ, ''r=#~}= q^ Jx QOK.
OH=
^ z` s~=
~=QQ
K`#= z`=
OH= L##, ## h >=O@Ok? h= ~^ z`~="
H^! s~= q+= _ J\^.

b : Q=f! h= L^t# D q`*#O qO@O> < ^$^~# ~Q=
^#O`@ J^ LqOzÒk. J~`, ''J= J=~= Jx JO@<=
276
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
H^! WC_ nxx, Z@, JOKe? P JO ^$_~K\xH <# UOKe?
J@ PKi aOK [#O Uq\? < ^` q=iOz KC.
N ~f^q : f! Z=~<, ZC_<, U << KO>, P x JO H`
kOK^ H^! |=# QiOK zO`#K@O, =\_H=_O, OyOK@O,
kOK@O, ~=# Hey=O_@=< O_` (H x` x`*#= Hey#\
=h) ''J= Jx <~. =`Q"~ D O~=Oê
^+=# Q=xOz#"~, WOê `<+}=# LHqOKK<~. [##=~}
Oux Hi#"~ Q"## `lOz"K<~. G=K kO|_# J<H
qk q^#= `= `y#"\x Z#Hx, ~^ `j~ LO@<~.
JO^K`<, "~ D [Q`# [~Oz"QQK<~. "i|k x`= Jx
iÒ^ B^~=K O^~OQ JOHiOK|_ LO\Ok. P L`= ^
z`= ~="~Q=` xO_O_, ~^ JH$u==Q ~#O^=#
Ok LO\Ok. ''| Jx =|_ J\"~ J<H# P~,
=H#O K D *`$*= ("Knower" and "that being known") H JÒ`
'J==# iQOKK<~.
F "# b! "="q\ KCK<#, q#. $ kO^ ^$=
^. WC_ ^. =iOHC_ _ ^. JO^K` ''D [Q` Qx, <#h=J#
^~= Qx = .... J##\ *#=< ''^= Jx JO@<O. D
qÔ Q ''^$= JO= = Jx Q Oz# `~ "`, ~= Ò^ PH =Q<
HQÒk. J\ PH ''|= Jx HO^~, ''Q=^H Jx =iHO^~
KCK LO\~. f! ''~Q^+ H= J##k kOKHO_<, ''"=
|=# JO JO> [#O U=O@Ok. J\ `= ~Q^+=
`lOK#O`=~ =_= , `^H=, ^YH~H= J~=O\~. ''^$=
JO== J##\ ^< (Lx+` "^#) G= ''*#=, *= Jx
==i<~. J\ J" L`="# J=. ^x< 'x~}= Jx _
JO@<~. "q HO =z# `~ "` =OK=~O LO@O^? ''x~O`~ q"H=
H =OK` D z`=#O^ =i# O~ ==~=O` ~<=
O_ `yÒk. x^ WH ^$O Z^~Q LO_ LO@O^? LO_^ H^!

(<Q= ~A qK~} i J~Ok)

F Lù H~}O G 277
S^= ~A
15. W`~#= $+
N =+=i : P ~u P qÔQ b^q, ~f^q O+OKHO@<~. JO`
~Ox i[#O` Q_x^~= L<~. P H< ^x ^= "_x
` H|_#k. JH_ "i^~ (b~`) =kx P~Oz x
s~~. "i =^#= XH<H HOu` [iK<~. "i WOk
"~=h O=# KH|_# t= H J==== H@|_~.
"i^~ H;==# O^~. xiH=kx P~Oz *#=#
`lOz"~. ''<#h=^$[Q` ... J##Ô` q^ Jx "iî K Q OK|_@K
"i z`= #O_ ^$z `y~Ok. KK", ~=KO^! D '[Q` ZO`Q
hqOz D r=x = _Ò^!
P W^~ ^$^~# == #O_ q_=_#"~, #=Q PH= = O`
== =OK~. *^=`Q P ~f^q ""xH 'Jsi J~#\H, `#
~e |kx xtÒ K\xH *#==Q H;s~O ê#k. P b^q
''uHâ=#= #\ H; s~=Q J=îOz#k. P qÔQ, "~ ^#*#
==Q Pu"H ^= J=OaOz OKiOKQ~. iq`Q$H= #O_
z^H ~=# QOz#"~, ~*#= ##iOz ''z`=$u O`
qiOKQ~.
"i W\ s~= OKuH= H^. J~#\H, ~ OH=`
_# =# H"~Q@K, ~~ ^$` XHi<H~ gH< L<~.

"~ K` HHx ^~^~ ^ ^@O@, #=O_O

gHOKQ~. JH_ PH=O_= XH O`==ÔQ Ju q~=Q,
QOc~OQ, x~OQ H=OQ L#k. Jk z`=# PÔ Hey O^~OQ#,
Y^HOQ# L#k. `= }O =^=^ "i^~ ^=` ^=
qqOK~. =iHO` #Ô }OKK, J<H [Q` ^\~. Z<
H=, Z< [Q` _ P PH '#`=# U=Ò xOH `<~.
HxK@ ~~ OKi<~. Hx, "~ XHi<H~ QiOKH `<~.
=iHx K@ O_ ~HK=O_=# _ "~ Q=xOK~. =iHx
278
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
K@ _H# #$Ò K<~. " Q ^, H<~ QO^~ ^=`
Q#O K# ^, ~^~=, | ~= KK~. WOH =
xi`"# @}, HêH x ~=~, ^ =z <, pH\ ~`K
PHqOK|_# ^, Q =`" L# O` KK~. D q+=h
"~ Q=x y`<~. =^ =^ PH=O_=# qq< ~. [^ q Q
~f [Q<` H< |=# J#iOK P q ^=# K
"K<~.

F ~=KO^! D =O_= ''|O_= H $^^=? Jx

JxOk H^! J+kK P=iOK|_# D q }H@ ^= QO=
LO@<~. nxK@ nxH =_O` =}=^ =#k. ^xH ~ O_O` HnO,
^xH ~O_O` H~=Ô P=iOz L#k. ^xH ~O_` 'nO. P nO
K@ '^k=Ô P=iOz L#k. ^xH= HOK nO. ^x<=iOz $`=Ô,
^x K@ Q"kH nO, ^xH= W =Ô, ^xK@ +~nO, JH_
K@ =Ozh\ =^=#k. P `~"` XH a= L#k. Jk `=# î
fOk. ^xH P= k~@ q~=Q J~}O L#k. P J~}O r=~t ^.
P `~"` Jy*, " "O, <HO, |O_ _=-W=h _,
XH^xHO> =~H\ k~@ LO_ L<~. W=h ^\ P W~=~ =x` 'yi J#
Q=O L# =O_O K~~.

H=OQ "~ '=+ _ J#|_ }x Q$O "t OK~. P W L`=~ `

#Q~OQ, ^Y=` xO_# Q, e# =$HOQ L#k. Q$
H` JO`H^!
JC_ x~ *#= Ok#\H P b^q HO` J*#=K q`==@O
[iyOk. L|@O J}z@HH ... ''WH_ L# < |O^= ##, D ~f^qx
K_QQ^~ QH! Jx `# z`=# OHeOz#k. JO` ... P WO\x |O^=
P Wî x Z^~Q K_Qe Q~. "i ~HK P Q$=x ^Y=O` =@="O k.
"`=~}=O` JÒ` H=O`"#k. "i Kx K J< J=$Ò K` JH_
"~O^~ ~=#OÔ O^~. P Q$= H ^ =~_ J~#\ *+~
"iîH O[e =iOz ^= #=iOK_.

F Lù H~}O G 279
*+~ : F =#^=`~! QÒ. q [=Q QH! q~HK = ^Mh

XHi \OK J~. ^ [## "~ ^Y[# Pix Q@> J=Q
Hey=O\~. JO^K`< qi^~ = D Q$=# =#O K~.
N ~f^q : <<! D Q$=x "~O` U^ ^Y=# Ok#@<~.
H~}"q\? q =z# H+"q\?
*+~ : J=~! D W ZC_ Ju^ P", } =~^
P^~" LO_k. n# WH_ =H~=K P#O^= O^` LO_"~.
= è Ò_ D WO\ OKi LO>, D i~= O` ^=HOx #O^#=#O
LO_k. Zxqk ~A HÒ = èÒ_ = Q$O q_z ~~.
WOH=#k? =H =_ H= #= J~. <Q S^ ~A HÒ
"i ^ ^#O~ K=. J@ K_O_. P O_ WOH =
è Ò_ =$`^ =# Q~ `K Hx H~ }` ~k< L<~. Jq J^~`
`= Jq`^Y=# "e|KK<~. D yi Q= "O` WOH <u<~
^Hx ^d< L<~. HO^~ |O^= |`Hx H=@K uO_x _
=x"~. g^ x~#+=~. H$u _ ~kOk. P ^Y=K =
JOQ= `=# H~. + QOÔ ^~OÔQ< Òk. = èÔ_
=z LO_@OK` H ~# ~H" O`+O` q^^~ Q #O K < ~. q=O\
=` ^~#O =$^ J=Ò^? ^. q~ = ^Y=# `H Q@Q~x
<# J#HO@<#.

16. q~ ^$+
Jk qO@# b=u ~f^q " J~HOQ KzOk. `_ *+~
#^~ =Q $tOzOk. P" ~K J`_ ''^Y= J< ^~^$+= #O_
H}O q_=__.
N ~=KO^_ : =s! =! WC_ <^H z# OÔ. P b=u `#
W`~ [# O|OkOz# `_Q P *+~ `# W`~ ~=`<
H#|_ LO_=K# H^! J@ ZO^ K^?
N =+=i : F ~"! D < "^# ^~=# K#C_, uH^$+`
K#"iH WH_ J<H ^~=, h=<# =O\ J<H q+= L#@
H#|_K<~. *#^$+ Q"iH, (L`= =Q P`^$+x J Q=K J=OaOz#
280
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
"iH)... WÔ` '~=H= Q< H#|_Òk. OKuH ^$+ |=`~" L#O`
=~ J`^~= (J#Q, "="# LxH xq) _ `^~== `K`~.
'= H K=`~O J^=i! XH _ `^$+` pH\H Kz#C_
J`xH P pH\ L# |O_~, K\ `x PH~=Q< ^~#qOk. ''J
`_ (^=) J#|_ ^~" LO_^ J# ^$_^$+` K, JH_ `_
LO_^. ''Wk = J# *#O Hey# `~"` WH ^~=H ''Jq ZH_
L<~? Jx "`"_=_? J^ qÔQ *Q` J=O^ _! ''P`q+
*# ^$+K, WH_ ^~=h 'q^ Q< QKi~. `~Q=K qKe`"#
=# Q"xH D i~= O` y]# u~QK#@ `KK#k. ` *#=, =Q" #
J=Q# x"_ ''O~= J#|_^xx K<_. J#q<_, ''D q
"^#=h '=#q_ ~~ O|O^=# J#iOz =`" LO@<~.
`Q=Ò WÔ` PH^$" J# |k OOkOK#"iH W=h P
suQ< QKi~.
O H#|_ PH=, q, [# "^#=h #" ~=Q Hey
#q H^! O XH_ KK O^~ #~" . J~#\H, P #= =,
'#= "^# == D ^=#O^ HeyO*K#k. J^qÔQ
PH=#O^ ''Wk $kq J##\ *#= Hey#C_, Jk J> $kq "^#
^~= Q ^~ #qOk. _ =Q P@== =`~ " # q+=
QOKK<_. =~}OK="_ `#K@ [`=#, " ~=#
J#qOK@O [~QÒk. XH<H_ =~ ~H=# QOK K<_. HO^~
z"~ `= Z^~Q U"" *H= O|OkOz# [##, ^~=
PH~=# QOKK<~. K~Q= H"_ XH =H< J<H=OkQ KO\_.
"iH W=h J*<"O L#C_ "==Q< Jx LO@<~.
nxx |\ h= QOK=#k Uq\? D [Q`x ^~ == PH~=
h H# O^ f`" LO@<~. ""xH g\H Z\ PH$u ^. H#H D
^$=O` '=#qOK"_ J# ~ O_\ =^ U~_ L# O|OÔ H H@ #.

WH =#O b^q q+xH=, P" ''$kqs~= "^# "\#x\h

'J` Q< Q OKK#k. ''z^H" Ou |O K` <<~=# ^K#k
Jx P" += Q QOKK#k. ''WÔ` z^H ~=Q |" Jx Q Oz#\
=##j#, ... D ''< H_ < `_ < ~ < *u J# iq`
F Lù H~}O G 281
=# gy`~. Jb ^$^~= UH}O# L`#" LO_^. h=

KKÔ` [#~`=Q |"=! O~ *#O Hey# `~"` WH ~Q^,
JOH~==H~ LO\? LO_=.
N~=_ : =~~` q! P b=u *+~# ZO^ =Q $tOzOk?
N =+=i : J^? Jk J`xH `` *#= HQ@O HH. P ~ J`xH
OK@O ~[# `= [#" J~=#k. JO`Qx b ''W`_
< `_. < KOk#"_. W`xx <# HeyO_^# QH J##\ |k ^.
JO^K`< P" J`xH W`~ =`$~O ^~#O W=^.
F ~"! '^ J# *<#=O hO^ L^~OzO^ .... WH P h
~~` PH=HO> _ JÒ` H;=Q q^ | ^~" QKiOk.
<<! D *Q` ^~= , =#O^ K_|_K# ^~= , OH~=#
J#qOK|_q ... W=h_ |" Hx, WOHq H=.
WH =#O =~ b^qH =~H [# O|OkOz# q+= =^=?

17. [# [<O`~^$+
JC_ b~` P yi Q==x } Q$= LO@<
J^$~~. P Q$=x [# ''P! =#^=` =# q^ J#QO`
^~#qz ==~ H^! Jx J#H<~. P O@## `=`= J#=s`
##iOz =~=~ KCH<~. ^Y=# `lOz"~. `=`= #O^
W`~== x=Q~.
b~è^~ P Q$=O_HO< b#" H;~=# LO_ L<~
H^! b^q .... `# yi Q=O P WO\ WQ J<H O=`~= LO_=O_@O,
`# =~}O Zxqk ~A H`" [iy LO_@O, .... "^#q+h Kz K
P~_O k. HOK= qKe` =O` L# b# Kz ~ f^q z~#= zeHOzOk.

N~=_ : =s! "i^~ Js~ H^! Z\ O+OKHO@<~? ZH_

O+OKHO@<~?
=i : O#, OH=#O^ [iQ O@# Z\ [~QK<~? ZH_
[~QK<~? JO^ s~= =iOK@O ^H^! J> H; s~=`Q
282
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
"i~=i O+} _ H~~= O^K#k. uH s~=, <_ }=
#\H OHQ< "iî =^ O+} ~=Q *#=
LO_ L#k.

N ~f^q : F b! =#O WH_H =z#O^ Uk `H", JÔ`

`<=. <# h [<O`~q+" K# ^xH x~}# QOK= H^!
'|` ~" WÔ`! J*#O L#O`HO [Q^= HQ`< LO@Ok.
*<^"# =~H}O [Q` LO_^. ^$= LO_^. JC_ ''`=#=
(All pervading Absolute self) J# u +OKK#k. D r=O^~ `Q "H
~ J~#\H, x~}OQ He`"OK` =`H"# [Q`#

J#qOKK<~. =~ XH<HC_ *<^=Q@K x^~z, WÔ` H}O
HH`mOQ `lOz" < ~. Uk `= "= ~"
#^ J\^ xO^ ~ ,
'[Qk<#=# J#qOKK<~. WO`qOz WO^ Uq q+O ^. WC_
KC. D q+O WOH hH"< O^ L<?
b^q : H=h! <# W`~O <~ ^x H `^#O`~O r=_
(q^~^_) ~["K# z^H #Q~xH "o L<# H^! JH_"~ ##
K_H ~ q\? Hx WH _ ''<# giH H#_^# QH Jx OHeOKQ< *+ ~ ,
`k`~ |O^= ## K_QeQ~. JC__ ''g~ ## K_@O [iy` gi`
<# O+OK^# J# ~=Q WK LO_k =!
N ~f^q : F! J^! J\H hHOH JO ^$_O H^. ''<# ~[uQ
b^qx J< ^ `== hO^ Q_OQ qye L#k. ^ `= L#O`=~
J^ `H~ H [#O aOK^. ZO_ x|_ ''< KQ ^q\? JH_
KQ L#k H^ JO> Z\? JO #O`HO ''<# b Jx =|_K#
s~=`=# J# ^$_=O `Q^. JO^K`< h JC_ ÒH=
L^~OK^. h= H~#\H J\ =""# h u, `k`~
a x# K_<H~. WH W\ q+xH =, ''<# 's~= J#|_
x~K#=K |OkO|_*x x+OHK`# `` =#, P`H~=# J##\
^$_#=O =iHO`Q |_#k. JO^K`, ÒH~==. J#Q,
h= ^xx Z@ =# K", Jk P suQ< J#==Òk. ''W`~ [#Oê
D < `_ ## QOKQH J##\ h Ja+ WH_ <~"iOk. WC_ h= h~
=^ "o W> OHe x# J`_ `H K_Q_.
F Lù H~}O G 283
b^q : P! D |O_= H<==~=O` ZO` zÒQ L#k! yi

Q=Ox D =Ok~HO (Space pertaining to this house) < D }_
(=+_) < ~ J_. =~ WH_ J`_ `# =+^=# `lOz, ''^_
J# ~* q~"# ~[=# e ## JiOK_. "q^~O _|k UO_
ÔÒ K=. D JO`~O< J`_ =$u KO^_. =~ D JO`~O<
"~# [#Ô q~"# =*xH KH=i J~ q^~^<= Ô` ~[
"K<_. XH z#H J<H "~"~ P=yO[ L#@, D Q$HO
"~"~# |O_ J<HO =i<#=@. J=! Uq D $+ K=`~O!
WÔ` Q=xO >, ''WC_ =#O < ~ LO_ L# z^H [Q` O|OkOz#
JO`~xH JÒ` qO< LO_ LO\= H^! Jx JxOk. [Q[#h!
<# < ~H ==~`#O` WH_ LO_ K_QeQ@@ J#QOK. < ~#
q_z <# LO_Q< KC?
N ~f^q : f! ` J~O^f! h J<H=Ok ~ LO_ L<~. WC_
=#O K# ==~O ^$ _ =Q~ L<~. "i "^\ "_ '=+_
J# }_. J`_ " '^_ J#~Q ~[_. J`x =" h JO`
~O +QK=` H|_#k H^! J`_ D O~=# 'q^~^_ J#
~` Q~[O UK#@ z^H~}" h= gHOK=. WC_ q^~^_
'O~= J#|_ ==^[O _ O`_ H@O@<_. Q=
_ qH_ L<_. '=`= =xy~ U"" ~KH~=# JÒ`
q=` x~i =#O_ "#@O ^.
F =x`! WC_ KC. QO^ H}= QeK XHK\#O_, WOHH K\H
fHx |_#@, h= W\H J<H ^= "tOz<=. =~ "\x
`lOK=. P [# J<H =Ok |O^ = LO_ L<~. ''<~ , <# K_e<#
^~" LO_# J# P"^# "e|KK<= H^? J<H [# KqKz#\ h=
''< ~ Jx KCK#k Z=i QiOz? WC_ x# <# ZH_H f"e?
D 'O~= J##k XH f~Q LO\Ok. =~ |O_= q+xH =,
J=h =~H f~Q LO@<~. D ==~ ~O~h K`#= H O
He`= H^! JO^K` *#^$+` iHOz Kz#C_ D O~ =O_=h
h H<, Z^~Q< L<~. J\ HO_, O~ ^$+` K XH^xH =~H\
H\#H@ [#= ^~O L<~. *#^$+H W=h PH~= H^!
h W`~ JOMH"# [#h W\". ~H~}=O^ J<H `~}=
284
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
(HOu ~}=) L^~#@ (H\ HQO_ WO\ "tOK ~H~}= J\
`~}=# =#O Q=xOK=K) H#|_@O ^? P =K`#= #O^ Q u
~=}=#O^ J<H $+== qHOKK<~. D |O_ ==
$+ JO` =H+`~OQ, Q h` =O` =i#@ Jx#\H ...
~=~ ^$+` K W=h He '=]yO[ JO`_ LO_=. ~H~H# ~`=#
XHK@ LOK=#H ... JC_ P Q@ #O_ |_ ~OQ~OQ H~}=
=#O XH J~}== QKiOk. J\Q D [Q` _ ==< W@
Hx<~. *# zO`#` Kz#C_ D '$kq "^#=h #~=Q<
Hx~.
''Ou =# =`" PÒ^ [Q^ =~=O` iOk. ""xH
$kq "^# OK`*=O` '$ k O^ =. P! ~=~O `~OQ
=\=\H z b#=`~ KK"? J> ''*#K` # = J< `\HO ^ H=
@ U~_K# ''J#== J##q J<H qQ= ~O O~`~OQQ
<~. =~ b#"`<~.
b^q : "}! ~~a`! h H~}=OK` < W`~ J<H
[## WC_ WH_ #O_ K_QQK<#. h= KCK#Ô` "="#x
< è=Ok. D < =~=# [# uH= H^. `=H= _ H^. Wk
~["#^x= < Q~ =Ok.
|" ~=Q Hey, |=#O_ "=_#\ <# << q^=#
# [xOK#. W`~= Zxqk =O^ [# Zu#@ WC_ +OQ
QOKK<#. XHC_ XH q^îx J#. K_HiHK H+` =#~<
=#+ [#<`#. =~ WOHH O~ =O_O '<Q~[u (~~[~#)
J#. P `~"` XH P@qH < P îOz J_= OKiOK#. P [#
=#=# LO_=# ^ ^H} =# =^@OK XH =#O fQ< [xOK#.
J~`, } ^"# =# P== LO_@K`, JyK Ô|_# <# P
=xH `~< \#. J\ }H~ =OK` XH ~A< #~ L<#.
Hx ~AQ <# x~iOz# = =O K` '=Oy< \#. P `~"` XH
P=< Zxq^ Q_#. XH H< "xH zH, J`x =Oz Z\Q ÒK
H<#. `"^##. XH _< XH<H "x Ku =~}OK#. P `~"`

b^q WH_ `# Z\ =#H =$uK =~=# [#O^@O [iy#^ QOKQQK#k
H Q~ K HQQK#k.
F Lù H~}O G 285
'K< h\ è_K, XH ` g +H~ H\#. P =O XHi XH

*i ^| ÒKHx h\H LiH# _!
J@ `~"` H~` < [xOz H|iH `QK LO_^##. =~[# XH
~HQ [xOK#. P ~HO 'J~Q [xOz =` ~uH_O^
x=Q"<#. P `~"` XH `< \ K ~A rqOK#. K@ ~[O<
H< TQ#. JC_ XH |~Q K@ J@W@ TQK ^=#
Kz, P ^= @ Q |k H~}OQ ^=< \#. J@ XH `< [xOz HO_
"Q H ["OK` HO^H TQ` LO_^xx. P `î q^^~
~O \#. P! [Q<`! qO@<"? ZO_== h~ L#^x qOz
XH _ ~Q fOk KK"? <# _ J<H ^Y i`=# [# Z`#.
ZO`\ =, ZO`Q J#qOK< K#! P "^#, iÒ =~<f`=< Ke.

18. |O_ Ou
N~=_ : P bH [# |K=`~OQ L<~. J<H=Ok r= ~O~
W\"#x < J~O J=Òk. J~` =`! P |O_= H\ [#= q~O
"Oz =[== Hi#" L#^x J#H<OH^! P e^~ |O_=# KkOz
Z\ |_~?
N =+=i : F ~=KO^! h Q< L#^! Hx, |O_= K@?
=[`"H_? "i^~ P JO`~HO< L<~ =! P yi Q=Ox
Q$HO< '=+_ J# ~Q }_ LO_ L<_ H^! J^ <HO
^_ Q ~[=# _ U_. P J~Oû ~} J~ ~[=# J#qOzOk.
P b J#|_ ~} ~f^qx P~kOz, P" H~}K, P Q$HO< P"` _
=<~"# PH =O_=# ^\Ok. "i^~ P iq` Q$HO< WOHH
|O_=# xOK@O K<~. WÔ`_ .... XH x^x = #O_
=~H x^x =# "tOK@O =O\^!
JO^K`, WÔ` Ou=`"#x QOK. ""xH 'PH= `` "~H
="^. ''|O_= O~= ^~= J# ^*=O` q^. "<
=O K`< "iî z`=#O^ P =<~ ^$=h ue<~.
"# O>, |O_=H_? O~"K@? "i z`= H K=` $u K`
z^H= P=~}`"# |O_== HeOK|_#k. z^H= ~`, ~^
286
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
[#~`=Q O`=Q "K#^x QOK. z^H= `#O^ `<
'[Q` ~=# HtOk. D `` = QOz#"iH D H#|_ [QÒ` PH=
HO> _ JÒ` #=Q H#@K#k. J@ HO^~ QOK QQK<~.
WH =iHO^~,.... QOKH=K<~. ZO^K`? J*#" JO^ H~}O.
J\ J*<xH WÔ` =[== ^$_OQ H#@K#k.
O #Q~=, |O^[# P =O "="# "\=< J#=
=`~ H^! Hx Jq `=? H^. J` J~=# D O~= _ z`^~=
#O^ `= uOk. q"# Z_i H#|_ ZO_==x [*#O
"=O H^H^! |OQ~O P~}`=#^? PÒ^ D ^$ ==
J` J~=O_ _ `= JQ<~.

19. ~ $`
P qÔQ b^q ~[##, JOê Hx O@## *#^$+K î
<=~"Ok. "~@ O+OKHO@ yi Q=Ox } Q$OOz |@
=K~. "iH Z^~Q P Q=O qh H#|_K#\H, "~ =Ò Z=iH
H#|_@O ^. JC_ Z^~Q "iH XH ^HO_ HxOzOk. P HO_Q
J_q qz` =$H, , z`"# ^## qx<~. b^q
`# ~[# *H |HQ~. ~f^q Jk z~#=` Q=x b#
fHx Q==O` OKiOK yOk.
TiH z=iQ L# ^@" # =$H = = #O_ HH~" qx < ~.
=h =OQ L<~. "H#, =# Tiz=~ "`# ~
HO^~ XH `_K@ HO^ Ki Kk =@# qC`, # H=H= =O@# H
_ H, A# =H# X_ ^KHO@<~. P K@H Q J_q@
xQ HO^~ aKQ `= r~=G=` =K @~#
z OKi<~. =~ HO^~ g^x J~Q ~x `= =K
"i` ~ q ~ K < ~. ~Q "# H, Hx W DQ
"]Q =~`<~. Q_ =O^ XO\H =\x Hx P_HO@<~.
XH WO\ =O^ XH =x` H Ke =Q " K~` i_Òk.
P= 'JO Jx J~< ~. J<H qz`" # JOH~} ` Hx Q$ K~ #
PHi<~.
F Lù H~}O G 287
'Ou "^# ^# OuQ P`*xx Q"H qOz =#O

K#@, P W^~ =x` Q=O OKi P K@# =#O K<~. J
=OK` *#=Ô îOz# b^q JH_ OKi _ ~*# [##
=~}=#, `q+`=~=# H= u Q`#, D O~= H
~K< K=` $` QiOz z P~KH` ~QK#k.

b^q : "Q}! qs! h J#QOK` D ^=# K# <# D H}O

XH_ WH_ < [#x qh iOKQQK<#.
WH_ <# 'J~Oû J# ~Q }< [xOz# q+=O` WC_ <
QK~==Òk. < s~= JC_ r~", +", =e#" LO_k. ZO_ ^~#
p JOK` < JK~ "@i LO_k. u~A H==` =lQ z`
LO_^##. < J<H= Ok O`#O LO_"~. "= Ju^ #, ^=`#, kA#,
^=# H` q LO_"~=. P qÔQ ^=#O` =~ x@`
Q_#. Z\HC_ U^ xÒ^~. JO^K` ''`~Q .... `~Q .... JO@ x
"# Jê LO_^##. < ~ _ KO^_ ZC_ U"" # =xy
`` LO_"_. zÒ KK"? JC_, ''""=~=? D O~= Z\k?
J##\ = H _ `@^. H=OQ < s~O +OzOk. qH
@_~. J~< ~, J\Q ^\ HCHx ~, H>, _ QK
LO_^##. P x ZO` ^, PH, P"O K^#< =@ =iOK#.
ZC_< HOKO xH` P=^_ K= ~Q `yOK^x.
JC_C_ P~= h~ H@_xH ~# ~=~OK^x. JkQ, P W
KK"? P WO\ Q_ Zx~ ~OQ k^<! < =~^ JuHqOKO_<
JH_ WC_ xK # P =# J^=~OK^x. D qÔ Q KHO Q_z Ok.
WO` ZH_ #O_ =$Ô =z_Ok. < K=, ` LQ TQ`
LO_q. J! "~H O ZO`\ ^~~ " # k! XH *## =`" =e`#O kOK^" !
J=! "V~! J^Q. P +=#O KK"? P JH=$H =^ L^#
=O_O L#k H^! P H< K=Q@ H@|_# ^_ < H =O^ Hk~A
HÒ \Ok. ^xH 'HiH Jx ~\ =^Q LO_^##. Jk < qQ^
YO iOKH H 'JO Jx WOH J~< L#k. D iKiH KK
J=O^. g D ^_ QiOz \ OKH~O? O " =Ò UqK~?
< qQO K` WOH ^d< L<~ H. " H "z L<~ KK"?
288
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
<# Z>< "o` XHx iQ [~Q^ H^! WH_ ~E =z ~O_^##.
ZO_" WH_ h_ H #_O"^x. KH\Qe gO> H}O # >k.
WH_ h `Q^x. P KH == J=iH KK"? JÔ` fik^k <<! J@
K_. "_ = ^"_ *+~. "_ O J J L<_. <# H`
< Zx @ _K<~ H^! D =#O = _ P= WOH u~QK<
L<~.
D = W KK"! s~xH S^ WOk L#@, = WO\H S^ ^~
L<~.
~f ^q, b KÔ` =#OQ, z~#=` ''T H_` qO\Ok.

D = W JO> ZO` W+"! J~< UO O? WC_ ZO_"_qH K_i

L#k. ^_ JO` _ ^~KO_Q, KHQ JH=K#H^! D x" ^Q~O>
Qx =@ q#~. D W < ~O_= s~==O\k =! nx <# Oz#
P#^# KK"? nx q`< = |O^= WO\#Oz KOK#. `~#
P# (~) H# g iQ H<~? ^? H`, _`~ H^!
^ h =x _ <# Ke.
JH_ u~QK# "O^~ Z=~ `? "O^~ P T #Oz =z#
= |O^=. J^q\? g P~}=h U"<~? F! <# =~}OK#< ^
YO` g `= P~}=h `lOz ~^H= îOK~? < =# Zx
H D WO\H =K~? < D "# |O^= H x~O`~ ~^#OK`
Z]|_~. giH ^ h H=OQ [~QK<? ^? D = Q$=O_O
P==# #kx K_. D #k X_# K@ < =Oy L<~. "\ H= <
"e z=~ #n[=# ``<~. KK"? P `\K@ `\O_ =xH
HHH` ZO_`~. D x" UqK<~? gH uO_ #OQ H"e.
x q+ \ OKH~!

~f^q P =@h qO@ HH #qOk. =~H}O b^q `# "Q~}

~O~=# P~OK@O QiOz `#_ Hk #=Hx, =~ K yOk.
< ~ =+ x r"` D Q$HO< " #k. J`_ `Q P` ~_
H^! J#Q x+_ H^! J~` UO? WC_ q^~^ =~*, Q =[=#
PkÒ =<_.
F Lù H~}O G 289
B#! WC_ <HH q+O Q Q~ =Ok. < ~ =+ }_ ''<#

=~A# J~` ZO` QO@Ok! Jx ZC_ <` JO@ LO_"_. ''Uq\
h KÔ! h"q\? ~A H=_"q\? JO@ <# HOKO O \ OK^x.
J`x "OK|O K`< H, WC_ Zxqk ~A =KH=i J_. Uq
P~O! PHO "= P "= QOÔ D =_ XH^xx =~H\
`H=. Hx, XH^x =~H\ J^$u LO_ LO\~ H^! < ~_ D
Q$HO J^qÔQ ~[# `=#H L<_. = ZO`\ K=`~
i`"#k! "_O` LO_ D Q$HO H\#H@ [#= q~= Q
= =[=# KKK<_. "q^~O PH~" H^! < ~ eOK
~[O _ D Q$=O_ PH=#O^ L#k. Hx H"# H< ===#
"Hk ~`=` xO_ L#@ JQOk. H=`! WC_ < ~ H
ux, ~[## uHOKx H~ HQÒk. H|\ =x^~O P ~[=#
"^=! `=O` H+"# H~"=O@Ok?

20. J# [Q` # "O

q+Q ~f^q JO^ z~#=` JOwHiOzOk. "i^~ P Q$Ox
PH=O_=# "t OK~. " =~= #, "^= #, ~KO^=~= #,
^ =H=#, ^ ^ ~ |H=# JkQq OK~. t=HO, q+ HO,
q^^ LO_ H=# ^~^=# ^\" LO_Q, WO`
XH<H H}O b^q `# Jiz# ~=# qiOzOk.
XHi "#H KzOk. "#HQ ZH__ ~KO^#H`Q^
H#|_< ^ . J^ "# pH\ =`" H#|_Òk. P pH\ #k "Oz#k.
b : =`! W^q\? ~KO^^ `[= U=Ò H#|_@O Ô? D HO_=
h`"# pH\ ZH_ #O_ =zOk?
N ~f^q : f! =#O ~KO^^ `[= K~#O`^~O =KO. JO^H
Jq =# HxOK@O ^. `# #u J@_Q LO_ K q L#
q}Q~~Q " Hx?
b : F! ~_ XH J}=Q _ H#|_#O` ^~O =K=? ZO`
P~O? F `*~}! WOH =#O ZO`^~O xOKe? Z@ "K<O?
ZO` ?
290
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
N ~ f^q : WH =# ''|O_ H~ ~= JQ_ Òk. ~KO^ #H `=
P |O_ H~~= #O_ z# ôH}= =O\"~ =!

"i^~ J@ O+OKHO@ |O_=O_O K~~. ^xx "~ XH #

Ô ^\#@ ^\"~. ^x@ Z=iH ``|k LO@O^ Jk =`" "iH
=[OQ Hi#" JQ_Òk.
H=OQ ^ z`Q P W^~ |O_= " Q_= P=iOz# [
^x ^\~. ^xHO> k~@ =OKK K~== H# K@# _
^\~. J@ `~ "` "~ Jy"=" PH=# KK~. WH P PH=
#O^ ''Wk WH_ "^. Jk JH_ z=~ J#|_#Ô` 'Q_e =~_ J#
^$O`=Q ==`". JÔ` q=, O`=, Pk=Ô`~`=
J~#\ PÒ^ ^~ }Ox ^$O = "K#^x Q OK. "" xH z^HO
#O^ Z\ = `=^. "= _ z^H=# `H=.

P qÔQ "~ P |O_ =O_=x OK` P=~}h ^\ "~.

~=H=# îOK~. P ~=HO D [Q`=O\ JO_ =}OQ J<H
JOMH [Q` L<~. ~H~}=x `~}= (Moles of dust in Sun-
beams) = "~ JH_ J<H P=~}# _ KK~. WOHH zÒ. P '=HO
J< #OOz H@Hk [Q` < L<~. =iHx ~Oz`<~.

Hx xOQ L<~. HxHx =OH~\ OH~Q u~Q`<~. WÔ` P
|O_=O^# r= *#=# J#iOK [~QK#k =!
Z=iH ZK@ Z@ H# (W`~) "< *#O iOK@O [~QÒ^
"iH P `= J\ ~= Hx LO\~. JO^K` `À ^$+ D
T~J^=^ H= H# LO_^. "~ "\x J^=Q î
`` LO\~. `~=Q |= HH, WH qye#Ô` H<
K`~=# O|OkOz#^ H^! "~ ''=K@=@LO_@ J# ==~=O`
JO`~OQ=#O^ U=Ò OÔ_< LO@<~. ~`, ~^, ~=`
|#==#O^ LO@<~.
N~=_ : ~=H= x=, Jkf= Jx K<~ H^! JOÔz
[Q` @@"q\? ~OK@"q\?

F Lù H~}O G 291
21. |O_= K=`~O

N =+=i : D '[Q` J#|_#=h z^H= HO> "~ H^. Hx, J*#
^$+H H< H~}OQ J@ ^~*#=O <~. "i J#==#
^$+ @H< WÔ` K#. J*#= K`< D [Q` L`#" #t<~.
nxH =# ^$O`= x z`= H H< ==~". P@= ''Wk
o`~, Wk oH_ =O\ q"kH#e HeOz _ JÔ` "= ==
H_OKK<_ H^! D |O_= $+ u _ J\". Jq H#O^
L^qOz, H# K`< #t<~.
N~=_ : =s! D ''T~Jû~H (#HO^"#H) H#, D
|O_= ZH_#O_ =<~? W=h Jk#=Q |= #O^ `Q
L#q H= H^! Hx |O_=H D #HO^"#H=O^ H# =z_
K<? D |O_= QiOz =iHO` q=iOKO_.
N =+=i : ~pH\ ^+O L# H# H"xH PHO [_ Hx~
KK"? Jq^ O^# "xH <~`=Q ~|= #O^ D |O_=h
JQ<~.
^~= h D~ K# J#iOK =i < ~. JO`Hx, "\H Z\ ÒÒ
^. D =# |O_O i= () Q= HO^, PHO # L<~.
*uH=# îOK#\ =O_` , ''D |O_= PH=# L#\ =\ =^
=O\k. ^k nx 'H =O\q. XH p= H Ô= nx HOk QO
=O_O L#k Jx =i<~.
HxHx |O_= =#+ ~. K@@ =`" L<~.
"\ PHQO =Ò ^=`, H<~ L<~. =iHx |O_=
J\H C _ HeOK|_#\ }==`, Q==`, ~=`, ~ `=`
L`#=`<~. W=h z^H= #O^ LO@, JO^< b#=`<~.
=OKQ_ J<H PH~= OìOKHO@#\H `Q JO` [" H^!
''D $+ == x\H P`=" H~}O Jx K |_Òk. Jk JO` J~=#k.
^^="# z^H=Ô ''|O_= J< `~OQ x~O`~O
< ~. =~ JO^< b#=QK<~. q +` _ J<H |O_ `~O Q
=`<~. JO^ Hx, ''OH~Ò K`, 'JO^H ~ ~= #=#O^
xk L<~ Jx J#=xOK|_Òk. Hx Hx |O_`~OQ HO`
292
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
KH"# ^# K#\H, q+~ "`# P |O_=Oê r=
K= J"q qxOK@O ^. "i |kH Un QKiOK@O ^.
Hx |O_= JC_ L^q LO_Q "\ "@"^\ q^=#
r=== KK<~. =iHx |O_= = =O P#
=Q@ K` ~KO^#H`^ qx ^QO K<~. q HiyÒk.
Hx\H @H= ^~H _`<~. =iHx\ O^ ==#< P _
HeyO_@O ^. ''J@ |O_= e=@O Z\ O=O? Jx J#=xOK
=# x^. W=h z^= H^! H#H |O_=H Lù `<
Ò_ [~QK# q+.
HxHx |= L<~. "=#O^ O^= (H ~}) L^~#@
''z``` = (Knowledge consciousness) #O^ # K# H#h L^~<~.
J~`, D |O_= x[~"q\? K`#. q#. ~~ [#O^
PKiOK|_# *#H~^ J##OK` XH<H ^+ (H r=_) OH=ÒK`
$+x xiOKQ =~O O^K<_. J@ ''*u J~#\ XH<HxK D
|O_= xiOK|_K<~. ``~}OQ D H=# L# $+H , =O^=O^
~ H=O^ U~_ $+ Ô LO> LO_=K. D q+O
_ JOwHi<~.
Hx |O_= |^=_ ~zOK_. =iHx\x q+= HeOK_.
WOHx\x *` ~z<~. HxO\H H~ _. JO^K` Jq =$H^`
=`" L<~. JO^ |kr= ~. Hx |O_= HO^~ He qzÒQ
$+<~. Hx |O_= =O UHH x== ##iOz =i<~.
Hx\ $+ ^. Hx\ =#= =Ò ~. qQ`=h L<~. Hx
}=` =`" xO_=<~. Hx\xO_ H= =`" L<~. HxHx
H=O ^=``#, =iHx H=O =#+`#, WOHx D ~O_\ `# xO_
L<~. Hx\ K#=x [O`= =Ò L<~.
F ~"! W\"# $+` xO_# |O_= WOH J<HO L<~.
"\"\ ==~^ Q T _ JO^#O`\ q. J=h #=#O^
LO_ =H ~" ==i< ~. q+= "^# ^=` _ `= rq`=O`
"zOz#\H "\ i}== è*~. P~}= ~`= ^Q|_#@,
D |O_= '`H~}H L#k. JO^K`< Jq [=, r= "^#
"\x HO_ L<~. F ==f! D [Q` q+ O < ^$+ Ô L#O`=~ ,
F Lù H~}O G 293
WH_ =# J=~" # O` =~ =iOK#. "" xH "\#x\x =iOz <# K #.

Zx H, H@ |O_= Z<x q^=` L< ... JÔ` +,
"xH JO^^x =Ò =#O WH_ KCH=K.

22. q^~^x ^ q<O

b~` P qÔQ H|~ KCHO@ x<~. `= K#
[Q` #O_ =~ "=_K<~. J@ x ~`Q XH<H H}O
bH JO`~O "tOK~. JH_ ^x uHÔ, P H< =kO^
x=Q"# b^q s~O L<~. JH_ L# "~O^~ H`x^ J#q<~.
b^q JK\H "< WK Hey L#O`=ÒK` "o^~ JH_H =K~. =~
JuHk \ b ~f ^q` |O_ H~=# kOz ~H OH=
O~O "tOzOk.

P =O O^~A `# ~ #=` q^~^x (HÒ LkK
b^q ~ ^_) ~[O Ô_u L<_. JH_ Q Ô [~QÒk. `,
K, ~HQ} ~H=O ` ^KQ ^q OKi<~. =#
P OH~ Ô Kz HOu H~ ^==O i<~. ZO^~ g~
<K<~.

N~=_ : F =+=s! Z\ @_x 'g~_ Jx JO\O? Z\ "~ g~~=#

J~`~?
N =+=i : #"# ^~Ô PKiOK = H [# xqÒ
Ô g}O K"_ g~_. J\ Ò }= `l J\"_
g~~O JOHi<_. Gq~ÔQ OKiOK = H~ ~_ =~}Oz#"_
~xH_. J`_ #~H=# O^K<_x, J\"_ L`~`~ "^# ~^##
O^K<_x G= +<~. '^~~H} J# =$uQ ~A H~,
Q}`= H~, q`x H~, ~}Q`# ~HOK@O H~ ÔK
=~}OK"_ ~=# P~}" JQK<_.
^~ H } ~O ~_ =$u KO^ ~A, J`x @ _ ~= # " K<~.
J\HO_, *_#O K, ~~A H~ ~_` =~}OK"_ #~H=<
294
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
O^K<_. XH_ ~A H=K. =~=~< H=K. Gq~ÔQ PKiOK"x
H~ ~_ =$uKOk` #~H`#O xO. J^~^=` }# KO
" =@H@HO@<~x <# Q~ K<#. ''~_ Z@", U u Ô
K =~}Oz< ~" K~HO\_ J# XH JaO HO K~O L#k.
Hx, ''G=K#O H~O ^~Ô XiOz#"_ =`" ~O K~`_ Jx
K|_K#k. ^K~ ~}Q"ix ~HOK\xH Ô K"~ ~.
WH `H#"~ K#k ~ \@ =O\k =`". PH=# KiOK ^=`
^~Ô K ~# PxOz Q~qOK\xH LÒ~` ÔQ LO\~.

P ^ Ôx PHO ^=``, ^=`q=#=`, L`= #==

aÒk. W~" ~A ^~K# `=#H L<~. b~`
W^~ ^q<O K_< L`H`` `= ÒH =OK PHO< XH
q=#O xiOKHx, JO^ Jk~Oz ^ q+=O` K_Q~.
W~" =`=H~= ~zOK|_~. P^ `` "~, cH~
PHx JO@`<~. b^q `# ~H #O OOK|_@O Kz
F~HH, ''<# _ Ô K ZO`Q! J#HO@ L^Q_Ò>, q=#O
P H< Pj#~# ~f^q QOc~OQ z~#= zeH `# ~e K~ "
LOK`< Ô " ^$+ iOk.
JH_ ^ QH WOHq Z=iH q#|_@O ^. J<H=Ok =H [#O
"k =#=[O` H|~# `yOK@O x=Q"<~. J~=$` H\ H
< ~ O_ =QK<~. ''
O îOzO^? J#@ ^ "`=~}=O`
Ju OH~O Q L#k. ''F q`~! g~~! q[", g~ ~" , JO`. ^~ H }
H~ =~}OK= ... D ^qx ô Zx H} L< Jx "
O=`~= g~~O J#qO. =# =`$^ Q_ [xOz#"iH iH`#O,
O QiOz J `? ^. =# =`$^=` =# K# g~~x
kOK~. PHO ^=` q g~`= Kz =i `<~. `=
`KH# Ô_ q~ K# `Q= =O^ ""=@O Kz Q`
`=OKHO@<~. =# "#HO[ H ^. Ô_ =O^ Jx L
#=x << ZQu J~<~. J~#\H iHO^# HO^~
x =Ò "#H =~K<~. ~H"O #O_ i# Qe k#
Z]^#O` xO"Ok. ^ |=, x<^= ~`Q# u^xO
F Lù H~}O G 295
K<~. `\"~ <Ò> W~" x g~"O O^K<~. k

H \K <~. x ''"= =O^~ .... "= =O^~ .... JO@ ^ qH
^`<~. WO`< J< x`QK<~. Ô^ ^ HOKO q[O
KqKz#"~ #$`Q< K, =~H" L~K<~. HO^~ PÔ
K~ *iQ, H"O ` `= H Y_ `xH Z^~K `k`~ =$`^
#=i<~. L<x Q@H# Hx xH = W`~ ==`
*i Ô H#y<~.
D qÔQ Ô JucH~OQ QÒk. WO` Zxq^= *= =yOk.
LH <` zOz ^=# P ~A P K@ `= ^`#
XHi=^ =~H~ O~. W~""~ Q J LO_@O K` ^q~=O
JOîH JOwH~" J~Ok. H} P H=O` OuOzOk. L H=
O|OkOz# = ^~OQO "tOz H`Q`#"ix fHx`<~.
JH_ =$`^=` H_xO_ =$#= aOz#>#k.

H=OQ ~u J=@OK` JO`\ JO^H~O J=H#k. }O^~ xk`
~. ~[=Ok~O q^~^ _ =~\ ~ A Ô QiOz =O`` =K#
K, P `~"` qOu QH#=x P*Oz "i#Oîx O"_. `# #
=oOz H=Hx XHO` xîOK_.
b^q ~f^q PH=# i`lOz ` ~OÔ QO_ ~[Q$O
"tOK~.

23. ^ Ou z` <}O
N~=_ : ! #\ ` ~OÔ QO_ "~ Z\ ~[Q$ "O K~?
N =+=i : PkuH Ou`# "~ J}=}"# #\ ~OÔ
"tOK~#=@ x[". ''<# s~|^_#. XH ~OÔ <<\
"tOKQ#? J# O~= H"~ J@ "O K~. Hx, ^|kx
[~Oz"#"~, ''<# Pu"H ^=#. PH= HO> _ HuH;
~_# J# xO H"~ =Ò `= O~|OK` H; ^=#
_ "o~Q~. U == # U =O ` Q LO@O^, P == P ==#
g_*^. h~ "~H" ~Ò^? Jy* J^=YOQ [i`?
296
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
^ H^! ''<# D uH s~=< LO_^ J##\ J#=~H"# 'Z~H
Q"~ D OK``` =# JkQqOz =iOKQ~.
J~`, XH =Y"# q+ O. h_ L#"xH ZO_"_ g `Q ^ H^! ~= `#
`H# `~"` Z\ ^Y= HeQ H LO_^. Jx\H H~}O D z`". D
z`= s~`= H ^$_=O =ê K`#=# P~OKe. JO^Q#
Qk `= Ke. H*# "~Qk =~h D z`=H
' `= J< *_O =êOK@H~H . XH `_# Kz ''Wk = J< Ja,
J\ Ja= =# Hey# qH@z`=$` `Q^\? ''`H#@O J#
H =#< Jk Ô.
1) `_# Kz '= Jx qOK@O.
2) ''H^. Wk `_ =`" Jx QOK@O.
~O_ _ '`H#@O J# ~=Q *#H =#< U~_ K<~
H^! JO^K` ''*#H =HO`=~ iK "# q+ O H^ Jx Z=~ J#O_^~
QH! L`=Ò P~OKe. J\ `= =# s~|k #tOk.
''z`= Oq`# J#iOz L#>, `= z`=# P~Oz LO@Ok Jx
H [# QOKO_.
z`= : =~H q+O. ~+x` H OH=x ~+x` ^y#
PH~= Q "xx Z=~ Z@ ^xK x~kOKQ~? 'z`= J##^ PH$uQ
Hey#\ Pu"H ^=# x~kOKHey#^n ZH_ LO_^. D s~"
*#=O K` Pu"H ==# O^Òk. F ~=KO^! ~=` H
z`=$`# J#iOK D uH ^= H Lù= [~QK<~
=! ''D OpH~}=# (OK` =#"# ^= x~}=#) J
H~}"q\? J##\ =Y"# =^#O GH~ "uH, ''*#~=Q
z^` J*#=# JOwHiOK@ J< =^#=# x~~<~.P J*#"
^ qQ= X#~K#k. ""xH ''Jk#` (the absolute self in which
every thing else is placed) " ~ Q Un ZH _ ^ . JO^ K ` ''z^H = ,
''z`H=, ''=H= J##q "~"~ H=. Jq "~H=x, XH>#x QOK>

''*#O. '*<K# J#iOK '*#O L^~Ok. JO^K`, z`=#O^ L^~OK
s~=" ^$==O^ _ iOk.
D z`= J#|_#k JÒ` H;"#k. Jk `~}= =^ JÒ` H;"
"K#k. XH ==# =~H ==# =^ "== H~}"
F Lù H~}O G 297
"K#k. D z`= PH= HO> Q JOì`" =iOk. Jk JO~=

("K@ J# HO^) qb#", zQ~O^ ~~" "K#k.
[=Oê `~OQOQ, t =^=#O^ =OQ, "= =~=OQ
=iOk. `# WK =z#@ PHO =#Q^. HO_ Q "tOKQ^.
P! D z`= H == U=x K=O\=? Wk J#O`H" J~=O_
_, J^ =O ~=}=Q =~Q^. ~`" ^$_OQ "#k, P
~Ò '=#= ~=# H\ `=k_ D z`s~".
=^[=# P [O HO> _QO_= "~? H= H^! H\#H@
|O_= LO_=K. Hx J=h z`= HO> U=Ò "~ H^. D '|O_=
J# ~=# ^K#k P z`H". Jk $ k O^ L^Q~`"#
*#~=Q "K#k. =~, Jk PH ~=# ~| H~ # J#iOK
K#k. ZO_== @ ''F! Jk [" J# [`|k ZO^ L^~ Ok?
qK~} ~ÒQ J`=# P~OK@K`< H^! ''J`_ Q_e ~O_= =~_
J# J~~` QO U~_K#> z`=#O^ '[Q` J#|_ = K=`~=O`
[iyÒk. "" xH PH`~_ J~#\ D r=_ `# O^ OHeÒQ
U~_K# =`H"# |kK |O_ ~_ qiK<_.

''<# s~=#. H~ |^_#. ~|H~ ## |Ok<~. D ^$= x

D ^~= <# O^H` Z\? D uH ^= < "~. WH "~ ...
~~ "~. D s~= H}#C_ << _OK|_ K<#...
D r=_ W@=O\ J<H J`=~O~# Qe U~_ _Q
O^K<_. eÒQ, z`= Oz`" =iOk. J\ Oz``= `lOK
|_#C_ D z`= L`"`="# H<=~=< O^Q^. J\ =~=`
=Q |O_=# xiOKQ^. `#`< |O_" qiQ^.
N~=_ : =s! q~ K z`"# q+O KCK<~. = z`=#
|O_" qi#\ H#^? Jk #`# |O_=# _ HeOKQ^?
ZO` P~O! "=, ''Z=~ HeOz# [Q` H~ =O K`<, PH^
H~}OQ< "t OKO Jx =`" J#HO@<O. "= D H$ u H x~OOK
JÒ`" L<=x q< O. ~|H ~ Ku H=" L<=x #=`
=<O. Hx, q~ KCK# ^xx|\ = z`=# =`~"# =O LO_
L#^x è=Ok.
298
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
WH_ <HH O^ O HQÒk. = z`= h "~ "~ [Q` # K< ?
H, XH [Q`# K<? D H#|_ [Q` ^= (`Q J`= Hey
`"#k) HÔ\~? ZO^K`? Z@?
N =+=i : F ~"! <# Kk h= JÒ` H;|k` Q<=.
K O`+O. <# Kk x[". u z`= # W\ J<H |O_= qi * Q
H LO_ L#k. <<! ''J D z`= Z=iH KOk#k? J#
"@"^@ =^#O `H. ''PH` ~_ `#O^# =` _#
|k =# D qÔQ |O_" qiK<_ Jx K# H^! J\ J``=
H =## =" 'z`=Q K|_Òk. H#H, h=<#D a`
q+` =~=#=#Oê u XH~ .... z^H ~". `~OQ= HkQ
LO_=K. Hx [O ~ ^ XH> J~ LO\Ok H^! `~O Q= [=# a#=Q,
YO_=Q KK<? ^. J> z^H= ~^ Ja#=, JYO_=.
z^H~_ |O_=Q qie, =~ P |O_= `##`# XH =+
r=x (Individual soul) Q QOK@O [~QÒk. [" ==^=Q qie,
JO^ P [" HH\k `~OQ=Q H\ `==@O ^? '=+r=_ JO>
Z=~? ''<# |^_#, <# s~=#, <# [# Z`"_#, < WOH `= ^
J##\ """ =+r =x ~= H^! =Q J\ ""= #, `=#
`# `< J`_ PkOKHO@<_. H~}O? (=Q J` ` |kx JOwHiOz
J^xx J#iOK@K`<.)
~, hH q+O =iHO` +_\xHQ# ''#O`~ $+ QiOz
K`#. JC_ xq+O H qOz# [Q` Z@ L^qOz, qb#"`<
QOKQ=. q#.

24. #O`~ $+ =H '"O

F xt`=f! ~=KO^! D [Q` '=~}= J#|_ =~ JO^~
O^@O =#O K< L<= H^! nx< ''~u Jx _ JO@ LO\~.
J\ ~u Q_z# `~"` JO^~ _ "~~ $+# HeOKH#K<~.
"|k H"_, H, XH `Q` ''D HO_ #$Ò KOk Jx J#HO\_
KK"? J^qÔQ =~}Oz# "~O^~ `=`= O~= `y#\ ^$=#
`= z`=#O^ QOKK<~.
F Lù H~}O G 299
WH =+ =<~_Q ~}Q~x q+xH =, J`_ = #O`~O

=~ =+Q ==# qiO*K<_. J^qÔQ, ''<# =+x
J##\ O O=# Hey#"~ =$`= `~"` =+Q ==#
HeOKH#K<~. Uk U"< = #O`~O =+ r=xO^, =+ r=x
O^ _ =iOKK q~l#k ^ ~". ''J\ ^ ~= UHH
Jkf z^H" .... Jx xt`"# |k` QOK^= QH. nxx |\ =#O
QOK=#^q\? ''P z^H" |O^=# `# `< zkOQ, K=`~
~HOQ HeOK H#K#k Jx =#O QOKe =! JO^H ....
''F r=_! h= U=Ò _= H^ =! hH "= ~= z^H" .
=i ZO^ qKi<=? h h" |O^"H=# HeOKHx, J#q<=.
D ~ O_\ P=## x`x+OHP`K`#"# ~=# QOK> *#=
H ~H+ ....
Jx G= ~[# ZQu k<~. WÔ` "= #==
H_HiOz KCK#^.
N~=_ : g! r=_ `# =~}Oz# `~"` =~ $+x `# $ux J#iOz
O^K<_x q~ Jx<~ H^! D q$+x ~zOKK# =+ r=_Q
~}Q~_ _ `# H $ux J#iOK D [Q`# W@ xiOz<_x
=#O ZO^ J#H_^? r=_ $ux J#iOz =~H[# O^K<_x
=#O JOwHi JC_ ''D [Q`# =+ $+H~ `# $u H#K ~zOK_
Jx K=K. JC_ ''D [Q` H~}~`= J< |^ =+ $+H~ (H
~} Q~_) nxHO`\ H H~}= Jx J#=K H^?
N =+=i : ''D '[Q` J#|_ H~" ^ Jx Lx+` "^# P`==#
ukOK QO^^~ GH~ x~O^=Q< KCK<~. JO^ G=K
K|_# XH<H x~} K`#. q#.
==O i~k ^=` _ q^=QK<~. JC_
WOHq qQ#C_ WH ' $u J##k Z=iH? Z@? =\ `` "` P =
=O =Ò> WH |^ q+O "~ K^=#k?
<<! ~=! ZC_` D z^` `# JYO_ q<`=# =~Q ~KHx,
''<# |^_# J# ==# Ok LO@O^, J\ =O Jk J<H Lk
~O~# O^@O`lOK@O J# `ÒQO "tOk. J\ `~u L^
$u H~}=QK#=@ x[". J~` $u LO_@, Lk x~}=
300
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
.... g\x\H =H~}O P z^` `#H ~=Q "H~=#,
qiOK@. ^$= qOK|_# K@ P` == HQ~. ''WH_ H#|_K#
h=<#J`_=# JOH~=^~==+=+WÔ` P`.
P`H =" .... J# suQ P` iOK|_K#C_, ~=
J#=OHQ, ^$= H J^$` x`#==Òk. D r=_ W`~"
~^ "H~_ L<_. ''F~, r=_! h= ~^ Ò`=Q K`#=i"Qx
'' $u J#|_ XH<H^xK |OkO|_ J@~@ îO|_ [_== H^.
$uH =O^ h ~=#k. ' $u H ~ == x~~#k
h" .... Jx "= ~[# Q~ K<O.
''D r=_ =$u `~ "` $ux J#iOz H He`" # $+x QOKK<_
J##k (|~}O "^# G=O^) W`~" GH~K ukOK|_Ok.
~= QOK|_#O` =~ W\ $+ =i< LO\~. J\ $+<
''PHH$u Jx _ JO\~. Jk =H=J=H=, [_=J[_= _
J~=#k. hHH_ $+ QiOz, [<^ QiOz Hx q+ K`#. q#.

D ''^+^$= J#|_ ~O_ ^~= "#"#@ `KK# PH

H$u ''z^= #O^ ueOz#C_ ... JO==, |~~
~QO^=#|_ OK`<`, k ... "^# H;"h L^~<~.
J@ L^~Oz# 'H;= H$u =iHO` qi@K D H Ok OKH=#
(#=O, ~#=O, ~#=O, ~#=O, QO^#=O O^\xH)
H~}=QK#k. ^x< =#O 'Pu"H Ô Jx JO@<O. HO`HxH _
P@==#, P P@== PP~}# HeOKH##@ PkuH ^=
H;^ =O K` ~k^H O\Ok. JC_ ^ =# P~OKHx#
D H, K=, K~= "^# WOk= "\H qO L# ^~=
@ q^==# O^K<~. "=#O^ O^=O_@O ^? J>
[QÔu _ 'z=HQ =iK#k. Ox OQ`=Q
WÔ` D qÔQ J#`=QK#\H ... Wk J`" J~=#k =!
D r=_ ZH_ =~}OK@O [iy<, J`_ JH_ `H}" `# JO`~OQ= x
O~= =O J#iOz ''h=<#J`_ ^~* = "^# ==~=O`
QOKK<_. J~` H=#O^ D ''H= ^~= =O\ q+
=i<~. HH=#O^ D ^~^ =iOK=. JO^K`, ''ZO`HO
F Lù H~}O G 301
`~"`? ZO`^~O? J< H|kH O|OkOz#q =`".

HH=# (xt`|kH) W\ H U~_^. ZO` z`" KK"! ""xH
PH== _Q D r=# [<^ =. Hx PQO`H=# D ^^
H =# _ [<k = #QK<_. Ou JO`\ H H~}O. D
Ou .... ^=~O, ~_, #H`=, q "^Q "\` _Hx
O^~" H#@K#k. [~=~}"^` |OH@OQ JQ# D
''^z^= H J#==# _ = H~}" L#k. F ~"! XHi
iHOz K_. D [QÒ` qiOz# K~K~ [O`=h `= H;
^=` _H#" ''W# == J~#== i~= J#
~=Q J<H `=O^ x=Q" LO@<~. J\ ==~O K`< ''#^,
HO_, q, k, ~uO|=, H}= J##\ =h HQK<~.
''W~+= = îfQ= Jx QOK^=QH.
''<#`xH \#. g~ < èÔ_. g~ < q`. Wk < ^#=. Wk <
H~. Wq < }=, <# _#, WC_ =_#, Hx H=OQ
=$^ O O^K<#. W@=O\ = `H^$ + r=x ''iq`x= K`<~.
D [Q^= =\=\H "~"~Q $^=#O^ iOK@O [~QÒk.
'=~}= J# =~# Ok# D r=_ =~ `# $^= H
~}O H~}OQ `#O^ `# O~=, WK J#"# [Q`#
QOKK<_. J^qÔQ D rqOz# `~}O r=xK QOK|_#k _
O~#Q}OQ< LO\Ok H^! r=_ W@ ZH_ =~} JH_ W\ O~=# qx
îOKK<L<_. D qÔQ uH=, |, q+, WO^, ~k ^=`,
~`=, =^=, n= ... W\q H@Hk H#|_K<~. =~
x+q<~. x~H~=Q ~|=#O^ DqÔQ Zx J`~=
L^q OK~? Zx L^q OK`<~? W=h H OK@O, x~OK@O Z=i`~O KC !
D q= XH Q_= OQ Z^~Q xz#k H^! ""xH WÔ`
=# H OH" J~=#k. =< OH=# "~Q ZH_ Un ^.
=# `#H~ D ^$==~=` _# $+# xiOKHx, J#qOz,
=~ `lOz"Ok. H#H '[Q` J#|_#k =#< OH~=# L^qOz
"# =* == Ok. =x =* O ''JO`~O Q=# U~_ #
= J~#\H JÔ` P =O ''[Q`= `KK#k H^! D
*Q` J#=O _ J\^.
302
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
N~=_ : J~`, , ''=# KOK= D q= ~= Jx =#O
J#H=K? ZO^HO> D q=O` = Z^~Q h`" J#==QKO_Q,
... ''Wk^ J##k =O["\ J=Òk?
N =+=i : <<! D H#|_^xx HOKO qKiOzK_. D q= _
KOK=x, H}OQ~=x h= `H QOKQ=.
z^H" =## P"#k. J\ z^H" '~=^= _.
h~, H~@=. h~ _QO_= _ H^! P ~O_O\H ^"=#k? J> D q+O
q#.
''^+ ^$=Q iOKK<_. (Perceiver is extending himself as perception)
^+ ^$= ^"q ^.
''^+"^$q= ^$O#`=`
^+ ^$OQ J=ì<_. ^+ "~Q ^$=##k =` ZH_ ^.
SO^*e_ PH= #O_ qq^ ==# HeOz <<q^=# "\x
=# H `== JQ_@ K_H^! J^qÔQ J<kQ = _
<=~=# H#Q#*#\ r===# z^H= #O^ (H z`H=#O^)
iO* K#k. 'JO J# *#O L#O` =ÒK`< P 'JO J#|_^xH
'LxH =OK` ~=~ ~= #O^ [Q` H |J~= <~.
J#= =`<~. 'JO J#^x H ~= "==# J=$`==Q
z^H" J~=#k. 'JO J# ''=# =i LxH H =O K`<, 'h=
J# * # = H Q K #k. h= J# '' | = J~ = .... P~ ` " # @ ,
k`=QK#k.
''J"|-, ''`` `" J# ~ O_ ="H= J"`" (<#h=)
J^=< ÔfHi<~.

25. q^~^x n~ rqÒ

=~ =#O H^H "t<O. PH~Q b, ~è^~ `=
`= WK# J#iOK P Q$O "tOKQeQ~.
z^= ~" H^! ''^~*#=, ''`H=, ''ÒH=, D =_
_ z^= H ^#= K`< HQK<~. ~Qq, Ju`=, H;=
F Lù H~}O G 303
JQ z^=# Z=~ Z@ J_yOKQ~ KC?

P =è^~ ~*O`~O "tOK@OK JH_ W^~ ~KO^
L^~Oz#>#k. P K@ QOî`"# Q gK~. P =O P
Q$O XH ~A ` JO` ^~OQ=# J LO_@K Q_x^ ~=
L<~.
~A ZO^H # #O_ H# `~z KK_. Z^~Q ~O_ O#=
Jk+`
# J~ =O\ "iî h Kz `\# K_. H < L# =~ `
#O_ ê xO_Q fHx "i ^= LOK_. Z^~Q ^<#_
~x W@ HiOKQ_.
q^~^_ : F ^=`~! q WîH =~ =~ #=~O. q=# K_Q<
D ''[#= OkO_@O ... J# ~=Q ^ ^+=h `y`<~.
O`~ `= JO` \OK Òk. q [=QQH!
P W^~ ^x "ÒQ HiOK~. WO` ÒH~Q ~f ^q
O^ ''D < ~ b `# ~ O|OkOz# WH_ =K~O è*^#
QH J# OHO L^~OzOk. P" WK# J#iOz P H < xî# ==Ou
x^~K_. P J~eîH O[e =iOK_. ~A H# q#=`` Pj#_
~x<_.
N ~f^q : F ~*! h"=_=? Z=i `_=? Z@ [xOK=? WH_H Z\
=K=? h =$Ò`"q\ =OQ q#Q~K<=. q ==Ou =
q=iOKQH!
==Ou : F ^=`~! q =QQH! q~ Hi#@ = D = H
=$Ò`= <# K`#, q#O_.
WH=Oj_# 'O^~^_ J# <`_ H^_<_. P#
=O~ O ~ x '#~^ _ J# = ~~A =~_ D = =~[Q 'q^~^ _.
W`_ `# k Q}=K = JOîx O`+@K, == eOKK<_.
W`x è Ò_Q '#~^_ q` W`xH ^=U@< ~*a+HO K `=
'"#O *~~. J\ #O_ D`_ |k UO_Q ^~#~O ~[#
K<_. <_ q ~HK = }O eOzOk. ZO` ` K#C_ =`"

"#O : ~O ~A =$Ô ~[O =~A JK, x~# Ô (H)
J~}O P=O xiOKHx `^<^` + rqÒ Q_""~. J^ '"#=O.
304
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
q=O\ ^=` ^~#O aOk. q ^~#=K D ~[=xQ <#, =~AQ,
D = q^~^_ _ ^#"<O.
JC_ ~f^q O#O kyOk. P~^<~HOQ `#" K#
'q^~^= ~A# qOzOk. e\ J=$` = ~# P" J
= `
J`x =H=# $t ''<<! q"H|OK` ~[## iOK Jx #Q
eH#k. <Q~O q# ~== [Q<` eH# ~A J~xge`<`_
J_. JO`. J`x $^ Ox `= JO` `y~Ok. $^ O qHO zOk.
XH H}O `# ~ =$Ò`=O` QOKQeQ_.
`# '^_ J< ~* LO_@O ....
'b `# ^~u. P"Q JÒ` `Q~H"# J#~QO ....
HH=OQ `# ^=#, ~[=# i`lOK@O ....
~f^q =$Ò`=. b^q q=?
JO` q=~OQ QOK_. =^= è_K# "x= J_.
''P! ZO` P~O! <\ H WC_ D ~f^q H~} =# O~ = JO`
QOK#. WÔ` ZO` z`"#k!

26. [Q` H x[~O

q^~^_ : F ^=`~! <# '^_Q =~}Oz =_ ~A =`" J~#k
H^! =i WH_ < J~=k UO_ J#=O Q_z~Ok =! Q, D J~=k
UO_Q < ``, Ò_, `, =, q`, |O^= < ~}
LO_ L<~. F [^=`! WÔ` Uq@=? <H Uq J~=Q@^.
q+=O` < q=iOz K=x x# i<#.
N ~f^q : <#! '=+_ J# }_Q =|_K# s~= tkO
H=@O [iy#k. '=$`= J# =~# Ok# `~ "` JO` =O^ Jk+O z#
^$ ==~= h ^$+ ^= #O_ `y~Ok. P '^_ Jx =|_#
Lkx h= P~OK=. yi Q=Ox qQ$H" Q ~[OQ h $Ô
uaOaOzOk. WH_ WC_ h H#|_K#q _ P Q$=O_=< L<~.
^_Q h= ## L LO_"_=. ^_Q Q$=, ~[= KK=
H^! P JO`~HO< =~}#O`~O D =~=# |O_=# KKK<=.
F Lù H~}O G 305
=+ }x ^x D q^~^xH O|OkOz# ^$#==h

#k ZH_ =#O^ H^ =! x~HOHO> _ x~"# h
z^H=#O^ h 'WK# J#iOz W=h W@ <~.
''< ~ Wk. Wk < [#. <h =O=# [xOK#. g~ < èÔ_. <
Ò_ < ^ = < ~[= Wz `# i"[__. <# `=#
[~Oz, =O`` q =[=#, [# ie< #. [H `_<
[ J#"# qÔQ ~[# y<#. < J~=k(60) UO_
Q_z~. WC_ `~A = Ô_u=K~. ^~}Ô [~QÒk.
< H `~=Q< O< ~_# W^~ ^=` # KK#. gix lOK#.
l "~ < H~ f~Q~. D ^q < ~ $ux qHO*Ok. <xC_
H$`H$`_##. < O=h `y`<~. WC_ <H\ ^Y=
=. UH ~~=Q Y=# =Q_##..... W\"Q J<H O`
J^=#O^ uaO|== h ^ z`~= #O^ uaOa<~.
J~` h= W`~O =~}Oz#C_ W\ *#~O~==~O $Ô
L^~Oz=#k. h~ XHK\ #O_ =~HK\H = .... XH _QO_O #O_
=~H _QO_=# P~ Òk KK"? hH *"O _ J>
XH ^$=# =ê WO`< =~H ^$=# P~Oz uO*K#k.
XH<H _QO_O WOHH ^x` H =iOK@O Z\ [~Q` LO@O^, D
$ + q = = _ 'q = Jq = ==` OOkOK | _ K #k.
z`"q@O>, h =~}=O 'z` ~= #O^ u`=QKO_ D
[Q`h J`~= =! O XH 'xq+O HO J<H O=`~Q
qi#\ J#== ==# HQ@O [~QÒk. TO^ TK xiOK|_
QO^~#Q~Ox ^ _ Q_, <^ JQ_`~. OH #Q~O
`= [##=~} P OH=< OH^+ Hx LO\~ H^! <=
h\ H^K LO_Q, P <= L# [# X_# L# K@ H^K#@
`K^? O, ''<# Kz<#@. JC_ < K@Ki < |O^= U_K<~
Jx XH<H_ QOK@O ^? ~~H"# q+"=O>, ^+ =~},
P =x |O^= Z=~? ZH_ L<~? ^`= HOz#C_ ~`=
#$`=_K#@ H#|_ÒkH^! D =~= # W`~ WH =O^\ [#H~
==~= J\^. Wk ZO` _OQ h`" Hx#\H .... D ^$[Q`
Ou=`", q^ J~ Ok.
306
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
`! q^~^! ""xH h= [xOK@O ^. =~}OK@O ^. h= L#k
=~H_ H^. ~^ ^q*# ~=, O`= J~#\ ~=Ò^
"K<=. J\ h ~=# O|OkOz# "= *#O hO^ qK~}
=OK qHOK=K. ^, hO^ 'qK~} J# "Q `y#O` qOKH=@O
K`, '^$ `^` = J##k P`*#=# H LOK@K, h= W> J<H s~=O^
OKi=K. Uk, U"`<O? h "=~= ^q*# `! J\ h^
~=# HQQ |O^=Qx, J"O`~=Qx <^. u XH `~OQ=
[=H ~" J~#@, ur=x H "= ~= ~ |" J~=#k.
U ^$[Q`` WC_ h`" Z^~Q LO_ LO\O^ .... J\ D ^$
~OH ~`=K ''xiH =k J# ''JO`~OQ=#u O^ H
=K#k. J~`, P =O _ ''~` (H) ''LxH LO_ L#k.
P LxH '*Q`# HiOK_xH J#H}O ÔQ< L#k H^!
H|\, F bf! h= ~`_"Qx, ""xH XH<H Lk =`_=
H^. WO^ OÔ ^. h= hO^ ^$J^$=#|_ L ==
O^ ~^ HtOKK<=. ''@=, ~H=, 'yi "^# Q=^,
h= <# .... W=h q^ J~=<~. =+q x Q$H=O_" b^q^
q~ ~[=# #`"#k. P Wî JO`~H =O_O< D q^~^
~[=O` LO_=#k. J~` ' =O_H=, 'D h= K# ~[= _
x~=Q |" J~=<~. J\ |=#O^ q, @}=, J~}=,
~`=, #^ "^#q =. D [# i=}=, ~~ ^~#= _
q^. ''JO` z<`=K ~"#k Jx QOK!
q^~^_ : ~[ =H~}"# F [^g! J~`, D < J#K~O`
Z=~? g~O` _ PÒ^ [xOz, PÒ^ "K<~? H, "i LxHH
P^~O WOH^< == L#^? O K_|_ <=~=, g~O` LO_
L#@ < J#===@O q^#="#O\"? g~O^~ PÒ^ `~
"K<~? ^? H 'P` J#|_#k _ q^<? h "H=K HO`
q+ O KKQ J~= `#\H, HO` J=" U~_K#k. ## O^
WOH @H< L<~.
N ~f^q : F q^~^! P`~= 'qk`"^= (`H#|_ K#k
`H#K#k), ^ ~= _ J~=#k. z^H ~=Q ''P``` =
#O^ P` HO_ "~Q ^=O@ Un ^. ^^ ~=Q ^xO^
F Lù H~}O G 307
[Q^= LO_ LO_@"q\? P = "="# ~= O^@O Uq\? pH\

K_|_# `_ q+ O ''Jk = H^, `_ =`" J# ` *#= L^~Oz#
`~ "` WH qH~= K>H _? ''J` = H ~" q\ Q Oz# `~ "`
WH [QÔuH K@ LO_^. 'ZO_== J#Q Uq\ QOK "iH "\O^
[Ou +Oz ZO^ LO@Ok? = #O_ `~# `~"` =x
O@# J`"H_?
=`! 'J*#= J< "O `y` ''~H= K", ~"#
^xHO`\ H ~", UH~~" H\ `=Òk. J\ ~#==
#O^ ... ''<#, h=, [Q` "^# u` |= J~"q\ _ ^_^.
""xH D <# h=[Q` J#|_#Ô` "K~O= =`". h=-h J#K~
~=`#O^~!

(S^= ~A qK~} i J~Ok)

308
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
P~= ~A
27. *Q`
N =+=i : F ~=KO^! WH =#O P~ ~A qK~} ~Oa<=.
=_ _, Jk` _, L`= |kx "_ .... JQ"xH D J`[ Q` =[`"
`== JQ_K#k. J*x, J=_ J~# _ pH\ XH "_i#
K@# Kz ''Wk `_ Jx qOz ^Y=# O^`_ KK"? J`
PH~= Hey#\ D [Q` _ `` *# `= #\ =~[# J<H
^Y~O ~ # HQ* QQK#k. ~H~} = Z_i [O`= h\ H
= HQ*K#@, =_# WÔ` `==< QKiOk, Ok.
O XH<H_ ''<# =~}OK# J< J#=O O^@O ^? =_#,
=~`= =Oz#"xH D '[Q` J# ^$= #O_ OKx H+=O@ Un
LO_^.
JA# P~}" H#|_Òk Qx, P P~}= |OQ~= HxOK^ H^!
|OQ~= KK HOeH J<H P~}= UH`" J#=O HQ^. ''=
`= x "xH D [Q` #O^ ~= == H#|_ O_, ''h=<#~=#Q~=
... =O\ = `H=Q q+ = =`" QKi< ~. XH<H K ~yH PHO
, H=, OK "^# J`== JQ LO\~ H^! J>
~=~ ^$+## D [Q` HxOk. H#H, ~"! 'JOH~= "^#
==` _Hx# D [Q` XH n~ ==O\k =`" #x Q OK^= QH!
N~=_ : 'q^~^_ `#HO> "~Q `# K# $+ Hx#"i QiOz
~f^qx J_y<_ H^! ^$Q P ~+ ZO`=~ `" =iHO`
q=iOKO_.
N =+=i : ^ ~"#\ ~=` =<|^K H\ O|_*x "_.
JO^K` J`xx 'JK`_ Jx KCK<~. J`_ z<` ~_, O`_,
x~u_. J`_ `=. hH, <H ~ H "= ~= J`_.
~Q`_, ~H`_, ~`_ J~ =O_ _ YO_x= =`H"#

K`= è|_#k.
F Lù H~}O G 309
^$+H H#=KK<_. J`_ = =# J~H^ J#" L^~OK

OHeOz#C_, `^#~" D Hh U~_K<~. WH_ =#O =<
^$OÒQ fOÔ. = K_|_ #Q~Ox #Q~"O^~ P
=O `=Q< `KK<~ H^! "ix HeOz#k Z=~? ^+ H^!
^+ H ~K` # " H=^ =# L#k. P K` # = ^+
H "##
J#iOz, `# P^~"#\ 'z`=` He HÒ O^Òk. eÒQ, P
^+ ''<# =#=_# .... g~ < " .... "~ "~<~ W`k ~= Q
^ HQÒk. J~` K`# HH =O K`< ''<# #~_#. <# W\"_#
J##\ '^ (Sense of deep understanding) HQK#k. J\ =# H \ =
K`< *Q` [Q` `=#@ J#==QK<~.
N~=_ : =s! ==` s~_Q ''^+ (H ~_),
J`xK QOK|_ ^$= .... D ~O_ _ q^#x <# XCO\#.
Hx, D '*Q` H#|_ [Q^ =~O 'q^ Jx J#@O Z\? D 'h=<#
"^#=h h`" = +OQ J#==QKO_Q, ''WÔ` J`=
Jx qOzO_@ Z@? q~ ''W=h J"== Jx KCK#\H =
=Ò D q+" ~=Q q= HQKO_@O^< Ke.
N =+=i : ''= #O^ .... P =x =, == .... P
=O "= =< Jx < ~ .... Jx K \xH =}O Uq\? ` H#= O
` "~ =}O ^H^! D *Q` q+O _ `H#=" =}O.
''Wk WC_ ` = Jx D ^$= q+ O qOK|_#Ô` ... P = @,
O@# @, ^~ *=@ U~_# Ja == ~" H^!
(It is all the essence or "culmination of opinions" on persons, incidents and matters). Hx
J=h H}H}O =~ KO^K< L<~. Q "\ == H#. H##iOK

D *Q` ==~=O` OK@ [~QÒk. ''J#= ~O~ U~_KO_Q,
=~H ^$+K .... ''WÔ` == J`= .... J#@O = J#=O H~O
=O[" J~=#k.

$+ ~O=# =O^ L#\^k? $+~`=Q ^K`#= H^! J\
''x~JYO_Jkf K`#= #O_ =+$+ ~=Q O= (Self
creator) H =+ =# `_, J#"
`_ HtOKK<_. J\ 'O =

z` ~= QOK#\ ^`` =
310
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
H OH~=# [xOz# D [Q` _ `"! ''=+ r=_, J`xK
~zOK|_# D q= `= .... Jx L`= ijQ "Ô` GH~
ÔfHiOKK<~.
J~` WH_ ''<#h, h=< `"#"~Q #@, [Q` XH~
=~HiH `== <~. ''O H#|_ #Q~" `= H^ Jx
J#HO^=? =i J\"~ J~#\ D *Q` [Q` J#== 'h=<#
"^#q `=HxqQ< J~=O_e =!
<=^ h= ``_" # >, `k`~= _ '`` J~ < ~.
H#H ''WH_ = Uk? `"k? J##k qyOK|_#C_ Hh D *Q` H
"==O =# J=QÒ H^. ''= O~= kOKK#k J#Q,
''J\H JÔ` `==< #k J< J~O. JO^ D =~=#O `"
# 'h=<# J##" ^$O`= (H =}O).
D q=Q O~=# <# h `"#@, h= _ < `=Q
K<=. J#Q h= h =# ## Q~=Q, ^_Q O^K#>, <# <
=#O^ x# ^~^=~A =~xQ, < t+xQ, <H+xQ x#
QOKK<#. "" xH ^ "H Jkf K` # = JYO_" , h< ~Q
"K#k. ^xH "~ Q H#|_Ô ` =`" ! ''Wk =`= J# q+ O
`^$+ ^$_`~=QKO_Q OQ J=QÒ HQ^.
N~=_ : =s ! D *Q`x 'h=<# "^#q Jk#=Q K`#^$+K
^=H^! = _ W\^H^! ^+ "x# `~"` =
K_|_# #Q~^ J> LO\? H ^+ "OKQ< J=h `y`?
N =+=i : ^+ ZH_O> JH_ ^+# J#iOK *Q`Qx, = Qx
LO@Ok. '*Q`Q ^x<` h= Q<" .... JÔ` h= P qÔQ OHeOK@
K`< J@ aOKK#^x QOK. K`#= `## `# WOk#==ÒQ
YO_`=Q îOKK#C_ J#Q `## `# iq`"#^xQ îOK#C_
.... P =O WOk#==@ U~_# h`"# =# '[Q`
Jx K|_K#k. ^H^ ... *Q` ^H^ .... W=h ''Wq W@
Jx qOK ^$+< U~_ LO@<~ =!
=~H K=`~"=O>, J< XH q+=# XH f~Q îOKK =
O^KO_@O [~QÒk.
F Lù H~}O G 311
XH<H ^+ H =x =+K`#=, P O `lOK|_# `~"`

_, LxHx OkO_@O [~Q` LO@Ok. D q+O =#O =O^-=O^
KiOK`<O. '= ^= Hx^k? W=h `Q `= HH~
#\H `= =< "K<~. Ox ' OQ=== "=#
"K#@ `KK#\H .... K`#= ^Hk OH=# JOwHiOK@
K`< D =*=O` Ok. =~ *#=# qHOK@OK ~`
JH$u==Q =~=# "eq~Ok. z^H" `#O^ '[Q` H =
HeyO_, P =x ''h=<# .... J#|_ ^~*=O` `< J~,
H@#JH@## x~iOKK#k. Wk =`" WH_ L# q+O, x"O _!

28. ^~OQ "O

P qÔQ [^q H~}K q^~^x $Ô *<=$Ò` xO_~Ok.
q"H= JOiOzOk.
N ~f^q : F ~*! JO` QOK= H^! D b *#^ K xq`"
WH_ f=K#. D" WC_ ^$O`~HOQ ''D |O_H# JO` q^
=`" Jx QOz#k. "= =z#x i J~#k. h =QQH! WH "=
= fO\=.
q^~^_ : J=! [=`! =#= L`=#"i ^~#Q" =~=HH,
= O * O k H^! WH H~ }=^ ~}= Q h ^~ #= =$^ J=Ò^?
^. h P[ H~" ~= [~QÒk. XH_ XH = #O_ =~H =#
"#@ ... <# D ^=# i`lOz h OH#~O ~^=# Q#.
x# îOz#O^ <HO` O`+OQ L#k. <# ~^ h ~}Q`_<. <^H
q#O. L`= `=# P~Oz# "ix `lOK@O `Q^ H^! JO^K`, <#
"=K\H < D =Ou, =~} _ =K@@ J#QOK.
N ~f^q : J@< JQQH. D ~}~OQ=# h= =~}OK= L<=. q~
'Pu"H^ OK ^ x #Q~O K~ =K<~. JH_ r=K= ", s~=`" _= #
h ^ = O^`=. JH_ h =Oux, =~}x _ O^`=. P ^`Ô Q
~[O U`=.
"= Z@ =K" J> =~Q=.

312
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
PqÔQ "~ O+OKHO@ LO_Q, WO` XH x_ JH_H =K_.
''! =^= O\ `#= D "# =Ok. =# #Q~= <Q "
xC JO@Hx 'K@K@ ^#` `Q|_Òk Jx KQ_.
HO q#=\Ok. XHiQ ~[# Q=HH, JytY '^Q^Q
^ # q#=K~. PH=O` Q` xO_~Ok. H~ | +` , ~,
`k`~ ~kOKQ~. P Jy ZO` ~[O^# |_^ KO k. [# =#
L^= ^y=O_#@, HO^~ [# `Q|_K# W# =ê O`=Q
HO_Q @O|=Q ~Q f ^QHx<~. =iHO^~ JyH
Pu J~# `= |O^= H|~=# =ê D=H ~H`<~. P! D
}# ==H~ |O^= ZO`Q H\ _~! x _ ''==#
~HOK"~=~ ~? Jx P JytY =Ôz PHO^#O K<~.

WO` ~[ @= + `# KeH ` ` ~[Ô "t Oz, ~A# qOzOk.
KeH`, ''F ~*! P^= îOz `x JO`~O JH`Q "tO
K~. q ~#Oîh |OkOz Qx~. YYQ qiK# D
P^ #O_ == ~HO KH qHHiH L#k Jx ~k KC HQ~. JC_ ~A
b~ ` " Kz, ''F ^=`~? <# ^ # ^_ < " K<#. < `~A
^h ux JuHqOz JO`~O # " = # L^ # @<~. WH q[",
g~ ~" `HH ` ^. q=# q_z " K#O^ Hq OKO_. < ~# ~HO K
~O q^ Jx eH q#=`Q #=iOK_. P^ } cH~OQ Q~#K
^q" `~e"_. J`x ~HH "z# x J`xx J#iOK~.
b^q ^qH `~e"K# q^~^x " #O_ ^$+x =~e ~[
@=+ " KzOk. ZO` P~O! P @=+ JK `#Q< .... `#
uaO|= J#@#k.

29. z`= Z\ LO> .... ^$= J>!

b^q : J=! [Q<`! Wk Q=xOK"? D =~}x K_. ^x ~[O
<# U ~= Hey L<<, D" _ JK J^ ~= Hey L#^q\?
nxH"< `H H~}=#^? Wk HH`m=? WH_ =O`#, =O`#
KO> ''WÔ` ~~[" J#@ `KK#k? JÔ uaOaOK ^$OQ
F Lù H~}O G 313
g~ < '" _ L#@<~? g~O` K`#? H He` ~=

H"~?
N ~f^q : $Ô .... =, == O|OkOz# *#O HQK#k
H^! J^qÔQ H}HO J#` _ HQK LO\~. =O
==#, =#, O@## K# z`" .... P ~=h =Q
î Oz ==iOk. JO`Hx O z`= # "~ # k, "# k U ==O^
Un ^.
z`H z`=H PH~=# O^K#k. z` K`#= J# ^~}=#
J#iOK D '[Q` J# ^$= JO^ uaOaOk. K`# ^~}=# J#iOK
^$=H J#=O LO_ LO\Ok.
1. OH~ (Concave Lense) ^~}O ^ ^$= z#Q H#|_Òk.
2. \H~ (Convex Lense) ^~}O z#q ^qQ Hx~.
O~= Z\^ LO@O^ ... z`=# uaOaOK [Q` _ J\^ J=Òk.
""xH z`K`#= ~=O^# (*Q` +O^#)
=^"#k. Hx, Jk ZH_ =# L#@Q `KK#k. O H#|_
== WO^ =# ^$O`=. ^~*=O` JO`~=#< ('with-in' only)
L#\H ZH_ |@Q L#@ `KK#k H^! F b^g! HO` H;|k`
q#.
''[Q` J#Q ZH_ =# L#k H^. JOìHe`"# ^$= Q#
(Internally or Inwandly visualised perception) [Q`= Ok. H|\ D [Q`
J#|_#k =# HO_ JO`~OQ= #O^ =<~=# LO_#k.

J\ JOìHe`"# D [Q` ZH_ |@ L#@ `KK#k.
b^q : J=! h= Kk JÒ` K=`~OQ L#k =! ''D =K K_|_Ô`
""xH "= = JO`~=#< H< ==~=K J@ QOKK<= Jx h=
uk#@<=. Hx "= ""xH WÔ` =#< L#@ O^K<"?
ZO^K`?
N ~f^q : J@ `K@ (H O^@) H~}"q\ K`#. q#.
''^+^$= .... D ~O_ K`#" H^! H#H ''~= .... D <#
h= [Q`^~=` _# [Q` .... WÔ` ""xH ^ K`#=# "~#k
H^. J~` K` # = ~ "H= H^! JO^K` ''JO`~= #< `KK# q^[Q`
314
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
z~H JO =#, Z\ P@OH= O_, =# O`"# ==~==
`KK#k .... Jx QOK. ''D ^$OK= W@ |@Q W\HC_
K<# Jx D r=_ J<H [# J=OK` ^$_OQ qOK@K Jk
J`xH J> OKK#k Hx, ''WÔ` < JO`~OQ" W@ Q q+=Q
HeOz, îOKK#k .... J##k QOK<_. `# ZK\H` iOK_
JK@ J`xH U J#= O U~_ LO_^ . J~` D r=_ XH<HC _ Q~"H=}
=O K`<, H, G^ QOK@O K`<, H q=~K`< .... H D
=_\ =#O K`< .... ''D K_|_#Ô` < JO`~OQ=#O^ z`=K
O~~ =# W@ J#= =QK#k Jx Q < _. J\ J=Q# ~ _ Q
J=O K` .... ''B#! <# K`#" ~=Q Q"_#. D ~= _
K`#". K`#= HO> "~Q '<#h=[Q` J##q = .... J# K`<#=O
O^K<_. Jk k==Q ~#O^#u. J\"_ "H~_
JQK<_. J\ J#=*#= Q r=_ t= ~_ +_.

WC_, D =~} D =O` W`~ ~[=x "i= ZO^

LO@<~ K`#. q#.
h ~ W`~= =~}Oz<_ H^! J@ '^_Q =~}Oz#C_
+Oz#\ O~=# J#iOK, J`_~=# QOz<_. =~}
q+" HO_, =O` q+O _ J> [iyOk. J`_ WC_ _ ''D
< =Ou < "O@< LO_# QH Jx ## JiOK@O q<= H^! J~` g~O^~
=#\ =< JQ_K#\H ''=# |k JOH~= ^$ g~ "iH
Ja##HO@<"? H^. g~ "~#"~. J~` K`#=#O^ g~O` '^
=!
*Q` J#`=QK# == === HO_ HO` ~
^~}`=` _ L#@x#=@ x[". Hx, D *Q` == O|O^=
_ H=OK` #t< L<~ H^! J#Q ''U U O|O^= JÒ` h `=
Q "==x XH =O `KK<, =~H =O Jq J@ `K@O^
.... J< q+O "_ _ QOKQQK#\ q+". XHC_ LO_,
=~HC_ `y O|O^ '"== Jx Z\ x~~=?, ^$O`xH
''D"# <# qOK#. D" < ^=`. D" O> < rq`" x~= Jx
qOK|_# XH<H O|O^=, =iHO` HO `~"`, ''D" <H\ ZO^
F Lù H~}O G 315
îOzOk? J# ~=# _ O^=K# H^! WH WH_k "=O? J~`

D r=_ Z\HC_ .... ''Wk WO`, WO` =`" J##\ h`== Hey
O_@K` .... D [Q^$= H KOK`=#, J``=# QOK H=
K<_. Jx\H H~}O JqK~} =! ^~^$+ Q *#Q =h
D =~= #[Q` x J` `=, ^$==< |k O^ += Q `KK#k.
F b^q! =# D qK~}# J#iOz ''*Q` J#`=QK#
=*=O`, '<`= J# Qu Hey#k .... Jx è=KK#k.
'' *Q^^ *Q`#
^+

*Q` =

*Q` =O =O
= J`= *Q` J`=
HO *Q` 'J` JQK#>, *Q`H O = 'J` JQK#k.

J> H;|k` =~H q+O _ q# : [xOz# H}O #Oz =$`=#
O|OkOz# u J^" JQK#k H^!

[# ~u ..... [xOz# u ..... [<O`~ u
J> =$`=O D [#Oê J#== =ÒQ 'J^=

JQK<~. == Ô=QK#C_ .... "@"^@ P == H
J=== q#+=`<~. P `~"` H=OQ P == H, J=O kOk.
J@ P == `y`# =O XH<H q~#=O (Altogether a different
state of Experience) HQK#k H^! J> (1) [# =O^ Z^~Q LO_ J#=O,
(2) [xOK@C_ J#=O, (3) P s~= Hey#C_ U~_K# J#=O,

(4) ^#O`~ J#=O W=h XH^xx =~H\ qOy"<~. J~` b! D
Jx uQ` U ^+ H J#=OQ ~HH K< ... J\ P ^+
`Q` ~_. J`_ ^K`# ~_. J`xH D [#=$`=
PkOK|_*=.
316
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
F f! b^q! D qÔQ D [Q` ''` (LO_#k that which
exists) H^. ''J` (H#k : that which does not exist) H^. WÔ` z`=#
J#iOz H== Ou ~OQ Ok. ''== J#|_ XH<H u

G=K kO|_K#k. P u O^ r=_ D [Q`, WOê '<#h=
"^# ^~= LO_=. XHC _ LO_, =~HC _ aOKxk ` "\ J=Òk.
`"#k uH=K (`q+`-=~=#=K) J^" (kO|_*x^,
`yO|_*x^) LO_e. ''=~HC_ H=#k WC_ _ LO_O_^
Jx QOK> *#=.
JO^K`, ''Jk#=Q '|= XH> `= Jx QOK. |" D
[Q` J~=#k. ZO^HO>, P '|=, #O^ '$+ J# O` L^~< ~.
=^= #O^ `~OQ= KK#@ |=#O^ D [Q` `KK<~.
Hh ''D '[Q` J#|_=h PH= ^$+^+O K` HxOK H= ("O@H
=O\ PH~=) = q^=`" .... J#@O OÔ ^. P! Uq
K=`~O! Uq "zÒ! #QeO^ "gzH z, HO` iOz,
WO`< ~OKK#@ .... D $+ _ L`#= =~ |= #O^
qb#= `<~. JO^K, b^g! P`== #O^ X#~ |_K# D ''h=<#
hk<kJC_WC_ J# qQ=h q^ Jx QOK. =$Q`$
[== ", =`H"# $+ h q"O^H KC? ZK>~`
Z\ OuH U=Ò K@ LO_^ .... Jk '~=^= J~=#k =!
Q_O^H~=" KKK# J*#_, ''J=#! JH_ XH ^= <
H#|_Òk. P HêH ^x"! J#=#O ^ J##\ Oux O^K<_.
''<<! JH_ ^ "q ^ . h = h J@ ÒK Ok. J=h "`~
h= KK K@, Q@, Q_ Jx Z=~< K<, J`xH #=HO ^~H=@K
''^. Jk ^" Jx `_, KK"? J> [##=~}=` _Hx#
''J*#"" e`= J~=# D [Q` Q J*#~H Ja=
=# D r=_ ` "q\ Q=xOKH =K<_. ^~ " , .... J#Q, ''^~=
"=O. <# s~=`_#. U^ H Ku H=# .... "^# ^~ae
J<H [#Q JOK@ JO^ H~}O. J~` D '^~= ''P`H
== < "=="#k. =i <# P`<H^ .... =O\ ''^=K
[~O|_Q^. D '[Q` J#|_ ""O r=xO^ +OKQ ... JC_
qQ#k ~=`=Q |= XH>.
F Lù H~}O G 317
''D [Q` `= H^. < ^+`= ^. ^+`" xK@ ^$"\

LO@Ok? H#H '<# J# ~=# iOK^x` D ~= K`# ~=Q
|= H ~}" J~=#k. .... J##\ *#=K D [Q^ `,
qs`^~} `y`~. JO^H~H r=_ ZO^ uOK~^ KC?
H =Q J*#" JO^ J_ JQK#k. J*#=K L`= =~= # LHO K@O
K`< D r=_ `# "= ==# QOKH=K<_.
'|= HH WH `=O@ =~n ^. D ^$= `= H^. XH ^~=
''`=J`= .... J##\ ~O_ "~"~ ^~=# O^^ H^! ''=~
KO^@O J# ^~ = Qey#\ ~ = q_<_ ''=~KO^x `` =# Q Oz#C_
aOK#^ P |= H ~=.
''D [Q`
H q^`= Q OK@O JÒ` ^~ " # q+ O J# JaO
Hey LO_"i` "= U=Ò UHqOK@O ^.

b=u : J=! J D [Q` H x[~"q\? J\ nx x[~=#
QOKQeQ"~=~? "= WO^ QOK=#^q\? `lOK=#^q\? [#h!
''D [Q^ =~= == \ _OK KO_Q< "= ~=`# QOKQ=?
.... J# OÔ == =^@O ^.
N ~ f^q : ^"Ô^, PH=#O^ ~= }= L<~ H^! P ~= }=
=^Q K`#`` " D [Q` H, x[~= =! J~`, J} =^
=`=K Ok= a# D <=~ ==~= D [Q` H
"= ==Qx, ~=Qx U=Ò H^. PH~^Q OKÔ` 'q^
Jx QOK. D ''<#h=^~= .... J##Ô` "==Q L#k H^.
Hx, '= H~}OQ J#`=QK#k.
WH, D [Q` H "=~= '|= Jx QOK#k _ |"
JQK#k. |" |=# QOKQ^. |= Hx^n |=# QOK
*^. (|= u |<! <-|< |u) z^` `# "= ~
==# =~z `# `` =< [Q`Q QOKK#k. =~HC_ P z^`
`# ~ ==# Ziy, J\ Z~HH ^$_`=K D [Q`# Jkf=Q
~=Q QOKK#k.

''<~^ ~^=~u ..... ~^_ Hx"_=_ ~^x JiOK*_ .... J# ~Ôx
"H~O W^.
318
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
JO^K` F b^q! h= |=H `` =# QOK@H Ò K~.
''Wk =H@ Ô? =~C_, ZH_ D q+O zÔ .... W\ J*# ^$+ h=
OÔ_^= QH!
~^"#C_ H\ H QO_, WO\H "tOz ~H~} '` ~}=
iq~, KK"? J^qÔQ '~=H= J#|_ ^xO^ ''|O_
== =O\ J<H `~ }= (^ oH}=) iq < ~. "=#O^
'K#= P K#=#O^ += #O_ |î# ''QOÔ Wq_=<~
H^! PH= #O^ '#`= J##k P PH=H ~===
J~=O\Ok H^! 'J== #= J~#\ D [Q` J> |=#O^ LO_
LO\Ok. H H~OQ J*#^$+H H#|_K# D [Q` ""xH x~H~"#^
=! J~` ''WÔ` x~H~= J# Jx P~OKe. J@ Q#
J |OK` JujOQ ~qH~ "@O`@ J" `yQ=.

30. "fÒ
b : ''J D q= ZH_ #O_ =z D r=# îOzOk?
N ~f^q : WÔ` #k x[=<|= K`<. ''=#x\H P=
JYO_", ^"# ''^z``` = ... `# "= ==Q Jkf`=,
~O`~q`= =~z, H H## P~OK@O K`< Jk D [Q`
H J#=O O^K#k ... Jx "Â H\ OKK<~.
JO^K` b! =#K Oz#^xx =<|O`< Z^~"e. =#
=`< `yOKe H^! ''D [Q` i~|=#O^ xez#k '~q^"
.... J##\ =<|=< P~OKe.
''D [Q` J`= Jx KC@, ''WÔ` ^ Jx ukOK@O G=
LÔ H^ =! ''~A=#O^ ~=H J#u= .... |" J~=O_
` Q x~H~"
# D [Q` # O^ h= = `H" # J<H` =# îOKK<=.
J\ =# `lOK J##^ G= L^~"#k.
XH<HK@ XH q^=O (False impression) J#`" LO\O^#H ... P
^~=Q# `Q^\? ``= ~O_\ h H;|k q"K#=` ijeOz
''Wk `= ... Wk J`= Wk Q=. Wk `[= .... Jx QOK@K`<
H^! = `yO|_# `~ "` ... WH JC_ ''D r=_ ~ =# ~= H~}=
F Lù H~}O G 319
J# q+O J#=~HOQ Ò_ è=KK#k. D r=_ `Q<

~_. J~` '<# r=_# J# r=Ou=#< r=`= Ok. D [Q`
`==h! HHh! Uk U"< Wk z^H=#O^ <Hx#k. "H~=Q
"= J\ J#==< HeyO@<=. ==# P~OK = J\
q*# Q=< kOKK<=. kOKK<=.
J D O~= H L`^#=# =H~}O Uq\? ''r=x O^Q
QK WO^ =H~}= .... Jx K|_K#k. ""xH D ''$+
J#|_ ^xH, WOê ``q^`= O|O^" ^. XH q+O `=
H=K. q^ H=K. WO^ Q q+=O@ Un ^. Hx .... ''Wk Ok#C_
<# O`+= O^"_#Q^#. # ^d`_# J# ~=Q QK=$u
~O~#~= Lù#=QK#k. J#Q, D r=_ =Q t=~_
LO_ _, `#`< 'WK J# ^+=K, H, ''H~H# q+ = J# ^+^ oK
H|_ LO@<_. P WK `^#O`~= J`xH W~+=Q, Y^Y=Q
< ~. P J#= O XHHC_ O~O Q =#\ = < LO\Ok. =~HC _
XHO` eH`#, WOHHC_ i =uiH=Q< LO\Ok. KK"! b! 'WK#
J#iOz ^$= O^|__O D r=x 'ÒH` <=# x~OKK#k.
Hx, D 'J#== J#|_#=h q^ ~= J~=O_, r"H=#
P~OKHx LO@<~.

D r=x WKOH= |=# J#iOz Hx~ s~`Q#O`~O

_ "#H\ =< `=, O|O^=, = "^#q OqO*
O@<_. J@ [~Q#> =# D q^~^x q+O =O` ~ "^#"~
W`~==< uOK@O [~QÒk. J~` J\ D O~ ==~=O`
`~=Q PÒ^ U~_ LO\Ok. ''Wk `= Jx Z@ Uk OHeOK
|_K#^, Jk J> "= " O KK#k. q^~^ x ^ OH`` =Q D~x
WK# J#iOK D @=+ b JK h =<#k. ~=#O^ UHsuQ
iOz LO_ P`K`#=#O^ W@ 'u ~^ uaOa< L#k. P
~=h P JO`~O Q =<O J#iOK L^~ LO\~. r"H=#O^
"@"^@Q OH= L^~Oz, P `~"` H=OQ P OH" =#O^
W@ ^$~=# QOK|_K#k. JO`~OQ=# L#^ =# HtOKK#k
=!
320
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
F b^q! h=, <#, PH=, $kq, D ~A, W`x @=+, =O` ....
"^#=h z<`" ==Q Hey#" JO== #O^ iOKK<~.
D [Q` H#|_Ô ` '` =` == HeyO_@K`, `` A ''D [QÒ `
z^H= H Q~=#O^, "=#O^ O^==, LO_=#k Jx KC
K<~. Wk Q Oz#C_, h == Uq\ _ Q Oz, ~ = J=`=.

31. P~^# H~O

WO`, H^"O` P^= îOz ^~OQ=# "K# `# ~#
K L# ''kfb (q^~^x @=+) J`_ H#=~Q J=Q<, `# ^$+x
=~e P H< L# ~f^qx KzOk. "O@< P"# qOz }=O KOk.
kfb : =`! J~=, ^=`=i=, H~}~=i= "QO^K#
q~=~? <# u~A [^=`Q ~f^qx Ji LO\#. F JO! J\
< u=Q $^^=` h" J~ LO\=xOk. P è < u~A
~u@ ^~#O k LO_k.... J=#. P ~==xx h". D PÒ
== H_\xH =K"? < `b! h =~ =~ #=i<#.
N ~f^q : f! q^~^ f! h= =rq`= <@ KeOz# H `
<# ZO`Q< "KHO@<#. JO^K` xtO`~= =. h WK =z# =~O H~H.
kfb : ^g! XH", < ~ q^~^_ D Ô ~[O KqK_==
^=# `lOz =~HK\H "@O [~QÒk H^! J`_ ZH_H "< JH_
<# D ^=`< J`x ~< LO_#@ =~O kOK.
N ~f^q : =`! h= z~HOQ xiOQ ^n^` JiOK=.
JO^K` h HiH J> <~"~QH!
kfb ~= O`+~ H$`[` ~HOQ }=O KO k. WÔ` Q=x#
~b ~f^q " uiy `# Hey# OÔ "e|KyOk.

~b : Ds! h= ÒH~eq H^! h=O\ ÒH Uk Z@

OHe Jk J> kOk. <HH OÔ =zOk. h= ## W`~O yiQ=O
f"#C_ < ~s~=` f^. P s~=# ^x ^=
H < `lOK~ OK=. Pu"H ^ =` (=<=~=`) =`" h=<#
F Lù H~}O G 321
_ yi Q=O "=. h= JC_ J\ x~O ZO^ fH<=? WC_ D

kf b q+O uH Ô` ~# L`~H==~ J#iOK\xH
J#[ W<"? ZO^K`?
N ~ f^q : F =~=~h ! h L`= "# ^. Hx, ''~ f^q J# <=~=`
q~ P~kOKK# <# ""xH Z=ix? ''x+`` =Q P`==x =`".
<# =Q Un K#. ^xH _ H~#H#. < ""xH D <=~^
_ =. urq WK-*# ~}Q L# < uH~O Uq LO@Ok?
J~` D D <=~^ ## LOKK# < H L# P~^#
O H~ JOwHiOKK<#. D r= ## P~kOK@O ^~ K#k.
`=`= ~~^#. J\ P~^#H [#OQ "~ P H~H#K#
e`=# O^@O [~QÒk. WO^ <# ^xH 'H~=# Qx, 'H~}=#
Qx H#.
Oq` ~" Jk#=Q Qey#\ '[ J##^ < ~=.
r=H ~=Q 'zKH <# H^! W@ <# ~r= JO`~OQ= #O^
''H`= ~=# LO_ L<#. J@ LO_ r= "Oz`=# `=ÒK`<
Ht`"#~K LO\#. nO "QKO_@ =ÒK`< `# 'WK O_<
Qkx ==#x\h P nO H#|_#@Q KOk. <H 'LxH =ÒK`
r= $^=x P "Oz` q+= Ht<~. U r=xO^ Z\
H L^~O^, Jk J> eOKK#k. <# Z=i WK H~}= H^ =!
JO^~ L#k ~=< :
h= ## P~k#C_, hH r=H ''<# =Hx O^^# QH J#
~=# LO_ L#k. ^xx J#iOK h WO`=~ Ô K#. K<#.
< =K#=, K~ "^#"\K H~HOQ h ^+~`"# ==#
kOKK<#. ''=H Oê J# JO`~OQ= #Oê f"K =i |k
LO_ LO_@K 'z`H =OK` J> =Hx O^=. Z=x ~+H~= H
`j`= U suQ LO@O^, J`_ P =< ^==#O^,
O^K<_. F H;|n! b! ""xH ''zKH, '`Q<, H
'^=`Q< J~, ''PH= #O_ " =? .... J# qÔQ P q^
`=Q [#=# kOKK#k. J~` D r=_ J\ =O
HOz` = #QK, ''D ~Q ^=_, P HQ ^=`, D qÔQ < D
[#=# kOk .... Jx qOKK<_.
322
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
J#Q .... Z=~, U ~`, Z@ P~kOz< ... J@ P~kOK|_#k ''
zKH .... Jx QOK^= QH! z` `= HO_ WOHH_ Un ^.
''P~^# J##k ~+H~= H ~=. J\ `j`" P =#
WOk. JO^K` h= Uk O^ Q~K<" J^xH J#Q}OQ uOK.
JO`Qx, <=~ HH=^ ^^$+K = KOÔ_^=QH.
Oq^`` J# # HOz` H^K# I
O ^û `<! ^K `^~ II
'z^== J##k $+OÔ`\ "Oz#k. ^x `#~" 'N
L^~OK@O [~QÒk. H|\ F b! Uk L`=", U =~= #O^ =`j~
=Q@ =z`", ~", "@"^@ QQ qK~} K~. G=, Q~=
JO^ h HiOKQ~. P q`"# =~=# QOz, JO^H~H uOK.
D O~ =# `lOz P` ^=O^ 'JK` ux P~OK.

32. ^ q
~f^q ÔK` ~b, kfb, PH=Oz ^ q
Q=xOKQ~. [[|= "#O\ ~Q, q^~^_ `# ~^= `#
=^ "tOK_. Ô JuOH~OQ QÒk. W@ J@" "iK <<
q^=# G= ^=QO= q~l=|_K<~. Z@" Kz< ^#K
K@ K@, H=K= ~} ~}.... |=, x ^<ÔH~,
H~ q#|_ K<~. P Ô O^~A^ HOK= K~ H=@O
Lb Q=xOK~.
Lb : [Q<`! W^q\? D =# q^~^x #O "#HO[ ",
''F@qx, KqK_=K#^? .... Jx JxO^? h _Q q^~^xH h=
`_ LO_LO_Q J[O HQ@=? `=Q O^ ^ ~A q[= O^@=?
J@ [~Q@O J^=x "= J#HO@<=.
N ~f^q : a_~! JkQ, q^~^x `=Q P O^^ ~A# Q=xOK~?
J`_ ''<# < `= q[= O^^# QH! q~"# ~[=# KH=ix
JQ^# QH! Jx HOHOz#"_ ## KHO P~kOK_. JO^K` J`_ D
Ô [~OK=#k. q^~^xH q[= kOK H ^. J`_
J[" O^=K<_. ZO^K`#O\~? q#O_.
F Lù H~}O G 323
<# z`~}x H^! JO^K` WK-*#H ~=# JOî

=# LO_ L<#. Z=_=_ Z>@ ZO`Q P~kOKK<_, J`xH J\
`= J#iOz J\ =< kOKK<#. Z=~ U qÔQ U <=
~^` P~kOz< zKH ~=Q #< P~kOz #@QK#k. JyH
L+ == =~#@, < == _ XH f~Q< LO\Ok. <# ~^,
~ O^ [ `` =< (*H #-P =# ~OQ Hey, WKH ~}< )
"KO_Q WH < `=q\? q`q\? JO^~ < "~. JO` <^.
<# JH\ ` K`#=i<, JOîH Jk#=< "K<#x QOKO_.
WH D =~=# q+xH = .... D q^~^_, ''<# =_#Q^# QH
J##\ f"K ` ## P~kOK_. JO`Qx, D ^= #O^ q[= O^@=<k
J`x ^= H " O_^. J`x P~^# [#OQ J`_ =H~_
HQ_. W`x i^ ^ O^~A, ''<# Z\Q<~, H~[=# [~OKe.
KH=ix H"e Jx ## P~kOK@K, J`x @ P [#= J> kOk.
Ô Qez# `~"` D O^~A KH=i J=`_. KHO *~O[HOQ
D =O_O eOK=K<_.

P ~A Ô =yOk. =~<_ =~ Ô P~O"#k. u=,
QO_Q_, }=, JG= .... "^# "\K O=~O [iyOk. H=OQ
W~" #O K|_Ok. O^~Aq^~^ ~A XHi<H~ Z^~<~. "~
J~ #~O =~ = `= ^q <` PHx H "~. q+= # P~kOz
# "i^~ XHi<H~ f=@^. P^= |=`, ^#+OH~=`
k H\~.
`# ~ H } Q <}O QOz# kfb, ''=`! ^g! KK",
< ~ H ^ q<O? < <^_ `H Q_ Jx ` uO_<
KC Òk. Jk Kz ~b~` QO#Q #=HO@<~.

^=O^< Ò^=*=" I
===~#=~< =# ~ ~ II - Q=n`
Q = n` *#QO H$+ ~ = ` ''J~< ! Z=~ U qÔ Q ## q< ~, "ix P H~OQ<
J#Q<#. ""xH Z=~ Z@ P~kOz< (U ~<== P~Oz<) "~ =#k <
"H .... Jx K<~ H^!
324
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
P W^~ ~A XHi JGQ=# =~H~ =~~KK<~. O^~A
''"<GO y JO^ uQ q^~^_ ''^GO yOz xs~O
K"_.
O^~A ''<QGO yOK_. ^~=h q+i`"<~. JO^
Q# ''Q~_GO yOK|_Ok. O^~A ''`"GO yOK_. JH_O`
OH~" # pH\ H}
O J=#k. JO^ uQ ''~GO yOK|_Ok.
J#O`~O O^~AK yOK|_# ''~HGO .... ''<~}GO K`, PQGO
.... "~}GO K`, +}GO ... "GO K` LOuO*|_~. JC_
O^~A H"O` ""GO yOK_. P JG=K [xOz# "gzHK
q^~^x ~Ô y]# u~QyOk. uQ '~`GO yOK|_Ok. "=
^`ÔQ O`` Ok#k. O^~~A '=*GO y, Jk '|GOK
x~kOK|_Ok. "O@< O^~A 'KGO yOK_. JC_ \# K
q^~^x qOQ\xH <H z qOKQ~. "O@< q^~^_ ''K=
(q#+) JGOK "\x xOuOK_. Kh ôQ =i <~~. JC_
O^ ~A yOz# '~HG= #O_ \# `` Q}O `# # O L~H@ O
Q=xOz# bu `GO yOK_. `_ [xOz `Q} x qOy"_.
bu LQ_ XH Q_ ~ H # K` @Hx '=~H GO OHeOz yOK_.
^xx x~kOK_xH L# LO XH>#x QOz# O^~A '"+"GO
yOK_. Jk Q=xOz# q^~^_ ``~O KO_ `#_, "+"GO
yOK_. P ~O_ JG= #O_ W`~ JG=, P^= ["O
"=_Q~.

O^ ~A JO` Q=xOK_. ''P! D q^~^ _ WO`=~ JG=# x~k <

HO Q_"<_? W`xH L# JG|O ZO`\ ^ H^! W\ HO_ W`xx
Y_Ô xiOz"# Jx J#<_. Y_=# K|x#"_ ~Ô q^ #Oz
HO^ ^qH_. q^~^_ ^ =~^# J#iOz `#_ Y_î ~Ô
kQ_. "iî =^ K cH~ " # ~@O [iyOk. z=~ O^ ~A q^~^ x
qQ`r=x K"_. q[Ò` O<Ô K_. `= ~A <_O
Kz# q^~^x x ~[O JOwHi Oy~.
q^~^~A <e<_# "~ ^"#O "OzOk. ` x #Q~
"O K~. ''UHK`=O_k_# O^~A [=QQH J# x<^=
F Lù H~}O G 325
#Q~Ox #" q#=K~. J`x Ja+H=# ~OQO Ô K |_yOk.

^ i=K k O`=~. #`# ~A O#O Jk~OK_.

33. ''^+`= # =O^ L# '^+

~b =i`_ LK x=# =Ò H\ < < _# .... `#
_Q q^~^x KzOk. P" $Ô K~#O` ^` xO_~Ok.
~b : JO! <# D ^Y= iOKO_ L<#. < ~ JH_ ~H=_Q
H@O@<_. J`_ } `lOK=K<_. P# JO`\ ^Y=# O^
|^ <# YO_YO_=Q p|_=K# H^! J=! h tH ` J`xx kOK=^.
#< tHOK. h= K\ èq H^! h =Q = Wx H KC?
N ~f^q : U==? b^g? =~ h= K=`~OQ = _K<==!
WC_ hqH_ XH J^`"# q=OOQ=O KK= H^! J~`, ~^$+ =i
"= ^$+` K ... WÔ` `= =`" =! D =` [Q`
~ " # Ô@ Uq L#k KC ? q^~^ x H D q~~ [= ^ x Q$HO<
L#^x, P ^x =[=O` =+x Q$HO< L<x =~K"? J#Q
=+} Q$HO< WÔ` q^~^x OH[Q`Q LO_#k.
''h=<#D =i`~# kfbq^~^_O^~A gi G
Q K`Q~ ~O`=Q D |O_= .... W=h yiQ= Q$HO<
"K<~. W\ ^$=, J`= J~# O@# h= ^dOK=#
x U=#^ <H~=Q@^.
H#H uH! h= "= KO^ O_ D O|O^ O^= = Z\" , Z=iK`
HeOK|_ ^Y=# k< QOK. WÔ` O He`"Hx "~g
H^.
^ ~=Q P` XH<HC_ =~OQ ^$=#, = "^# ==#
HeOKHx, JO^ `^`= KO^K, `# '~ u x U=~z J<H L^
`#" =iOk. =~HC_ Lk` UH`= KO^H, `# 'z#`= #O^
O`|kx HeyO@#k. ~=# Jk#=Q (D ~= ZO^ LO_
L#^ J\^Q) P` ""xH Lù q<#= =. D s~^ Lù u
= P` H '^`= x``= JYO_`= J"`=
326
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
"^# H}= Q ==# U=Ò x HeyOK^. WH h ^Y
"O^? JO^K` F b! ''W`_@ <_q? D D O @# W@ ZO^ [~Qe?
J##\ O~=# O|OkOz# ~o x H <\, P``=< J#q
=# P`H ==< uHOKH"e =!
J" = : ^xK`# Z\ =~K~ O^^ . JO^K` P` ^x`# " O
^.
~^, ~`, ~=#O^ "eqi# D P` ^+`=` _Hx
^$=#O^ H\ `=QK#k. J@ H\ `"# `~"`, P ^+`=#, ^$=#
`# "# ^x= QOKK#k. WH D D |O_ =O_= ~O_\ =^
L# PH" D |O_= H LxHH #=, H~}`= _! Hx J\
z^H= "" xH ^~ #"# ^ =! JO^K` D '[Q` J#|_#k "" xH
^ . ''=i H#|_Ò^? JO\"" ? J@ H#|_#k O He`=Q = =
=`"!
=# QOK"x (^+H) "=~= ^K`#" H^! J#Q,
'^+`= H< =O^ D r=_ ^K`# ~_ LO_ L<_.
^+ J=Q# ^$ J#=
^

i}
K`#= ^+`= J=Q#
= ==
~x #O_ H~}==, =^= #O_ `~OQ== '^K`#=

#O^ D ^+`= |~`=Òk.

34. ^$O `Q^\?

W@ = # QOK"_ (^+` =-^+) J` ", H
LO_Q, WH = `H=Q
q+"H_? J\ = HQK#k Z=iH? JO^K` ''= J#|_^xH '`
^. Lùq<~`=Q ~=^= H P` XH> LO_ L#k.
^= (~) b : =i D ^$=O` ZH_ #O_ =zOk? Wk `Q L"q\?
N ~f^q : WÔ` ''<# ^+# JQ^#QH J##\ HHe` =# #O_
U~_#\ .... ^+ "~= H e`= =`". ^+ H K`#`` "
F Lù H~}O G 327
H~=#, H~}=# #`" #k. JO^K` D ^$= LO> LO_h,

^x=# =# =K = Qx, #+= Qx ^ . D H#|_Ô ` *#^$+` K_|_`
K. JC_ ^+^~#= J=O [OQ< kOKQ^.
^= b : J=! ''~= ^= JO> Uq\?
N ~f^q : x# h= [##=~} ~`=Q#, OHH=Q#,
O`=Q#, P^=Q#, J<== (It only exists in it, nothing else exists in it)Q#
QOK. ''J> `k`~ "= ~= _ J##\ 'Z~H HeyO_=.
h= ''x# `k`~# J@ îOKKO_@ ''~=^= Jx K|_Òk.
(~=P=## ^= ~#=)

35. D H#|_"~O` Z=~?

^= b : [Q[#h! D q^~^_# z^H |O_=#, J> yiQ=
[Q` # O^... J<H= Ok [# Hx < ~ H^! "~O` Z=~? ' He` ~
=O\"<? "~OîH H"# 'J`=, 'J#== LO_ L<? ^?
N ~ f^q : P [#Oî P` "i"i ==# J#iOK J@@ iOKK#k.
u"~ "i"iH J#=Q uO^ OKiOK K<~. J~` `` AQ"~
=Ò D [Q`# Qx, $+xQx `= JO`~OQ=# OÔ_< LO@<~.
"~ D ^$=^=#O^ `k`~`@ P OiH ==~=O^
WOk^K #K#\H, WOê ``= qQ= QOzO_@K,
D ^$=#Oê `=J``=# J=Q# KHx# `~"`< J@
#K<~. H#H F b! D [Q`, WOê <#h= "^# ~ ^~=`
, [#~`"#k. WÔ` PH ~=Q '|= HO> "~ U=Ò H^.
^$Q" K<O^K# ... D q, ~`=, =*= .... "^#Ô`
J*#=K`< $^ = #O^ q[$OaOk. ^$O`xH, '^+ KK =#Q~O
Oê H@ <`H= H^! D *Q` ^$= _ J\^. $Ô`~"
# PH=#O^ P`K`#= ~`="# D [Q`# QOKK#k.
'[Q` J##k 'P` H 'z` H H# =`"! JO^K` XH J} =`"#
K@#O^ _ << PH~=` _# [Q` J~\ @= Wq_=<~.
~= ZO`\ q~"#^#\H, JÔ` L#k XH<H 'z`J}= #O^ H^!
D q~"# [Q` _ XH<H z`J}= Wq_=#k. W\ D [Q`
328
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
J#OÒY z^}= L<~. JOê u z^}= =~ W\"Q J<H
[Q` L<~. P [Q`x u J}= =~ J<H<H [Q` ... J\
[Q` XH<H^x O^ Q XH Ôx JO`~O ^x uH s~O
LO_#k.
D qÔQ yiQ=[Q` - ^~[ [Q` - q^~^ ~[[Q` `~_
=~ h=-<# =O\ ~` ^~<~ =!

36. =~}#O`~O
h uQ kfb `# ~Q q^~^_ <H~Q@O K_Q<
`# =i@O KK= H^! q^~^x r=K`#= ^x Ô L#K\H
xOKK#k. D kfb r=K`#= _ ^x K~@H P~@_K#k.
^=b : D kfb = JO`~O Z *~##^? JH_ Z@ îO^?
h= ''h uQ kfb Jx =iOK= H^! <# P" ux Z\
J=`#? JH_ ^x ~[=#Ox iKiH D"# Z\ K_=K<~?
WÔ` |K=`~OQ L#k H^!
N ~f^q : J=#. WÔ` |K=`~". WO^x Hx q KCK<#.
q#. Wk qO> h= h =$Ò`=#, =~}#O`~ ^# _ QOKQ=.
q^~^x ~= L# h ~ ^_ P '^x uH s~= LO_=# Q$O<
D [QÔu#O` îOK K<_x J#H<= H^! WH D ^=, WOê
[##, =~}= "^# O@#h O@#= Ou =`=#x
=~ XHi Q~ K<#. J#Q J~O Uq\? WO^ H#|_ [#O` [<k
qH~= U=Ò #\ P`~ J~=<~ =! Ou K`
WÔ` ^$OQ QOKK<_.
''h= ## K_@O <` O+OK@O J#|_ =xî =^ WC_ U~_K#
WÔ` _ ==O\^ =! D [Q` W@ uOK@O =#<, Wk
''^$= Jx K|_Òk. `` = QOz#C_ =`" D ^$`= `y
Òk. P` XH> ~H= O^ O~`" LO_=#k. ^xx P~OK
h= <# =~A "^#=h q[$Oa<~. J^qÔQ, kfb q+O
F Lù H~}O G 329
_. D" ^x =<=$u =# L^qOzOk. h ~ ^_Q =~}Oz# =~H}O

J`x z`= bH PH$u ^Q, J\ =<qH~~=Q PH$u #O_ D kf
b "=_Ok. J`x OH#~" x# e# b# =# QOKQey<_.
D z`= Juz`"#k. Jk ''PkuH ==, J#Q, uH ~=#
qOK@O .... J# Oz``= O^K# =O ''D <= ~=
`= Jx `KK LO@Ok. =~ ''D PkuH ==~=O` OK`
OQ=", ^$", J`" L#k H^ J##\ |k ~_#C_
'Pu"H=# `=x `KKO_@O [~QÒk.
h ~ '=~}= J#|_ =~# Ok# `~"`, '#~# J#|_ =~H
= # O^@O ~OaOK_. WÔ` XH_ XH = #O_ =~H =xH
}OK@O =O\k =`". J\ D #~<#=O `# "#< D 'b
~OQ J`_ WH_ Ok<_. #~# J##k XH = #O_ =~H =
"tOK@O =O\^x, P ~O_\ x îOK ^+H "= ~" ~=`
H ~=x K# H^! KK"! h QiOz U~_# OH" P b J~
=O_@OK, h" P b" L<= =! ''z^` ~Q`"#k H^! JO^K`,
"< ==Q =~H s~=# (h", x#, e# ~=#) QOzuq. P z^`
H WK =O K` kf b _ x# QOKQey#k.
~Q`"#\ |==# XH<H K=`~`"# =q+=
H#=KK#k. Jk ZH_ h ~=# Z\ "# Hey=O@O^, JK@ P f~Q<
P ^$==~=O` ''=#O^= QOKKO_#. WO^ " =#
^$O`=. ''<# = XH T~ "o<#. JH_ Q He@ HO^~
[#` O+OK# .... J##\ # ==O` JO`~OQ=#< U~_Òk.
Hx, =O^= Ok. P` ~^ ~", ~H`= H^! JO^K`,
Jk `#H "<# ~O H#|_@O, HtOK@O, J#" ^ O^@O "^# q
b=ÒQ [~QÒk. ^$O`=#, ''=+_J~Oû .... } Ô`
W^~ `=`= ''=~}=~# Ok# `~"`, =~ ''=~HK@ J# =#
O^KO_i. P =~HK@ Jx qOK|_K# K@, ''.... g~ = èÔ_ ...
Wk = ^= .... Wk = ^#= .... Wk = H~= .... "= W@ q"O
KH<O .... UH=O .... g~ = i[# ... D < ~ < JÒ`
"# k ... D < ~ <Q XH =^ ~#|OÔ .... W`_ ## U ==O^#
q_z LO_ _^ ..... J##\ |k|=# =~Hx L<~. J=h W~=i\
330
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
J> =i<~. D $+x r=O^~ P == @, =@, q+=
@ W> `=H |k|OK, =`H"# J<H q^=# O|O^= `=`",
HeOKH#K<~. WO^ =#O x`#= "# =< ^$O`=Q fH=K.
O Kz# WO\x, ''Wk < W Jx, O Kz# [##, ''g~ < `
q` .... Jx P =O ^+ ""#u< O^K<_ H^!
Hx P W, P [#, L<~? LO> ZH_ L<~? O> J#"h ZH_ #O_
=z_~? P ^+ ''=, L^Q=, P"=..... =O\q ZO^
O^K<_? Ox P O@# J`xH J#OQ<, uOQ<
... J`xx O`+O*@O, ^dO*@O .... "^# ==~~o
Qey LO@<~ H^! D *Q`^$=, WOê [#, ^~*= _ J\^.
J~` `y#O` ij<`H"# |k H=@K ''Wk "== .... J# |k
U~_Òk. WOê H}H} .... ''=~K~ .... Q=xOz# "iH WH_ _
"=x [==O\ J~` H#|_K< LO@#k.
D kfb `# ~ =~}OK\xH Hk H} =O^ r==}=`
D ^= #O_ |_e#k.''=~}=~# Ok# `~"` P"
OH#~OQ z`H=#O^ 'LxH H J#= =# O^ y#k. H=OQ
P" ~"# (kfbQ Hey# O~=) J#iOz qH=
O^yOk. ~ $ux J#iOz `# ~ x^= O^@ ^x uH
s~O L# Q$=O_= # " K#k. JH_ P" ^ x HH=@O [~QQ ^.

37. kfb
N =+=i : qO@<", ~=KO^! kfb ~f^qx `# *^K
#O KH#k. J~`, ~= H J=Q# q+O =Ò HO`
JO~`= Hey#k. |k =iHO` qHOK =#k. `# P "<=
^=`< ~H =H=# O^#H#k. `# s~=` PH=#O^
H=H~=Q H= xOKyOk. ''< ~# O^=K<# H^ .... J#
UHH =# P"# HO*Ok. J@ "K XHK@ Z^~Q XH x KzOk.
J#Q, kf b^q H 'OH= J< JÔ ~f^q OH =OK`
'=i J# ~O uaOaOzOk.

F Lù H~}O G 331
=i : F [^=` H ~! O^s! h QÒ! <# h H~H ~f^q

P[ D PHÔ "z<#.
kfb : F! h= <HO> =O^=z WH_ "z#O^ H$`[`.
^" OO `~"# h= HxOKH ` D q PHO WH < Qu JQ=QK~"
Jk.
''=Ò^~#O <O#H^K# x+"
h=O\ L`= ^~#O T~H Q_^ H^! < ~ ZH_<_? ##H_H
"O@< fHx.
=i : J> JQQH! ''<# =HO> JuH;=, =^= J~#\ Pu"H
^=#. H, H;s~=# J# =## ^$_OQ P~OK. J\ H;s~
î}" ## J#iOK. JC_ x# h ~ L#K\H HxQ#.
kfb J> Pu"H ^î =ix J#iOKyOk.

[^=`Q ~f^qK O|_# P =i =O^î K` LO_Q,
kfb |O_ z^=Q PH=# "tOzOk.
H=OQ "i^~ '"=O_O ^\", '"=O_O "tOK~. ~
=~=# ^\~. #H`=O_=# JkQqOK~. WO^_, ^=`, ^H=#,
u=~# _ J<OQ ^\"~. '|O_ H~~= K~H<~. =OK
=H O_ \# C_ P O_ , ze #\H, =# =OK YO_=
h\aO^= ~=# K~` LO\~ H^! J> 'OH^Q kfb
|O_= #O_ "=_Ok. z`=` siQ P" OH=` [x`=#
'|O_= J< q==h `# JO`~=#< J#qOKK#^x QOK.
Jx J#== =H~}O O~=.
D qÔQ P" |kH=h ^\Ok. =i ^=`` _H#^, |O_
H~~= (~H= H=## space) ^\"Ok. [= "^# P=~}=h
JkQqOzOk. JO`= JO@ #\ z^HO "tOzOk. P z^H=#O^
JOMH=Q |O_= XH^x HOHH\ H#|_O_ LO_ L<~. XH
~Q XH ~QO_ "tOk KK"? J>, JH_ L# JOMH=Q
|O_=x XH<H ^x =# kfb, =i, =i "tOK~. P
|O_=O_= HO^ L# ^x ~[=# qOK~. H=OQ JO`~O,
^x uH ^= L# Qk "tOK~.
332
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
kfb Z^~Q ~H uH^= Kz ~` #=Q=O
O^K#O^ ~=#Oî`~#k. J\HC_ `# uH^= Hey#
J#= =# Ok#k. `# =$^"# Ku" # q^K, HOz` ij#Q J~K` #
KKH#k. #^~ _A@# iKH#K, =i` O+OK\xH H
Kz#k. Hx, P H# ZO`Q P" H# "uH<, =i H#|_^. ''D =i
Z@ "o~#^ H^! J=#! = Z~Q|_# `~"` = H~}OQ U~_#
^$#= O, J\ ^$^~ #OK` U~_# qH~ ZH_H `< Uq K QO?
Jx J#H#k. P" `# ^$+x =~ J~ ~O_# `# ~ =Y="
=~e#k. `# ''OuK q+=O` QOK <~OaOzOk. ''P! W`_ <
~. q^~^x ~=# Ô O^~AK KO|_, g~H=# Ok
WK@ YOQ xî<~ H! ^gÔK` <# D uH s~O` WK\ H
~QeQ#. <=O\ J^$+= O` WOH ZH_< , Z=~< , LO\~? WÔ` ~ f=`
H$ H^! Jx J#HO@ P Qk JO` HeEzOk. JH_ Q XH <=eOK
K=~= (qxH]=O\k) KuH fH#k. `# ~H P^= H~ gKyOk.

38. H;^ =< =O

~b ~f^q H< L#k H^. P" `# L# #OOK kfb
^ x uH^ O LO_ #\ `=H JO`~ Q$O "t OK@O Q=xOzOk.
^=b : J=! ~f^g! h =~ÔK` P kfb ^x Ô LO_
L#\ =H JO`~ Q$O "tOK@O Q=xOK#. D =`ÒQ=O`
Q=x# < JO` J=Q`=QKO_@OK < U O@# _ P~OQx,
YOQx, ^YOQx, =iOH ""O Qx HeyOK@O^ . Hx P Q$Ox ^Q} O,
$` kfb# Kz#C_ Uq J#HO\~ H^? "~ Uq K#<~?
N ~f^q : ~=` ~"H= H^! 'xu H ~}=#, zù
=#, =#OH= H == =# JH_ $`, b_ `= `=
z~iz`Q< qOKH#K<~. ^Q}O "^# "ix Kz kfb.
''g~O^~ < ~ O|OkOz#"~ H^! H#H, <_ O|OkOz#"~. WO^
#`#"# q+O JO@ Un ^ J< qOKK#k.
Q, h qOK@O [~QÒk.
F Lù H~}O G 333
^=b : D K=`~=O` Q< L#k. Hx, <^H OÔ. ''D ^=

`_< <# < ~H q` Oê J< =~O h =^ #O_ P kfb
Ok#k H^! =i P" `# uH ^=# PHO `lOzOk. |O_=#
H;Ô `_< ^\"Ok. P ^_ L# Q$O, J#Q < JO`~O,
"tOKQ< ZH_ #O_ P" Ô OzOk. J\ ZO^ [~Qe? P"
uH Ô`< |O_H~~= ^\=O_=K# H^!
N ~f^q : 'ZO_ h_ LO_Q^? ZO_=#K@ h_Qx, h_ L#K@ ZO_Qx
LO_*= H^!
J|^Q"~ }=OK` ^H= Ok#\H, "~ Ô`
P ^ H= "t OK~ . ~}Q~ _ (|^=_) "^# $+ x=
$+H ~O=#O^ .... XH P@ Hx x== ~zOK|_#@, .... D
$+ ==~=#O^ Hx x==# HeOz<~. ''`= J`=`
H=O_QH .... J# x==# x~~Oz L<~. XHxO^ J`^$+
iQ `Q#O` =~ J`_ uH^=` |O_O`~ÒQ xOK_.
Hh, a_! L`"`="# P`*#O H"~ OH~H"# =# P=
Hey=O>, "~ `= uH ^=` ^H= "tOKQ~. ~~`
P`< îOK J\"~ `=# P~OK t+ kOK@ H~H, H, ^+ tH}
H~H, `= ^=`<, H "~# ^=`<, "~"~ H= "tOK
QQK<~. XH ^$OÒ q#. XH _, JÒ` J*#O JO`~OQ=# ~Hx
=O_Q, pH\ " Kz#C_, J`xH P pH\ `_ H `= Hx~.
Hx J\ Òu x ^"iH P pH\ ^ Hx? ^ H^!
''Jq"H= J# [~O L#O`=~ 'q"H= J# j``= L^~OK^.
J ''Jq"H= Jx =#O ^xx <O? ''<# $kq "^# OK`
xi`"# D ^=# Hey<#. D ^=K, W@ WO`=~ xqOK|_#.
< D ik ÔK#=# iq`" #k. J#~=Q ^`=#
'Jq"H= Jx JxOKHO\Ok. ''^î J~# < PH=# xOKQ
H ZH_ LO@Ok? J##\ H$`x= Q"~ PH OK~O Z\ KQ~?
KC? JO^K`, ''*#=q"H==~=}^= H =#< [# D
uH ^=` J<H H=O^ OKiOKQQ K<~. J~`, ZO_\
xC~=_` Jq ^QO JQ#@, r=# 'Pu"H ^== @" Oz
#C_ D ^= JkQqOK|_#k u~iOK|_#k JQK#k.
334
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
^= b : PH Q=#=, ~H OK~=, =~=K OK Q=x
h= JO@#@<=. JO> J\ =~= `=K <? H,
[Q<`=Q hK P^=` ~=# =~= kOK@K a<?
N ~f^q : =~-= _ H#H~# (W`~= x~iOK |_#
s~H=#H H#), J#iOK LO@<~. H|\, ''r=# `=#
J#iOK [#= k<~ J# Ju` Ô`=# =~^
==~OK` =K @ Uq LO_^ . F ~! b! D O~ ==~=O`
HO` H;^$+` ije D q+O J=Q`=Òk.
x`` =Q ^ = ~ ^ J=", ^" , #" ... `# ~ ==
`lOK O_< ... ~ ^ LO_ LO\Ok. `_#O^ XHxH ~ Ou Hey` HQ=K.
Hx, P `_ ~== xK^ H^! ~= #\^n Z\ H~=
X#~^. H|\ H~x=QQK# u XH~ ~= Hey L<~. J\
~= ^ " J~=#k. J\ ^ " |=x, P`Q " #_x, ~" ~_x
~@ J<H <=~=` HiOK|_Òk.
JO^K`, F b! =#Oî U XH~ @@^. KK@^. D K=
@H#|_#=h ^`^$+ =`" LO_ LO@<~. Hx ''Wk =$uKOk#k.
<# \#. KKK<# J##\ q^#==O` ~= (Previous
Experience) =#< q[$OaOk. r=# JÒ` J<OQ D #`=Q
O $`= HQK#k. ''[xOK@, WOk=, WOk#== ~

J#= = ~ ù J~# xi#= O ... W=h H# K`< qOK|_K<~.
''H# .... H# J=ÒkHx `"\ J=Òk? D 'O~ $u JO`
J*# 'JO`~=#< L^~Ok Hx, ZH_ =# =Ò H^x QOK.
h\ uaOaOK KO^x Kz ''J=#. Wk "==Q KO^_ Jx _
q_ KK"? D O~= J< = _, ''Wk =#< "=`=
Hey#k J# ~=# J*#= K`< qHOk.
F b^g! `` A, ^~~ JQ"~ =`" Pu"H H=
"QQ`~. uH^$+ L#"~ "~. ZO^K`#O\"? q^ ===
J~#\ D 'PkuH ^= `=# PHqOKH#Q^? ^.
=# kfb ~`= QOz LO_H~#\H `` A~! ## x~O`~O
P~kOz LO_@OK L`=== ('<# P`# J##\ P` ==) Ok
L#k, JO^K`< ^_ L# #Q~O "QeyOk.
F Lù H~}O G 335
*# ^$+ D [Q` x^xQ#, J"==Q# è=KK#k. WO^

Hx# H+Y==O\=h =#K`< U~_K<~. Hx, `Q U~_K#q
H=. J> H O|O^= _ =!

39. H+ Y=
|^b : J=! [Q<`! D [Q`x H+Y= ~=# U~_K#=h
J"==x, He`=x J#@O q#\xH Q< L#k. J@K_ < Xiy#
< ~ WC_ }= `lOK#<_ H^! Wk < Oq# H+" H^! W@
= # J<H ^~~ O@# =# ''^$= J`= J# "^# Z\
=iOKQ^Q# KC? ''Y= ^Y= J# ~= Hey#\ ''J^$+
^~^$+= D r=x qOK@O, ^~O H=@O ZC_ ^#OkHOQ [~QK#
q+ H^! D J^$+ ^~^$+= =O Z\ kOk? J D ^~=
'` JO` Z\ U~_Òk?
h! D J^$+^~^$+= H=O H<=`=#x Hk J#HOÔ.
Hx JyH L+`=, $kq "^# #^~= ~`=, '=OK K^#=,
D PH=, D H= ... D ^~= LxH W=h Z\ U~_K<~? D
WOk=, "\ J#==, ^$=, "\ |O^"H= .... W=h Z\
<~? W=h W@ LO_Q ''[Q` ^ Jx =#O Z\ qHOKQO? W=h
Z=~ He<~? ZO^ <~? `$}=, HO_, =^= =O\
P PH~=h H#|_K<~ H^! W=h Z\ ~O O^K<~? D [#
=$`= Z@ Z=iH ZO^ Oq<~? D q+ O^~zÒQ <#
ZO`=~ `y=O> JO`=~ q=iOK.
N ~f^q : f! K ^ "=. ~, h= J_y# q+" Hx q+
q=i#. q#.

''= = Jx =|_K# D r=xH O|OkOz# XH<H uO^

~ ^~= q#+" `<~. J#Q r=x ^$+
O^ ~ ^~= Jf`" #
=#u +OKK#k. JC_ |== XH> ^" "K#k.
== : J#Q D r=xH (H ^+ H) ''^$=# J=Q# KH#
XH<H uQ QOKe. JO`Qx D ^~ *=# O|OkOz#k H^.
336
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
|= XH> ^" +OK@O J#Q D [Q`x ^~=
Hiy=@, H, Wq =Ô =xy=\ H^. ''WÔ` ^+Q <`
UHH Jkf |". kf"#^n ZH_ ^. <# h= J`_ Jk Wk
JH_ WH_ <k hk ... J##Ô` |" J# ^$_=# U~_@.
JC_ K_|_#Ô` |=Q< +Ok.

XH_ `# O ^~=, h= <# hk <k =O\q, PH

Q=<^ O^K<_ H^! J`_ ^+ J~=O_, P =O` ~zOK|_K#k
`#O^ J~=O__ ...P =#O^ ^~ *= "^# "\x `#
"~ # "\= îOz ''Y= ^Y= =#= J==#= "^# J#= =
O^K<_. J^qÔQ |= |H ~= =`" J~#\
H; `=#, OK `=# (^= #"`[^ = #) `#O^
J#qOKK<_. H;`~=# ê# J|== D [= "^#
P=~}= ~=Q J#==QK# `=# `# H< |=K
O^K<_. J\ =O P |= `# `< D |O_ ~=Q
QKiOKK#k. =# L#@ `KK# D ==~=O` ""xH J`"
J~#\H ''^$_" # ` == J=OK` QKiOk. KK"? W@ |==
''<# =+ r=_# Jx zO`# K `# =<~[=# D '|O_= ~=#
qiO*Ok. J\ =<~[=< '[Q` J< ~` =#O KCHO@<O.
F b! OH=`" J~#\H WÔ` XH<H ''OH =$u
x==# J#iOK =iOk. J\ x== $ kO^ Z@#^, WC_
J> LO_ L#k. z`= $` U suQ LO\ P`K` # O PsuQ D [Q`
_. Wk =` _Hx# |=#O^ LO_=#k. |= #O^ "#
D '[Q` =O _ #O H*^. $+ ~OO Z@ U ==
Pq~qOz#^ J> WC_ _ L#k. h\H `~OQ`== |=#
[Q^`= LO_ LO\Ok. [Q` H\ Ò H=K. H HH=K. ~
O^~=# |= `# `# U=Ò =^@ ^.
|= `# ''` JYO_` = `` = "^# H}
= UH}
=O^
i`lOK@O ^.
F Lù H~}O G 337
'=OKK^#= 'xCL+== 'K`#=xu He LO\~.

K`#= L#K@ $+_ LO_ LO\Ok. PH~= J~# D $kq
[= "= "^#q XH<H xux J#iOz $ k O^ Z\ L<
WC_ J\Q L<~. "\ == #O^ HOK= _ =~ LO_@O^.
PH= - (Space) #~=
[= (^== - Liquid) iOK ==
W@ P x== J> =i<~. K=@H|` x==
_ J> =~O_< =iOKK#k. r=O^~ P x==# J#iOK
=i<~. Hx, D r=x "= ~= ~ O@# Jf`"#\ ''x`k`
K`#". WO^ OÔK=#Ô@ Uq ^.

40. D J#==O` Uq\?

J~` D ''xu^~===s~=Lù q<#=
... "^# ^$[Q` ==~=O` =H, H =H ==# ^$+
@Hx K#. Hx, "# b^q! ""xH D '[Q` J#|_#k L`#"
J~=O_^.
b : J^q@=? =i D J#qOK|_K#Ô` Uq\?
N ~f^q : =x OQ=== ^$=# O|OkOz# J#==O`
q^. J~`, D r=# `# ~= QiOz# J*#= K`, J*# [x`"#
Ja+K` , Ja+ [x`" # ^$_O K` D #= = XH<H = `H" #
qO U~_Òk. `èÒQ J`_ J<H Y^M#== #QK<_.
z^H= H b WÔ`. WC_ =#O KCH# xu ==#\
r=#=~}k J#== J`= J~=O_ _ r=# J=O K`
`==< `KK<~. WÔ` ` (Absolute self) { O~= ~O_\ H
=# ==x QOK. J~` F b! *<i` <# KCK#Ô` qO@#
h, XH KiH K<#. =#O ^= QiOz QOK\xH u#C_,
''*x J#==< JkHOQ =}OQ JOwHiOKe =! JO`Qx, J*x
J#== H_HiOz ZO`Q `~#~# K =Ò UO [#O?

t= `` *#= =zOK t=~}O '` t=_Q, O~= H H$u ~uQ,
[`~OQ== P Wî J^" L`= *#Q=Q K@K#k.
338
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
'<#h= "^# "\` _Hx Hx# D ~= z^H" J~=#^x
J#<= H^! P z^H" $ kO^
''PH Oq`# QOK@K 'PH= Q#,
''HOq`# HiOK@K 'H= Q#,
''[Oq`# J=îOK@K '[= Q#
QOK K #k. XH _ ` # JO` ~ O Q = #O^ e O ` # O^ P
=*=O` QOKK<_ H^! J> z^= `#O^ P PHk ==#
O^K#k. =i '= H == J\k. Jk z ==# HeOKQ^.
JO`< .... J@ HeOK|_, `== J#qOK|_K# ==#, ... H#H
JO`=# P~OK@ ^~, ''WÔ` J"= " J# =## O^Q ^. JO^K`
b^g! D PH`` =, [`` = $n`` =, "`` = ... W=h J`
=! D s ~ " 'J ` J~=O_ Q J\ '' s ~ = x WOk =
J#==`= J~#\ D '^$= `= Z\ J=Òk? z`H
OK`=` _# D $+x, WOk^ O|OkOz# =#,
P = J#==# J#"# L^# (s~=#) `#O^
=x == = HeOKHO\Ok. J#= =# O^Òk. D <# KC ^xH
^$O`=Q
1. O : XH_ XH 'H HO@, P H O^`# P O@#, Y
^M, -J =, PO^# JÔ` 'He`= J#H ` ^.
2. OH= : =~H_ OH= P T O|OkOz# ^~*=,
"\ J#=O O^`_. XH<H z"_ `# H< `# qOK, H
^+OK PH~=# OHeOKHx, J\ q` Ok LO\_. JÔ`
OHe`"# = H^!
3. ^#= : XH =Ou_ `# ^#HK XH<H ^$=# HeOz H
Z^~Q KOKQ_. Jk J`xK HeOK|_#^ J~#\H, H Jk
"==x `z K LO\~.
H|\ WH_ Z=_ Z@ î< _ J`_ 'J@ îOK@O J<k OHe`" #
=, H = =!
~! WC_ h .... ''=~}#O`~O r=_ H~=# Z\ J#q_?
.... J< q+O qnHi#. JC_ D q+O h L#\ J<H O^
`y`~. h K~Q^.
F Lù H~}O G 339
=O^Q D ''=#=x P+ J#|_^x xu QiOz q#. $ kO^

XH<H x== H~O D =#=x P+ D qÔQ x~~OK|_#k.
H$`QO 400 OII ``QO 300 OII
^~QO 200 OII HeQO 100 OII
J~` D 'P~O q+O K `Q LO@<~. ^, H, H,
^== H ''q``Jq`` J#iOz P =#+ rq`= #_
<~. "~ x~iOK H~ JH~ = rq`=# qÒ K<~.
JO^K` P~O _ =~K~ HQ` LO\~. x~+=# 'H~
H P H~ H e`= J~#\ '^~= H K`Q# J#iOK
P= H K`QO\x J^~}"^= "^# G= =z<~.
x~+=# ^~=# O|OkOz# ^` _# PK~}= ~QK#C_
[# P= _ ~Q` LO@Ok. [ ^~=# =~z Ki L#C_
"i ~i P+ `QÒk. x~+H~ PK~}= U qÔQ LO> [# ~i
P~O P qÔQ< LO\Ok. D qÔQ =+=+ [# P~O P
=~K~ O^@O [~QÒk.
=YOQ P x~iOK|_ H~# J#iOK D P~= "^#q
LO@<~. L^~}, XH_ =$`H~H=Q H~ PKiOK_#H. JC_
J`xH `^#O`~ [#O^ =#O^ =$`= Ok. J^qÔQ x+^ H~
PKiOz#C_, `^#~OQ JH =$`= =#H=~ =z_Òk.
G=K qkOK|_# P H~ # PKiOKK O` z`= # J=~K H#K#
"_ x~+"# n~~=# `yLO@<_.
P+ H}Oz JOu=H= OKQ< JC_ H~#~O =~ K^H=Q
'"^#O ~O=Òk. H=OQ =$`= H =~}= r=x PHqOz"Ok.

41. =~}#=O : JO^ qzH`

|^b : ~*#q^`! [Q<`! '=~}= JO> Uq\ KC. =~}O
q+O ## J<H O^ "k<~. =~}^YO Z\ LO@Ok? JC_"<
YO OKQ^? U^< `H#@O K`Qx, PKiOK@O K`Qx Jx"~=Q
=~}= XH <"# J#=OQ LO_@ g#^? =~}#O`~O Uq
[~QÒk? Q =$uH ^~} [# =$uH ^""< L#^?
340
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
N ~ f^q : =#O =~}= QiOz KiOK\xH gQ D Kx=K# r=Oîx
=_ ~HQ qlOK=K.
1. =~ : HO^~ ^$=x q+=@, WOk#== @ JÒ`
`^`=, q=, ==H~=, = Hey=O@<~. J\ "ix '=~
Jx <O. "~ q"K<~` u< =~}=# O^K<~.
2. ^~} : ''^~}# JOK"~. J#Q, }=# OH=O
KHx JOK <_ =O_=x }OK~= x~kOKQey#"~.
}=# { =## <a=^Qx, $^ ^=# Qx, HO~=# Qx,
=^ ^=#Qx, |~O^= =^Qx J=O K` x Qey#"~.
3. H=O` : ''"= ^ K`# ~="<=. D ^$=x
XH == H=. D ^$= = O|OkOz#k H^. D ^$=# "=
O|OkOz#"~= H=.
''^ Oq` ~=Q "= [xOK@O ^. =~}OK@O ^.
`~OQ= O^K#C_, O^#C_ _ [= [" H^! D s~^
~=# "= HiOK=K. H `lOK=K. = U ^=^. =
~=# "~Q ZC_ ZH_ Un ^. WH_ `~|_Ô` ~=` H
O^~<q<"!
W\ "H ==# Q~=` O+OK@K`, G=# qKiOK@O K`,
|kK` (qK~}K`) HO^~ =$`= OK@ =#=O^Q< OOkOK
HO@<~. J\"ix ''H=O` JO@<O.
gi ^~}, H= O` JQ"~ D ^ =# i`lOK @C_Qx,
P `~"` Qx U=Ò ^YO O^~. Y=< O^K<~. J@ H#\ =~
=~}=O ^Y=< O^K<~. ZO^HO\"? q#.
H ; uH
s ~ = s ~ =

z` =
^~}=Qx, q"H qK~}Qx P~OK#\" i z`= rqOz #O`HO
J<H "#K ZC_ Ke< LO@Ok. "\ QiOz Pz< LO_@O K`
J\"~ =~}=O JÒ` n#`=# O^K<~. z`" "# LxH
#O H^!
F Lù H~}O G 341
D r= J< GO~O, L`= JO OÔ_< ''=#=

rqOK@O J# XH<H J=H=# K*~HO@<~. ÔQ` ~Q@K
xC _#"-x= =~}=O Z_`Qx ^Y=# O^K<~.

=$`= qOz#C_ .... HO~= OQ~Òk. K `yÒk.

~OQ "_Òk. "i ^$+H kh "Q `y, JO^H~=O JQK<~. kH
=O_=h H~"= H=H#@ J~`<~. Q\ @< #H`=
U~_K<~. P r=_ Jiq`"# ^` .... qx PHOQ#, PH=#
qQ# ... K LO\_. H uiy`#@ LO@Ok. kHK H= è`#@,
PHOxH Hx|_K#@, Q_=Q x^K P=iOK|_K#@ "iH Jx
LO@Ok. XHHi pH\ #u _=K#@, ~u =^QO XH H=
zH~#@ J#=O O^K<~. U^ Kx LO@Ok. Hx <~ Q^.
$Ô z#" ~#@ LO@Ok. D J#==h [#[<i`"# J*#O
K`< <~ =!

JO^K`<, D r=_ s~î J~, rqOz L#O`HO ''<# Z=~? D

^$= H "= ~== U" L<~? J##k QOK@
uOKe. J@ uOK@" Lz`=x = JaO. qK~}K`,
Gij#K`, Q~"H=##= K`, ^"#K`, ~O^ "#\
P`^=x O`+O* @K` =# x++=Òk. J\ `= [#OQ
P , "#, =< =#= #yK <~. ~`_Q P`^=x ~ =#O^
îOK@O J ~Q, JC_ P`*#O P~_= QK#k. J#Q ''` =#=
(Absolute Self - Existence) ..... J#|_ "Hu ~=Òk. J\"xH s~=H
~HH L#\H J`_ ''<# @K<#. KKK<# ... =O\ =<

O~= O^@O^. J\ L`= u H~H =#= [# =z#O^ uOKe.
JO` H x, = ` ~ " # J=H " #\ =#=[## + "^ # `#,
J*#HH=`#, H = `# =$^ KH_^x ^~=
#= L# "= Q ~[# Q~ K<O.

J*xx =$`= qOz#\ =<Q`"# u q+" =iHx q

KCK<#. q#.
342
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
=~`=# P~Oz, ^$O~=` _ =xy``# r=_, =~}O
P#"# C_ z`qz`=# u Q` JO`~O Q=#O^ J#q < _. _QeK
=<`|_# Q_~H HO^ _#@ `# _ Zyi HO^_K# J#=O O^
K<_. "QOQ }# ~Ô ZH#@, =OKQ Hiy`#@ `# `#H
Hx_. J\ u J`_ `# O^`# O~^Y=h `# |O^=
èKC H"x ``_` LO\_. Hx =@ Q^. `# J~
LO_@O J#q_. Hx, `# HH `#H q#|_=. XH ^ H} O`=<
(Giant wheel) H " O`=<, ^ XH<H =O`=< Jk~Oz#\
=# O^`_. <H# Z=~ \ y#@ LO@Ok. _QO_=# _#"x=

LO\_. =^=, q `HO^ QK#@, `# U^ JQÔ _=K#@,
=~ WO`< H KK#@ LO@Ok. WÔ` J`_ ==OOK`, H, J*#
=O K` J@ J#==# O^K<~. `#H 'LKx ^##
qx `# |=# qO@#@ =# O^` LO\_. WOk=
O|OkOz# =}^ J#q LO\_.
b^q : J D ^~Q=O` D r=xH ZO^ Ok?
~f^q : D r=_ rqOz L#O`HO ~# *#=~# uOKH,
J=#^, s~= <#\ ^ ''<# D uH s~=#. <h s~=#O^
=`" s~iq`_< L<#. D s~=` U~_K# O|OÔ^==
JÒ` "==. D ^#Q$^ <q. D |O^[# < "~ J# =
Hey LO@<_. J\ s~ `^` = K`< r=# D ^h "\`<~.
''<# K` # ~_#. ~`H=Q P`~" <H ~= J##\ Z~H#
D ^$ `^`= H"Ok. eÒQ P` =uiH=Q J#==h =z
_K<~. "= PH=# H"#C_, P PH= H h`^
H#|_O_< LO\~. J~` PH= H [ x~`=, JYO_`=,
J#O``= ZH_H `<~? J> LO@<~ H^! r=x "=~=# D
=$`= H ^~~ J#=O =# =K @Qx, =~Qx LO_^.

~_ Jq LO_Q, "Q `y=KO_Q, kh H=OQ =e#"

` LO\~ H^! J>, =$`= q# Hn, P r=x WOk=h K=
`y =e#=# O^`~. H=OQ ' $uH (*HH) `yÒk. ~~
*#O (Knowledge of Past and inquisitiveness for Future) H=OQ #yeÒk. K
F Lù H~}O G 343
H#|_O_ Òk. =# `# H< =~=# H~, q"H~ÒQ

LO_Òk. Jk XH<H ="=# O^K#k. P "=# WH JO`
H#|_^. }"= J`x JOQ= "tOK=. JO^K`, J===h
H=OQ x["`~. J`_ J> "=# _LO\_. "=, ~
O~=, O` .... D =_ XH^xx =~H\ |~KHO@ LO\~.
J`_ }== [__ LO\_. F b! =~r=x u W@ LO\~. $+
"^Q J*#r=x q+O W> [~Q`< LO@Ok. *#= OK=~ D
`ÒQ=# JO` LO_^.
^=b : J=! ~f^g! WH_ <HH OÔ. D s~=# K_. Wk ....
t~, ~O_ ^=, ~O_ K`, Q=, Q^= ... J#|_ JOQ=`
_Hx =# Z^~Q H#|_`< L#k. W\ D s~=#O^ ''^ "=
=~Ou"k[_`= .... J##=h Z\ U~_K<~? D ^~Q=#
O^K# r"` J@ ^Y= ZO^ O^Òk? Wq ` OKQ L"q\?
D ## "k L<~.
N ~f^q : ^K`#" "= ~OQ Hey#\ D r=_ ''OHeOK@O
K`< ~= OK@O [~QÒk. H#H JÔ` OH< "z`" J~=#k.
''HH J# `=# HiOz# D~_ .... ''< HO> Ja#_Q
r=_ =#"~H=O^ P H~= J#==# O^QH
.... Jx, U^ H~}OK` OHeOKK<_. JC_`_, `# z`= #O^ HeOK|_#
^$=# ^y# D OH[x`=# J#==h O^K<_. D~_
''r=_-Q}= J# "H= # =Q HeOKHx [Q<@HO H_ < _.
'H~}= Jx~Kh= Jx _ G=K ukOK|_Ok.

r=x ^=#O^# <_ `=, "^#q ^`HOK` ~i`

=QK<~ H^! J~`, P <_ =$`== P#=QKO_Q H=OQ
`= O^`x H`<~. ^`= |#_@K <_ ~~`" x["
`<~.
P~Q=O`x s~O ''=#"= OKi LO@Ok. }"=
s~=O` iOK =~# (H H) Hey#C_ D J=== H~H
=`<~. J~`, =#"= `# =ì`"# (Balanced) OK~O
`lOz#C_, r=x s~O J<~Q=O`=QK#k. <_O^ "tOz# "=
344
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
|@ "=_H=@K`<, H |@Hz# "= =~ <_O^
"t OKH =@K`< ... <_ "~= O@=_=K#k. JC_ H "^#
WOk= `=`= H=~=# H=K<~. J#Q, D r=_
WOk*#=#, H=H=OQ, =# "=H ~}= #yK# Hn,
H=K<_. <_ "~= Py~ "=H Qu iQ x~^"#C_
''W`_ =$`_<_ Jx JO@<O. }" ~}" r=#=, ^x ~}=
Py=@ =~}=.
''<# [xOK^#. =~ XH<HC_ =~}OK^# J##\ W`~ z`
OHxu =$uH H~}=QK#k. J\ xux D~~_Q D r=_
`# `# HeOKH#K<_. ''<# D #=# W@ JQ^# J##\ ''OH
=H $ kO^ L^~OzOk. Jk Z#\H <O O^^. D `=#
O*# =H Jq<t. ^xH <#= JO@^. J\ D =*#"
[##=~}= ~=# H\ `=Òk. J~`, P`, D =z=K#
L^` Qx, "==`Qx O|O^= ^. ~O^ "QO^ P`
ZC_ ^=Q< LO_ LO\Ok.

42. Ô^ ==~O

^= (|^)b : J=! '' 'P` J##k ~ "=~" ~^ x~OQ<
LO_ L#k Jx h= JO@<= H^! =i, D '*# J*#, '},
'd^d "^#"~ ~? L<~? D ``= `H#K#"_èx"_
.... "^# J<H f~Q [# = `~_K<~ H^! gi =@ Uq\?
N ~f^q : #n[O KK= H^! Jk XHK@ J<H `~OQ=` _ H+`"
LO@Ok. WOHHK@ '`~O Q= J##q O_< x~OQ, O`=Q LO@Ok.
D K`#= _ r=^~= `#O^ P~OKH#@K` ~Q^+ ~=`
_# J*#=K H+`" LO\Ok. =~HC_ '^# H [#OQ H~
=# JÒ` x~`= OìOKHx LO\Ok. Uk U"#\H .... *xOê,
J*xOê 'K`#``= =Ò XH> J~=#k Hx, "~"~ H^. Jk "~"~

$ k JYO_Ôq` (Existence - knowledge) ~_Q D~_ XH<HC_
`# "==O =~z ^$+x P~OK@ ''$ k H ''~k Jx D GO K|_Ok.
JO`Qx, ''$ k JO> ''D H#|_ =*O H ~OO Jx J~O KH_^.
F Lù H~}O G 345
JQ@^. J*#^$+H "~"~= H#|_Òk. |+O^, =#O^, ^=Ò^,

=#=O^, ~H O^, [O`=O^, h O^, < O^ .... x`` " XCK#
P` ~^ XH>. Jk "~"~Q ^. LO_^. F uH! b^g! ^=#
îOK@ ''O~=. J^ ^~#" ''=H. _"# Ò^ =^=^ H}
LO\~H^! J^qÔQ D ''JK`#` O^ [##=~}~=# QO^,
J#== LO@<~.
s~^$ +` KK"iH, J@ KKO`HO D ''K=@H Hx < LO\~.
K` # ^$+ "~HqÔ Q LO\Ok. "" xH K` # ~+_ [xOK@O^ . =~}O K@O
^. ^$+

OKuH ^$+ =<^$+ z^H ^$+

s~=, `k`~ `k`~ =#, ~O^ '^
=*= =`" =#, Q}= ~=#
JQ~. îOK|_`~. H\ `=`# z`^$+
^= (|^)b : J=! =i D H#|_K#Ô` Uq\? `=# J<H H}=
#O_ J<H=~ qO>Qx, =O^ `=# ^$_OH^. JO^H =~=~
J_QK<#.
N ~f^q : b! h= O^x=$u J=~ ## tOK=#^. ~! WÔ`
Uq\ K`# q#.
^ ~=Q 'K`# ~+_ H== Ou= D [## =~}=,
J=, H;= "^#=h H =K QOKK<_.
D r=_ K`# ~_Qx, =iOHn H^. K`# ~_Q ~+# <#=
^. WH K`# ~`"#^xH ~+H~O Qx, H~ $`=Qx =. WO`=~ ZH_
U H=O^ K`# == #tOK@O^. H=O JK`#=, Ouu #\
D s~= =`" #t<~. Jk Kz [# 'J! <# KKK<# H^!
P! <# @K<<! Jx qOKK<~. K`#= ~^ JH", ~"
LO\Ok. Jk Jx" UH"Qx, J<H= H<H^.

K`#= HkeOKk : JK`#= HkeOK|_k.
346
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
|^b : D ''s~= O^@O, z`= Hey LO_@O ... P`H ="
#Ô\"?
N ~f^q : s~=Qx, z`=Qx P`H == J~=O>, XH_
=~}O z# =~H} O JO^~ =~}O K"~. J@ [~Q@ ^ H^! H#H D s~=,
z`= PÒ^ =x QOK.
J r=# D [##=~} L<? = ^$+ =. W=h s~^$+
H"iK`< iHeOK|_Ok Qx, Wq U=Ò "=O H^=! J@ K_|_K#
Ô` "<"z`". D Y^Y=, D ^$`^`=, D r===, D
h= <# "^# q .... W=h "< == Hx =iOHq H^. "<"z `"
[##=~}= J#==x QOK"~ =KO^~.
H#H, r=xH [##=~}= =. J`_ [xOK_. =~}OK_. Hx,
x~}OQ ''"<"O J#|_ _O^ H@H#K<_. ZO^K`? ^$_
qK~} H=@ K`<. ^$_ qK~} P~OK@OK` ^$ == H 'JÒ`
J== U~_K#k. JC_ "#h q<#"O^K<~. 'D ^$= Q
^$_"# #=HO HO_ "# "~ ~O ZH_ KC? "# H~OKQ ^$
` _ H}Oz =K#k. H|\ b! "~Q=` _# ^# Ou Q "_
qH~=# [~Oz "<_. JC_`_ `` ^$+K, ''D ^$ [Q` q^ Jx
QOKK<_. J\"_ ^ ` "# #O_ `y#"_ = = #O_
=_QK<_.
F a_! XH<H L`= `=# ~[## ^$+ @Hx =~ =~
H\ <#. ''^` ~= XH> `=. `k`~=h q^ =`".

43. #~#
|^b : [Q[#h! ^"j! =#A_ =~}Oz# `~"` =~ Z@ [x_
< q<x L#k. J\ q+= q#@OK < *#= =$k KO^Ò^x h=
J#O> P q+O KC.
N ~f^q : ~ K`#. q#.
D s~=H <_O^= OuOz#C_ }" K#= _
PyÒ^x J#<= H^! JC_ =#Ax K`#= L_y#@ JxOk.
J~`, qHOQ K D K`#= ^=, x`=. nxH H= Qx, LùQx
F Lù H~}O G 347
LO_^. ^ z<`" =~ [OQ== O^, PH=#O^, tO^,

"=#O^, ~^~=O^ "K#^x H;QQ *# ~^
Z~QK< L<~.
}"= x~^"#C_ <_O^= PyÒk. JC_ ''D [_^=
=$u KOk#k Jx K|_Òk. J~`, =$u J##k s~= H ^~"Qx,
P`^~= U=`= H^. }"= = "= H=@K s~=
==Q =i=K#k. Hx K`#= `# "#` _#^ P``` =#<
"K#k. H;=Q D K`#= #~# H~}=Q "#` _Hx
LO\Ok. JO^K` G=, G"`, J^xx ''r=_ J# ~` ~.
J~` '"# J##q K`#=HO> "~# ^~= H= =! [=
HO> `~OQ= "~ H= H^! K`#= H ''^$H< '"# J# ~`
<O.
D K`#= ZH_H "@O^. ZH_ #O_ ~=_O^. ZO^K`#O\"? D
''WH_ JH_, ^~= ^Q~ J##q OK` ^$+H =`" LO@<~.
~= K`#=" J~=O_Q, r=x K`#= "@ "~Q K@ ZH_ L#k?
H|\ b! D H;=Q K`#= "< |OK` s~= L#C_ U #O
L#^, s~O `y#C_ _ J^ '#O LO\Ok. J#Q Jk s~=
=z#C_ XH K\H, D s~= <e#_ =~HK\H "@O^ =!
''~H=# "@O WH=# ~=_O ... D ==~=O` `
==~". JO`Hx, D r=x r=K`#= #O= O^@O ^.

O~ `= Lk~`= J~#C_, ==~A (H) G

~K~` D r=x ''`= J# ~` <~. K`#= r="# Hey
#C_ J\ "<` K`#" Jk. "=#O^ QOÔ "~# ~O
JO@ O_< L#@ K`#=#O^ O~= H "# ~=# r=`=
LO_ LO\Ok.
P r=_ ''=$`= J# H ^~ ''=~=# s~=# QOK@O J#
^xx `lOKK<_. WO`< =~H s~=# QOKK<_. "< =OK
(Indulgence of one's own tendencies) J\ "## J#=Q ==~=Q QOK
K<_. Q#== O^K<_. Jk J`x@ ~H=QK#k. JK@

=~ =#\ =< ==#, P"=#, $uO~=# H\ OKK<_
348
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
.... ''< '=~}=~ J< J#=O QuOz#k .... Jx qOKK H=OQ =~}
u (s~ ~` ù)x ÒQ `lOz "<_. XH_ x^~=Q<
=# #O_ #==O` `_z" [Q` "tOz =i#@, J`_ WC_
''D #`# s~" "==, nxH =O^Q Un^. P= Un ^. <# D
s~=# O|OkOz# "_x =`". WC_ WH_ QOKK# ^$=, =
O|O^= "=O J##\ XH<H =`H"# |kKOK ux O^K<_.
`#`< J\ |k ==~=#O^ `# JYO_ ~=# |OkO |_#^x=
QOKK<_.
F b! WÔ` W@ J<H [# ^~=K`< OKK#k. '=# #O_
r=# |O^"H= <~. PHO " == U~_K#@,
D r=x z`H=_ $kq "^# ^~=` _# q=O` Ok.
J`_@ KK#Ô` J`x PÒ^ =! J^ qÔQ =#O WC_ WH_
KK#Ô` "" xH =# PÒ^Qx "~ Q ZH_ ^ . J> u XH s~^ ~_Q
r=x q+O _.
W@ s~ `<#O`~O OK `^#O`~ ^$=, Lk, J#==,
O|O^= "^#q D HOk H}= Hey LO\~.
1. O~= "# Ja+ :
P r=x O~= ~"## J#iOK LO\~. J#Q r=_ W`
~= ^x^x@ Z>@ JkH"# PH Ja+ Hey=O\_ "\x
J#iOz J=h J> QOKK LO\_.
2. `# JO`~OQ=#O^ `# îOK@ :
XH_ `# O [Q` QOKK#@, P r=_ `# O~=# J#iOz,
`#O^ ~ =# (~O Kz#k, WC_ K# k. WH =O^ K_=#k)
QOKK<_.
3. $+ iq`"# ^~#O :
J`_ J@ QOKK# [Q` # W`~ QOK~ . W`~ P #O Q$HOQ<
H#|_@O =#O h q+O#, ^x q+O# KK= H^! XH_ `#
O QOK q+ =#, ^$=#, = # P H < L#"_ QOK_
H^!

F Lù H~}O G 349
44. ù
s~= `lOz#C_, JC_ +OK D r=xu '`= Jx JO\~. J\
`` P~ q^=Q qlOz q=i#. q#.
1. : Q ^+H~=# x~iOz#"_, =##O^ ~`=
=Oz#"_ s~= `lOz#C_ ' H= KO^`_. J`_
}== [__ J~ n~HO '=~}=~ J# hùx J#q
<_. =~ ^=O |^_ "# =^ zx LO_~
KHO #~H`# O^K<_. H=OQ #~Hk [# Zu
JOMH=Q L^ J<H ^Y=# J#qOKK<_. =~
D~^=K XH<HC_ "x O~ = OuOk.
W\"i HO^~ `= '=~}"= Q_z~# `~"`, JÒ` ^Y
~" O_ ''<# =$H=# "^# =## `= $^= #O^
J#q<~. `~"` Ò <<q^=# # iqOK@O
[~QÒk.
2. =^ : =^~H=# ^zO`#, W`~# kOK@O =O\
=# K# "~ '=~}=~# Ok# `~"` HO` HO }=
= [_Ò O^K<~. P `~"` ^ =O |^ '=
"^# #O^ u~Q_@O [~QÒk.
3. =# : g~ = K#"~. JO^K` "<#~OQ
L`#"#\ Pu"H ^=# Ok, OH=O^= [##
=~}= O^` LO@<~. "iOê =` _# 'P "ix
J<H ^Y `# O*Ok. J#Q ''Jk O^`#. JC_ Y
=O`_<`# Jx `KK =_= $Q= ZO_== H~H ~ Q f# @
J<H LÔ^ ^+`= = LO@<~. Hx Ou O^@O ^.
4. =# î : W`_ =Q =`" ^~= x~iOz#"_. ^~=
x~iOK@ }== JQK#k. J~`, W`_ _ =# =
J<H [#=$`= O^`< LO@<_. Hx '=# HO> HO`
^~ kH ` Ok<_ H^! JO^K` W`xH ^< ^ [~Q` LO@Ok.
HO` =$kx J#q LO\_. ^~x~u, HH~=, Gq`"#
H~ x~} ^` x~iOK"_ 'î Jx K|_K<_.
350
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
5. =^î : W`_ =~}#O`~= PH"=K Hx|_ L`= #=
O^ LOK|_K<_. `# ^~=# HO` KHQ x~iOz LO_@OK H#~
HO~+ H "^# Y=O`=Q s~=# O^K<_. JK@
}= H = (Y=) J#qOz, =~ P }= H~OKQ, JH_
#O_ K`_ (displaced) JQK<_. g~~ =x`=Q [# ^==O^
~~=# "t<_. P `~"` `# ^z`"# *u (=#î
=^î =Q~)H KOk#"x $Ô#, ~`# "t<_. Q~O
HO`HO =Oz, J@ `~"` [## Q<_.
6. L`=î : L`=, =}j~ J~#\ HO^~ =~}#O`~O `=
~ $ux J#iOz ... ~=, q^^~~= "^#q J#qOKK<~.
W=` (^=`) HO~k ~#==#, W`~ H~ =# J#qOK
K<~. WH P `~"` O^ H=, [#` xO_#\ ^=
=#= [xOKK<~. W@ =#+ HO "tOz ~O~=
H~}OQ =~ ` , ^#=, `Q= "^# L`= H O^ i`Q
K<~.

Z\ =H J~<~, # K#\ x== # J=`< L<_. J~`

H== <# K#> LO_=K. HO`"~Q LO_=K. ''"He @#" |O_~~x
"QOQ `H#C_ Q= JQ# J##k x~+"# `= H^! J> D HO
^~= xu _ =iOk. ''= =# ^Y=, }= =#
Y=, *#= =# "H= J##\ XH<H Ju`"# Ô`= D JO`~
|~ $+ ==~=#O^ =iOk. ""xH P` =uiH"#Ô`
`" J~#\H, D Ô`= H x==# @ LO_@O ^. |
~^^< ~, D Ô`= H e`= #O_ ÒKH H`<~.

=$`_ s~= <e#C_ (H s~= `lOK|_#C_) XH<H ''=~}

=~ "t<_x J#H<O H^! J\ =~}=~ #O_ x^ z#"x =
`~Hx# `~"` ''F! <# =~}Ozux Jx qOK H#K<_. ''=~
O_^<#O`~O s~= =z#k H|\ <# WC_ \# J# "~H =~O ~#
O^K<_. O_^#=# =O^ z`"# J#== O^K<_. ''<#
W\@ D D q^=Q gix kOz<#. JO^ eÒ O_ Ò^?
F Lù H~}O G 351
JO^K`< H=# îOz =@ ## Qx=K<~ J# ==#

J#==# O^K<_. P =$` }=O` k==Q q=#=#,
L^#=#=# J#qOKK<~. F b! D =#, J#== P =$`x
s~H=#H H~ J#iOK LO@<~. JO^K`< ur=_ uH}O, `##
`# W@ tOKHO@ LO_e.
1. L`= H~# P~OK@O ^+ H~# `lOK@O.
<# L`= H~< PKi<<? (H ''W`~# kOK@O "kOK@O =O\
H~# x~i<<?)
2. ~Q= ^+=# [~Oz "@O.
~Q ^+ i`_< ==i<<? J@ =iOK@K OK [#O
^Y" H^!
3. [##, H=# kxQ~KH=@O.
<# =i= HO =$^ K@O ^H^?
W@ P`q=~ KHO@ ~^ L`= H~< P~OKe. JO`Qx, H~
#"# D =#=[## =$^ KH_^.
H~# PKiOz#"_, ''J! <H~ `y#> =OK =
^ QO@` _# ''J=`= "^# #~H= < < ~ Jx `@
[~QÒk. nx< [# ''#~H=# "@ J# ^=K KCHO@<~.
=^ ~H= Q }= PKiOz#"_, ''P! <# WC_ L#k. }OK#k....
K\ zH` H|_# O^~ =~=#O^ H^! K\ h_Q D =~=# <#
'=~=# =K#. H$ùQ =_ D < } H~=#
qKiOKK<_ J##Ô` `# $Ô< O^K<_.

KK" b! D qÔQ JO^~ _ =~}#O`~O a#a#=# ~HH

J#= =# `= s~O `lOz#K> J#q < ~. J~`, WOê K=`~" q\
Q=xOK"! J<H J~ H` _# D q~"# O~=O` ''`" J~=#k
Jx J<H=Ok r= qOKH#@O [~QÒk. =i, = H =O J\k.
XH" D O~ ==~=O` W@ LO@, [iy` LO_Q< =i HO^~
r=O^ =~H" ~"# 'P`^$+ H '~^$+ LO\Ok. J\ ~
^$+ G= H J~=# QOK@O K`, Q~= KC "H=# =##=
352
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
K@K`, `~=Q xt`|k K` HQK#k. J\ ^$+ H"~,
''PH ^$= PH~ ~`= J^= ~=# Ja#=
~ `~= ..... J~#\ ''P` XH> L#k. Jk =`" *Qie#k.
D ^ H H, n~=# D PH$`, D ^$= .... W=h
`= H^ = .... Jx QOK .... LO@<~.

Jk J\ LOz, =x ~=# ~#\ r= QiOz qKiÔ. "~

W@ J#==# O^` LO_@O [~QÒk.
''P! =_ = H~# =K J#qOK<_. WH P J#=O i
J~#k .... WC_ `~Q ~HO "K<O.... ~#=O _, K# }O
Y~ J~=@K QuOzOk... J! WC_ = [# Z`K<"! ^#=x
JO~=## .... WC_H '= J#....
W@ "i"i J#== H#Q` `<~. ''s~= JO`H~}=
H .... D =_ #\ P ^<O~= =#+xK u#|_#C_ '~`Q
=~K#k. P `~"` Jk x ^~O QO_ =`$Q~O "tOk. Q~"
Q P r=_ ~H~#~OQ J^$+=O`_Q<, ^~^$+=O`_Q<, KH\
_Q<, H J=== =Q J<~Q _Q< [xOKK<_. WH
P`~ "` KOK=` _Hx# =#=# J#q OKK<_. WO`
J`xH ZH_#O_ =$Ô =z_Òk. =~ "k =~}= =~}=~ ...
==. WÔ` XH =KH== =iÒk. =~ WOHH ^= QOK@O
XH 'H = [iyÒk. ZO` qz`" KK"? PH" ~=Q Q P`
z`H=#O^ ''r=Oux O^@O J#|_ u "^Hx, ''~"q\
QOz "H=# O^@O J#|_ O` =# z^#O^ u=~ P
Ou~O~h XH^x"#H XH\ O^`< L#k. H `# Q_ q_z ZH_H_
OKiOz =~ `# Q\H OHO K~Òk KK"? D r=_ _ `#
"==Q P` ==# =~z _O|~=# P~ J<H Y^Y,
r=# =~} J#==# O^` XH<HC_ HH`mOQ ~^ =
^"# P``=# O^K<_.

F Lù H~}O G 353
45. $k r=Ou
|^b : [Q[# h! ~ f^g! <H *<a=$k H~ =~H J_QK<#.
J ''$ k O^ JYO_ ==Q P` D ''r=Ou (H ''<#
iq`_# J# Ou) Z\ HQÒk? < J#QO` D q+O KC.
N ~f^q : h H#|_K#\, H h= K#\, D ''~`= =$H=
$kq PH= "^#=h q^ K`# ~= =! JO^K` g\x
P`"` ''~=~ #= Jx <~. J#Q, Jkf q^ K`#"
Wx ~=` = =OK` L^~OKK#@ JQOk.
K`<==Q D~_ ~`_, ~" J~ "K<_. J`_ U
~ = # u O K K <_, JK @ P ~ = #< " K <_ . J>
~#|_K<_. J`_ ... XH HQO@# ~+xQ .... r==+ ~=#
'*u JQK<_. J`_ J@ *u ~=# H=Q q=~=
O^K<_. $+ ~O=# L# P OH" <\ H xz#k. P OH"
^~= J#=OQ Ok.
''<# iq`_#, JO~_#, U^ O^=#"_# J# =# U~_@O
H ~O=K $+ ~O=Q K|_Ok.
D ^=# KK"? "= ~==QO_ D ^=# "tOk.
}"= s~O "tOz Jx J=== H^_@@ KOk. W\ D
'=#= [O` ^=# ''rq` ^= H ''[OQ== Jx JO@<O.
WH =$H q+xH = "\H _ ^= H#|_K<~ H^! J~` Jq
K`#= J~=O_ _ K#= H LO@<~. JO^K`, "\x ''=~=
Jx JO@<O. J~`, D =~ [OQ= r"~}O q~O K#^=~? D~_
=! D~_ D =~ [OQ== UH_, $^_ LO_ L<_. Lk
^=K` ''Wk [_= Wk [OQ== J##Ô` U~_Òk.
z^H" `# ~= HO> J#= H#\ '|k J# ^x `# `<
"tOKK#k. J\ |k` _ D Lk J# #Q~O "tOk. D s~=
''K= K= = K~= .... "^Q WOk #=# P z^H
K`#" îOk. J@ `~"` Jk |k=$` ^~ '= J#^xx
HeOKx P =#O^ P ^~ *=O` HtO*Ok. F b! D

Jkf= ^xH` ~O_=k J#^ LO_^, J^xx 'Jkf= Jx JO\O.
354
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
H "^#q OQ K`#= H=. Jq `=O`@ `" Z\ J#==#
O^=. H#H [_= J~=<~. H|\ ~x=H= H~}=, H~}
H~}= zÒH" =! HO` H;^$+ Q"~ .... ''~Ok= UHsuQ
"QK#\ ~Ok= O|OkOK#\ .... z`HO=# QiOKK<~.
qyOKK<~.
<H~=Q zÒH" PH=.
=H~"# zÒH" .... D q #n #^ Q= @}` L# q.
[H O=Q zÒH" ''[=.
P zÒH" [OQ= OH= =# [OQ= ^~=Q#, =~
OH= =# =~ ^~=Q# q=~= O^K#k.
''z` OH" Jx" i LO_ LO\Ok. z` OH= ` "~Q
'[Q` J#|_#k ^. P z` H =#+ [O`= =$H=
t ~=# QOKK#k Jx *# xOHKOQ QOKK<~.
WH J*# ^$+ JO\"? Jk J@ ^x "~Q K#H~^. J*# Z\
q<, Jk =# =}O H^ H^!

KK" b? P zÒH= ''$ k O^ .... J#Q Jk `# JYO_`=

J" `=`, _# z`== #O_ 'Ku Ok#C_ ... U ~=Q
LO_Qi#^, WC_ _ P ~=Q< L#k. JC_ U qÔQ J~`
'=$H= "^# ^~= qOK|_ WC_ _ J=h J> LO@<~.
J~` a_! ''[_= Jx ''K`# = Jx "~ "~ ^~= = =! D [_K`=
''`Q |^~= XH> LO_ L#k. ^=Q P` XH [_==#Qx, H,
P`# [_==Qx P~OKHx LO_*=. JO^K` '' '[_= J#|_ qQ"
q^ J~=#k Jx ` ^+Q "= ÔfHiOK K<=. =$H ~`^
_ z^H~ = `_< xO_ <~. WH, ''Wq [_= J##\ H#K U~_K#
J#=O '|k H 'P~} =`" J~=#k.
P == O^# ''` H|k `= P =$H t^Q qOKH#K,
P~=#< Ja=H=`<~. J> ==iOK|_ K<~. J>HqH@HH
[O`= "^# [OQ= ^~= =# _. P [OQ= *`@ Q
|k qH~^= P <=~ ^=` <~. XH [O
`~O Q=, P=~= , |_Q , #~Q, _Q O_= HQK#@, XH z`==
F Lù H~}O G 355
#O^ U~_ |k=$` D =~ [OQ= ==~=O` He<~. J~`,

'H#` _# |kO^ <= ~^= LO_ L<x QOK. XH
=^= H L`~=# L#"~ ^H}=# L#"i QiOz èH< LO_@O
[~Q=KH^! J^qÔQ, D =~ [OQ= ^~= _ `= '~=#
Q OKH `<~. Wq `=`= ''` H K` # *#== #O^ _= O@<~.
J#Q, ''<# "~. D HxOKÔ` "~. h= "~, Wq < KOk#q. Wq <
O|OkOz#q H=. g~ =`" < "~ .... J##\ ""=< WH_ =#O
''`H *#== (Compartmentalised individual sphere of consciousness)Q
KCHO@<O. J\ ==# |OkO|_@O K`< XH Lkx |k =~H
|kx H## Z~Q*#k. WÔ` _ |kH## J#iOK [~QÒk.
''~|= ` { z`~= H^! Jk ""xH <=~~`" L#k.
J\ ~|=#O^ `^$+H .... "=, q, PH=, "^Q ^~=
` <^. J~#\H "\H H< =`"# ` Ok. ~u L# H
@ H#, @ L# H ~ux H# H#Q#= H^! D D h=<# "^#
==~=, "\` =_ "Hx LO@# D ^~*O .... W=h PHqOz L#
=O ''~=`= =~Q#_ LO\Ok.
J~` P`H~H J<+ # qA D [Q` H ''H= " ^$+x i< ~.
''= =O D =+ z`= =O^ b#" LO\Ok. J\ $+
z`" D xH H#|_ '[Q` H ''H= Q "~ î< ~. = u
`~"` =~ P `H K`#= z^H=#O^ =<==~=# QqOKK#k.
J\ =## ~OaOK@OK $+ ~O= Jx JO@<O. $ kO^ WÔ`
Z@ ~OaOK|_#^, <\ H J> xez#k. L^~}, $ k O^ "=
O^# ^~=Q zOuOK|_#k. Jk W\H J> xz#k. L^ =z
=K#O` =ÒK` D H# `Q^ . ~ H# `lOK|_#\ '= =
=~ `H K`#= @ D H# W\Q LO\O^x QOKe.

J@ z^~=# zOuO|_#^ WH_ Z^~Q PH= ~=# Ok.

J\ PH=#O^ 'O^= J# ^~= Q "= "K#k. "=
~ " H^! J~#\H + Q_ ~ H # H^ QQÒk Hx, ~" # ^~=
H^HQÒ^? ^. ^x ^~= J@ OHeOK|_Ok. D H## KK#
'z`= H ==~O _ K=`~OQ LO\Ok. Wk ~` "OzO_,
356
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
~` iOKQey# H Hey L#k. Hx Wk `## `< =Q iq`=
KH#K#k. "=# 'O^= J##k ^~= JQK#@, JyH 'L+`=
[=QK#@, D z`=# ''iq``= [^~=QK#k. D z`"
OÔ^=# ~ O_ ^~ =# HiOk. J\ O^= JO^= (Responsive
- Non-responsive) J# ^~= ##iOz '=~= [OQ== J# ~O_
PH~=# ^K#k.
D qÔQ ''|kK`#= #O^ ===#\ [Q` ^~= H~}=
= $ k #O_ <\ =~ Ht< L<~. WÔ` `H K`#= `#O^
HeOKHx W@ îOK@#x h= QOK. D [Q` ^~= q[$O}=O`
J`" J~#\H `== uOk. H|\ b! h= h JÒ` fH}"#
H;^$+x J=~K H. J\ x~H; ^$+K , ''D ^$[Q` U"
#k? [Q` x
q+=q\? <#h= .... "^#"\ "="# ~ == Uq\?
J< q+ qK~}~HOQ Q=.
F b! J@ K_. JH_ ^q Uq [~QÒ^ Q=xOK.
K`#= H 'iq` ^$+K, XH\ ^_ J~# q^~^_ WC_ <
=$`_ _<_ H^! D`_C_ =~}Oz, +=K H|_# ^x
=$`^=H $^ H=O "tOK =K<_.
|^b : J=! D`_C_ U =~O J#iOz }O K= K<_? P
^ x =$`^ = L#K\H Z\ K~ =K<_? =#O _ J> P`xx J#iOz
}O K^=?

46. "# ~H }O
N ~ f^q : z#~_Q r=_ ''^~=Q L#\ ~ H=# " K<#
Jx q LO\_. J> q^~^x q+O _. J`_ J> qOKK, `#
$Ô Q "<^=# J#iOK xOKK<_. =#O _ P
=~=#O^ ^=, ^! h= J`x xÔ H~HO@<= H^! h Jc+O _
f~Q^. h "OK kOz#C_ =# O ^$_O J=Òk. JO^K`, h= ~=
îOK\xH gQ k=^$+ k<#.
~f^q H D q#@K b^q $Ô ZH_ ^y=#
H=O` L_y~Ok. P"O^ *#~_ L^~OK_.

F Lù H~}O G 357
JH_ ^q q^~^x Ô H=OQ K`#O HyOk. =i`

_=# J`x H# u~QQ~. ^= ZO_Q~. }= XH>
qye#k. s~=O` ZO_# P= `~~Ok. =Y= HOu H}OK@K
e~Ok. }"= `"^= ^x = =^ OKiOKQ~.
WOk= K`h H@|_~. J=== HêH Py~Ok. XH H
=$H H=# `lOz PHOH ZyiÒk KK"? }"= J>
H=OQ J`x uH s~x q_K~. P _è^~ k=^$+K PHOH Zyi#
P r=x QOKQ~. J`x r=K`#= "=` H#^, `#Oê "##
J#iOz, PHÔ ^~OQ xOKyOk. ~fb P r=K`#=#
J#iOK~.
s~= `lOz#C_ ''=~}=~ J# [_`= Ok# P r=K`#= P
=~}=~ #O_ K~Hx J#=*#O O^yOk. "= LO_ "#
H H}==, P r=K`#= PHÔ< LO_ D q^"# J#=O
O^y#k .....

.... ''|O^= ## L^tOz T~^H (Trace-body) H~=# X#~@O

[iyOk. J\ OH~H"#, =O`=Q"# H~= =OK` <# WC_
XH<H H;`` ~H" # U^ ^ =# O^#. J\ < D #`# H;^ =#
=@ =z Qx=K<~. WC_ H~=# J#qOK#\ =x
@}= K~#. <xC_ =x =H=# Hx~|_#. WC_ =_ <"
KK_. `# ^`" uiy ''F ^`~! W`_ Z#_ D = X#~^?
Q, ZC_ U^< q` H~=< x~OK< Ò LO_"_.
[Q[#xQ ~ux ZC_ H` lOKKO_@OK P" ^ `__.
P" =~ÔK`< W`_ =ie<_. W`x W`~ '^x Lk WC_
+=` H|_, KK^~O_ L#k. W`xx q_z@O_. W`_ P s~=
"tOK# QH! =~H}O =@ ## |O^q=x K~. O`= #O_
q_=_# ~~= <H r=K`#= PHÔ _Ok. <# [Q^$= #O_
"=_ kf |O_= "t<#. WH_ < KOk# uH ^=
L#k..... W@ P q^~^ r=K`#= J#== O^Òk. J`x ^$+
_O_< ~fb _ J`xx J#i ~[Q$O "tOK~.

358
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
N~=_ : |*! =+=s! q^~^x r=K`#= ^x uH^=
L#\ ~[Q$=# =~= Z\ QOzOk? P Q$O Z\ "tOzOk?
N =+=i : q^~^x r=K`#= H $Ô ~ "<|O K`,
''<# ^x s~=# J##\ JOH~= Wq_#k. JO^K`< ^x ^=
L#\ ~[=Ok~=# J<OQ }OzOk. XH =]q` `#O^
H;~O XH ''T_` _# ==$H= HeyO_, P `y#\ ^H ^
Oz#C_ q~"# ==$HOQ H\ `=Òk H^! J^qÔQ r=K`#=
_ `# $^=O^ L#\ "# ''L^^H= aOz#C_, Jq ''i+O
J=@O (H ^$_OQ H\ Ò H=@O) QOKK#k. c[O JO~O LO@#@,
$^ O< O LO@#@ ... z`~_Q D r=_ `#O^ D =H= #
J#q OK K<_. XH_ XHK@ LO_ H<[Q` ZH_ L# , ~+,
= =*=# QOKK<_ H^! [Q`Q, =H=Q HxOKÔ` P
r=x H O~= =! D r=_ =O^Hk [##, "##
J#iOz Jc+=#, JO^ [#OQ Y^Y =#, P Y^Y=
=z`= H~#, P H~ #O_ "## ... W@ K@q` = O^`
`< L<_. WÔ` Ou =! ""xH r=_ [xOK_. =~}OK_.
J~## D [##= r=#= =~}= JO` ` ==< J`xH HxOKK#k.

47. O_^#O
N~=_ : Q"#_! =+=s! ~= O~|OK`< #^x
JO@<~ H^! =i ''O_^#= |O^=K X#~|_#C_, P O_^#
=O K` XH<H #`# s~O Ok Jx g~ ZO^ K~? |O^=
K O_ ^#= =# =$`_H U"< aO^? a Z\ aOk?
N =+=i : O_= "|_=K. "|_H=K. Hx, ''"|_#k Jx
=$`_ qOz#O`=ÒK`< J`xH O_^# = aOk.
''z`= U ~O LO>, r=_ _ P ~=< ^# Jx qÔ
Q<~. D x== =$`@< H^. rq`@ _ =iOk. O_=
Ok#"_, ''O_=# Okux Jx qOK@OK J`xH O_ = ^K#^x
J#H<O H^! J^ qÔ Q O_= ^#= K |_#"_, ''<# O_= O^^
Jx q J`xH P = aOK@O^.
F Lù H~}O G 359
<# Kk K=`~OQ L#=@ x[". Hx, <# K^xH ^$O`= D

[Q`x ^~=. =<|= K`< D Z^~QQ ^$=x ^~=
`"# q+== J#qOK|_K<~. K#O_ O^~= J#qOK|_
K#k H^! =# #O_ ^~= LxHH O|OkOz# J#=O Ok.
=<|OK q+= J=$ÒHQ^. ''Q~_ q+O Wk =#
HxOk H^!
J`^~=, q+= _ =<|=K P =## J#iOz
`= JQK<~. D J` ^~=h `"#\ |= #O^
J^~`= L<~. JO^K` ~=!
''H~}= O_ Z=iH Z\ =# L^~OK^. ~=# =H~}=
^". P` O|OkOKx q+=Qx, PÒ^ c[`= #\ =HQx,
P` "#\ ("~Q L#\) =~#Qx, ==~= Qx =.....
J##\ =^#= JO`~OQ=# OkO_=. ~=` ^#K =`"
P` J#==# ~Q^. J\ |=# "~ H~}=O@ ^. J#Q Jk
H~}~`=. Jk ~=# H~}=, #=, ~}= _. D [Q`
q+xH =, WH_ '== J# u=~ U XH H~=#H< H~}=
LO_ f~Òk. H~}O #\ H~= Z=~ QOK@O ^. q#@O^.
q^=Q K`#" "<~=# 'H~H~}= J# L ==#
O^K#k. K`#" [Q`Q uOk. JO^K`< rqOz#"i
OH= `=# iOKQQK<~.
N~=_ : XH<H r=_ D qÔQ `K_#HO_ : ''< O_^<^#
K"~ ~
WC_ W\ JaOQ P r=_ =$uKO^_x J#HOÔ. J@ =$uKO^#
=Hx L^t Oz J`x |O^ = Q^#, ^<k J<H ^~ H~= _ x~iOK~<
J#HOÔ. JC_ ^~ H~=h P r=x@ Ô J=`? H"? |O^ =
K # ^#^~ k H~= H ~H" # ` OH=. Hx, J`_ zOuOK#k
J`= H^! =i, g\ Z^x|O Z=Q LO@Ok? ''< g\ #O_ OKQ
^~=O@ Un ^ Jx `z#C_ J\ =$`x @ [~QK#^q\?

(Q~_ ''<# D ~Q =HH s~=#O^ =H@K "tOz# q+=#
|@ è"K<# Jx ^~=Q L# XHx s~= QiOz OHeOz#C_, Jk J> k
LO@Ok. Wk OH= H |=# x^~#O)
360
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
N =+=i : =~}Oz#"x |O^= ^~"#` _H#"~, G=K
qkOK|_# ^=H=O`H= x==# J#iOz K<~ H^!
H|\ G=K K|_# qÔQ ^^, ^# ^~^ P `=#
" HQ*~. `= H "# HO> '^~= H "# ^~}OQ
|=`~" LO@Ok. `"# He`=. JO`Qx G=}`= H^ H^!
H#H `=# (=~}Oz#"xx) L^tOz K# =# ^#^~^ P
`=# YO`< HQ* ~. P H~ # x~i # |O^ =H O H"
JO^ H~}=QK#k.
J~` WH_ XH q+ O h= Q=xOKe. `= (=~}O z# r=_) GH~ #
^+OK"_, "^=# "Ô@ u~iOK"_, <_ J~`, P `=
H OH" JkH|= HeyO@Ok. J@ HH` J`x xH$+"# Ò_
^~"#K (|O^=K x~iOK|_# ^<^ OH|OK) [~OK|_Q^. D
qÔQ, ''|O^= "# OH|O =$`x Ja|O .... D ~O_\
Uk JkH|= Hey#^` Jk ~O_=^xx [~Oz "Ok. JO^K`, qHe
`=K H~# (^#^~=#) x~iOK@O, ''D `=# =QQH!
O`=QQH Jx OHeOK@O Lz`" Jx = JaO. `=# ^$+
@Hx, H~ OH=K x~iOK|_QH!

48. "#H P~OO

N~=_ : =s! WH_ < XH =Y"# OÔ L^~Ok.
JO`~O Q=# L# ''"# ^ H^ #`# J#iOz qHO z#C_
q` ==$HO JQK#@Q, D s~^, [Q` <x q~
J<~ H^! =i "@"^@Q D $+ ZH_ #O_ =zOk? Hk ^-
H^ =O\~? J\ J~`, ^= $+H H=# "# ZH_ #O_ =zOk?
D ^$== W@ OKKO_@ JO`~OQ=#Oê "# H~}=x
^ JO@<~ H^! Z=i H "#K "^ Uk? Jq r=K`#= #O^...
^= H= J#|_ HiH~} (supportive cause) H ~#C_ _...
Z\ ^y LO@<~?

Hk ^z ` ~=Q P`, ''Ja+ PHOH ` _# H# <~Oz#C_,
Jk $+ J#|_^xH ~OOQ K|_Ok. G= ^xx ''$ k Jx <~. Jk
'Hk _.
F Lù H~}O G 361
N =+=i : =~z "=. ~ =^#O K|`#. H;|k` q#.

''$ kO^ ^H^ = Jx h= h =@##iOz QOz L<=
H^! J=#. Jk JH~ x[O. ZO^K`#O\"? $+H =O^ |= =`"
H^. J\ |=O^ ^$^~= L`#= JQ@ H~}= ^. ZO^HO>,
''H~}= J<k ZO` ijeOz< aOKH L#k. XH" ''D ^$= |=#O^
LO_ LO_@ XH<H H~}= L#k Jx Z=~< x~~, JH~}=# =~
H~}H~}O (cause for that cause)Q =~H\ LO_ LO_e. D qÔQ nxH
JO`=O_^. 'H~}= J##k aOKH =@K D ''^$^~= J#|_
H~= _ x^ JQK#k. J#Q D ^$^~= `Q L`#" J~
LO_^.
$ k O^ L`#= J~=O_#\ D '[Q` J#|_ ^xH WH q<#"H_
LO@Ok? U^< L`#"`H^, ^xH q<#O LO_@O!
JO^K`, D H#|_Ô` WOê ^H^` ~^ z^H~=Q |"
J~=#k. =iOHq J~ LO_^. D q+O x~OK\xH <# =# D
qK~}O^ J<H O` uOK=K<#. ''D ^$= U
==O^ _ L^qOzO_^. WÔ` |=HH =iOHq H^ Jx
èKC@ P =# W~=i O"^= H [#"#k. D Lù
H~}= H ~= J^. J~` WÔ` r=_ `# "<#~OQ =`"
QOKK<_ J#|=K ''$+-O~= J#|=K L^tOK|_Òk.
=~ =#O H^ "tÔ.

[ ^=`Q ~f^q, b^q ^x JO`~O "tOK~. ^x uH

Ô W`~O=< XH q Q$O =^ "# "^[ ` H|_
L#k. `" =OQ ^== LO_ ~O= LOK|_ L<~. Qk `,
H\ H ` =|_ L<~. J=è Q^ ^^[#O Q]\ x^
`<~. ^x uH^= H< kfb ~x L#k. P" H =,
P"^# Q H@Hx L<~. Ku qO*=~ L<~. P" "+=, #_=_,
s~=, "#, PH~=, ~=, J===, O^=, H@|@, #Q ....
"^#=h =#\ =< L#@ |^b Q=xOzOk. ^= .... P" q^~^x
W q_z WH_ LO_@O =`". Z_=Ku=x"` =Y=# $tOKH#K P
L`= W =#= =Oz#k. =^=^ Ja+` ~ "= KOk.
362
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
|^b ~ `, P"# KKK<~. Hx P" =Ò ''` OHe HH=@K
"ix K_H=K#k.

49. PkuH Ou
N~=_ : ! |^b J^ Q$O `# s~=# LOz ^#|O K`
q^~^ x = #=# "o#^x q~ K <~ H^! =~ P" uH^ =
q+" q~ Uq qOK^? P Ô U"#k? ZK\H Jiy#k?
=+=i : F! P ^= QiOK, h? Q< L#k. =O^Q r=x
''Ôu q+" D q q#. b H P ^= `= J~#C_
H^, P ? P s~= Z_ix ZO_==Oê [O = Ou =`". F
~"! =`~"# P=` _# |k H"_" D q+O <# K=#k
QOK.
D [Q` JO` P`. WO^ ^^ H# `= ZH_ L#k KC? WH
Z^~Q Hx# <=~=` _#, D s~= =>q@O\"? WÔ`
P#O^~=Q z#|" =!

~b H *#= =$k JQK#Hk, P" s~= =OKQ Hiy~Ok.

J~` W\ P"H Pu"H ^=`\ ^+`= _ =#\ uH {
Pu"H ^=` _# ^+`=# e L#k. Hx, P"O^ =#\
'PkuH Ou =Ò ^.
F ~=KO^! ""xH ''Pk uH= J##^ ^ =! ^x |=
J~= _ ` = H=. ''O^\ H= J# ^ QO ZO`\ J~~ `" ,
D H#|_ <=~`H $+ J\k. WÔ` "Ô@ J`" L#\H, D
r=_ P q+O ZO^H QOK@O^. J`_ D s~= QiOK J<H s`Q
=`H == Hey LO@<~. JO`Hx, ''D s~= Uq\? WO^ L#@
`KK# <<=_#? < "= ~== Z\q? Jx qK~} KO_<
LO@<_. O J<H J#==, ^$= O^K# ^+. ''WÔ`
< H# H^! Jx QOKO_<, JC_ qOK|_, OK q+=`
`^`= KO^K J<H Y^Y= O^K<_. P =, ==,
#Q~= "="#x ^$_"# =O^K<_. =x J<H O@#`
F Lù H~}O G 363
_# H^#=O` "= =K =~ J> LO@Ok H^! D *Q` O|OkOz#,

uHs~=# O|OkOz# J#== _ .... *#= qHOK=~ "="
LO@< L<~. `_@ L# ~Ou `y` ~qH~ `y`~.
Ou, = `y` `^$+ +OKK#k.
D PkuH OK=O` J|^=Q =# K`< HeOK|_Òk. D
q^== H=OQ =##O^ `== P~_" LO\Ok. [# U KH
O`=< ZH#_ q, =#=, Z^~QQ [# KH= = u~QK#@
Hx~ KK"? J> J*# =`" =# e#\ D $+#, J\ D
$+ x D O^= =# "= "# @ J#q OKK<~. Wk W@O_Q, O
uHÔ O_< J#`-J#" H#QK<~ H^!
N~=_ : XH 'y iQ 'P` O^_x J#HOÔ. P y ^=#
O|OkOz# ''PkuH == iQ `lOz, ''Pu"H ==< ~^
P~OKHx LO\_ H^! q~, ''Pu"H^= H# H#|_xk. <
~`"#k _ Jx K<~.
WC_ < O^= Uq@O>, ''=H =O _ PkuHÔ
LO@O^? LO_O_, Ò^? PkuH Ô L#O`=~ '=H ^=?
J^=?
N =+=i : *Q` h`" Hx# D uH^= `lOK |_O_<,
O ^+ =~H Ô aOk H^! D *Q` Ô W@ #
[_`=K _ LO_Q<, ^+ #`# Ô` qO@<_, #_<_,
~Q f<_, #=K<_. P O `~_ |O^q`` O+<_
_.
Q ''H== J# H ^~, D uH ^= W@ LO_Q<,
`= Pu"H ^=OK` "~# ^= Ok J#== O^K<~.
JO`H^, HO^~ Q s~= J^$=== Pu"H ^=`"
LO@<~. "~ ''<# uH s~î< D xH, t+xH HxOK^# QH Jx
OHeOz#_, J> uH s~^~ W`~ HxOK@O [~QÒk. ''D <

H=O : QGO D H=O QiOz K|_Ok. y ^#x+ LO@< `#
~|H ~ # #tOK H=\xH, H# H =~ =K `^# =# ^ =# Pu"H=
#O^ xiOKH# K<_. J\ He` ^=K J\ Q P H~# x~iOK@O, H$`
^+ $` H~# J#qOKK, `^~ ~|H~# `yOKHx 'H=O O^@O K LO\~.
364
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
uH s~= W`~ ^$+H J^$" LO_QH J##\ OH|OK` "~ J^$
~ JQK<~. JC_ "i s~=# `k`~ Q _ QOKH `<~.
WH W`~ QOK~x "~Q K?
''XH_ |uH<_. =~}OK@K QuOz<_.... J# ~=# îOK@O
"< ==K` =`" =! `_#O^ =# KK"_, ~*#=
`y~#C_ ''Wk `_ =`" Jx QOK#@, *<^= J~# `~"`
s~O` #t<~. ''<# ~^=# KK^# QH! O^^# QH
J##\ =`H"# P"O WH LO_^. J\ *x W@ ''=# Hey LO\_.
''D 's~= J#Q Uq? nx LxH ZH_? Wk #tOK@ Uq? W=h 'uaO|=
= J== H^! D s~=# îOK 'si ~_#Q <# `",
x`"=<#. LO_=#^^ ~^, ^ LO_< LO\Ok. J` LxH ZH_?
LxH x^x =# Y ^M^ ZH_q? J*#=#O`=~H Jq LO@<~.
J*#= `y~# `~ "`, WH D ^ ^ LO_xQx, `QxQx Jax"O
LO_=#x ^. Uk ZH_ Z@ ZO^ L<, LO_< ... <# P` '~
== Q H"_x H^!
*x H OH=, Ja=, =# q^"# <kx Hey
LO\~.

50. PkuHO Pu"HO

N~=_ : ^~! Q H PkuH ^" Q|OK` ''Pu"HO
JQK#Ô\~? H, PkuHO u~iOK|_ (`lOK|_) 'Pu"HO HQK#
Ô\~? =O^Q D q+O KO_.
N =+=i : F ~=! hHq+O Wk=~ K =~ K#. HO` q=~}`
= \Q _ K#. J~< h= WOH QOK@O ^q\? ~. =~
H\ <#. q#. D=~ =iO` x~+OQ `"#^xx KCK<#.
''Pu"H^= (H H;^=) XH> L#k. 'PkuH^= J##k
< ^. WH s~Ou JO\" .... Jk =# O|OkOz# ''J^
(superimposition) =#< HQK#k. P J^ `y`, PkuH |k ~,
''Pu"H |k L^~OKQ^. XH_ XH 'HOz `~# `~"`, P Hx

''=#=P =#= Hi#= .... "^#q U"< H#|_K<? ^
F Lù H~}O G 365
H^! J>, Pu"H *#= L^~Oz# `~"` WH D uH ^= H

Q~` Hi<^ `K= PkuH"# iq`=# iOKH ~OzÒk.
=#O^ U~_K# ^@"# Ou `QO> LO Uq\? ''Wk
= =`" .... J# *#= HQ@ H^! Pu"H |k, H, ''<# JO`
`` =#. Z\ =*= K`# |OkO|_#O`\ H; JO`H~} ~_#
.... J# |k H ''^ L^~Oz# =~H}O PkuH s~|k Z\ Òk.
J\ Pu"H *#= L^~Oz# Q s~= ^k= JuèH, ==
JQKO_ =K_! ^$O`= ". =O, ''Wk O He`"#
=. x*xH = J"=" H^! J# *#= HQ@O [iy`, JC_ P
^+ H s~O èH~, '~O JxOKO_ LO@Ok. J> *<^"#
`~"`, HO^~ Q `= WK# J#iOz PH=# ZQ~QQ@O =#O
K LO\O.
OH" Pu"H= H ~= H^! KHO OH^=<
P~OK"~, J#Q, ''<# H;~_< Qx, uH ^=# Q# ....
J# =#O^ n~HO LO_"~ ..... "i ~^= ^Q"##, =OQ
=i## H;^= J> LO@#k. WH Q` "~Q K^=#k? "iH
*<uOK` H;^`= D r=^ O^ aOKK#k. "i HO^~,
''<# OH=_# J##\ $ux Ok#C_, J\ *#==K PHq~O,
J^$=Q@ "^# ` "~ H~H#@O, O^@O [~QÒk. O,
''<# OH=_# Jx J#HQ<, Ox PHO qi# J#=O
Ok H^! Wk _ J\^.
F ~=KO^! ''D ^" <# J##\ J#=O H=O Ou =#,
J*#= =#, JqK~} =# U~_K#k =`" =! J\ Ou `y`
PkuH=O `yÒk. ^x` D O~_O|~O _ `yÒk. ^
Y=h _ `y`~. Ou L#K\H =`" ^Y=h =z K~ K<~.

N~=_ : ! =~H . Pu"H ^=` _#^, WC_ |^b

^x =Ok~O "tOz#k H^! P" H#H, ''<# D JO`~= L#"iH
HxOK^#QH Jx OHK Hey LO>, JH_"~ P"# K_QQ`~? XH"

Q~`= Experience of physical body as weight and mass.
366
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
K_Qey` "~ U=#HO\~? yiQ=Ox *+~Q ''D" ^=` Jx
J#HO\~? H, ''D" = =~} H^ Jx Qi~?
N =+=i : P Q$=x"~ P"# ''D" ^Y=K PHqOK |_# =
=~} H^ Jx q~. ~"~_ `= ~}x uiy kOz#@
q~.kf b" Kz#C_ =Ò, ''D" ZH_ #O_ =z# KeH` Jx
J#HO\~. ZO^K`#O>, JH_"~ kf b# ZC_ Kz LO_^ H^!
J~` W\H =Ò ''D" Z=~? J< J#=#O kfb q+O "iH
=K@ ^. ~A =~}OK_< ^YO "i =## Hz"K#k. JO^K`
JH_"~ H;"# q+=# QOK@ P =O ÔQ~.
=~H q+O. Jq"#"~ `= Kz# ^~=# J#iOK ==i
LO\~. "iH f="# qK~}H ZH_#O_ =O k KC ? `= K@Q i` O^
~Q^+= U~~KHx, "\O^ P" iÒQ x=Q"#"iH sH`H"#
H;^$+ U~_Ò^? ^. =\Q_` =$H= H HO_=# H\#C_ P
=\ <~Ò^Hx, HO_=xH "tOK^ H^! `Q J*# _
^~=# H;^$+` QOK~. JO^K`< "~ `` x~O KH`<~.
"~ D s~^ "=" L#@, g\` U~_K# O|O^, |O^ x["
J~#@ q<~. =## J#iOK "iH P J#== `"
<~.
""xH D PkuHs~= 'q^ =`" =! Pu"H ^$+ (H
H;^^$+) H"~ D uH s~=# QOKH L<~. J#Q, D H#|_
s~^h "i ^$+ =x ^~== =`H= =`". D
PkuH ^= U=QK#", Z@" =K#" Z=~= KO. O
QOK|_# s~=, ^~= "= =z#C_ U=`<~? ZH_H
`<~? =, =Q< èÒk H^! =~=#O HxOK D ^$==~O
_ JO`.
N~=_ : F ~*! =+=s! O Kz# ~`=, [# ... "^#q
x^" Oz#C_ ZH_H `<~? U=`<~? D O^ O _ `yOKO_.

F Lù H~}O G 367
51. Ox =*O U=`<~?

N =+=i : Qe HêH L#k. J@ H^K# Qe H^x Qe "tOk.
H^x Qe H^K#k. H H^K# Qe HêH `lOk. Hx, Qe ~^
Qe H^! H QOK|_K# HO_ "^#q x^~=Q< -K`#=
#O^ qb#=QK<~. ^~= "= ~"q\? #" H^! Jq
'K`#=# HK#" LO@<~. WO`< K`#= qb#"`<~. P`
H K`#" =# H#|_ P ^~= ~=# iOk. JO`
^+ H '~}, 'H#, '= HO_ =iOHq H^. P ~} H H# H
= `y#C_ ~= J^=Q P``` =Q< +OKK#k. *Q` _
J\^ =!
XH_ XH<H 'T O^ XH ^$=# OHeOKHx JO`~OQ= #O^
î<_#H .... J`_ P T# `lOz#C_, JO`~OQ ^$=x =*O,
[# "^#q U=`<~? #= #Oz [xOz#q #" J~`<~
H^! =x ^~* O q+ O _ JO`! D *Q` _ JO^ "~ # kH^.
D *Q` # ''<# <k h= = J= H=
#= s~= O|O^= q` `= ..... W=h _ *#
Ok# `~ "` `=Q è|_K<~. JO` J^=Q P`Q<
Z~Q|_K<~.
h\H ^=`=# ^"q\ KC? Qe O^`= "~"~ H^H^!
g\H ^= è|_#> P`K`#= ^~= ^= è|_^.
''P` K`#= "~ ^~= "~ D [Q` "~. W=h P` ZH_
#O_ îOK~ J##\ ^*#" =^@"# J*#O. J\ ^^$+
q^*<`H"#\ ''O~=, Jx ''O$u Jx, ''JmH= Jx G=K P
|=K K|_Òk. ''= `K ^~= ^+ (H K`#=) HO>
"~ ... Jx K\xH =#H"< xq` H~}= (purpose & cause) a<?
^. JO^K` '' ^~= x~~H=. J~~`= .... Jx J#H `^.
WC_ ^~=#, *Q` ^~=# e KÔ. ''D ~O_ XH
`~QuH KOk#q Jx K\xH = HOz` OÔ _ ^. O H#|_
Q= #Q~ U qÔQ J`" '$ k O^ u`=QK# D *Q$`-
[Q` _ J`". "= `^<^K = ^$+x k~KHx<=.
JO^K` `^+=Q =H J#= ~H"# "H= @ q~O` HO`
368
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
q= LOKH ` ^. ZO^HO>, ^$ O|O^" # ''J*#^$+ ~Hx L#O`,
D ^$=x `= îOKQ [ OK@O ^.

^~= `=x Z=~< J#Q~? Jq J`= H^! F ~"!

XH ''P`K`#= =`" W@ *Q` #O^, J@ = #O^, J> +O^
... Jx Ô^ _ .... `", x`", H "K#k. Wk =H
J#=~O. "ÔQ=# Lx+`, `k`~ P` u^H G= J<H
^$O`= OK` D q+O x~<~. =#O _ D QOÔ J^
q+ O x~ OÔQ x~ < O. O QOK|_# ~ Ò "#Q< U=Òk?
P PkuH s~=#, ... P ^$, PkuH `^`=, P ^$`^`=
# =`= JQK<~. Pu"H ==, ... Ok# L`= ~+ q+ O,
''W`_ s~= O^K<_ [x<_. =~}<_, rq<_ Jx
QOK@O "i"i J*#= =# =`" =! Q~+ `=@Q J=Q#
JO^ "~Q LO\Ok. "~, ''"= D L^# xqOK"~=. ~=
x~= K# ` ~= ..... Jx =# K<~.
^+ K# ^~==< D '$+ J#|_#k _ # ~=,
q^, "He`=, Ou =`"!
F [#~! q~ q ~=Q 'P` # U=~z =`H"# ==O^,
= `" # ==~=O^ ` `=# x~}OQ Pk< ~. J@ PkOK@O
K`< J<H ^Y~O~# J#qOK K<~. D = J# x^# =Ô_.
="H=# ^Q q#O_. P` ~=O^ x^~=O_. =~H}O ~qH~
`y`~.
F ~=! 'J<k J~#\ ="=# _# D r=_ '=~}=~
=O^ ''Pu"Hs~=# O^K<_. J~`, Ou =# q+` $+H
J#"# \ ''$+ u# J#q < _. Jq J`x O^ =# H#|_K#
D ^=. W=h J`x =##O^ "K<~. JO`Qx, |@ ZH_, Un
^. Hx K=`~O KK"? J`_ Ou =O K` ''$+ u JO`
= #O^ L#^x `KK<_.

F Lù H~}O G 369
52. uH^= y^$+

P =Ok~O WC_ [ ^=`Q ~f^q, |^b "tOz<~
H^! WO` ^x r=K`#= _ (J#Q ^q q^~^ Lk
`lOz# r=K`#=) P Q$O "tOzOk. ^x uH Ô O^\xH
uOK <~OaOzOk. D [^=`Q ~f^q q^~^x r=K`#=
P ^= "tOKhO_ x~kOzOk. XH_ `# OH|OK` z`=$ux
x~k_ KK"? Wk _ J\^.

|^b : H=h! [Q[#h! [^g! D =Ok~O <# ZO`HOQ =k

LO_@O [iyOk? < s~= H#|_@O ^q? Jk WH_, <# `lOz# `~"`
ZO`H=#k. ZC_, Z@ `y#k? D ^~A W\ ZO`HOQ ="
_<_?
N ~f^q : f! h= h s~=# WK@< `lOz q^~^_ LO_#
|O_=xH "o<= H^! Jk [iy WH_H=#O H~O XH < Q_z#k.
h ==# ~HOKK W^~ ^ ~uO|= WH_ LO_"~. WH ==
U"#Ô\"? k# ~A `~"` h uH ^= +OKyOk. +==
O^yOk. r=~`" ZO_~# PQ < _#k. =~H ~A
'H= aQn~Ok. =OK= K<~Ok. P `~"` q =O`
WH_H =z h uHH=# ijeOK~. ''D" =~}O z#k Jx ~ ~ K H<~.
WOH=#k? h s~=# @ Hx~. ^xx zu LOz QO^ KH`#,
<u`# He O K~. WH h i[# ''J! ZO`H+O? = ~} =~}Oz#k
H^! Jx ZO`Q< PO^# KO^` ~kOK~. h H~ ~HH ''^=
"^# H~ x~iOK|_~. WC_ " x# K_@O [iy` ''~HO #O_
=~ ky =zOk H Jx qOz P~_`~ _! WC_ h= Pu"H
^=` L<= H^! JO^K`< h= "iH HxOK@O ^. ÒH =O`
W`~ Ô` H#|_` s~H ^$+ =`" Hey#\"~ P~_H UO K~?
! h h ~ s~= #O^ L# 'J#~Q=# J#iOK W\ h
^$+O^ J" ~=}= Hey<=. JO^~ `=`= "## J#iOK
JO^ J#=# ==# QOKK<~. ''_ pH\ He` `x
îOK@O J##^ WO^ =# +"# ^$O`=. h =~=# q+xH =,
h= iQ ''Pu"H ^==# O^=. JO^K`, ''W`~ "#`
370
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
_# ^ =# qiOz "=. ''Pu"H ^$+ ^$_" # C_ ''PkuH ^ =#
LqOKQ^x K#H^.
XH" , D uH s~=, [Q` J*# JQ_ K#\H, '*#
=Ò WÔ` H}O LO_ ^xQ =`" îOKK<~. XHx ''Pu"H
== ^$_"#C_, J\"xH D ~s~= h~x "OQ, "#x
+OQ <==`" J=`~. J#Q J`x ^$+ g\ `=, `H=,
+=, P~= J~#^n LO_O_< Òk. J\"i HO^~ `= PkuH
^=# qi~. =i HO^~ ^xx [ Ô Hey L#\H, ^xx XH
"# == =< î<~. Q$=, =G=, ==< D ^= _
"iH `KK#k. `k`~ ^= _ "iH J> = *OQ
Hx<~. ''<# D s~=# O|OkOz#"_# H#. D s~= <
O|OkOz#k H^ J# ~=Q XH<H L`= [ "~ Hey LO@<~. F
b! ^$_"# ^# H"iH, ''<# _#. <# =_# J#
=" LO_^ =! Z=i ^$+ D ^= `", J\"~ ''D ^=
#\ "~ Jx K |_K<~. WH W`~ "i@ Q ^$+ q+ "q@O\"? Jk
P W`~ *<*#= |\ LO\Ok Hx, Jk P yH O|OkOz#k H^x Q OK.
D qÔQ h= h s~= WH_ =ê =k ~A J=Òk. =#= D
L^" D PHO "tOKO. <# h W~=i iKiH# x^"`#
K# _. F b^g! WH, ~=. =#O =# OH =O K` D kfb
'^~#O WÔ. JC_ h= ^zÒQ =iOK^= QH!

53. ^x #~r=#O
JC_ [^q, ''D kfb = Wîx QOKQH Jx OHeOz#k. JC_
P kfb "i^~ H~HOQ HxOKQ~. "i `[= P Q$=#
"tOKQ<, P" LeH_, ù P WO\ <Q" HeKzOk. |^b
~`# Kz ZO` O`+=#, L`[=# OkOk. "i ^= "eOk.
kfb : F ^=`~! < OQ #=~O HiOKO_. q ~ < ZO`
O`+=# HQ*Ok. q~ < }^`. =~^` _. q
iKiH<# <# qHO> XHO` =O^Q WH_H =z<#. q QÒ.
WkQ, D O#=# Jk~Oz M# HO_.
F Lù H~}O G 371
N [^q : f! h= WK\ H =H< =O^ Z\ =K=? î ZK@ Uq

KK=? P =$Ò`=O` = KC.
kfb : <# q~ Kz#K@ 'Hy= ÔK|_#. XH<H =~#
Ok# <# JC_ ''Wk Jk J# *#" H LO\x. H =Hx#
<# =~}=~ QuOz# `~"` `~Hx K_Q, ZH_ PHO ZQ~`#@
uOk<#. J@ HO` ZQ~@ [iy# `~"`, }= J< ~^=#
Jk~OK#. "# H}= (the particles of sweet smell) = xOz WK\H
=K#. WH_ D JO`~O J<H nHO`` HtOk. HO^~ ^^ [#O
JH_H_ Q_x^~= xk<~. WH_ "`=~}=O` =#OQ, O`=Q
L#k. L`="# # _ < HxOK~. D Q$O L`H`K OKi
LO_Q, WH_ D = <~ q^~^_ xOz LO_ HxOK_. J`_ K
H|_<_. W`_ WO`H`" ==`"# Ô K<_ H^!
O, ZO` _ LO\_. JO^H, x^~ =^. W`_ `# J@ =~=\xH
qO*=~O g L<#. WO` =`[~Q qi^~ `H=~. q
H~} J~"#k H^! ## H~}OK "_H#K<#.

[^q : F L b~! WC_ ''= ~O_# D ~A# <# x^~

K<#.

W@ e ~^H=K JOH`~Q P [Q[#x ~f^q, OH |OK`

s~O "t OK O_ @ x~kOz# q^~^ x }=# OH=`=Q
q_z"zOk. JC_ P r=_ } " ~O` =~O^= ^~ s~O
"t OK_. =^Q~ O =} LO\~ KK"? J\Q , P r=xO^ '"#
L<~. r=_ P s~O "tOKQ< J`x =YO HOu=O`"Ok. H=OQ
J=== K`#=OÒ HQ~. r=~= s~=O` iOzOk. <=kQ
H# q_. JC_ W~=~ b J`x =O^ q#=``, ===`
''q! q = QQH! ==# P*O K"_ HO@<O Jx XHiQ eH~.
z~# ^_ W~=~ b# KK_. ZO` P~O! J`xH W^~ b...
PK~==~~=~^"H `q#=`=# O_@O HxOzOk.
^_ : F =x`~! qi^~ Z=~? Wk JÒ` zÒQ L#k =! qi^~
JK XH f~Q L<~? ZO^K`?
372
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
|^b : F ^"! L^Q~` q~ "O Kk q#O_. <# q J~Oyx. ''"
P" H J~= U qÔQ Jq<=O|OÔ HeyO\, <# _
q` H J> LO_^##. |n~HO =#q^~O ~ ~" OKiOKO.
WH D kfb# KK~? D" _ q ~. q H~H < uaO|=
J~#\ D"# g~ HeOK<~. JkQ J@, q `" K_O_. P |OQ~
O#= ~# =x`" K_O_. P" uH [#xQ ~f^q. P"
=#H ~}=OK` =#Q J"["# =K =# HìOzOk.
P" =## `# H=`` H~}OQ ==K ~H= #O_ WH_H KiOk.
P" H ~HOQ #=iOKO_!
P =@ q# ~A `\# HO` `@@` z x|__. =,
=G= <`KO_Q, H=`Q [^=` ^ __. H ~HOQ
=~=~ H `H<_.
^_ : ~`^=Q F `b! ~f=`! < D #=~O HO` P"#O^
HqOK=! h ^~#= T~H Ò^? ^H^! = Q "^#, n~=#,
^#=# kOK^= QH!
N ~f^q : F `! = "Oz`~=h Ok D Q$O
=OK=. h q+ O Jx P^ , |^ `QQH! h [ xÒ`+=#
O^^~ QH! h ~R=#O^ H; ~" "# QH! W@ eH [Q^î}Q
~f^q JO`~#"#k.
JC_ ``"~Òk. b #sq`_# `# ~# Kz H` s~~#k.
H=OQ JH_ JO`~Ox [# x^~z J@W@ OKiOK ~OaOK~.

~[=#O P#O^~=Q [# OK~O`#, w`=`#, [[
^<`#, =OQ^=Q }=K# =O`^#`# XHi L`[O Ok#k.
~A #sq`__< =~=#O =O`, =O`, ~[# JOkOk.
J\HC_ ''~A, ~} ~H= #O_ =#H~ =~ uiy =K~ J< J~O
=K @ ~zOK|_, Q#O K|_~.
b [iy#Ô` q=iOKQ, û ^Q PHOK_. J\HC_ <Q
=^ #O_ [O `|_~. J`_ =OQ < K_. =~ J`xH =OQa+HO
K|_Ok. P ~A, W~=~ b `= ~=$Ò`= QiOz zÒQ Q~
KHO@, OQO KHO@, L^#=< qiOK~.

F Lù H~}O G 373
KK", ~=! P ^_ x[`|OK`, ~f^q H\HOK` ~=

^H=Q *#=# O^_. J> #~##, ~[=# _ O^_.
|^b ~f^qK kOK|_# *# q+=h P Wî` _ qKiOKk.
P =Q~ r=# ~[=# e K O=`~ Q_~. P ~A
*ÒQ, O_` O`+O HQ* @Q, ^+~ ÒQ ~[^~ x x~iOK_.
, ^~=, Q= =Q< J`xO^ L`=`= O^~.
P `~"` HO`HxH ^#qK~} [#OQ ^_ kfb
_ L`=*#= O^~. q^=H O^~.
^=b W`~" =H~} H^!

374
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
IV. bM#O qH
1. H= =# ~+H~= ^== JYO_ |=

N =+=i : F ~=KO^! D r=x O^ ''^$=` U~~KHx# |O^=
J#|_ XH<H ^+= ~k^Hx LO\Ok. J\ ^+ x=$u H~H h D
'bM#O K#. ''D ^$[Q` `= J# ~= Q ="= h=
HeyO__^ =! D ^$= h KK# `=# x~kOK`KHO>,
J^H> LO. D Z^~Q LO_, OKK#\ ^$=#O^, ''Wk "="
J# ''``|k L#O` =~ nxx x~eOK@O |H+`~=QK#k. L`=
=#K P =|k `y~O^ .... WH O~x [~OK@O, =Hx O^
QQ@O, H+"#^n LO_^.
*#Q "~ D ^$ ^~=# K#C_ ''W=h PH= = '#=,
q^ =`" Jx qK~} =~ OK Z~QK<~. D O K=O` PH` _Q
~=~+x O^ "K#k. J`_ Jx\H H~}= H~=_. J`_H_
O=. `# LxHH `< H~_`_. J\ P ~=` D $kq "^#
OK`= O|OkOz#"_ H^ =! J`_ z<`" (that which knows,
sees, experiences all else) s~=Q H"_. J`_ =~H=Q `#O^
D q=~= O` HeOKHx, JO^ "K<_. JO` Qx, ZH_ Un =#O^

^. J#Q, ^+Q, ^$=Q OKK#k J`_. J`_ ^+`=H< =O^
ZC _ L<_. P K` # ~_Q O = ZC_ Z@ uOK<, H qOK<,
H OHeOK<, .... JC_ J> q=~= O^K<_. J`_ '$+ H~ uOz
#_ H OHeOz#_ $+ [~QÒk. 'u H~ qOKKO_Q u
Ok. = H~ uOKKO_Q '= OKK#k.(He Creates,
sustains and destroys of his own volition)
F ~~=! D [QÒ` ''|`H= JQ (|" ~=Q Hey

#\) x~ z^H=#O^ uOKK#k. J~` ~=~^$+` iHOz Kz
#C_ =Ò |=# ''[Q` J#|_ ^~=# `" ^. iq`=
^$ Kz#_ ''==~^$ + Jx, =#`=Q ` " P =Q Hey#C_
'~=~^$+ Jx K|_Òk. D [Q` |k qH~=K #k =`"!
F Lù H~}O G 375
JO^K` WÔ` |kiz#_Q r=x O^ =`" "K#^x QOK.

=i J\ =~=Q OuH '` Uq? "#Uq? ~`"H_? xu Uq LO@Ok?
^xH~ Uk P=H` Hey LO@Ok? ==# =`" WÔ` W@ ==
n~"# ^$=Q Ok. h`"#^x=, D r=# `= =
P_OKK, ==~= =iOk. ~=~^$+K WÔ` #"! '= J#
|=# Q J~"q\? ''U^` ^ ... Jx H^! J"=H`` _#^, =
=`" J~#^x< '= JO@<O. JO`Hx WH_ '= J#|_ XH<H^xH
H~ $Ò PkOK@O =# LÔ H^ =!

N~=_ : Q=<! q~ D 'bM#O ^z`"# ^$O`= K,

r= Oux kOKHey#\ ~=~ ^$+x îOK~. P! P~O! ZO`
HO `~"` WC_ "= `H=#k `HO@<=x = JxOk.
q! q~ K# LM#O, JOê G"M#O JÒ` J^ÒQ L<~. Jk
qx, =Q qK~} KKO_@K, `` =# QOz Oux, x~}=#
Ò_ "=O` O^QO. q "H=$Ò ZO` q#\H `xq f~@O ^.
WC_ < HQ`# Hx O^= q<#. J#QOKO_.
XH H= H qq^ Q` - s`
XH<H r=_ ''=+^q^~^ .... $+O^ rqOzO_@O =#O
KC# H^#O [iy#k H^! J@ =_ f~Q Q_z#\ H= H
~= Z\k? P H= _ =# D HOQ< ~uO|= Hey#^<?
Jk == O=`~= H}=n~HO "^#q Hey#^? XHi
"~"~ =}=` "~"~ s`Q HQ=#O LO@O^? P r=x "~"~
[##= O^ HQ=# H "~"~ H Z@ Hey#k? XHK@
Zxqk ~A [~QQ =~HK@ _|k O=`~= Q_z<? < OÔ
Wk. D q+" q~ KKQ Hx q+ K<~. Hx <O^
WOH O^x=$u H^x < JxOk. J*#=Q "= XHi q#O`
=ÒK` QOK=#Ô` QOKQ=? ZO_# =\ XH\ ~O_ [aO^=
Ok#O` =ÒK` `_O^? ^. ^~! < |k `y#O`Q qHOzO_H
=K#. ## HqOKO_. D 'H= q+" =iHO` q=iOKO_.
N =+=i : 1) OH= 2) *#= 3) J#== .... D =_O\H XH<H
K=`~"# Jq<=O|OÔ L#k. Z=_ ZH_ Z\ *#=# O^`_,
376
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
J`_ ^x@ J\ J#==< O^K<_. *#= OH= XH\ H =~H\
`_, P^~=, == JQK<~.
D q+O Hx ^$O`=# fHx =iHO` +OQ K`#. q#.
''W`_ < "#"_ Jx x~O`~O qOK@K XH_ J> "#"_
JQK<_. ''W`_ < q`_ Jx qOK@K `= _ q`_`_.
XH<H_ q+=# ''Wk < J=$`=` =#O Jx qOK@K HO` H=#
Jk J`xH J=$`" JQK#k. ^~=, =, O@# .... W=h U
=O` qOK|_`, J\ =< =OK` P ^~=, =, O@#
J> u<~. H~H~H= _ JQK<~.
''XH xq+=# J<H H=Q qOz, J\ |kx |_Hey`, J\"xH
P XH xq+" H=Q `KQ ^. J^qÔ Q H= O^ ''Wk XH xq+=`
=#O J##\ |k LOz#C_ J=h =~H}O xq+=`= JQK<~.
z`=H ~" J\k. =#O ^$OÒQ HHrq` q+= fHOÔ.
^Y=`, =` k`_QK#"xH 'XH ~u JÒ` ~OQ, J<H
O=`~= O` _"#kQ `KK#k. YO^ Ok#"xH .... J^
~u - |O^ =Q=O`, P#O^-P^=` - XH H}== Q_zÒk. Jk
J\ LO_Q, XH_ #=O O^K#C_, J`xH HO Jun~OQ,
n~HO JuOQ J#==QK#k. O, ''J! =~}OK#. =~
\# =< Q_z~, =e"_##. =O^k [#= q~O
}O K#. ZH_, ZC_ LO_# "i` H O+OK# -J##\
=<^QO HQÒk H^! W@ n~HO OQ LO_@O, HkHO n~OQ
J#===@O u"iH U^ XH O^~O U^ XH~OQ J#=O J=`<
L#k =! 'iO^_ J< ~A XH~u O^ 12 O=`~= HH==
H J#=O Ok#@ qx<= H^! '=}_ J< =~H ~A XH~u
O^ _|k O=`~= P=# J#qOz<_. JO`H^. ''=i
=#= H XH rq`HO .... *u |^=xH XH =~HO JQK#k.
|H XH rq`HO q+=# XH ~A JQK#k. q+=H rq` HO
t=# XH~A. xiH =kO^ k"~` ^" LO_^. ZO^K` #O\"?
xiH =kx P~Oz#"xH WH 'H= J##k "Ô\ J`=Q#,
P`^~"H> `=Q# J#==QK#k.

=}x H^ D H~}O ''WO^*M#O K|_Ok.
F Lù H~}O G 377
XHC_ D ^#^~`~*k Q= JÒ` =^~OQ, Q"#

"\= LO@<~ H^! W=h "~Q==` îOz#C_? "\ H zO`#
JO J=Òk. ZO`=Ok KH=~ `\ ~ Q= `lOz "#O
HiOK^ KC ? =^ ~ ==` zOuOK@ K`< H^. ''L"=, f~
`,
n~"# ^` .... "^#q P^H~OQ `KK<~. =^~==
H == K`< Ju H+`~"#\ ''=<x~^= _ P` Y=# k,
=^~=Q OKK#k. =~+Q HO^~ `=@ ``= =OK"~
`~_#C_ _, ''g~ < q`` =#". `= `= D ~+ "H=K
< " K<~ Jx ==O` zOuOKK LO\~. J\ zO`< =OK`
HsuQ J H=#"~ _ P ~+Q q`Q< i}qOKK<~.
J> q+Q^ O^@ Q#, HO^~ |O^= _"~ H=K.
Hx, ''g~ < L`= ~~=# q`=< HQ*<~! Jx qOz#C_
P |O^= J`xH J JQK<~ H^!
F =Q! ~=KO^! ''J D [Q` JO` Uq\? U"#k Jx
ijeOz#C_ ''WÔ` H=O =<=O =`" Jx =# è=KK#k.
'' iOK@O, [=, `= "^#q .... L`="# ''=#,
JO .... D ~O_ H=@O K` ... HOîH ZO` ^^"# "\=
Jx<~. =iHOîH ''KHQ QOz LO_@O .... 'Wq ^= Jx
=# HeyO_@O .... JO .... g\ =# [`k ==~= ZO`
èH#qQ, P^H~"#qQ, YH~"#qQ J#= =QK<~. ij<`H"#
|k #\"_, <H xOKK#C_, XH" Kz ''P! D =$H=
QO_=Q H^K<~ Jx J#HO@<_. J\ HO_, ''D qÔQ K@
H^K#@ H#|_K#\H, J@ [~Q@ JÔ. ""xH D <H H^
K#kQx, K@ H^ J# =## ^$_O KH#"_, = #H_.
F ~=! QQ ijeOKH=@O, qK~} KH=@O K`< .... #=
_ J<H =*=` _Hx ~== J#=O J=Òk. O Q_,
=#=, `k`~ =*O, |O^[# H#|_@O [~QÒk. "~ "==?
H^. Hx J#=O =Ò LO\Ok. JO`~OQ=O^ '=# QqOK|_@O K` Z^~Q P ~OQ ~`
L#@ è= LO@Ok.
_ `# ''\#~A O_Q =O\ P#OkOK=# =O _ ''D
P@== K_~O^ Jx H}O d#_ ^YO O^K<_. ^"_ ''J!
< H#H ^#^# =$k LO> ZO` Q! Jx J#HO@<_ H^! =i,
^#^# =$k Hey#"_ dOK=#k ~, ''<# P H =#
O^Hux H^! Jx `KK, OK=x 'x[= #O` QKHx
HO `KHO@<_? q"H#_, `# Z^~Q L#k Q_ J~#\H ... P
Q_ <~` ~zOK|_# ~OQzÒ Kz, ''Wk ~. Jk Mm O. Wq K@.
Wq @. JH_ O h\ D` H_`<~ Jx =# O^`_. =`
q^ J~=# pH\ x 'Ô J#|_#k, iH"x ^$+H P HêH`
HxOz, J`xH K=@ >@@ KOk. z=iH XHHi P iH"_x
KOOk _! ''Wk "=" J# ~=Q *#= =#< XH_ O
Kz# O^~ ` PeOQ# =O Ok, ``~}OQ P qH~= D *Q` uH
^=#O^ O^K<_.
F ~"! x<H "<#. =^#O KC. Z^~Q h`" xz
# D ''[Q` U=~ L#Ô\=?
N~=_ : Wk q^Q PH= =`".
N =+=i : XHH_ "= K# Kz, `# H< |OK`, Jk
H^K#C_ .... ''WH_ XH<H q^#@_ L<_. J`x h_ Wk. J`x^ D
Ja#O. J=#, WC_ J`_ HO K<_ .... Jx = KO^`_ KK"!
JÔ` J*# K" H^! J*# =O K`< J<H ^~=, h= <#
"^#"\` _# D [Q` J#==QK#k. ''H=Q = PÒ^
'[Q^=# qiO*K#k .... Jx J<H=Ok *#K, G=K
x~O^=Q H\ OK|_Òk.
''~ =+~=Q PH= #O^ =$u ~=# U~_K# =<O^" D
[Q`.
Jx "= J#=~HOQ Q<O. _x JêOK\xH, ^" ....
''J^Q |z. h= U_", Jk =z q^ _Òk Jx ` LO\~. JC_
J*# _, ''B#. x[" H Jx Ji =#HO\_. ''"= =~`=
*~`= H~}OQ JH_ x*OQ< ''|z J#|_#^^ K_. J`#
F Lù H~}O G 379
K#Ô` =<qH~= HH =iOHq\ KC? D ^$ q+O _ J\^.

O> WH_ Y=q\? ^Y=q\? =q\? J= q\?
h"~q? <"~q? JO` =<qH~= =! J> ''JH_ WH_, JC_
WC_ .... ` _# ^~=, #=, == _ JO`! W=h =#H
HH## J#iOK U~_K<~. J#==# =<~.

F ~=KO^! D [Q` =He`=. PH~ ~`=. `Q Z\ x~=

#\ [_=, '^ H#=. JO^K`< `À#"~, D [Q` q+=#,
''Jx^_#"_ KKK# J~= =O\k =`" Jx KHQ Z~QK<~.

O= `#O^ P t^$=# ( , H$u, [O`= "^#

PH~=#) JQOKOk KK"? ~=# P^~", z#", xiH~",
~=~`", =~K~#\ 'P` J#|_ O=#O^ D $+ Ok.
''^+ ^$= .... D ~O_ _ P`HO> U=Ò "~#q H=. P! ZO`\
K=`~"#q+O! XH_ = qÔ_, èqQ"_ J~=O_ _, `#
=#O^ `~_# ^K kOK|_`, Q=HH " LO\_. J~`,
P Ô^~ JO`~OQ=# =Q `#K` H# K|_#"~ H^! =i
`^ kOKQ =~O Z\ =zOk? P =~= kOz# "~
Z=~? ^+ H H<K`~" JÔ` J~=O_ _, J`_ Jk Z~Qx"_
ZQu U_K<_. D *Q$` ^$#== q+= _ J\^ J#@O
=Hq OÔ ^.
''j`HO `~"` =O`HO =Ok. JC_ q +=`, =`
` zQ~` '~== JQK#k J##k [# K< L<~ H^! P
'~`= ZH_ ^y=O\Ok? =O`HO =KiH ZH_ #O_ |_Òk,
KC? P ~Ò qO^ JH\ ÒQ Xky LO_, `y# ^ H= Oz
#C_ |~Ò J=Òk. |OQ~O H~yOz#C_ ^==QK#k. JO`=O^
^=`= ZH_ ^y=O\Ok? |OQ~=#O^ H^!
J\Q H;=Q ''~=K`#= #O^ D OK= J}y LO\Ok.
h H K` "^# JOQ= '~=_ J#|_ hHO> "~H^ H^! D
[Q` _ |= HO> "~H^. Hx '|= H '~=` J==~`=.
J\ D [Q`#O^ `KK# D 'r"` _ '~=` HO> "~#k H^. H#H
380
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
'r"` _ ""xH *=`=, J==~`= J~=#k. WH D [Q`
q+O Uq@O\"? XH ^$O`= K`#. q#.
XH_ XH ^ =# QOKK<_. JO^ `# Q KH=i J~
`~A` cH~OQ Ô K<_ ..... J\H P q+O J`xH `=Q<
`KKO_# H^! W`~H? JÔ` q^=`". WO`<, J`_ `\# H#
`~z, `# H# ~O_#"x` ''U=? P `~A ## JO`Q OO> h=
=z _=K# H^? <# h Wk=~ Zx~ Zx K^
KC? Jx tOK_@.
Wk ZO` Ô! P O î =^ x^~z H# `~z# "x
J~"=#k? J`x = J`x q`# J#=O J=^ H^!
D [Q` = ^$+H ~=x~+"# `=Q#, q^^$+H "^ J`"#
^x= `KK#k. "" xH D '[Q` J# ~` K |_K#Ô` $+H =O^
H=O^ ... =^H=O^ _ ~=Ò^ ` (that which exists) {
J` (that which does not have existence as such) ~=# "K#k. WÔ`
'' $u[ (Remembrance and Knowledge retained) #O_ =`" W@ J#=
=QK#k. JO>,... D '[Q` O^ O~ ~=Q ` =`" OKiOk.
^+ H#H O~=# `lOK@O [iy`, D '[Q` J#|_#k #>. J#Q Uq\?
XH_ `# ~ $u[# J#iOz O~~HOQ ^xx Z@ îOK`_,
Jk J> Ok. JO^K`<, XH 'O@# H 'q+= (H '=H H '==)
XHxH O^~OQ `KKO_Q, =~HxH JO^q#OQ LO\Ok. XHxH OQ,
=~HxH J~+OQ, XHxH J#OQ, =~HxH uOQ, XHxH ~QiÒQ,
=~HiH ^+HOQ ... W@ ~H~H=Q Ok. JO`Qx D [Q`, U
q+"<~, .... ''Wk W> LO@Ok. Wk W@ iq`= Jx =#O i^
HeOz, x~zOK=. JO^K`< Wk ''Jx~Kh= Jx JO@<O.
N~=_ : q! q~ WC_ =#`"# q+=< ukOK~. J~`
WH_ <k =~H OÔ. bM#Ox q^~^x =O~O~ JH_ =O`,
~ XH f~Q HxOzOk. 'q^~^_ J#"_ @@O, ~Q@O "^#=h
XH<H r=x =`" L#k H^! WÔ` XHiH =~HiH Z\ QÒk?
XH~ K#^ =~H~ Z\ K<~? XHx =xk =~HiH H#|_Q_^
H^! D [Q` J< XH q+O XH f~Q HxOK@O Z\ [~QÒk?
L^~}, ''Wk Q_. Wk W. W`_ =#=_. Wk [O`= Jx <# Z\
F Lù H~}O G 381
K<<, q _ J\Q HxOk H^? XHx =~}O J<H=Ok |O^=

^YH~}=Òk. W=h Z\ Oq<~?
N =+=i : (1) =Y O~O (2) Hi O~=.
XH z# '"~Y q=Q "gzH# J#iOK xOk H^! D
''z`= H =Y O~=# J#iOK qQ` *#=O` LO_@O [~QÒk.
JO^K`<, ~, =O` _ ~O~H==O` XH suQ HxOk.
''W`_ = ~A, D = #O^ [xOz# W`_ WH_ =O~~ ==#
J#iOz ==# eOK"_QK<_! "= WH_ ~"= J# He`
=## WH_ J< O^K<~. P JOî "= ~= 'Oq` H^!
XH "= J<H gzHQK#@, XH [= J<H H~@=QK#@, XH Oq`
P [Oî ~= ^K#k =!
J~` WH_ XH qzÒ. q^~^_~A~[==O`[ .... W=h
_ P~`q+ H^! 'Oq` D qÔQ P~` q+ 'Wk "="
Jx =# (H) J#=O ZO^ O^Òk? ...... J<k XH . 'ZO^? J#
= =^ =^#O ^. J~` ''P~` q+=# HiOK@ J##k
Oq` H =" J~=#^x =Ò K|_Òk. ''Wk P~` q+=
Wk "== .... Jx QOz#C_ P Oq` `# "=~ "#=O
O^@O =Ò [~QQ^. =} WK~ÒQ< `# HOu O[=# Z^~Q
L# == "^[K#@, Oq` OHqH^# Hey LO\Ok. XH_
XHK@ XH `_# KK_. '= Jx J#H<_. ~ qH~= O^K<_.
WC_ J`xH, ''Jk = H^. `_ Jx è@O =YO. "#"O@< qH~h
`~. J`_ O`=Q ux =~ OìOKO\_. `q+=
ukOK@# =ê\, `k`~ K~ ZO` K UO [#O?

'zO`=} Uk Hi` Jk WOk KK"? J^qÔQ q^~^x r= K`#=

_, ''<# D =O=# D f~Q [xOK^# QH J##\ JO`~` "<|O
HeyO_@OK J> [xOK@O [iyOk. ''z`^~= ~Qq (All pervading). D
''r=_ Jx =#K =|_K#"_ "=~= z`^~" H^! JO^K`,
'r=K`#= #O^ U"q J^" LO@< J=h $+ =O ~~O
O|Ok`= <~. "< =OK U~_ J#=*#=# r=K`#"
LxH #= JQK#k.
382
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G

JYO_ |=
|H~
=O XH Q==# Z
H# J~#>, D
= PH~ 'r=_ J#|_ `` =
=O H i^ =`
_H# 'H# =`".
u r=x O^ XH<H |H~ =O "K#k. Jk q+ ^+=K

U=Ò iOK|_O_ H`" LO_#k. Qkx n=#, P "Q
[~Q O@# O|O^=#@ Jk ^xH O|OkOKO_ LO_ LO\Ok.
''XH _ n "Q iOK K<_ J# q+" fHOÔ. n
"Q J`x K` KkqOK K#^? ^. Hx "QH` K^=@O [iQk H^.
|H~ `` = _ J> .... ''~=# H~}", Hx Z\ 'H~ $`= J##k
H< .... LO_ LO\Ok. Jk 'q^=H =~ LO_, J@ |=# qb#=Q
K#k. J~` |=# "~#k U H}O _, ZH_ Un ^ =! P
|H~ =O J@ LO_ LO_Q<, D r=xO^ =<|= "eqiK#k.
=<|OK` z# == P PH~O iOk. r=O^~ _
qHOQ< W@ i<~. J#Q, ''<# ZH_ U ~=# i<< JH_
P ~=# < <#. <# x^k < OK^. JO^K` JO`\ O^
<# qiOz<# J##k P`*# J#=O.

F ~=KO^! P qÔQ z#== '[Q` PH~OQ iOK@O [O.

i\ _. JO`=Ò K` `*#=# =K =^"n LO_^. =\ Zx
PH~= Ok` U=#k? P =\H, PH~= O|OÔ ^H^! =\`
U#Q# K#O`=ÒK` =\ U#Q J=Ò^? =\ ZC_, ~^ =\Q<
LO@#@, [Q`# O^K# D r=_, r=xK O^|_K# [Q` .... D
~O_ z#=Q P` ~=. J~`, =^=" xOK =#k W`~
L#^# `#O^ qb#O K HO@Ok KK"? J^qÔ Q, ''= z` ~}
J~#\ D ''[Q` =##, x``" LO_ LO@#\ ''|H~ *#=
|~K H#K#k. D $+ , D [#, D [Q^ =~= =Hx x~kOK*=.
F Lù H~}O G 383
J#Q, Wq W@ LO_ LO_Q< r=_ ''<# ~^ P` ~_< H^! J##\

=H == ` O_ O^=K. "" xH D r=_ =H ~_Hx, |^_ H^.
J\ =H ~=# =~Q#~z LOKK#k .... ''J*#= JqK~}
=! JO`Hx D uH ^=H ~HH =H`=# ^~K*=x
QOK|_ QH! r=# J`x ''~^ kOz# =H ~=# Q~K@
H~H G=, G=K K|_ qk q^#=, x=x+, ^~=
LO_@O [~QÒk.
''<# |=#. JO`Qx YO_ Oz` ~=Q s~=Qx, iq``
~=Qx H# .... J##^ | ==Q K|_K#k. JÒ` ^$_OQ
uOK"_ D r=== `lOz"z, q[_, | ==#O^ `H
"tOKQ_. u rqH "=~= Jiq`=, ^=, J"=
JQ |" H#H, urq |=# O^@ ``_K< L<_. è<,
è< ... urq `# ~` =# Z~Q@, H\ O K@ .... [Q` # O^,
JO`~OQ=#O^ P `=# K< LO@<_.
F ~=KO^! XH ~=}H}= #O_ _ Ou= [Q` "=_
K<~. #tOKK<~. J*#=OK`, L`" `= "# P O HeyO_H =@K`,
D r=_ J<H =~`=# HeyO_ D [Q` "t<_. ZO`Q
u UO [#O? uaO| =`=Q D [Q` aOKQey#^q?
aOKH=@O Uq\? *#= aOK#O`=~ J`xH L`=Ou aOK@O^.

`kQx, "^Qx#\ (PÔ`= #\), '[# "^# qH~= Qx

#\ 'z^H= (The All-Pervading Consciousness) XH> ~^ UH" "K#k.
` z` (Absolute Existence-Absolute Knowledge) ^x ~ ==x
K|_Òk. WH, [Q` ZH_? |O^"H_? q=H Z=iH? q"H ~`=Q H
`=Q |k Hey#C_ =`" ''<# |^_#, =Hx O^=#k
J# Ja ~O~ U~_ K<~. ~=# Jk#= (that which support
& substraction of everything) |" J~=#k. J\ |= =`" `=. [Q`
q^. WH |O^"q\? "H"q\?

WÔ` XH<H n~"# ==~= =, H^~K# = .... XH^x HH\
O|OkOz#^ LO> LO_h, UkU"< Wk q^. XH =$H= P`#, O_`#,
=`# xO_ L#\H J=h L#k =$H=#O^H^! J<H H
384
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
LO_=K#Hx, ''=$H= =Ò ~^ UH" (XH>) J~=#k J#@O OÔ
ZH_k? |= _ ~H O#", <<q^ PH~= iOKK#\H
.... Jk ~^ ''UH= JYO_= Jkf= J~=#k. ^xO^ <<`k
H# (that - this - I - you - he - mine - your - his - now - then "^# H#) U
H}=#O^ _ LO_ LO_^. JO`H^. Jk ~"H=. Jk HxÔ@
Un ^. |`` = QOK|_#^, WH =~#\H Z\ qH~= LO_=.
P` L^== =. JO^H~=# _ HtOK@O, 'Wk
JO^H ~= Jx QiOK@O, J#= =# O^@O.... W=h P` =#< [~QK<~.
P` k ~=. H~= _ J^. J~#\H, Jk Pk=Ô`~`=,
Jkf= J~=#k. hH, <H, D ~H ~= J\ '|=
H 'P` Hx, =iOHn H< H^. Jk ~^ ==Q =$^`~OQ=`
_# =^== "K#k. F ~"! ""xH D 'h=<# .... J#
== ==Q HeyO_ H#|_K# D [Q` "="#k H^. WÔ`
.... ^ ` SH OH qH .... ~H"#\ ''=# #O_ uOKK#@
JQOKK#k. PH= #" J~#\H, JO^ OuK` h`=, =`=
"^#q QKi<~ KK"? D [Q` _ |=#O^ =`H"# ^$+
H~}OQ QKiOk. = J*#=K` U~_K#k. 'J*#= JO> Uq\?
*#~`" =! 'pH\ J#Q "Q H=@O =`"Hx =iOHq H^.

2. [Q`=O
N~=_ : |*! ^! D ''<#[Q` J##q Ou =`=x q
"H#~O Q<#. J~` D Ou U H~}OK` U~_K#k? U H~}=
O>, Jq Z\ q<~? "\ ~" Uq\?
N =+=i : F ~=! h Q< L#^! L`==, x~=, fH=
J~#\ |kK D HOk # =O^Q ijeOK.
1. <# Z=~?
2. D z`"q\?
3. D [Q`# <# Z\ Ok<#?
4. nxO^ <K J#q OK|_K# P ^~= `\, = `\ U~_K#
O|O^ O^== `=? He`=?
F Lù H~}O G 385
5. XH" He`=`, Jq HeOKK#k <<<? H, =# ZH_ L#\

=~=~<?
6. =# L#\ Z=~ D H# H~}" O>, J`_ Z@ U [#=
Hi K<_?
7. D 'Lx+` "^# G= W# =^#"q\? D
q+" J#=AQ P`*# U=O@<~?
8. |k ^+~Ò J~`Hh L`=*#O qHOK^. =i |kx fHO
x~O KO> J#iOK=# =~=q\?
D # ijeOK@O, L`= `=# P~OK@O KKO_Q D
r=_ ''qk`"` (`H#=#k `Hx#"_) JQK<_. JC_`_,
''P! <# K`#" ~=Q Hey<#. D Ou JO` K`#= #O^
J~`~`"#k. K`#=# =#, ^xHO> "~Q U ^~= ZH_
LO_H L#k. <# Hx^n < =O^ OK@O ^ Jx QOKK<_.
J\" _ `## `# ~ r= H JO`~qQ, x+_Q, xOQ_Q î< _.
J~` ~=KO^! `j_ =`" 'qk`"^_ JQK<_. L`=
P=` uOK#\ 'J`j_ .... L`==## O^H =K<_.
J`_ D = `H" # O~O x+[#OQ H HOkH OKi< LO@<_.

~`H= (~H P`~"#k), [#~`= J~#\ |=

XH> uH=O^ `=. WH D J`=#\ 'h= <# [Q` "^#=h
= H~}OQ< =i<~. J\ `=# JkH~Q [# (Those who have
become competent to receive this knowledge by cultivating dispassion & discrimination)
Q OK@O H~H , x#-## xqÒ Q K Hx, D '"+ ~=}= J# QO^= #

~`` ~_Q ~=` "i=O^ LOKK<_.

J===H< "~# 'J=q

D [Q` [# J#== ^~=h ''OKOk=K QOK|_
K#q =`" H^! J@ WOk= J#==QK# ^~=x\H ""xH
`"# ~=O@ Un ^. ''W=h |=#O^. |=Q< "K<~
Jx |A KCK<~. P~}= |OQ~= #O_ "~? '`~OQ= J#|_#k
h~ HO_ "~Q WOH^< J~=#^? D [Q` _ D~# "~#k H^.
386
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
D JaO J<H= Ok *#K, u $`K x~ OÔQ H\ O K|_Ok. D~_
[Q` ~=# iOKK<_.
Hx D [Q^= D~xO^ ^ =! ^$O`= =~~}".
|OQ~" P~}OQ Ok. J~` '|OQ~= `# ~== H~
P~}=Q =i#k J##k =O[= H^ H^! |OQ~= |OQ~=Q<
LO\Ok. XH<H PH~=# ''QQA "^# P~ } <== =#O W< O.
=~H ^$O`=. D 'six fH. D J=q (J=== Hey#"_.
The Experiencer cum operator of the body) ~ J="`_ .... K=O^ q#@O,
HO^ K_@O, K~=#O^ ~ J#qOK@O ... "^# Hx\H 'H~

J~ LO@<_. JO`=ÒK` J`_ ''K qxH_ ~ "^# qQ =i=@O
^ H^! J^qÔQ z^` (H J==#=Q z^=) _ ~`H"
LO_@OK` <<~=Q HtOKK<_. Hh ~^ ^`^_.
D } JO`~=# XH<H =O J*#OK` ''<# [Q` "^#
~=h Ht<~. J~`, ''~_~H~}= = J\ =# _
|= H =" Jx QOK. JO`=`= K` |=# =K>q
LO_^. ''J*#=# HiOK@O _ |= H ="#k Jx QOz
#C_ P |= H ~`H`= J#===Q^. D 'J<H`= J#
~=Q '[Q` *_= JC_ =`" `QK#k.
XH \ H tO^ (J\Q XH ^~}=#O^) Z^~Q L# J~}O
uaOaO^#H .... JC_ P \ HO HxOK uaO| ^$= \ H= HO>
"~#^? H^ H^! ^~}O uaOaOK h =Y= ^~}=# "~#^x J#=
H^! z#_Q ~"~x #O_ D ''JO"`H= J~#\ [Q` "~#k
H^. Hx, "~#@ `KK#k. h\#O_ `~OQ <~. =~ WO`<
qb#"`<~. P `~OQ= [=HO> "~# ~<==` Oz#\H,
''`~OQ= [= HO> "~ Jx Z=~#Q~? J^qÔQ '|= J# =
=Ô ''$+ J< `~OQ <~. =~ b#" `<~. Hx P
$+h |=HO> "~qH^.
F ~ uH=! ~=KO^! "" xH ~ |= ^~~ `=. $+
O^
~|= ^. ~|=#O^ $+ ^. ZO^HO\"? ~| ^$+`
î WH_ '$+ J#|_#^ `K^. '$+ J#|_ ^^$+H '~|= J#|_
JYO_J" Jkf `` = H J#== aOKK#k. ^~}Ox
F Lù H~}O G 387
uaO|= = D $+ '= u =`". *#Q"iH '|` =`"

WH_ aOk. J*#H D h=<#[Q` J#|_ qq^`=O` `KK#k. z`
#O^ ue # 'q+ *#= H~}OK` z#~ |" [Q` Q QOK|_K#k.
H# K#k .... H#Q QOK|_K#k _ z# |" =!
J\ H# H P~O=# ... ''H~}H~}= (H~}= H H~}=)
J~#\ |=# JO`=~ b#"# |`<` PH~=# îOKK#k.
J\ PH~=Q |= P `~"` ~`<`` Q_ "`= J#qOk.
J@ "~= îOz# |" `[ H== ~`<`` Q_ `*
=`= O^Òk. J@ `*~= Ok# |" ~ `<`` Q_ [`=
O^K#k. D [~a=xQ |= 'QO^ `<`` Q_ `# z`=`
$k == O^Òk. W@ [Q` z#H~=#< HtOKK#k. D H==
HtOK@O WÔ` xq+= H= Q =O [iyÒk. W^ H\
H= =~ "K# $+. Hx, '|= Jx ==O^ =~ K~
H LO\Ok. Jk ''q^=, x`H=, $+= _ #=,
L^=~`=, Z\ P^~= H LO@#k J~=O\Ok. Jk
xiOQ, x+OHOQ, x~OQ ~^ == O^ "K#^x QOK.

'~=~` O^ $+= LO@#\H, JO^ U~_K# '"+=O
JO@ Un ^. D r=_ J*#=K H|_#C_ J<H ^= O^K#@
HxOz#\H J`x "===Q P` H JYO_`=# =^"q
U~_@O^. J^ r=x |k |^"#C_ ''=#^$= "^#q W@
LO_Q< J`_ =H == O^K<_. =H ==K JO`~OQ=#
O`|kx Ok =# ^`^=Q ==i<_.
Z=~ Z@ `= JO`~=# | ==# Q~ Jk JC_ "i@ J>
ue LO@Ok. Jk '=H q= Jx K|_Òk. J\ i}==
QOz#\ `^+Q "= ''D [Q` |=H q" Hx, =iOHq
H^ Jx x~OÔQ H\ <O. `, ^#=, qK~} "^Q"\K "=
D q+O QOz# `~"`< D q+O KCK<O. ''D =# WOk=`
_#^ |~ $`# O^K#k. `èÒQ KKk, q<k, J#qOKk ...
JO` H=O <=~`H"# H H# Jx "= QiOKK<=. H|\
Wq ^ ^$+ ^$ `" J=`~ Hx, "== H^.

388
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
"= KeOK#C_ ^x LxHx =#O QOK=. KeOK#C_ =`"
^x ~# J#q<O. K#= #C_ Qe #> JxOk. Hx, Jk x
="C_ KC? 'J*#= L#O`=~ ''K`# |= =~Q#_, [Q`
HxOk. J*#O `y` [Q` ^. K`# |"H> "="# ` Hey#k.
P ` ''~ H - ~= H ~ == QiOz Z~HQ
qOk. XHHK@ Jk `# ~=# U=~z LO\Ok. =~HK@ ~=Q
~*#=` HtOk. PHO JYO_" x~" LO_Q JO^ HO`QO
x~OQ#, =iHO`QO "^K H|_ LO\Ok H^! Wk _ J\^. J\
Z~H H `[Q=< (~= QiOz# *#= `lOz LO_@ ....
QOzO_@<) =#O ''|O^= Jx, ''"H= Jx ==i<O.
XH_ ''`[= "~, H= "~. ~_ "~. H~}= "~ J##\
|k` K_@O [iy`, Jq J> "~"~Q `K@O [~QÒk. ''`[ H=
Ja#=. ~_ ~H~}= "~"~ H= J##\ ^$+` Kz#C_
=Ò, Ja#`" J#==Q +OKK#k. ''|`` = OKK#k.
N~=_ : =`!
1) $+H =O^ '|= XH> H^.
2) [Q` |= XH>
D ~O_ "H= XHi X#Q_Q=O\~? U qÔQ?
N =+=i : =\` XH= `~K=#H ... P = =#O `~
K\xH =O^ ''=\ L#k H^! H` XH = H PH~= (U#Q,
Q]= "^#q) XH H=i te =z<_#H .... P P@= PH~=#
=O^ 'H LO_ L#k H^! =\=Q =K|_#C_, H =Q `~
K|_#C_ .... =\=\Q<, HHQ< LO_ LO@<~. J> P =\
= =H#C_ _ =\=> H^! D ''[Q` J#|_#k _, (=
PH~= =\` LO_ L#@), |=#O^ J=H" LO_ LO@#k. =H=Q@
[iy#C_ _, ([Q` #C_ _) WÔ` |= HO> U=Ò
"~#k H^. J~` OiH^$+ Q"xH =Ò ''~|= J#|_ XH<H
q Z_i h\K= = a# D [Q` ZO_=== J`=
J~#\H ''`"<? J#@Q qOK<~. qzÒ Uq@O>, ''z#
|= .... Ou =# r=~=# QOz, '$+H== J#^xH |_
K#k. WH_ # [Q` K=`~=O` Jk H~}OQ Hey#k.
F Lù H~}O G 389
'f L#k. qi yO[ 'H~= LO\Ok. h\O^ ^=Ò

LO\Ok. QeO^ Hê H L<~. J=h P ^~= "~ # ^x= ^ QO
^$ K|_K#\H .... XH^x #O_ =~H\ "~ H^. "\H a#a#"#
` ZH_ L#k? ''|` ^$= =O\k H^. $+H "~Q |=##k ZH_
^. ^+H ` "~Q '|= J#|_#^n ^. JO^K` '[Q` J#|_#k
''q^ Jx ÔfHiOK|_K#k.

Z\ H~}O O._< |= [Q` ~=# HtOKK#k. J\ H=
|=HO> "~q H^. ''"#z`=r= ... J#|_#=h =##O_
L`#=`<~. L#Ô` =#< L#k. =# H#\ [Q` ^. WH
=#H ~"q\? =##" H^! J#Q .... |Oq` `# =## Hx
L`lÒ K '[Q`r=_ J# *_=# =Q J#qOKK#k. ''*#
Q= =#, ''^$_O =#, ''~+Ò =#, D =# ~Oz
~#C_, J\"x ^$+ D [Q` ''x^ JQK#k.
F ~~=! |= ~`H", O`", J[", z#", x`HH"
L#k. ^xH [##=~}=##" =. Jk z^#= J~=#k. WH D $+
~O ~ JO\".... WÔ` x*xH ~= } = ~=# OH#~OQ
uOk. Ouz`= H O K`< HQK#k Hx, JO^ "~=~
H~}O H^. J ~=}=q? P ~=}=#O^ $+ LO_@O Uq\? D
H#|_K# J#==QK# ''Y^Y~Q^+=` _# [Q` q^
=`" .... J#@O OÔ ^. (H) HHe` =<"z`"!

h\O^ J "=_K, WO`< J}y`<~ KK"? D r=x
O^ _ *Q`+ J= U~_K<~. `QK<~. J> D
s~^ U~_K<~, `y=K<~. ''D s~=, =#, OH=
ZO^z qb#" `< J\ `` " '~= J#|_#k Jx qA x~zOK
K<~. D r=_ `# ~= QOKH=@K`< ` O^H`<_.
J`xH XHO` Q= _ q~Q= HeyO^ JO`=Ò K`< J`_ L`==Q
^= O^Q QK<_. O~O Q q~Q= Hey#^ ... WH 'r=#H H `y#"_Q
K<_. ''<#^= J# ~=Q ^`|k Hey#"xO^ =`"
''~Q=Q= "^#=h î`= J=K<~. '^`|k x"xH
[## =~}= =. P J#==h J`x ^$+ O@#=O\".
390
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
''D~K`#= r=x K`#= ... D ~O_ _ H~}=H~=Lk
(cause - effect - adjunct) x"#x QOK^= QH! "\ J^=#, SH`=#
QOz# "~ D O~=# [~<~. =HH J~ JQK<~. D

^$|O^= #O_ q= ì<~. h\#O_ `~OQ=h "~H#@,
`~OQ=h [" J~=#@, r=K`#= D~ K`#= #O_ "~ H<H^.
D~ K` # = Jkf" OH~ " (Self effulgent or luminous) =iK #k.
P D~K`#" XH<HC_, - PH= "= PK^# O^K#@,-
'JO== J# PK^# O^K#k. JC_k [Q^=## î OK@O [~QÒk.
J@ JOH~K^=` [Q^=## O^K# D~ K`#" D[Q`. D~
K`<`H" (H D~K`#" JO``` =Q Q) '[Q` Jx K|_ Wk '`
H^. WÔ` J` _ H^.
K`# ~_QK, =# JO==` H\ Ò Jk |" =!
P |= H =# OH ^#~OQ q=# HtOKOk. J\
'JO H ~= |". (''JO | .... |QÔ)
F ~"! D [Q`Q =# ^$_" J#==QK#Ô` *#^$+K
îOz#C_ H} O ~ ` O^ ~Ok. ~OQ OîOK|_Òk.

3. ''^== J~=
N =+=i : F ~=KO^! XH ~=}=# H Q=Q qlOK=#H
.... J\Q XH xq+H=# _ H Q=Q K< =#H ... JC_ P
H=Q"# H= #O^ "Hk [Q`, "Hk H= (''H# H
K=`~O K`) `== uOKQ= =! =~ J@ uOK u
[Q` x ` H ~= }=#O^ W\"
Q J<H [Q` J#= =# a < ~.
JO^H D ''[Q` J#|_#Ô` ''JO`x Ou =`" Jx K|_Òk.
h\O^ _QO_= ^ P=~= (circles) +OQ< Hx<~ H^!
D `=~=#q+` $+ _ +OQ ~OQ L#> Hx<~. J~`
h P _ Hx# h~ U H}O J~< ~OQ LO\O^? J JH_ h~
HO_ "~Q '_ J#|_#k ZH_ L#k?
Z_i H#|_ ZO_== ~"#\ #n`~OQ=, P `~OQ=
''^z# _="_ H~@= =`= "==?
F Lù H~}O G 391
|=#O^ H J*#=K Hx# D $+ ~O~h _ 'q^

=`"! O#, WO^*O# H#|_K# P ^~=, O@#
J\H "==< Jx<~ H^! D [Q`x ^~=, $+ q^
~=< Hey LO_, H=O OH|OK` =`" J#= Q=`<~.
W\HC_ WÔ` ''`"... Jx JxOK@O J\^!
N~=_ : F `` *! *# `= qK~} |O K` ''UH`~H=xiH=
J~#\ ~=` ^ J# ux O^K<~ H^! WH JC_ P u "iH D
s~= xz LO@O^? H '^== J#|_ ^xK PHqOK|_ LO@O^? "i@
^== Z\ =iOK@O [~QÒk?
=~H . ''JO` 'xu x~~ Ok. =#^q ^ Jx KC 'xu"Ô
QiOz q JaO K=x "_HO@<#.
N =+=i : F ~=! XH<H ''=xu L#k. P =xu }
[#= H~ ''O^~} Q#, = H [#O H~ ''J=O
=xQ# OH [#O H~ ''D~ OHe Q# JQK#k. P xu
=#< `` A s~= _ xzO_@O, P s~= HH ==~=
H~ QO J=@O [~QÒk. P xu $+ H ~O=. H H#
H ~O" Jk. H#H H~O= O^ ''Wk Jy, nx xu W\k , Wk T~ =#
[eOK# QH! Wk [=, nx ^~= Wq. Wk =# =OK#QH!
J# ~OQ ~|=#O^ H< =$uQ [xOKK#k. J\ D =xu
''=`=z`=H=^$+=H=^===O^=
=`~= ... W`k <=~=` G=K P qH}=# J#iOz
==iOK|_Òk. J\ =xu H |=K`< |^=_ [Q` ==#
Q_~H= i=~# "#~K<_. ^xx J#iOK ~H, ^=`, ^`,
<Q ... "^#"~ HO`= =~ ==` LO_@O [~QÒk.
F ~=! ''| ` O^ [Q` LO> LO_=K. H ''[Q` ^ Jx
K|_=K. Uk U"<, 'xu =Ò Z#\H =~*^. J~`, ''|=,
xu, $+ .... D =_ XH>Qx, "~ "~ H^. `` A nxx W> QOKK<~.
J*# q+O è~ LÔ`< D xuH, ''$+ J< ~ \~. J\ D
$+ Pk=Ô` ~`"# |=#O^ xz#k.
\ H= #O^ Z^~Q L# =#O uaOaOKK#^#H ... J@ P =#O
\ H= H K` =#< HtOk H^! '=` _Hx L# '|=
392
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
~=Q Q '=+ $+ OH_ .... (J`_ '|^=_, ~}Q~_, *u
Jx _ =|_K<_) .... `#O^# xux QOz, ^xH `y#> $+x
X#~K<_. Wk ''xkOK=H H $^ HO = aOK@O =O\^ =!
^ H D ^=#O^ ''Wq K`, Wq H..... W> "~"~ J===
"~"~Q K_|_K<~ H^! |= _ '~}Q~ == Ok,
K` # |OK` D xu "^# ==~ ~o x QOKK#k. `^~, D H#|_Ô `
`##O_ "~H##, "~#@ QOKK#k.
P =xu< '^== Jx_ JO@<=. Jk ~H=O^, ~
==O^ iOz LO\Ok. q^K`# ~=Q ''D~ OH= J#Q P
=xu. ''Wk W@ x~iOK|_@K H# Q}OQ W@ J== U~_#
J# x==< ^ '^==Q =i<~.
'~+H~= (effort) J# O^=, ~H, =$H=, [O`=, =#=,
~uO|= .. WÔ` P xu. J~` P xuH =O ~+ `j`".
~+` j`= =# xu, xu =# ~+ `j`= .... XH^x
=~H\ P^~_ O =~ J> xz LO@<~. =#O`~O D
~O_ UH"`<~. J#Q, Jq ~O_ #=Q |=#O^ He`<~.
J~` ~"! xu ~+H~= .... D ~O_ ~+ `= q^
P^~_, J#iOz LO@<x =~ H\ <#. Wx =@ ^xH? h=
## ''^=-~+H~= QiOz tOK@O, <# K@O. WÔ` _ ~+
`~". ''D ~+ ` ==~= _ xuH q=" Jx h=
`H QOKe.
''XHH_ ^=~}_ '^=" ## #_# Jx `z x+_ LO_@O
_ 'xu H =". xu H x~ O H~O '~+_q K O_QH
Jx J~=O>, JC_ U"< K=#< |kQx, P |k =# [~Q H~Qx, P
H~ =# U~_ [#= Qx [iQ_q H=. JO^K` H~OO #O_,
= =~ [iQ_=h xu=#< [~QK<~. ... Jx xu"^
KCK<~. J== [~Q= # ^xx ~^_ "^# "i |k _
JuHqOKH Ò^x "i JaO.

xu An arrangement of cause and effect.
~+H~= That which results because of efforts.
F Lù H~}O G 393
F ~=! xu H == KCK# 'xu"^ Ja= J>

LO_x=. |k=O`_# "_ ~+H~=# `lOz ''xu JO` K Òk
.... J# xi`=# P~OKO_#QH! ZO^HO\"! xu ~+H~=
~=#< H~# xqOKK#k. P H~ PKiOz#C_ P e`=
a<~. qq^ [#= ~+ `= ^$ gHOK|_O_, ''D~
OH= J#|_ =#K îOz#C_, J^xx ''xu J# ~` =@O
[~QÒk. J@QH $+H [#= ^$ Kz#_ '~+H~= Jx
<~. D~OH= _ `^ ~+H~= ~=< ê r=x
qOk =!

''<# xu< P~#. [~Q=#^^ [~QÒk. x+_< LO\#
Jx xK@O =x" KuH_ ~<"_ kOKQey#^q LO_^. J@x
[#O, Ti@O _ =x"QQ`_? ''~+H~= P~OKO_. JC_
L`= [#O O^Q~ Jx =#O D qÔQ #~^\ OKO@<O.
''`= H f=`# J#iOK [#O LO@Ok J##\ ~^
kOz# q^#=< 'xuQ [# QOK^~QH!

''J ~+H~" =H Jx ZO^ J<e? XH_ ~H~ `lOz, xiH
=kO^ "=# =## x~kOz =Hx O^K<_ H^! JO^K`
~+H~=# H <\ xu"^=< HiOK@O LzÒ Jx HO^~ xu"^
JaO. J~` xiH =kx P~OK@O, "=# x~kOK@O Wq _
~+H~= =< ^_K<~ H^! ~+H~O O_ ZH_<, Z#_<,
Z=iH<, U^< aO^? ^ =! J~` XH<Hx =~=# `=#
=#O K_Q"" Hx, J`x W`~ H~#, "\ eÒQ =~=#O
# [#=# =#O =#~K=. JO^K`< ''W`xH Wk J^$+
H~}OQ OzOk. J`xH Jk ZO` uOz< ^~^$+H~}OQ OK^
W`k "H= O K` 'J^$+= J#|_^xH P~<O. ""xH xt`
^$+` ijeOz Kz#C_, ~+H~O O_ U^< aO^x x~OK@O
J^". JO^K`, Gqkx J#iOz ''~+H~=# J=OaOK@O, J#Q,
`=# P~OK@O J##^ ~=^H=x = JaO. k
aOzO^ .... WH P J\ r=x H~g |OkOK*=. P k H e`" <+~
~=Q "H=. Z=_ '`# H~, P H~ [#= Jf`"#
394
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
^K`#`` = J~=<#, Jx Ò\_ J\ "xx D [#=$`= Qx,
H~JH~ Qx U=Ò x~tOK=x QOK. ''"Hu Jx K|_K#\ J\
JO`~OQ J=Q# u ~=^H"#k =!
J~`, H=O H~ `lOz#O`=ÒK` U XHiH '<+~k (H~~`
u) OK^. =## WK~ÒK#C_ Jk aOk. Jk J\ LOz,
"= ^=^#= (achievement - process of achieving) # Q ijeOz
Kz, ''H~HO> *#" L`="#k Jx _ WH_ XCHO@<O.

D xu .... '*# xu 'J*# xu .... J##\ ~O_ q^=#

==~j`= =# [Q` aOk. ''*# xu O^ ^Y~`"
JOu= [#=QK#k. ^x=# 'Jq^ (Ignorance) <#"=K#k. J\
xuH J#"# ~+`=K '~=Q L`= Qu aOk.
WH J*# xu .... ''Wk W@ K_, eÒQ D ^$=# O|OkOz#
OzH H HH [#= kOKQ= J# ~= Hey LO\Ok. OH
`|= ##iOz P HH [#= X#Q_K<~. J~`
r=x =î OKQe y#k |*# "H>. h\ H ^=`" H ~@=Q, _Q,
|_QQ î`=Q K<~ H^! |" xu~=# HtOKK#k.
|" H ~~= ^H=, ^=, ^#= _ J~=#^x H;
^+Q P`*# QOKK<~.

4. |" WÔ`!
F ~~=! P |`` " ~H=O^, ~^=O^, ~H =O`"
"K#k. JO`H^. ~ PH~= Jk. ~ ~=, ~", ~=
_ J^. P |" P`. Jk ~H=O`=Q@K, ^x WK# J#iOz HxK@
H\ Ò J=Òk. =iHxK@ H\ Ò JQ@^. Hx ~~` PHqOz
L#k. Z^~Q ^~}O LO> h uaO|= H#|_Òk. ^~}O H` ...
uaO|= H#|_^ Hx, uaO|= JH_ =~ iOz L#k H^! LO_
L#k H^! |k L#K@ =# Lk "^# ~=Q H#|_Òk.
P |= uH LÔ^ O`==#, ~[ LÔ^ K#Hx,
`=H L^ [_` =# H\ O KK#k.
+ O^ H@ <~ ÒQ
F Lù H~}O G 395
LO\Ok. Jk ZK@ U ~=# Z@ OHeOKKO_<, JK@ J\ ~=<

J=H LO@Ok. ^xH ZK@ U ~=# L^~O^ JK@ P ~=#<
'q=~= KO^Q^. Jk << ~=Q ==$`=QK, ==~^$+H
qa#=Q JQOKK#k. Hx ~=~^$+H D [Q` `KK#Ô` XH>
J~=#k Hx, "~"~ H^. |" WÔ`. D ''Lk=#|kr=_
D~_ ... "^# ~ |k=O`K HH ==~= H~ HeOK|_~.
WO`=ÒK` PÒ^ Z\ ^= ^. ''h~J#^=^=
H=K~= .... WÔ` <=^ H# H^! JxK@ L#k ["
H^! XH |`` = u=~ "^Hx XH ~Q =~ ~ ~ ` JO`~q`=
=Oz#k. P~}= J<HO H=K. Hx |OQ~O XH> H^! |=, Jk
H\ OKK# =<|ÔH~~=Q 'H XH> Hx "~"~ H^.
D '|kx KK"? Wk ^xx Z@ x~~OKHO\O^, J> ^$+ U~_@O,
J> J#=O H=@O [~QÒk. |k _ |= H H~" H^! D
|k ~=~^$+x O^@O [iy#C_ =~H}O ~~` P`< îOKK#k.
J\ ^~#=K |kO^# ^+=h "`<~. ~ =`=#,
=~#u J#==QK<~. ''u Jx K|_K#k Jk!
|= ~`H"
#k. JO^K` *# ~ ` ===Q< QKiOk.
*#= J*#= .... D ~O_\ H Jk XH suQ H`" LO\Ok. XH H}O
''<# x+OH H``=# Jx QOz#^ LO\Ok. =~H H}O OuH<
ZK@<, Z^x< QOKK#k. Ja+ ~HOQ ~Q^+= < `## `<
u~iOk. J~` ''J\ ^~#=O` ^$" Jx *# kOKK<~.
D z`= Z^xx, Z@ OHeOKÒ^, Z^xO^ ''Jax"O (Desire to
have) O^Ò^, J^xx J> QOKK#k. H#H, '[Q` Q h O KK#Ô`
z`= H K=`~" =! J@ [Q`Q O^@O ''zKH J~=#k H^!
JO^K` |"H> `=. `H#Ô` H L#k.
=i ''<# r=_# J~=<# H^! <HOH Qu Uk? J# <~O ^xH?
Z=iH? |#` `= `lOK|_QH.
F ~=KO^! x^~! J*#= `lOK. P`~_" xtO`_" "eq i=!

396
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
5. |= kf '`
N =+=i : ''~=` ZC_ ''x~=, H=, P#O^ ~=,
PÔ`= xk, q^=, ~Q== (Jx" iOz #k) J~=#k.
Jk UH=O^ Z\ =~K~ O^@O ^. J\ ~=#O^==Q ~=`
#O_ `\H [O "@"^\ ^ H~@= L`#"#@, ^=z``_Q
'|^=_ L`#=Q K<_. ''<# =+$+ ~_# J# z`= H
=" J`x s~=. G=K '~}Q~ _ Jx K |_K# '^= r=`` =
#O_ WH D qQ` [Q` JO` =z_Òk.
N~=_ : =s! |= Jiz#=, Jkf=, HH=, JYO_=
H^! WH D r=x KK~? W`_ iz#_. ''~O_=k H^. <H< 'Wk "~
J##\ kf`=# J#q<_. ''<# iq`_#. P^~_L#"_# J#
=<^Q=# O^K<_.
< O^"q\ q#O_.
J\ |= #O_, JO^ =uiH=# Q}= Q D 'r=x` Z@
|_Òk? H, |= D 'r=` J#|_ iq`#=O Z\ O^@O
[~QÒk? D [Q` ZH_ #O_ L`#=`<~?
D q+O <# QOKH`<#.
N =+=i : J\ |= #O^ 'q^ J~#\ ^ `== JH~}O Q<
HQK#k. ^z# `~OQ= =^[O ~ KK"? J\Q ''<#
=+r=_#. <# =+r=_# J##\ ^z# `~OQ ~H# |=
#O^ HQK<~.
J~`, |= U<_ 'r=_ JQ@^. ''=i = r=_ Hx<_
H^? JO\"? J\ `K@O JqÔ~= K`< =! =\` =#
` ~K=#H .... =\ `# PH~=# Q@ O\O^? J =\H PH~=O@
U^< L#^? =i = PH~O L#k H^? = PH~O =\OK =zOk
H^! J> |= _ ~^ x~=, ~" J~=O_ _, ''r=_ J#|_
XH<H Oz``= `#O^ PkOKO\Ok. Hx |=#O^ ''r=_
JQ@ J# =O ^. D r=_ |" J~=<_ Hx, =iOHq H^.
=i D `^ ZH_ #O_ =< O\"? ''P` ^~ #= J# q+ O
HO` = , J=~ =, JqK~} =Q H~}~ ÒQ PÒ^ U~_K<~.
F Lù H~}O G 397
eÒQ ''qz^H" JÒ` c+}" `KK#k. Hx J^ z^H= *#

=Ò P#O^==, `=, O`=, L^Q~`=Q è=KK#k.
J\ z^H= Lk ~`=, i~=, `== JQ@K`, O_`
_ J^xx ''Wk Jx x~tOKH`<~. P |=< .... ''Ou==Q
~=^= Jx G= x~z<~. J^ ~=`H P^ ~=. F
~=! h=Qx, <#Qx, =~=~Qx U H}= _ J^x #O_ "~# "~=
H^. ^xx Q OK@ *#=. ''Jk "~ , <# "~ . <# J^xx O^= #k
... J##\ u 'u H^ Jx QOK. ''J^x #O_ <# "~ J#
==# [~Oz Jx~Kh"# u OkO_=. ^, J\ `=<
P~OK=.

P |" XH<HC_ Lk` _#^, Oq^`H" (` Entity experience
q` knowing experience) }=# îOKK#k. JC_, ''<# }``=#,
H < }= "#q Jx qOk. J\ == `y, =H aOKO`
=~ P Oq` ''r=_ Jx =|_Òk. H#H r=_ J##k |= H
kf ~=x, '=~H @= (another manifestation) Jx J#=K.
N~=_ : q! |=# <=~= #C_, WH 'r=_ J#|_
kf~"q\?
N =+=i : x[". J~`, 'r=_ Jx =#O # ``=# =Ò
<=~= ZH_ L<~? r=_ *``" Hx HK` H^H^! WH
<=~^ PkOK@O, îOK@O = `H=Q J=Q# =#< U~_K<~.
|= Z@ "# JO^x^ Jx~Kh"#^, D r=x q+= _
J\^. D r=_ _ " JO^x"_, Jx~Kh_. ""xH D r=#,
|=# ^ O =\ H# =`" . J~` JOu` xO_ # D [# J=Q##
Kz#C_ `^+=Q = $Ô P~`` xO_Òk. JO^K`< ''Wk
`= Wk = Jx kOK@ LHq<O. JO^ J#=Q ''r=_
''|k ''=# ''<# ''h= ''[Q` J# ^*O Ly<O. ''D r=_
~=Q |"<_. H#H ~O^=#, q"^=#, `=#
`lOz xtO` ~ == =Oz LO_O_. Jx x~ < O. e ÒQ J<H= Ok
qK~}~ qK~}q=~q=# =#~OKHx, `j~
~#O^=QK<~. WÔ` |=H K=`~=, H< K`~"
Hx =iOHq H^.
398
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
z^H~=Q ~|=# JOMH=, J#"`H= JQ [Q`
uaOa<~. J~` Uk uaOaOz<, uaOaOKH ~< ^~}= =~
K~ q LO\~? Uq LO_= H^! J> z^` q+ O _! "= i OK#C_
=Ô OÒQ LO@Ok. "= i Oz#C_ .... [=O` J<H `~O Q`
H" LO@Ok. Hx =^[O '[OQ< LÒ^ LO\Ok.
x[O " |_ QH~~= .... z`K OK= Hey#C_, =<=$` `
_# r=`< 'r=_ Jx JO@<O. x~=Q | ==#O^ }O^=
J^~`" # C_.... [O HxOK O_ `~O QO Hx # @ ..... |OQ~O `K O_
P~}" `K#@ ..... P |==#O^ Q ''x+`= HxOKO_ L#k.
JC_ iz<#= O` _# 'JO=O H ~} U~_Òk. J\ ~}
r=_Q x~zOK|_Òk.
xC '"_ L#@, =OK 'K^#= LO@#@ .... |= #O^ KOK
~=Q r=== _, =H aOK#O`=~, LO_ LO\Ok.
z^=Q P P```=#O^ ==OK` HQ iz#`" D r=_.
|= H 'iz#`= H r=== "^#Ô` ^$_=Q "<|O
K` H=OQ JO= ~=# k^H#K#k.

F ~=KO^! J@ PHO" K_. JH_ h 'he~OQ H#|_Òk H^! P

=~= ZH_ L#k? J L#^? ^. J~## HxOKK#k. D JO==
r=xO^ ''WH_ W@ L#k Jx QiOK@ gQ aOK@O ^. Hx, J#=O
J=Òk. P`^~#O HH~#\ H~}OK` 'z`K`#= `##`# JO==K
kOK|_#^x= QOKK#k. D r=_ ~OH O~=K k`_,
J\ J^=# 'JO== J# J#=O O^K<_. P JO="
OH|O K` iz#" ''^= H= ^= "^# ""=
#QK#k. D ^k PH~=# ^K#k. "O^== iOKK.
''OHeOK@O J# =OK` ''z`=, r=_, =#, = H$u J<
~` ~#|_Òk. OH`H"#\ D z`" '~}Q~_ JQK#k. J^
OH|OK` OK`=#, "\ ==#\ OK`<`# HeOKK#k.
KK", ~=! D qÔQ P |= K`<`H=Q ''~= #O_ KuOk
[_=Q OK`<`Q =~K#k.
F Lù H~}O G 399
OK`= OK `<`
PH`` = #O_ |`` =
"`` = #O_ ~`` =
`*`` = #O_ ~`` =
[`` = #O_ ~`` =
`` = #O_ QO^`` =
''OK`<`== (|~~~QO^ =# H O~=) Ok#\
W`~ ^ z`= PHOx #HÒQ `[H}OQ =~K#k. c[=,
JOiOk KK"? h~ Q_H\ P ~=# O^K#@ P `[H}=,
`#O^ |= HtOKKO_Q, JO_` = O^Òk. 'k=^ H# P~Oz
k= ^=# O^K#k. JO= #"# ^~=O^ JO==#
O^Òk. WH P H=x\ O^ OKiOk. Hx\ O^ =~ ==#,
=iHx\ O^ [OQ===#, WOHx\ O^ MK~ ` =# (PH OK~ =##)
OH==K` O^K#k.

$+H ~O ''OK`<` OH= #O_ L^~Oz#\ r=^" H=OQ
|^=x ^=# O^K<_. J@ Ok, =+r===K J`_ D [Q`#
xiOKK<_. O= J~# =+ $ #q, ==OK` `# OHeOz
îOK^xx `< ''P! Wk ZH_#O_ L`#"#k H^ Jx q<_. J>
J#=O _ O^K<_. J~#\H, J`_ z`=_ J~=<_ H^!
JO^K` Jx\H H~}=, #= J~=#\ |==# `lOz"@O ^
=! J@ `lOKO_< '[Q` H~}"# H~# xiOKK<_. [= `#
[=O `lOK O_< `#O^ ''`~O Q= J#|_ PH~ qH~=# H\ Ok
H^! 'z` #O_ qHOQ< 'z`= L^~OK K#k. `~OQ= "~# H
~ <== Hey#\H, qKiOz Kz#C_, Ku` $tOz#C_
[OQ< JQK#k H^! J> [Q`~}=Q H~ '[=x #~Q H `=
=`H= Q< LO_ LO@<~. ZO^HO\"? ""xH 'z` J##k D
[Q` K` Qx, [#K` Qx, H~K`Qx, =iOH^x K`<<Qx, '|^=
JQ#k H^. J~#\H, =K ''<# iq`K~} ~_# J# ^$=#
=Ò O^Òk. D r=_ ~ ^ z`~_ =! J> =+~ _Q ~}Q~ _
_!

400
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
XH_ `# JO`~OQ=#, H =# #O^ OHeOz, J\ OH# ~OQ<
D [Q`# î<_. J#Q, OH= L^~OK\xH =O^ =# L#k.
=# L^~OK\xH =O^ 'r=_ L<_. "@"^@ J`_ x+_<_.
P `~"` OHeOz H~# X#~K<_. XH q`#= ''JO~= "K@
J# H;==# L`#" iy, H=OQ ''PHO_=Y=
+= .... "^# ~=Q =~KO_@ KK= H^!
J> ~}Q~xO^ WO`=O^ 'OH= ~=# LO_# r= W@
<<~=Q H= <O^K<~. J^ ==# ''D r= ~H=
`= X#iOz# H~ # J#iOz, `^# Q}=# s~=# WO^ O^K<~
J##k _ WH_ `H" JQK#k. P `~"` "~ [##=~} H~}=Q
`= H~# J#iOz ~#~H^# O^K<~. J~` ''H~ J##k _
z` O^" Hx "~ q H^. J\ z` O^" H OHK=`~" ''^= =z`= H~
=J= ..... _ J~=#k.
K@#O_ H L`#=QK#@ PkH~}=Q 'zÒ^= #O_
D [Q` =~=~ L^q<~. =~ =~ ~<~. [Q`~_Q
P`Q"#_ =Ò xtO`_ ^`ÔQ LO_ LO@<_.

6. =# r=_ |=
N =+=i : P ~=H~}=Q |= #O_ "@"^@ '=# L^~Ok.
H#H u J#==# =# == =<=" =! D ^$^~=
==u JO` =#< P~OKHx L#k. J~`, D '=# _ H~}=
J~#\ '~|= HO> "~#k U=Ò H^.
D =# `~OQ== 'J@W@ =~` `# P~# = *=
=~K~# `#O^, J#=~OQ O^` LO\Ok. OKO L#
^=h =#K HeOK|_K#q =`" =! D =# <#"` WH D
''Y^YJkHJ .... ^== `y`~. JC_ P ''^= XH\
=`" u+OK|_Q^. =# "` P` XH> +Ok. WH .... ''=+
~r=_Q ~}Q~_ (|)r=_=#=H~[Q` "^#
^= `Q`~. D H#|_Ô` JC_ ''P`*#= J# [=` _#
z`=^" "K#k.
F Lù H~}O G 401
D ''[Q` z`= .... J##q XH<HC_ LO@<~. =~HC_ xq

JQK<~. J#Q, ''Jq Jx`= Jx J#H `^ H^! JO^K` Jq ''J`
Jx K|_K<~. XH J*#H D ''[Q` z`= J#|_#q Oz` ^$+
=# `== uOKK<~. "i@< Jq ` Hey LO@<~.
^^`H=
==~^$+` Kz#C_ _ D [Q` ''^^`H= (L#k^) Jx
è=Ok. Z\O\"? q#. XH =# ''Wk L#k J# qÔQ OHeOK
K#C_ Jk J> LO\Ok. Ok _. ''ZH_ L#k? ^ H^? Jx
`z#C_ D [Q` H Òk. JO^K`< ^ nxx ''^^`H= Jx
K=`~OQ <~.
Uk U"#\H ~=iH^$+O^ ''z`=, ''[Q` ... D ~O_ _
=x J#=OQ JmH= (uaO|=`=) =`". WO^
O^=O@ Un ^. *#=K D z`= OiOK|_#O` =~ D '[Q`
H J#=O `=Q< Òk. ZC_` z`=#O^ L`=*#=
*Q$`=Ò^ .... WH P H}= #O_ D [Q`, WOê ^~= J#=O ....
WÔ` ''q^ Q< è=KK#k. JO^K`< 'z`= D [Q` # QOK@O J##k
XHqÔQ `=, =~H qÔQ J`= _ J~LO\Ok.
F ~=KO^! JO`\ H H~}O =##! =# =~O Q D O~ =#
QOKK#k.
OuK qKe`_# @i pH\ HOK= ^~= Q HO_~~x
Kz ''Wk ~=$Q", H~ÔQ H^ H^? Jx O _`_ KK"?
J\Q P`*##"# P =# ~=Ò^ q^ =`=Q D [Q`#
QOKK#k. J*#_ pH\H Kz ''JkQ, JH_ |z L#k. Jk =z <
_^ H^? Jx Q[Q[ =}K<_#H .... JO^ H~}"q\ KC? `#
z`=#O^ Hey# =# H~}"#\ P '|z J#|_#k JH_ "=OQ
L#^, ^ =QOQ qKiOKH=@ H~}O Jx = JxOKK#k.
P! P`== #O_ 'Ku <Ok#\ D z`= =~ `# LxH #" L#\ P`
`` =# qKiOKH LO\Ok. J@ qKiOK#O`HO, ''[Q` [#H+=
Y=JnW`~ ... J##\ =# O^`< LO@Ok.
P` J=H=, ~Ou ~= J~=#k. J\ P`H ''$[<K #O_
z`= [xOk. ^, P $[<K (desire to project)< 'z`= Jx <O.
402
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
$[<K z`= r=`= JOH~=
''q+`<`
JOH~= (| ~~~ QO^= WOk= ^ =
O|OkOz# P"=)
^ = H"= ~ #~H= |O^ "H=

P`~_ J~=O_ _ `## `< =~z LO@# r=_ JO` O_
J<H ^~O~, "\ #O_ ~ #~H=, |O^"H= J#==`<~.
c[O #O_ =$HO =$HO #O_ c[O JOÒ_ =#@, [# #O_ H~,
H~ #O_ [# .... D qÔQ XH<H ~O~ JO` O_ yÒk.
J~` ~=! Uk Z\Q< H=K QH! P` ~^ x+OH". Jk [xOK@
^. ^xH ^= =. [##=~}= =. D [#, =~}^, J#Q,
.... ''WC_ <# rq<#. =~HC_ rqOK# .... "^#Ô` =#
J#qOk. XH Qk "QK# n HOu XH _ K^=H#K<_#H
... P K^=|_K# q+=#, n=# O|OÔ ^H^! n "Q x^
J`_ K^ =Q_? ^ . P`_, x+", ~ =# H , ~ =# H~}",
JH~ J~ LO\Ok. W@ P` Z#_ `# K`# H=@^. D ^=#
'H~ HO_ "~ ''` ^. JO^K` H~ z`=. z`" JO= =x`=Q
D r=x ~=. z`= HO_ r=# "~ ~"q L#k? P r=_ |=.
|" ^K ` # ^$+ P``` =Q, =#<^ ^~ 'r=_Q ==~ <==
O^K#^x QOK |_QH!

7. ^$a+
N =+=i : F ~=KO^! XH nO #O_ Hk n= "eyOK =K H^!
XH ~=` D <<q^~=Q "QO^K<_. J~`, qK~~H"#
^$+H =`" |= H ^~~O QKiOK@O [~QÒk.
F [#~! q~ '~=`*#= O^\xH O^ HO_. ~=` *#=
aOz#C_, ''D z`=H r=H#, ^$OQ=, `èÒQ # |O^=
F Lù H~}O G 403
.... WÔ` q^H^#" Jx ^_Q^. JC_ `^"#\ '"H=

H J#= O O KK#k. J#Q, ''= H="=Oz`=<~ =
=L^Q= .... "^# He` ^+= `y`<~.
z`" ''<# r=_# J# ~=Q r==O `# PkOKHO\O^x
qK~} K|_QH! qK~} K#O`=ÒK` D z`=, ^xK P~OK|_,
J#q OK|_K# D ^$O K= `=O`@`" =Q `y`~. ` "^
Ziy# `~"` J`=# îOK K#\ =#, L^Q U=`<~? D
z`=OK= q+O _ JO`. WH WO`=Ò ÒK, qK~}j~
JQ@ ÔHO>, J\"ix Z=~ ~HOKQ~? =~_ `# O HQK
uOK"x "H= ~=#, "=#, QOK#@, J*x ~=`
J*#=# PkOKK<_. J*#" OK= ~=# JQOKK#k. J*#
^$+< ''O~= Jx JO@<O.

F ~~=! =~=~ KCK<#. OuH <# z`" D

[##=~}=#, =#"~H=#, ~#~H=# QOKK #$Ò
KOk. ~#O K# "xH <HO H ~@=, =$`= , H =, ~=
Hx LO\~ KK"? J*#=` _# z`= D r=xK JOMH=#
|O_=# uHO KOk. ''uq~~Q= J# ^+=` _# H H"xH
PHO W^~ KO^ Hx~. 'z`~Q=K _O|_K# D r=_ _
~=Ò^ ^ Òux QOKK<_. #=O^ qOy#"_ =~=#\
=$H QeH z #$Ò K#@ K<_. z`q"`_# D r=_ _
x=Q PÒ^ O~=# QOKK<_. _ QO_OQ uiQ OÒ
ZH .... ''J! KK~? D W, <, K~=, HO_ ... Jh QO_=Q
u~QK<~ H^ Jx HH "#@, z`=H J#H} i=~#= =#< D
D ^$=h W@ JÒ` J<H`=` _Hx zù zÒQ JQ<~.
z`= ^ Òu Ok#C_ =`" D ^ `= JO` HQÒk. ^ `#u
#t JC_ ^ ` OK= #tOz=K#k. ''J#Q, x^ JQK#k. XH
~=== =`" u+O|_K#k.

H> `y` xC P~HO KOk? ''P` `` qK~} K`, `^#"#

JOK` D ''q+^~#= J< Jy `yÒk. JC_ z`=_
404
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
`yÒk. ''WÔ`, P`. g~O` P` ~ Jx z`= # J OK e.
z`= HO> "~Q WOk q+= Qx, =iOHk Qx =. JO^K`, F
[#~! P`q+" *#=#, J*#=# "~~KQ H q+=#
JOKO_. z`= H ''q+=# îOK@O P~OK@O J<
^~ #=# O KO_. J\ JOK` r=_ ''Wk <#. Wk <# H^
J# ~=Q L`=*#O O^Q_. JC_ H~# PKiOKK##, H `lOK
K## .... J`_ ''=_ Jx K|_K<_.
=`! ~"! HkQ H`y` HOK= H HQÒk. JC_ |k HO`
KOK=Òk. J^ H#H JkHOQ `y`? =` iQ Hey =x+ 'x+`_
J=`_ H^! K`#= O~OQ HtOz#C_ WH, q+= ^~#" LO_^.
HO` K`#^$+, HO` [_`^$+ U~_ L#C_ =`" D r=_ q+#Y_
=i<_. 'xiH =k O^ K`#= H H= J`kHOQ LO@Ok.
''# K`# ~H u H ''OK~` ` ''~=^= Jx K|_Òk.
~ H# ~Oz#\ - k Ok#\ z`" q+ ~ Ò J=QQÒk. ^$=O`
~OQ PkOKu ''xiHu!

D z`= =#, ^K ` # = K` == ('<# J#q OKK<# J# ==)

O^K#k. J#Q, ''<# H~# . <# ^+# J# = # ` == J#q OKK#k.
J~`, QeH 'O^= HO> "~# ` #@Q, D z`=# ''q+#Y`=
HO> "~# '` ^. "_ `y` xC Pi=#@, WOk q+= `yQ!
'z`=# WH PH~=O@ HxOK^. ^K`#= J#qOK q+=` ''^
K`= (H) ^ ^~#= Jx K|_K<~.
JC_H K`#= K`#~[Q`# K`# =ÒQ Pk# ^QK#k.

8. ~=`# Z~Q@ LO
'`_ #O^ 'Wk= J# Ou U qÔQ HQÒ^, J^ qÔQ Jq^
H~}O K` U~_K# qÔu ^K ` # = #O^ q+ = = #= =#
H~}=QK#k. D O~ "kH 'P`*#O XH> ~~# B+Ô. J~` z`=
q+=O^ "=Mx (PHiOK|_H=@O) JOz#C_ =`"
JO`~OQ=#O^ P`*#O ~O J=Òk. JO^ "~ WOH LO ^.
F Lù H~}O G 405
F ~=! Z=_` ^~#=#, JO`~=# L# "## i`l_ ...

J`xH WH_ WC_ =H aOz#>! "#O_@" |OÔ. "< `Q~H"#
` =#" =H. ^~*#O Hey# `~"` ~A= @ ~Ou `QH UO
KOk?

P`*#O aOKQ< ~ =~=# O~Ou JO` `yQ^. q+

"# i`lOK" .... "H= xOQ aOKQ^x =~ Q~ K<#.
^$ q+= @ PH, #=H=, =~`=, Ja+ èy` "# [~O
|_#> H|\ F ~uH=! ~=KO^! h= PH~`_" "u`=#
H~# O` ==` x~iOK=. WO^ H+"q LO_=# x^.
J<H=Ok `= H~H# ==HO, }=< ~, `$}OQ `lOz"@O
=#O OKO K< L<O. =i H=O ''Ja+# `lOz#O` =ÒK`
L`~H"#\ "H= a#C_, JO^ "#H_=# J=~"=#k
KC? h= H#H "Oz`=x\h (Wk W@ ZO^ L#k? Jk <#O_ `QQH
.... W@=O\ Jax"=#) i`lOz xiH~_" LO_Hey` D xq+O<
H$`~_= J=`=. Kux O_Q, Z^~Q Q ~Ò Q ~=``` =#,
WC_, WH_, `HOQ O^QQ`=. ^$H `QQ, =$u~`_" L#C_
WH hH U ~= +O^ Jk ~=` H ~O. JO`Hx, P
~=` #OH, ~O ZC_ Z#_ U^ x~iOKQ ZH_#O_ =z_k
H< H^ =!
`~OQ= ~O HxOKÔ` XH =^[= H^! ~=` J*#
'[Q` ~=# uOKK<_. *#H ... [Q` ~OQ J#xÒQ
J#`=QK#k. D^$=# P`Q Z~Q@K`< "HO aOk. Z~Q#O`
HO D O~|OÔ LO_ f~Òk.

406
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
V. H~\
1. D r=_=_? ZO^ L^q<_?
N~=_: =s! ''z`= J# Lk` _Hx# D 'r=_ J#"xH, P
''~=` Q O|OÔ Uq\? J D r=_ Z=_? W`_ ~=`#O_
L^qOK_? ZC_ U H~}OK` L^q<_? H WOHH_#OK =K_?
D q+" =iHO` q=iOz KO_.
N=+ =i : ^Q q#. KCK<#.
`Q ''^=x~=x`=JYO_= J~#\ |= XHHC_
XHHK@ Jq^` _Hx LO\Ok. J@ Jq^` _Hx L#C_... Jk U
q^"# H` _Hx H\ Ò JQK#^, `## `# P ~=Q< =#,
J=Q#, ^~#=# Hey LO\Ok. J\ ^~#=< 'O~= Jx JO@<O.
J\ '^$+ H 'O=# H ~= |O^ "H=. JO`Qx, D
|O^"H= J<q uH"# [# H~ O|OkOz#q H=. JYO_ K`#"
~=Q Q D '^+ H J=Q## J#iOK |O^"H= LO@<~.
|=#O^ J<kHOQ H\ `=`# 'K`#H x ''r=_ Jx JO@<O.
zKH (The manifestation of knowing) XH<HC_ OH ~=#, z` O~=
# J=OaOz LO\Ok. W@ =## `#O`@ `< OHeOKHx ''^ `=#
# ^$_OQ O^Òk. ^x eÒQ ''<# r=_#.... <# @K<#.... <#
KKK<#.... J# ~=Q [##=~}k ==h O^Òk.
N~=_ : =x! g~ K^xx |\ ''L`"`="#\ 'zKH
==OK` 'r=_ JQK#k. [## =~}k == O^K#k.... Jx
< J~O J=Òk. J~` r=_ zKH J~ LO_, WÔ` ==O K`<
[iy`#C_ WH ''Wk ^==, Wk H~, Wk |^rq, Wk "Hrq, Wk H~}=
Jx K@O J~O U=#k?
N=+ =i : PH= #O^ "= LO\Ok. P "= XHC_ JkH"#
O^# H~}OQ "QOQ OKiOk. =~HC_ J"# O^#=K HêH H
LO\Ok. W@ O^JO^= (Vibration - Non vibration) HeyO@# "=#
F Lù H~}O G 407
=#O ~J~# J#iOz Qi<O. J~` PH= J<k Jx~KhO.

Jk H (By Relativity / In relation to certain Presumptions & Assumptions) K` =`"
=#O QOKQQK<O. Jk x~H~=_!
P`H=#Oê 'r= K` # = #O^ '=#K @ J# " OK#==O\
=`` = H\ `=QK#k. J\ =# (H) H# H O^JO^=
''D [Q` LO_@O O_ =@O J# ~=Q $+ =Q
U~_K<~. WH D r=xH "= `` xH =, Jk PH== Jx~Kh=.
J~#\H Jk ~^ "#k. x`#="#k. D r=_ ""xH
PH~~`_. ^=# PH~O L#k. ^H PH~O Uk ?
D [QÒ` K`#" =! K`#= HH D [Q` "~ ` ^. P K`#=
`# ~*Q}O#"# `~}O `^#Q}"# Lkx P~#C_ D $+
O~O=O` U~_Òk. `# ~*Q}=# LqO*#C_ `#O^ `<
O`" "K#k. ''Jx~KhO, q+HO J~#\ J*#= H~}OQ, P
K`#= `#H ''z^== #, "#^x= 'Wk < z`= Jx `KK#k.
J@ `K@# GH~ ''z` O^= J< ~ \~.
J\ z` O^" D ''[Q`
JO^" (O^~`") ''|=
P z` O^= H "~"~ J= W=|_# OHuH <== (Jargons)
D ''r=_^==H~ "^#q. D r=_, D s~=# H~}"#\ H~,
P H~ [#"#\ ^==.... W=h [`~OQ== |= H
O^=. H|\, ''J#u ~=Q K`#" z` O^= Jx `K#k.
^xH r=_, O$u, H~}=.... W@ qq^ G= PK@ K@O [iyOk.

K`#= `# `#Q Jq^# P~Oz, P JqÔ^ uaOaOKK#k.
J\ uaO|Ò ''^ `= ('~k"~#k J# =#) H~}" D ^^
J#=O O^Òk. J#Q K`#O q+H"#\ J*#O =# D H#|_K#
<<q^=# ~=# îOz $+Q H#|_K#k. WÔ` OH#~"
J#= =QK#k. r=K` # = `#H ''WK Ja+ H~}OQ <<q^= #
#O^ ''"= x+=}=# JqOÒQ KO@ Òk. J~`
~` ~^ ^`Ô =!

408
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
D qÔQ K`#= <<q^=# [# H #O^ ZO^ OKiOk?
JqK~}, J*#=, WOk= O|OkOz# ^$`^` = JO^ H~}=
QK<~. Uk U"` UO? K`#= H JO D r=_.
J\ ^$H` _# K`<O=# ''iq` ^+ Jx JO@<O. JÔ =~H
" uiy LO_@K ^$= uaOaOK^ H^! K`<O= #= ^$+ Hey
O_@K Jk `#H "= ~=# O|OkOz# 'Z~H (H) '^$+ x
U=~KK#k. P K`<O" =~Hi 'P` (H) 'x~ ` H ~#==#
P~Oz LO\Ok. J#Q Jk ~ [Q` q+= Jf``= OìOKO\Ok.
J\ u ''L`= *# u , ''O*u`=, ''=H "^Q ~` K |_Òk.
J\ Z~H u O^k Z\?
'<# ^$=# O|OkOz#"_# H#. D ^$= < O|OkOz#k
H^. x+OH=, x~=, ~`H= J~#\ ^` ` =< <# J##\ '=##=
^$__@K`< J\ *<~` aOk. ''Uk `<, J^ `k`~ (`` `" J
-") J# O=#K P *#= ~=QK#k.
D K`#= U LkO^ '^$+ LOKK#^, Jk P ^$+H OOkOz#
PH$u< O^K#k. `#H ''OH=PH Ja+# J#iOz H; `=
` UH`= O^K#k. `$s~=#O_ 'H= ~=# "=_ P
Ja+` ^=# XH ^x"#H =~H\ O^`< Òk. J\ u s~=
Ok#\ H #= O^ (Time and place) Hx J#==# O^Òk.
=~ P J#==*#=# J#iOz |O^", ~", "H" O^K#k.
Uk U"#\H, P LÔ^ OKi# D ''K`<O= `#H
''~=#O^ qiOz LO_@ J# ~=# U=Ò UH}O _ `lOK@
^. Hx, WH_ H=O =~K@qOK@... =Ò [~QÒk. J<H G=,
J<H =H J<H s`Q KCK#Ô` JOu=~O ^$ K ''D r=xH
W`x ~=`~"#\ ~`H`=# Q~ K@ Jx = JaO.

D ~r=x "=``=Q K`#= ~^ XH\Q< L#k. ^xO^

U H}=#O^_ J<H`=# `" ^. Hx H=O a#a# L^` a#a#
q^=Q `##`# OîOKO\Ok. ''W`_ Ò_, W`_ =~_. W`_
q`_. g~O` `k`~... W`k ==~=O` H=O LkH O|OkOz#^.
OH$`=Q =<He`"! =~= ~^ XH> J~#\H, ''LOQ~O QA
F Lù H~}O G 409
HOH}= =O\ PH$`# Ok a#= J~#@ JQ_K#k H^! K`#=

~^ XH>! Jk Jkf=! J~#\H "~"~ =~[OQ= s~=# îOz
a#=, YO_= J~#@ XH<H qz`"# =#=O `#`#Q HeOKx
O^Òk. D s~= L^#H~}O OK`=H^! OK`=
L`#=, ~H~H=# "#=, <<` J#=O, *#J*#=.... W=h
[= U~_ `~OQ= U~_K<~. ''H~@=O` [O Q zO`
xtO` P x`` z^=#O^ ^$OQ U~_K<~. ''^= x`=
J#O`= J# == Hey#\ P z^=, ''<# [xOKK<#. =~}OK
K<#.... "^Q O`h O^Òk. O 'H*i __O q^
J~#\H P =O ^$_"# `==< JQOKK#k H^! ''<#<k
"^# O`` _# D z`=..... q^ =`= J~ L#...... D [##
=~}=# J#qOKK#k.
=}_ J# XH =~A XH QO@ =O J<H O=`~=Q qiOz
# n~" # KO_x rqÒ KqK__O =#O D H~ } O Q=xOK=K<O.
'Jq^ K "= KOk#\ D z`= `#H Jk#"# PÒ^
''[Q^ $= J#|_ =# QOKK#k. O` =Ô `~OQ z#@,
Ou==Q ''z^H= #O^ $+" L#Y"# 'z` L^~Ok.

F ~=KO^! W [Q`Q QOK|_K#Ô` '=<qH~= =`" =!

L= ` _# =<`~O Q= =##~= î Oz, P` "~ # ^x= =iOK
@ D O~K=`~O. J~`, =# XH<HC_ L^kO|_#^ ''`
O^ ~OzÒk. J#Q Jk ~== ^$ 'P` JQK#k.
''z` J# [=` _# ''|Q~= #O^ D H#|_K# J<H r=O`
'_ =O\"~. D ^$=#O^ #K# z`= ^xO^ H~@=
=O\q. WH_ HxOK ~=#~H= "^Q#=h h\ |_Q=O\q. WH_
K=`~"q@O>... ''ijeOz K_@O [iy`, U^` `Q, (^, L`="#
"= ^$+K ` )
< ^...... J\^ WÔ`! J~`, WÔ` _ ''x~+ " # ` =?
J#@Q =Ok. J\ ~=Q J#==< ''= Jx JO@<O.
=i D = èQk Z\?
~|=# QOK@O XH> D =# KkOK@ LO. ~|=
H =H= JzO`=, =HÒ _. J\ ^ ~|=#O^ '=
410
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
H q[$O}= qHOQ< XHK@ H h_= U~_Òk. J\ q[$O}"
XH" r=_ (H ^+) H ~=Q#, =~H" [Q` (H ^$=) ~=Q#
XH =O H\ Ò J=Òk.
""xH *# ^$+ D r=_, OH`H=Q D =#, D |k,
z`=, JOH~=, = W=h _ z` H qq^ <== J~L<~.
JO`\H H~}O =#. =# =Q `#O^ | ~~~ QO^= #
(OK`<`#) HeOKHx 'q^ J~#\ [Q`# `== qiOKOk.
=#H D [Q^~#O XH_ `# O P ==# KK@=O\k.
x*xH ^=x`= J~#\ P` ~^ O`==#< "K#k. ~=~
^$+` K... Jk ^xh QOK@ ^. J@ J~=O__, ==iHOQ
Kz#C_ D P` 'z`= J#|_ XH<H ==# P~Oz, `èÒQ
=# J#qOk.
1. '*Q$` J= (*Q$` '<#) : D z`= XH =O WOk=
^~ `=# O^K#k. nx< ''O$`=Q@ (H) O$u Jx QGO
KCK#k. J\ P`H ux ''*Q^= Jx JO@<O.
2. = (O '<#) : =~HC_ W^ z`= JO==` _Hx
$^HO~=^ Ô OKiOk. Jk ''= J#|_K#k.
3. + (+ '<#) : D z`" WOHHC_ '' $u J#|_ Q\
"#h ^z" =<=# J#q#k. ^xx ''+ Jx JO@<O.
4. `su (< *Q$`+[Q`) : =_ J=# _
^\ Jk `# H z`~=# "K#k. JC_ P u O^ `##`<
~~`, ~=#O^ KKK#k. D ~= `#O^ L#@ QOKK#k.
''*Q$` <# O <# + <# J# ^~#=# JkQqOz ''<
*Q` + J# ~OQ OîOk. J\ ^~#" '`s= Jx =
|_Òk. D u '^$H ^$= J# ~O_O\x JkQqOz#\k =! P
'`s^= H '~=^= JÒ`^=, <`=, x~==, O`=,
JYO_#O^^= J~ L#k. J^xx O^_O [iy#C_ D ^Y=, H=
=OQ q#+"`<~.

F ~"! XHxH q^^$+ H~}OQ x~HO =`= L#@ Jx,
WO`< =@=O JQK#@ `K` LO@Ok KK"? J^qÔQ P
F Lù H~}O G 411
~=^=O^ (H) ~=Ò^ |O_= HtOK@O, WO`< qb#"

=@O, ^+H q^^$+K` H#=KK<~. =K` x~HO HxOK
=`= "= "# '` ZH_L#k? U =O_ q^ J~#\ =`=
x~HO P^~=x J#O H^! JÔ` KK"x ^$+" J~#@, D
O_= _ '` ^. Wq |=#O^ Jk+`" LO_O_<^. Hx,
J*# ^$+K D ^$ |O_= P` "~#@ gHO|_K<~.
XH _ `# `< HeOKHx# 'H# H~}OQ PHO U^ ^ =$HO
L#@ K LO\_. J\ = `H" # =$H= # ''PH=$HO JO\~. ''P =$H= #
LùQx, LxHQx, =$kQx, q<=Qx O^@ PH= H~}= Jx J#
Q=? ^. ZO^HO> JÔ` Kz# J*#x =Hx, J PHO
=$HO Z\ LO@Ok?
x+=Q |= ^xH H~}O H^.

2. [Q` H~}O |=?

N~=_: J~` =s! ''=K q[$OaOKK# D [Q` =H~}O |".
~=# H~ |" Jx H=#O^ ==iOK|_Òk H^!
N=+=i : J=#. J\ Hsu L#=@ x[", Hx J\"H= ^H~
=`" K|_Òk. ''D '[Q` J#|_#k ^ J##\ `=# O|OkOz#
^$_xO U~_ =~H P "H K`~.
WH_ h =~H ^$OÒ K `#. q#. XH ^~ }O Z^~Q L# =* O,
P == HêH uaOaOK`~H^! P ^~}O `#O^ Z\ WK^+=,
J=, ~Qq~Q= O_< `#O^ KÒk. J#Q, ''<#
D ==<` K`#. "\x K#. ZO^HO>, Jq < W+O H^....
J##k P J^=# LO_^. JO^K`, P H H H~ $`=# ^~}=#
PkOKO. g`x^#= =Ò K` ^$= J^= #O^ uaOaOk.
JO`=Ò K` P uaOa#k J^=x Q=x _ J#O H^! J\Q,
g`x^#O H~}OQ D '[Q` J#|_#k HtOK|_@K ''D [Q`
H~}O P`K` # = Jx K |_Òk. J^" H ` uaO|" LO_#@, P`K` # "
O> '[Q` J# J#=O ZH_k? Z=iH?... Hx, D [Q` P`H XH s~
Q=x J#\xH _ g ^.
412
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
XH c[= #O_ JO~=, P, = L`#=Q#@, 'z` #O_
z`= r==#.... JO` HQK<~. =O $+~`"
'^ z` +Ok. #O`~O =~ ''$+ PH~=# q=~=<O^K#k.
JO~H =#OQ xîOz# c[OOz =$HO Q.... =~ P =$HO Oz c[=Q
L`#=Q@ ^? Wk _ J\^.
c[O LO_LO@# ''=$H=# [xO*Q H =i |=#O^
LO_ L#\ ''[Q`# [xO*Q H.... D ~O_ XH ~HOQ =#=#".
J~` P ~O_O\=^ XH ^= QKiOk. 'c[= HO> "~Q '=$H= J#|_#k
Ok H^! Hx |=# O|OkOz# *#= L^~Oz# `~"` ''|=
HO> "~Q q= ^ J#|_ ^ U~_K#k. c[==$H=, |=
[Q` J# ^$O`= L# `_ WO`.

nO Ht LO_Q, P n HOu == H#|_`~. Hx ''P n"

D ==# = KK#k Jx J#Q=? J#=. ZO^HO>, ''D ==#
W`xH Ke. Wq W`xH K_^ J##\ WK P n=#O^ ^H^! J~`
n" O> K_<"! |= H =HO D [<^, "==
LO@<~, O_ `<~ _. J~` ''g\H |= H~}= Jx J#O.
Hx, |" O> WH D [Q`, [#=$`=, "^#=h O^^=~? H|\,
|= L#k H|> [Q^ =~=, `k`~= LO@<~.
qx ZH_ `=@O [iy`.... JH_ PHO LO_< LO_ LO@Ok H^!
qKiOz K.... ~~` ''UH=Jkf= JQ K`#" QKiOKQ^.
XH "_ XH JÔ<, H \ H tYO_O< uaOa# PHOx
KO^x Kz ''W`_ "= KO^_. W`xx =#O @HQO Jx J#O@O\_
KK"? Jq^"`# "~ =`" |=#O^ '[Q`# QOKK<~.
\ HtYO_O \ H ^~" L#k Qx KO^_ "^#q L<? [O
#q~A KO^_ Hx<_#H.... [O [" L#kHx KO^_ ZH_?
J^= 'QA`Q~= J# ~O_ ^~= Hx, JO^ KO^_PHO ZH_
LO\~? 'J~}O J^= uaOa#C_, P JÔ =$Q=, HêH
HxOz#O` =ÒK` J=h JÔ U~_K<x J#Q=? |=_
'OK= = uOk. |=#O^ [Q`Q uOKÔ` |"
J~L#k.
F Lù H~}O G 413
H|\ F ~=KO^! hK QOK|_K# 'OK= J#|_#Ô` h

~=# U=Ò "~ H#\ ''|" J~L#k. ''"Q QOK@ He`" #
'= K`<. W\ P`~=# O|OkOz# 'Z~H JO`~OQ=# ^$_Ò
Ok# *xH [# =$`=` WO^ Un qs`"#kQ HxOK^.
N~=_ : g~ KC K#Ô` ZO` z`" # q+ O! KK~ =s! i^$=#",
h`" Hx# D [Q` ""xH 'q^ J~L#k H^! Hx =
J#==# =Ò ''WÔ` W> "=O J# ~=Q U^ ^$+ U~_Òk.
! g~ K #k qO@ LO_@OK` D [Q` H ~ " H=H=OQ
è=< ~. WÔ` ZO` H;O, KO , @O J~ L#k. =` ~"
J~L#k. Hx ''=OKÒ~` `y# D `<` (|~~~
QO^=) J` ^$+ H~}OQ, JO^ =uiHOQ H#=#k.
Ò_! WC_ ''=+ =+ ^= QiOz, P ^= Ja=#Q
''q_ (Universal 'I') "#~_(Individual 'I') J#|_"i QiOz... "~ Z\
L`#=QK<~ KO_.
N=+=i : 'PH~= JO@ Un #\ ''K= J#|_#k XH J=~H
x $Ô PH$u HeyL#@ iOk H^!
D r=_ ""xH 'PH$u JO@ Un x"_! J`_ "@"^@ ~|=#
HtOKK<_. J`x ~= ~ ^ ~ |". ~ Hb"# r= O~=
# J#iOz 'r=== J##k ~|=#O^ [=#Oê `~OQ==
HtOk. D r=_ XH" ~=^_. ~|= H ~H}=#
Hey L<_. J@ `Q '^_ J~ LO_ _ "#K L^qOz#
^=# J#uKO^K<_. W`_ ~=` Ja#_ Hx, a#_Q
QKi<_. J`_ `~_ LO__ H#`_ D [Q`# î<_.
~=` ''<# r=_#^=#YO__# J# H## P~OK@^~
r===# O^K<_. K`#" D r=x ~=. J\ D r=_ =##*#=
=# ''=# Q H=# O^K<_. P =# `<` QiOz zOuOK@K`
|~^ J#=O O^Òk. ~=}=HO> _ ZO` H;"#\ P
=<K`#O xi+ z^H=# K=`~ ~HOQ iOK@O [~QÒk.
XH[O ''XH h\aO^=.... J<H `~OQ=Q _ J=Òk KK"!
z^H=#O^ =+ (Individual 'I') =+ (Universal 'I')``= _ J\Q
q<~.
414
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
=+ @ Ja=#= Q r=_ ~}Q~_ (q_)
=+``= @ Ja=#=Q r=_ =+r=_ ("#~_)
=+=< ~_Q ~}Q~x O^ =<H< ~OQ JOMH=#
O_= i<~. J#Q, D |O_=h =+=# #O^ L<~
WH D |O_=O^ H;^= XH Q tO^ zuOK|_# J<H
z`= = LO@<~. qzÒ KK"? J\ =<~=# Ok# r= K`#=
`# ~=# qiOK@K `# "===# QiOK*H ''<<=_#?
J# XH<H OkQ*#= O^K#k.
W@ '=##= J# ~=Q H;^=# (=# { |k { z`= {
JOH~=#) P r=K`#O îOk. Z\HC_ W`~ O~=,
~~=` _ 'Lk ~=# L^~Ok. H=OQ '[Q` J# |=
H J~=#, ``=# J@ *#~=# O^Òk. =<K`#O ''<#
s~=#, =+x J##\ =##=K D s~=# HtOKK#k. J@
Ht# D s~= #O_ P ''r=K`#i, JO`~=# =<-|k-z`-
JOH~=#, " WOk= Lùx, P WOk= J#==QK#
=*=` _# [Q`# O^K#k.
" ''~= s~=#O^ '<H
" ''~= s~=#O^ 'H#
" ''QO^= s~=#O^ '=
" ''|= s~=#O^ 'K=
W@ P WOk =# h`=QKO_Q J`xH ''|=# q#@
"^# H==~=O` gOk. W@ r"` HH`mOQ H=H=OQ
^==# J<H~ QOKK<_.
D r"` U JO=#O^ |O q#@O [~QÒ^ ^xx 'K= Jx JO@<O.
""xH 'r"` J##k q^#x *# Q<~. ZO^K`#O>,
[Q<@HO`~ÒQ `^~x= HxOK D r=_... [Q^fÒQ ~O*u
~_! J~<, 'J*# J< ` ~OQ J*#^$+H `== QKi<_.
'K= Q< P r=K`#= ~=# QOK K@# 'H Jx, QO^=#
QOKK@# = Jx JO@<O. D WOk=h =<== =!
D r"` ""=K, ''<# D ^= H"_#. q+=# 'QiOK@,
J#qOK@, HtOK@ "^Q ^~=# x~iOKQ WOk ~O^=
H"_# Jx `K<_.
F Lù H~}O G 415
=+ r=x=+r=x ===# 'Pu"H ^= (H H;

^=) "@"^@ L`#=`<~.
F ~=KO^! D qÔQ J=H"#\ ~=` J*#=`Q_ Pu"H
^=# O^K#k. J*#= `yO^, WH ''<# ^x, H;^x
J# =_ `QÒk. P`*#= Hey# `~"` =}= LO_^. "=
(r=_ : Objected Created) _ LO_^. =`$`= (process of creation) LO_^.
J*#=K U~_#\ ''=+ Ja=x=+ Ja=x... x" J=K<~.
XH '~` ''<# |=# J# =#K |=Q#, ''<# =+r=_#
J# =#K '=+Q#, ''<# =+r=_# J# =#K '=+ Q# uOk.
N~=_ : D r=x ~"#\ ''z<``` JQ |=#O^ J*#=
H LxH Z Ô? JO^K` |=H J^ ù (^xH "~#Ô@ Un
H =_O) `^" J~L#kH^! =i WOH qkx==qK~}"H= ....
"^# ^H#` P=H` ZOÔ\Ok?
N=+=i : =Oz "=. Qk J~#\H Jk `y# =O
"< O. U^< Q"# HO< aOk H^! h W\H `y#>
L#k. WH q#. ''D [QÒ` =+ r"a=x J~#\ '~}Q~_ J# ~`
=|_"x = Jx K|_Òk. P ~}Q~_ (J`_ |^=_
`=_ Jx G k) FOH~~=Q }==# LKiOKK J^x H
J~=# QOKK =<~[=# qiO*K<_.
WH D 'r"` (=+r=_) _ J> ^H=# ÒQ `_Q
~}Q~ x ==~=#O^ Pq~q OKK<_. r"`h ~}Q~ x ~" .
= H#|_ ~=h ^+"Qx, =iOH=i" H^ H^!
J~`, D =+=<~= '~=` O^ ^~}O`~` uaO==
JQ# D ^$[Q` " H#H, ''WÔ` J` Jx K|_Òk.
J^qÔ Q '=+ =<~[= J~#\ [Q` , _ z^H=#O^ J` JQK#k.
"" xH D '[Q` J#|_#^n [xOK@ ^ . =~}O K@^ . Ox OH=`
~= [#Uq? =~}O Uq\? XH |= =`" ~^ ~=~ `=.
P |" [QÔQ, =i 'u`=` `=Q JQOk. T``=Q
HtOk.
J@ 'HtOK@ H '`K@ H=O JqK~}K` =`" =! ijeOz
K '|^=_ "^Hx XH ~Q =~.... D r= JOî '` _
416
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
'`J` =". J*#O `y` Jh J` JQK<~. J*#HO
LO_ f~K<~.
XHH rqk XHH $+
eHk |~O`= (XH ~Q "^Hx |^=x =~) JOî
$+ =#". WH ^"q@O\"? 'q^ `^#= K |^=_ 'Q
"_ =#`_, = _ Jx JO@<O. '=e#` ^ #= JQ@K 'H@H=
`K"#k JO@<O. P ~O_\ x WK, =# "^#"\ H ==
''OH= XH>. L J#== OHe`"!
N~=_ : ''|^=x $+ ~QH $+ JO@<~O? u XHr=xH
XH<H $+ L#^? g XHf~ $+, < =~H f~$+ L#^x g L^=?
N =+=i : J=#. ZO^HO>, ^$+ $+ H^! |^"-OHi... ''<# D
=+ $+Oê H;^``=#, ~=# JO`~q H# H~_#Q
K<# J# ^$+ Hey LO@<_. H@HOHi ''D ~H H ` Q
s~=< <#. D s~=# PHe f~@O, x^ HO> "~Q ~OH ZH_ Un
^.... J# iq` ^$+ Hey LO@<_. ~_ XH_ J~<, ~H~}
J<H", XHH H~}O XHH ==# "eyOk H^! Z=~ Z\ ^$+ Hey LO\~,
"iH J\ $+ J#==QK#k.
^ =## J#iOK ''r=_ J`x ~+H~= LO@<~. J\
~+H~= ##iOz H~# PKiOK@O, P H~ = H [#=,
L^ U~_K<~. H$`=K |^=x [#, ^+ $` =K H@H
[# =<~. J~` D ''[#H~H$`H~^+ $` H~.... WÔ`
|*#= H 'J==, H, 'U=~ K`< LxHx OìOKHO@<~.
J#Q L`= ij# #ye# =O 'L#q JQK<~. *<^ O J~#^....
WH D ^^h =Q=. ZO^K`#O\"? |^=xO^, H@H=#O^
L#\ '` XH> H^!
1. `H#"_ *` (Knower - Experiencer - Perceiver)
2.è|_K#k *= (The object being known - the experience - the perceived)
3.`H=@O *`$`= (Knowledge - Experience - Perception)
D =_ `` = ~ ^+ O^, H, ~ r=O^ XH suQ U~_ LO@<~.
'H J##k XH> J~ LO_, J<H K@ J<H <=~=# O^K#> XH
F Lù H~}O G 417
|= P ^+^~#^$=# OìOKHO\Ok. ^~} Hey LO\Ok.

Uk U"`<O? |=# a#"#Ô@ ZH_ Un ^. WH D '^ `J^ `
^=h = =`". ~Q `# [=K xiOKHx# Q_
`< zH, " |O^= # J#q OkH^! J\Q OQ, [OQ |#O^=
~_ J~L# Dr=_ `# H<HK `< xiOKHx#\ `# ==# `<
'|OÔ J#q<_.
=+ =<~_# |^=_ ^xx Z@ q<_, D r=_ _
^xx J> QOKK<_. Wk 'xu H ==. D 'xu H '== #
J#iOK '=]q` #O_ =] =$H" ~=@O |O_= =HO`= =~
" LO_@O.... "^#=h kOK@O [~QÒk.

J~` ~=! ''WH_ XH xu (XH<H x=H ~H" # q^#O) [~QK#k
H^! H#H WÔ` `" Jx `K~^ =! ZO^HO>, WÔ` ^+ H
'=# # J#iOK îOK|_Òk. '=<== J~=# D $+ H
u J"== J#@O U=Ò OÔ ^. ^=, ~", UH
=`=, J#O`= J~=# |= *#= H ` H~}OK` JÔQ,
Lk iqÒQ, J<H=Q, [#=$` ÒQ HxOK_O [~QÒk.
=__# XH _ `\H [Ox J#Kz, P J# ''WÔ` [" J#
^$+x U=~z#"_, ''W=h =O^ ^`# K=`~ ~ Z` = `
_# "~"~ H~@= Jx J#O@ LO\_. q"H=#\ X_ pH\
`_#Kz '= J#Hx J<H qH~= O^K LO\_. J\Q WÔ`
Ok. J~`, U r=xO^` 'L`== q`= J~#\ ^$+, =i
''O~= =Q= J~#\ J=Q# ", ....J\ "_ =`" D
[Q^^=h J#q<_. Hx WH_ r=xH r=xH =^Q HxOK P
^ = h ` ^$+H aOK=. XH_ W`~ ` `#K HeOK|_# ^ = # J#iOz
'W`_ < q`_. J`_ "~#"_. g~ < . giH Q ^Y= < ^
Y".... J##=h ''"== J##@ O^K<_. ''`= q`_ "^#
U"" ~~ q~^=# ^==~= QOKK<_.
|=#O^ ~~ q~^=# ^^=h "K<~.
`~OQ J<HOQ "~"~Q HxOz<, J=h "~"~? JO` [" H^!
''=~O P~}O J< ÔÔ L#^? 'UH =`=Q |= #O^ D '[Q`
J#|_#k P~OK|_Òk. WH P ''[Q` " ~ ... |="~ J##Ô` Ok.
418
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
"@"^@ ^``=, i~= JQ 'P` L#k. P 'P` =<
~=# HtOKK#k. P '=# #O_ JOH~O L`#=Òk. J#Q....
D =# "@"^@ ''xiH= #O^ =#~=# LO_ L#k. x [O
`~OQ==, P `~"` H< ==# < 'JO== J#^xK
qt+=QK#k. J\ JO= qt+"# =##O_ ~#=~"# ' $u
x J#iOz ''K~K~K~KQO^K J#|_ OK`<` HQ
K<~. D ``<` HeOK|_# `~"`, z``_ (z`=` _# P`
~_) JQ D r=_ HH`mOQ [Q`# îOKK<_.
D =# ^xx n~HO '` Q qO^, Jk J> ÔQ< OK@O
[~QÒk.
H#H =# JO`\ H H~}O.

3. H~\ `
N =+ =i : F ~=KO^! D O^~O XH ~`# WuO K`#.
WO^ XH ~H J^` ~H"# Hx [\ ukOzOk.

=~` L`~QO Q XH J~}O XHK@ 'H~\ J< ~Q

XH OH~ ~H LO_k. JH_ x=# [# P ~Hx 'J<kH Jx
_ LO_"~. P ~H H@H= #Q, Ju OH~OQ LO_k. Jk
J=#"# |O` cux Q H~= K LO_k. `# H`, _"#
Q`, #~ HOH=# +=Q îOz ` #$Ò K P =~}O
OKiOKk. ^xx K_@O `@Oz# [# Ou"~.
^xH ZO^H, ZO` u< PHe f~k H^. f= [~~y` PHe J~
J~, XH ~A# W@ PzOKyOk.
''P! D < PHe ZO` ~" # k? D [O| nO x=OK =#+Oîh
XHi qOy< D PHe f~@@ ^? g~Oîx <# KOQ<? gi HO^~
=O` B+^= Hey LO@<~. "ix <<g K#. WH =iHO^~
'hu^#=[ "^#q x~i LO\~. g~Oîx xiOK@O, u#@O, <
X#Q_ x H^=i? WC_ < PHe f~k Z\?.... h, XHx K#. `K
kOK~xÔ@ Un LO_^H^! JO^K` g~Oîx J_O O_ #qe
F Lù H~}O G 419
qOQ`, e" LO_QO^ H Ok#. J@=O\ H H~

` ~Oa#.
D qÔQ zOz XH HO_ H JQQOKiOk. JH_ Q XH Ô
XO\H x|_ f="# ` ~OaOzOk. J<H ~A, ==, |`=
Q_z~. Jk xOQ ~` K< L#k.
HO`HxH |^=_ P ~HH UHQ` "z `H=~.
N|^=_ : f! @^` _# h n~ ` "K#. Uq Hi `
K<" KC. h W+kx k#.
H~\ : Q"#_! `=! #"#=! g ^~#OK` < QO O_Ok. < ^
U=x K =O\~? < PHe Ôz"Ok. F `" ! ## ''J<P....
~O_ J~#\ ''rq zHQ K"O_. JC_ <# r= s~= "tOz,
"i ~H=# A]O\#.
N|^=_ : =`! ~ J> JQQH! h= ~=Hey LO_, x^x"`=. Ju
H;"# '~= # J=OaOz, h= x+^"#, JH"#, JH"# Ju J~#
''[#O K [# s~= "t LO\=.
H~# x~iOK"ix, ^"# (People who stay at unhealthy places)
~^ O LO_Q=. " ~=}== J~, P [# '= ^~
s~= "tOz, J# =~OQ $^^=# PHqOKQQ`=.
Q#, W`~ J===# _OKK, JH_ ~H=O=# H LO\=.
[# ''"` M ` H , q zH"k J# ~ ` x# LO\~ .
Q}=O`Q}# J# ^= O_ h= ZOî< k LO\=.
J~`, Q}=O`# ^$+ @Hx, h =# HQ 'qzH"k zH`
H~ ^H [# XH =O`= k<#.
F ^H[#~! q#O_! = ~`= L`~OQ 'H~\ J< XH
~H L#k. ^xH 'qz J<k J< ~ _ L<~. Jk =~=O

P : == P< : HO\H H#|_#O` H;=
rqzH : ~HO H;rq

}"= s~= H^ KO_ qkx J#iOz ''}=-J#=-"#=-L^#=-
=#= J< ~` K|_Ok. D q+" D QOÔ 'x~}H~}O 'O_M#O
q~OQ KiOK|_Ok.
420
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
K` ~Hx "k~O` |_Òk. Jk HQKQ ^, ~Q=#
WC_ <K LKiOK|_K# =O`= 'L=#= Q i}qOKQ!
'' FO O O sO ~O q+H#=
FO #" Q=u q+H"<O !
FO ~~! ##! KK! =^=^!
L`^ ^~~ !
==OÒ QK r=
KO^=O_ Q` II
(''FO O O sO ~O c*H~ ~=Q ''q+H H W^ < #=~O. F
Q=f! q+H! h 'JO J~LO_, ~Q~=# L#\ D h Hx Ôz
iOK. LOiOK. K#"#~. =kO=. ^~= K"~. ~}=Q
F ~QH! h= h #=Q ==# "o.)

^_ D '= =O`= # `# Z_=Ku ", P Ku` ~y ^=#

`_, UHQzÒ`.... ''D H~\ ~H =O`=K =iOK|_K#k. ~y ^=
#O_ "=_, ==" i=K#k Jx =#` OHeOKe. ''D
~y KO^=O_= #O_ J=$`~ = # O^K<_. JO^K` ~ "k qx~_
JQK<_... Jx =# Ke. D qÔQ ^_ zJ~, PK=#O K,
UHQ`zÒ` |=# J~=# XH~ P~ x~-==O` J##O
K, JC_ qzH"k =OQ LqOKQ^.
uH<^_Q |^=_ W@ eH, PH=~OQO_ "Q~. PHOx
^ J`xH #=iOK~. WO^xH =OÒ kOz `# x[HxH K~~.

4. H~\ H;r=Ò
~`=O` #\ s~OQ P ~H H=OQ H;Ò O^yOk. 'k
JO` J~#k. P `~"` J}=`=O` J~Ok. #\ ~#kQ#, 'r=zH
Q# J~#k. OK =`=K, OK *<Ok=K, OKH~Ok=K,
Jq^K, H==K, H~=K (g\< ''~+H= JO\~) HêOK|_K, PHO
OKiOKyOk.
F Lù H~}O G 421
N~=_ : =s! WC_ P H~\ XH 'qz "k ~" i}qOzOk H^!

WC_ ^x ^=~= = =O\"?
N =+ =i : ''z (k) ~`= Jx =#O KCHO@#k. P ~H
`#O^ `#H H#K J#==Q QOKK#k =`". JO`Qx ^xO^
'`= J##k ^. =K`< Jk J@ JQOk.
Jk XH<H ~HQ H;rq.
Jk =##j=Q =#`, qq"i Ju H;"# HO\ ` WH
OKiOKyOk. PH== hO~OQ# Ok, W`~K` è|_O_< `#
"~= H#yOKyOk. W`~ =xH~", ^# kOK#^,
J===# H}OK#^ =iOKyOk.
P! KK"? P ~H D [QÒ` HOK< HiH` k ~=#
êOk. Hx, "# ~O` ^xx HOKQ^ KC? Jk `#H =~Ò
K` p~O OkO^Hx, ''D J=Q z (k) ~O` WO`\ `K`=`
<# U ~z J#qOKQ#?..... Jx =O^ K` zOK< ^. J=# =i.
=O^ "#H#, Q} ^+=# qKiOKO_< ''Jk < W+O. H#H O^
=O^ Jx =~OQ Ja+OK"~ z=iH xx ^Y=h `z@HO\~.
O, P ~H.... ''<# qzx J=`#.... Jx uOz P s~=
"tOK O``=Q =i~Ok. Hx, ''<# ZO` P~O HOz P#Ok#
J# ~= Q ^x OH= z=~ x~~H" J~Ok. '~z J# J#=O
O_ ~H#O =Ò KyOk.
=_|k` W`~# kOK=#x zOuOK "iH '~~ qK~}
LO@Ok. "~ ~O` Ja+Oz# == =`" ^$+JO` HOnHi~ H#H,
"iH L`="# |k H+`"Òk. z=~ J##k aOK^.

P ~H `# ^ =# Q@Hx, ''z`= Q Oz, HkHO `~ "`,

''J! D JuH;=Q 'z ~O` <<g KH`<<? WO`H< PHe`
J=\Oz#\ s~ u Q#^ ! Jx "=@O ~OaOzOk. P!
XH == (H) q+= J#~Q= Hey# r=xQu J^Qu HQ =^
=#k. W`~r = ~H= O= Q uK P H~ \, `# W`~ s~=#
_ `$}== =iOz"Ok.
422
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
F ~=KO^! D r=x KK"? W`_ P ==, q+=, <=
~= OKHO@# ''Juu Ja=#= H~}OQ *# =~#
J~` =~=# Q@HO@<_!

P qÔQ =iHO`HO Q_z~Ok. P H~\ =_|kx P~OK@K`

''<# ^=# H#.... J< q+" zOK@ =x"Ok. '"k
~=Q Q qz J~ W`~ ^ =O^ "t OK@O ~OaOzOk. ''=~#
`# q<#= _ u< HÒk Jx JO^H JO@LO\~ H. Jk
}O^ HO\H H#|_#O` H; ~=# K@K@Hx # '^~= =
PH~O HeyO_k. H=, ~= J~# =<=$u HeyO_ }
^= "t, JH_ `~_K# ~H=O=# yOk. Jk U^<
}x P~OzO^.... WH P }H ~H=O` iOz=O^. Jk P
=O ''^= H;^= J# ~O_ ^= HeyLO_, qK
q_Q, Jx ".... P ~O_ ^=` _ u~QyOk.
N~=_ : =s! P H~\ LQ"# `K Q"#_Q |^=< `HO
KH#kH^! J~#\H, Jk `# `K"# 'qzH`= # (The form of a disease)
ZO^ H~H#k? ''`K |k q`` O^Òk Jx JO\~ H^! =i P
H~ \ q+ O J@ [~Q^ O ? Q , |^=_, ''h= O^Q~#k Ju`K" # k
Jx KLO_=K# H^! ZO^ K^?
N=+ =i : F ~=KO^! D $+ H#|_K# ~r= `=H
OH=OK`< OQ<, H;OQ< JQK<~. P H~ \ _ H Ja+`
_# OH= H~}OQ< Q s~= =ê 'z`= (k==)
H~H#k. ^|k Hey L#C_ D r=_ hK==< Ja+ LO\_. P
~H Q` K z K` =# J#q Ok. ''` J##k H~H#^xx
=iOK@ =~= J~L#k. D r=_ `# H~H##k `# *#J*#=#
J#iOK LO@Ok. =~H q+O. `K q`"#C_ _ Q}H~
qQ=# J#iOz P r= HxHx "#, P "## J#iOz
HH`= LO@< LO_=K.
H~\ P qÔQ `# `K W`~# kOK@H~H p`= H~H#k.
J> JiOzOk. J> OkOk. Q=O`_ x+_ ~H. JHO_. r=_
O~=, H =# J#iOz ^##, ^## J#iOz [#=#
F Lù H~}O G 423
[#=# J#iOz P uQ`# O^K<_. Z=_ ^xH~ qk

q^# ~HOQ uOK\O, H~# x~iOK@O [~QÒ^ J^x k<
|k, [#= "^# =h LO@<~. JO^K` =#=_ L`= P =#
=`" Hey LO_e.
=_ H"e.

5. Ò
P qz ^= "t LO_k. }"=` HO_,
^= O^ =iO`Q "kx Hey LO_k. '~H= @ J# OH
^~ |k=O^= Qx, ~Q= Qx x"ix _ H}= PHqOz"k.
XHK@ XH s~= "tOz ~H=O=# K `$Q LO_k. P s~O
}~ `" # `~ "` =~H s~O "t OKk. =~HK@ =} (=~H` = "^#
P ~, =}) =O`= B+^=K x~kOK|_K LO_k. D qÔQ
H;= # ~O_~=` PH=#O^, qO^ OKi J<H
O=`~= Q_"Ok. Jk ZC_ ôO^, =iH=G=O^, ^+=`
_# <_O^, tk"# `$}=O^, Z=HO^, qqOKK@, qH$`" #
P"^ Hey#"i O^, ~#==O\ =` HeyOK ^~=
L#K@, u LO_ Ô, |~^` _# =_Q, =iH H=
OKi LO_k. W\ Jk XHK\#O_ =~HK\H JqOÒQ x, r=#
^dO K HO`HxH ZO`Q< J~Ok. ^x i#_# ZO^~ }
s~ <~. W`~# kOKHey#_ P#O^=#, x~kOK|_#C_
^Y=# O^` =Kk. ~Ò, kOK@O - D ~O_ ^x ~, "
J~<~.
D qÔQ Jk JO`H~}=K ~OK|_K#^, `# zH (=),
r=zH (H;=) ~=` kh u~Q` KHO Q_Ok.
J<H O=`~ `~"` Jk XHC_ `# ^=# KKHx Ò
O^yOk. O! P H~\ _ P#O^" O^x J#H#k H^! Hx PHeH
'^-O J~, J\ û `KH#k. ^x $Ô_ W`~ r= @
H~} = ZH_ HO`< H^. J~`, Jk H =#O =Oz 'O``
# P~ LO_Q WO`<, ~H =O =$`=` LO_k. =G=O^
424
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
"tOz, ''D r=x kOK@O Z\? Jx =~ z LO_k. XHC_ Lx
=G=#, =~HC _ Ku" He" OÔ^ LO@ ZO` Q~ OO^k.
H=\Q_ _ ^xH x"Q"# #=. =^ =^ U^ K~x
x[=#, `=#, Jx~Kh"# kQ# O^` LO_k.
D qÔQ P H~\ J<H=Ok =#+ ~H=O=# K, PHe
f~HO@#\H, ^xO^ '`$+ U=Ò K~^.
XH~A Jk `# JO`~OQO Z@ zOKyO^ ~ qKiÔ.

(P~= ~A qK~} i J~Ok)

F Lù H~}O G 425
U_= ~A
6. # `
N=+ =i : P H~\ W@ zOKyOk.
J ! D p` =# < # ZO^ Q Oz#@ ? WO` H ; " # ,
H#"# ~O` XH H|O _ u## H^! W`~ < q"#
J===h U"< ~? J\ ~zH~" # =O =^ # =$kQ lOK^xx.
WH WC_.... W`~ ^=O^ QKH#K, < ^~K, ~H=O=
WOH` W@ xH$+` O^K<#. =~=~ =e#=QK<#. Uq <
|`? J<^<# < |O^=Qx, q`Qx ~. P=O@ Un ^.
ZO` ^h"# q+O! ZO`\ ^YOH@O! dQx, ^Qx, èQx, Ò_Qx,
|O^=Qx, =Qx, ^~Qx, `Qx #\ D |` ZO^?
TiH Qe"@Q J@W@ u~Q\xH<?
J, q^"# q+O Uq>O>,.... <# ` K =s D ''qzu
J< q` =i OH@=# `z@<#. WC_ K"<, K=~^ H^!
=_|k` KH\ s~=# Q@<#.
ZH_ 'J*#O "tO^ JH_ =O^Q '^~k =z K@ KHO@Ok
H. J\ ^~k` _# z`" J<H J#~= î fOk.
Q#, `$}=# _`|_K# D < ^Y= JO` ZH_#k?
W`~ (J#Q =O`^+ ) P[ |_ "i P[K xqOK|_K, q~qOK|_K,
"i Pn#O LO@<#. =O` Ò` B+^=K x~kOK|_K, JOÒ_
^# O^K<#. p! `K"# ~HO `Qx <# ZO^ H~H#@? <
<H L#^? ~z `? ^. Hx, < H~}OQ W`~ r= =Ò OOK
|_K<~. ''XH Ô =ke`, =~HÔ @H#k.... J# '<#_ <@
JH~ x[O J~Ok. 'q<H qs` |k J#@Q <x `~#k. WH, XH
HqH@H= =O\ s~=Q ## LîOKQ "~=~? h, Ou =~#H
*#=H~ =` <=i<< P~^=? ^+r q<# ## " ^y~ ~x~?
D< J*#u `Q^\? D q` `Q\xH U^< `= L#^? WOH ZO`HO
D ^` ^~= L#^ H^!
426
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
W\HC_ <# < ~ q^=# O^Qey` ZO` QO@Ok.
P! cH~"# PH$ux îOz D HO_ XH H, P HO_ ~O_= H Z\H
LOKQ Q`<? =#= HOH=# Ô_Q JOHiOKHx, HO_Q ^î @ @
#=` = ~` O`= Z\H O^Q OKi<? XH K`
=^ O_#, =~HK` ==# @Hx tY~QO ~x Z\H uO@,
`Q`<? ^$_"# P #x q s~"H_? Ju H;"# D 'qz Lk
ZH_? F < _"# K`~? g~ WC_ ZH_H "~? < D ûH H~}O
<<H^! q=# Q@H#k <<!

D qÔQ PzOz# P H~\ HO` 'UHQz` J~Ok. =#O =OzOk.

WO`< J^x =<Ô ~O~= ~}K` ''` J< q+O
`# "iOk. ''B#. WC_ <# ` K@" LzÒ. Jk < D =$uH
`yL#k Jx zOzOk. `# p~=# }"~=Q }=O^,
}=# 'r=zH O^, r=zH# 'zH O^ "tO*Ok.
==`~`= *i ` K@O ~OaOzOk. JC_ WO^_ K#
q=# _ HKO_, #=#O_ HÔ_, J<H O=`~=
` Q_"zOk.
'^` _# ` TiHÒ^! P ~H K+# `lOz" UHQ``
` K@OK`, '`~=Q P`=#` J#O^#O U~_Ok. =Q
P`H ~ ==# qKiOK@K, Ô OkOk. P`H`~ J#= O
aOzOk. `q+Òê P`H =ux Ziy#^ q`` OkOk. `K
=O` #tOzQ, `H#=# P`# KHQ `H#k.
P qÔQ ~H=# Ò*K U_" O=`~ ` KOk. P
` HQ*# `=# Q=xOz# WO^_ _ "` O^_. J`_
<~^=ix gOz, ''=s! Wk Uq? Jx J_Q_. JC_ <~^=i ''F
WO^ ^"! =`xQ H~\^q J<H O=`~ ` KOk H^! WC_
q*#= s~O OkOk. JO^K`< ^x ``[K [QÒ` nO J=Òk.
P LQ`K H$u _ ZO`Q +OKK#^ KK~? Jx eH~.
WO^_: F <~^=s! P H~\ H J"# =$Ò`=O` q<#. Jk W`
~O `# `K |^=x "Oz KOQ J^$=Q r=z`=#
OkOk H^! [_|k` Jk U"< Q=# O^HeyO^? Jk ZH_q KOk?
F Lù H~}O G 427
N <~^_ : Jk #\ zH J~ 'Hu H '= z=iQO POQ

HeyLO_k. KOKÒ`, zH =O`.... }" =~OQ r= s~=
"tOKk. JK@ "~=# OKi '^ HeyOKk. "^, Q,
"^#q ^xH qOu #O. P r= [#=#, =Oq+=# `#
J#qOKk. r= s~O`~Q=# OOKK Jq`~=# O^k. Jk
ZO^~ r= s~=# e"O^ H ^. J~` =Ò U=#k? q+
Q= J#== H P#OÔ O^H~Ok. JH`` ^Y= J~#k.
J<H~ ''=O`=B+^=`K Ô_O|_, ==" ~Q
fOk _. ZO` P~O Ok< ^xH '`$ JO@ LO_k H^. s~=x
"xH J#= " LO_^ H^ =i! JO^K` ''<# < W`~ n~^ =# O^^#
QH! Jx WK OkOk. XH H s~O "t Oz, ^xx ~ OK@^~ =O
KiOk. P H =Oz |\H =zOk. XHK@ P#~ n~` ~OaOzOk.
J\#O_ W\^H ` K< L#k. K O=`~= Q_z~. P
H~\H U^< =~O Wz O`+OK ` #O_ q~qO*@" WC_ LzÒ.

<~^ _ K #Ô` q# WO^^= _ "^=x` ''F "^"! g~ #k
iOz P H~\ U ^=# L#^ Q=xOKO_. Jk Z@ U u L#^ <
è*O_. P =~=#=# J#iOz `~"` K=#k x~~OKHO^=
Jx P*OK_.
JC_ "^=_ `= 'k=*<O= = KiOKK, [O|nO
Q = ~Ò XHK@ H~\x KK_. Jk JÒ` H;", tk"
LO_ UHQ`` ` KHO\Ok. "^=_ P H~\x gOKx uOz
_ q__. ''F~H! h= ZO^ D ` K<=? Jx ZQu
aQ~Q eH_. Hx UO O? P |O P ~H K=# gOK< ^. JC_`_
WO^x =^ uiy"o W@ eH_.
"^=_ : F WO^^"! g~ P*Oz# qÔQ P 'qz H~ "`H Jk L#\
#O QiOK#. Jk ZO^H~H, U".... LQ` KOk. P `=O
"=# _ H O K@^ . Jk `# s~=# =O X#~H#k. =#"=~O
_ ^xx =~=K `$~KO. =#O `=_Q |^=x, D q+O,
P~OK@O =Ozk. ^x `=O K` P ==`~Ò `# [H}"
# j``=# =ê L+`= OìOKHO\Ok. JO^K` J\ f="# `
H=# xH~" J~L#k.
428
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
JC_ WO^kH |^=x gOz q+ O x"kOK~. `=_
JO` qx "iH JO Wz, "ix O"~.

7. ^
P H~\ `# H f="# ` H =O K` q`"# |kx OkOk.
P`q+" qKiOKyOk. J<H ` |=# +OQ `H#k.
''P! '<# P`< J# =# ~=. P`*#" Q~=. ^==. ==Ò^
D ~= _! Jx QOKy#k. *#^$+K O`=Q J<H O=`~=
=#O =Oz#k. XH~A |^=_ P H~\H `H"<_. H~\H
=<^~}O uaOaOz OkOKQ_.
N|^=_ : F f! nH~H"# h ` "K#. Uq H" H~H.
r== =`" HeyO_, H~Ok= #\ P qz |^=x
=^~=K#= q#k. Hx, Z\ ``~O W=^. `# `# W@ J#H#k.
''< Oh #tOK~. ~Ò O^#. WH =~=` <Hqx?
WC_ <# O`=#, `$x Y=# O^K<#H^! `H=#Ô`
`H<#. q"H= aOz# `~"` WH O^=#k Uq LO@Ok? WC_
Z@ L<<, J> LO\#QH! << `~}< O_Q, WH < q^Q
==# PtOK=# x Uq L#k? P! WO`HO Jq"HO` ZH_H_
OKi J<H ^Y=# O^#. W\H P`qK~} =ÒK` < Jq"H=O`
#tOzOk. < W+=q\? J~+=q\?.....!
Jx J#HO@ |^ KO_ =#O =Oz#k. xu_#
|^=_ Wk Kz K O`+OK~. ~Q~` J~# P H~\` W@ eH_.
N |^=_ : F f! P`*#= O^@K ~=q`~==. h `
[#OQ =~O HiOK. =i ''xu Q~qOK|_eH^! D =O_=#O^
LO@ =iHO`HO Q=# J#q OK. P `~ "` L`" `= =Q |^= #
O^^=QH! Wk D~xu. nxx "= _ =~= =!
D ` H [#OQ h OH= D_~QH! =~ h W`~
q s~O O^`=. ~H" == OKi=. XH c[O H;
~=# JO~O ("H` =O) ^y LO@Ok H^! J^ qÔQ ''<# ~
^=# Oê J< HiH hO^ JO`~`" L#k. J~` UO? z`kK
F Lù H~}O G 429
~=Q ~|=# `H<= H^! JO^K`, h= h ~^= Ok

#\H, WO`=O^= H=# kOK=. q"# ~H Lk Ok#\H,
h= ZC_ xiH=kO^ LO_ LO\=. ZC_< P =k#O_ z#C_,
P =O ~# P`~Q< K LO\=. "=iH ^$+H =Ò
''^~}^#= # J=Oa LO\=. "= O^= Z\ =^",
J\Q h= _ xiH~OQ LO@< D KH"# s~O xH HeyLO\=.
*#=K =<q`` PiOz# h= ~H= x~iOK P O
=ÔQ< ^~OQ LO\=. <=# ie<, H$u ^"# PHex
f~H#@ =`" Hx }# H=. hO^ JH$u="# <=$u =z
K~@K, <=# JuHqOK"~# =`" k=. r=#H" q"H=
HeyO_, D q OKi=. h =QQH!

W@ eH Q=O`_Q |^=_ JO`~#"<~. JC_ ~H, ''`=_

|^=x JaO J#iOz, J> JQQH! XH<H Lk Oz#O` =ÒK`
P`*#=# @ LO_=# x U=#k? Jx `z, `# ~s~= QiOz
zOuOKyOk. J\ OHc[OK H=OQ ~ Ô ^`ÔQ OkOk.
P qÔQ `= Ok#^ = ~`= OKiOKyOk.
z`~=# O|OkOz# *#= `#O^ L^~OzO_@K` P OK~O
_ P ~HH P#O^" WzOk. P H~\ O^ WC_ ~H=O ^.
OzH ^Y qo`=# "# =.

8. "^=x L^^
P H~\ P ^ OKi XHi XHK@ ^#O "KHx, ^
*#=# P~Oz P`^#~~} J~ ~OQ ~Ò= LO_~Ok. J@
P~< Q_z~. XH~A =k#O_ zOk. =~ =$` OkOk.
=~H}O P ~HH ZO` 'PHe JxOzOk. s~= L#O`=~, P s~= H
=O LO_< LO@Ok H^!
''P <HC_ ZO` PHe "O^? U"<~! <# <=# =Ò
JuHqOK#. AQ =#=# kOK@O, "iK ^+OK|_@O, J<OQ
OkOz lOK@O.... W\ H HO> K=@O =Ozk. XH" <OQ OkOK
430
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
|_# P~O ^~HH=@O [iy`, J\ i` D s~O #tOz< _
=Oz^. J<i`" # P~O q+` ". H= `= HO_#\ [#O OkOz
rq =Ò UO[#O? Q, P` ~=Q Hey#\ < rqOz`
UO L#k? =~} =Ò UO? D s~^ ~HHK `~_#Q <
aOK#k Qx, <# H=#k Qx Ug LO_^. D 'Ô J#|_ ==~=O`
OH =`" H^! â=#O ('<# ^=# J##\ J[`) L#O`=~
P`*#O < LO@Ok. H#H D r=#~}= " ^$+< iOK#.
W@ `KK, =#O =Oz L#k. ~~}j_# "^=_ P
H~\x, P" PK# f~# Q=xOK_. ~H =O `lOz#O^ O`+O
O^_. PH=#O^ LO@< W@ eH_.
"^=_ : a_! H~\! h q`~}j= K L`=OQ L#k. L`= *x==.
J~`, hH s~^~}, `k`~ OiH H ^" J=`~. P` *#
`=H P =@K, K~K D qx qÒ K LO\~. x# *#=
H~ P~OK"iH *<Ô K=K# H^! =_ J*#O `yOK@
=` ="#k. WOkq+= @ =`" ^Q Jr=
`~_#C_, J\"~ h P~==\xH L`#"<~x qOK=K. J\"ix
h= <=Q aOz# P~OQ `K=K. J\"ix lOK@K ^+= LO_^x
< JaO.
H~ \ : Ò_! "^"! g~ < L`= "# q+ =< Q~K ~. ## J#Q Oz
LîOz#"~~. g~ K#> D P`*#=# J*# qx#. J@
q#@ `y#\ O~O x"ix =`" H#. `^~ H$u ^"# D <
PHex f~HO\#. W\ PK## kOz#\ ^~`Q g ^=
#=i<#.

9. J~} "O H~`~A` ="O

W@ eH P H~\ JH_ #O_ zOk. =#=, ~` ^= ^\, XH
H~`~[O "tOzOk.
JC_ J~~u =O. JO` pH\ Ò_qOk. PHO ^@OQ "
H=Hx LO_@OK`, < H@H=O\ z=pH\ "Oz L#k. JO` ^~O
P H~`~[O Q WO_ n q#q#=O@ "Q`<~. P pH\
F Lù H~}O G 431
K Ò_q<~. P K@H ^~OQ Hx# J<H Q= P

r=~ x^YO J#q<~. H HH, HK~ ~}Q}, "
gzH K@ H^K# q#|_K<~.

P H~`~*x ''qH=_ J< ~A e<_. J`_ =ne, g~_

_. P~A J`_ `#=Ou` _Hx P^= îOz, ~[=# gO
L# P J~}O OKi L<_. [# kOK =$Q=#, `k ^+r =#
x~kOz [ O`` HeyOK\xH "~ P J_q "tOK~. `= [#
P ^+"^#O_ ~HOK\xH U"< L "`H@O _ "i LÔ.
H~`~A#, J`x =Oux ^~=#O_ Kz =# H~ \ `#, ''P! O`+O,
<HC_ =Oz [#O aOzOk. g~ XH" P`*#= #\ =~ J~`, g
LxH qH ~" J=Òk H^! =_, =~ W~ H=O^ ^
Y=#, q<#=# =~ =~ O^#<~. J#~O HQ* }#
HOK@O _ H`" J=Òk. U J*x P`# Z~QO_< rq LO\_,
J\"_ =~}Oz, < PHe f~@" LzÒ. <_ D Wîx l#. J~` g~
*#, J*# `H"e. Z\? ~~Y# |\ =#O *##, J*##
x~~ OK" ? *## "~ =#=#, [O`=#, ~H #, K=#,
^=`# LO_=K. J> J*# _. JO^K` gix =O^Q sH#. g~
H#H L`=*<x`` =Ò gix `H#. Y=, Hi, P= Ja+OK"_
Q}=O`# lOK Hx, kOK_^. <# K=\xH< ^"Hx Q}=O`
*eH=Ò #. P`*## ^ = `="H=K `k`~ [# D ''rqOK@
J#^x HO> _ JkH" # Y=#, kOKQ ~. D 's~+} J# ==~O
_ ''P`QiOz q#@ J#^x H~ x~iOK|_#C_ ~H` H^!
<# < s~x JiOz J~< ~ Q}=O`x ~H#. J@ ~HOz D =`
H O`+=# H~}==`#. ZO^HO>, Q}=O`_#"_ `# OQÒ`
D H=# q`"#~Q_. J`x OQÒ L#K@ =$`= _ Y^"
`KQ ^. <# ~H < # \H Q}=O`# P`*## lOz#C_ H~ $`=#
O|OkOz# `$O`+= HQ`~. L`= Q}x`#\ *#^# D
q OKi LO>, P ^=` "H=$`=K [# q` ^$+, L`=
J=Q#, =~=, H~}=, SH=`=, Ja=$k "^Q =
^$zHOQ< K~`~.
432
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
J=#. J\"~ `= OQO`=K, J=$`==Q Q}=K <=O\"i
$^ Ou Y=# <HQ~. ''Q}=O`# u~iOz, "i
=K#=# OQ` =# H=@" =$`= Jx < Jx O k. F Q}=O`~!
g~ ZH_H_ LO_ L< g #=i<#. g` O aOzO^, WH <
~"H= _ JY~^. Z< u [#OQ Q}=O``,
*#=O`` <O U~_@O [~QÒk.
gix Hx J_Q`#. g~ Uq =^#O W~ qO\#. gi =^#O
J#iOz g~ *#Q Q}=O`, H *##Q Q}# < èÒk.
g~ Q}#` +Q lOz"#. HH, Q}=O`.... lOz ì#.
gix OÒ*#.

D qÔQ `# J#H# H~\ P HH~}O H~pH\ H JO`~QO

#O_ ''~"#? J#@ "Q~# K W@ x+~OQ HyOk.
H~ \: F Jr=~! g~=~? WH_H ZO^ =K~? =\_H ~, XHH} O
gi^~ =$`"` _Q~. T! `~Q g~=~ KO_.
qH=_: Fs! `K_! WO` h"=~? ZH_#O_ =\_K<=? Un? h
Js~O = H KOK. h J~ q#O` =ÒK` _ =i"~
WH_=~~. H HÔ `lOK. J~` == \< Ò H\ @.
h =~"q\ = _ K_< L#k.
h= == \x ^Q J~z, P J~ h" _K#@ =
JxOk. P Q=HH P W@ ~. hHO H" KC. PO K"iH H~k
H+`~" J=Ò^x qxO_^?
P ~H P =@ q#k ''~. Wn Q< L#k. < cH~ ~H ~O giH
K`#. JC_ gi ^~"O`\ ^ KÔ! Jx J#H#k. =OÔ` Qi
XH n~"# HH "Ok. P |=# k H\~. ''XH ^#\ HO_?
J#<O` s~O` "iH Z^~Q `H"#k. P ~H PH~O K K
_ QO_ Ou Q^. Hx, =g~Q P ~A, =Ou WîH HOz`
_ H HQ^. ``=# q"K# KQ |k H"ix "O*
Qey#\k D $+ U ^$O LO@Ok?

F Lù H~}O G 433
=Ou : F ~H! h JO` HÔ ^xH KC? J =`" H~= O^

_ J`kH"# H`^ K LO\~x h= qx LO_^? H P HO
q_z@, |k=O` H= `y#k H^ H^! n=O` ZC_ Q"#,
<"# su =`" `=`= H~H==# x~iOKHO@ LO\~. F
J|! WH = ^~= OQu JO\"? <# XH=@ K`# q#. = ^~"=
H gzHK, h=O\ JH@H= "k _ ZO_ Q_~H = ZQ~Q@|_
Q^. H#H, ^K h H^=# =O^ `lOK, Z=~` =`=, x~|k
Hey LO_, Lz`suQ ==i~.... J\" ~ =`" H~kx O^Q QK<~.
XH x kOK=K, ^, kOKH =K. Uk U"<, "@"^@ =Ò
==< J=OaOKe H^! ==~=~ J< J> K~. H~=
xt`"# `~"` WH =~OQ =iOK=#<q LO@Ok?
L= <Q ~H=Q K|_~.
1. == (Requesting & seeking consent)
2. ^#= (Offering - increased consideration)
3. ^= (differentiating)
4. Ô_= (Applying force - punishing)
Z^\"i O^` "II "\x J#iOz P i` P L=#
J=OaOK@O LzÒ. WC_ h H~k H~ '== # LyOK=K. "=
JO^ = '=Y`# H\ <O.
=OuH L`="#, O^~z`"# "H= qx P H~\ P~_Ok.
`# W@ J#H#k.
''P! ~+ + # D Wî |k ZO` x~"# ^x= < `KK#^?
F! Uq |k|O! Uq ^~ O! gi^~ J<H= Ok =_[ #= < JxOK@^ .
gi " ZO` O``, q[` HeyLOk. =YHO`# ijeOzKO> _,
g~ P`*#=< L<~! ~O_ #^ XHK@ H#C_, P ~O_ #^x
[O UH"`~H^! J^ qÔQ, W^~ =Q~ |k=O` XHK\H Ki
#C_ "i ''K, ", Ja= UHO J=` LO\~. Jq
==# Hey LO@ LO\~.
WC_ <# giH Ja= q\ `HO\#. gix KO#.
ZO^HO>, P`^$+K, ''"= <~`= Jx `H#C_ =`" D qÔQ
=$`= Z^~Q xez#C_ _ WO`\ ^$ uL`= LO_@O [~QÒk.
JO^K`< < D cH~H~O Kz# `~"` _ g~ =^ KO^^ H^!
434
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
XH P`*# =$`= H "= `` O `H#QQ`~. r= J\" ~
=`" WO` x~OQ x|_ LO_Q~. P`*#= W@ rqOK@O^, J@
=~}OK@ O^ _ Q 'P= # "Ô\ O_ K"Q^.
J\r=_ '[#=$`= ~O_\ h "# q+== îOKQ_.
WC_ <Q O^=# gi=O^ LOK`#. =` g` Ok#
`~"` "ix tOKe. "i =K<=$`=# Qe. U"< O^ qye
LO>, "\x x=$u KH"e. J\"i '=HO Ok_ KHQ tOz, qx,
qK~} Kx"i ^~QO U=xKe? "~ J~Kux P~O <q_ PHe`
J=\OK"~ J=`~.
W@ PK# Ok, WH HO` " Q~# =O\ QO`H` W@ tOKyOk.

H~\: F ~`Q n~OQ=~! g~=~? H q=~OQ KO_. x~
z` # Kz# =~H} O =#O^ q`` O OQ< k O ^x A JO\~.
g q+ O <HC _ J> JxOk. JO^K` =O^Q g q=~= è* O_.
=Ou: F ~H! W`_ H~`~[ =. ~ 'qH==~A. <# W`x =O`
=Y_#.D ~[ [ H== Hi h=O\ OH =# Ô_OK\xH
L^" D ~u" W@ =KO. ''^+tH}t+~H} J##k ~A H~=" H^!
W\ = ^~O LH "= ^~+=`=. JO^H D = `=O`!
H~\: F qH=~*! h =Ou |k H"_x < JxOk. W`x
J#iOK D J~~ u " W@ =z < |_=. W\" xx =OuQ @H<"q\?
h"q~A=? L`= =Ou LO>< ~A Hi=O`_`_x h è^ Uq?
~A# J#iOK [ _ LO\~. ''^~* `^* Jx Hk H^!
~ Jk J\ LOK. h XH q+O `?

10.
= *#=O^ 'P`*#= L`"`="#k H^! ~AOî_
P`*#= Hey#~A =`" L`" `= _x JxOKHO\_. 'PÀ_ J~#\
=Ou =`" ^~^$+K ~A#, ~[=# H_ '' HeyOKQ_.
''P`*#= # '~[q^ Jx_ JO\~. J\ P`*#= H` ~A
=^$+` =iOK@O JO=O.
F Lù H~}O G 435
'P`*#O J#|_ ~[q^ Z~Qx ~A ~* H_. P =Ou =O` H_.

J\ P`*#= g~ Z~Q^~? Ziy LO>, g~ ^#. JC_ g~ <
=# =< O^Q~.
P`*#= Z~QO_< rqO> =Ò g~.... g ~[=#, g [,
H=, JO`^H ^xH.... gg~ _ J#~=# HQ*HO@#"~=`~.
g~ *# HH`=Ò, < "#~O q=# qOy < PHe f~HO\#.
F ~[ =O`~! WC_ <# Hx J_Q`#. g~ W=
=^< < `$x HeyOK.... XH a_ `# èH u`"#@ g~ _
< u``~. ^, WH ~=#"q\ g~ W\H QOz LO_e!
F `~! <# J_Q KHQ, #=O ^$+ @Hx,
x~OQ, q=~<~HOQ =^#O W=O_. ''h H~= xt`"#> Jx
=Ou KKQ eH_ H^! J#Q, < H~ OK#x g~ 'u[ K#>!
g=O\ L`= J#=@ `C`~? WH < ^K ^Q q#O_.

^~xH ''XH> J~#\H, Lk^ O K` =`" J<H= Q H#|_K#^k?

=Ô JOMHOQ H~@= z ~#@, U ~=}= D J<H
|O_=h z ~<~?
'#= H#\ PH= Uk?
''xk J~#\H, LxHx Hey#^k?
WO`H <<=~?
g Wî# LO_ LO@, ''JO J# ==# Hey LO@#^k?
`# #__, H^H LO@#^k?
`# 'Qu (Direction) x x~kOKHO_<, XHK@ ~OQ LO@#^k?
Jk K`# =" , Hx, XH ^ |O_~~Q Z@ H^ O_ LO\Ok. J^q\?
''z^H= #O^ D qz`"# [Q`h zuOKK#^=~?
UH=#O^_ `#~=# U=Ò `lOK#\^k?
`# Jy J~=#\H, ^#H H L#\^k?
Jk =Q Jy HH~#\H, ^x #O_ x~O`~O HO L`#=Òk.
Jk Uk?
436
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
`# <~`_, D==# HtO*K#"_=_?
KO^, ~, Jy, #H`= HO> qH}"#\ H= Hey#\k Uk?
KK@ Jk q+"H^. Hx Jk ^$+H `=. J#Q, K_\xH `<
H~}"#k. J^q\?
K@#, fQ#, @ Q_"ix, WOk= x"ix, `k`~ ~r=#
HtO*#k Uk?
D PH= "^#"\x L`#O K#"~ Z=~?
Jx\H _ ''` HQ*#^=~?
D [QÒ` ZO^ L#k?
[QÒ` xO_#^k?
D [Q` ""xH U^ L#k?
pH\ x _ HtO*^k?
L#k xk _ J~# J}= Uk?
JÒ` ^~OQ#, JÒ` gOQ# LO_k Uk?
Q =~`== LO_ J}= Uk?
x"+~" [xq+= (minutes) ~=Q Hey#^].... `< XH
'H= ~=# _ LO_^k?
`HOQ L#\H, #> `Kk Uk?
K`#= J~#\H ''Wk JK`#= Jx x~~O|_QeQk Uk?
"== iOKQey _, "~= Hxk Uk?
|~"#\H, J|" LO_k Uk?
JO` '`< J~ LO_, Un Hxk Uk?
'JO =<~OQ'J#O =<~OQ.... D ~O_ q^Q XH~
LO@#^k?
XH<H\ L#k. Jk r=x ~=# "~#k H^. Hh, J^q z`",
J\ J#=O D r=# J<H [#x `=K` =`" aOk. Uq@k?
Uk aOz# `~ "`, WH JO` qOz# = HQ* #kQx, " # kQx,
H~`y#kHx LO_^ Jk Uk?
^xH ~= Z\H aOKO_< LO\O^.... Jk Uk?
F Lù H~}O G 437
q+ Q=Oê PHK, `# iOz#\ K@< `# "#

^x= QOKK, `HO "`Òk. `#`< qiOKHO\Ok. Jk Uk?
"~~ `=# _ `#O^ î OKK, uH=# `$}OQ K" # k
Uk?
^xx J=HOz#O`=ÒK` D [Q^ =~=O` XH z#" _ #$`==
OQ `KQ^?
Q~`= _ "tOKQeQ J}= Uk?
`# JÒ`H;`= `lOKO_<, "~= HO> _ JkH"# `=
Hey LO_k Uk?
XH "O@HH H= =O`HO> _ H;OQ LO_, J^ =O J#O`H\
[#= q~O qiOz LO_k Uk?
H=# JO^H~=# _ =H~K#k Uk?
'=$u ` _# *#=O` J LO@#k ZO^?
JÒ` P#O^==, ~zH~= J~LO__.... D 'f "^# ~=
H L#\k Uk?
= ^~= qH}" L#\H, Jx\H P`" LO_k Uk?
`##`# PKkOKHH ~#\H, D [Q`#O` PKkOz"#k Uk?
Z^xHK` D [QÒ` =O_ `~" "K#k?
`# J==~`"#\H, D ="# H, H, ''`#" J~L#^k?
J<H H=, =H= _ Z^xH XH xq+=Ò _ HO_
LO@<~?
`# ^~xH Lù J##^ H LO\Ok. Hx, ^x #O_ $+HO
'[Q` J< =$HO Pq~qOk. Jk Uq\?
HO D '[Q` JO` J+=~~ ~OKk ZO^?
=] c[= `^#O`~ ==$HO ^y L#k. J^qÔQ D H=, D
$+, D [Q`, h=, <# D =Ou "^# K=`~=O` ^y L#k ZO^?
Z\ [#=Qx, H~ $`= Qx H~#\H Jx\H ''H~ J~
L#"_=_?
XH<H ''^+ LO_ L<_. J`_ `# Ja+# J#iOz Q^~=
438
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
kOK@Q#, `#H ~=< ^$=Q îO*K<_. J`_ Z=~?
|OQ~= `#O^ ''Q LOQ~= QA "^# P~}`=
HeyL#k H^! J^qÔQ, ''^$=^~#=^+.... J#|_ u\x `#O^
=HHiOKK#k Z=~?
XH ==Ô L#k. JO^ [OQ< JOMHOQ `~OQ L<~.
J~`, P =Ô `~OQh [OHO> "~#q H^H^! J\Q D H<=
[Q`h XH<H^xHO> U=Ò "~#q H=. Jk Uk?
`~O Q= =^=HO> "~ # =#@ Jx LO\~. Z=x H~# J#iOz
D ^$ [Q` JO` J`xH "~#^x= JxOK@O [~QÒk?
[= HO>, =^= HO>, ^=`= "~? H^H^! J\Q, D ^ ÒK
=O` _ Ju H;"# U Jkf==# "~ HO_< LO_#k?
XHz# q`# O `#O^ ==$H `` =O` î Oz#k H^! D uH=h
^+^~#^$=` _<~. `J` ~"<~. J\ D
uH=# ~^ `#O^ îOz#k Z=~?
`q+`=~=# ~=` _# D q^[Q*=O` U
=~i` ==#O^ ZC_ u Hey#k?
Lù ~`=Q U == `# UH~=# `lOKO_< qH~=Q D
[Q` JQK#k?
c[= =$H= Q#, =$H= c[=Q# JQ@, J> `k`~ ~ ~ =#=
H~}" LO@#k Uk?
^x=HO '"~~ Ò =O\ = #=_ XH H==x XH Ò`==
Ju"# ^x= JQK#k?
Uk `#O^ H@Hk |O_=_ XH~ Hey#k?
Lk ^= ^$ (due to different adjuncts) J<H K`#=` D q=#
qiOK#k Z=~?
^xHH =OK`< h=, D =Ou_ P = ==~=
KHQ x~iOKQQ`<~? =iOKQQK<~?
^xx XHi îOK=.... WH =#=O` x~"# |kx Ok#"~" J^xx
`, WOH^xx `KH LO\O?

F Lù H~}O G 439
F ~*! < h q<=H^! <# zÒux O^@Q# J\ == H

'q+= QiOz q=~}~HOQ KO_.
g ` `~ O ` <x O =O` `yQ^x <# J#HO@<#. Z=_`
D O=# `yOK@ _ LO__, J\"_ Jq^` _H#"_ H^!
J\"_ JO_`_. F |k=O`~! < Oh x"iOK=x =~ =~
Ji<#.
P q+"n g W\=~ U=Ò èÔ\~? gi^~ < P~O
J=O_. q=# HOz# `~"`, g ~[=x [#_ qOy"#.
H#H < =^#qz, `^~ g [# H_HO_. P`*#
# Q^ LO_ Uq O? JÔ` "i q<#= HkH JQK#k=!
JO^K` g~ H#H 'J*# J~LO>, PHeK kO|_K# <# q=#
P~yOK@ ^+O Uq LO@Ok? LO_^ H^!

D qÔQ QOc~OQ eH P ~H =#O =OzOk. XHi P JO^H~~}O
JO` x|O Ò_qOzOk. ~A, =Oè^~ JÒ` P~O` P h q<~.
=neQ =Ou XHz~#= #q, P W@ ``~q=Q_.

11. =Ou =^#O ''P` H ~ "

=Ou : F ~H! h h ZO` ^Q q<O. h=h JÒ` P~H~"# .
P =*#O aOK@O "= Q=xOK=. ""xH h KQ
iJ~# =^#O =<"K H\ OK|_kH^. J~` P`*#, G=
==i#f~Q J#=" x~} J~L# =^#O KK<#. q#.

h H L`"`==K#=K ''~=` QiOK è=. P ~=` <#,
h=, =i D ~O_.
D =~=#H}O_ JÒ` H;" "K#k. XH q`#O
''=+=PH=HO_=" q+` q`.... "^#
==~=O` LO_L#@, 'z` J}=#O^ '`J` ~=Q D [QÒ`
440
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
iOk. J\ P ^= Z\H ZH_ L#kH^. JOîH D H}=x
P`~= J^. J#H}O ur=_ Jk J~L<_. $+ "^\ u
Hey#k J^H>. JO^K`, =^~= ^xO^ ` O^K<~.
~= ~~= ~~`=! : P ~=` ~=. JO^K`,
WH^xH "#Ô@ Un ^. Jk PH=. J~` Jk [_= H^. Jk
~^ ^=, ^+~`= _. ^ K`#=Q Jk D PH= HO> "~#k_.
J#O`=Q P 'z` J}= D uH"# WOk=K îOK|_*^. WOk
'Jq+ = J~LO_@OK` ''Jk ~~ `= Jx K |_Òk. JO` `#~"
JQ@K ''~~= _. ^$= ^xO^ ^. JO^K` ''J~= J#@O
_ =O[".
QKiOKÔ` J^ Hx JQK~O! : ~= `< J~L#k. Uk HO_<
L#k. <# Ò_Q, ^~xQ, q`xQ, =xQ =~xQ W@ J<H=Q
J< OKK......., g\ U XH\ HO_< L<# H^. Wk _ J\^.
XH |OQ~=#O^ J<H ~H=# J~}= LO@_, |OQ~==Ò
=~ O_ ^suQ< LO_LO\Ok H^! P f~Q< XH K` # = J#OÒ Y#
L^ uaOaOK@K a#a#=Q QKiOk. ~=H~=Q P
z^}" Jx\x HtO*Ok. JÒ`H;", WOk= H`= (object of
perception) H*#k. JO^K` JH`=. ~~=, ~~= J^
J~#\HJk WOk= QKiOKk H^.

#= ~"H=! : ~=`~=Q P ^= =~`=Q@K
''#=. J~## Jk ~ P`~" L#kH^!.... J^xx '#=
Jx Z\ J#QO? Z=~< `##`< ''<# #. <# #=# Jx Z\
x+kOKHQ_, KC? U HK qKiOz< ~ ''` J` J=Ò^? ^.
Hi `# "#K <Q" "Oz LO@Ok H^! (JO`@ "Oz
LO@#k. ^=Q P` Jk. Jk u XHi ~=.)
UH= J<H=! : D WOk=$`K z^" (H P`) J<H ~=Q
J#= =Òk. JO`_ Jk =`" . J~`, Jk ^K ` # =`" , WOk=
Jf`=Q ``", P WOk=# H*#k, Jiz#" LO_ LO\Ok.
JO^K` Jk =iOHn QO_< LO\Ok. P ~=` ~^ UH" J~L#\H,
LkÔ K` J<HOQ `KK#k. ~ P`~= J^H#H, D [Q`#
î#k J^. '[Q` J< ~Ò L#\ > P ~=`. P K`#==Ô
F Lù H~}O G 441
''[Q` J< `~OQ P=~= = (Circles or Revolutions) =H=`<~.

#== J=! : J@ WOk =# aOKH, ''#=?
Jx qìOK|_K# P ~= ` "" xH ''#= " J~LO\Ok. P`H` ~=K
`#O^ aOKK#k. Hx, aOKH L#k. ZO^HO\"?
U 'J#q H< (Experiencer) J`x HO> "~#k =`" aOK@O [~QÒk.
J`x HO> U=Ò "~Hxk J`xH ''aOK@ Z\?
""xH Jk ZC_ aOz L#k. ''Jk PH~= J~ L#\H,
#= =Ò H^ Jx *# H\ <~.
''<#h=<khk JO`_ ''`<! : F ~H! J^ ``` H`~=K
<# P`< J~L<#. h ~=# "QK#k_ <<. J~#\H, ~=iH
^$+K P` <k H^. hkH^. =~=in _H^. <#, h=, J`_ W`k
==~=O`\ H P= Jk L#k. Jk H=O '^ ~O =`". ''h= <#
J`_ J< ^==O` J\ H=~=Q PÒ^ L^qOz ~OKK#k.
Jk =`" `#O``#Q JO`\ "QK, D ~=# O*K#k. P``
UH`= OkOz# x~ $^= Jk W\HC_ J#==Òk.
x= "H=! : P ''^ K`#" PH== J<H [#=
"Oz#k. Jx" KeOKK< ~^ KeOKO_< LO\Ok. XH_ `#
=#O^ H< =OK` `# $^ =#O^ "k" q~ O , JOMH" #
^~=# =# îOKK<_ H^! D =# `KK# q~=h P
'z`== #O^ LO_L<~. WH, J^x K#= q+"q@O\"? Jk ~`
"OzO_@K, Jx" OKi L#\H ~ = Q< LO_LO\Ok. `#H
z^H Q~=#O^ ~^ H^ HeyO_, U =Ò K#= H
LO\Ok. O^`y# ^=O` ^xO^ LO_O_@K WH Jk Z@ ^.
XHè `# '@
HO^ # LOKHx, P H~ "` K#^#H .... HO`\ H
P @< L#^x Q=xOz#C_ H`Q Ok#k UO L#k? D r=_
""xH P`=" J~LO_Q WH J\ P`== XH\H U^ x~iOz P
O^@=<k ZH_ LO@Ok?
~H H xk! : XH O_ =`#\, ^xx XH K@#O_ =~HK\H
f=#H.... P O_x PH=# ~HH LO\? LO_=.
P` _ Q=<Q=#= =. = ''^HH#h (Space - time -
Imaginations) [~QK#q. `#O^ J~LO_Q, WH Z\, Z@ Q^? ^$O`=
442
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
h H ". h O H#|_ q~"# ^=, ==, = hH
H# K`< îOK|_KO_Q, JO^ h= XHK@#O_ =~HK\H =@ Uq\?
[_= K`#= H~ $`~`=!
P K`#= XH<HC_, ''D [_=Q ^" <# J# ~=Q Òx
''^ (Cogitation) Hey LO\Ok. JC_ Jk z`=# Ok#@, [_=Q J~#@
=## îOk. JO^K`<, ''P` [_= K`#= _ Jx K|_K#k.
H~ JH~ H JH! : P z^= ~uO^ _ ""#k. Jk
XH |O_~~Q '= #= Jx K |_Ok. J<kJ#O`= J~#\ 'z^H=
J# Q tO^ D '~HO=~HO `HO J#|_ qz`=#
tQ=# z`~_Q ~=` zuOKK<_. J~` P uH=
==~=O` q^, H# =`" =! t HxOK P tY#=O` t
"~#k H^ H^! t tu _ tQ< LO_ LO\Ok. J> ''WH_ Uk
$+OK|_@ ^. WÔ` JH$`". J#Q, nxH Z=~ 'H~ _ J# "H=
_ =O[= JQK<~.
'Jy H `, `k`~ `= ` _ P`` Jn#" LO\Ok. WH
P`, ~" H^! D [Q`# HtO*k P`. Hx Jk JyQ =~H
^xx ÔKk H^. P P`K`#= ^n=#", H=O`", PH= =
x~" LO\Ok. J@ LO_Q< J^x#O_ [#H Q Jy, `k`~ `*O
L`#=`<~.
^xx iOKQeQ^n ^ .... Hx JO`\ H #O J^! : P` ~<=
=. J#=~=Q P P` KO^~^#_ HtO*K#k. J\
P` H H=# '=HO`= _ $tOK= . D uH" # <`^
= H#\ J#= ~=Q P P` $Ô n== Ht, ="#
`k`~ H= '` # HQ* Ok. O *u~=..... WOk=#
Jf`= .... J~#\ P` #O_ ''h=, <#, `k`~ [Q` J# H=O` L`#=Q
K#k. n "`~ == H#|_K#@, P` H LxHK` D ^=
WOk= J#=O HQÒk. K@#, fQ# _ +OKk P ~=
H~=, J#==`= JQ P`.
JO` L#k J^xO^.... Hx ^xH ^x`_ O|O^" ^. J^xO^
[Q` r= J#|_"g =. ^~}O Jh JQ_K#\H, ^~}O U
== ^H^! O`~` ==` ^$+ eH ^H^!
F Lù H~}O G 443
F P`~}! J#= ~=Q PÒ^ D ''^ HH ^, [Q` `

_ LO_ L<x H; |kH è=KK#k. =# ^$+` KCHO>
~=` D [Q` Ò_ J~ XCK<_. Jx\H H~H= J`_. Hx
~=~ ^$+` Kz#C_ ... J`_ i^`_ JQ@K Uk HH, ^xH
O|OkOKO_< LO@<_.
[Q`~}=[Q`~=! : P ''z` J}= `# J}`=# U=Ò
`lOKO_< D ''q[Q` J# ~`=# îOk. =, P =#
^+" L#\ h= P *=O` K L#\H- JO^ HxO\x `l# \H
x# h= `lOK@ [~QÒ^? ^H^! JO^ h= #K Y^Y=,
OQqQ= J#q#\H, P = `@_K#Ô` h HO>
"~#^n H^. D ^$ [Q` q+O _ J\^! J~` ""xH ''^+^$=
^~#= ... J# ~=` `KK# D [Q` ^=Q PÒ^ <^. '=i
D [Q` L#^H_? Jx =#O ik, Wk P`< L#k Hx, =iOHH_ ^.
Jx _ `K#k. = h< L#kHx, P =#O^ h= = H^! h"
P ~K< ==~= HO`\ H H~=. JO> Uq\? hO^, h", h H#K (H)
TK P =# P suQ îOKK<=. J~`, i^=Q P` ~=Q
Q hO^ `=Q D =*=O` ZH_O@Ok? LO_^.
Jkf~ x`|O! : P`== # OÔ> JkH" # Ò J=~= Q
K#k. JO^K` ''Jk H+ ^ O Jx JO@<~. ^$+K ZO`Q "uH< aOK^
H#H ''`= Jx KCK<~. z<` ~" Jk H#H ''*u~ u (Jk
"QH "Q) Jx J#@O_ =O[". Jk WOk= JO H#H
''JÒ`^~OQ L#k Jx K|_Òk. Jk ^+ H^! JO^K` JO`
g= L#k =~H>n ^ J# =@ "=" JQK#k. h 'hH< "~k
g=# L#k KC? Jx ==# ''... <# ...<# ... J# ~=#
Jk `H=Q< L#k H^! JÒ` H;" JÒ` h`"_ L#k J^.
D ''<# J##k LO_xk ZC_?
~}! : [Q` H ~}!
F z^#O^ ~}! ^$=#" H#|_ D [QÒ ` ''z`= H OH$`" #
~} =`" =! H#H D H#|_ ~`=, q, h=, <# "^#
==h `= U=Ò H=. H#K h`"# '^$+ H~}OQ W=h D
qÔQ r=# `KK<~. ~= H#` _# ^$+ H ~=#" J~
444
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
LO_Q, WH XH J}~=#O^ XH =~`= H '` kOK@ P~O
Uq LO@Ok?
H= HfÒ! : P` ''H}= _ Ht<, Jk 'xq+=
Jx, 'H= Jx _ HeO*Ok. L^~}, J<HH@ " ^~O L#
XH<H #Q~O H}O =##O^ OKK#k H^! 'H= JO`\ H=x
H#x\h D P` `#O^ XH xq+O uO*Q^. XH z#
x~^~}O q#Q~=## _ `#O^ uaOaO*H^. J\Q, XH
xq+= ''J<H H= _ O=". D ''xq+= H= "^#=h
XH<H q^`=# P~Oz Hu H "# J}=< LO_ LO@<~.
WH J^x O^ '^ `=UH`= D ~O_ O==. q^^$+H Uk U
~OQ<< OKQ^. XHx 'TH# O^ Uk Z>< LO_Q^ H^!
WO^ =# ^$O`= ''=. ZO` HO uOz# `~"` _
OqOKxk, O H}HO OqOk. iO^=~A XH ~u
O_O_ O=`~Q `K@O [iyOk. ^YO` kO|_"xH HOK= H=
_ JÒ` n~O Q `KK#k. Y= J#q OK"xH n~H O _ H=
= Q_zÒk. zH_"iH J<H ~A W> Q_z`<~. ''Hk =O
n~OQ#, ~OQ# LO_@O, n~HO `~`~Q Q_z=@O J< D ~O_
q+ =# u XHiH D HH rqÒ _ J#==QK#"!
|OQ~=#O^ ''D D P~}= "~ "~ Jx `KK#k H^! J>,
K`#=#O^ _ D `J`= ~=# Q x=O` U~_Òk. D
J<H r= ~O`, ``=` _#^ HtOK@ J^x K=`~= =`".
F K`#~! ~=~ ^$+O^ ''xq+=H= Qx ''^~=^Q~ Qx,
< =. ''z` J}= #O^ LO_ L#\ z`= H =$` a#a#=Q
Hx# qq^ ~=` _# D ^$[Q` H~}=QK#k. ~= ^xK
J=îOK|_Ò^.... J\ Jk#=Q K`#=#O^ 'H= JO^H~=,
'^~= ^Q~, '[_= K`#= "^~#=h J~HOQ OHeOK|_,
J#qOK|_K<~.
`HO J`HO! : ~Ok= 'P` Hx kOk. H#H, Jk
~^ (P^~-~OQ) `H= J~ LO_< L#k. J~` Jk WOk^
Z^~Q `H" LO_@^. H#H ''Jk J`H"#k Jx J#@O _ i. P
P` XH " ^+ (Seer) J~ , ^", LO_ LO\Ok. J^ =O
F Lù H~}O G 445
=~H" ^$" HtOKK OKK#k. J~`, ''Z^~Q xz#\ D

^$= ` " J# |k L#O`=~ ''z`~|k U~_@^ . t=# KK"_
'Wk t J< ^$+ Hey LO__ H^! P~}=# KKK#C_ ''g\ Jx\
L#k XH~H"# '|OQ~= =`" J< q+O U=~@ O^Òk. |OQ~=
J# ^$+` K ''J<H P~ } = J# ""O LO_^ . D ^$=# O|OkOz#
OH=h H}OK@O [iy#C_ `#` D H#|_ ~O^,
~=#O^ '^|= XH> "Oz#@ ^$_OQ è=KK#k.
` J`! : P` ~H "= ~" LO_ LO_@K Jk '`.
J~`, Jk XH == HO_@K, Jk ^~H "# ''J` _! H^~K~`
<@HOx O@## ~z, J`_ =Ò H^Q=#O (H) `~ JQOK#@,
P` WOk= Z^~Q JQOKH=@OK` 'J` _ JQK#k.
Jk ZC_ K`#~}Q< L#k. PÒ^ D q+=, J#==
"^#=h LO_@ JO=O. Z\ J#==, =~, K~, ^x O^
LO_=. H#H ''P` JK`#"#k Jx _ JO@<~. WH D [Q` q+O
Uq@O\", Wk z` (Absolute Awareness) 'Z~H HeyO_@ J# ``= H
K=`~O =`". z` ~}" nx ~=. JO^K`, ''[Q`# K`#" xiOK
K#k J#@ =Ò Z\? ~H~} = ''=$Q`$ +
Oê [OQ Hx # C_,
''~H~} == qO*@H J\ x x~i<~ Jx J#Q=? ~
H~} H~ $Ò PkOKQ=? ^! J, =$Q`$+ H#|_\xH H~}O Uq\?
1) ^+ Oê J*# ^$+
2) ~H~}= =^"# ~}
'J^ `= q ~= J~# z^" D [Q`~OQ '=# K
O^|_K#k.
'~Q= J#Q Uq\? 'H~}= Jy H OQ" ~Q=
~=# =# Ok H^! 'H= H~}= HO_ ~# "~#
J`"H_? <`"H_? D ''xq+=H= "^# "\` _# [Q`
_ |=#O^ HeOK|_#^ OKK#k. ~H~}= OQO H~}OQ
PHO =~= U~_#C_, Jk K#"i HO^~ J*# ~ ''F!
PH=x D ^ = # Z=~ |OQ~=` `" ~ J#HO\~. J*#~
=`" J@ JxOk H^! J*xH =`" Jq^ H =O K` D [Q`
`H" Z^~Q xKK#k. *xH WÔ` |=Q< è=KK#k.
446
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
""xH |=#O^ (^~=#O^) ''z` Z~Q#k, K`= Z~Q
|_#k J# ^" ^x qA#"~ QOKK<~.
O H#|_ ==, = `"\ J=`~? J~` ^+ =Ò
P =O J=h `" J~#@ J#==`<~. JO^K` D [Q`_ ==`"#x QOK@O LzÒ.
D qÔQ, ''D [Q` q^ Jx zOK # =~ =~ zOu
LO_e. W@ H=OQ J ~Q... J\ ''=== H z`= x~Ò
O^` LO@Ok. H=H=OQ 'Jq^ JO` #tOzÒk. JC_H +OK#k
z^H O^~<#OÔ =`". J\ z^H#O^= Oz# WH D O~^
Y= =KH< qyeO_^.
Q_ |q~" # PH=# ^ = O@ Ug ^ . J~` =i D H#|_Ô `
Uq@O\"? ^ O Q HxOKÔ ` He`= =`" . |^=x #O_ XH z#~Q
=~ a#a# J#= ~=Q ~_ _ L#Ô` H## J#iOK U~_K#k.
J\ H# P ^+ "~#k H^. HeOK"_ HO_ H# "~ J`"H_?
Jiq`= ~`H=! : ~H= iOKK# K@ ^~}",
=} LO>, Jq _ Ht LO\~H^! z^H= #O^ z`H=
K`< D H=h Ht<~. 'J^ `=, Jiq`= J~#\ z^" `#
H K=`~=K a#`= HQ*Q H H^, W@ ^ `=Q `KK#k.
J@ U~_K# D ^ `=O` _ ~=# Jk#"#\ |= HO>
U=Ò U H}O# a#"#k H^. c[= =$H= H ``=O` (P,
=, H , HO_ = , " " ^ # ==O`) " O z #@
~" `= =Q P`H" ~ ~ ` ~`H" "Oz#k. XH c[= `#O^
a<a#~=# =$HqQ ``=# Hey L#@Q, x~H= =O\
|=#O^ JOMH=# [Q` q<= Hey LO@<~. ''D [Q`
J#|_#k JÒ` H;"#\ |=#O^ L#@ J#==Q@ Jx~KhO,
JqK~} H eÒ Jx *# =# è*<~.

F ~H! '|= XH\ =`" ~^, `" "K#k. ^xH Pk=^

JO`= =. Jk ~=O`", [<kqH~= #\Ô_#k. Z=~`
F Lù H~}O G 447
D =#, D = H H~=# ~Ò KQQ`~ J\"~ =`"

P |=# J#=~HOQ O^QQK<~. =#=O` uOK=#k
J^x H~H =! Jk UH~=x, Q}~`=x, x~=x, J^ `~=x,
x~@OHOQ JO`\ "Oz#^x *# =zOKK<~. ^ =#=Q
D ~A, < _ Jk J#=Q=QK#k.
^~xH J^x O^ ''<#h=~A=~u~H "^# H# U=Ò
=. P |" <#, h=, D ~A J~ L<=.
F "# ~H ! h JÒ` L`= ==< =^#OQ z<~.
*#= Hey#\ L`= =`" J^x q+" J@ tOKQ~. '~= q*#
~=O K`< h= JO`\ L`= "QeQ=.
h x\H =^#O UHsuQ XH> J~ L#k.
''Jk <=~~`= : ====Q =#O, =# O H~ J^xx
'|= JO@<O. Jk ''=#Oî H Jkf=Q, z^#O^ q+ i`=Q
P`.

H~\ : P! J"O! F =Of! h= < Wz# =^#O L`="# J~O

Hey#k. D r=xH, ~ ^Y=# #tO*Q q+=< Q~ K#k.
q`=! qH==~*! WC_ g "H=$`=# Qx < L#k. <
g~ Kx qOz#k < =K K =#^x Ji < #. i < #.

12. qH=~A =^#O ''P` L#K@

F P`~ ! q#.
D r=# =_ J= LO@<~.
1) *Q`,
2) =,
3) +
D =_ q^=# J=O^ OzH"# =$`# ~Ò K"@K`<
''`s= J#|_ Pù HQK#k. = OH= `yOK|_#C_
J\ 'P`x+ OKQ^.
448
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
Z=x H OH=# O|OkOz# OHKqH=K D [Q` H
$+ Oq<... J\ ~=` QiOz U=x Ke? ''P K`#
Q"#_ '"H Jf`_ Jx "Ô` G=K ukOK|_K#k.
|= `J`, J#Q LO_@O_@ J##\ ==~uH, #
J#= qH}", Jx~Kh" XCK#k. D ^H iK^=K OK
K#Ô` J^...! J~#\H, Jk ^H= Hey#\k H^. ^x O^
D ^H^ =. D K~K~ [Q` JO` =+ r=~_Q P ~}Q~x
z`= H b =`" ! H#|_Ô ` ` J` , z`[_= Ok~ = =`" !
F =OQ ~}! D q~=# OKK## U`` O H UH~ ` =
# O QO "\^ J\ `` x G= '|= Jx < ~. J\ ~ |=
QiOK h= tOK=.
'z` J}= "~#=O Ok`, =~H}O OuK "= H
OqOk. J~`, ^ K`#=Q |=#O^ "~^ =. J>, Jk
|~=# qOz#C_ OuK U~_K# =< =ÒK` ''|=#
O^K#k. Hx '|= J#|_#k ~~= HO> "~#k=! D qÔQ
=` _# ~= ` == JQK#k. Hx ^~ = ^$ Un HO_<
LO_ LO\Ok.
=\` J<H PH~= K#C_, P PH~=h =\. PH~^ Z^~Q
H#|_K#k x[" H=K. J~` UO? =\ =\Q< LO_ LO\Ok H^! '=\=^
=\= J# =@ =#O KCO@<O. "\ H J~O '=\K =^
=\K = (`$f qH) Jx =`". =\H PH~"H_k? ~H=O`=Q
K`#" JOH~^Q H#|_K#k. J~#\H Jk JOH~^Q =~@
^ =! Jk ~^ JOH~ ~`=Q ^ K`#=Q< +Oz LO\Ok.
J~`, P`*#O aOK@O H+^" JQK#k. J<H `=K =`"
Jk O^|_K#k. 'P`*#= J# O Ok# `~"`, WH ^xH qOz#
O JO@ Un LO_^. =J*#O (root cause of ignorance) `Q#O`=~,
'P`^ HQ#O`=~ D O~= q[$Oa< LO@Ok.
F ~H! x~H~=Q P` H~~= =Oz W@ ^$=Q OK
K#k. J#Q, D r=_ `< D ^$", `#O^ `< 'x=Q_ JQK<_.
Hx, J*# H~}OQ J`_ P q+= Z~Q@^. Z_ix ZO_==
[= L#> LO@Ok KK"? r=_ D ^$[Q` # HeOKHx JO^ =* =
H~, q+Q=H~ `# ^$+x iOKK<_. eÒQ, `# ~=#
F Lù H~}O G 449
U=~KK<_. J#Q, `# P`# `< u~iOKK<_! KK"! ~r= H

~" J~ L#\ P z` J}" XH<HC_ D '[Q` J#|_ ^xx "
=i K =~=# ^xx O QOKK#k. =~HC_ ~
*#=K uH=# `$}OQ îOKK#k. D K`<}= `#O^
Ukq LO>, J@ qOKK#^x< =# QOKK#k =!
H=_ `# OHeOK x =# =<=ÒQ QOz, PeOQ#O
KHO\_ KK"! Wk _ J\^. ~H=O`_Q P ~=` Pk$+ O^
U qÔQ =H=`_ ... P qÔQ< `# OH= #O^ JujOQ ~=#
O^K<_. <=~~`_Q P `Q` "@"^@ ''=+$+ <K
îOK|_ QH J#|_ H~ $`= =OKK#C_ Jk ''$ kQ #k.
` Q` [Q` # WKK îOK@" $ k. J\ ''^= $+ J# H~ $`=#
''~}Q~_ J# ~ G= WK~. XH ^$O`= q#. XH _ U
==<` Z@ ''Wk < = H ''Wk < J= J# suQ (J\ ^$+K)
QOKK<_ .... P P@ == "^#q J> LO@<~ H^! J^
qÔQ K`#= q+O _ [~QÒk. J#Q...... =<~=` =H"#
~=` O^ U ^~= UUqÔQ =<~HOQ OKK<
K`#= J^xx J> QOKK#k. P 'z` J}" ^H= ~=# JO`\
xO_ #k. D ''<#h=D =Ou D ~ $+ u =x`"# [Q`
WÔ` z` ~=}= H ~".
D r=x H "=~" J~L# P z^= ~Qq (All pervading),
J<k (Pk xk) _! P ~=` J#|_K#^xH 'PH~= JO@ ^.
PH~" x ^xH iqu Uq LO@Ok. JO^K`, J#O`q~OQ "Oz#k.
J#O`"# == ~O_ Z\ LO\~? ~O_=k LO> Jk "^\ ^x H
'JO`= x~t#> J=Òk H^! JO^K` J^xH ~O_=k J##k ^. WO^H
*# ''Jk Jkf= Jx KCK<~. Jk J"= _ (It is not
related to anything).
HeyO_@O HtO*@O! : WH D H#|_ [Q^$= q+xH =,

WÔ` JÒ` K=`~"#^< Ke. ZO^HO\"? XH H=_, ^~_
J~#"_ ''H H^ @ "^# PK+ K J=~ # # =~ K HO@

XHi [Q= "ex_ Hi eH Q#K #=^<
H~HQ# HOx <`= #i Ô`<. Jx J#@ =O W^!
Q=`= Q*O^ "H= 8.34
450
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
LO\_H^! D [Q` _ ~`=, `$}= "^# J<H ^~=`#,
K+`#, O@#`# _HxO@#k. J\ D [Q` ^z` H=#
`#== X#~Hx, <@O P_OKK#k. WÔ` 'K=`~O HH =iOH=<e?
J~` K`<~=Q P P`=" =Q [Q`# QOKK#k. ^+
LO>< H^, ^$=! ^+ H ^$+x J#iOK ^$= LO\Ok. Uk U"`<O?
''D =#O^ K_|_K# [Q` JO` P z^= P qÔQ `#O^ J@
Hey#k Jx *# Q=xOKK<~. ^+H ~=Q P` D
[Q`# HeyO_, nxx i"+OKK, HtO*K#k.
iK^~Ò ^$O`= JfÒ! : XH "O@Hx z@z=i Q
J}=x H= QOHO> _ JÒ` HuH;" # P P` == '^ H
= iK^= x^ J~ L#k. JO^K` Jk ''J= J#|_Òk. ^xx
=@ H\ OK=. J~`, U" Hx ^$O`= ^~ P P` == QiOz
=#O KCO@<O. ^*#" ~=Q Hey#\ P 'P`K`#= Z\
== (Example) `_ x~OKO. "K` Qx, P |=K`Qx,
WOk=K`Qx KC@ JqH^. Jk J#==`" #k. XH ^
HO_ XH ~=}=.... D ~O_O\ x~}=# _O Z\?
=` _Hx L#\H 'z^= #O^ J}`=^. h ''|OQ~=
P~}= # ^$O`=Q fHO^= JO>... P` Z\ "~# PH~=#
_ O^@ ^. Jk xi=, OH= HO> _ =#=O^ LO_ L#k.
~=# P^~"#k. UH` J<H`= U=Ò O|OkOz#k H^. U
== Jk H^. J\ P P` ==# P ^$O`=` Z\ H\ OKQO?
'J}`= =`= W`k =@h ~=` O^ He` =K< J=`<~.
h H, < H, J> ` q+`x u ^+H [_-K`#=` _#
`~= P ~=`. ^+`=# P= L#\ ^+H ~" P`H
~=. JO`Hx, P` J#Q ZH_ L#\k H^. =~\H aOK##k H^.
Jx J#== =H~}O! : H=, JO^H~= ~O_# K`#=
#O^ "K#q. JO^ He`"#q. J#= ~"#\ 'P` J#|_ n
H" H`, WH D r= H= JO^H~= J#=" Z#_ HeQk
H^. "iO^ ^= H` J` == ^~#O ^_k H^. ~_
"^# J<H ^~= Hey# D [QÒ` [_" J~ L#k H^! ^xx
HtO*K, J#== O^Q K`#" O>, D [Q`# J#qOK^=~?
F Lù H~}O G 451
H|\ ''P`K` # =-J#|_#^n ^ . J#= = =Ò L<~-J##k JÒ`

JOQ`"# =@.
^*# ~=Q P K`#= `# ~= J~ L# D H=
JO^H~=# `#O^ H# KH#K#k. P K`#" D Z^~QQ [Q`
`# =#O^ L#^x= ""= O^K#k.
F q*# ~! ~H! hK QOK|_K# D '[Q` J#|_#Ô` h
K`< HeOK|_#^, J#qOK|_K#^x QOK.
^$O`xH, ''~KO^Jy H" fHOÔ. Jq [_ ~=Q
'`"#= HO> "~ Ug H^. Z\ JO\"? H= H =~= `.
JO^H~= H =~= '#. "`~ H=@" pH\ . "`~ LO_@"
pH\ H q. [_`^$+` K ...~O_ [_". ''P ~O_\ h 'Wk "`~ Wk
pH\ Jx QOKK#\ '` ~=Q K`#" |= Jx QOK. U
K`#"` ~Q=K [xO K|_K# H=#, JO^H~=# QO^
... J\ K`#= #O_ H\ `=Q ` ~" XH suQ LO\Ok.
P`H =$u D [Q`! : D H#|_ uH"# ~x H=# P`
H H=# U=Ò eH K*=. ~x H= Hx ^=
Hx == iOKK#k. Jk ""xH P` H J#= =#
K`< J`= Ok LO\Ok. Hx, P K`#~_ ~uO|= _`QO_
O`~=O^, tO^, r=^~=x\O^, [_=O^, HtOK
K#k. J^xO^ `=# K> ^. P`H`~= Ok#\ *# D
qq^ Q=` _# [Q` JO`, 'PÒ^ P`Q< è=KK#k.
'uH= Jx K |_K# "\` D ~ = P``[= K`< HtOKK<~.
K`#" D [Q`# #tOKhO_ W@ H~H~}~=# (As effect &
cause) `#O^ =$u HeyO_@ ^~ H\ OKK#k.
~ J#== U~_K#k J^xO^!

''`= H ''J*#= (Ignorance) D [Q^# = O ~=# Ht`" #^x
qA Ziy LO@<~.
'UHH z^" H= H JO^H ~= H ~ O_O\ '` # =H ~ K K#k
Jx H;|kH `H è=KK#k. ` J` _ '` # HQ*#k
P z^". J^xO^ ~ J#== u Hey<~. P z`` JÒ`
452
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
H;"#k J=@OK` ''J<^= Uq J#qOK#\k = HxOz#\H,
~~K `= J^.
K`#= ~"O^# ~[#K J#=~=# JkO|_K< L#k
=! H#H "= KC P z^= uXHiH JÒ` g=#O^ LO_#k.
qq^ [=x ~~=# L#k P K`#". K`#" H `, ~"
kOKk H^.
~ `` `HO ~ `` q^~O! : P ~= ` '^ K` # ~_ J~LO_@K`,
J`_ =H= HO_< LO_ LO@<_. JO^K` ''J`_ ~ = `lOz" <_?
Jx JxOk. Hx ~} =i *H= ~=# ~[Q` P"#"_
J`_.
K`<~=Q P ~|= ~"H=. ~= `< J~ L#k. ''Jk
=iH ^xx JKkOk J#@ =O[O H^. Jk `## `< Z\ PKkOKH
QQÒk? Hx Jk qiOz ~=# H"K, ~= `#O^ îOK
K#k. KQ_ "H == =^ L# U#Q `##`< H#|_O_ P
KQ_ "H =^ ^QHQ^? PH== q"# PH$uQ ~=`
`## `# ^x` HCHQ_?
JOîO^ î`" LO@#k J`_! : JOîO^ î`=QK#Ô`
J`_. J`_ D q=O` "OzO_, H}H}O D [QÒ` ~HOKK<_. D
qÔQ `##`< PKkOKH#*H, [Q`#O` PKkOK@ =H qz`H
=`".
K`# =# P~Oz LO_@K`< D [Q` =#O^ b#" O~~ =#
^y LOk. =~ L`#=QK#k. qH= O^@ [~QÒk.

F ~Hs! D q=O` ""xH 'Z~Q@ J# K=`~= H ~O

=`". JO^K`< G= ''[Q` H "=~= z<`" Jx x~O
K<~.
P z<`=# H, K` "^# J=== =. Hx, ~}
JO`~` J^H^! D J<H =, ^=, <`= Hey#k Jk. XH
_ `# O ''<# =e"_# J# Jx H H#@O [iy#@ D
K`#== #O^ XH xq+= J<H H== `KK#k.
F Lù H~}O G 453
K`# ` H ~} 'Hk ~=# îOz aOKK#k. J#Q, ''D

'[Q` J#|_ J#== O^^#QH J# H## P~OK@ 'Hk
Q K|_K#k.
XH_ `# lOKH ~#\H, `# =#O^, ''<# WC_ lOKK<#.
`$Q `#K<# J# ~=Q J#ux O^K<_ H^! P #=
=O` JO`~OQ=#O^ LO_ L#@ |=#O^ D q^#== HQ*QQ
K# z`=$` P "#` Q_, P=$`" L<~. J~#\H |= [Q`
~`=Q< LO_ LO\Ok.
J\ K`<}=#O^ D [Q`h LO_LO\x J#H<= H^! [Q`#Oê
~} h HQK#k P K` < }=#O_. O = KH |_# ~ = O = H
~" J~#@, D [Q` |=H ~== "~#k H^. J~`,
U ^~= ZK@ LxH Hey LO@O^, Jk JK@< L`#=Òk. Uk ZH_ LO_
*^, Jk JK@ L`#" JQ@ [~Q^. ~^ H~}~`" J~L# z^H=
#O^ Un_ Z#\H L`#= HH L#^x *# J=Q#.
H= "^Q "\K `H*xk : P! P K`#= #O^ `q+`
=~=#H=#Oê D [Q`, WOê }==, "\"\ J<H z`
qz`=# J#== LO_ LO@<~. xq+=, H= _ z^= K`<
P=$`" L<~. J~<, q`=! XH xq+=#, XH H=# `_ Uq\
KC? q+#== H^! q+~= J~L# P ~O_O\h _ D
K`#= `#O^ UHOK"QQK#k. K`#" [Q`HO`\ H P`. Jk U
==O^ _, Z\ H~ $` H $`=K`# $tO|_O_< LO\Ok.
H=O L^#OQ, =#OQ, OÒQ, xiOQ, ~OQ LO_ LO\Ok. D
q+O *#q*# ~H=Q QOK"~ ~^Y=#O_ [OQ< q_=_
K<~. J\ P`#O_ =ÔQ h\#O_ H~@== [Q`` L^~Ok.
WH D ^ H #, D H~ $`, H $` =#, D Y^Y=, D ''<#<k"=
=kg~"~ J# ~OQ YO_=#.... g\ q+"q@O\"? WÔ`
JqK~}K =O^= U~_K# = =!
WOHH K=`~O K`#. q#. D '[Q` J#|_^xx Z=_, U<_
$+OzO_^. J> UH=O^, Z=~ nxx O X#~@ ^. ''$+
= J#|_#q H~@`= [`== JO` He`= =`".
$+ : ''<#h=Jk=*= WOk#==` _# [Q`
"^QQ ''kf#== H ~O=.
454
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
= : ''<# `k`~= JO` UH" J~L#k J# ''Jkf#= u .
D ~O_ J#=Ò^# O`~_Q `Q` ^`ÔQ< LO_
LO@<_. Hx P=## P~=# J#==Q O^K<_.
=<=ÒK` U~_K#Ô` '= (=U^` ^ ) J# |= K GH~
uk<~. "Ô`"H= (''UH""kfO | "^#q) ''D ^$=
^. D ^$=# Jk#" # ~=` =`" H_. D ^$= JkQqOK
|_QH! ~=` O^|_QH! Jx K<~. ~=~^$+x P~OK
=#kQ =#=O^ uk<~. H#H, [# =$`=` _# D H#|_
'[Q` J#|_#Ô` =iHe`" J~_, 'Wk "== J#~=Q
J#==# ZO^H D r=_ O^K<_.
"`H" J~ L# D ^$= `Q^. Hx O =*=O`
^~ #qKK#@, WOk|kH WH_ ZO` <=~`H" # ==~O h `"
QKiOk. Wk '" # Jq+", qH~=O`", Jx~Kh" #^x
ij<`H ^$+H (P` |kH) +OQ è=Ok. ""xH, D '[Q` Q
H#|_K#Ô` ''==, ~}~= J~L# z^H"Hx, =iOHg
H^. z`=", `#Oê =qt+=Q 'K`#~K=`~O K`, ^$=#
kOKH=\xH OK ~= îOk. P z^" '^+ H ^
~=. J#Q, ^+ J~#\ P` <`=^~ =H#O KOk. J~`,
J@ =Q K_|_Ô` '"~ J~# ^$=Qx, ==Qx H^. ZO^K`
#O\"? =#JO`~=# _ ~^ HtOKK#k x`x`=, `
~= JQ 'P` Hx, =iOHn H^. D P` `< J~L# `==Q
K`#=# ''Wk = Jx =# K, P ''Wk O_Wk =G= "^Q
P ^~=Q QOKK#k.

XH<HC _ P` ~=Q Q D ^+ ''Wk =Wq ==

J# ""=# HOz` `lOz, HH`mOQ ''Wk W><? Jx zOuOKK<_.
q=iOKK<_. '^#=, Q=, Q~"H=##=, qK~} "^#q
P~Oz `# |kx kKHO@<_. D =# ''P! < D s~=H
^~= Qx, '^+ H ^~=Qx <=. #, |@ ~^ `",
JYO_" i Oz#k, i OKK#k-<<. JO^K` G=K K |_# P`H
~ ==h <H ~ == J~ L<~ J##\ XH<H
F Lù H~}O G 455
Z~H# OìOKHO\Ok. ''<# J<==Q P`< J# *#= Oz#C_,

~^ U~_# `" `H#|_K#k Hx, #`#"#^n =zK~@ ^
=!
''J=# < [#H~Qx, O^"H=Qx =. 'u[Q` J#|_#"
=.Jx P`K Q OK|_Òk. JC_ Jk `# q^` =# # HiOKK#k.
WO`=`" |O^"H= J~=<~.
PÒ^ JO`~`"# D ^$[Q` QiOz P qk q^#=,
K~, Ô`=, |*=, x~K#= W=h _ "~"~ 'J=Q#
O~=` _ # P r= L^t OK_xH Q~=K HeOK|_K<~.
^+H ^$+ D ^$= : F ~H! =~Hi H\ <#. q#.
'^+ J~L# P`, q+ = ^$+x OOkOKHx `^# =<|O
K`, P ^~= `< JQK, 'J` J~L# '[Q` J#|_ ^xx
QOKK#k. JO>, nx J~O Uq\? x# h" ''=O^ [Q` Q QOKK<=.
WO`<, =~HC_, D q+=# J#=~HOQ QOz, "H~}q
JQK<=.
J~`, ~=~ ^$+` JÔ` Q=x<? ''^K`# ~_ J~#\ ^+
^$ ~=# O^*_. J`_ Jx " ~^$= Jf`_ "K<
L<_. ^$+`=# _ J`_ ''H=H. H#H, ''J*#=JqK~} D
'[Q` J#|_ J#==# J# H~}=. h= ~^ P`~"!
qKiOz#C_ ''^ Jx è=KK# D [Q`, ''Wk WC_ \#k.
W< LO@Ok. W@ Hiy=K#k J#|_ Hxu =Ò ZH_ KC?

''<`= JO> Uq\? ^$H H H^! '`H= Qx, ~H=Qx Hx^

(J~H"), x`"#\ K`#" ^$HHQ H\ Ò J=Òk. J\ ^$H H<
'<`= Jx <O. JO`Hx, [_=`"# D 'HO\ Q_ # H^. J\ ^$H
H "<~" # \ ^$=# ~zOz, J@ ~zOK|_K#^xH ^+` = =OK
K#^x H;Q Q OKK<~. Ò_x K@ `_ LO\_? H; ^$+`
K UH`= xK@ J<H`=_ LO_^. '^+ H ` H`, WH
^$= H ` =Ò ZH_ LO@Ok? D '^$= J#|_k Z@, Z=iH
OQ kOKQ^ KC? H#H '^$= J##k ^+# J#iOK LO\Ok.
^+H x~K#= ^$=.
456
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
^+= ^$`"u #^+ $Òq< J ``
q< `# `#, q< H# Q` II (~ 81, . 65)
Ò_O> H_Hq\? 'H O> Q==H LxH ZH_?
^+Q P` ^$==# O^K#k. J\ =## J#iOK ^~#O
_ LO\Ok. JO^K`, D ^$= ''=<~=, OH=`=,
^~#= =O\k Jx JOwHiOKH `^.
ZH_ '^+ == (A feeling that 'I am perceiver') L#^, JH_ =`" ^$=
kOk. Z=_` ''<# ^+`=# _ Jf`"#"_#. `~=Q i^
K`#=#. < ^$=Qx, [<^Qx = J# ^$_=#O^ ~_
LO\_, J\" xH D ^$=^ , [#=, =$`=^ , [Q` ^ . ''< ~=
# [#=$`= = J# ~=Q ^$_"# Z~H ''[#~`= Q K
|_K#k. WC_ KC! ''<# ^+#_ H^ ^+`=# =#=O^ LO_L#\
H=H ~=_# Jx WO`=Ò qOK@ H+"q L#k? |OQ~=
J<H P~}=Q î`=Q@ =~= Hey#k H^! J> D ^+
_, `# K`#~_ H#H, ^$= J<H`= xiOKH#@ =~=
Hey LO@<_. PH~^ =OKK, îOKK _ x~H~_ LO@<_.
J~`, ^+, D ^$=# QOKHQ =~= Hey LO@<_. Hh, D
^$=#......Jk `Q [_" H|\.....^+ ` HQ*Q =~=
^ =! P~}= |OQ~=# '` HQ*@ ZO` J=O[=? |OQ~"
P~}=# ` HQ*K, x~H~=Q LO_LO\Ok. |= r=_Q@
J\kQ QOK|_QH!
""xH, =~=#O^ 'P~}= J#|_ = Jq"H=K`< HQK#k.
J>, z`H K` xiOK|_# ^$=#O^ z`~}K Òu HQÒk. P~}
^$+` KK"xH |OQ~=# O|OkOz# ^$+ LO_^ H^! ^$~}
LO@#C_, P ^$= îOK@ P ^+ `#H `q\ Q=xOKO_<
^~#= K<_. J~`, |OQ~ P~}=# P~} `# k#k Uk?
|OQ~" H^! D ^$=# _ K`# ~_Q '^+ ^$`=# HQK
K<_. ^+ #C_ ^$= ZH_=O@O^ KC?
XH_ XHK@ XH | Q ~O_ "~"~ ~H=# ~O_ |OQ~ Q#
K<_#H ....P KK"_. 'P~} ^$+ ` KO> ~O_ "~"~# P~}=
Hx~. J`_ '=~ ^$+ ` KO><....XH |OQ~O ~O_ Q#
F Lù H~}O G 457
HxOk. J#Q, =~^$+H 'P~}= J<k =~Q#_LO\Ok. P~} ^$+H

|OQ~=# O|OkOz# ^ =~Q#_Òk. J^ suQ :
^$^$+ L#=O '^+ O|OkOz# ` =~Q#_ LO@#k.
^+# ijeO|_K#C_ ^$= q+O ^$+ LO_@ ^.
D q+" =~H z# ^$O`= K`#. q#.
=$ux H LOK =~H =$u : ^~OQ Hê=KK# U^ PH~=# XH_
K<_#H.... WO`, ''Jk "? =x? Jx ij<`HOQ K<_.....
''F Jk = H^ ..... =x+..... J~, =#"_#....! Jx J#@O [iyO^x
J#HOÔ.
WC_ D O@# [~QK#^q\? :
1. "@"^@ ''q+~`"# ^ K`#= ~=Q Qey#\ P
=H JH_ L<_. J`xO^ '^+`= J# =~= L#k. J~` P =~=
''=# Hx KKH Q JH\ `"#k.
2. x~ [O `~OQO |^~Òk....K"? JQ J`xO^
''^+`= J# "H=# LHq#... J# '=~H"#H~H"#
O^# |îOk.
3. J\ ~O=$u#O_, ''P ^~OQ, Hê =# PH~= U"#k?
J# ~=Q ~O_= '=$u H '^ |^~Òk. D ~O_= ^ "@"^@
'=$u (Thought)x H"Ok.
4. P ~O_= =$u #O_ ''Jk "? H =x? J# =_= x~` =$u
~O O^Òk.
5. ''J=# Jk =H^....=x+.... =#"_ _! J# =~H =$u |î
`k`~ =$`#x\h =~Q ~KÒk.
P `~"` P #O =~H "~# '=$u U~_K LO@Ok....!
q+~`"# ^ `,
^+`= =OK '=$u H ^,
q+=# QOK\O, x~~OK@O, J#=O,
HO` =#O`~O P q+=# `lOK@O,
=~H q+=# HiOK@O ........
WÔ` Hk H}=<-XHH}O<XH\ `~"` =~H\ Q [iyÒk.
458
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
D qÔQ u r=_ ""xH q+= Jf`_, q+~`_ J~
LO_ _, D J<H q+~O~# XH^x `~"` =~H\ Q WK K`<
O^@O [~QÒk.

''^+ D ^$=# QOKK#C_... `# ~`# QOK@^. J#Q,

''^$H~=$u =##O^ U~_ L#C_, P`H~=$u OqOK^. J~`,
^$= Oq# =O P`H~= =~H_H =K#^? ^. Jk ^
`ÔQ LO_ LO_Q, JO^ ^$=# O|OkOz# '=# H '=$u U~_LO\Ok.
P`H~" H`, WH ^$H~= U~_#k ZH_? Hx ^$H~= U~_L#C_
''P`H~= ^" J#suQ (JÒQ) P ^+H ^$+O^ U~_K#k.
J~`, q"H=K ^$Ou `y#C_, WH ''H= ^+ =`" Ht LO\_.
JO^K` == = J~#"_ ''D ^$H~=$u ## "OK O_#QH!
D ^$= LO> LO_h. H `Qh. Uk U"< <# ^+`=# _ Jf`"#\
Jx~Kh ^``=< Jx qOKe. J\ ==# ^$_~KH#@H
`j_ H"e. JC_H J`x O^ JH$u==Q P`H~=$u ('<# P`<
J# ~=Q Z~H) `#O`@ `< =Q OKK#k. Hx, J<H =Ok
Jq", ''D ^$= #Oê D D q+= Okux. J! WOH# Wq
O^H# H^? Jx "^## P~Oz uOKK, `^~ ^$H~=$u<
Ja=$k K HO@<~. ''<# P``` =< J# L^ = # Ja=$k K H#O`=Ò
K` D r=_ ^Y~`_ HQ_. WH ``~O ZO^ KC?
^~#= #\ ^+ : D ''^+^$= q+" =iHO` qKiÔ. ''^+
J#|_"~ u\O^ (^+^~#=^$= J# ==~=#O^) JO`~`_,
LO@<_. `# '^~ #= # "~ Q LO@, D '^$= K U=Ò iOK|_x"_
LO@<_. Hx, D ^$=# H~ _ `< JQK<_. J`_ 'J^+ J~L#C_
'"H= JO^x"_ Q JQK<_. îOKK# O^~=#O^ =`" =<
" aOKK<_.
^$= L#C_ ^+ LO@<_ : ''^+ ^$~`_ J~#C_ ''i^
K`#= Jx JxOKHO\_. JO`Hx, ^+ Jx =|__. H#H ZC_`,
*<ù H =OK` 'D ^$= UH}=O^_ x^ J##@ J#=O
J=Ò^, JC_ ^+^$= ~O_ _ x" JQK<~. F ~H!
""xH h ^$=Qx, ^+`=Qx =. x~K`#" h=, <#, D =Ou,
F Lù H~}O G 459
`k`~ _! Hx, PH=# "= H" LOKÒk KK"? J>, ^$=

@Q ''Wk `= J# |k ^+`=# H~}=QK#k. J\ """
~=H JYO_#==# H LOKK#^x QOK. ^ `"#
P` H ~=# QOz# `~"`, WH ^$=$uQx, M^=Qx LO_=.
Wk QOK"_ `# 'x`= x~= `= "^# q+}= J#=O
}HKO@<_. H` |" JQK<_.
n "Q == KK"_ : =~H ^$O`= K`#. H;
|k` QOK.
XH Qk JO` pH\ Q L#k. JC_ XH nO "eyOK|_#k. P n=
"QKO_Q, n "Q JH_# PHx== Hx<~. WC_ :
h= K# P== "QQ i Oz Jq h= K_H Q#@ K # ^k?
n" H^....!
Hx ''P ==# h K#k n" Jx J#Q=? 'K@ J#|_
H~ $`= n=# Z\ PkO? n=# WKJ~K =H^!
hOê ==$` P =*= Hx\x KK@ Hx\ ^$+
iOKH =\xH H~}= JQK<~.
Hx, nO O> P == H#|_" H= H^!
D ^$O`=# ^$+ @Hx, WH <# KC#k q# :
''^+^~#=^$= ... D =_\ x (u\x) P` HtO*K#k.
J#Q K`#~=Q P`H =H= (Presence) K`< D =_ u=O`=
`<~.
J~` ''^$`|kx P` HeOKK#k Jx J#O. J#Q, D H#H
H~ $`= P` PkOK=.
P` H` D ^+^$= Z~H U~_k.
P`H q+= Uq\ U=~z# J*x ^$=$u x=Q=QK<_.
*x ''^+^~#=^$= < u\x PÒ^ = X#~K<_.
'P`=$u x =`" JOwHiOKK, P`#== O^K, P` J~LO@<_.
JÔQ "K# 'P~}= H PH~^#, P |OQ~=# ijeOK
HOe, `# ìH |O` P~} O|O^"# PH~^# H \ |OQ~=,
J^x <}` ^$+ @K<_ H^! Jk _ JO`.

460
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
F ! |#O^ ~} ! H~@ <=^~ ! J XHi D H#|_
^$=O` =QOQ Q=xOK. h K@, < K@ L#Ô` OK`=^=
=`" H^! JO` qOz# ^$==O@ ZH_ Uk L#k KC? J~`, WÔ`
P`H =$ux J#iOK J#= =Òk. PqÔ Q, =^" # 'K` # `` =
HO> a#"# \ ^$-^~= O@ ZH_ Un ^ . P` ~ ", ~#= ~=
J~ L#k H^! JO^K` P`#=O kOz# =~H}O ^+-^$= SH`
[OQ# JH$u=OQ# O KQ ^. P` H WK#~" [~QÒk
H#H, ''^~= WK ... ~O_\ H SH` =Q< kOKK#k. nxx
|\ h= QOK=#k Uq\? =^= HO> `~OQ= "~H= H^! J>
''P`K J#"#Ô@ ZH_ Un ^x Q=xOK.
~=` : P ~=` ^H ==K iz#_ H_. JOîH 'P`
J`_. "xH a#"#Ô@ ZH_ Un LO_^. J`_ ZH__. Z#\H aOK
"_H_. ~ J#=~_ "QK#k J`_. H|\ ''~ WK ~=
J`_ J< XH<H L`= ~O *x"# h =O^ q<#. ''P ~=`
`z` ~_ Jx (|Q^k) G= uk<~. <`=< HtO
*K# J`_, J" <`=K Z\ K_|_Q_ KC? JO^K Jq" J`x
QiOz... ''J`_ Z=iH H#|_@^ H^! JO^K` J` _" ! J#Q, J`_ _" !
Jx q<~.
~_Q ~=` O^ ^ `"q\? UH` "q\? JO^K` ''^ `=
q^ UH` = ` = Jx_ K =. ZO^K`# O\"? ~ O_=== L#C_
H^... ''Jk Wk XH> J# UH`=# OqO KHeQk! 'PH~=^x h_
=, ^ ` UH`= XH\ LO>Qx, ~O_=k kOK^. ~O_==" #C_
XH == H UHÒ Z\ LO@Ok? ''UH`= ^ Jx J#H# =~H}O
k`= _ #> JQK#k.
''P` ^ `^ ` ^~`=...J# == h $^=#O^ k~KH!
=^=HO> ^=`= "~#^? H^H^! ''^ ÙH`= ~=` HO>
a#"#q H= Jx QOK@ *#=.
[Q` : `=~[=`"Q}= '=u H 'Jfù #O_ Ku
<O^#\ |=#O^ J<H H~==~=` _# D [Q` H#@K#k.
XH c[=#O^ ==$H= L#@. D [Q` JO` PÒ^ LO_ #k. |OQ~=
P~}= "~ "~ H#@, D ^ ` OK= |=# "~#k H^. L`=
F Lù H~}O G 461
''^ Ok#\ ``"` D '^ `= Uq\, U" L#^ Ziy LO@<_. H#H
J`_ ''Wk ^ `= ... H^, J^ `= "^Q g=O HeyO_@ ^.
[`= ^=`= "~? "= HO> ^x K#`= "~"~x Z=~#Q~? D
^ ` OK=O` D~xHO> "~#k H^. h=, <# D =Ou _ JO` ! F
K`# ~} ! ~H ! D ^ ` J^ ` J#== ~O_ H`H=
H|\ ^Y^= J=K<~. |k <}O K` D ~O_O\h ~Ò Ke.
'Jk L`= *#O Jx JxOKHO\Ok.
u\ : ^+ ^~#= ^$= =`$`= =}= "=
u\` _# D [Q` ''K`#= J~ L# ~ ``=#O^ LO_#k.
"= XHC_ `#O^ K#= Hey LO@, =~ WO`< =~HC_ P
K#=# ~`= KH#K#k H^! P`_, XH =O `#O^ '[Q`
J# H# HeOKH#K, =~HC_, nx#O`\ h `# ~=#O^ =
KH#K#k. P! D = ZO`\ z`"#^, ZO`\ OH~"#^ KK"?
r=# "OK@ nxx qOz#"~ =~=~ ~. Jk XH ~=}=
_ q~"# uH=# J#qO*Q^.
(=`: Z~Q_"_, "=: Z~Q`y#k, =`$`=: Z~Q@ J#
=O, =}= - Z~Q|_ q^=.)
J~`, "^= , ''UH" "kf" |, ''r" |u<~ J# "H=
^~ ''~O_==" ^ Jx ukOK@K`, J PÒ^ '= J#|_
=~H== LO_@O Uq\? JO^K` D [QÒ` z`K`#" Hx =iOHgH^.
U^` `k`~OQ `KK#^, JÔ` 'JqK~} H~}OQ< J@ `KK#k.
''^$= ^+ J^"#^! ..... Jx Q=xOK.
^ ` : z^}~_Q ~= ` `#O^ b=ÒQ, OH=ÒQ,
H~}O O_<, D |O_=# îOKK<_. H#H F ~H! D H#|_
[Q` h z` K` # =#O^ LO_ L#@ ~ ^ h= Q Oz, P WH_ ^`Ô Q
OKiOK. D ^ ` OK=# z^~=}= #O^ J^ `~OQ (z`
Q"## "~ H#\kQ) QOK"_ `î-=î _! ^~xH D
^ `^ `= Qx, c[JO~= Qx, H;= Qx, J}
|O_= Qx =. LO_*=_. 'uH= J#|_#q U"< L<x
=#O J#Hê Jq K`<}=#O^ ''` J` ~=Q< LO_ L<~.
= =, = ^~= O|O^=h H#K LO@, H<f`
462
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
^$+` ije LO__O ^. D uH= LxH _ J\^. Wq O`= H=.
JO`= _ H=. ~=~ ^$+` Kz#C_ OK`= H P
H~H =`" J~# D ^~*O xq Q< *#K QOK|_K<~.
XH<H ^$+H =Ò h`" `KK, =~H^$+K H`# ^xx ''L#k
J<? H ''^ J<? JO^H, ''WÔ` ^` Jx K|_Òk.
`y J`y : D [Q` Qx, ^xH a#"# =~H\ Qx =. H==
'K` # = =`" L#k. Jk ZC_, Z\ ~ O~=# P~Oz Pq~q O ^,
J> iOKK, J\ J#==< O^K#k. D $+ ~=# P K`#" L`#
=QK LO@#\H, JO`=Ò K` `# ''^`^- x`k`-H` =# `~ Q
O^@ ^. H#H ''D $+ U =O _ L`#= HH L#k J#
"H= _ =z`" JQK#k. O K~ `" # z^H= ~ ^ UH~ =#<
L#k. Hx, = #= =K J<H ~=Q H#@K #k. =$H= `# =$H ==
`lOKO_< c[=# L`#= KK#k. P c[= =~ q ==$H=
JQK#k. ~=~``=Q |= D [Q` ~=# L^~Ok. [##
=~}k H#` _# D '[Q^= H J#==# O^Òk. Hx P
J#=HO _ |= `# ~== U=Ò H=@^. XH
=_ q"= KHx ` O^@K Ò_Q =|_ K#C_ ''Ò_
J#|_ =~H > n JQ @ ^ . J` _ ` # ~ = # O |Ok O z#
~== `lOK@Qx, =~K~ O^@Qx [~Q@^ H^!
|= q+= _ J\^. D r=xH "~#"_ H#\ '|= J#|_ P
~= ` `QJ`Q= ~ O_ H"_. Z\ JO\"? J`_ JOQ_, Jkf_
(kf= J##k x"_) H^! JO^K` J`_ ~`Q~_<_. J`_
~" H^! JO^K`, ^xh `lOKH, UH~=# ~^ HtOKK<_.
z`J}= : H=<=x Ò`=HO> _ H\k~@ HuH;"#
'z` J}=#O^ H\k [Q` == LO_Q=. LO_<~. =`~=Q
J\ z` ~=}= K`< D [QÒ` ""#k. J^xK`< Lùx
O^Òk. J^x OK`< H~=OÒ J=Òk _. J~#\H, D ~= `
D '[Q` J#|_ ^xK $tOK|_H xiH~_ J~L<_. He` QO^~#Q~O
(IIusion Visualised in the Sky) K $tOKO_< PHO ZC_ x~OQ< LO\Ok
H^! "= "^#q PH K`# `yOK QQK<? ^! J>

~=` J~ L# D r=x "=~= [#=$`=K, `k`~ O|O^
O^==K $tOK|_@^. PH= U ==O^ _ ^x K`# U
F Lù H~}O G 463
^+= `# OÔ_, Z\ J> KOQ, xiOQ, JYO_OQ, x~OQ,

UHOQ LO_ LO@#k. J\Q, ~=`_ ~^ xiH~_, x~_, xi_!
J~`, P ~=` '<# r=_# J# =## OQ =~HOQ O^K
<_ (r"t=! r" |-u <~ ). J\ J*#HO ''[_=, Jq^~=,
+ "^#"\` =#"#\ '^ ùx QOKK<_. J@ '^ `=
îOK == #O^ _, ~|= 'UH" HtOK@ J#^xH >g
LO_@ ^.
H~"#\ D [Q` Jk#=Q P```= HO> U=Ò "~ H^.
H|\ F `~! h x\H =^#O... ''P ~=`.
D '[Q` ~=~=Q |" J~ L#k. H#H ''D [Q` Jx h
=^#OQ K@O _ Lz`" J=Òk.
D O K=# ~H # K # k <<. J~` <# D O K=# Jf`" # \
''~"` $+"# <# J# ''`` =# _! JO`Qx <# D OK~_#
Q#. D H#|_ [Q`#O^ <#Qx, Wk <O^Qx =.
J^ ` |~_< ''<#.
WH < [#=$`=H_? LxH ZH_? q ZH_? <# U^ L<<, h=
_ J^ (`` `"). H#H, h x\H "= WK =^#O W^.
''Jk <<!
''Jk hH "= ~"! u XHiH "= ~"!

13. ~~O
~A=O`# K_H=O^ P H~\ HO` Kz`= Hey LO_k. P Wî
'q*#="#P`=x~`H "H ^Q q#k. =~H}O P`*#=H
K ~=#OÔ OkOk. `# =##O^ +Oz# Hk\ =`~=#,
K=# q_<_Ok. WH P ~HH ^$+Qx, P ^$+K U~_ O`=
Qx `y~. z`= O`` Ok#k. P#O^=OQ W@ eH#k.
H~ \ : F ~[=O`~! g Wî "H= qx#O` =ÒK`< < [# ^# "# k.
g W~=i# O`=", x`k`" , UH~ " # KO^H~ } ==O\ L`= P`*#O
"eq~Ok. Wk K =`~"# q+O! q"HH=# g W~=i "H=
464
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
qx# `~"` <# g ''^-O JO@<#. gi^~ < A. g`_#
ÒQ=K <# x~OQ HtOKK<#. ''[#`\ OQ`= J^`"#
=O Hey LO@Ok J< =z` q+O gi^~ =~Hi x~Oz
K~. =~ =~ g ^ $t }=OK<#. Ku nO L#
`~"`, WH JO^H~"H_ LO@Ok? gH O~=K < =#x ~H
=$`, O~= Lq<~. ^YO `y`#k.
F ~[=O`~! XH ~H<#\ <> g q*#=x` "H= WO`\
=O KOz#C_, WH `k`~ qO> ZO`\ L`= [#O HQ*?
W`~ J< D "H= qO> =~H}O ^Y~` J=`~. D g
"H= J<H=Ok === K= qO^ K#QH!
F qH= =~*! |k=Q F ==Of! ''=` J~ L# g Wî`
WO`=O^ <# ~+"H= eH#O^ ## HqOKO_. 'H= g=O\
=h +}" LO@O^x ^ K Q q<#. PH= ~KO^=
q "QO^K# g W^~ < JÒ` [h, u` JQK<~.
WC_ U^< H~H=x q=e Ji<#. JÒ` q#=`` g =<~Ô
D_~\xH ÔQ L<#.
qH==~A : F ~H ! = ~[=x [ XH Du^ #QK<~.
'qzH J#|_ XH "k~"# ==i WH_ [# \ _Ok. Jk
$^=# |# ~z"@K, P ~yH U B+^= Wz#\H x+[#"
J=Òk. = ^Q~ L# =O` Ò` h P ==i =O^ HQO_
`<~. g =O\ =`<=i<< P~Oz U^< =O`=Ò`=B+^=
Ok `^~ = [ YO`# HQ*< LÔ`< "q^~O D
J~~u W@" =KO.
g =O\ ~H J\ ==~# x~kOKQeQ H, L=
Hey LO\~x qO@ LO\O. g=O\"ix =~KHx, `^~ = [# "=
H_H"x = LÔ. Jk ~A=Q = q^H^~" H^!
= ~[=x =O`^+ = K# HxHx q+=# J#iOz
''h= Q =O`HQ ^#= Jx "= J#O@<O. = OH=, ^=x~O
_ XH f~Q L<~ H! WC_ h= `~_=. x# XH HiH H~`<O.
P qz"k = [# OOKO_ LO_#@ J#QOK. JO`H^.
= [# h= OOK=^x = =#q.
F Lù H~}O G 465
H~\: F ~*! XH ~AQ, h *H=O Hi#"_", =Oz HiH< H~=. h

q`~}j` `H "KH`Q^. gi^~ < WC_ Q~` H^! WH W\
#O_ g ~[=x U }x < <#Q OOK#x g =@ W<#. g
Jc+= # J#iOK LO\#. P qz "kx x"iOK\xH =OÒ ` H K `#.
qH=_: Hh, h= [#` ~Hq H^! H$u x~=# J#iOz #~-[O`
^=# lOK@ hH =" J~L#k. =i h= 'JO # xuQ
Q WH D h s~x~} H+`~O J=Ò^"? WOHH q+O. h= Z=~,
h ~=$Ò`"q\, WO`\ P`^$+ Z\ O^" `H"x = L#k.
H~\: =`! gi^~ =zOz# P`=K#= <H 'P`^$+ H ZO`
^$_Ò K~~.
<# XH<HC_ XH ~`= P~< =kO^ LO_ L<#. P
`~ "` =k#O_ =Q< (=^#H=#O^) <O^ '[#= QiOz OH=
L^~OzOk. r=# H O K< L^ O `< W@" =K#. WC_ =~ P~ `tY~O
K~`#. ^#x+O^ x=Q"`#. XH ttOQ x`= =#.
J=$` ~=Q P` QiOz =#K LO\#. g~ K# "H~=#
=##O K D rq`= Q_` LO\#. P `~"` < WK#~OQ Z\H
J\H D Lkx `lOz"#. D s~= `lOK|_=~ <xH U }x OOK#.
WH < W` ~ q K`# q#O_. <# 'H~\ J< ~Q ~Hx.
= ~` L`~k#Q XHQ x= LO_^##. XHi Q`
K |^=x "OK#. |k=OÔK` ''qzH J< H; Lk` "k
~~#. J<H[# ~H=O= K LO_^##. JC_ Q}=O`
~H}H |^=_ XH =O`=# H= kOK@O [iyOk. F ~*!
|^`"# P =O`=# gHC_ L^t<#. Jk ^Q iOK"~ J\
L<|OK`.... W`~ $^=x ^# H}O #tO*Q~.
H+`<_Oê ^# `yOK@ H~ |^=xK =zOK|_#
qzH=O`=# <=^#O_ gi^~ HiOK@ ÔHO_. J^Q.... JH_
U^ ~ H#|_Òk. JH_H =#O =Q~O #_z"Ô. #=, PK=#=
=yOz# `~"` <# =O`^#O K#.

"~ =Q~ #n`@O *~~. [ H=" P=Q Q ~A =Oè^~

P ~HH Q~=O` }=O K~. |H=, k^H= J~#\ qz
466
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
=O`=#, P=O`=# O|OkOz# OHq^#=# H~\ #O_ <~H<~.
H~\ : q`~! g, g ~[=# =QQH! WH < = W, <
#=# K~HO\#.
qH=~A : F `~! n~^ ! D qp=O`= = kOK@K W@=,
J@ = [ ZO` " K=. WC_ h= = Q~==, `~eq_
J=. h g^ "Ò` Q~=O` h `y# [#Ô Kx "=
J#HO@<=. ZO^HO>, *# P=H` D q ZO` L#k.
WC_ "= XH xxH =KO. = H~}`, =` = D x=#
JOwHi=x `=. [#Q =`# =` îOz#O` =ÒK` "i`
O kO^x ^ J#Q q<=. = x"q\ q#.
h= JO^"# P~}= îOz =<~"# PH$u` = ~[Q$=#
~=K. JK@ h= YOQ U@ O_ LO_=K. JH_ "= = =#
xqO. "~ h J# h= K~K h = K LO\~.
H~ \ : F ~*! h= Hi#>, <# XH O^~ ~O î , h= ` H J#h=
K~`=. Hx, <# [#` ~Hx H^! g =#= lOK J#h=
= ~z? ^. =# [#O = `$x HeyOK=. D ~H =$u`
_# ^= L#O`=~ = =O W> LO@Ok. H#H, < J#<^
QiOz h= zOuOK=^. xtO`Q h ~[O Ki, [# H#a_= eOKH.
< = WOK.
qH=~A : h= J#=@ x[". J~` =Ò UO? =O^Q XH O^~
~= ê#^#", |OQ~ P~}=` aK, = JO`~O H<
LO_ qOu fH. = ~*=x ^+ #, K~#, x~O`~ O~}#
=kOK\xH XHK@ K~ LO\=. J\"ix h P~OQ =~=.
h=C_ h O^~ ~= `lOz, ~H~" P =kO`Q"ix =~`
QxH Qx~ JH_ lOK. h= JkHOQ lOK"iH UHO`[#"
QO@Ok H^! J@ lOz `$Q P Q HO`HO qqOK. P `~"`
x^~z =ku HiOK. =k#O_ z# `~"` = #Q~O =LO_.
=~ ^qkQ ~, J~#\ }# h H~ ÔK LOK`
LO\=.
h OHKO JY~ ^ . W\K
@O O H^. ''^~ }K O= =H~}
=.... ^~ ~H"# O _ =H~}` =#".
F Lù H~}O G 467
JO^ h= XCO>, D h O = =~O` HO =Òk. Jk

= =^#O^"# q+" J=Òk. O ~_# `~"`, q~^==`
_# r=#\H, "i=^ |OÔ `Q^H^! "=, WH x# 'HO^~^q
Jx O.
~H : F `_! J> JQQH! h=O\ L`= a+ =@ f"Q<?
< 'PHe^ q+O h= KK# B^~=# OÒKK<#. h, D
=OuH, h [ =QQH!

P =Q~ ~[Q$O K~~. P ~Ò` P`q+" J<H q+ KiOK

HO@ Q_"~. O^~ ~O îOz# P ~H =~<_ #Q~Ox qO`,
q Jh Kz=zOk. ~A, =O` `= `= ~KH~= x=Q"<~.
P qÔQ P~ ~A Q_z~. U_= ~A ~u qH==~A `#
@# eOK_. F @~! `H}O "O_. `=H ^+=$u H~}OQ
=# ~[#=# J#iOz =~}tH qkO|_, K=H Z^~K# <~
UU K ZH_H _ L<~ qKiOKO_. J\ <~ Oîh =# #Q~xH f~O_
Jx P*OK_. tHH J=H Z^~K# HO`=Ok <~# XHK\H
~OK~. ~A P ~Hx gOz, ''F HO^~^g! WkQ..... g~Oîx h P~OQ
W<#. g~ <~=$u H"~. = ~[#=# J#iOz =~}Ô_#
qkO|_#"~. JO^K` h P~O J=`~ Jx eH_.
P ~H O`+OzOk. ~A=^ = KH#k. `# cH~"# PH~=#
îOz, "~Oîx `# [O "Hx =~` Q i=# ZyiOk. "ix
+Q lOz =_~A xîOzOk. PHe f~@K z` J~ '=kx
J=îOzOk. S^ O=`~ =k LO_~Ok. XH<H ~A =k#O_
=`#O OkOk. ~A qH=~x JaO Q~=K@K =m H~`~[O
"tOzOk. JH_ ~A =O`# HH#k. Lz`=~^ `~"`, P =Q~
P`q+" O+}`#, J<H HÔQ=`# Hx ~A Q_~. XH
~A, ~AK ^= QqOK|_#\, =kO|_`Q }# `#"O@ QHx =
~`=" i=# Zyi~Ok.

468
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
14. HO^~^q
F ~=KO^! <\ H_ P ~H P ~`=< x=Ok. XHC_ ^#x+
O^, =~HC_ =`#uO^ LO_LO\Ok. P H~`=, J`x =Ou
=Ò H#Q}OQ H~h `lOz", O`z`, q^=Hx O^~. P
~A H =O~O~x `~u = _ P ~H` q``= Hey
LO@<~. JC_C _ P ~H ~=@O, "~ ^+r =# P" P~OQ W=@O...
W\H P ~[O [~QÒk. J~` =` `H~O K@" =OQ
HeyLO\~ H^! Qkx Ok# P ~H `# =O` QHK JH_
[ HeQ Ji+=#, K^ #O_ =K ^# `y LO\Ok.
P ~Q=# _ x"i LO\Ok. ~[O =# ~H H , ~H = # ~[=#
LH~" [~Q` =Ok.
ZC_< XHHi P H~\ KHO =~ ^#x+O^ LO_@O [iy`,
P H~}OK` KHO H~`~[O =KkH^. JC_ JH_ [, ~Qx"~}H~H
XH Z`#Ô P" qQO Oz.... P qQx l LO\~. P"#
''HO^~^q, ''=OQ`~ J< ~` P~k LO@<~.
J\#O_, P ~[=# eOK ~AO` O#O Jk+OK=O^
HO^~^qH qQu+ ~[O ZH_ JH_K, JC_ =`" ~[~O
HiOK"~. J\ u+ KH` JH_ [ Ji+O HQQ^x JH_ ^
JaO. ''HO^~^qx lOK@K [ Ji+= #O_, ~Q=#O_ q=Hx
O^`~ J# XH<H ^$_=# JH_ [ , < HQ*
L#k. P" qQ=, ^"= <\ H L<~. lO|_K<~. P ^q
H ed` z`=_ JH_ [ WO_ JOHiOK|_ H+=, ~Q=
`yOK#" LO@<~.
H H= =OQHi} Hge`d =^=[< I
[u` H~`[<^ ~=^=f z~^=ÌI
Jx P HO^~^q iO|_K#k. ''~ =$k, S~=, H O` ,
P~~Q= kOK = HO^~^q ^+tH}t+~H} K ~^ ==#
HxHiOK#QH Jx, JH_ ~[# ~# K LO\~.

F Lù H~}O G 469
15. gH
F ~=KO^! =# D ''P^` `ÒQO ''D OK= H Lù
q+" Hx q q=iOK\xH, h, D 'H~\ K#. nxx |\
QOK=Ok Uq\?
D [QÒ` PkQx, =^Qx, JO`=Qx x, ~=H~}= J~#\
'|= #O_ L`#= J~#k. ^+-^$= _ ~| ~"!
Hx, ^~xH, |=#O^ U H}O _ Un L`#" JQ@^.
h\ "~ "~ PH~= HeyLO_ KOK `~O Q, QO_\ P=$`= "^# =h
H#|_` LO\~. h~ P Jx PH~=Q i}qOK@O [~QÒk H^! Hh,
h~ U^< =~KO^Ò^? =iOH^< JQK#^? ^! J\Q ~|=
#O^ ` q+` =~=# H`H"#\ D [Q` L#k. ~|= `#H
=^"# =` =`=# U=Ò U H}O _ `lOK@O ^.
J@ `lOKO_<, ~=# H~ J~, D [Q` H x~}O KOk.
'H XH qQO KH|_K#@Q<, D H#|_K# '$+ J#|_ Ô`
=Q, |=#O^ XH<H 'q^H# ~=# L^~OK@O [~QÒk.
JO`Hx ''D $+ JO` ZH_#O_ |î WH_H ZC_=z K~K#k Jx
qOK_^ =! D ^$= |"!
c[=HO> P, +=, = "~? H^ H^! Hh, J=h "~ "~
PH~=` qH}OQ Hx<~. D J<H ^~=` _Hx Hx#
[Q` |= HO> "~H^. Hx, a#OQ HxOk. + P `
c[= L#O` =~ ''^ ` c[= H ` U"< Ô
L#^? |= #O^ z`# ('`H#@ J# `` =#).... K`=#
(è|_ ``=#) ^= ^. "=#, P "= H K#=#
^"q LO@O^ KC? z`, K`= (`H#@, è|_@) ^=
=O` qK~}#\ ==#O^ U~_Òk. H iOk. J\ ^ =# J` "
H|\, ''JH=, ^YH~H= _ JQK#k. Jx~Kh=Q '= K`
=`" U~_K#\ P '^^$+ #tOKO>, 'P`qK~} J<k =`" LO.
P`qK~}K, ''^$= ^+H ~ q<"!... Jx +O HQ^.
D Ou H~}~ÒQ< L`#=QK#k. =~ WO`<, *#=K #tOK
Q^. JqK~}K L`#"# k H|\ qKiOK@K` `yÒk. F ~ uH=!
~=KO^! h= ''^^$+ ~=Q Q Ou x `lOz"~.
470
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
ZC_` |H`~O J=Ò^ JC_ D =# =QOQ Z~Q QQ`=.
D =# =~=# 'LÔ ^Q qO@ LO>.... Ou ~=#Q $^QO^
H=OQ ` H Kk Oz" |_`~. P `~ "` WH J*#=H ~= QiOz#
^==O` iOKO_< Òk. J\ =O h" =Q '|=
J~ L#@ Q=. 'z`= # H~}"#\ Jq^, J\ D z`=K HQK#
J#~=.... Jh_, D L^=K `H OuOKQ=.

D H~@M#O H ~O:
D [Q` |= #O_ |_Òk.
|= #O^ LO\Ok.
|= #O^ ~Ok.
H#H D [Q` ~^ |"!
D ^+ |".
'^~# ^$= D ^+H# "~ H^.
H#H Jq _ |".

F Lù H~}O G 471
VI. SO^= |O_=

1. |= '=# [Q`?
N~=_ : `, (''`^ U`^`# PH O ` =O\) Hx ="H=
^~, ''|= =# [Q` L`#"#k Jx H\ <~ H^! WH_ '=#
(because of) J< OKg``~+ =# q#|_Òk. J#Q, P "H= '[Q`
|= "~ "~ Jx H\ #> H^! JC_ ''D ~= Ja#= Jx =#O

Z\ J#QO?
h, ''[Q`, |= "~ "~ J< x~xH =, =#O =# D O+}
Ly# | =$u JO` D [Q^ =~=# O|OkOz#^ H^! W\
*O` |=# ukOK@O Z\? WH qK~}Qx, LÔQx ^_^\?
N=+ =i: J=#. | =$u |=# =Q H\ OKx =@ x[".
L^= H~ GH~K G=O^ `èHOQ HqOK|_K# ^H#K`
=`" D | =$u (=#, |k, P`, |O "^# | Q) Oq OK@O
[~QÒk. H ==~O H~H HqOK|_K# | =$u` _# L^=O`
'uy =i 'H= (To Counter an approach before proposing a finer concept)
=`" =!
""xH ''`= J#=~H" =`" "K#k. ^xx =~=~ ^x
K`_ KOK~. J~` t+_ L`= `j_, P`# QOK@
L^_#C_ (L^q#C_) ``î J~#\ Q~= ''Wk H^-''<u-
J< J~x zOK J<H ~= O`, ^$O`=` O+, t+#
`# J#=O J=Q# U"#^ Uq\ è*<_. J@ Q~=K
t+ è*|_K#" G= _! G= ^~ HO` qk
x==#, =iHO` qK~}# ^~= H=# JOk<~. G=#
r~O KH#\ HO^~ =h G~x =~ `=# P~Oz#"iH

OKg ``~+ / qH Ò : '=#<, HO>, \ .

uy (Criticism) : ^x QiOz J~<~, ^x ^=Qx, J== Qx èK
u^#= (''Jk J@ JQ@ g ^ J# u^#)
H= (Holding) : U^< OkQ"# q+=# Hx J#=# =}=K x~OK@O.
472
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
k<~. ^~" Z\ ^*=, "H~O~ JO^*#\ P
|``=# P t+_ Q~G"H= OK`, qK~}=O K`
`#O^, J#=~HOQ îOKK<_.
WH h =Ô. XH n~"#, =Q"# q+=# ~je#C_ =#O
=`~"# `` ^# J=QÒ KH=\xH uOKe. JO`Hx, =^ =^
=~OQ K# XH"H=# =Ò fHx, qQ`Ô` H<\ , `~# ~#
"^@_O LzÒH^.
x` è ''<<! JkQ Ô, h= =^ u#H` =z_Òk, Jx
'^= J#|_ JH_ x q+O HeOz KCÒk. Hx Jk "==? H^. ''P
èH JH_ Ô HxOzOk Jx U=Ò J#H= H^! JH_ P èH a_ H_
xO_ uO_ u#@O =YO. J\Q _ ''|= [Q` Jx KC K#C_
''[Q`|=.... J#|_ ~O_ q+ L<~. JO^ XH\ XH f~Q,
=~H\ =~H f~Q L<~ Jx KCK#@Q Hk Z=iH< JxOK=K".
''J\ ^ = =~=O` 'J^ ^ $ + H~H HeOK|_Òk. Jx Q OK@" ^= Q#
Jx = LÔ. ''Jb ==~^ H# G= ZO^ Ke? Jx JO\"?
=#O O ==#, =#+#, HO_#, "^#q K LO\=. J=h
L<? LO> ZH_<~? O>, HQK# J#=O =>q\? O
H#|_ ''XH W, XH q`_ D ~ O_ XH 'H# H 'T K ` ~K |_ ?
P ~ O_O\x ^ Ò J<? J^ Ò J<? Jx~KhO J<? ....XH Ox
P He`==H Wx H}= Pk<= H^! WH `== J~#\
P` QiOz ukOKO> Zx ^` H"e? L^= H~H P ~
J=H" JQK#k. G= ~zOK|_ =O, H `` = kOK =O
J<H |=, "\H J~= HeOK|_K<~. ^x#O_ q+O qQO
K|_Òk.
H~} == H~== (Cause & Effect)
q == ==
`= `=O`=
J=== J=q
î}== Jî}==
== ^~= "z`=
q^ Jq^
Y= ^Y=
F Lù H~}O G 473
W=h He` qQ=, ^*=....XCHO\#. ZO^HO> ^~xH,

=~=# =K#= H ''H = J~ L# |=#O^ U q^"# ^H#
=. Hx, W=h G=K Q~=K HeOK|_~. ZO^HO? J*# (People
who are not aware of), J~*# (People who are half-aware of) kOK@ H~H.
J\ ^H# JO`.... `==# uk# P`*x J~# Q~=

(t+_H kOK\xH) JÒ` J=~" J=Òk. `` *#O Oz# `~"`
t+x $Ô #O_ D ^H# OQ< LqOKK#k. WHC_ =#=
=`" +OKK#k.
J*xH, D Z^~Q H#|_ ^$=O` _.... YO_=Q, J~= HxkQ,
^Y i`"#kQ, JQ="#kQ Ok. JC_ OH+"# qK~} P=H=,
~}= J=Òk. J@ D ^$O, JQ=OQ, J~O HxkQ HxOK@O [~QH`,
= =O\ Q~= ~OQ"O K=# JQÒ Uq LO@Ok? "= P`
QiOz, J<` QiOz k<=. J@ = "H= qO@# P t+_ H=OQ
''D ^$= PÔ`~`=, qQ#=, JYO_= J~#\ ~=`
Hx =iOHg H^ Jx ^$_OQ Ò@<_. JO^K` ~=! J\ P`^
H=OQ `H aOKQ^.
J~` W\H =Ò D ^ `H## L^Q~`_" ^` q#. H
= qiy#C_ UO KO? =~H =`z He qiy# =# P =
O` @ y, P P ~O_= P= ~"O H^? J\Q, D ^ `^ `
^ _ *# [iQ=~H ===# "O@#O\ LO@Ok. P, JO` QOK
|_# `~"`, J`_ OQ, = ÔQ ~^*=# `< `l<_.
D OKO HO^~ `=`= H# QiOz "^"^= KHO@
LO\~. Hx D "^#h "Ô`^=# ~= =`" Oq LO\~.
`` O Ziy# `~"`, D r=x ''"=He` ~ " QOK|_#
`~"` WH P ^ `= H ~} LO_^. D "K= (KC@) "KH=
(K |_#k) OOÔ '^ `^$ + =O =`" U~_Q QK#k. L`= ^$+H
`~}O J#=". J\ J#==# D K~ JO` ZO` J=~=QK#^x
=~ Q~ K<#.
F ~ "! h= '=# #O_ Jx KC ="H=# ^ H~ L yOK|_
^# iH~=Q =`" K_e.
(L^: ''`" W=x `x *< ^x #O_` = `= L`#
==`<:.... Wk ^#"H= =`".)
474
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
WH JYO_|=# ukOK ="H L<~. D ="H=
H~O J~#\ ''<# JYO__# J# L`="# Z~HO^ h= h z`=#
xe. J@ x`< <# KCK#Ô` qO@ LO_.

''Ou =`" J~#\ D =# Jx~Kh"# =H =O K`

L^~Oz, `# ~" J~ L#, D [Q`# qiO*K#k.
=## |> [Q` LO@Ok. =# "~Q [Q` ^.
=# O> [Q` _ ^.
'=~= J~ L# D [Q`# ^+H =# Z\ qiOKO^
h K\xH, ^H"# 'SO^= J# "iH O|OkOz# XH =$Ò`=
K`#. Jk q<".... ''D [Q` JO` Ou =`".... J# q+= QiOz
~"# xO O^Q=. OH=ÒK` L^~OKQQK#\ D uH=
Qi# Oux `lOz, O`z`_"`=. J\ i*#= h PÒ^ ~_"
LO_\xH HiOKQ ^. <<! H;"# ^$+ xt`" # [` < "H=x
q"H~x QOK", WH P =<"k H 'T J~< LO_^. ''SO^=
LM#= J#|_ D ~`#"# H^ x q+ i*#OK ''D [QÒ ` =<=`" .
WH #< LO@O^? D s~^ _ `^$+K = J##\ XH<H #`#
^$+ J=_K#k.
<<! ~"! ~Q^K H+`"# D z`" ''O~= Jx =
|_Òk. ~Q^ =##O_ `y# =~H} O D O~ = _ `yÒk.
z`" Jx\H =O. z`".... #, qK~}, ==~= O|OkOz#
=K#, O^#, ^~} "^# P HH H ==~OQ `#`<
qiOk. H#H F a~! =#O ZC_C_ U^k H =Q Hey LO\",
JÔ` J@Q z`" i}qOKK#^x Q OKO_. D ^$=#O`\h `#O^
îOKK#k PH~=Q z`"Hx, =iOHH>n H^. z`" H=OQ D ^=
WOk=` _ =i#C_, ''D ^= <#. D WOk= <#. Wk

''JO | : <# |=#.
''`` = : h= Jk J~ L<=
''~O YeÔ | : WÔ` |"
''r" |u < ~ : D r=_ | J~ L<_.
F Lù H~}O G 475
<# K < #. g~ < "~. Wq < iq` J##\ JO==#, ==H~=#,

"=# O^K#k. z`=x zÔ= JOH~OQ#, [_O= [QÔ
J~# ^$=Q H\ `=Òk.
z`=
zÔ= [_O=
JOH~= ^$=
x~H~_Q |^=_ Pk$+ O^ '`Q x" J~#\.... D q,
PHO "^# ^$*=# XH =O XH<H == QOKK<_.
=~HC_ ~=# ( q+==) `lOKK<_. J#Q, JC_ J`_
^$=# QOK@^ . WOHHC _ J`_ .... D $+, u , =#, OK ùH
"# |O_=#, JO==#, =+ H; ~=Q ~}Q~ ^ =#,
``~=#.... g\#x\h _ ''#" H^! J# *#^$+K K<_.
J#Q, J`x ^$+ W=h === 'x" JQK<~.
|^=_ : J\ ^= =## K "_. uH=` _# D =+H H~ $`=
=OK@ J`x =O.
O`=, x~= J~# [O ~HO JÒ` O^~OQ "
LO_#@, ~ " J~#\ P` Q " #_. 'q+ ~= J#^y#\ D ~ ^
=# "Oz<_. Jk J\ LO_Q.... D 'z`= J< _ J*#
H~}OK` ''q^~" J~#\ D [Q`# `q<== KKK<_.
J^ z`= *#= Ok#C_ xiH~=, ^=, x`= JQ `` " `#x, 'J^
`k`~ _ Jx Z~QK#k.
WC_ ''SO^"M#O Jx HkHH# XH<H H^#O q<", WH...
==H~=#, =# HQ*HQK# D ^$=# P` Z@ O^@ [~Q
K#^ h= QOKQ=. =^~"# |=` L`="# J~ÒQ, ^$O`
HOQ h Jk K\xH u#. Wk J<H O# x"iOKQ^.
` $^ "Oz HHO LO_Q^x Ja+.

Pk$+ : ~^ ^``" J~L# K`#= ''=# O|OkOz# J#=O O^^#
QH J# =# O^@ 'Pk$+ Q K|_#k.
476
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
Gqkx J#iOK O_, ^$O` O_, Hi# ^* O` ZO` Qq+ O
K< ` P#OkOK~ H^! H^, ^$O` "^#Ô` ` Ja~zx
^$+ @< "= KCK<O =!

2. "~ "~ |O_=

F ~=KO^! Q=O`_Q =u`^= |^=_ D SO^=
O|OkOz# XH<H H^# K=`~=# <, =# D qq` =iH-XHC_
K<~. WO^ ''D [Q` =<=`" Jx x~OK|_Ok. ^Q q#.

~O`~q, ~=#O^~_ JQ < Ò_ |^=x <# XH O^~O

W@ tOK@O [iyOk- ''Ò_! D $+h Z\ HQK<~? D $+~=#
Hx#Ô` ""xH U^L#k? ZH_#O_ Ok.?
N |^=_ : `! =! XH `\HOx [O qz`"# P=~= (Circles)
U~_` LO\~. J=h [=H ~= H^! D =# =`~"#
H<H Hey LO\Ok. J^ W@ [Q` ~=# iOk. D qO@#C_
< XH\ K=`~"# O@# XH\ Q~ =Ok. K`#, q#.

N|^=_ : Jkf_#Q <# XH<H HO`= [Q`#O` ^su

LO~O K#. UHQ=#_##. z`_<, P H=H ~u JO`
O`=Q qqOK#. `"iOk ^H~OQ O^=O^<^ =yOK#.
WH H~OKHOQ [# $+OK@ L^_< ù PH=" iHOz
KK#. P PHO JO^H~=Qx, H=Qx =. JO`=#\ P PHO
#" J~ L#k. J\ Hk H}= iHOz K LO_Q, P PHO ZH_
< =<<`xH "~"~ $+ HxOK~. P $+h _ Z\ u|O^H=
O_, KHQ ==`"#@ Q=xOK#. u XH $+# XHH |
LO_@O Q=xOK#. "~O^~ < uaO|==< L<~. u$+ O^ ~ =~
` H= L<~. HKH=, |`=, $k, T~J^ H=,
~-#~H=# O*Q J PK~=, "^Wu, ~}=,
Lx+`=O\ qK~} QO^= =i<~. u $+ HJO^H~=`,
#H`=O_=`, =^=`, ~`=` =<~OQ HxOk. P
F Lù H~}O G 477
|O_= "~"~Q ^=`, =#+, <Q, QO^~.... "i"i

H= "KO_@O KK#. Q=, H=, H}=, xq+=,
^~= LùuL=#=.... W=h HO` Q=xOK#. < =<
<`=# HxOz# P k |O_=# Kz K P~ KH`_##.
''Wk Uq\? D |O_=h Z\ L`#"<~? < =<<`= `H"
Hx# D $+ WH_H Z =K~?.... < <# ZO` ìOK#\H P
$+ ==~"q\ < ^_<^.
JC_ < PHO XH<H |O_O XH ~_ `~__. "O@<,
<# J`xx ZQu eK#. ''F ~Q"#_! W@ ~=! h"=~? x#
$+OzOk Z=~? <# WO`=~ 'HO` x^ ~, WC_ x^~ K<! D [Q`
h Z\ L`#"<~? D q+O h `? x# Z=~ $+OK~? h
è è#Ô` KC! J<#.
~_ : '' |^"! D ^$OK=#HO`\ H ~^ H~}~ g~ H^!
nxx g~ Z~QH =@"q\? ~"Q F =`! `=! ## J_y, <
=# P |O_= q+O qx q<^x O^^=#HO@<~? ~. Wk
_ O`+". qz`"# < H Lù QiOz KCK<#. q#O_.
~=`! '=H x~O`~O D [Qx~}=O` KHO@ Òk.
``*#= H J== (H) '=~ H~}OQ P =HK H\ OK|_#=h
'`=Q `K@O [~QÒk. XHi Ô O^@O [iyO^.... WH P `~"`
WÔ` J`=Q< è=Ok. W@ D = '`J` ~"O_,
^H^` _H#^, iz#`= OìOKHx q[$OaOk. J~` WÔ`
=<q=`"#x `À#\ g "~Q K^=#k? ~= Ziy#\
g '==# qO Q~K, WH SO^=H^ qx<#.

H~` HO^ QOQ [O|nO '=~[@ J< XH Ô L#k.
g =~Q =sz "^#"i x"O JH_H^! JK@ 'WO^= J< XH Q$_
x= LO_"_. J`_ Hx =O=# O|OkOz#"_. Q ^~`_.
|*x. ZC_, |x+Q ^ ÒQ=` OQ`= Hey LO_"_.
J`xH KHO =~ O`#O HQ^. JO^K` ~`, H~`
gO Q XH x~#+Ô Ki, JH_ [= =`" fHO@ ~`
~OaOK_. KHO Q_z# `~"` XH~A H<^_Q ~"~_
478
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
~f"`_ `H=_. |+~_ "OK# P PkÔ`# WO^=,
J`x~ H~i`"# `^` lOK~.
WO^= : ^"! Q"#_! ~f<^! g ^~#=K = [# ~H=~.
= H~}` Q èq`@, ^~}=~=, "^ Q k=Ok =~#
kOK=x "_HO@<#. J#QOKO_.
~" ~_ : ''J> JQ#QH Jx =~=# kOz i "~OQ JO`~#=_.
WO^= ~" ÒQ O`+OQ x*=O K~_. "iH HH=OQ =`[
O#, O^~ =O` J~# k=Ok ` HeQ~. "~O` U_ O=`~=
=#H ~G= JOK~.
KHO Q_z~Ok. HH=OQ WO^=, J`x~ `= `#=# KeOz
q^= J~. P ^Q~ SO^= JH_ |O^==~ ~. "~
èÒ_ qQOK d#, P P=O LO_H JH_#O_ |^~~. H
~ `tY~OKi, JH_ XHK@ HO`^f~@H |K ~. } |_eH fi#`~ "`,
XHK@ JO^~ ="", W@ O+OKHQ~.
="O =K#
*+^~_ : `=~! =# èÒ_ =## q_z q^=~. WH
"~ QiOz HOK_O J#=~O, JÒ, J~~Ò _. "~ =# D
=#=^=# kOz =H~O K~. D =#=[# XH =`~"#
J=HOQ =# k<~. JO^K` =#O WC_ q+` H~
`j~O H"e. uOK"_ U^< k_. `" Kx"~
O^^=O@Ok? KHeQ^=O@Ok?
J~` WC_ ^xH~ uOKe? =# W ~=O^ JÒ` Y=#,
# K~HeQk Uk? Hi, S~O, O`$, P#O^# OÒ KH"O>,
Uk H =Q HeyO_ =#O uOKe? =# ^# H = Uq\ g~O`
gg Ja= KO_. JOî Ja HiOz# `~"` =#=O` XH
x~xH =Ô. JC_ q+` H~H=O x~~OKOÔ.
~O_= ^~_ : < ^$+, Z=iH` =Oz Q$=, Q== LO\
J\"_ S~=O`_. =O_ku J<H =Ok `#O K~OKQ_. H#H
=#=O^~O =O_kÒ J LO zOK_O =Ozk.
=_= ^~ _ : ^~ ~! =# q+ "# \ '=O_ku ZO^ K O_?
F Lù H~}O G 479
=O_k`# xqOKk, iH"k ~A H^! ~* =^~ O#_.

H#H =#=O^~O ~AO H=\xH uÔ.
<Q= ^~_ : J#~! `=~! ^k`=? JO`\ ` `$ KO^K<~?
Jk i H<H^. =k"`_Q ''KH=i J~` J<H ~*# ieOK
=K# H^! H|\ =# KH=i S~" "OKhO. JO^H~H `j~O
H"x < JaO.
S^= ^~_ : H^. KH=i ZO`? J`x =~["O`? =#O =O^^qH
ZO^ uOK_^?
D qÔQ J<H `~# ~# [iQ~. z=iH PYi ^~_ K_.
PYi ^~_ : =O^^q Jg Wg, L`="#=O@<~? Uq èq `=
PK#? ZO^HO\~? Jk |^=x q==, P+ ^$ K, "#^
H^? |^=x H Hkxq+=HO =O^x n~"# P+ =
Òk. H|\ H= Q_z~< _ #tOK#\ L`=^q U^< D HO
L#^"#x K# K ''|^=x ^q =`" Jx < JxOk.
*+ ^~ _ : F `=~! g =K#h q<#. =# PYi ^~ _ KC K#@,
= S~= H |^=x ^" L`"`="# ^q Jx = _
JxOk. H= #tOz<, P ^q =Ò #tOK@ ^.

qQ` ^~O` D PK##, ''=Ozk-=Ozk, Q#k-Q#k Jx

OOK~. JO^~ H ''[Q` A_# |^=x ^q =#O O^=O^
Jx f~xOK<~.
Q< L#k. Hx |^q O^@O JO> =@O H^! Z\ O^@O? D
"i =##, Jx PK## PHqOz"O k. JC_ JÒ` `*O#_# \
^ =~_ n~OQ PzOKHx, P W@ HQ_.
*+ =~_ : F ^~~! g~ qKiOK=# <g^. =#O |^=x
k=^= O^q+" < XH Q LO `@K#k. g~O` ^$_ zÒ`
<# Kk q#O_.
=#=O` L`="# 'P#O HiOz P#=Ô.
''~H= H~}`_, ~=H=O`_Q |^=_# '<<! <
H H O K` << =Q |O_=# $+<#. WO`< O~O
480
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
_ K" LO\#. Jx =#KÔ. r=# ~O`= J\ ^#= q_==^.
=#O |^q O^=~ J@ xOQ ^#O K< LO^=. F `=~!
D s~ Z\H< tkO H=O^H^! H#H, D s~= " =#O ^$+
iOK<=^. =# ^= q+O H H"},... ''Uk U\- Jk J>... JQQH!
qQ`"~OîH P "H JÒ` =O[OQ HxOK~. "~O` XH KHx
O`"# Ô "tOK~. JH_ P< Lz`#=# îOz
~<~. =#K, "K, s~=K =#O = ^#~~. zÒ
edOK |_# K@H, P= xÒ =OK~. =$`# x~kOz,
z`=# JO`~YO K~. WH P W@ zOuOKQ~.

''WC_ < XH qHOz#, q"# H=O QK~=Òk. P H==

P#} J~L<#. D [Q` JO`\ H + H~ H _ <<. << D~_#.
[~_#. *#"`Q =~O` <O^ L<~.
tH, "H~}="^# JOQ=, ~}="^# LOQ=, Qf
H"# "^=O`=, ~=#=H\.... W=h <O^ u Hey L<~. H
, =_, ^ x=OK H=h <O^ L<~. L`= ~=`
q+`"# ~H= _ <O^ L#k. J<H ~`=, n= =#=`
_ =O_=, #H`=O_=.... W=h <O^ xH", WkQ, WC_ H\ `
==`<~.
P! D q PH=, ^=`` JÒ` O^~OQ LO_ ^=H=,
^`^#=` xO_ LO_ `HO.... W=h <O^ ZO` [OQ a<~!
[ H J~#\ WO^_ <O^ uH#Q~= # eOKK<_. J~Q. < O_
=Ok Pk` `= H~}=K k# xO", <O_ ==# Ò*
K<~. Q_ Q=# "` LO\_ H^! J> WO^_, =_, ~_
"^# H xu, < JO`~OQ= L#\ `= `= H=#
eOKK<~.
[=#O^ `~OQ= L`#=QK#@, <O^ K=`~=# qq^ <=
~`H" # " "k r=*`-r= ^~ =, r= "i H~H P~-q~=
L`#=QK<~. #tOKK<~. r=O` XHC _ S~ JQK<~.
=~HC_ î^^K Oy=K<~. g~Oî H~H `-~#-Q
^< =i<~.
F Lù H~}O G 481
D $+ JO` < K`< xiOK|_K#k. nx#O` =#O`~Q =i

+ < #. =~ =~HC _, << nx#O` O~O K LO\#. = H=
D~_# <<. Uk U"`<O? ~^ PÒ^ u Hey<#. H#H ~=
Ou < ~=. WkQ, WC_ $+HO. WC_C_ = OOk.
Q= `~"` Q= =Ok. Òk. W\H XH |O=`~= Q_z
~Ok. D ~A D H= Q_z~Ok. WC_ |~u Q_KK#k. H|\
~` ~_#, ~" ~_# J~ L# <# `^# O`~ $+x HeOKK<#.......

P k=Ok SO^= D ~= Hey#\ =~O ~ # =#` J#O^#O

K Q~. HO`HO Q_z Ok. "~O` ~ `== x~. XH tqQ O
Q ~zÒ` ^# x=Q~. |^=x ^~= K HO =# K
LO_~. HO`HxH "~ =#x ~^+=# [~Oz"@K, ''|
^=# gOKQ~. JÒ`` _H#"~ z~HO q~lK<~.
|^"! P qÔQ P SO^= L< H==K.... H= H
}H $+ u O~= QiOz qOKK =K~. J@ |#
O^ x=QO_Q, ZC_ "i uH s~ ZO_ "# QeH
O $ q+"O_ XH ZO_\ = < "e~. W@ J@ zO^~
=O^~Q _# "i s~Q=# =O~#\ J_q =$Q HOK~.
W@ ^= `#= KOk#`~"` _ "~ ''|=# (....<# $+ H~Q
|# J# =#) K< L<~. <Q Q= Q_z~. HHO
J~Ok. HO`= =z_#k. ~_ `# fH} H~}=K H=# ÔO
K@O ~OaOK_. "=, HO`"= J<H }H@# <
e"~. [QÒ ` [=" ~Ok. WO` `Ò QO [~QK#\H, P SO^=
=Ò, s~~`, J> H; s~=` _ ^#=#O^ x=Q LO_ L<~.
"~O` P qÔQ YOQ ''<# |^=_#. ~= $+<# J# ~=
Q ^#= x=Q"<~ H^! ''JO |^" J# x+# "~ g_^.
HH=OQ "~ k=Ok | J~<~. "iK OHeOK|_# k |O_=
"i z`H=#O^ u+`"<~.
J\ k|O_=, XH<H |O_=#O^ <# ~x ~=
î Oz#"_< =i < #. ~u Q #, `k`~ =* =# JÒ` JH~ $`=
=Oz x~iOKK<#. PH= OKi, H H~ qQ=# xiOK
==K xqOK|_ L<#.
482
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
^ z`=` _H# =<<`=` g~ Kz# P k |O_= Z\
$+OK|_ q=iOz K#. WH gHk Lz`=x `, J> x~iOKO_.
! g èx^=#k! D ^$= qq^ H#K.... |O^ `" "^H"
JQK#k. r=# Oq # J O`~ WOk`^`" WO^ ^$O`=.
Hx, D ^$=O` zÒu =`". WÔ` ^~"#k H<H^. ZO^HO>,
WO^ =~KO^x Ô@ ZH_ Un <^ H^!

`! =! JÔ` qx <# K P~_#. K < O^ ZO`

`~# ~# [iQ~. JC_ <# P ~Q"#x` W\ J<#.
<# (|^=_) : F ~! P SO^= `=H ^$_OH=ÒK` `=
z`HO D |O_=h $+Oz, îOKK<~ H^! WH <<O Ke?
H`Q $+ K @K XiQ [#"=#k? H|\, < ^~ = J~#\ ''$+O K@O
J< H~H=O P"? =#O =Oz LO_? H, =O^Q gi $+ O_
K? WC_ < H~="q\? <HO =@O^.
N~ Q"#_: F |^"! [# H~ ZO^ x~i<~. ....HO^~,
'q+` U^ Oê J< PK ... WOHO^~, '^= edÒ Jx J#O@, ...
=i HO^~ , '^+ x"~}H Jx qOz, ... "~ HO^~ , '< "iH~H Jx J#O@,
... WOH HO^~, '`^ H^ Jx J#O@ P H~ K<~.
J~`, g~ OH =i`, ~OH= P= L#\ x~ ~,
WK~ ` H^! J\ g~ U^< [#O PtOz D $+ H~=# x~i < ~?
^H^! F [Q<^! _ Ug H~O_< P_@, _@ K#@ g~_ D
qkx H_~HOQ x~i<~. D $+ JO` XH 'b Hx, =iOHg H^.
J> JyQ~= îOz#\ ~_#Q<# _, Z\ WK O_<
xx~ [O uaOa<#. x=_Q gK D [Q` H Lù
OqOk. =i <<, H~O_< < Z^~Q #_z"K# =#=x H h_
U~_@ H~_#QK<#.
q*#" ~=Q Hey#\ g â=#"q\? Ô^=H_?
g~ JO=~`. '<# <k ....J# ""O x"~. JO^K` g =O\
"~ ^xx "OzOK~. `lOK~. WK^+= O_<, <#, ~uO|=#
xi `#@ g~_ ''Wk OKQH! Wk `QQH J# ~= Q
= OOkOz# ^$+x P~OK O_< $+<~ =~
F Lù H~}O G 483
i+<~. W> Oi<~. `^+Q *# JaO H~O WÔ`

gH qO =`".
WO`HOQ g~ ''Wk < H~= = Jx `z, PH~ ÒQ x`= K = # >,
WC_ _ Z\ ~= O_ ~=~ =#` ^suQ K LO_@"
LzÒ. XH" ^=# H~# `lOz, D '$+OK_O J<k =x"~
#OÔ. JC_ =Ò g~ O^ J~== U=#k KO_? XH ^~}=
^xx "OzOKO_<, ^x@_ WK^+= O_<, Z^~Q L#Ô`
''`#O^ uaOaO*@ J# H ==~O K#k H^! J^qÔQ
`~+ _ ''Wk < OKe H, ''Wk =~qÔQ LO_e =O\ H#,
"OK `= W=O_< ZC _ `= O z# H~ # x~i < ~. P`*#
''J! "= Jk K^? J# ~=Q J=# H~# =##O Kx
U=Ò H~ LO_^ . J*#, ="` =`" `= O z# H~ O^
^$+ LOKH, J=# "\ QiOz zOKK, ''"i # = Wz LO>
ZO` Q! Jx P"^# KO^` LO\~. "~O` H~O Z~Qx"~ JQK<~.
*#, `= =# H~# `lOK< @^Qx, JO\@Hx LO_<
WK-L|@= Qx LO_=.

H|\, F |^"! ''""xH <<g K@^ J# J#==< *#

Hey LO@<~. g~_ H~# x~i# ==O^ ''<OH~ <=HOz`
H~q <# H~# H^. <<g K@^... J#~=Q =#= H #+
=O\ =# =OK@" LzÒ. Z=_< ZC_< PH` _H#"_ U^< K
=`" ... J\ H~H H~ $`=, "\ e`= H $`= OOk.
H~ $` H $` == L#K@ =`", Y ^M#== n~"#
=O Hey LO@<~. '<OH~ J##\ =# H"xH H~ ZH_? e`"H_?
XH" U ==O^< H~ fu ('<# K= =KK#^? J# =#) Hey<
_ ''P! WÔ` =`" H^! Jx `KK, x=", Oz#
H~=# x~iOK@" Lz`=x < JaO. [# U~_K LO_Q _
[# ~Ò PkOK@O "H~x JOu= H}O H^!
F ^"! WC_ g~ SO^= $+x Kz HO` P~=#, HO` q<^=#
Ok<~ H^! g $+ `k`~ q<^H~OQ, O`+O kOKkQ LO@
LO@Ok. JO^K`, g H~=" L#\ $+x `k`~ q<^=, L= H~H
x~i< LO_O_.
484
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
WC_ g~ P SO^= $+Oz# $+# =<<`=K =`" î<~.
K~K=K K_~. J#K QqOK|_# $+# =#O =<<`=K =`"
K_QO. Hx, $+H~ `# $+Oz#^xx =Ò J=O `# K~K=K
K_QQ`_. XH_ XH ==@Qx, =H@Qx U~~KH# `=, J\
` H~}OQ Hx # JO^KO ^ J`xH P qÔ Q è=~Hx, W`~
H^H^! J> $+H~ =`" ''nxx <# $+Ozux Jx Z~QQ_.
=~H q+O. D k |O_= P SO^=H ^$_z`=K u+`=,
$+OK|_~. |O_=# Qx, g\x $+Oz#\ SO^=# Qx Z=~
#tO*~. ZO^K`#O\~? =#"=~"< XHx H~Ok=K K|_#
H~O x~kOKQO Hx, =<x=K K|_ H~= x~kOK@"\? WH_
K=`~"=O> .... Z=x z`=#O^ Uk ^$_OQ xt`" LO@O^ J^xx
J`_ `yOKH"e. JO`Qx, =~=~ ^xx `yOK*~. J XH =HH
=# XH ^$_xO Z\ U~_Òk KO_? |HOQ =##O^ P
x=# O|OkOz# OH=# JÒ` OQ, f"K ` J OK@OK`<
H^! H#H, J@ U~_# ^$_xO =~^K`Qx, ^`#= K`Qx,
=iOH "# ÒK`Qx x"iOK|_*^. ^$_x=# OHe#\
=# OQ ^xH =u~H"# OH=K P ^$_x=# LOiOK
=O^. J\ LOiOK|_=~ P xO 'J> LO@Ok. U^` =#
~OQ x~O|_Ò^ P =#A_ P x=# O|OkOz# ~=<
O^K<_ Hx, J#"#~=# H^. Uk U"`<O? ~u h L#\H,
P h XH c[= JOiOK\xH O K= H^! D O~^YO
LqOKO> XH P`^ ` `H#=h x+[#=.

D [Q`h $+OKK#k '=# H^! =# ~=~+_. D OKO

Z=~, ZC_, Uk, ZH_< O^K< JÔ` =#^~<Qx, s~OK` U
=Ò H^. D =#H =~"q\ WC_ D SO^= |^=Ò
KK= H^! "~ HO`HO HÒ =#"# =#= LO_, =# H ^$_
=#K |^=# O^QeQ~. D r=__ =#H =##, P~OK
==# J#iOK P ^=# O^K<_. XHxH ''<# ^=#
J< =# ^x J#HOÔ....JC_ J`_ D ^=H ^~=#\
[##=~}=K _ kO|_*_. ^$+ =i s~^$+ H"xH
F Lù H~}O G 485
=`" D Y^Mk J#== LO@<~. H#H, D OK=x J#==

x\H H~}O =#. ''(H$u=)WO^_J =$Ò`" WO^ =# `~}O.
^$+ : =#O^ ''Wk = Wk J= J# =#.
JO`~$+ : ''D s~=, D =<|kJOH~ <# J# iq` =#.
|^=_ : <<! ~_! h =K#= K HHOQ< L<~. h=
K #Ô` JÒ` ` =. < K O`+O HQ* ~. WC_ O^~#~OQ
''J WO^ =$ÒÒ Jx J<= H^! "i =$Ò`"q\ qxOK=?
"iî H^ qO> < ^$+ =iHO` q`` O^Q ^x q< #. J#O` H~}
=K
x`k`_" LO_ F ~_! h= Kk ^Q qO@<#!

3. WO^J #O
~Q"#_ : `=! g~ P*Oz#> KCK<# q#O_.
~= 'WO^^=_ J< =~A =Q^^=# ie LO_"_.
''=#~A Q ue Jx P ~[ [ KCO@ LO_"~. J`x ~
J. P" JÒ` O^~=u. P ~=< 'WO^_ J< ~Q XH *~_ (
_) LO_"_. J`x QiOz P #Q~O ii q^=Q KCHO@ LO_"~.
JO`~=x KeH` P WO^xH ( OQ`= O|OkOz#)
qKq_ =~# QiOz KCK#C_ ~} J #=O@ qO@ LO_k.
XHi, P J Q`=x uQ JWO^QiOz# ~}Q^ q#@O
[iyOk. P HÔQ=# `#H J#~OKHx, KOK= ^+OH= Q
=# HeyO_@K, *~_Q WO^xO^ PH HeyO_@O ~OaOzOk.
''D WO^_ J#|_"_ ZO` JOÔQ LO\_=i! H`, JO`=Ok #
PHi_! ^H^! J`_ <O^ PH Hey, ## "Ò@ = ZO` Q!
J=#, ZO^ ~_^? Jx OHO K@O ~OaOzOk. z=
=Q#, JÒ` n~OQ `@K` H< ''WO^x OQ`= <
P=H= J# =# P"O^ ^$_`~O H*zOk. eÒQ ^d`~ Jk.
JH_ ~[Q= P" U=Ò uQeq H=. `# PK# `< 'q=
J~ Q#_ q_z"Ok. ''WkQ! WH_ Z=~ x|_~.... W`_ WO^_.....
J=#. OÔ ^. W`_ < _.... < H" =K_..... Jx K@#,
Q_#, O=# Kz_ J~=@O ~OaOzOk. P ~}O^ qHe OQ
486
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
XH d P"H n<=#O` Q=xOzOk. ''F ~}! D z Uq\? D ^
Y"q\? ~. U_==^. T~H. Z\Q< ~, <# P =_Q WO^x h =^
Ò_ fH# Jx #Q eHOk. Jk qx P ~} qH` <`=` HO`
L=#O OkOk. `# W+d ^ "e =~ =~ n#OQ "_H#k.
=iOH T Zu<, Jk P" KqH K~@^.
Z\Q`<O... P d 'WO^_ J#|_ =} HH#k. ~} =$Ò`
=O` è*Ok. Z\Q..... J`xx XH ~ ^~O QO_ JO`~OH
fHzOk. P ~u J XH ~ Ô WO^x` O^ J#qOzOk. P
qÔ Q P ~} XH =#=xH =" ~Ok. J`xO^ PHK , ''O K=O`
J`x`_^! J`x `~"` WH U^< ~! J# ~O Q `#` O^yOk.
P qÔQ J<H ~A Q_z`<~. J`xO^ ""= Z\HC_
JkH=QK LO_k. J`_ _ P" @ JÒ` = Hey LO_"_. J`x Q
""OK` J L`= Q}=Q `# ~ WO^^ =x _ JxQ `KK
LO_k. WO^x QiOz `KH#K#C_ P" =Y= ZO` O`+O` qH
LO_k. WH WO^_ _ P"O^ PH H"_, P" qQ=# XHH}"<
OKH"_. H<, JuO`H~=, AQH~=, J^~=$u ~=
J~#\ "i~=i ^$_ =|O^= ~AH ^$+ H =zOk. JC_ '*#=uuH
=sqOz# P WO^^=_ ''giî ~~ = OH q~ÔH^! H|\
giîx `y#suQ tHOKH `^. Jk < ~[^~" #k. `^~ W\ hK
=~#= #O_ gix q~qO*# Jx `K_.
Jk j`HO. "iîx ~A eOz, Q\ Q =OêOK_. \_.
Hx UO O? " =Ò ''Uk U"<Hh, "= =Ò WO`. = WîH XHi
HH~ H"e Jx =~O Q =\_ Q~. WH K^=Ok? ~[#=# J#iOz,
"ix OiOK LÔ` ''WOk=# aQn" Ke "`=~}O gi^~
<Q ~A H\ "|_^~QH Jx <"`K x~~OK|_Ok. @ "ix
Kx h\ <Q ~A LOK~. "i U=Ò i=~#^. Q ==
"=~< ~O_ ~AH, =_ ~AH P~<^ K"~! "iîH HOz` _ ^
Qx, ^Y= Qx HQ^. XHi` =~H~ O+OKHO@ O`+=` LO_
L<~. "i @ P tH x+[#" J~Ok. P "~# @ ~A x"kOK~.
JC_ WO^^= =~A HO` P~_, "iîx gOz ''F ^+r=~!
"= qkOz# tHK U=Ò ^ H\ OK<^x, P tHK gi^~ P#O^"
F Lù H~}O G 487
O^K<~x, D @ K~. x["<? ZO^K`? Jx tOK_. JC_ h\

#O_ |@ `|_# P W^~ ~A` ''F ~*! g~ q#k x[". "q^~O tH
=O _ XHi<H~O iOKHO@<O. ^$_ =|^ " <=. JO^K`
= ^ $u ^. ^ $u x"xH Ke Uq KOk? = =#O|OÔ
JÒ` ^$_"#^=@OK`, g @K kOK|_#\H "= P#OÔQ< L<=.
D J=== KkOK|_Ò>, JO^_ "= ^". "= = =
O|O^|O K` O`+OQ< LO\=.
JO`q# ~A K HO=zOk. ''F @~! gix JyK `-` L_H
`# QkH `~OKO_. ~ O_ ~A =~ gix HiOK< =^. Jiz w_`<
~, g~ *e K=^. D Q =~}OK~, ~. ~!, ^, ~O_ ~A `~"`
gx < ^Q~ f~O_, JC_ KÔ..... Jx P*OK_. JK@_ "~
U =Ò MÔ KO^^ . XHi<H~ `KHO@ #
<~. JC_ U#QK
`HOK|_~. "~ q^" KO^^. J, P `H@ "ix Ug KH
~Ok. "i^~ =Ò Jx" J<# $uK ~=< O^K<~. JC_
~A "ix H~_K H\OK_. J~#\H "i^~ #=Q< LO_<~.
WH "ix tHOz [#O ^x QOz# =~A "iîx `# =^ eOK_.

4. <# =<=`_#!
WO^^=_: F `K|^~! g Wîh OiOKx uOKO. WO`
[iy#\H, g~ WOH YO`+=` Z\ LO@<~ < H K`~?
WO^_ : F ~*! <H[Q` JO` J=OQ< Hx#k. <H '=
H~}OQ H < D OKO D" ~=Q< `KK#k. D" _
~ ^ < ~" QKiOk. JO^K`< , g~ qk # Ô_#h = ^H Q*

H`<~. = WîH D OK=O` XHi~OQ =~HiH HxOK@K`<,
Jy^, [~, `_#= "^# qQx, ''Z=~=#HO\~? J< cu "^# qQx
==# Ug KH~.
F =~*! WO^^=! <# D s~=<? H^. <# =<=`_#.
=# ~+_. WH, g HxOK D ^= =#H H<^$+H W@ H#|_
K#^ H^! JuH=O`"# =##, ^xH H"# (= "II) H##
g OKìq` Ô_# Ug KH`<~. ZO`\ H H"~` UO?
488
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
=#K xiOK|_K# J#|O^= #, =H=# Z\ Kk OKQ ~? D s~=
=$k O^=K. Hx, =# =Ò... ''^$_=# K W+=#, ''J#u "^Q
"\x Z\H J> LOKHQ^. D q+O = W~=i@ x~OK|_Òk
H^! D =# KHO XH ^~=# "OzOKK#^#HO_..... JC_k ^x
O^ OQ=QKO_@K, P ^~H~=< O^K#k. J\ ^$_== Ok#
'=## P uH"# u|O^H= `H<< `H=.
F =~*! D =# Q XH =Y"# H}O QiOz K`#.
q#O_. Wk `#H f= OH=K ^xx Z@ x~O^ ^xx J> ~=Q
''QOK@ O^@ K LO@Ok. WH =~=Qx, =Qx, =iOH
"# `=Qx J\ f=OH`"# =## x~kO*=. XH
_ ^ |O_~~x H^Q^? f= Ja+ Hey# =## `#H W+==
#O_ ^$+x =~eOQey# "~=~ KO_?
D J < HO\H K=, ^"= "OK# ^=`~==
< =# u+`"#k. "Qx, w+|`=Qx, XH HO_# kOK=
H^! < ''r=`= J~#\ D < ~ex =# K#O`=ÒK`, `k`~
^Y= Z<< iOK@ F~, H =z_`<~. ''<# Z\Q< ^x}
H"e Jx H~H#"xH _| OkOK@O#, ^z @H=@O#,
==~~o# =K ^H^H=h Y^= JQK<~ H^! < q+O
_ J\^. <# D =~=# =#H ux J#iOz, D" O^ H~ U ^M
#==<< O^\xH ÔQ L<#. g~ = Wîx J<H q^Q \~.
Hx = U H}O_ =x JxOK<^. <# ZH_< LO_=K. ^,
ZH_< `#O KO^=K. JK@ _ <# < ~e =Q== `, WOHg
`K#...... qOK#. F =~*! g~ ~= è#"~. JO` =# H^! <
=#K`< J < ~ J~#k. P"H =#K`< =# ~_#Q
<# XH =~lH JÒ` } J#. ^$_H Ok#\ = W~=i
=#==# Zx `= K#\H Z=~ =~~. n~H z`=
^xO^< x=Q"#^.... WH ^x ~Ò Z=~ _KQ~ KO_? n~
Hx"~ =`" HO`=~ (^#= [ iOK@ "^#) `=#
P~Oz, WO`< XH z# J_O H ~Q< "#H =~K LO\~. ''J@ H#yOK
H=\xH < i`, < = H~}O Jx "~ `=# `" "O
KHO@ LO\~.
F Lù H~}O G 489
=~-=K D uH s~= XH ~=# Q@Hx, =~H ~O

(=~H s~O) Ok` O^=K. JO`Qx, ^$_z Ò =Ò ` O_ Jx qH #
[~Oz ~OQ LO_Q^. WO^ OÔK=# x^. XH " qHO Hey`...
JO^ H~}O z`= ~`= HeyO_H =@= =`" =!

D s~= =Ò =## Z\H H~}O H^. =# s~=#

H~}=QK#k. `#, =$H=# ~= "Oz LO@Ok KK~? J\Q
=# s~= #O^ JO`\ "Oz#k. r"` =# "@"^\ s~"
P Q#== `= J=Òk. OK=x }H@ s~=h
=# K`< HeOK|_K<~. =#K`< îOK|_K<~. HiOK@O
`lOK@O... JO` =#H ==~ ^H` J~L#k. ''^= s~= Jx
K|_K# =##O^ ''<#<# J# Ja=#O _ L^~Ok. J@
L^~OK@ K`<... J\ =#K a# s~= U~_K<~. Wx =@O^?
D r=`=# =YH~}O (H) JO~O =# =! ^x#O_ D ^=h
U~_K<~.
! JO~O ('"K@ J# =O) #t += _ #t~. Hx
+= #t JO~= #tO^? ^. J^qÔQ, D ^= #tOz<
=# LO@Ok. Hx, =# #tOK@O [iy`, WH ^"H_?
H#H J! "q^~O ~~O =|Ô. = QiOz g~ ZO^
"@KO^`~ KO_? g +=Q z`=# ~= ~~=#O^ xyOz` D
'[#H~ J# |O^= #O_ q=# g~ ~HOKHQ~. J@K, |O^=
#O_, q= J=\xH uOKO_. J^ LzÒ.
F |n! KH=s! <# D J< Jx", JO`\ K<#. < z`=
WC_ D" ~" J~ LO_@OK` D" OQ` O K` ~ ^ P#O^= O^K#k.
g~ W\H J<H ~HQ ==# OOK@ uOK~. J=h g, g
[ ^Y=# HQ*"Hx, = =Ò H^. JO^K` WH ==e
= `= x=O_. WH_H ^~OQ = W+O =z# K\H "oÒ.

JO` q# =~A ZO` Lk_ < _. `# P#O H < P#_L # ~[Q~=Q

''~`_ J#<`x "Kz W@ HQ_.
490
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
WO^^=~A : Q~=~! ~`=h! W`x PQ_ =@ qO@<~? ~x
JiOz ==# X_Q\_. WOH, U"" Q~ K<_. <#
J<H `=K _, W`xx Ug KH#. g~ =H O#
H^! ''tHOK`Q"xx tHOKH`, P ~A O K@O@Ok Jx =# ~[
<GO +Ok. JO^K`, g~ g `HK W`x H~=# `y#
qÔQ U^< O W=O_. J@ goîx O"Ô.
JC_ ~[Q~= WO^ J H$` =O` =~ qK~} K_.
ZO` K KK_. O H~Ok.
~`=hO^_ : F ^~`~! gi^~ K~x ^+i` H K~.
F~ J! h= ~ $ Ô K O K=. F WO^_! h= ~~ `
Jq`"# OO^= Hey L<=. D ~[-<#~O, ~*[# J#iOz
q=# tHOK xqÒ < `# qxy<#. gW~=i ^+i` =~#
tH~O. JO^ W^ < O. ''gi^~ =~}OK^~ QH!
WO^ : F ~* ! F =hO^ ! gi^~ J|k H"~ JQK<~.
F ==h! g~ = W\ O Wz, x~}OQ g ^+~"# ` =~O
KH<~. = LÔ D = = WîH KQ x Un^. g "H
=O K` D ^ #tOK=K. Hx XHi<H~ qOKHO@#k D uH
^ <? H^. =<~"# \ = <#"H_k? = z`= H;=, z#=,
JQK~= H^! = =# gH ~=<#O`~O _ #tOKO_<
LO\x QOKO_.

^$_|^Q "i^~ W@ ZQu eH~. XH~ KCKO> =~H~

'J=#.... J=# J#~=Q J# |= K~.
=OK` "i^~ <e =~}OK~.
"iîH XHi =~HiH q_n~x J#~Q=#k H^! JO^K`, =~[#
~O_ Q [xOK~. P `~"` J<H H [O@ [# Z`~. WH WC_, <#
OK~O K XH<H |O_= XHK@ "i^~ ~~H` HeyO_
` O#Q } Ô`Q [xOK~.
KK~! `=! ^^=Q = _ "iî =## q_n
H `<~. "iH O~=K "~ ZH_H _ [xOz#\H ~+
F Lù H~}O G 491
Q< LO@<~. "i [ = ==#, J`kH =# Kz =$H=

_ =~~= LO@<~.

5. ^qk
H#H, ^ =## kO=. =~eO*=. SO^= $+# #tO
*@O WC_ L`="# xH^. g=O\ =` ~Q=, =^= =`~=#
^y~ ~x=~ H^! D H=#, J<H |O_= = J~#\ g~
J\ K @O n#`=#H `= J=Òk. |O_=# $+O KQ H O#=
Q "i-"i =## Z=_ ^xK` #tO*_. JO^K`, P SO^=#
`= k=^$+ Hey LO_x=O_.
g~ _, g z`H=#O^ ^qÔQ [# $+OKO_.
z`H= D OKuH O|O^"# PH= =O\k H^H^! Jk J#O`=.
g ~= è L#\H... =# L #~} H~ O^~O =z#k
H#H KCK<#. =#O ~`` x ijeOz#C_, PH= =_ ~H=Q
qlOK|_K<~-
1. `H= (Zone of matter)
2. z`H= (Zone of thoughts)
3. z^H= ( Zone of Consciousness)
"^\ ~O__ z^H= K`< HtO|_K, J#O`= J~L<~.
H|\ F [Qn! g~ 'XH$+ Qx, H '~O_$+ Qx, H 'J<H $+ Qx
W`~= =< $+OKO_. P k=Ok SO^= g^#Ô@ Un PHqOzO_
^ H^! WH "i HO^xH KO_? z^H=#O^ ""xH $+`= H
L#k. Jk Z=ik? Z\k? =K`< ''<#<kh=hkJkWH_JH_...
J# ^=O` `K@O [~QÒk. H#H, ~AQ g~ g ''H ~}#
J#iOz $+H~= KK, x~O`~OQ PÒ^ u HeyO_=K.
|^=_ : F ~Q"#_! h= KCK#Ô` K n~OQ PzOK#.
K KHQ `q+=#, < H q` Jq`=# Q~K=. h=
J#@ PH=h J#O`=. ''z`H= J#Q ''=#`"# z^H=
HO_ =iOHg H^. H|\ z` z^H= ~O_ J#O`=. WH D
`H= D H#|_ $+ O^ JO`~ `" LO\Ok. H= (H z^H=)
492
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
# ""xH ^x`# OQ= (Attatchment) ^. H#H < Ja=`=QK# D
$+x X#~K, ^~"#\ x`H~# x~iOK^# QH! F ~! < WC_
L`= q+=# (^~=#) Q~ K#\ h" < D '$+ J# H~H== #O^,
''^==#= JQ^=QH! WH }# $+OK> < `H} H~=O. <H
uxkQ h= <K i`_", h WK#~OQ $+x QqOK!

|^=_ : <<! =! =`[Q P #_ <# K #^xH JOwHiOK_.

J\HC_ `# s~=# '~O_ QQ qlOK_. JO^ XH s~=#
'SO^= $+ x OKiOKK# |O_= #O^ ''~_Q LO_ ^`ÔQ
H=# HtOK@O H#yOK_. ~O_= s~=`, <K kOK |_#
'=#= ^qx JOHiOz < Ja=`#~O $+# xiOK ~OaOKQ_.

6. 'r=_ J#Q?
N |^=_ : `! = ''D $+h Z\ HQK<~? J# h
=^#OQ ''SO^= |O_= =i ''WO^ #O K#. '=#
H ~H~ $`=, H QiOz è*@ < LÔ. Wk W@ HxOz,
J#==Q@ H~}O? h =# W@ qOK@ OHeOK@ =!
urqx =# JO`\ =H =x`=, ~H~ $` `=, ~=<
=~= J~ L#k =! J~` D [# q+=< =m =m P~,
OHeOKKO_@K, "i =# [#=# =`" O^K<~.
D z`=#O^ U^k uO^ Jk =`" =H=Q@, ~`= O^@,
=Q@ [~QK#k. D =#H =~"\^ SO^=|O_=
x~<~. SO^= =<=<|O K`< |^=# O^QeQ~. SO^=
K`#" z``= O^@O [iyOk. P z``= #Oê '=# , ~}Q~`=
(=+$+ =#)# OìOKH#k. JO`H^, =#Oî q+O _ J\^.
K`# u #O_ z``= Ok, `èÒQ =#O D D ~=# P~OK=.
z`" u~=K (In the process of reflection) '^= "^# ~=#
HtO*K#k. J#Q, D ^^ z`=HO> U=Ò "~#q H=.
D z`= K = J<H H#` _Hx LO\Ok. qiyO[
H~OQ#, ^HO_ uQ# LO@LO\~ H^! D r=x z`= _
F Lù H~}O G 493
H=H~#, "## P~OK@O, HeyO_@O =OQ Ok LO\Ok.

z`= Z\ LO> J^x =O~=# J#iOK =HH~} _
LO@O^x QOK. z`= H =##=# =##=# J#iOK $+x
qq^ ^ ~kÔ@<~.
D r=_ OuK `# H; "#< =Q qOz, ''<# =#A_#,
<# ^=`#... Jx `KK =~=Q "`_ JQK<_.
H;"#` _Hx # z`=< 'r=_ JO@<O. ` OuK
Jk '^= Jx _ îOK|_K#k. Uk U>< LO_h! D H;,
s~=, g\x îOK@O WÔ` H<=`". ""xH D r=_ H`
|" J~ L<_x ~^ Z~H HeyO_=.

F qq` =+ ~! ^~= HO> =G= "~ # ^x J#Q=? D ''<#h=

J`_ "^QQ `k`~=h... JÒ`~H~"# D z`=HO> "~g H^.
J~`, D z`= ""xH ~~`"#^. He` =`"#^. Hx, =#O SO^=
|O_= (SO^"M#O) q+ O Q=xOz#@ Wk `# Ok =iOKK#k.
''[_= =`" J~# D z`= W^x P^~=Q K` # = K`< `# O^K#^x
QOK. SO^= =# '|, '|O_= Q i}qOz#k H^!
1) uHOQ h`" HxOK D OK uH ^$ $+ =` =<~"
J~ L#k. (H) WÔ` OH ~"!
2) J#= =# H~}=QK# 'J# u- OH$`" ! (H) O xi`" !
3) [Q` OH= P` OH=#O^ ~ ..., ~= ~=`#=OQ
+OKQ^.
=#O _ =# OH= =OK`< | =~= J~<=.
J\ =#K u Ok#\ =#O, =#K ~zOK|_# D [Q` ... D ~O OH
~=#< OKK#k.
D z`=H H#K`< XH_ '<# |# Jx, =~H_ ''<# JÒ`
iq`=Q ~Q# Jx J#=O O^K<~. ""xH, ~=` D ~
^^ ~=# HtOKK<_. ~=` [Q` [Q^`=Q z^H=
_ JQK<_.
x~=Q z`" ~=~ ~= =! JO`H^. ~=~ ~=Q
z`" U=~K, =<=OK` 'r=_ Q#, '=e# z`= Q# i}qOKK#^x
494
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
Q OK. J\ =e# z`" D ^ ^ ~=# =H= QK#k. H# J~#\H,
D ^$= Y^Y= ~=# D r=xH |O^=, ^ HeyOKK< L<~
H^! ZO^K`?
XH ^$O`= K`#. q#. XH_ `#H J*#HK L`#= KH#\
=<, T<, H OH=< KHO J> Hey<_#H..... JC_
U==Òk? Jk J`xK *Q`=< îO|_Òk. J#Q ''Wk JÒ` "="
Jx JxOk. J^ qÔQ z^=K ""# D *Q` OK= _ D
r=#,... < P SO^=$+Q,... `==< J#`=Òk.

<#~ ! qq` =+~ ! D z`" OK=#O`\ h L`#=

KK#k. Ju H; "< ="#\ ''|~~~QO^= J<
`<` O|OkOz# 'J^ (Avocaiton) |_@K` '[Q` J#|_ J#=O
U~_Òk. XHxH HO\K ^+OK` PHO ~O_=KO^_ H#|_` LO\_!
D '[Q` ^~#=_ J\k =`".
D 'JO== ~=# HtOK#k, ^xx P~OKHx J#==Q
K#k... WÔ` ` H<H^. ZO^HO\"? U^` uH=O^ J#Q, WO`
=O^ WC_ WH=O^ _, LO_ LO@O^... J\ ^xx =`" =#O
'` Jx J#QO. 'Q_x^ D r=_ LO_ L#C_ *Q` ~"# JOH~=
J#==Q@^ H^! XHC_ L#@`z, =~HC_ O_ ^xx `
JxQx, `=xQx Z\ J#@O? h, JO==# P~Oz =Ô`
''Wk J` =`" Jx JO^=? J` J~# == aOK< _^ H^!
^= ZC_ `Q< (J#Q LO_) LO@Ok. J^= J`Q (H)
LO@Ok. D 'JOH~= J##k `, J` _ qH}" LO_LO_@K
J^xx ''=H=, Jx~Kh= Jx qA JO@<~. ZO^HO> qK~}
qOz, qHOK=~ Jk LO\Ok. qK~}K x~"# |k H"x ^$+ Jk
LO_@ ^. 'JO Jx qOK@ =#=O^ P =_ =~`_ ==
Jf`_ LO_ L<_ H^! Jk D r=x "=~O.
D =# OH`H=, q= J~ LO\Ok. J> Jk [_=, J[_=_
J~ L#k. Z\ JO\"? |= Jkf=H^! H#H =# `Q |
~" H^! H#H J[_=. Hx ^xH H"# LxH ZH_? ^+ LO>H^,
^x LxH! H|\ [_". Jk D ^$" `# ~=Q Hey#k. '^$= H
F Lù H~}O G 495
J#=O LO_ LO@# =O D =# `"#^xQ< HxOKK#k.

Hx, |#=H=O^ =Ò ('<# |=< J# Z~H Hey #C_) Jk
|= HO> "~Q U=Ò aOK@^. WO^Q# XH ^$O`= K`#.
XH_ XH P~}= H PH~=#, JO^KO^=# ije<_#H....
JC_`xH ''Wk Q, Jk LOQ~O, Wk QA, Wk =_H "^# PH~=
(P~}`") Hx~ Hx, JOê Jx P~}=x |OQ~=" ^$+ LO_^.
P~}=# K#C_ |OQ~= HxOK^. J#Q J^ P~}=# =~^$+`
Kz#C_... P P~}=h |OQ~=H< "~ HxqQ (Ja#"#qQ)
è=~. =#_ |O,|OQ~O P~}`==,u Hey#k.
K`#= [_=# Z\ Z~QÒk?
~}Q~_ (=+ $+ ~_) JQ | ~~_ H^! JO^K`
[_K`#=h |" J=`~. J~`, |^=_ "^Hx, XH ~~ =~
= ^~= ^~xH ''[_ K`#= ~O_O\H qH}" XCK<~.
'JOH~= QiOz =#O J#H#>, Jq_ =~= Jx~K#=
(Illusionary and undefinable) LO@<~. r=_ K`#" ~=Q H"_H^!
H "^#q [_=. K`#~_Q r=_ H"^# [_^~= OkH#
Z@ J#q<_? D GH~ W# =^#"q\ q#.
WH_ <Q q+ #K<~.
=` : ZiQ_"_ (that which is knowing)
=`$K`#= : K`#=H 'Z~Q@ J# =O.
"= : Z~Q|_K#k (that which is being known)
" K`#= : 'Z~Q|_@ J# ==.
r=xx =`$K`#=, P Hx "K`#=... D ~O_ =$u^~
J^= O^@K` K`#" ~=QQ r=_... K`#" ~=QQ
P==` U~_K# ==H ''J#=O O^@O.
|= ~^ q+~`"#^!
J~` XH q+ O. q"# WH Z_i =^ ZH_< =$H LO\?
LO_= H^! " _ Jf`" (J#= =`"#) '~|= #O^
496
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
K`<~OQ HxOK 'h= <# J##qQx, JK`#OQ HxOK ^~*=Qx
=. |=#O^ 'Wk [_='Wk K`#= J##\ ~= H# LO_^.
J~` D z^= XH<HK@ ^$=#Oê P ^~=`#, =`#,
O@#`# U~~KH# O|O^= H~}OQ XH '~} Hey LO\Ok. [=
Hx == P=$`= (Circles) `_ LO@Ok KK"? |=#O^
U~_ ^+`=^$`= _ J\q =`". ~^ [= [=Q< LO\Ok.
P =$`=# =O^, P=$`=O, P `~"`_ [O ["H^! [Q^==
U~_K#C_ _ |= |=Q< LO_LO\Ok. q+ O|O^" # K` # =
H |=H ~}< '=# JO@<O. =#H qK~}, =## ~O_
~HQ qlOK=K.
1. 'z` JO= H *<O= : (Awareness consciousness / 'The knower'
dimension / The experiencer)
2. q+O= H q+~#=O : (The knowing dimension /
The experiences)
z` JO=# 'J[_= Jx, q+O=# '[_= Jx JO@<O. =#O

K# D [_= *=O` P q+O". D r=x O^Q ''`H#@
J# =O ~O_ q^=# ~} Hey LO\Ok.
zÔ= q+ O=
< >
Z~Q@/
V V
`H#@
x~= x`= ==, q+=

PÔ` ~`= JQ "II q+= `
~= _# [Q`
D r=_ Jx " KOK=# O^K<_. [QÔux J#q<_.

[Q` z^" : z`=#Oê zÔ" (Knower concept) (1) z`= (2) [Q`
J# ~O_ q^=Q qlOK|_K#k. Hx, D H#|_ [Q`_, q*# ^$+`
K, z^= =`" J=Òk. K`#=` D [Q` J^"! JO^K` P`^$+
H"~, ''D [Q` z^" J~ L#k, =iOHg H^ Jx ÔfHiOKK<~.
F Lù H~}O G 497
^ ^$+K =`"... D K`#==~H U"" ~= îOKK#@ J#`

==Òk. ""xH K`#= qQ~Ò =! Hx, qQ= H^x =
H#@K#k. Jk = ~`" J~#\H, =H=Q =iOKK#k.
<<! = ! ^~xH '= J#|_#k Un ^. ''K`#~_Q D
r=_ =# O^K<_ J#@O _ = LÔ iH^. =i WÔ`
U=O\"? ~=^= `#O^ ''`~OQ= J# J#=O O^K#k
H^! ~^ ~" J~L# K`#= `#O^ D ''[Q`^~=
"== "^# ~=Q J#=O O^K#k. JO`!

'z^= ~O H u XHi "= ^ ~O J~ L#k H^!

'[_= _ z^" J~L#k =! ZO^K`#O> '[_= Jx K|_K#k
H=O [_= =`" J~ LO>... ~= ^$ z^=Q h Jk OK
O_< LO_k. *Q` L#"_ *Q` L#"_` O+OKQ_. xkOK"_
*Q` ~+x` Z\ =\_`_ KC? `Q K`#" J~L# h= J\
K`#= H [_O=#O^ [_=# O|OkOz# J#=O O^K<=.
H#H [_O= 'z` H XH<H JO =`"!

7. JO==
N |^=_ : ''*#= H K`<O=#O^ 'JO== (<#<k) J#
[_` =# L^~Ok J##^ WH_ =# Ô`=. U^` ZOÔz
H~}"n O_ L^~O^... J@ L^~OKÔ` P === "~#k
J~LO_^ H^! ^``=Q |= H P` 'r=_ J#|_ =~H `` =Q
i}qOz#@ `z#\H ""xH |=#O^ "# H = #O_
xyOK|_# H~}"n aOK@^ H|\...D r=_ ~^ |" J~=<_.
N =+ =i : Ò_! J\ J~` =i D 'JOH~=, J^xK J#qOK|_K#
'[_`= =@ Uq\?
N |^=_ : ~x `[ ~H~}~" == iOk H^! J#Q,
~HOu == PH~O OìOKHx H#|_Òk. ''K`<O" J@ q=~ ==

JqHOK, `+ qHq=K `".... N=^Q=n` 13= JÔ.
498
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
O^K#k Jx J#H `^. J#Q D [Q`, D [Q`# îOKK#\ ^+=Q
h=, h` D O+} K K#\ <#... JO` K` # = H H@ # J~L#k.
K`#=# J#"#Ô@ Un ZH_ ^. [=# "~Q ''`~OQ= J#|_
=~H q+""< i}qOKK#^? P [O =~H\ Q =~K#^? ^.
P =O [=# "~Q =~H\ Un JQK#k^. J^qÔQ '~=`
O^ JOH~= "^#"g =. =i x JOH~=# `yOK@ H
`lOK@ Uq\ KC? H#H, ''JOH~= K`#=H O^~#"! J#
O^~=# OOkOKHO_.
''<# ^ K`#=< J##^ *#~O.
^$=Oê ~= _ ... '^+ Oê ~=HO> "~#^n H^.
J#Q, Jx\O^# UHH K`#" UH~" ~^ HtOKK#k.
<<! JO=" 'q^ J~#C_, WH J\ 'JO =#K L`#=
QK# q+= =@ UO Ke? J=h ZO_==x h\x H_= xO
`KH=@O Q JÒ` =`H" J=`~. JO^K` ''J=h JÒ J#Q,
`" = Jx QOK. ^ `^$+ JO` `yQ, JC_ +OK^ 'P` J~
L#k H^! J\ PÒ^ WH JOH~=#, J`=#, JYO_=# "~#
J`=# K>H_?
N =+=i : `$^"! =i = h`" `KK# D 'JO=# ZH_
#O_ =z_Òk?
N |^=_ : h~ JkH"# j` "`=~}= #O^ LOK|_#C_ '=OK Q
OKK#k KK"? K`# == ~=# O|OkOz# J*#=#
JOwHiOz, J@ JOwHi# =O ''JOH~= 'q+#== J##\
~=# O^K#k.
XH z# O@# K`#. q#. XH_ XH J~~u `\# x^z, `#
H< xk# `# `x x^, ''q`=! WC_ <HH H =zOk. P H
<# Kz<#@. JC_ < s~=# Z=~ "Hx "K, < =Oz`#=
QiOz KCHO@<~. 'W`_ =~ |uH` ZO` QO_! Jx J#HO@<~.
Hx Kx~#\ <# =~ |`H@O JÔ H^, .... Jx KC`<_.
^+Q `< =~} "H_k? `# H# LO>H^, .... P H# P
=O_@O! J`x s~= "K#"~=~? ^+K OHeOK|_,
îOK|_"~ H^!
F Lù H~}O G 499
=~H_ ''~u H <# Q_ x^` LO_Q, P H XH_ = WO\

"tOz ## x^#@ H=zOk. JC_"#Ô>..... Jx Hx q
KCK<_. `< Q_x^ LO> P =x =~H_ ZH_ #O_ =K_?
=O` ^+ H HH# H^! J^ qÔQ K`#= _
q^~OQ [_`#=O O^K#k. ~`H=Q P K`#= `# J#O`
~=x XH<H K@ [_u x J#q OKK#k. ^$_" # J*#=# P~OK@
^~ ~#=O U=~Ok. 'O$u Jx K|_ ^$+ HeyO\Ok.
J#Q Jk `# ~`H`=# =~z, `# ZH_ '^$+ (Avocation) U~_K#^
..... JH_ [_H~=, iq``=# =Oz LO\Ok. = == PkH~}O
=#. P =# Jx\, Jx ~=# =H=QK#k. J^ PH==,
JÒ` q" J<H ~=# =Q îOKK#k. WH ^xx xq#k
Z=~O\" ? ^x "= ~"#\ P`.

F [#~! g~ "@"^@ J=, "~Q= "^# L`= Q}=#

J=~HO_. JC_ g z`= *#= O^@ 'J~` O^`~. *#=
Ja=$k O^K LO_Q WH '' H; H~} s~= Oux g JO`@
g~ i`lOz"~. ''u`H (Image like) z`= J#^xx gH 'z`=
< LyOz =Q qK~} KO_. JC_ <# KC ^xx ""x g~
QOKQ~. z`= JiOQ L#O`HO =`H=Q J#==,
`è`=, O~^Y ~O~ `C#qH=. z`= ^"#O`=Ò K`<
x` x~u#O^=# O^Q~. g~O` D ^^ i`H~ Z<
`= K<~Qx, z` x~`= H~ `y#O` `j~ JQK<~?
^. H#H, ijeOz KKHO_. z` x~` QiOz J^ =OzO_@K`
J<H ^~Q= =z _K<~. z`=K ''K`# ~|= J~L#
~=# QOKe. Jk =x" D ^k YO_=# =`" qKiOKK
P+# =$^ K@K [#"=#k?
Uk ` " ^xx QiOK qKiOKe. J\ qK~} ~=Q *#" =Òk.
J`=, He`= J~# ^x QiOz ZO` qKiOz UO [#O? J\ J`"#
^xx P~OK@K = e ÒQ J` "# k, He`" # ^ O K@O [~QÒk.
JO^K`< O~r=# ^M^ P~OKHx LO@<~. PHO ''`#
H H# J# qH~=K QOK|_ =$H=# Z=~< k~? D ^^
500
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
q+O _ J\^. JO^K`, *# D ^= ~H H QiOz# qK~}#
H \, ^ (H) K`#``= QiOz kOKK<~. <#~! ~~}
j=Q 'P` g~. H|\ ''<# D îq`_# Jx qOz M^= KO^HO_.
F `#~! =! qq`! ''r=_#Q D ^". =iOHg H^
Jx KC K, HO^~ ^ `"^ P =}=` D r=# JÒ PkOK
K<~. D z`= ^xx Z@ qOK< Jk J> J~, LO@Ok. J,
WO^ =<x= H =" =# WO^ ^$O`=. H#H J\ D
z`= ` L`" `= "# =# K e. Hx, ''<# _#, s~=#, J_#
J# ~= Q hK =# ZO^ K@O? ''~`H"#\ K`# ~|"
D ''h=<# "^# ~~=Q ... XH [O J<H `~OQ= JQK#@
... H\ `=Òk. H#H <# ~|=#. < PÔ` =. [#[~
=$`= =. WÔ` <HO> "~#k H^ Jx =# Ke. J> ''D H#|_
u XH~ ~| ~(``-`"J) ... J# =##=# =$Ô KH"e.
J@ qOK@ K`< g~ L`=`=# O^Q~x QOKO_.

D z`= U qÔQ iOKK#^, J\ ~}# J#iOK P Lk

~O~ =z K~K<~. ""xH, D ^=Qx, H, JOH~=Qx ...
=x =, == = ... ''x" =! #H F =! ~^ UH~",
WK~`" L#\ P`< Z~Q=. J@ Z~QK WK~`_" LO_=.
XH _ Z=~ K# =@ qx `#`< HeOKHx#\ =~H"#
H# K` `^=# Z^~Q K, ^# J#q LO\_.
OK``H"# `# D ^"H_? [_ H~ <H "^Q H#`
=#K TQ K_|_ ` ^= ZH_? P ~O_O\H O|O^" ^ H^!
H# #tOKQ< P `_, ^, ... Jh `y`<~. P` _
H<=O K`< D '=#+_ "^# ^=Q#, D ~^$ OK=Q#
JQK#k. P ^^ #tOKK#C_ `< #tOKK#\ =# # JQK#k.
Jq^ H# #tOz# =~H}O ~= `y`~. JC_ ~
=Q< OqOKK#k.

F Lù H~}O G 501
8. =O`=
N=+=i : Ò_! |^"! g~ < J``="# q+" k<~.
P`*#" Jx\ L`="#k. J~`, g~ K# q+ XH\=Ò <
HHOQ HxOK@O ^. g~ XHC_ <` '' =O`^ J""#q.
Jq `= =O Hey LO\~ Jx K<~. =i WC_" ''^$_"#
=<|eq H"xx =O`^ Ug K = J< J~O =KqÔ Q KC K<~.
JO>, ', '=O`= "^# =~"Q=O\~? ''=O`^
HK =#, |k, *<Ok= =_= KO^Q= Jx J<H O^~=
x~OK|_#@ <# qx<<? g! "=^x K#=, #=#<,
JyL+= "~"~#q H= H^! J> D =#s~= XH> H^! ZO^HO>
''=## J#iOK Lk LO@Ok Jx g~ _ WC_ K<~. H|\
D s~= =# H ~". =~ ^ =## qÒ KH`,
WH ^=# _ Ug KH=@" [~Qe. Hx J, H$u= WO^
uH ^= = H =O K` < e, "i^~ =~}OK~ H^!
ZO^K`?
h, g~ JO@#@, ''D ^= "== H^. Jk z`=H H#
=`" J< J#OÔ. ''ZO_===, ~O_= KO^x= D ^= =~=Q
J"=`=` _ H#|_Òk. J~#\H _, D ^=, =# ''XH\
#t, ~O_=k _ #tOk ... J##^ HH ^$+H è=Ok. ~O_ =#
` Hey LO@<~. =# #tOz#C_ J\"x s~O =Ò LO@O^?
#tO^< < LÔ. =i WH, s~= #tOz#C_ _ =# #tOK=
LO@Ok H^?
=~^K s~= #tOz#C_ _ =# #tOKÔ\~ Uq\?
^=# =# ZO^ qÒ HO_ LO_QQ K#k? s~=
=`" ZO^ q`=Òk?
D q+h =iHO` q=iOz KO_.

''= =# xKOk Jx x~OK Hx Wu O@# L<~. #+_
=O K` ~= J_. J@ ~OQ =i, `# =O=# O|OkOz# "~, `# u
J~ L# c=_ "^#"ix kOK_.
HO^~ ^~` _ =O K` K[# Zu `= *u"~Q =#=< HOz#@
Hx H^ KCK LO\~. J=h ^$+ @Hx =i |^=x W@ tOKK<~.
502
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
N |^=_ : =~! ^"#\ H~ K`, ~+ `=K` D [Q`
O^~x ==O@ Un ^. `= K`< Z=~< U^< Jk~OKQ~,
=OKQ~, x~kOKQ~.
D OKO | #O_ XH ~Q =~ ^^~#\ }H@x\H ~O_
s~= U~_ LO@<~.
1) =Oxi`=Q D 'uH ^=
2) ~H~= H~}=QK, ^ ~" LO_ LO@#\ '=#
''=O^= : JOîH H#|_`< LO@Ok H^! Wk H q^=#
= K`# , G=K`# , ^q^K`# kO|_Q ^. D OK uH^ =
[_=. =Q Un x~iOK^. H|\ JÒ` J=~=. Ju n#"#k.
`=~ h\ aO^= = JuKOK= _. Wk U H}"## q<#O H=K.
~|H~ K`, ~[Ô_#= K`, "= [= H "^# H$u
^~=K` Z^~#|_` LO@Ok.
''=# : Wk W`~ uH ^$+H H#|_k H^. D =# Ò`"#n
JÒ`"#n _! Z=~` ~+ `=# P~, x`= ^~=#
J=Oa LO\~ ... J\"i =# ^Y=# OÔ_ LO@Ok. r=x
H D =<=^=, U q^"#`= W`_ K_, P q^"# =#
O^` LO@Ok.
=O= ^= `#O`@Q U Ò K^. ^xh kOK^. U^<
~, =<= ^= H=O`=QK#C_ JO` =O`==@O [~QÒk.
D =# H#H ZC_ q`"# ^x< zOuOK@O, ^xOK@O [~Q` LO>,
=O=^ =#Oê =~K~ P zO`## Ug K =. ''XH_ XH^xH~
ZO`\ f"K ` =#OH= `=# QqOKK<_? J##^ [#O
H ~ox x~~Ok. D =O=^= JyO^ _QH! =\
He=QH! H J<H <=~=` q[$OaOKQH! Uk U"#\H ... ''=#
^x<` nH` zOuOKK#^, J^x< D r=_ O^K<_ Jx QOK.
D uH^= =Q U=Ò HH~H= H^x J#H<=H^!
J~#\H ~+Ò JkHOQ kOKK#C_ Wk _ xiOQ Hx
=# HQ* LO@Ok. XH Q '=x HxOK =Y=~, O`z`x
K_Q< =# HxOK O` [ P#O^= W\". ~+ `=
=# H ~" J~L#k. J#Q J\ =h ''=# =# J\
F Lù H~}O G 503
=# HQ*Ok Jx QOKe Hx ''OKuH"# Lk J@ HOîx

qÒ KOk Jx qOK@O LzÒH^. ~+ ÒK`< H$u"O^_
`# H ''=## ''J=OQ K"_. J@ =# J< =##O
K LO_@O K` uH^ = ZO` kO|_K#\H J`_ P ^# O^< ^ .
W@ ''uHÔ kO|_@O Hx =# P ^# O^H=@O J<
K=`~O J<H Q^ h= q< LO\=. L^~} =O_= =i XHi `#
=## f="# ` qxyOK_. HO^~ ÔQ ~[@ ^$+#O_
ÒKHx P =i P=O "tOz `^KH<~. @ P P=O
"t Oz =ix Kz ''W`_ H@ =x "+O î Oz# ÔQ <_ J~LO\_
Jx `z, J`xx |OkOz, f~, ~*[ 'H~` "~. Hx J`_ HOK=
_ ^ J#qOK<^. ZO^K`? =# `#O^ Q"#C_ s~H=
^Q J#==# ~^ H|\ ! P qÔQ ^ ^$+H ~H=_O u~A
uXHiH J#== q+". ^# x+ _ L`= ~+ `= K`
=`" Ô H^!
W, =#H=$u =O QiOz Z< ^$O` L<~. =~H O@#
K`#. q#. 'n~`_ J< =i XHi XH [O K`\_. [=y
H~H XH~A# P~OKx |^~_. J\ #_z` LO_Q `= qk=`
XH #u __. P #u#O_ `#O`@`< |@ =K@ U=Ò g
H^. J`x =# =Ò ''<# H=# O HQ*Q D [O Ke
J##\ |=`~ " # OH= Hey L#k. JC_ P #u< T`, H, =#`
=[O ~OaOK_. |u# PxOK_. JyQO_=# OHeOK_.
OQ JO` x~iOK_. JC_ WO^_ #_ P #u #O_ n~`x
@Ki, `# WO^^qx =iOK_. KK"? =! WH_ =#K K#
~+Ò s~O #H~#\H L`= [#O O*Ok. WO`
=O^ =#O SO^= QiOz KC H<O. " =# =#= H^! S` UO?~+
ÒK =<|O (z`H Q`) OkOK~. =<|O K` |^ x O^~.
"ixC_ P #O #O_ `yOK@O < = _ H^ H^! P qÔQ<, D ^=`
, =#=, [O`=, `k`~ ` r= HO`=Ok `= H z`HQ`
=i, ''*#, L# U=Ò `lOKO_ LO@<~ _. <<! ^
== (The aspect aimed at as the goal) #O^ UHQz`= Hey LO> J\ z`=#

H~` : ^<# =# s~=# x=Q QK@O.
504
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
s~H, =#H "^Qx, =Qx, q^K~ Qx, =Q
~H `= Qx q~qO*=. |O_t# H== KkOKQ^?
HO^~ =# Ok#C_ (#+_ "^# "~) P =K x~~ OK
|_# #`# s~ O^@O, *# q+ O J=~ LO_@O [~QK#=@
x[". ^xH H~}O z`= H J^$_`" =! ''<# KK#. WC_ <# XH
=# J# J##\ =`H"# J#=O XH r=_ O^\xH H~}O ...
D s~=# ZO` #qH` QOK@K`<. J#Q ''<# D s~=# J# =#
J\ ^~Q=# îfOk. Jk _ z`= H J= îf
` ~".

9. =^# LO_O_!
=^#z`#"~ D OK=#O^ *Q$` Ô^ Qx, =#O^Qx
Z\ ^+= K` _ _O|_*~. J=^#z` Z\HC_ ~Q ^+=
K`, Y^Y= K`, =# J==#= K` `_#O O^K<~. P Ô^=
=O K` J<H H= J#q<~. 'O~= Jx G=K K|_K#k
Uq\? D r=_ x[~=Q P` q+" J=^#z`_ LO_@ =! F
~ [#~! g~ ~+ `=< P~OKO_. =## =#K`< q`=~O
xyOKO_.
=#= =# `~+} =x I
H"= H<= [ `=< k II (~ : 92 . 28. )
JO`Qx, ''<# D s~=#. XHC _ @K <#. =~HC _ KK K<#.
W=h <q. g~ < "~ Jx K gg z`=# J`=" xyOKHO_.
'J*#= J< pH\ #uH q=# g~ `"HHO_.
F =hO^! D z`=#O^ U == i Jk ~__ H=OQ `=#
O^K#k. H=OQ Jk J`xH `=Q `KK#k. è `# a_ "~~
JiK#C_. ''F~! Ji =#. ^, J@" P pH\H K_. JH_ XH
|z L#k.... HxOk H^! P |zx #. P h W+O Jx, JO@
LO@Ok. P "H= P x z`=#O^ "t~. ~__`~. JC_
J`xH P pH\ x[OQ '|z J##^^ HOz` HêH` Hx LO@Ok. =#
J@ H#KHx H#` KOk.
F Lù H~}O G 505
D =# P ~+ `=K Z\HC_ ~` ~"##

`lOz", #`# ^$_ "# |OK` #`# ~=Q JQK#k.
=OK@O ~OaOz# [O XH H}O `~OQ~O KO^Òk H^! D =#
_ H` H` ^$_=#K "O@"O@< ^ =~=# O^Q^. JO^H
=#=_ =## L`==#" #_OKe.
^$_=# =`~"# H L#k. ^$_=#K =# ~aO=#O^
_ JO^H~=# QOKQ^. F =~! ~= =<=" =! D
=# ^xx q J^x< j OQ O^K#k. J@ Ok#^xx ~ q^=`
J#qOKK#k. ''H~Q =# H _ JQK#k Jx "= Q# x`
`=# H\ <=. ^$_=#K D z`= KO^x O^ _ J<H Jy
* QOKK, L+`=# J#qOKQ^. ^Q", iÒ _ O^Q^.
D z`= `# == K` ~u< [#== Ok P [=# `y `$Q
<@O K Q^. `# H# K`< PHO Q =#=# îOz P =#O OKi
#, =# H@O, =$H=# OK@O, #~H@O _ KQ^.
W@ =# |O^=, =# "H=. =# `# HeOz# WO^*=#
`< gHOKK#k. r=x H [Q^~#=O` J\^ =!

H|\ F =+-qq`~! ~ [#~! ''D [Q` ` H^! J`

H^. Jx qOKO_. gg L`= `=K .... q^=# H#`
_# D iz#^$+x H=H=OQ `lOKO_.
''~Qq, JYO_=, Jkf= J~L#\ P```=< '<#. D <
z`=H ~= _ P z^H`` "
Jx qOz, ~H## `lOz, Y~ JQ^~QH!

506
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
N=+ ~=KO^ ij#

10. z` qz` = =H^~#=
N=+ =i : F ~=KO^! < Ò_ |^=_ P O^~O <, D qq`
=iH, `k`~ =x=~ U"q K<~ ... P q+ h K#. D
=# QiOz < ^$+ L#\ =iHx q+ h =O^ LOK`#. q#.

|= ~ ^ Jx~Kh=. " Jf`=. J\ Jx~ `` =Q |=

#O_ "@"^@ ~ "H=Q J"H$`= L^~OzOk. Jk HH=OQ OH
qH~=Q =## HK HO` `=# KOk ''=# JQK#k. P =#
XH<HC_ H; ` H#` _ LO\Ok. JC_ J^x#O_ `*~=Q
''=+ eOQ s~a=x J~#\ ''~+_ (~+H~" ==Q Q `` =)
L^~< _. J\ =+ $ + Ja=xx, '| Jx, '~}Q~ _ Jx, 'O =
Jx H}=# ^$+ @Hx G= =i<~. D =+Q P |
=<~_ =`" H^! H#H, =<~" [Q`# H~ J~ L#k.
=##``" PH~=Q Q Q=O`_ |^=_ 'OH~_ J~L<_.
J`_ ^xx Z@ OHe_, ^xx "O@< J> î, =i O^` LO\_.
J`_ ''OHk H"_. J`_ `#H OHH =OK` Jq^# HeOz<_.
J\ Jq^H# K`< |^=_ D ~` `$} =^H=Q [Q`#
$lOK~. z`" ~=Q Q | #O_ $+ [xOKK#k.
Hx HO^~, ''[_=Q ~=}= K`< D $+ U~_#k Jx "k<~.
~=` Q=O`_ [Q` .... "~ "~ Ô`=
N~=_ : =s! D [Q` QiOz# "~"~ Ô`= =zOK|_K<~
H^! "\ QiOz OQOQ KO_.
N=+ =i : P "^= Hx\x WH_ q=i#.
1) ~=} "^= : ''[_=# "~ "~ ~=}= D $+ . ~=}=
`, WH ZH_ Un ^. Q=O`_ J#|_#^n ZH_ ^.

Jq^ J<Ò^ Pà=#= HQ*#k.
F Lù H~}O G 507
=# Wk L` $+"# `=# kOKQQ@^. ZO^K`#O\"? D

=*=h J<H ~ == Hey LO@<~ H^! WOk=
== XH<H #` Z\ U~_Òk? D ~=}= Wx ~H=Q
X#Q_=#kQ OKK#^=~? <HLCO^ P =#=# HeOz,
~z H J#==# OkOK#^k? H~ H`, D ~KO^#H`
q=$Hk K=`~"# ==` _# D [Qx~}= Z\ kOk?
2) ^# H~} "^= : D "^= ukOK ^+ ''~=# ~=`
H~ Jx KCK<~. J~` ''Q=O`_ JOQ_. L^#_. H~H~}=
Jf`_ Jx ="^^ <~. P# D $+ H~= x~iOK@=#
HeQ [#O Uq LO@Ok? ~ [#= Jf`_, H`_#
~= ` `` =# D ''[Q` H~ $Ò (Intention of designing th world) Z\ PkO?
H#H ^# H~} "^= _ i^< "= q<O.
3) q*#H~} "^= : g~ ''Q = O`_ D [Q` ~ =# q=~O O^K<_
Jx KC K<~. J~`, K` # ~_Q Q = O`_ [_~ =# Z\ O^`_?
JO^K`, D q*#"^= _ J``= `= H\ OK^x JxOKK#k.
4) #"^= : ''#=#O_ D [Q` =KK#k. HO`HxH #=#O^
~OK=K#k Jx g~ KCK<~. J~` ''#O #O_ ^~= Z\
Z=i H~}OQ ZO^ L`#= J=K<~? D =^#O aOK@O ^ .
D qÔQ, D "^=h H\ OK|_~.
WH, D q+O =~H JaO _ K`#, q#.
D $+ ^~xH L`#" J~ LO_^.
K` # ", Jx~Kh=Q =HK , ''<# r=_# J# OH=# HiOz
`#O^ nx#O` W@ `< QOKK#k. (`^= `k`)! H#H ^+
^$= 'Jkf K`#=# "~#q H=.
=^=x `~O Q== D uH=Oê ^~* =O` .... OH"
~=Q Q =+ =<~= K`< L`#=QK#k, qOK|_K#k,
J#qOK|_K#k. H#H WÔ` =<=". =+ =<~[ Hey#\
'=+JOHix '|^=_ Jx <O.

K` # " =+ =<~=# ^~ *=O` OHeOz îOKK#k. K` # =

OHeOK#\ ^xH J` " ^ . H#H, ''D [Q` Lù HH L#k Jx x~OK
508
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
|_Òk. |= H 'z`H ''=+ JOH~k O^ "tOKK<#
J# H# KK ~}Q~x (|^=x) O^K#k. =+=+ JOH~
L^x z^ ~H=O`=Q |=HO> "~g H^. J#Q, u
=H |" J~L<_. Hx J*#=K ''<# r=_#. <# s~îx. iq`_#
.... W@ J<H q^=Q qOKK<_. 'JqK~} (Non enquiry) L#O`=~ D
= LO@< LO@Ok.
~x #O_ "k H~}= |^~K<~. J~` P qq^ H~}=h
~x #O_ "~#"? H= H^! J^qÔQ, |^=xH q=~== Ok#
qq^ W@ J<H r= = H\ Ò JQK<~. u XH H~}= "~"~#
== iOK=KQH ! Hx, J<H ~H~}= UH`" `= H^!
|^=_, J`x #O_ iOKK# D =+r= .... g~O` K`#=HO> "~#
"~ H~. =+ r=x OH= ^$_O JQK# =O< D [Q` Pq~qOK
K#k. =+ r=_ qq^ r=Q J~, D [Q`# J#qOKK<_.
WOê urq =+r=x `` " J~ L#k.
=+r=_ |=HO> "~ H^. =+ r=_ _ |".
D r=O` 'z^H= #O_ |î<~. J@ |î =H
=Oê OK`=`=Q L^` HK<~. ''Jx"O^ g~O` z^H
~ Jx "^"H= H\ <~ H^! g~ ''"#, H~ J#iOz
=~ [OQ= ~# O^K<~. }H ^~ g~~Hk ~=# c[`=#
O^K<~. J~#\H `=H z^H`=# `lOK@ ^. J@ c[`=
Ok, x=O_=#O_ "~ D [Q` # L`#=QK<~. HH`m <=K
OqOz# "<*=# J#iOz `= `= H~=# J#qOKK<~.
"#` _Hx ''}H~ J< `_K H@|_ eOQs~#
îOKK<~. XHC_ L`=H=, =~HC_ #~HH= =K<~.

11. WK~=
D }h WK~= J~ L#q =! J#Q 'z`H `# WK#
J#iOK D UH<H ~=# î OKK#k. D r= `= Q_= Q H~H#\
L^# "==# O^K<~. ~=KO^! =~H KCK<#. q#.

H=="" ~+ D r=_ W+" ~=Q Hey<_ -u
F Lù H~}O G 509
P r= `= WK# J#iOK JOMH=Q [# O^K<~.

O~=x K=` $`h =~ =~ J#q<~. "## J#iOz =iO
KK 'H~ J< "gzHK XHK\#O_ =~HK\H ZQ~Q@|_K OKi< ~.
XH<H [#O^ D r=_ ^$zHOQ ''<# Lk=`_#Q#. D H~
H~}= (Cause & effect) O|OkOz#"_# _ H# H~H~}~`=Q
P` <# J##\ P`*#=# =iOKK<_. J\ P` *#= H
=O K` '=_ JQK<_. D [#, H~ , ^$^# `# P` H [_O=Q
Pk P``=# }H KHx LO@<_.
=iHO^~ r= `= ~" J~ L#\ z^=# Z~Q@^.
J*#=K "` J<H H= ~O`= D OK= [x< L<~.
WOH HO^~ [## J#qOz#"~, D [# _ H~~}
LO@<~. J\ H~~} Hk [# =Hx O^Q~. =Ô
Pqi ~=# z# [= Z\H =^" *~K#k H^! D r=O` XH<
HC_ `= ~ u#O_ KuOk D O~~}O JOuQ, JqOuQ
OKi L<~. `` *#= O^#O`=~ P OK~= H#Q`< LO@Ok.
L`=O, OÒ J~# "H u ~r=x JO`s#" LO@# Pi =!
F ^~^=~`! ~=KO^! D qÔQ r=Oî Lù |= #O_
HQK#k. |= U=Ò =~K~ O^H, ^`ÔQ LO_O_Q
.... D =# =Ò J<H Pq~=, u~==# Hey LO\Ok. H}OQ~=#
D [## KKHx, Z\HC_ ''W@ WC_ WH_ H#|_K#Ô` W> ~^
ÒQ LO_=K#k Jx q Ok. J<H [# H~}" =i # ''"#
J#"\K "`= O^Òk. O~ [~=K _O|_K# [# J<H
OH@=, J#~= HQ*#k Z=~#HO@<=? D =# =! Wk
^+# (H r=x) J<H kO^, J<H ^=O^, J<H H=O^ OKiO
*Ok. z`qz`=# = # HQ* , J<H qH = ` _ # D =##
''=H*#= (Perception of Unity in Diversity) J< QO_Q_eK #iH"e. JC_
Jk WH D [Q` J< =~}O =~ L`#= H^. =H*#" D r=x
H O~"kH k="# B+Ô.

510
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
12. r= qQ=
F ~=KO^! |== ~^ JxK@ J^su< LO_LO\Ok. Hx,
uQ}=` _H#^, ''uH~[H`= Q}^=K D HO H\ `
=QK#k. J<H H~@==O\ D J<H r= G=K qyOK|_ *<a=$k
H~ =iOz K|_K<~. J\ L`==^= r= Lù QiOz K`# q#.
D OKO HxOK r= qQO
(1) 'WÔ ^=` [# : XH<H_ WO`=O^ H=x z=i [#O^
`# H J<H `= OK` ''== ^== OkOz LO\_.
Hx *# q+}O q#H =@OK`<, H U"< |=`~"# q= HQ@O
K`< *#x, ~ J#==# Ok LO__. WC_ D H=#O^
[## OkO\_. W\"_ =#O_ = ^=k Q}=, H, uH
== HeyO\_. H#H, *# H Q_ JQK<_. W\"i HO^~
=H `= ^=$ÒK J<# J*<O^H~O #O_ H_` LO\~.
J~` ~H= #O^ ~=Q = Hey#"~ D ''WÔ
^=` J< qQxH KOk O\~. "~ D [# O^, H =~ [# O^
=HH J~ JQK LO\~.
(2) L`= O#"# [# (Q}=s) : g~ WOH WÔ^=O`\ f="~QO
OkO_~. }H= H~H L<^# =Ò WOH K LO\~. g~
WH k H k# [# = JQ@ H=OQ ^=QK<~.
(3) ` : g~ Q}=s `~ "` `~Q u H KOk#"~. g~ } =`
_Hx# q= H~ x~i P Y-^Y=# O^K L<~. Hx
''"= ""Q `Q}=# OOkOKH<^=QH J# L`="# H =,
P= HeyLO@<~. L`= H~" WOH# ^# Ja=$k KH= L#k.
g~ =~ =O^ [# `Q}=# P~_O KHQ~. H=OQ =Hx
O^\xH ^=`<~.
(4) J^=` : g~ qz`=# OzH"# Hey ==i LO\~.
=e#"# JO`H~}=` P Y^Y~=Q = H~H =~ =~
P~OK@O, [# Z`@O K LO\~. "~ `= ''^$+x ijeOKH< ^H
J@ "k [# Z`` < LO\~. giH J^ Q LO_ LO@Ok. Hx, J^`GO
@ (P` q+" qK~} @) q=Y` =Ò Hey LO_~. H#H, "~ Ja=$k
F Lù H~}O G 511
KO^@ J<H J=H= Hey LO\~. U"< L`= O@# =# Qx,

HH`mOQ Q~=^ q#@K`Qx g~ P`*#= " =Y H=\xH
HO` JO`~OQ=#O^ ^_ LO\~.
(5) JÒ` `= : g~ _ HO` =~ J^=` H}= Hey LO\~.
J~` g~ J^`GO @ q=Y`= (disliking, Non-accepting) Hey LO\~.
~^ J<H O=K G= H, Q~= H g`# u~i
LO\~. Z< H=, "Hk [# Q_z=KQH! ''P`== J< ^~
== " xOK q+O, giH giH O`=-`~`=
J__` LO\~.
(6) ~[ : g~ ~ H=#Oê `=O^ +Oz# "##
J#iOz qz` H~K~}= Hey LO@ LO\~. J<H =^~H ([O`) [#
Z`` LO\~. J~` "i ''`= J# ~=Q Pi |îOk.
JO^K` "~ Hx [# =#+`=# QOz, P `~"` H~#~OQ ~
#~H= "o= =i Hx [# Q_`~. "~ "HO^ U=Ò
xO `xH Hey~.
(7) ~[ u : giH WC_C _ "~ QO HOKO HOKO L^~OKK#k.
gO< '*# kOK [## O^Q~. "H~"# L^# O^K,
"HH Q"# H~K~}O H"~ LO\~. g~ HO` x|k Q "H
`~x J#=K. g~ W\H WOH ~"# 'H k U~_ LO_H=K.
Hx "i Oê `j`" "i H=KO.
(8) ~[~[ : g~ H QO^~ # Z=Q @K LO\~.
Hk [# '~[uH` # HiOK#<~. J\#O_ =HH ~H uOKQ ~.
=~=#O =Ò '=H H ~= "iH è=. g~ ~^ U""
=#H, s~H H==~=O^ x=QQK, OQ q*# ^$+
O_ HO Q_K<~.
(9) ~[`= : g~ J"# `= H"~. Zx =O^ [#
`~"` Qx, "iO^ '`= J##k HO` "QO OAH^. g~ Z\H
'~[ ~[ P, ~[ u H=K<~. g~ ''JÒ` `= =#".
(10) ~[Ò`= : g~ `=K P=iOK|_ H~=# K LO\~.
Zx " [# [~QK#\H ''<<q \? <<= ~? J< q+ O "i ^$+# _ @
^.
512
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
(11) `= : g~ W\H J<H H=O^ [xOK~. |HO [iy
~Ok. "H q+ " XH<H Q_ x^ J#q < ~. Z=~k K < q#>^ .
"iH `K@^. Hx, gi HO^~ =~=# [## ~H~KH#"~ _
H^ =!
(12) `=` : `= LO_, "HH Q"# H~K~}O
~Oa<~. J@ ~OaOz L`= ^=# Ok# L^~} _ J<HO
(H~\, ^_ W\"~).
(13) `"~[ : ^~OQ ZH_ q# q#=O@# HOux Kz,
J@" "@ QiOz zOKK#@, D `"~[ WC_C_ `j~
QK<~. g~ Hx [# J> HOK= HOK= `j~QK LO\~. P
`= #O_ q=Y HH`, g~ `=` HQ~.
(14) `=`= : g~ W\H J<H" =~ [OQ= [# Z`~.
WOH ZO`Q< [x "< ^$+ Hey LO@<~. g~ Z\H Z@ *#=
" ^$+ =~`~ Z=~O KO. g~ JÒ` `=.
Hk [# Q_z`<~. '*#O q+" =_Ò P=iOz L#k.
=~ K~ =. Q_=Q ^Y "= PHqOz" L<~. "~ U=Ò
=H QiOz q#~, K_~. "iHg è^. =#=, =_= "i O^
Ò_q<~. J~`, "~Oî Z=~<-UH}O<< x^~z 'P`*#O "Q
J_Q "\xH, #_z "@ ~^ 'O^` JO`~OQ=# Hey L<~.
JO` |"
F ~=KO^! a#a# L^ (Physical bodies) Q D r=*`h |=
#O_ L`#=`<~. |=# "~#q H=. KeOKK# =^ [O
JOMHOQ `~OQ |_K<~ H^! P `~OQ=h [=HO> "~#"?
H^. nO #O_ "k H~}= i<~. P H~}= nO HO> "~#
JÒ Hey LO@<? ^. J> P ~q^ uH, =#H uQ`` H\ `
=QK# r=~h |=HO> "~H^. [eOKK# Jy#O_ #\ HOu
O[= KK#@, D }H@h |=#O_ q<~. =$HO #O_
Y =, |OQ~= #O_ P~ } ==, [= #O_ ''[aO^= P=~=
`~OQ=|_Q =, KOâO|= #O_ KO^H~}==, =HO #O_
\HO = .... |O #O_ D }H@, Jq îOKK# ^$= L`#
==`<~.
F Lù H~}O G 513
ZO_== [`~OQ= J#u HQ` LO@Ok. P ZO_==

~HOu H< "~#^x =OQ U~_@ ^H^? ~HOu iOKO>
ZO_== U~_qH=. D ^+ |= H ~" . ^+ H ^$+x J#iOK
^$O LO\Ok. =#O WC_ KCH# J<H qQ=` _# r=*`h U
~=` #O_ Pq~q<, P ~=Ò^ b#=`<~. Hx z# Hk
H}H b#=`<~. =iHx J<H [# `~"` Z\H b#=`<~.
Uk U"#\H, [Q` |=# Ô ^. D ~O_\ H [`~OQ=
O|O^" ^$O`=. =i D H#|_K# J<H` = =@ Uq@O\"? L^ O^
^+ HeyO@# =`H"# ^$+ H~}OQ< D ^ fu JO` U~_Òk.
D r=*`h LkÔ K` |O_=O^ JO`\ ==i<~. =~ P
~~x O^ ~<~. ==i#\ =O ~^ `<~.
=~ JH_ #O_ J^H=#\ #~H^ "K, iq<~. =
H K=`~O J\k. Jk Jx~KhO, J^Ò.
J~` <<! ~=KO^! WÔ` Kz h= qOK=# <g ^.
P ~~x ~}"_. ~^ ~~`=# P~kOK. P ~~`=<
qOK.
''WÔ` <^. << D ~=#O^ JO`s#OQ iOz<#. <# HxÔ@
ZH_ Un^.... J# O=## P~OK.
=# LO_ ^+=#h `yOKHx, x~_=H=.
P`~=_" q~l. D ^$=O` h ~OQ PkOK.

13. r= Lù #=
N~=_ : ^~! ''|= #O_ D r= L`#"<~ Jx K|_K#k
H^! J\ ==~=# HQ*K# ^` Z=~ L<~?
N=+ =i : F ~=KO^! XH =$H=#O_ P =$H= H , P x
QO^= P =$H=# Ja#"#" H^! J> H~, P H~ H H UH" J~
LO\~. D H~ H#|_ ~O_ _ ~=^"#\ |= #O_ =H=

b#=Q@ P`== #O^ ==" LO_@ (H) ''<# |=< J# JYO_
J" Jkf~ x=H''`` =O J=î Oz LO_@O.
514
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
=`<~. WH_ K=`~O KK"? "" xH U H# LO_#\ x~ ~ |=
#O^ J*#=K r=`= iOKK#k. PHO, 'x hÒ HxOkH^!
Wk _ J\^.
''D r= |= #O_ L`#=~ J<k_ J`"# Ô`"#x,
Jk J*#=K`< |K#^x QOK. ~` *# LO_K@ W\ Ou
"H= K@ LO_^. ZO^HO> ^ `H# L#K@ =`", ''XH^x #O_,
=~H\ L`#=Q@ J< ^~ #= U~_Q ^. ''^+
^$=# HeOz îOK@K,
^+ HO> "~Q ^$= ^ J# J=Q#` _# J^ ùO^ q*#=
~_#C_, WH P J\ ^=# LO_^.
J~` Q~= `= t+O^ L`"`="# H = ~k^H#@
gQ XH<H ^ H==# ~zOKK, ''Wk |=, g~ r=. g~ |=#O_
|~`=~ J# ^ ` H## uk<~. WÔ` ^ HeyOK>H J~
LOk. H= #O^ QOK|_k _ W\ H<H=". XH" 'Jkf=Q |=
#O_ H JOQ_Q ~=` #O_ D H#|_Ô` L`#=Òk Jx KCH<,
J@ L`#=Q@ L^#H~}O |" (H ~= `) J~LO_e. ZO^HO>
~=`# xqOK#k =~n LO_*^H^! H#H, ''D [Q` |= H
~". ^+ |= HO> "~#"_ H_ Jx =# WH_ kOk. ZO^HO\"?
''LùH =O^ D [Q` ZH_ L#k? |=#O^ O~~ O J}y#k
=! |= ^+^~#= =O^, ^xK`# `H|_H, JOQ"#k.
OuK ''LùPH~==#J#== J# ~=` _ D [Q`
Ok. OuK` |" W@ [Q` Q HxOK@O [~QK#^x "= ÔfHi< O.

JOMH=# D r=~h |= #O_ L`#" =~ P ~=^=Q

|=#O^ ~OKK<~. [=< |^^= (Bubbles) z b#=Q
K<~ H^! uH= O^ D r=~ ''$+u J< H W>
[~QK#k. J~`, ~+xH, J`x H~ +QO^= = ^ O ^ . [=[
Hê H = Jq ~ O_ ~= ` #O_ L`#", uiy ~= ` O^ ~OKK<~.
N~=_ : =hO^! =# D ^` <Q=#+^=`[O` ~= OK uH
L^ Hx<~ H^! W=h Z\ U~_=<~?

uH= $+ - u - =
F Lù H~}O G 515
N =+ =i : D =~ =~ U~_K# OKuH L^x\h xiOKK#k

JO`~OQ=x "#. "# OH= "~Q Ug H= H^!
=#O^ U~_K# J= = H~}O P`H q~}"
=! ''P` H ~=# U=izO_@ J#^xH "~Q [<O`~ ^`
Un <^. ''=# ZH_ LO_ Z=~ U^ K<~ J##Ô` "=O
H^. ^+ H (1) Ja+, (2) P`q~}.... D ~O_ JO`\ H H~}=QK#^x
QOK. ""xH [# =, H~ =.

14. ''H~ == L<? "?

N~=_ : =`! ''[# = H~ = Jx g~ JO@#C_, < K
O^ =<~. ~Q~`# ^K D H=# "^=ÒQ ^~=, =`=
"^# q x~~ OK|_<~H^! J\Q $`, ~}, HH`= =zOK
Wu= "^#q, _ L<~. ''<#~! Wk }O. Wk O. Wk
W\ KO_. Jk J@ KHO_ Jx P qkq^#=# G= [#
KCK<~.
D OKO q^ `Q}`, n~, KH\ =^$+ H"~, |
H`~= Ok#"~ JQ ^ = OKi< ~. "i ", "i PK~} ,
"i G"M#= ``*<#=O x J< =} J=K<~.
J#~}=`<~. J\ Gx==, P~x~= J#iOz J<H =Ok
[# `=H Lz` J#z`=# x~~ OKHx, JC_ =i < ~. HO^~ `
''W`_ ^= K# =~O #_KH=@O^. JO^K` W`xx "= |+i
<O Jx _ JO@ LO\~. O^=O^#= =O\ tK~=# J#iOKx
"iH ^Y" HQQ^x Hfu _ L#k.
Q =`! D ''H~H~ J# ~O_ _, XH^xK =~H\ HQK#=x
HO JO@ LO\~. Gfu _ J\Q LO\Ok. J#Q, ''H~K` H~ U~_
Òk. H~, H~x kOKOk. K@ #O_ q`, q`#O_ K@ U~_K#@....
r=x =# H~, P H~ =# r=_ LxHx U~@ KHO@<~ Jx J~O
J=Òk. g~ KC K#@Q<, D r=_ U "# HeyO_ D O~ O[~OxH
`|_K<_ J\ "## J#iOK #==# _ O^@O [~Q
Òk. "# [# =O. P "# U~_K#k ZH_#O_? H~#O_ H^!
516
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
=s! WÔ` W@O_Q, WC_ J < O^"q\ K`#. q#O_.
''[# c[`"# H~ JO@ Un ^. Z\ H~}O O_< D r=
|= #O_ L`#=QK<~ Jx g~ JH_H_ JO@#@Q < Jx
=Ok. ZO^K`? H~ J L<? [# HeQk H~ =O K` H^?
`x Hx "H L<~. P "H=x ~=# J#iOz ^+~,
H~ "\ "\ [#=# Hey LO\~H^! =i, g~ H~ ==~"
u~iOz, ''WK, P` q~} JO`\ H H~}O JO@<~q\? 'H~, 'H~ D
~O_ _ L`#=`~H^! H|\ D [Q` [# H~ ` ~"
H^! |= #O^ H~ ==~" ^#HO> |~Q D J<H q^=#
^+, (H) r=O` H~ $ H~ ==~O O_ Z@ [xOKK<~x J~O
KH"e?
|= (P ~=`) H~}~`_, =`_ Jx H^ g~ J<~!
J\ |= #O^ 'PH= "^# D J#==# =KK# ^~=,
|^=_ "^Q J<H H; L^, P #" Z\
U~_K<~? H~HO> "~# H~}O U=O@Ok? D H#|_Ô` '$+ J# H~
~" H^? WÔ` H~#=" J~#C_ D [# H~ ==~O
u~iOK@"\ KO_?
XH" g~ ''H~ =. H~ x+[#"#q Jx ÔfHiOK@O [iy`,
JC_ HO #~H^# Qi# " O_Òk. JC_ H OH~"
U~_Òk. O Òk. O H ` HO ''=` <O (z#K#
^K qOQ@O) =iOz, |=O`_ |#} O_. JC_ ~<#"
K~Q^ _. g! ''|=#O^ H~ =. [# H~ H~}O H^ Jx
JO@#C_ g~ HO` OkQ=< HQ*<~. F "^=~}! =O^ <H
=^#O W=O_.
XHxK x~iOK|_# H~ =O`= J=`? H"? D < O=#
`yOKO_.
N =+ =i : F ~=! H~ q+" =Oz "=. D =^#O q#. nx
=# HO` q+"# *#O HQÒk.

L^ II ''^Hs ^=u - Hs =u II
''}" }# H~} =u # H~} *ÌI
F Lù H~}O G 517
=# O|O^"# H H~ c[= H^! W@ =#` K# HH eÒ

_ a LO@Ok.
^= $+ O^ ~ |= #O_ =<~= Pq~q OzOk. J\ ^= $+
=O< =<~ L^K HQK# =+=+ r= H~ _ H\ Ò
J=K<~. JC_ D r= ~ H~ "<#~O ^=O^ Ja=#O Hey
LO@<~. ''+= ^x "# "~"~ H#> ''=#, H~ J#|_ ~O_
"~"~#q H=. "\O^ Ô ^. qA#"~ 'H~} (tinge of activity) <
'H~ Jx JO@<~. O~ ~=Q =# J\ H~ PO H|\, H~
=#. <<! ~=! Z=_ ZH_< LO_=K. H~H eÒ#O_ =Ò
ÒKH_. Jk Oz f~Òk.

''H~ JO> Uq\? D [# O^ Qx, W`~ [#O^ Qx x~iO
|_# =#` _#\ ~+`= =! J\ ~+ Ò Z#\H
x+[#O H^.
Jq^K L^qOz# D =# H=O`=QK#k. D =# 'z^` H
Lk H^! H#H H~H _ D =# JQK#k. h= K`#@ ''K|_#
H~ =O`= HO_ LO_@ K|_x H~ eOK@ D ~O_ k~ q+
H=. G=}= D q+ " J<HK @ x~ < ~. JO^K` '=`<=
H ^.
N~=_ : J~` =s! XH H~, ^x #O_ e`=..... P e`= #O_ =~H
H~ .... D qÔ Q Ki`K~ }
OQ Q=#^<? D H~ ==~=# <#=O@
< ^? D =# Z\H WO`<?
N=+ =i : '#^#= O_` JC_H 'H@H _ LO_^ H^! J>,
H~ #t, H~ ~" J~ L# =# _ OQ OuOk.
''<# JH~# J# J=Q# H~<#=.
H~<#" =<<#=. J>, =# #tOK@ H~H OH= J~
L#k. J~`, J\ =<<#= = =`" HQK#k =! ''<# ~`H=Q
|=< J##\ J#u~H"# Z~H Q"_, J#=~H"# [#

^=$+ : =$uQx ~Q=Qx #\ z#~_ D r=_. J\ ~#== #O_
^$+x H '=$ux, '~Q=# J=OaOK@O ~OaOK@ K`< $+ Ok. J\ ~O"
^= $+.
518
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
~~KH#"_ =_. #H =H ~= Ok# `~"` WH =#
LO_^. =# ^ H#H 'H~ _ LO_^. |^#\ J*# =Ò =#
LO_ LO@Ok. =# L#O`=~ H~ , P H~ e `= LO_ f~`~.
Jy, L+`=# Q=xOK"? P ~O_\ XH\ H} ~O_=k _ H}Ok
H^! 'z`= H~ J# D ~O_O\ XH\ #t, ~O_=k _ =Q<
#tOk. D z`= ~} ~=# Ok, q`"#\ x+^"#\ H~ (acts
which one 'should do' and 'should not do') ^~ } = ~=#, ^~^~=
~=# i}qOKK#k. H~ _, ^x Q#~OQ, '~} ~=#

(H K#~=#) Ok 'z`= JQK#k. "" xH D ~ O_ XH>. J~<_
'z`=, H~ J# ~O_ ~` HO ==iOK|_Òk. Wq ~O_ XH^xH
=~H\ H~}=, ~= JQK#q.
z`~`" "H=. H H~~`" "H=.
'H~~`= J#Q ''x+ ~"# [_`=# P~OK@ Jx =Ò
J~O KH_^ =! =iOH=O\"?
`##`# 'JH~Q `#Oê JH~`` =# îOKK#"_ P`==Q<
+OKK<_. eÒQ H~ $`=#, H $`=# JkQq<_.
G= J<HK @ K |_# q`x+^ H~ JOu= [#O H~ ~`"
H z`~`". J#Q, ''<-O H~! <-O H! <# H~# H^ H#
H^! ....J# ~=Q P` H ^~ =# D r=_ OìOKH#@ L`" `=
O` #" #^x H;^$+K [# Q OK^~ QH! J\ O`=#JO`~O Q
u '"H= J# |=K ==iOK|_Òk. ~O H JO`~qÒ =
ÔQ JOQ J=îOK"_ `ÔQ H~ Jf`_ "QO^K<_.

15. =# H ~=
N =+ =i : F ~=! D =# H ~O =# =! qOK@
''=# HeyO_@ J~ L#k. =# K# =O Hk. =# K`< P
H ~ h x~ i O | _ K <~. H H ; ` =#, J^ $ ~ ` =#
Ok#C_ Jq JO`~OQO O~ ~=# H H;"# ~=#
(Subtle tendencies) Ok LO@<~. J\ O~=# J#iOK qH
[#, H~, = r= O^@O [~QÒk.

F Lù H~}O G 519
N~=_ : g! g~ =# QiOz Hx q+ K~. K=`~"# H^

_ qx<~. D =# ^$_OH`H"# ~O Hey LO\O^x, [_
K`#=< L ` Hey LO\O^x <# Q<#. D =# H
~"q\ ^K =iHO` q=iOKO_.
N =+ =i : J#O`_, ~H=O`_, ="+`_ J~#\ P ~=`
"@"^@ ''OHeOK@ J# =#`_# H~=# HiOKK<~.
J\ OH`H=Q ^= H# H ~" =#. Jk qH`H"#
==~= ` J` ~O_\ =^ ' $u ~=# LO_ LO\Ok.
$u ~=Q =# ''=#.
z^", ~[" OK PÒ^ ''<-""^ <# U^ Z~Q#
J##\ XH<H fu Jx~Kh"# H~}OQ HQK#k. J\ fu ''=#.
JH~ JH J~#\ z^HÒ^ ''<# H~# J# ==~= ^x=#
HQÒ^ .... J^ ''=#.
F ~"! ZH_< Q}~`_# 'Q} LO\_? 'Q} Jx JO>< ''Q}=
H"_ Jx J~O H^! D [Q`#O^ O^==Q H<`H"# H
H` =# _ LO_@O OqOK^H^. Jy L+= "~"~Q LO_@O
OqO^! ^ H^! H~H"# =# =<H"# r= "~"~H^.
"~~Q LO_*~. D z`= (H =#) ''î} (that which produces fruits of
action) J# OH=< s~OQ Hey#k. Wk ===. H~}~`=.
J<H q^=# ~K#`, H#` _#k. "<`=. J\ D z`=

[QÒ` ""#k.

Z=_, ZK@ U ~=# L#@ H# K_, P H## J#iOz
~=Q J\ ~=< J`_ O^K<_. '"# J#|_ =$H= (The tree of
tendency) # H~ c[= J~ L#k. =# H Qu D s~=. (This
'Physical Body' is merely one sequence of 'Thought') z`qz`=# P Hh
"<=$H= H Y. PJ#`= JQK# H= P =$H=

H O_. J~` *#Q"~ =Ò 'JOQ= (Unattachment) J< XH<H
^<# Q_e` D "<=$H=# H\ "` Òz"<~.
=# `# Uq zOuO^ ^xx J#iOK H~Ok P #
x~i LO\~. JO^K` ''=# H~ Jx =#O x~~<O. ~=#
520
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
=~z# ''Jiz# z^H~ _ JQ ~ |= HH`m Q=K`, JH`Q
XH =O q+=" L#Y=QK#k. J@ L#Y=QK# 'z`H<
P uQ`# J#iOz J<H ~` GH~K =|_@O [~QÒk.
^ K`#=#O^ ^ H~ ~H~H ~^= HeOK|_~. ^
K`#= U H~}=Qx, L^#=Qx O_<, JH~}OQ XH<HC_
Jq^K H+`"#@ LO\Ok. JC_ ''~} (*H=) H ~= Hey,
qH=K J<H ~=# O^K#@ qOKK#k. ''=$` Z\ ~_
_K<~? J< q+O h= QOK\xH gQ D Q"+=#O^, `k`~
P^` G=O^ LyOK|_# Hx ^*=# K`#, q#-
1) =# : ''~}# ==Q Hey# =#. 'qOK@ J# ==.
2) |k : ^~= ''=O^ "#H # ijeOK@O. ''D == (H q+=,
H ==~= H =H) W\k J# q+=# QOKQQ#\ =~=.
3) JOH~= : q^ J~#\ D ^ = @ ''<h ^ =#, D ^ =#O^
=`" L<#. ^ iq`_#. `k`~ _ ^ =` J##\ ^ a=#=
Hey, J\ ''iq`` # OQ P~OK#C_, P =" JOH~=.
''<#<#<k<k J# ~=Q JOH~" ~ J#~= `= JQK#k.
JO^K`< nxx '|O^`= JO@ LO\~.
4) z`= : `y#O`Q qK~} KO_< XH q+=# Hi, =~H
q+=# `l LO_ ''xH_x`#=.
5) H~ : K`#O O^= (K#O)# =Y^~=Q Hey LO\Ok. J\ O^=
U~_K# =O, J^= `"#^x= QKi LO@Ok. ''<# H~#Q
K<#. J# =# Ok# K`#O s~, J="^# XHK\ #O_ =~H
K\H H^@ P`=QK#k. P WOk=# xqOK@ PK#
- =# ~=# =$`=QK#k. J\ =$` ==~=< 'H~ JO@<O.
6) H# : K`#= PHHOQ (HH`mOQ) `#H ~=#
O|OkOz# ~=## `lOz, `# Ja+Oz# iz# ==#, H, '<#
JO~=# J# "eux HeOKH#K#k. JC_ P z^" ''H# J< ~`
=|_Òk.
'H~OO HO`= J##q ^+ H ''H< ==~O HiOK@
~H# `lOK@# J#iOK LO@<~.
7) O$u : ~= Kz#q, K_xq, =i WC_ K#q JQ"\
F Lù H~}O G 521
QiOz U~_K# x=K JO`H~}= K+Ò (flexible) JQK#k. ^$=`

U~_K# Y-^Y =x`"# O|O^" ''O$u.
8) "# : K` # = `# J#q Oz# =i qOz# ^~= # H;
=<~=# Hey LO\Ok. J@ H;", H;K `" LO_#\ P
K`#" '"# Jx =|_Òk.
9) q^ : XH<HC_ D K`#" ''^=Q P``` "H> `"#k. D
^ ` ^$+ Jq^ K`< HQK#k. ^~xH D ^$fu JO` =_"
`= H<H^ J##\ *# ~=# HtOKK#k. JC_ P Oq^`<
'q^ J< ~` <~.
10) `= : D K`#= HjÒ O^@" Ò. J\ J<H
`= Hx P`# =~OKq, =iHx P`# Q~ Kq J~ LO@<~.
11) == : `k`~" # =# H ''P=~} D P`# =~Q~z , qiOK@
KOk. J\ P=~} H ^#= (over-covering) =# D PÒ^ P~OK
|_#Ô` '== J< |=K ==iO|_Òk.
12) q $u : q^~"# P qH=K J<H ~H=# PK#
O|OkOz# qH= (perturbances) U~_K<~. K`#= H 'qH H
^#" q $u.
13) WOk= : =<~=# OìOKH# K` # = q#K, KKK,
$tOKK, PkOKK, "# KKK, OHeOKK LO\Ok. W@ P
WOk=K Q#=H~=# x~Ok. `^~ D r=`= Ok#
'WO^_ J# ~` K |_ D~x `$ ~ K K<~ H#H, "\x 'WOk=
JO@<O.
14) H$u : ~=` WOk Z^~Q H#|_"_, QOK|_"_ H_.
J#Q ^$ ^$+K J`_ JH`_ (one who cannot be experienced by 'sences') J~
L<_. J\ ~= Ò^, J`x HO> U=Ò "~ H#\ H~ $`~= U~_Òk.
Wk h\ O^ `~OQ= U~_@=O\^. ''<# H~#QK<# J# H~ $` ~=
H~}=Q U~_K#^ 'H$u.
15) = : ^ K`#=#O^ XH<H q~} U~_K#k. P q~} ....
`=Q P`# q^Q#, q^~"# D [Q`#, WOê J#==# JÒ`
^$_"# `=Q# ÔKK#k. ``= qH=# `=QK#
K`#= H =" ''=.
522
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
16) H : q#@O, K_@O, P}OK@O, ~zK_@O, ~ =O\ P
H~ K K` # O H=#O^ H~H~}~` = O^K#k. J^ 'H J#|_Òk.

F ~= ! XH q+O Q=x<"? W=h K`#= H ~O`~=.

K` # O q+ #Y"# C_ Jq^K =e#=QK#k. ~} ~^~ <x O^Òk.
K`#" =Q z`= H ~= HiOk, `^~ O~ |O^=#
`Q#K#k. J\ `= ~__#^, =#O KCHO@# J<H ~ `QK#k.
K`#= `# `< ''<# J*xx, |^_#, D îq`_# J##\
^+=`_# =##, J#= kx O^K#k. WOk#==@ Q
PHK U~_# ^ `"< HOH=# ''`# =" J~#@ PkOKHO\Ok.
JqK~} =OK` ~=Q `# ~= #O_ 'Ku (displacement) O^K#k.
KK", ZC_` K`#= qq^ H#` Q_# [_=Q D ^^" Ja=YO
JQK#^ JC_ P z^==< 'r=_ Jx, '=# Jx, 'z`= Jx, '|k Jx
.... W@ J<H q^=# |=` KCO@<O.
~=` ^= #O_ `y, Jq^K HOH`"# D K`#".... P H\ `
=QK# =$` # J#iOz .... P ~` GH~K =|_Ò^x Q OK.

16. =# [_=? K`#=?

N ~=_ : Q~=~! =hO^! WO`H D '=# J##k [_=? K`#=? D
q+O WOH < ^_<^.
N =+ =i : D =# z` Jz` ~"#k. J#Q, Wk [_=H^.
K`#= H^. K`#" O~ ^ O^ Lk ^+O` _Hx L#C_ '=#
Jx =|_Òk. J#Q, K`#=# "~Q '=# J#|_#k Un ^. 'PK#
J##k PzOK"xH "~Q LO@O^? LO_^ H^!
''=# `J` qH}" LO\Ok Jx K|_Òk. D =# [Q`
J#|_ J#==# H~}`" LO\Ok. Hx =## ~=` H~}O H^
=! Lk ^ O K` a#a#OQ H#|_@@ K # k D =#. Jq^K HO H`" #
K`#" =# H, z`=. P`# Qi# x`= H~#C_ HQ
u 'z`= Jx K|_Òk. z`= K`< D [Q` J# ~K# yOK|_Ò^x
QOK"_ P` H ==# O^@ J~_QK<_.
F Lù H~}O G 523
=## ''=e<kx Ok#\ K`#= H [_ K`#= =^Q

He`"# KOK~" Jx _ J#=K.
z^= =e<k` O|OÔ U~~KH#K#C_ (<K QOK|_ K# D
^$= JO`~` " # D s~" '<# J# = Ok#C_), J\ O|O^= K
KOK =H=QK#k. J~` P=~}~`= ^$ Kz#C_ Jx"
^+~ÒQ#, HOH =iÒQ< LO_LO\Ok _! JO^K` =# [_=
H^, K`#= H^. D =#H JOH~=, |k, r=_ "^# z`qz`=#
~ L<~. XH #@_ J<H "+= îOz, <@H=_K# =O J<H
~` H K QOK|_`_ KK"? D =# H ^ O K J<H ~ Hey#k.
D zÒ H qq^ O[ QiOz =#O KC H<O H^! nx< a# Ja
H"~ H< ÔK` J<H s`Q K@O [~QÒk. J<H `~ q`~=K
U~_K# Ja=`=# J#iOz, HO^~ 'J}`=, ^=`= "^# ^~ =#
=# Pk<~. `= |k ~}=# J#iOz =<|kWOk=
O*^=# W, "~ z`qz`=# s`Q îOKK<~. D =##
HO^~ '[_" # k JO@<~. =iHOî Ja#~O Wk r=xH# a#"# k.
JQ 'JOH~O, |k QiOz _ XHH~ XH qÔQ K@O [~QÒk.
WH = Ja"q\ K`# q#.

<~ (Q`= =i) : JOH~O XH<H ^=q+O. D r=_ JOH~=# ~
=O\"_. =# J}~"#k. WH |k, JO`H~}O - P` O|OkOz#q. P` H`~"#
`~"` |k, JO`H~} LO_ LO\~. Hx =#, JOH~ =Ò `lOK|_`~.
OY (H=x) : ''|k J<k H$u K# <. `~[`"Q}= ^~#"
H$u. |k =`` =. |kx qOz#^n ZH_ ^. |kx J#iOK JO` LO\Ok. =#
^HO_ WOk= JO`~`" L#\k.
K~ (K~_) : |k D s~=# JO`~`= LO\Ok. Jk s~= H ^~O
J~ L#k. K`#= _ s~= H Q}= H H}= =`". JOH~~=#< 'P` Jx
K|_k L#k. J~`, Jk s~=` =Ok. s~O` Òk. ~~qK~= K#k =#.
J\ D =## OÒK@ |kH ^~=.
OK~` : '"^=_ J# ~Q ~=` #O_ 'OH~}_ J# ~Q r=_
HeQ_. P OH~}_ JOH~=. "x #O_ '^=_ J# =#, 'Jx~^_ J< |k
U~_K<~. ~= "^==". qQ`Ô` =.
"+ : 'JOH~= J<k _ XH<H ^=q+". WH D '|k S^ qH=K S^
q^=Q LO\Ok. Jq - $u, `H=, J#==, `~=, q~=. JOH=# H~ r=_.
JOH~=# ^\#C_ +OK#^ ~=` #=.
524
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
JOH~O, =#, |k "^#=h OH=$u ÔK` "~"~Q =|_
K#\H, JO`H~} = H UH` =K J=h XH~ " J~ L<~. OHeOK
"x #O_ OH= "~H^ H^! KK"x #O_ K"~? JO^K` K`#"
JOHiOK#_ JOH~=,
x~~OK#_ |k
=##= K#_ =#
JO`Qx 'JOH~=, '=#, '|k .... J##"g q_Q U=Ò <=.
H~ "~Q H ZH_O\~? ~x #O_ ~H~}= "~? J~`, ....
J@ JOHiOK@ =O^ .... K`#= LO_L#k. qOK@ =O^ qOK
"_ LO_< L<_ H^! J\ 'J" J# =<H '[~QK#C_ `lOK#_
.... U~_ LO_k, +OKn P K`#". JOH~=# Jf`"# ^$+` iHOz
K ''~= K`#=" Jx è=Ok.
JYO_=Q K`#= '<# YO_`_# Jx qOK>.... JOHiOK@ J~
L#k.
D =<|k z` JOH~= QiOz "~ "~ PK~ "~ "~ H#`
`= t+ kOK@O [iyOk. "~ "~ H=O^ |î# @~
^~OQ L# XH #Q~=# PH~^ O|OkOz# qq^ J=Q#` qq^
s`Q î LO\~ H^! J> "~"~ Q~= `= t+# fik^\xH "~
"~ Ô` ukOz<~. "~O` "i "i |k H J#==# |\,
t+ H J=Q< =~=# J#iOz-`= H èÒQ `=
QOzOk x~~Oz [ K@O [~QÒk.
J\ "i HO^~ P`^=# Jk+OK@ uOKK<~. =iHO^~
~=~=Q |``=# Jk+OKH =@K HO` JiH`` _# J=Q#
Hey LO@<~. WH "i"i t+ HO^~ J~=Q J=Q#K`, Q~=
L^= Uq\ iQ QOKO_, ''g Ô`=h `C. = Ô`" i
J~#k J##\ H#, ~Q^+= îfQ "^"^=O^
x=QQK<~.
"= "q\ Q Oz# `~ "` .... ''P^~= #O_ P`== îOz#_,
J@ `KK#k. P` ""xH Jx~Kh"#k. J^xx "Qx, =#Qx
H\ OK=. ^+ H ~= #O_ Jk "~H^. JO^~ Jk J~ LO_,
J> x< ~. ^# |\ =# ^+= `QK<~. x~"# =#
F Lù H~}O G 525
~=` =Q, +=Q JO`~$^~_ H\ `=QK<_ Jx

è=Ok. ` "^ Q Oz#"_ WH "^"^= x+[#=x, H#
#x `HO@<_. ''~= ~OKQ, WH J\H +Oz, qieO_
<H ~" WÔ` Jx QOKK<_. `#H "= ~O
QiOz =~H~ ÔfHiOz K=# JQÒ WH HxOK^.

J< "~"~#\ ''^H^$+ H =OK` Hx qkx==

O|OkOz# PK~J=Q# Ô Hey LO@<~. J\ "i HO^~, ''D
=~" L`= "# k Jx O ~ # ^+ LO@<~. J\" i =iHO^~
''KK J\ =# ^# `=Q H~O^ PHQ z` JQK<~.
Q~= "H=x *#~x u~i H=O PK~==~=
iq` J<H ^^$+ #QK<~. ''~O YeÔ | .... u XH_
|" J~L<_ =O\ Lx+` =} "H=# U=~KK<~.
H~, qkq^#= J<H s`Q LO>LO_h. P`qK~} q+O J<H
Q~= Ja === `H QOK=K#. WO^ `=O@Ok?
J~`, =#=_ =<<~= H~ uOKe, QOKe, q<e. J<H`=
JO`s#" *[=#OQ Ht# UH`= H J#ux O^@ L^_
H"e. JO`Qx, ''Wk WO`=~H. WH ""n q#O, QOKO J##\ =~=Q
`, qz`` He`=K#=` P` a#`= PkOK@ Lz`=
H^x = JaO.

#=, ^#= "^# H K"_ P H# U q^"# H~ $`=`

K_, J`x =# J> q+=# O^K#k.
D Hh ## q`} KQ= }=O`x KQ=- i
~KQ= ^xxQ KQ= *xxQ KQ= JO^QxQ KQ=.
.... D q^Q Z=_ U q^"# =#K J`_ Pf~Q< O^Q_. =i,
=# H "z`= J\k. =# ^xx Z@ q Jk J> `" Ok.
"~"~ PK~ ''JOH~==#|k~=` QiOz K# =K~O
_ "i"i t+ J> `" `KK#k.

526
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
XH_ "~"~ = O^~= "~"~ H~H==O^ x=Q"
L<_#H... J`_ Z\HC_ K# xx |\ ''==\"_~k==
^~_@O| [=x=_q`_ .... Jx P O^~= "~"~
[#K =|_K LO_=K. J~#\H, P =H P Jx O^~=##
''XH_ J~ L<_ H^! =# Jx " XH> J~LO@#\H, Jk x~iOK
H~H==# J#iOz, ''r=_, "#, H~ "^# ~` =|_K#k.
J~` D r=O^ LO_, D ~ J#==# O^K#k z`" H^!
ZO^HO\"? z`~`_ U^< K#\H Uk QOKH (QOKH)
LO@<_. z``_, lOK@, "#KK@, `^~ Y^Y=# O^@
[~QÒk. XHK@ LO_ # ~=# K_Q Q@ "`~ H~}O J~#@,
= ^~=# Pq^=Q QOK\xH =# H~}O. JO^K`, ''|^
z`= H"_ =`" |O^=# O^K<_. ''=H z`= H"_ '"Hq
JQK<_.

'=# [_= J#@O Z\? Jk OK#= Hey LO\Ok H^! h 'K`#=

Jx JO^=?
1. Jk =Q KeOK^. P`H g= =`" 'K#=Qu#
HiOKQQK#k.
2. Jk K`#" J~ LO> WH J^xH [_~"# *#" (iq`"#, YO_"#
*#") LO_k H^.
JO^K`< ''Jk [_= H^. K`#= H^ Jx "@"^> K#. J\
=# ZC_` =H==@O [~QÒ^, JC_ D [Q` _ [_K`#=
qH}" Pq~qOKK#k.
=# UH~"#C_ (Ou ~=# `lOz |H~=# Ok#C_)
WH P =~H}O D [Q` W@O_^. J#Q J\"x ^$+ [Q` x^ JQK#k.
WOê J<H` =, ^~` = #tOKK#k. J#Q, D [_K` # [QÒ ` ~`
H O^~< qOQ J#`==Q^. J@QH =# =e#[O Q
H+`"#C_ =# [Q` H~}~=Q (WÔ` W@ `K@ ''H~}=Q)
~O^K#k. J\ H+`"#\ =+~ =# #O_ D HxOK [Q` JO`
L`#"#k =!
F ~=KO^! ^+^$ +, [_^$ + `y<, JC_ D =# |" JQK#k.
F Lù H~}O G 527
''D =# [Q` H~}= J#@O _ J=O[" Jx JxOKHO\Ok.

h ''^~*" O~=# H~}= JO^=? ^~=O` [_
~" H^! [_"#k XH<H H~ $`=# Z\ x~iOKQ^ KC? JO^K`
''O~=# ^$" H~}O J#@O HHO H^.
=# [_
K`# qQ=
qQ=
> >
[_ =`=Q =# O~=# H~}O H*^. H#H ''[_= K`#=

_ H#\ =<qQ" ^~= _ H~}=QK#k.
z`= ~ [Q`_ ~OKK#k. z`=x"xH [Q` LO_^. WH_
''~Ò H=@O J#Q ''x~=Q@ Jx J~O. H= XH> J~, |`ÔK
J<H ~= îOKK#@ .... XH =# qq^ H~K (z`=, JOH~=
"^#) qq^ <==# îOk.
N~=_ : =hO^! D r=xH JOH~O, WOk, H, ^=
"^#=h .... J<H O^~= J`x< kOKK<~ H^! =i, 'WÔ`
=# J~ L#k. r=xH =# J`xx kOk J#@O =O[=?
H^"? D r=x ^dO*@O ''JOH~O, WOk, H, ^=
` Uq\ ? J=h =#HO> "~H^! =# H ` Uq\?
N=+=i : =#` O|OÔ O_< D JOH~=, WOk=, H,
^= r=x k<O\"?....T! =# #C_ _ Jq W`xx
HaO*Qey`, JC_ ''=# HO> J=h "~ Jx <#_ XCO\#.
Hx J@ [~Q@O^. H#H =# HO> J=h "~H^. F ~=! Z=~< ''^=
"~. =# "~. r=_ "~ Jx "kO>, J\"~ ^~ ==# Ziy#"~
H^< = JaO. *#=# O|OkOz# L`= tH} O^H=@K`< "~
J\ "k<~. =# ''^#== J# "+=# "Ok. 'r=_ Jx =#O
JO@#k =#<.

528
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
'=#H ~"H" LO_@K, `~ H _ =# J< ^=x O^ LO_
LO\Ok.
^ K`#=#O^ [_` ~=Q H+` H L^~Oz# =~H}O D
[Q^ z`=O` HQÒk.
'K`#= J~#\ ~Q #O_ [_=Q Ò`= (^~O) L`#=Q
K#k H^! x`*# ~_# ~|= #O_ =<~=Q H$u [##OOk,
~k^HO\Ok.
Jq^ H~}O K`< `~ q`~=# J<H =# z`=#O^
~__K<~.
K`#= H ~ =$` '[Q`. Hx, =K [Q` K`#=# "~#kQ
`K|_K#k. J#Q, =# H "=~O P`K`#"! H#H, D Z^~Q
H#|_Ô`-[_K`#=` P` K`#q<"!

x~=Q K` # "H> D r==<|kJOH~ ~=Q k H K#k.

Jk HO K`#=x, r==x, z`= Jx [_=x .... WOH J<H O[K
=|_K#k. D q+O O= J=~=^x Kù H\ OKK<#.
P`K`#O DqÔQ JkfO! x`x~O!

F Lù H~}O G 529
VII. z`KOK=
1. D H#|_Ô` L#k =#<<?

N~=_ : =s! =# H#|_K# D [Q` "z`=O` =# #O_
Pq~qOÔ\~? WÔ` =# He`"Hx, =iOHg H^x g Ja=?
N =+ =i : J=#. XH Z_i KO_ ~`[= H~}OQ L`#"#
=$Q`$+ P ~`[=# P=iOz#^ [Oux HQ*@O [~QÒk H^!
J> [_=Q =# O H=O`"# P`# P=iOz" LO_QQÒk.
=# H [_=# O|OkOz# JO" P`# =~Q~z LOKÒk. J\
''=~Q [Q`Q Ok. D qÔQ ''=# [Q`# H~}O Jx h=
K#k JH~ x[".
D [Q` |~"! J~`,... =# '[Q` J# PH$ux Ok, XH K@
=#+~=Q#, =~HK@ ^=`~=Q# ~_O^K#k. XHK@ ~H
~OQ#, =~HK@ H~OQ, WOHHK@ QO^~ ~OQ#, H<~ ~OQ#
J=ìOKK#k. JO`H^. D =# a# a# PK~=Q, OK`=Q,
Q=, #Q~k ~=Q qiOKK#k. =q~" _ =# =H
=QK#@ "= î<=. H|\ F ~[#~! g~O` D =# QiOK
Q qKiOKO_. D =# H H , = "z`= QOKO_.
J\ =## ijeOK@O =ê, Q_ ~H H `=O\ D ^=
QiOz, Z^~Q HxOK P ^$ O|O^ ==~= QiOz =`" qKiOK@O
K` =K [#"g LO_^.

~"H=Q D [QÒ` =# K`< i~"#k. J\ D =##

kOz#C_ =`" D H~ H~ ~= KH Q è|_Q ^. H~ H~ K=`~
=O` QOz# `~"` WH P ~=` +OKK#^x = J#="#k.
J\ P` ~ == Jf`", ~" J~, ~=# P"#k. J^x
H$uOK`< D =# HO ~y_QQ_O, q^=Q q[$OaOK@O
[~QÒk _! D '=# J##k P`H 'WK-PK# J# ~"# 'H~
#x "= ZOKK<=.
530
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
J\ =# D ^^ _ H~}O. =# L`#=Òk. Jk q[$Oa
Ok. Jk Jx " =iOk. Jk ~OKK#k. JO` Hx 'P` H^.
ZO^HO\"? P` [## =~}^, Lù =. <<! ~=! D P`
qKiOK|_O^, WH =# OQ< ~OKQ^x GxO. =# ~Oz#
=~H}O "HO OKQ^. =^H"#\ '=# J#|_ H~ H~Oz#_
D r=_ =_ JQK<_. J\"_ D OKO =~ [xOK@ ^.
N~=_ : F =x ! g~ WO`=O^ .... `~["Q}= ^$ D
r=# ^< q^Q =iOK~ H^! "@x\H =Y H~}O ^^`H=Q
D =# J~L#^x <# Q<#. J~`, <^H OÔ. |k~`=Q
^ K`#=#O^ D '=# J#|_#k Z\ L`#"#k? D z`qz`=#
[Qx~}O K qÔQ Jk Z\ qiOk? |k LO> H^ $+ OqOK@O?
=i |kQx, =#Qx Z\ U~_K<~?
N =+= i : Ju q"# =_ 'PH= L<x W`~" K <#.
WC_ =m KCK<#. Jq :
1) `H= (Zone of matter)
2) z`H= (Zone of thought)
3) z^H= (Zone of awareness, consciousness)
~=#=# D =_ "\ "\ H~=O^ === L<~. D
=_\ H ''^ z` H K`< u aOKK#k.
z^H=: [Q`# JO@H, JO`\ H 'H J~LO\Ok. Jk D
|k, =# "^# q LO_@, O_@ _ H `" , D ~ `=O^
UH", ~=#O^ "Oz LO@#k.
z`H= : D r=Oî ==~= W^ `=H^! JO^H nxx ''~
`= (~[# `"#k) Jx _ JO@ LO\~. H~H~}=x\H
W^ =" L#k. JO^K` ~ +" LOk. Wk [Q^ H" qH~" LO\Ok.
`H= : D uH"# HO\H H#|_K#k. Wk k k# "Oz,
q"# ^= H^ LO\Ok. Wk "= H, ~x H, "= H
.... q ~" "K#k.

''=#= =#<O H~}O |O^"H
- =# D r=x H |O^=#, "H=# _ H~}=QK#k.
F Lù H~}O G 531
`H z`H= ~O_ z^H= #O_ L`#=`<~. 'Q

[~QK# H~=x\H Q H~}=QK#@ K`#" Jx\H H~}=QK#k.
''<# [_~_#... <# [_~_# J##\ z^= H =e# x"
=#. nx=#< D PH^ L`#=`<~. J~` ~=! WH_ h= XH
=Y"# q+O Q=xOKe. J^q@O>, P``` = Z~Q#\ "xH L^tOK\O
H" D =_ JH HeOK|_K<~. *x H ^$+H =Ò D =_
qQ=` x <^.
ZO^HO>, ~==Q |"H> JO`\ xO_#k. JO` `< J~
"QK#k. `q+`=~=# H=O^ Jk UH~", x`", 'H=
J< H# x^ HtOKK#k. F ~~=! *# HQ#O`=~ hH
=_ PH= H# LO_< LO@Ok. ~ H# #tOK=~ , *<^ O J=~
W\ L^= J=~" JQK<~. h= _ *<Ô J=~ D
qQ=O` ije LO_.
= HOH`"# z^H= #O_ z`H=, `H= L`#=`<
LO@<~. P! Uq qz`" KK"? ="+`"#\ K`#" ''z``=
('z`= J# =O) # Ok P =e#~ OK=O` [Q` ~=# QOK
K#k. qq^ H#` _#^, ''uH= J# WO^*=# xiOKH#K#k.
''Wk =` z H^! WO^ "O_ LO_\xH J=H"H_? J# *#=
x"_ P =` z O^ "O_< K LO\_. J*xH =`" K`#=
#O^ =e# ~=Q z`= H J#=O HQ@O [~QÒk. HO 'J*#=
J< ^+=K =`" |O^= HQK#k '*#= J# |=K "H~=Q
P#O^= kOKK#k.
D [Q^= H ~= WO` =`".

2. J_q z# @~
F ~=KO^! D 'zÒ J##k ZH_#OK PHHOQ L`#" =z_Ok.
~ , WC_O K e? D zÒ ZH_#O_ = =#HO? =O^Q D z`x 'P`q=H
O^ *Q~ H`` xyOKe. ~, ~`_, |`` ~_Q ~= `
O^ nx QO Ke. H=OQ "#h ~Ò H"e. JC_ U q^"#
H# x^, D zÒ 'P` ~=< O^K#k. P` ~OQ< "QO^K#k.
532
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
D K~K~[QÒ` z`=#H Jn#"#k. J#Q, |O^"H= _
z`= H Jn#O L#> H^! D O^~O ~O < `$^=Q |^=_
< K# z`KOK=# O|OkOz# XH K=`~"# H^ Q~ =Ok. Jk
K`# q#.

XHK@ XH Q J~}O L#k. P J~}O Ju q", #=O`", JOu

=", JuOH~" L#k. ^x =O^ J<H" H [< _ JÒ`
QOQ Hx<~, Jk JO` q~"#^#=@! P =~} JucH~"#
PH~= Hey# XH ~+_ L<_. J`_ J<H K`, J<H H Hey<_.
''="z`_ L<_? Jx J`xx Kz#_ JxOk. K_\xH Ju OH~
"# PH$u` L<_. ''W`_ WH_ UO K<_? Jx <# =iHO` ij#Q
KK#. J`_ `# "k K` ` J<H Qk|O_ fHx `# g `< ^HO@,
P J~}O zzQ OKi<_. J@W@ ~Q f<_. Jun#OQ
`## `< kOKHO@<_. J\ J`_ J<H [#= ^~O iQ `_ O KK#.
O, q"H^$+ H=_O K` JÒ` q=_ _K, . W@ J@ u~QK,
Q J~ L<_. J`x J===h f="# O# J#q<~.
J\ J`_ ~Q f ~ ~ XH `# #u __. P #~
H eQO JÒ` ^@" # pH\ J=x LO_@OK` Jg HxOK@^ .
K \ H P ~+_ P #uOz |@ =K_. |@ =z# =~H}O
=~ `##`< ^HO@ iQ`_O ~OaOK_. K ^~O ~Qu D=@
=~H Ô "tOK_. J`_ "tOz# ^=O` ^@"# =^` xO_
LOk. Jk JÒ` ^H~OQ LO_#k. Jyx gOz# q_`Q JH_ ZO`
HO J#qOK_. JH_ Q ~H = J`x ^=# x~H}OQ kOK~.
WO`< JH_ #O_ K_. `##`< H@HO@ J@W@ ~Q`Q_. J\
K^~O "_. D =@ XH J~\ K@ =#O (`@) "tOK_. P `@
#q<\ KO^x H~}Q jÒQ#, =<~OQ# LO_#k. =~
ZO^H XH H}O P J~\ `@# =ê `## `# ^HO@ ~Q`Q_.
K ^~O iQ `@ OK` J`x J=== z<a#O HQ~. =~ Q_" _Q
W`~ JOÔH ~ __.
HO` Q_zOk. P pH\ #~Oz =~ @ =K_. = J~\ `@
"tOK_. JH_ #O_ =`_# QOc~"# J~}OH "tOK_. P qÔQ
F Lù H~}O G 533
J`_ =^ #O_ #uH, #uOz J~\ ` @H `## `# _O KHO@<

iQ`@O K < q"H ^$+` <# Q=xOK#. J`_ x~}OQ ~Q
f J=@O, `## `< OOKH=@O, ~kOK@O Kz < ZO` *e"O k.
JC_ <# < Q|O` J`xx =~O XHK@ XH S^ xq P#.
''U= |! h= Z=~=? W@=O\ qz` H~O ZO^ K<=? h ^
Uq\? x# h" ZO^ kOKHO@<=? hHO H"e? =~OQ W@ ZO^
q"`_=QK<=? Jx tOK#. <# W\ t LO_Q< J`_ ^
QO`H` ''F =h! <<=~# H^. <<g K@^? h" ## O<=.
WH_ hHO x? h" < `= Jx P"OQ J~=Q_. <# J## "H`
J`xx HO` O` ~K #. < Q~=O`, #qH` <# Kk q#@O ~OaOK_.
K Q_z# `~"` z x|_ H$`*`~HOQ ÒHOK_. ''J=#,
q`=! x# K_Q< <# Y=Qx ^Y=Qx O^@^. h K~O`
``, x`x` q+O Uq>q\ Òk Jx eH_. `#H tk=#
J===" XHi ì~ KK_. Hk O`+_<_. WO`< ZQu
^dOKQ_. Hh =OKQ~. Hx H} ZO^H U_ P_. `#
JOQ=# Kz ## Z~QK #=H<_. WO`< qH\@O K_. P
J@O =yOz# `~"` < Z^@ J`_ H=OQ `# J===x\h `lOz
"Q_. =^=^ <` O+<_, Ok<_. JuOH~"# J`x
t~ "^@ < "eOk. P `~"` H=OQ J`x H, K`, =HO, @
*i _~. D qÔQ xu H*#= ==K J`_ JOQ=h
`lOK_. J@ `~"` ` KO^\xH L^__.
J`xx J\Q =ê <# =~H" KK#. JH_H =iHk^~O, =~H
UHO` Ô J\"_ J~#\ =~H_ HxOK_. J`_ _ "^\ "x=<
`## `# ^HO@ OOKHO@<_. Q\ =`#, P =
Q Qk|O_`# `## `# ^H=_O Ju^~}"# q+=xOzOk. J`_
_ #u _@O, |_@O, = ^H ~Q f\O, JH_#O_
J~\ `@ "tOK@O K<_. =~ =~ ^d<_. WO`< `##`<
^~OKO@ O`+<_. =~, =iHO`#`~"` `##`#
^HO@<_. J`x qO`H# _ K K L<#. JC_ J`xx
_ P#. Hx "#. J`_ =^< H~ zOK_. aOK^.
JC_ ## =iHx J_Q_. P qÔQ = Wî =^ J<H
534
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
["| #_K~. =^< ^~ J`xH J<H q+ kOK#. J`_
XH H U_ #=`< =~H H <# KCK#^x#O` qKiOK_. J`x
JOQh J\H C _ z<a#=< ~. J\H C _ x~~_ _. `
_# ~Q# P, WH JH_#O_ |_\xH ^"<_.
WH `= P J_q =iHO`^ ~O ije #. =~H UHO` ^ O
J\"_ =~H_ `~__. J`_ _ iQÒ@~ XH JOÔ
_@
O KK#. J`_ P #uOz @ =_" #x J`xHO HK ~<#.
K =O Q_z~Ok. Un? P =~_ P #uOz @ ~_? WH "#H
=~x L^_<`<#. WO` J`_ @ ~=@O KK#. <# J`xx
HiOKx Ò K LO_Q< J`_ < HH qxOKHO_ =~ P
pH\ #uH ^H_. Z\Q Ju H+OQ < Q|O` |=OÒ g^
J`xx P#. W`~OQ< J" "#. J`_ < # J~O K #@
_. ## Q_ Liq K ''F =~_! hHg è^. <# x# #=#.
#<O^ t=? h= ^+_= L<"? #= <HO K`=? WH P. hO\
"ix ZOî< KK#. x# #"k <^. <#<OQu WO` Jx J~KK
^H~O `# "~O =xQ_. =~ P pH\ #uH ^H_.

P `~"` <# P =~}O OKi, W\ "i< J<# KK#. "i

HO^~ < , =^< =OK k`<~. "i ^$+ ÔxOz O
= q^ J~#\ "i Qk|O_ îOz# K`` _# ^= ''xk HyOk.
"~ O`~. HO^~ < "H= q#<<^. "~ JH_ JO^=
_< L<~. =iHO^~ J~\ `@Oz K\ H @ =<~. <#
Kk H @O_ = ^ J_qH ~Q``<~. WOH HO^~
=^ J_q< LO@, JH_ JO`x "^# O^K<~Qx, |@
=K@^.
HO^~ ''#= KH~^.... Wk = W+O Jx <` K, H= H~
~} W@ J@ u~QK< L<~. ## \ OKH=@O^.
P =~}=O` D qÔQ< L#k.
F ~=KO^! P =~}= W\H JH_ L#^! ^xO^ P
~+ P qz` ==~=# J> K<~. << H^. h= _ P =~}O
KK=. K<= _! Hx, H;|k` Q=xOKH=@K P J~}=#
F Lù H~}O G 535
Z~QH`<=. P J~}O JOîH Hx< L#k. D K=OkH P

P~}@~ `~|_`< L<~.
P! Uq ^~QO! L`="# =#[ [# Ok_ `= OkOKH#
|kH`x kxQ~KH=@O ^? ^xx =$^ KO@<~ H^! Ju
OH~=, =K xO_#k. Q_O^H~=K ""#k JQ ^=#
"~ ''Wq +"\H H^ Jx `z "O KO^K<~? "\< =~ =~
q ^d``<~. ''g~ OiOK|_k, Oux O^k Z\ Jx <#
=~ =~ zOK\O [~QÒk. "= "iH U ~HOQ O Kk?

3. H^ O@# L^=
N~=_ : =`! P =~}O L#k ZH_? Z\ L#k? <# ^xx KK#x
JO@<~? Kz#@ < Q~^? JO^# P cH~"# PH~=Q r=
Z=~? "~O` J\ Ps`Q ZO^ =i<~? g~ ZC_ ZO^ P
=~}OH "~? D x =hO^~ P J~}O K< L<~x
J<~H^! g~ U LÔ` D O@# K~ <# QOKH`<#.
^K g L^"q\ g~ q=iOKO_.
N =+ =i : P =$Ò`=O` K`#. q#. P =~}=Qx, P ~+Qx
ZH_ ~ =! JÒ` QOc~=, q= J~# D O~" P <~}=.
|= qKiOK|_#C_ ''WÔ` P`K i~"#k. H^ Jx QOK
|_Òk. JC_H P` "~#^n ZH_ QKiOK^. J#Q, ~=~ ^$+K D
~= |= ~OQ< HxOk. JC_ O~~}O =~`" #OQ
QKiOk.
J\ HO_ [Q^ $+` Kz#C_ =Ò Wk =qH~H" LO\Ok.
D O~~}O J<H OiH ^$+K qH$`H~O Hey OKi#"~ D
r= =! g~ OuK JÒ` ^d`"# z`= H"~ =i<~. "~#
K# ^+Q <# P r=xOê q"H=#. <# "ix D O~~}O J\
OK#=` K#k <H q"H= K`< H^! q"H=K "i =#
''^= HQ*@ x~O`~O G=, Q~= uOKK< L<~.
"~O`_ 'q"H=, J#^xK L^tO|_~. D O~O OKi# HO^~
`` *#~=Q ^=# Ok#"~ J^x =OK` zÒux Ok =
536
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
J=`<~. =iHO^~ "i"i q"H=# "OzOKH u~i J*#O
_K<~.
''JQ^=Q pH\ #` #~H=
''J^x #O_ =x"~ H~=O^ =$u H"~.
''J~\ `@ "tOz#"~ ~H Q=O^ P `Ò|O^"#
*k }H~= P`=QK#"~. }=O`.
''=^ J~}O "tOK"~ H~~O~` _# =#[
~=# i}== Ok#"~. JO>, H~ KH=# Ok#"~.
D =#[ [# Ok#"i HO^~ *#O# O~ |O^= #O_
ÒKHx =QK<~. =iHO^~ XH x #O_ =~H xH "K ~
#~H H= =^ iq<~.
'=^ ^Y=K ~" , uH =H" , @O|, |O^ , ^
Hey ~H~H WK` _Hx #\ D z`= H u.
HO^~ P G=K x~~ O|_K# }H~ # PKiOKK<~. `^~,
`= =## i^ ~KO@<~. ^ == #O^ (~=Ò^) `=
z`=# OQO K<~. P L##, $^=~H"# `Q^#
X#~K, ''Q =O_=i =O_=^ ==O_= "^# L`= ^= ,
Q` J~QK<~. J\"~ JkH"# `*O# `` *#=K ZC_
=< O^K<~.
''HO^~ JA ## u~iOK~ P` *#=# P~OKH, HO^~ `=
q"H= # `" u~ i ^+OKK<~.
''x# K_Q< #tOKK<#. h= = `= D =@ z`= H
q". q"H ^$+ U~_KO_Q z`= H=OQ q<#O O^>" Jk.
''P~<Ô K aQ~Q U_"_ Q=, q+= `lOKKO_Q
M^= O^K#\ D z`= H K=`~O.
q"H= HO` HO` qHOKK#C_ WH Q= `lOK|_` =~.
JC_ ~O^ D z`= HO` HO` ^Y= O^` LO@Ok. Jq"H=
Q z`= , ` "^# "\x H~}^$+` uH ''ZO` H+O =zOk! <
|O^= Qu Uq\? giH <#O> ZO` Ja=#O! Jx `KK ^Y= O^
Òk. ~*#=, P`^ WOH O^#C_ D = "^#q H
=O z`= HO` P"^# O^@O [". WÔ` O~ "z`" =!
F Lù H~}O G 537
''## Z~QK, P ~+_ #"_ q"H=# Ok# z`= O`+x

O^K#k.
q"H= Ok# z`= H=OQ O~ ux, `#H z``=# `lOk.
JC_ P z`= JH$u="# P#OÔ "eq ~O k. JOî@ =O =Q
OOkOKHO@Ok. WO`=~ `#O^ K@ KH# "=, ^+=, =
"^# J*# gzH# Q~ `KHx, ''P! q^qH=` ~zOK|_K#
q+=K <# WO`HO ZO`Q =OzO|_#! ^+=, P"=, H=, ~Q=
"^#q ZO`\ ^"# q+! Jx P r=_ P~_` LO\_.
q"H x Ok ''"H |= #O^ qOu Ok# z`=# W`~
O~#==O` ÔQ#, =ÒQ# LO@ LO\~. ''<# _
H=h < J*#= H i}=" H^ Jx J`_ Q_.
''<# J`xx P tOK# q"H |=K z`= xQOK|_#k.
''J===h z<a#" O J~ z`= OuOKQ, ~
^~=@ P LqOK~.
''"~ K`, "~ H Q"_ W+J~+= ~=QQ D z`"
P qÔ Q =iOK|_#k. =# Zx P? Zx P ? Zx =?
''`## `< ^H#K<_. OOKH#K<_ ^+ OH=K D
=# `## `< kOKH#K#k.
''`##`< H@H#K, ~ Q `K #k =# `# Oê "#K H@|_K,
=H=Oê J<H # "tOKK#k.

F ~=KO^! J*#= H qz`"# b KK"? D z`= `# H~#

J#iOK `##`< kOKH#K ~ Q fK#k. r=_ |^= O^=
#x H = OkO@#\H, ''"<~`= J`_ O^#O`=~ J`x
z`= î+= J=K 'H KO^K< L#k. z`=h O~~}O
~Q f<~. D r=x ^Y=# qiO*K#k =#. Jk J<H
P"^## `#O^ ^KH#^, qHe a#=Q J@W@ ~Q fOk.
@ ~Q# Q=xOK"? Jk `#K` xiOK|_# Q\ O^ `< zHx ^ _ `
LO@Ok. D =# _ `##O_ |î# OH"<^K`< |OkO|_,
J<H "^# Qi JQK#k. T~H# Q=xOK"! Jk ZO^H- Uq\
èO_< g^ K\- K\ ~ Q fOk. _ q +` x ^H ^H
538
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
èH ^+ ^~# lOK@O, ^+^ OKiOK@O K LO\_. D
=# =O^"#H#, [#x+[#=# KKHO_< J#~=#
P~Ok. J<H ^Yi`=# H~H== `## `< |=OÒQ
=iOKHO\Ok. K=Q Hu `# KO K` p|_K#\ ÔQ H\
=`# `z@HO@Ok KK"? KOK=Q =# _ J<H PK
~Q^+=# OìOKHx OKiOKK J<H ^~~ i`h `z@HO\Ok.
N~=_ : =s! =i D =# `# KOK= =^^? nx Qu WO`<?
N =+ =i : x~`_=# x^! nxx J =OK` Ò_
=O KH=K. F [#~! _O|~=#, =$^H##, J
H =# H=H=OQ `yO KHO_! =# =#O, O``, ~ @ J"["#
= J"@ KO_. D =# z~HO OK~`=kx JOKe.
J#Q, g =# OK=# O|OkOz# =##= KO_ KKHO_.
P`=#< (~= P`~OQ) ^$_O KH"e. WH "~ LO^. =#
H =^= =#< D r=# J<H ^Y= ~`=O` PH~OQ =$k
K O ^K<~. D =# =jH$`" # ^.... WH qQ` *_=O` `#O`@`< #tO k.
=#=_# "_, ~= # KH Q Q OKe. L`= "# O~=# J=~K
H"e. ==## Jx" J LO_e. ~Q^+= qKeÒ H=@=#
`yOKHO@ LO_e. WOk= ==# x~k ^$+x ~`~_Q
~=`" iOKe. JC_`_ `H Ju q`=Q |^=# z~HO
u+`_ HQ_. J\ ''P`~ u O^ [<k qH~= LO_=. Jk
~=Ou^H"#k. JO^ D PûH PkuH Pk^qH `= K@
LO_^. J\"_ ^Y= O^_. q` qKe`_ H_. F~! =#=_!
D [#O^, WC_ L`="# `=, qK~}K J\ Pùx O*
q+ " ZO^ ^ Hey LO_~^? z`= # [~Oz, *#u x O^@ WO`H<
L`="# J=H= ZH_#k?

F Lù H~}O G 539
VIII. q<^=
1. P` "~#Ô` J*#"!
N=+ =i : F ~=KO^! =Ô `~OQ= H\ `=QK#@,
~=^=Q |= #O_ D '=# J##k H\ `=QK#k. ''=# ^
Jx, ''=# ` =iOHg ^ Jx _ K=K =!
=# ^ '=# ""xH ^. |O =`" LOk. J~` =#Q
OKÔ` |O QiOz# U=~-J*#O H qH= =`" J~ LOk.
=# ` =iOHg ^ ^|" W@ H"# WKK q
^$~OQ q=~= KO^K#k. H#H, D H#|_ ~= P ^+H =#!
~O_ q=~} =O[" JQK#k. [=# ~= Ziy#"xH ''[=
"~, `~OQ= "~ J# ^$+ LO@O^? LO_^H^! *# ^$+ D =#
|" J~L#k? JO`Hx Wk "~ Un H^. ''[" W@ `~OQ= JQK#k
J< ^$_=O x"xH ''D `~OQ= "~, P `~OQ= "~ J< ^$+ |_
LO@Ok. J*# H H z`" O~= } H~}=QK#k. J\ J*#
L^tOK\xH "= "KH=# (Technical words, jargons), "K=# (Meaning
conveyed by such words) HeOKK<=. J\ ^H# JO` ^# xtÒ
K\xH, J*x O^ *#n= "eyOK\xH J~L#k.

~=` ~H=O`_, x`_, ~` i~_ "Q K#"_. J\
~H `xH ~H`" aOk Hx, J`= H^. J`x x =" ^.
~ " JQ J`_ `#H ~ H` = JO`\ H ~=# H\ ` O K < _.
J`_ u r=xO^ LO_L<_. u r=_ J`xHO> "~ H^. P |=
H K`# H ~ q^ }O^ H^. Jk "=#O^ K#HQ #, | O^
Hi#HQ#, [=#O^ ^=HQ#, JyO^ HHQ#, PH=O^ #H
Q#, O~uO^ ==~Q` HQ# QOK|_K#k. D qÔQ P
|= H h ^k "Oz L<~. <#=O`=Q ^~=Oê
#tO *H W^. ^d`# "ix HH, #Oê P#O^#=H, $ k
Oê- = #Oê Lù q<HH P |" J~ L#k. ~^~=
H ''c[= J^.
540
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
XH c[O .... q+` =$H=, P =$H=H P, , H, H=
....WÔ` O~ ~=# ^y#k H^! =$H=H ^~=h XH\
q` "~ # q H=. D [Q` , WOê J ==~= .... W=h |=#O^
LO_L<~. J>, ''z`= [_= =^ L#\ D 'r=_ J#|_K# z^_
(z^= H uaO|= =O\"_) _ H K`#= H H@#. J\
H K`#" ~=Q Hey, J`_ |=#O^ u Hey<_. '<# r=_#
J# =# K@O |= H XH<H =" J~ L#k. WH D ^$OKO
q+xH =, WOê ^~=h =` _Hx#\ K`#= H q=~".
W=h _ ^ K`# ~= J~ L<~. H#H ~=! D [Q`, WOê '<#
J# '=# K# r=`=.... ''WÔ` z^ |" ..... J# ^$+`< K_e.
''z` H Z~H s~=Q Hey# P ~=` =`~"# s~=
Hey#"_ D '<# h= [Q` "^# ~==~=` _Hx ^
HtOKK< L<_.
=# JO> Uq\? =## Hx Hey#\ K`#" '=# J< |O`
=|_Òk. [=# X_# LO_ K#"xH ''Wk [= Wq "~"~
`~OQ= - Wk P=~= J# |k HQK#@, D r=_=# J<q u
~=# PÒ^ LO_ LO@<~. ''P`#O_ =## ~=Q =# Pq~q Ok
J#@ O^"q\ KC? F ~~=! D == |= H H.
H#H D |O_=O`\ h |~=Q< îOK. WH 'JkWk<# W`k
a# q[# JO` u=OK`< L`#=QK#k.
XH ^$O`= q#. XHK@ O`[=` _# XH `\HO L#k. JOê
[O q"# PHO uaOaOk. WC_ #H `= uaOa# qQ=x
[=, KO^_ uaOa# qQ=x [= "~"~? Uk Z@ uaOa<
[=O` XH> J~ L#k H^! Jkf |=#O^ D == uaOaOk.
"~ "~ O~=` _# D "~ JO`~ (Outward and inward) z`
~=# î#k XH ~|=. xC xC~=Q, P |= H
z` HO^ H\ `=QK# H~}O[=" =#=O`! Jx JyH}= Jy
J~ L#@ =#=O` |" J~ L<=. ^H#Q}OQ q O^
^#H H\ ` O J=` LO@Ok H^! J\Q ~= `_ ^H =# J#iOz
==`=QK# ~OQ D ''h=<#^$= "^# ~= H#|_
P # =H"#~K LO\_.
F Lù H~}O G 541
J~` uQ Hx#k ^~=Q L#^Ò^? ''uÒ H~}OQ

ZO_== [= HxOk. H#H, J@ HxOK\xH H~}O JOê ["
Jx J#Q=? JH_ "="# [= < ^ H^? WH Jk H~}==@"q\?
''^$= LO_@ K`< ^$+ LO@#k J##k =O[OH^. H, Jk i~"#
J=Q# H^. WH ~=~ ^$+` K, Z=~ ^xx QOK@^. ZO^HO> D
^+ H =O '` ("Existence" Experience) H^! ZH_ '` (Absolute
Experience) =`" H^, JH_ Z=~ ^xx K~?
''P` ` J#"# ^$+ U~_Ò>, JO^ H~}O J*#" Jx Q = QH!

2. |OÔ Z=iH?
N~=_ : =i "= D ^$=# 'h`"# `= = O^K<"?
N =+=i : H~}O? `y#O` qK~}, ij#, H=@! *# g=O
H <Q JOQ=# LyOz ^$= H ``=# ije<~.
1) uy ''Jk L#^? ^? J# qK~}
2) ==K^= qyOz ijeOK@
3) OY q_q_Q iOK@ (Studying in separate components)
4) ~= Analysis of "what is its actual form?"
"~ D ^$[Q`# ''g=O (Logic) K ijeOz, P G= ~O
=z, =#_ KCK<~.

D [Q^ z`=h =Q "="#qH=. W=h =# K`< HeOK
|_K<~. =# K`#= H =## H. H#H J\ =## H H
He`^$+K HxOKK# W=h _ .... q=~ ~=# |= #O^, |=
#O_ L`#=`#@ JQK#k. WÔ` |". W=h |=# "~#q H=.
''D ^$= |" J~L#k (q" q+) J# q+" Lx+`, `
^+Q =~ J<H s` O\ÔQ x~OKK<~. u`H"#
D =# Ju qz`"# XH H L#k. Wk U qÔQ ^x O^ =$`=QK#^
Jk P qÔQ< OKQ^. SO^= $+ =# WH_ ^$O`=.

''``` J^ `""` `` H# `?
- J< u "H~" WH_ =+ =i L^t<~.
542
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
JO^K`, ~=! ''<` D ~= ~^ JO` K`#" J~ L#k.
uH=# (In the past, in the present and also in the future) ~|=# "~#k
ZK\ ^ .... Jx h =# Jx " =$`=QKO_QH! ^x eÒQ
"HO OQ O KQ ^. XH_ `# "uÒQ # P H~=#
x~i ''<` ~O |" J# =# HeyO_@ Uq H+=Ok KC?

U [= J~` O`` L#^ J^ [= `~OQ`= _ LO@#k
H^! ''`~O Q= J#|_k ZH_ @ #O_ =zK~ U^< ^~= H^.'Ku (Deviation)
O^@O (J#Q, D [Q^==# J#iOK@O) 'JKu O^@O, (J\
[Q^==# `lOz LO_@O) .... WÔ` _ |= H ~=` H
K=`~=` _# =" J~ L#k. ~=Ò^ D OK H#O` LO_
L#k. W\ H# JO`\ H H~}O r=~=# L#\ ~|"Hx, =iH "~ Un
H^. H=` _# =Ôx |^^=, `~OQ, P=$`= JO`
[" H^! *xH JO`\ |" "Oz#@ JQOk. qH~=O`"#\
D [Q` # O^ ~= ` "~ Q Un ^ . P ~= Ò^ <=~ H `H" #
"~H ` ZH_ #O_ Z\ =zK~Q^ KC? =` z "O_ LO@O^?
=K` =`" xix~===Q |=#O^ .... ''L`#=Q@, #tOK@,
LO_@, =@ "^# ^$qH~= OKK<~. P` ""xH <=~
~ `" J~ L#\H, `# WK# J#iOK D [Q` "z ` ~=# OKK#k.
J@ 'OK@# `< QOKK, `# $OY=# (Fetters or Limitations) `<
x~OKH#K#k. =~H `~}O JYO_`=# P~OKK#k.

''H~H~}=H~[##==~}= ..... W=h _ P ~=`.
J`xH J#=Q ZH_ U H< LO_*^.
~=~ ^$+H "= _ =. PÒ^ P` =Qx, `$+Qx
Z\ LO\~? D [Q` , nx H< H== P` J~ L#k. =~" P~ } =Q
HtOKK#@ P` D D =# ~=# H\ `=QK#k. WH z`=
QiOz XH =@ KO> ....Wk L`"`==Q P` ^= H ''J#a[`=
H ''U=~.... =`"! Jk D r=_!
N~=_ : g! =i D |O^= =>q\?
N =+ =i : J*# ^ ZO`Q< J#==# =KK# D |O^=
*#=K qK^#=QK#k. JC_ ''|O^=##k "^ ^ J# J#="
F Lù H~}O G 543
+ Ok. PH" #`=# =H" #~K#@, ''J*` z#~ JQ P ~= `

`# OH=K r=`=# (<# r=_#< u x) bQ, H_Q H\ ` "#~K<_.
P! ZO` K=`~O! D r=_ ""xH P` ~_ J~#\H, J<`
`=Q D JOH~= "^# "\` ''J^=# OkOKH#K<_.
=~H}" D ^$ [Q` JO` Pq~qOK@O, Z^~Q xzO_@O [~QÒk.
r=x H ^ ` ~=`_# D H+` ^$+ JO` q^=`".
xÒ= |O^, |^-u H<?
HxH# "H q^ `` ` I
``^`# =, H` |^? H=K` I
F ~[#~! g~O` P` J~ L<~ H^! =i, ''H^ <# |^_#,
Z\H Z=i ^ =#< Z\ O^ q=H O^= #k J# H#
ZO^ K<~ KO_? ^~xH ''"H= J#|_#k _ ^. Z=i@
J~`...., '|O^" He`= (false attribution) Jx x~<", J\ P` "H
==~O _ q^ QH =~q\?
N~=_: Q~=~! g~ KCK# ^xx J#iOz ''P`, =# J#|_ D
~O_O\ P` |O^=Qx, "H=Qx LO_*^. D r=_ P` ~=Q
Hey<_. WO`=~ Q< L#k. D =# ^xx Z\ x~~ Jk J>
JQK#k. H|\ =# |O^" #^? =# |O^=#, "H=# H~}
=QK#^x g~ K<~. J~`, D =# H ^~#=O` He`=
=`" H^! JO` He`" J~#C_, D =# =Ò |O^"H_k?
N =+ =i : J=#, =# He`" # ^. K` # = [Q^ = PH Hx#C_,
J\ ~}=H su< '=# Jx JO@<O. JkHH =# "~ ~"q
L#k? XH_ n~O Kz# J<H ^~ J`_ *Q` =KiH q^
JQK<~ H^! J^qÔQ, |O^=# Qi# J*# H# q^. *#
^$+ '"H= H H# _ q^. Jx~Kh=, `K= J~#\
'J*#= =#< D |O^ "H= H# JO` [~QK#^x QOK. |O^
"H= `=#x J#@O "^ Lx+` uk#^xH q~Ô_.
Lx+` ''F~! r=_! x`k` K`#~_Q h |O^"H_k? h=
~^ J=$` ~=#O^ ~_" Jx Jq ZQu KCK<~. <# _, <
#==K ''~=~=# |O^"H= = J< H\ <#.

''#==~"=H W` ~=~`
... ^~xH === Qx, =_ Qx ~. P` =`" LOk.
544
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
F A_! ~=KO^! ''`_# Kz =x J#H=@O "^# J<H
^$O`=K D ''H# H J=`= QiOz |^_# t+x ^$+
@Hx "= KCK<O. WH |^_ H#\ J*# t+x ^$+ @Hx
''|O^= |O^q =H "^# `Ò Q=O` qnHi< O. ''<<! h= x~}OQ
'<# |^_# J# =O HiOK=. hH |O^=# qK~} LO.
h"=~, D ^$"q\ QOK. `^~ "Hyq H= Jx k<O. ~=
QOz# `~"` P J*x .... q*x JQK<_. WH P J`xH |O^"H=
H JH~^. J\ q*# t+x` O+OK#_ ''|O^"H= = J#
~= Ò O+<O. `` "` |O^"H= ""O LO_^. |O^
"H= H#O` J*xH *<a=$k H~H#x H;|k` QOK. J*xx
*xQ fik^@ Q~= ^~= x~i# = H~="#kH^! JO^K`
^=O HO` H# J=~" LO\Ok. D q+=h `` A Ziy L<~.
F `=`! ~=! ="+`_Q ~=` #O_ "@"^@ =#, P `~"`
|O^ "H= QiOz# H#, J@ D [Qx~}O H=H=OQ XH H_= ~_
_Òk. D u JO` '' q<^= Q D r=xH Ok. D [Q^$
q<Ô Z\ LO> UO?~=` ~^, Jx\ "QO^K<_x QOK.

3. H^q<Ô
N~=_ : =hO^! '' q<^= #O^= Jx JO@<~ H^! J#Q Uq\?
P ''[Q^$-q<Ô J#|_ K=`~"q\ KO_.
N =+=i : ''HM~H H '' q<^= J# XH =@ J^` O
K~" L#k. ^x "#H XH H^ L#k. J^q\ K`#. q#.

J#Q, J#Q, XH _ L<_. J`x |k ''Wk x[=, Wk H^ J< q=~

K#\k. |k =O^= Q P "_ XH ~A `# ^k` ''J"! < x^
~=@O ^. U^< ~A Ki` qxOK=? Jx JO@ =~O K_.
^k : ~, J~! h q<ÔH~ P#O^^H=, =^~ |=` _#k
J~# ''=Q~ ~[=~ J#" J< H^ KCK<#. Wk qx, h= ZO`
<~H=K.

F Lù H~}O G 545
XHK@ XH #Q~= L#k. P #Q~O W-"H-@-=$H=...

W@=O\"g < = . P #Q~= O` '#= ` =`" xO_ #k. P ##Q~O
=Q~ ~[=~ L<~. P =Q~ Q JO^Q, î, g~_!
J~`, PHO ZH_< XH K~= LO@O^? ZH_< h #H` LO\?
_ : J! LO_=. LO_=. Z\ LO\~?
^k : J^qÔQ, P =Q~ ~[` W^~ W\HOH [xOK<^. WH
=_="_, WOH Z\H è Q~O "tOK=#k.
_ : J"! P~OQ L#^ ! J~` P ~[` QiOz <# q<e. ZO^HO>
^ J~# `~"` <# _ ~[=~_<`# H^! J\Q K#. "OK~?
^k : O, ^==OK` P =Q~ ~[` |O^ [#=O` =~}OK~.
JC_ "~ ZO` ^MHO`~. =e# =YO` XHK@ QqQ_, HO`
=K# `~"` XH xxH =K~. ''=#O WH_ WOH LO_ UO [#O?
=# |O^=O` =~}OK~! WH O^. D ##Q~O =ê U^< =~H
#Q~O "oÔ Jx J#H<~. XH ~A " |^ H #= P #
#Q~O #O_ PH=~O |^~~. PH =~=Ô ZO_"_qH ZO`
ÒK~. JH_ (PHO) "_ WH #_=@O K` Q] H H~. =O^
#O_ "~_ =$Q=Q " ZO` iÒ O^~.
_ : T! P `~"`?
^k : J~<~, " P PHOx WHu< (WH Q@) Z\Q J\ K
^~O xOK~. XHK@ "H =_ ^K@ HxOK~. P =_ =$H
``#, =`#, +=`# xO_ L<~. "\ H= J<H
P=~ L<~.
J~`, P =_ ==$H= ~O_ WOH "=^. =_=^xH WOH
c[O U~_^.
=# ~[=~ J\H ZO` J~ L<~ H^! JO^K` P K@
h_ WO^_ Jy =~}_Q K qqOK~. HO` ^f~H<~.
`$f~ K O_# lOK~. +=# =Q K\ îOK~.
_ : K> "=x P uQ< L<? Q LO\ ?
^k : J! uQ L<~. P `~"` K JH_ qOu fHx =~
|^~~. K ^~O "o# `~"` "iH XHK@ `~OQ=K KOK" Q
|O K LO_ =_ #^ HxOK~.
546
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
P #^ XH^xH Q@ J<q <=. WH `H# ~O_ #^ Q>H^,....
'h~ _ LO_^.
QOQ u=~ #O K#@ ~`=K _`# P =# =Q~
~[=~ P =_ #^ fiHQ < K~. ZO` [H__~.
K"# P h~ `y #<~.
_ : Q] h \~ ? ^ ? T!
^k : P! Q] h \~ _! WO` H=OQ ~=O J~Ok.
"iH H#K^~O #`#OQ xiOK|_# Z`# =#= Hey# XH #Q~O
HxOzOk. P #Q~O , q hHO Q<, =$H"H-[= LO_#\
O^~=#=, #~=~= L<~. P #~=~ JO^"# H==
JC_C_ qH<~. ^~xH #Q~" Q#= qx<~. =Q~
~[=~ P #Q~O "tOK~. JH_ "iH Jx\H< Z`# =_ =<
HxOK~.
"\ ~O_O\H <, <^ =. =_=^xH Q_ _ =.
"~ "^\ ~O_ =<# =ê, Q_ <_ #\ =_= Q$O
"t OK~. P ~[=~ `= JO^" # =Y=` P = #O K~ K Q~.
J\ OKi XHK@ |OQ~O` `~# =_ ` KK~.
P ` ~O_ H== Jx " =Hx L<~.
WH =_=` 'K~O (Powder) ~O L#k.
"~ L`=n~ H^! JO^K` K~"# `< ZOKH<~. ^x`
J\HC_ k~ J#=#, `k`~ ^~=# =O_H<~. =i P =Q~
U=< =#? Q ^~|k H"! JO^K` " [#O K\xH
Ju^Q =Q~ }# PxOK~.
JO^ WîH ^ =. XHxH =Y= _ ^.
F H! qO@<"!
_ : F! Q qO@<#. Q L#k. WOH KC. JC_O [iyOk?
^k : WOH=#k? "i =Y=x Juk L<_ KK"? J`_ J#=x
KQO ux"_. WH qye# ^xx P =Q~ ~[=~ +Q OK~.
`$KOk#"~, J\H-W\H _ #\ q+` Z\H LO_....
XH<H #Q~O (q+#Q~O) "\_\xH "~. "~ <\ H_ J> "\_K
F Lù H~}O G 547
YOQ L<~. P q+#Q~Ox =$Q P ~[=~ "\_`

LO> `_Q LO@ L<~.
F J! D L`="# Ki`# "^\ #O_ z=i^H q<= H^! Wk
=iz_^ =! nxx KHQ h =# @H. JC_ Q O_`_=
J=`=. ~<?
_ : J"! JQ. < K O`+OQ LOk. WH h= x^. <# W\ P
~[=~# =##O K< _HO\#.

F ~=KO^! h WO`=O^ ''z`M#O K#H^! WC_, 'D [QÒ`

=<qHO =`" Jx x~OK\xH ^$O`~H"# D 'q<Ô K#.
OH H#h ^$__@OK`< D 'O~ ~K# JO` ~Ò O^Òk. D
H< ^$=O` u ~". J~#\H, D |O^"H ==~=O` qiO
*Ok. ''Wk Z\ Ô! Jx tOKHO_<, P "_ P O@#
qO@ ZO`Q P#OkOK_ KK"! r=_ _ =O^ "#H# ijeOK O_<
D ''==Ja=x~K#=O|O^=, L^Q= (Perceptions,
Opinions, Definitions, Relationships, Emotions etc.) .... "^# "\x J=î<_.
D H#_Ô` OH=`"Qx "~ Ug H^. OH=K OKk ^~

"\ J=Òk KC? WÔ` ""xH xkQ, Jx~KhOQ K|_Ok. D
WOk=, Wq QOKK# qPH="=k~`= "^#
^~*O .... =x === T=`=, J` = J~ L<~.
<xC_ K# q+#Q~Ox =Q~ ~[=~, #^, =Q~ Ju^
'OH =`" J~#\H, P "_=Ò JO`~OQ=#O^ L`H`, Ja+,
qH= O^K< L<_ H^!
''D [Q` H J#u JO` OH=`" J#@O U=Ò OÔ
^. J~`. P``` *#= Ziy#"~, *#^$+H"~ D `=# QOKQQ
K<~. "iH =`" Jk Q=QK#k. WH `H#"~O` 'Wk `" Jx
qOKK, XH J#==#O_ =~H J#==# }< L<~. J\
}=# 'JO` LO_@ ^. J<H `~OQ=Q H#|_K#Ô` =^
[" J~#@, D iOK#k, =i W@ iOK^x J#== O^K#
''YO_ =# ` _# '^+ H 'r=_ _ OH=`" . ~= ` #O_ "@" ^@
OH= =`" L^~OzOk. P `~"`, D ''} H, =i ~x
548
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
H ^#Ok# HK 'H= qiOk. H=OQ P H=# J#iOz D
[Q^=O` q~O O^Òk.
H|\ ~=! D OK=O` OH~". =<qH~=, ~Q^+=$`,
"\H O|OkOz# `k`~ q+= W=h OH=`". H#H, h= xiH
(qH= #\) =k (=#H ~`) # P~OK. J#Q, ~OH=
P= Q ''~=# J-Pk LO_. ~OH=#JkQqOz#
"_" LO_. J@ OH=# `l WC_, WH_, WÔ` W@ LO@ LO_Q<
h= ~=Oux O^Q=.

4. hHH_ |OÔ? x^~!

J*x `# H OH=O K`< "`_QK<_. *xH, ... ""
LO_@O ^. P! JA_, <~`=Q ~=` O^ H}OQ~=, =<#
~}=, J#H} i}=`= JQ '[Q` J#|_ ^xx =# H OHO
K` QOKK<_. Oux O^K<_.
N~=_ : F |q^~! D P` ="==Q O~ =# ^x =#
O^Òk? ''#~=, JQ OH=# H# K#^=~? x`` KO^?
H #~` KO^? [Q`~==# O^Òk x``! #~`?
JOH~=?
''x`` KOk J#\xH g ^. J\ JO> OH=`@ Jn #tOKe.
JC_ P`H x``xH x HQÒk H^!
WH ''#~` `# OH=K `## ~zOKHO\Ok Jx Z\ JO\=? J\
JO>, P`# =~H>^ =z P~OKK#@ J=Òk H^? Jk _ "^" H=
i^. OHe`=Q #~` [_=? K`#=? '[_= Jx JO>, Jk z^``
SHO Z\ O^Òk? 'K`#= JO^=? z^= x+= H^! Jk Z\
OHeO k?
N =+ =i : ~=` 'JO J# J#=~=Q Jq^` _Hx D
~}O^ LO_L<_. _ ^=# $Ô HeOKHx "\x
=# K_ KK"? J> P ~=` D #~OH`Q }#

#~= : U H}=#O^# xH_ #\k Z\HC_ =~ #Q#\k.
F Lù H~}O G 549
q^ ~=Q< HeOKHx îOKK<_. ''XH ~=Ò^ JO` ~

_#k J##k xi"Ô=. WH ''JOH~= J#|_#k "~H\ Z\
ZH_ LO@Ok? ""xH ~=` ^~`_. ^~`_Q ~=` O^
'JOH~= J##^ ^. J`_ ~^ JYO__. Hx =O_>O_ =$Q`$+
H#|_#@, `Q U=Ò #\ JOH~= OuK OKK#k. Uk Ou
=`" J~ L#^ J\^xx ''Wk J`" H^! J< ^$+K îOK@" *#O.
Jx`"# ^x x`` ^y L#k. x``< Jx`"#k H#|_@O [~QÒk.
[= `#O^ `< '`~OQ= ~=# =H=QK#k H^!
''P`<`#=t`, ~`` ^ JO|
''D P` `## `< (=# ~=#) P~Oz#^, J@ `< H~~=Q,
(As an Eventuality) D [Q`Q H\ `=QK#k Jx "= D [Q` q+"
Q<O. H#H F q*#Yh! ~=KO^! Jk+=, (that which is not infact

true) QiOz# Oux h= `lOK. WH JOH~= q+ xH = ...... *Q^ OH~O
O ^. OH~O + ^. H#H JOH~O `Q ^. `Q
#\ D JOH~=# Kz, ''J! nxx <# Z\ `yOKH"e? J< = `H
"# `= J#=~O. J`=# J`=Q< îOK. `~=, P#O^
== JQ '=H^~ #= (Perception of Equality in all) < P~OK. J\ =Hu
~=` H ~=.
J*#~`_" xt`"# |kK `~HOQ P``` qK~} K@"
LzÒ. J^= QiOz `=, J#Q,''D < JOH~= `yOKHO\#
J< Jax"= LzÒ H^.
J|^ |^ W`H HO K =^=?
J#O` P``` HO, HÔ, H# |^`?
F ~=KO^! F ~[#~! g U XH~ |^ H<H~. =i g~ ''<#
|^_#. q=H Z\H? Jx `KK ZO^ J#=~OQ ^d<~? g
JOî "=~= P` H^! J#O`=Q P` Z=xK Z@ |OkO|_Q^?
P! ^~`=Q ~=Ò^ ^^= Qi# Ou HeOK|_K#k.
`Q=Ok Ou =`". Ou `QQ<, WH |O^"q\? =H Uq\? P`
O^ ""xH D ^^ =. Jk ^~`" J~#\H, ^=` _
#@ HxOKK#k. D ^= z<a#===K QH! P` =K x Ug
LO_^. ^ ^=, `k`~ qH~= D s~=#H Qx, P` LO_=. D
550
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
^= #tOK=K. H, J<H Q=K, O_K xO_=K. ZO` |O OAH
=K. H H} O K=K. W=h P` O|OkOz#" H=. HOe (H =_Oy) L yOK
Heq=^ LO_ ùu ziy=@O [iy` JOê "= U"< x HQÒ^?
~H~}= Q_ _K#C_, P Q_ <@O [iy` ~H~}=
Q@#^=O@Ok? D ^= H, =i D [Q` H Lù
q<#=K ^+Q =# =K xQx, =Qx Ug LO_^. ''<# s~=
HO> qH} ~= H"_#. J\ < H ~=# D s~^=#,
`k`~ "^=# HeQ =~ K~q LO\~? Jx =#O qOKe. F
~=! ''^=P` D ~O_O\H O|O^= ''"= PH= O|O^=
=O\k =`". D [Q^=O` =#. =<~=Q D [Q` H JO`s#H
z^`. P z^` =# HO> _ Ju H;"#k. Jk Z#\H #tOKk H^.
*~=# [##<<k qH~= LO_=. Jk ZK\H ^. ZH_
#O_ ~^. ''P` ~" Jq<t J~LO_Q, WH D ^^ q<=#
ZO^ ^dÒ H"e? XH "O #t, ^xx `K# "= U=Òk?
N ~=_ : =~H "=# `Òk. ^, PH=# O^Òk.
N =+ =i : JO`Qx, "= #tOz#O`=Ò K`, ^xx `K# "=
#tOK^ H^! D ^= #tOK@O [iy#C_ |^` =~H ^=# O^Òk.
'=H` J~` ~=^=< O^K#k. WO^ ^dOK=# q+"=#k?
D O~O iq< LO@#\ r=x =# `" LO@ LO@O>, WH,
P` q+O "~Q K?
<#`=Q D ^=# Jq<tQ P` L# OOÔ, O_ |^~
<= =O\k.
XH O_ XH = =#k. U^ =^=` P O_z\ ~Ok. JO`=Ò
K` = #tO^? s~= #tOz#C_ D r"` z`H=# O^K#k.
J\Q, ye#C_ O_x PH= U=Òk? O_, O_ |@ _
L#\ =H=` b#=QK#kH^! J, ''O_x PH= O_ Q@K
H=# b#=Q@ J##k =Ò ZH_#k? PH=O` ~^ JYO_OQ
LO_ L#kH^! z`= _ H~ Oz#C_ D r=_ JYO__ JQK<_. =H
~_Q "QO^K<_.
D } H =<=^= '=$`= J< =GO HCHx '^H=
J< ^= O^ ^QH#K#k. P` == z` qz`=# ~OQ#
F Lù H~}O G 551
K#k. W\ "H"# =# QiOz h= ÒK=# <=#k? WH

=~}= =>q@O\"? O J<H Q$==~=O^ x=Q"# D r=_
JOu= z`=Q =~}==~ 'P` H ="q\, ZO`\ ^ Z~QH
LO@<_. `# `#H =Q" # J=Q# O_@K J<H = #QK<_.
P` =~Q#_@ =~}=. P`# Z~Q#\ =~_ =`" ''J! <#
KKK<# J< ""= Ok '=~}= J#^xx QOKK<_. P`
~=Q Qey# hQx, <Qx, =iOH=iHQx =~}=<^n ^. =#=O`
J=$`#O^ ~". x``=, J"`= =# [ =" J~L#k.
=iH =~}= QiOz "O^? D =~}=##k r=xH ~O=Qx,
JO`=Qx H^. HO Z=~< ''<# O_ =K<# J# J#=O O^
K<~? J\k Z=~ QOK@^. *x `# H s~= `y#_ '` (Self
State with the sense - "I exist") # J#q< L<_. H#H J`xH =~}#=O ^.
"#` _# J*xH =# [##, =$`=# Z\HC_ O^K,

J#q< L#k. H#H, '=~}=-J`x q+O-=~H ^=#H '<Ok
@ JQK#k.
~H =z# `~"` H Q\ WH LO_^H^! J\Q h= D '"# J#
Q\x `lOz"~. =#H W+ J~+ == O^, ~Q^+= Hey LO@#k.
`^~ |O^=# `Q#K#k. OQ, =# Ou K`< D 'H#
JO` =~O Q K HO\Ok. Wk Jq^~" H^! H|\ D =## #tO* @O
YÔ. Wk Ja=$k O^K#C_ ^Y" HQK#k.
'=# =$k O^@ J#Q Jq"H= i_q@.
N ~=_ : D =# x~O`~O `KÒ, =e#Ò P~O^? ZO^K`? nxx
x~kOK@O Z\?
N=+ =i : `` *#=H 'J`= K`< D =# q^~"#\ D
[Q` # qi O* Ok. =OK`#, " =`# H |_#C_ PH= =e#"# @
H#|_Òk. Hx, ""xH PH= ~^ x~"#^ H^! `Q< K"
J~#\ PH= =e#"#~QeQk Uk L#k KC? WH D =OK, "=
JO\" .... J=h =, ` LO\~. JO`=ÒK` Jq PH=# `H=,
=~= H^! OuK`< h =# ''<# [OQ `K"#^##. =e#"#
^## Jx qOKK#k. Jk U=Ò "=O H^.

552
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
=#H H n~= =O\ q^~=Q D [Q^ z`=O`\ h
` "# ^x= H# K K#k. XH z# ^$O`= q#. XHx HO\H 'uq~~Q=
(a disease that leads to constant movement of eye-lids) J< "k =z#^#H ...
JC_`_ PHO ~O_ KO^#, ~O_ ~# K_.

1) ~O_ KO^ H#|_@ H~}O? KO^_? H^H^! HO\H ^+"
J@ H#|_@ H~}=QK#k.
2) ~ O_=k ^$+^ +=# P~Oz L#\ =<=`"z `" H^! JO`Hx,
Ò H^ H^!
=#H H [Q`H PH~=# =<=ÒQ QOKK#k. H#H D
[Q` H H~ $`=# =#H PkOKH `^. ~O_ KO^ H#|_@
KO^_ H~}O H#@ D [Q` uH P`H~}O H^. ^$= _ H~}O
H^. L#Ô` ^+H =<~[=< L#k.
F ~=! ~_ `# fH H~}` =OK# HiyOz"_ KK"? h=_
P`qK~}K =#H ~=# #tOK~. `` qK~}K z`= OHQ,
''x~HO Q P`H`~O `H kOKQ^. F ~a~ P``` =
Z~QH~ .... J<H J#~= HeyOKQ Jq^ q^=# [#, J<H
~H=# |O_= J#==# H~}O HQ^.
D =# P`# P~OK@O [~QK#C_ `## `< q"H "~Q=K
<#= KHO\Ok. JO^H H=, ''=# P`# g#C_ O~
<@H ` îOz #$Ò KOk Jx =i LO\~. `#H <#= H~H Wk
P`# îOKK#k. P` OK#O`HO `# <#= Z\ ^" `<
Z~QHÒk. ^~kH"_ `# O^K# OH@=, ^~= `<
H~}O Jx Z~Q_ KK"? Wk _ J\^ . U q" ` =<<#=# "OzOK
K<~, J\"i Jc+=# D =# `H, OH|=# J#iOz, kO
KOk. H|\ D =# P`H WK# J#iOK =iO^x QOK. P`
WKQ ==~=# x~iOK@O D =# H"g LO_^. q"H=, L`=
O~= Q z`= `# H q"H|=# J#iOz W`~ ~OH
qH=# `lOz"Ok. Px\h =^K#k. JC_H [OQ< |H~=$u
Hey LO\Ok.
=# ~Oz#C_ ~=~~=Q "H= =Q< kOKK#k.
F Lù H~}O G 553
''=#H< =O^ ` ~_< <# LO_< L<# J# Z~H, J\ Z~H`

_# ~u '=<<#= J< |=K K|_Òk, L^tOK|_Òk
_! =# H< (PK# H<) P ''PK# KK#"_ =#=O^Q<
LO_e H^! J`_ P` H LxHH `~}O. J`x QiOz# =##" ''P`#-
"Hu _.
J\ "Hu ^Y=h qOKK<~. H#H F ~"! J\ =<<#=
H~H h= uOKe. JO`Qx.... =<q $u, q~} H~ h `=#
=~O KH~^ =! O~=< ~~}O qHe ^@"#k. D J~}O 'Y
^Y= J< JOMH=# =$H=, '=$`= J< HO_z= x=<~.
D J~}=# Jq"H=` _# =# =. Jx q` Jq"H" `=.
H#H *Q~_" LO_e =!

554
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
IX. =O^*O
iK =
1. z` q<= [Q^=
N =+ =i : F a~! WH =#O `q^= ~A qK~} "t<O.
=Ô `~OQ H\ `=`~ KK~? ~=Ò^ D z`=
H\ `", H=OQ q~=QK#k. Jk JHO =# n~OQ#, n~=#
OQ# K" K#k. `# ~=# J#=Q#, J#"# ^xx `# ~=Q#
XH H}O =i"K#k. P`# 'J<` Q#, 'J<` # P`Q# J#qOK
K#k. D z`=H "z`=, K=`~= JO`\ k. Jk `# K_x ==#
_ `# =#K JÒ` h`=Q Ok J#qOKQ^.
| K`#=#O_ qH= Ok# D =# XH xq+O J<H |O_=
# xiOKK, =~ q<#"#~Q^. ~"! =~[OQ==` (Non-moving,
moving) _# D ^$=# OK=O` _ z`=#O_ Pq~qOk =!
J@ Pq~qOz ^HH K ~^ ~" XCK#k. XH #@_ J<H
"+= "K#@ D =# `# KOK`H~}OQ ZC_ =< HK
` =# 'q^ Q#, 'q^ # ` =Q# K"
QQÒk. OHeì`" #
J<H Y^Y=# HiOz J#qOk. Jk ^xx Y=Q q Jk Y=
Q#, ^xx ^YOQ q Jk ^Y=Q# O^KO_@ Q=<~O. Oz#
==#, q+=# ZC_ UqÔQ ('J#O J<, H 'uO J<)
QO^, JC_ D HK`K= ...."^# WOkh J> =$Ò
JQK<~. ''Wk Y~ =Wk ^Y~ = Jx U H# D z`=
OHeOz PKiO^, Jk J> i}u KO^@O [~QÒk. WO\ =\`
J<H = `~K ''Wk ~AWk ~}Wk =OuWq xWq `~A
Wq `~A Q] ....Jx H#KHx P_HO\~ KK"? J^qÔQ D
=# _ D D '[Q` J< qH=h xiOKHx H_OKK#k. J\ H_<
#=@O, U_@O, dOK@O, ^dOK@O, QiOK@O, J==#_@O, HOK@O...
"^# J<H H x~iOk. =#H $[<`H"# 'H_ O^ D
F Lù H~}O G 555
=#A ^=, `k`~ ^= =\` K# P@== = LO@<~.

J\ =\ u= =O\ `k`~ ^=O^, ''W=h `" J# ``|k z`=K
HeOK|_K#k. Hx WÔ` q^ J~ L#k. P! D z`= ^~=x\
O^ J<H =~# HQ*K, ^=# îOKK#k. = #O^,
OH= #O^, =<gkO^ D z`= n~H=# OQ#, J<H [#=
^~O `_O`Q# K"Ok. F ~=! H;|k Hey#"_", D z`=H
z`qz` H^#=O` Q=xOKK LO_.

=# H}=# HOQ#, H=# H}OQ# K"Q^. JO^K`<
''^H= =#K`< qOK|_K<~. J\ =# 'J#=O JQK#k.
JO^K` Jq =#H Jn#O< L<~ Jx qA K` LO\~. D
=# ~*Q}=# JkH=Q P~#C_ f="# H~j`=#, `"Q}O
JkHOQ Hey#C_ =O^`=# O^Òk. U H~=#O^` D =#
JkHOQ iOz LO\O^ P H~= P suQ< `H kOk. ^xO^` D
=# =O^H_Q LO@O^, J\ H~H== H+ ^ =Q#, J~+= Q# `KK
LO@Ok. =# H UHQ` P` O^~ <ÒQ L#^ ... WH, ~ qO|#=
# D r=_ ` H JkQq OKQ _. K@#O_ HO_=, P, , "^# =h
=#@, D =, ""=, ^H^, Q=<Q=#= - W=h z`=
#O_ |_K<~.
''Jy JO> L+`" J~ L#k H^!
'=^= J#Q [= =`" H^!
D qq^ OiH H~H==O` OH= ~=Q z`" J~ L#k. D
''^+ ^$= ^~#= ''H~ H~ H~}=, ''H Q= Q=....
W\ J#~=` _Hx# D [QÒ` z`= =`". =iOHg H^. XH
HOe P~} q+= K_O_, ''D #Qx |OQ~= Z\k? Jx =`"
K_ H^! q" D [Q`# QOKK#C_, ''P! D |O_=, D
H=, WOê =*= ... W=h z`= H q<=. z`" W@
H\ Ò J=Òk Jx "~ Q<~.
D O^~O =~H K=`~"# O@# K`#. WO^ ''[Q^=Q
Hx # D WO^*=O` z`= H Jn#=< L#k Jx x~OK|_K#k.

556
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
2. =Ô =O^*O
D ÒQ ''L`~O_== J< ~[=# iO^x =O=x
"_# '=}_ J< ~A e LO_"_. J`x H ~=, L^~Q}=,
q#=# WO^H" _ "KHO@ LO_"~.
XH~A J`_ ~[ O#O Jk+Oz<_. U"" ~[==~
x~i L<_. WO` XH SO^*e_ P "tOK_. "++ q+O
Q P_O|~=# H\ =}=~A }=O K ''! `= J#[
J~` < WO^* q^ îOz g, g [ q<Ô Hey# Jx q#O
K H<_. J\H =Y"# ~KH~h i J~<~. JH_ "~Oî =#
q<kOKx Ja+OK~. JO^K` ~**#~OQ WO^* ^~# ~OaOK
|_Ok. HOK= Jg Wg K# `~"` P SO^*e_ ~[O#=#
HOK= ^~O x|_~. `# KOH `yeOz# OzOz XH <=e OKO
|@ f_. Jk J<H ~OQ` "QO^K, D~ == = # QK#@
LOk. ~A H ^$+ JOHeÒQ P OK= HOnHiOK|_Ok. qq^ HO`
q~l=`# P OK= # SO^*_ Qe z`" # q<O` J@ W@ T_.
~A H J<zÒQ =`_~.

JC_ XH ~` (Horse Rider) P "tOK_. J`x "O@ XH OKH}

H}= Q Q]O #_z=zOk. P Q]O JÒ` O^~=Q#, O`Q}=#
Hey#^ L#k.
~` : ~* ! Wk J=x\ +"# OKH} `Q]O. |g}O Q
D Q]O ""QO ` ~ Q `Q ^. = = nxx g HO OOK~. =`
=iOK|_#C_ J\ ^~= =iO` a`~ H^!
SO^*e_ : B# ! gs J=# Jk~ ~Q " #xQ OHO
` "QO^`~. qH qK# WO^Q"#xQ g~ D Q]= HO`
s KO_. nxx g H~H fHKO!
~A P Q]=# Kz, ^x O^~=# ZO` P~KH`_<_.

J<zÒQ H=# P ~A WO`< XH H}O qz`"# PH$u
H"__. Q_ g^ z`~= edOK|_# ~+x H `~z# H#=
F Lù H~}O G 557
`^H^$+` J=HOKQ_. J\Q Hk H} LO_ <=kQ H# =H<_.

O#= ~x LO_ K~`__. XH ~Q~`_Q =h~_
JO`~Y_ P`#O^= O^K#C_ Z\ xOQ LO\_, J`_ _ J>
LO__. Q |e, |kK JÒ` xt`"# ^$+Q"_ J~# P ~A
^< _ L<_x JH_"~ `K~. K# `~ "` =O` HO^~ O#=
# gOQ "o xK<~. =ne J~# P ~A# gOK\xH, `H\xH
JH_"~=iH ^~O K@O ^. qO*=~ H^@O =x"~. qO*=~
gK _ ~A# Q=x, O K~`~. Ô^~ H=OQ
x+` LO_~. JH_ HO H=OQ OuOzOk. ="^=# JH_
=O` WÔ` q~ Q=x<~. Uq K èH OQ
qÔ =xy~, XHi =M XH~ KKHO@<~. a K=Ok
P~OQ JO` Q=x x~Ò, ^YO O^Q~.
XH QO@ HO Q_z~Ok. =} =~A s~O JH`Q HOKO Ô
OkOk. J`_ J===# Hk HkQ H^ Q_. WO`< J`x J===
"QOQ H^Q~. ^ HOO =O Z`# "_ XHi <Òk
KK"? P qÔQ P ~A XHi H Zyi <Q_. P H< L#\ JÒ`
=i Q J`x =O` ~A < _H=O^ @<~. HOK= =Q~K
~A Hk H} =# `~ "` <=kQ H# `~K _. K@ Kz XHiQ ''Uq\k?
P~OQ L#^? <# WC_ ZH_ L<#? Wk U T~? JQ~? g~O`
Z=~? D Uq\? _ U_? J ! J ! ^}O _`#. ## =Ô_
Jx H=i#@ HQ_.
==Ou : ^"! =~*! ~=# Kz#\ ~xQ `= W@ zO`
HO` J~q\? `= W\ u OK@O, W\ =\_@O Kz "=O`
ZO` "z`=`<O. g =O\ ^$_z`= H"ix _ H~}O O_<
Ou kOKQÔ> = P~OQ< L#k. "=O` K HOQ L#`"#
`= =H` =# Q=x =< O. "# q`x= ==# == ^~ =O^
=`~ LO_"~. ==# = ~[#H$Ò K`<, g~ eOK@O
[~QÒk. qH~=` _# JQ=O^ g zÒ `Q#@O ""C_
K_^ . JqK~=K "^@ ~=} OQ HxOz<, P `~ "` `KO Q i}qOK
JQ==~=, =`_# P OzH ==~=... W=h, J#= A
Q g è#q H^. L`= Q}=x`"# g z`= WC_ U"< ~Q^K
558
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
"Ò J~O^? ^! g~ x`= ~[ q"H=# x^~ L`= H^#,
Ki`# =zOK H~H== P* LO_"~ H^! J\ O`x~"# g
=# U `` q+=O^ x=Q" = O^@O [iyOk?
=~*! g~ ~= è#"~. ''q+= #tOK@O [iy` <# _
#t# Jx `K@" D =# H XH<H ^~H}O. J\ ^==`
_O_@ K` D =# HH~=O^ q"`=QK#k. J~` ^=,
q"HH= J~# =# =Ò J\ "O KO^@^. â=#= Hey,
J*#= #O^ LO_ L#C_ D =# `#O^ U 'q+=$u L^~ P"
~Q`Òk. F =~*! U =#` q"H=# `y#O`Q JOKO_ ^
H= " xÒ ~ Q f LO@O^ J\ =# =`" =O` B+^=
==` LO@Ok. g~ J\"~ H^. q"HH", L^~=$uQ g=O\"i
=# ^x K`# |#O H^. XH" ^= =` HOz` qH O Hk Oq Oz<,
g~ OkOz# q*#q"H^ =OK` =~ O`` O^Q^.
x`= q"H= HeyO_ g =O\"i =#... [ H=@" Jq+=#
P~OK@".... KO^? J\ [~Q_^? Qe HO_# H^QQÒ^?
^$_z`=# q+=$` Ug K=.

=O` H `k`~ [# H =K#= P ~A PHOK_.

=~ HOKO HOKO ^~ O OAH<_. ~K O ^x= J`x =#|k =~= #"#
i~ *#O` qHO O^~. JO` HeK HOKO Q__.
J<# H`#, z~#=`# HiOK_. P `~"` HO` P~=`
`# O^ L^~Oz# 'f= L^Q= QiOz qKiOKQ_. =O^ "#H
=$Ò`=O` iOKK, WH W@ eH_.
=} =~A : F~! SO^*e_! h =*O H}O O` =^=#
_ aÒ KQeQ^#! ZO` qzÒQ ~zOK=! P! =O`Ôê
D~H J`^`" # k H^! ZO`\ =~ z`" # \H, Jk q"O K " Q^
H! "= D H==~O x~iOK@O ^H` HeyLO_=K. UO O? P
^HÒ` h = =O^ ZO^ xH ~O_ ~Ok H^! "^=# P
P^ Q~ =< X [îOk. Q *=O` L`= q"HH=Q
=# _ JC_C_ =Q, WO^*OQ "O KO^Ò^x q<#.
WH <<O`\ "_#?
F Lù H~}O G 559
F a~! D SO^*e_ O~~_O`\ = ~K~` J~L<_.

Hk =O Ju n~"#, ^~~"#, qz`"# rq`=# KqKOK_. XHC_
|eKH=i iOKQ |^=_ XH Q WO^*=# ~zOz, WO^x H
\\=O` q<#"#i, HO` |eKH=iH WO^^q H\\ # J#=O
HeyOK_x ~} Kk"O.
J^ qÔQ W`x WO^*O 60 O=`~=Q qiOz# J<H H~=#,
KOK i`# KK#.
WC_ <# =K Ok# J<H ==~=#, u Q`# q=iOz
K`#. JO` q#O_.

3. "o PHe q"O

=} =~A : a~!HkH} < =# J#="# n~ J#=
~O~ QiOz K`#. q#O_.
<# D O#= ~x LO_Q D SO^*e_ ZH_#O_ =z
WH_ =# =O^ WO^*q^ îOK@O g~ KK~H^! J`_ XH <=e
OK=# < H=O^ "QOQ u_. JOÔz z`qz`=# ~OQ
HxOK~. < i~h =~z, XO@i"_< q~l=K# P ~OQ< HO`
KK#. U^ Ou < |kx P=OzOk. `qke K_Q, Z^~Q <HH
Q]O HxOzOk. Z=~ ''=~*! D L`=*u Q]O gH `y#k. nx `\
K`, E KK~? nxx g=O\ g~kg~ Jk~OK@O, s K@O
ZO` O^~"# q+O! Jx LìK~. Jk qx <# P `\ OKH}
Q]O Jk~OK#. "@H J_q "t OK< L`H`` =# D ~[^xH L`~ O Q
Q J_= " Q]=# iQuOK#.

P Q]O ZH " "QO` K ^~O }O K#. D =# JqK~}K

H =`" ~=OQ HxOK q+ =# q [_` O Ok, ~= `#= =#
^~=Òk KK~! <# _ P qÔQ è èO_ K ^~O "o,
z=iH XH =#O "tOK#. P =#O Ju OH~OQ#, OK~xkQ#
HxOzOk. JO^ HO` QO 'q~Q z`= = ^~~`" #k.
J~#\H <# J\ `< L<#. ZH_ H#K "~ K@Qx, h~Qx
560
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
HxOK@O ^. Q]O ZO`Q< Je~ LO_@O Q=xOz Py, Jx" H
KK#. J#OÒQ H#|_K# P Ô ZH_ [#OK~O L#@ ^. P
i~ Kz ZO^H ZO` d#_##. U^ ^#O < QO_ "tOzOk.
=~ Q]O ZH Z\ }O yOK#. Z\Q` UO? ~=O J
=xH, q" D O~=# ^\ " HQK#@, <# P q#=#=#
^\ "#. ZO` J~ L# P Q]O` =~H J~}O "tOK#.
P J~}O PH=# JO@K# ^ ^ =$H HxOK~. K@
#O_ =^~OQ Q#O K<~. J~` JH_ < XH zÒ HxOzOk. J^~=K
^#= PiOK ^+x O^ P#O^=$` HxOK= KK~? J\Q JH_ <
ZH_ zH HxOK^. Hx "#H\ =#OHO> Wk HO` YH~OQ JxOzOk.
D r= ''JÒ` ^Y^H=Q =~}=HO> D ~Q= " Jx KCHO@
LO\~ KK~? < iu _ J\Q L#k.

OH=~Ok. HOKO HOKO ~_ Jk K~ <_. "Q =O^yOK

<~OaOzOk. <# Q]O K@ =^ #O_ =OH~\ OH~Q } =O^
` L<#. WO` XH ^ =$H=# "_`# U^ fQ < "_ K@H#k.
<# < KuH_#. Q]= ## =ê Z\ "o ~Ok. J\H ZO` J~
LO_@O K` HO` JH_ _ L<#. WO` ~_ iQ JqOK_.
J~}=O`\ xa_O^H~O "OzOk. JH_ #O_ z <=kQ XH K@ H
`]H ~, ^<#. U"< ~=$Q= JH_ OKi LO_=Kx <
O. P! WH P ~u P K@ `] Z\ Q_zO^ K#. = Hi =x+
`# q"HO H`_ KK~? < |k _ J\Q J~Ok. *HH =O^yOzOk.
`` K@ H\ "|_#"x= qq_#. pH\ #u _#"x=
JÒ`_##. =# "=K H"|_Ok. ''XH ==Ô Z\
èx "Q H@`<<? Jx JxOzOk. P ~u XH H=O` n~OQ
Q_z ~Ok. H=OQ `"~@O ~O"#k. Hx, JC_ < #O ^.
[^. [#O K^. XHH H}O ZO` |~=Q QK#k.
~Ô Kz }O z =z#>#k. XH î^_ Q |OQ~ =@#
Kz#@, XH J*x Q~H$K =Q"# *#O Ok#@ <# ~Q"#x
KK#. K@ ky WH P J~}O OKiOKQ#. JH_ < XH } _
HxOK< ^. JH_H_ U=Ò x =$H= U" z# @ =Ò
F Lù H~}O G 561
HxOK~. "\ ''zz |= qO@ J@ W@ u~QQ#. H=OQ

< h~O JkHO J~Ok. q@=^"#k. PHe`, Ô`, H_ H~H~
_Òk. J<i` < H J@ W@ "`H <~OaK~.
WO` < JO` ^~O XH 11 12 OII = LO_ eH HxOzOk.
P" =\ H@~, zxy, r~"# =G= îOz#k. A@ =_
O~ ~ÒQ =] T_= "_K#k. P" Ku J# =@ HxOzOk.
< } z=K~. Z\Q FH KHx KOK<`=Q P" ^Q~
~Q f#.
''F eH! XH=@. WC_ <HO` PHeQ L#k. D P^ =O <H
J#O @. n# ^Y=# `yOK"i O^ =$kO^`x Ô\~.
< PHe ^ =@` K#... JO@ iOKQ#. Hh UO O? #
OOK "xH H;^q ^#O W=^ KK~? J\Q P" < P~O W=O_<
#_z "oÒk. J~<_ <# P" "O@_ |uq_#. JC_ H#
''U=! F [H~ îOz# JQ~! < "O@_K<"q\? <# KO_
H#<! "= =#+, Q]=, U#Q =OO uO@=O\O H^! <# Ju
~"# ~H=O\^##x h=O\ ^ J JO@ LO\~. = P~O h=
u#@"q\? K K. < "O@_. <#Oz h XH =^ |= _
aOK^. " JO@ `< L#k. =^=^ q<ÔQ K@ "#H, @"#H
^Q_ =`_` ## U_OKyOk. ''~ |! ~=...~ JO@ ##
HqOk. eH KQ@O ZH }OH@O JO> W^ H .... Jx J#H<#.
Z\Q J\ XHK@ P"# gOK#. P" < ~x <" zeQ KOk.
<# P H< KuH_#.
<# : K_ J=~! WH < FH H}OzOk. W\H< h Kux P~O <
Wz }O H@H.
eH : F ^~! WC_ < =#x =@ K`#. q#. h= JO^"# ]"_q.
< #K=. h= < "Q_ H=\xH XCO> W\HC_ D P~O h
W#. Ô\", < ^=# <# `#. #= XCHH`, h <# |= ZO^
\? < Ò_ JkQ, JO` ^~O Z^ `@O, = ^#@O K
LO\_. D P~O = JH" f`<#. Hx h= < "Q_"` WÔ`
Wz"#. P_^xH "Q_ }O` =#O H^!

562
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
JO` PHeQ L#C_ *u ^~ Z=_H H"e? P! PHe H
q^ qiO*Ok.
<# : F J=~! ~. h= Hi#> h ~# J=`#. =O^ P P~O < @.
JC_" P P~O QQO WzOk. <#k P=~=~O@ J=$`ÒQ
u<#. P =O PHe f~H=@" zOK#. =iOH q+O# < |k
xK@" =x"Ok. P H< ^ L# U" `z "\~O XH `
` P eH < WzOk. Jk Q@Q\ `y"#. JH_ Hk qqOK#.
ôK H|_, #\ ~OQ }H KH# P J=~ < K~ @Hx `# Ò_
L# ^ xH fyOk. JC_" < }O `#=O K Hx f`#@Q
JxOzOk. XH J~QO@ #_z# `~"` P" Ò_x gOKO. J`_ _"#
s~O H"_. J`x PH~O K_Q< = H@ L#k. ~_, ^+_
J~# J`x H ~`=# x~z#@<~.
P Ò_ : U""? UOn, WO` P"#k? UO HO?
P : J! D ~Q_x KK"? D_ < #K_. D_ ## =#"_`_O@!
#= ''T J#" ...
P Ò_ : ~ .... P_ XC<_ QO^ .... J\Q =#"_^=Qx ....
=O^ |=@~.
J`_ P~O fHx =~ xH _. P" < H# Ki q#O Qx
+ U"" ~ q~ P_yOk. ''<# U=QK<#? J##k J~O HH
U^ qÔQ z J> KuH_ L<#. WO` O ==~Ok.
"= =Q~O #_KHO@ KO_"\H K~O. JH_ Q_ =O^ H,
H, H`, O^ "^#q =H=HQ H|_ L<~. J<HK@,
< ~H=K `_|_ L#k. P ^ ^=, DQ ^@OQ =~`<~.
Hx Q_ =O^ Ô_ `_Q ZO_\ L<~. Q] K~= `
"_KO_Q, "\Oz ~H KH WOH < ~K<~. HxK@ "K@
K<~. <O` ZO_# "`#, `#, =iHh~ Q z#
z# QO@`# xO_L#k. JH_ ~ K`Q z =O =H ^=
"K ~OH~O K<~. =$^, + J~# JH_"~ P ~# =Oê
<~. <# #_z "@O Kz, "O` P ~}Q} P < " K_<~OaOK~.
J\ HO` #_z, P eH H Q$O "tOKO.
P Ti ~ '+~+.
F Lù H~}O G 563
P eH" WO\ ^=O` <_`#, [O`= qH`# xO_ L#k.

P H#H ~Q ~Q# WO\H ~ è` U^^ KOk. P WO\x"~
P^~O` ## XH Q<Op P#O ~\~. P K@H Q_ "H <
~H QiOz èOk. HOH~~ î#@ cH~"# QO`Q = J`Q~ JH_
P_"` 'F J`! h! K_O_. D_ = H J_. = =O_ =
J= `KOk Jx J~ KyOk. "O^~, 'XH |@=#
KK#@ ## K_Q~. P `~"` <# HO` qqOK#. = ==Q~,
J`Q~ U"" ^~= `z\~. J=h ''W"q\? Jx J_QO_ u#Q#.
=i PHeH == J\k. WH P , = J`Q~ J<H ^Y= `"#
u` }"H HQ~. P "Hx hKÒ < ^ Hey#k.
J~` "=Ò Q ^#=@ îH#@ #=HO@<~.
XH = ~# P eH# <# o K <#. = o~A# JH_"~O`
XHK@ QqQ_~. zq, K#= J~#\q J~# =O^# qOK~.
K =Ok H ^H =^=# `Q~. ^^ "~^=` cH~ |=
K~, P_~, _~. < =Ò P = XH =#~H==, P "~^=
|`k == =^== <HC_ `zOk. r=_ =H=#
~#C_ |_#@ <# =#O =Oz JÔ` xiOQ K L<#. F
a~! WH Z=Q K^=#k? P q"=`==# =_<, Jk
"^Q, <# JH_ "i XH_##. ~`= "^# JH_"i Q}=
<# _ P~OK#. = o L`=O U_ ~` [~|_Ok.

4. H~O
H=OQ ~A Q_<~. Zxqk < `~"` < ~ |`=u J~Ok.
^+ P^ HQ*~ KK~? =~_ J#~=# OH= K
LO\_ H^! J^ qÔQ HO J<H =~ #` Q_=yOk. = HH"}
W^~ `, W^~ H_ \~. H=OQ = Z^Q<~OaOK~. |
` K#"_ J<H ^Y=# O^` LO\_! J\Q <# _ J<H O~
^Y=# =~ =~ O^` H~O K#. < iu J[Ox
=eK= `~~Ok. ZO_, KeH q=} J=` WO`=O^ <#
"t Oz# J~}O ZO`HO OKiOK#. ''@O|+} J< zO` ZO^~
564
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
D =O~~}O OKiOK@O^ KO_? < OK~O _ J\^ J~Ok.
J<H ^ `= =OK` < |k =O^yOzOk. J<H O~ H=K
^Y _`_##. ''P~Q=P~=^#=.... W\ U""
H~H== x=Q=QK k`KH kh iqOK#. ~O "#@,
zxy# =G=# ` K@Hx, Q_"# <u# îOz "k~ J<H "
^~O #_K#. ^~O^ ~+"# XH Qz îOz ZH_H_ uiQ#. DQ "
KO_ J<H =iH ^= qqOK#. < @Ox +OKH"< `#`
J<H `=O^ x=Q=QK r~^ _##. [O`=# "\_ `
ZH_H_ ^<#. Z=~=i< ZO`Q< OOK#. J<H H=K Hey#
^Y `= ~H aO^=` =#"# Hh H~#.
JH_ J_q Hx t HO^ ~ Q$== Q=O\q L<~. P
~Q$= LO_ J\HC_ HH# Ok =O= H Zx ~`
Q_< KO>, Jq H^.
P qÔQ JH_ K HO Q_z~Ok. x~O`~O HO^~ |O^=O> W+O,
=iHO^~ |O^=O> ^+O HeyO_"O. J<H=Ok` U~_# \@
## ^d`xQ#, n#xQ# K~. H<# `~"` <# < ~ `
=~H KO_ Q$O "tOz, JH_ K HO L<O. < =YO ZC_
~` \_@O#, W`~ KO_~` ~} _@O# P`=Q@K Ju
~OQ LO_k. H ~OQ#, # n#OQ# LO@ LO_"_#. "H, e,
\@, Q], Ok, ZH "^# ~H~H =O=# z` qz`=#
q^#= K#O KHx, ^KHx ^KHx u<"O. K = ZO`
^+Oz# `~"` HOK= > "O.
F q`~! a ~! < |@ _ =. Qz`< OKi ^Y^= Q
J<H J#== O^#. =# D =~=#O ''x[" H^! Jx JxOz#@,
JC_ _, JÔ` "==Q< < J#==~Ok. =_z`_< J<H
=$H# x~H}OQ #iH#. @ ~H _qiz |@ H#.
=\ O_ =OO =O_H=@O.... qH$`"# PH~O`, "^# J<H
=$Q= H= Q=# h` H_Q@O ... < K~ OO|_`, ~k#
=$Q= P~<^= =^~OwÒ = qx P#OkOK@O ... =O=# ZO_
P~@O .... P KO_e ~` Jq` ^= _@O. ZO` PHe`
U"" `K^~= #=` lOK@O ...
F Lù H~}O G 565
W=h WC_ [iy# O@#= < HC_ +OQ JxOk. ''J<H [#

eÒ P qÔQ i}qOzO^? H <# =Q_#<? J#@Q
< |k =iOzOk. =z_`# U"" P^# Z^~=@O, [O`= i #O_
s~x ~HO KH=@O, ~ `# +OK@O QiOK ZC_ z LO_@O,
W" J\ ^^ H~H=. WH XHH ~*` < ~ <HO `K=Q =O
=H qQ#O^ ZO` hK"# =@` ^+OK"_x. ''`x |O^"?
J#@ =e# Ô` #nf~O J@ W@ K~ K K >"_x. WOH
< J\ =~# QiOz U=x K=O\~? è a_ `y#@, <#,
H|_# =$Q= =H=x ~H=# A~` #O K LO_"_#. Jq`
[#O K JH_ J<H [# _ ## gk K_Q< ^~OQ i"~.
<O^ '= H~= J< "gzH i LO_q. <K` OOK|_
, [O`= K=HH < PÔ Qe OwÒ JxOKk. < HOKO
_ r=H~}O ^. x+~ +}O K H~OQ ^~O^+"# ^
U"" '~ PH~= Q [O`=HO "``, =#` LO_"_#.
P! ''WC_\ D }x O xq`HO nx e ÒQ <# ^Y=~OQ
J#qOK= =O^"? J< OHK" O_ =iOK#. q+` uQ`
zOuOKO_ #~H= J*#q`# <\#"_##.
Qz @Hx, O`<H^xx HCx Ku _"# =\ H]`, O~
~`"# g= Q_=` <# =O>, xÒQ ==iOK H= =O`
Q[Q[ =}H"~.

^+~`"# ~[`_#Q <# P qÔQ ~*#~ÒQ J<H O=`~
Q_#. F ~! =# D H=# "~# HH=O Z< UO_ Q
=iOK#. D q+O <H P~O QÒk.
JC_ JH_ ^+"# J< W#fQ |^_##. H^ ~=O`
"#H =O^ K_O_ J^*O Ly, =# HeyOK Q~#
K#. P^ =z#C_ U_#. xO^"# ^~ lOK#. U =#H u
#O_ ZH_ Ki |`Q< .... JÔ` =@ JO^^.

HKHO iqOKyOk. O=`~ =<~. `<~. < s~O
H$tOzOk. =$Ô =z_Ok. K~O =_` _Ok. g=, Q_=, ` <
566
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
~. =e`#=# K ^Y=, =#H "^ # O_Q H^! ''`\"i`
`Q^. OOKH=\ "^# J=#+ =~# zH# ## JO^~
x~îOK@O ~OaOK~. PHO ZQ~` JH`Q H#O` H~#
H Q x~^~_##. ZO` OuH ##. zO`HO`_< KH O`=#
(Giant Wheel) Jk~Oz# "x= iqOKQ#. 'H= J< Q~O H@
`# Q_KQ P@@ ## P=iOz"~. x`= Hq"Ok. W\

s~H =#H ^~QO J#q, XH [#O q+O =`" \ OKHO@
LO_Q =~H O=`~O Q_z~Ok.
''<# ~A# J< HOz` WOy`*#O _ P =O ^.
''<# KO__#. D" < ~. D H Ò_x. D P~O <
aOKQH! D < `= kO|_^~QH... WO`=`" < PK< ik.
eÒQ P P x~ =^ < z`= Jx " "` O^` LO_k.
J@ XO\ `= H} LO_Q ~A L^#OQ Q_z`<~.

5. OH~ îHO
JC_ P Ô XH OH~ îHO "OzOk. ZO_# K@ _Q@
=, ^"yQ P îHO JH_ [# ZO`Q< O`# KOk.
KHOQ =~ =. ZO_"_qK Hey# L+"= =# K@h #tOK~.
P "_H Q_ "H _ ZO_~. } HiQ~. } J="
ô` H|_~. [# PHe^K J=\OKQ~. `$} J# #=
aOKH=@O K` ^ ^ [#^ x~#+O HQ~. ^~OQ =$Q`$+#
Kz# ^# Jq [=x qOz iQuiQu < e } q_=
Q~. JH_ gK "= [H}=< => LO_k H^. ZH_< '[= J<
=@ qO> K, JH_ [# ZO` LÒ~ J=` LO_"~. "`=~}O
L+= ~Q` ^~=# +OK#k. P# #=e qOQ#O`\ PHe`
[O` qq_~. Hx K@ HO^~ XHi<H~ KOu#@O _ [iyOk.
HO^~ ^^ `@HH U#Q#, Q]=# KO u#Q~. PHe H~}OQ
r= qs`" # =$` L^~OKQ~. `= O`#O xOQ Ha O >,
èÔ_ K^g H t=#O =Oz LO_"~. L#@O_ WOz ^
P~<^ q#=Kq. Hx Z=ix Z=~ \ OKH<"~ H~. ~+ HOK=
F Lù H~}O G 567
P~OHO ZH_H_H ~Q f LO_"~. W@ JHîHO H~}OQ P ^

=O` +Oz ~Ok. xJy~ P O`=O` qÒ_=O K Q~.
^=O ueOz, JHOQ O Oq Z=~ =Ò UO KQ~?
~= ^YH~" # P^ Oq OK@OK` JH_ [# J< `= |O^ q``
^~ ^ "o~. =iHO^~ `= ` q` |O^[## =^
H JH_ LO_~ =~}O K~. ZO` kOz< D r=_ J@ k # \ JOQ=#
=^_ H^! J\Q HO^~ `= =Q qOz QKH# Q$ ^<^
=^ H JH_ } =k~. =iHO^~ L# T~ =ê ^~^ }O
K `= ~=$Q= P~=~. =iHO^~ `= <e, P~=,
[= aOKH JH_HH_ } q_K~.
J\ =O~O=`, `Ò` _# =O <# ZO` PzOz
XH x~xH =K#. < ~#, # "O@@Hx ^~OQQ XH Ô "o
LÔ` |^~#. = ==Q~, J`Q~ L# T~ =^|kQH, JH_
LO_~. "iH ''=~= _=K J L<_. "_ ~ $K_. "_O> < "^\ #Op
ZO` W+O. "_ H h H~ < H @Hx, ''J! <HC_ ZO` PHe
"O^! u#\xH =OO H"e. `Q\xH ~HO H"e. #= `z\eO^!
<HOHO è^ JO@ n#OQ U_ HQ_. ZO` K< q#_. ZO`
=^~Oz< U_ P_. "_ =Ò UO K_? PHe ^ JO`\ k =i.
JC_ <#, ''Fs! $KH! WC_ =O= U_k~? J~< H PQ. U_ P.
KÔQ! JO@ |[yOKQ#. J<H~ KKK#. q#@^. HO`\ H
"_ ^Q@O ~OaOK_. Ô`, PHe` "_ } ~~_`<~. "_
J=# Kz < K~#O` U_ =zOk. `"Ò` < =# ZO` "^#
OkOk.
''<<! $KH! h= PHe` #H#H_@O <# K_#~. WC_
=O=Qx, ~H=Qx h `z@QeQ J=H" ^. WH XH> LO. h=
## u#. < ~H=O=` h= h PHe f~H.
Jx L^~HOQ eH#. JC__ ''F~ J! h J\QK~. <#
D PHe iOK#. h =O" uO\# Jx JO@ `# #^\` < "H
568
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
$tOKQ_. JC_ JÒ` ^Y~O` Oy`# < =~x H OH@u x
KK#. Jk < Q P^= HxOzOk. P P^# OKH#. H_
H~H H~}= =_##. ~^Y=# LqO *Q^x
qOz, =$`= < s~O JiOKx x~OKH<#.
JH_ WH_ _L# Hx z`# Ui XH K\H *~#. P "`=~}O
"\x =O_OK@O U=Ò H+=xOK^. Jy K@K@ |=# K H
zOk. P |= < }=# HOH#@ JxOzOk. z "o J=OÒQ
P JyH ^H#.
JO`! =~H}O < D s~O O#= g^ #O_ HO^ _Òk. D
=Ou=~ ## < X~QO_ @H<~. WH_ g JOî QO`H < Kq#
|_~. "O@< k`_##.
F ~! D qÔQ D SO^*e_ ## "= =Oz, `_.

6. JO` =<q"
=`[ J~# P =} =~A W@ KCK LO_Q, JH_"~O^
SO^*ex "Q P~OQ K L<~. WO` P WO^*e_ XHH}O
JH_ =^ O #O_ JO`~#=_. Jk Kz# JH_ P~KH` ~.
HHO |îOk. JO` Q=x# \ ==Ou z xK<_. # O`
x|~z, W@ OyOK ~OaOK_.
==Ou : F =~*! KK~! D H}O =~ =# =^ L# SO^*e_
WC_ JO`~#=_. WO` WO^*O K#`~ "` q=# ^# O JiOKeH^?
Hh, J@ K^ JO>, J`xH ^<H ^. D OKux =# kOK\xH
=z# XH ^== J`_ LO\_. JO`Hx, J`_ XH =# SO^*e_
=Ò H^.
g~ K#k WH_ [iy#k ijeOz#C_, ''D OK=O` =<q=
=`" Jx =# è=KK#k. ~H=O`_Q q+Q"#x =# H^
D [Q`! P ~=` J<H<H K=`~= L<~. J`_ `# =K` L`=
q"H=O`# _ "O =Oz"Q_.

q" q+ - q+ <="
F Lù H~}O G 569
P! [-K`~`, =q"H=, ZO` H#== Hey# =# D

=}KH=i ZH_? =# =#= =<=$u J#`Q D J= ZH_? F ~*!
"= J<H=Ok =Ou#, SO^*e# KKO. "iH=iH W@ [##
q"`# K PK#Qx, =~=Qx LO@O^##k q#^, K_^. D
SO^*eO` [ z`=# ~OlO* `^~ ^#O Ok =`"
LO_@O KKO! Q, =#O K LO_Q JO`~#O HQ~? D q+h
Q=xOz# `~"` "= ''W`_ ^== H ~" Jx `KK<O. P
Q=O`_ =## *#Q fik^\xH W@ K LO\_.

N =+ =i : F ~=KO^! P =}=~A H <# _ LO_L<#.

D ==~=O` <# OQ KK#. P Kz#^ h K#.
nxx|\ h= QOK=#^q\? D =# qq^~K#K =$k O^Òk.
K@ H H=, P, +=, H = qi#k P =$H" H^! D
=# =Q D [Q` ~=# qiOk. =~ =~HC_ W^ =#
*#qK~}^ K@@K, `# `= OQ "<~Ò J=Òk.
P`` UH`=# O^Òk. JC_ ^H# JO` #tOK@K ''O`, =#,
Jkf, xiH J#=ux J=îOk.
F ~=! ~^H# #tOz#C_ (Jf``=# =iOKH#C_)
i~=Q P`^= aOKQ^. u r=_ Ou O^@ =~O Wk =`".

7. z`= ^x K=`~=
N~=_ : =s! <^H OÔ. J = D z`= ZO^ q+=<
Ja=Y=`<~? ~=Q P`# ZO^ QOK@O ^?
N =+ =i : Jx\H =H~}"# J*#= JqK~} =#< D
z`= q+a=Y=QK#k. J@ Ja=Y", P ^~= ~=# Ok,
~H=# "z`=` _# =e#`=# O^K#k. OH$ÒQ< J<H
q^"~=K Ou ^$_=QK#k! J\ Ou H ^$_` H~}OQ K`#=
`# ~~=# =~z, =<~=# Ok, J<k HOQ D *##=~}
~O~ `^Ò KO^` iqOk. `K =<=$u ~=# J<H "##
`#O^ xHO KO\Ok. z#"_ `x ~=# TOKHx, P
570
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
T J#Q}OQ Z^~Q ''[_HH= ` _# ~=# K_
KK"? J\Q z^" `#H H## qi OKH#K ^Y=# O^K#k.
J~`, .... Uk ZC_ Z>< H=K - HH=KQH! D r=_ ~^ z^"
J~ L<_.
"# H~OK@ G=z`=Q Jx `=x Q_~O. "#
H~ WHC_ ^=Q K`#O x~ =<=$ux O^K#k. ~ ^Y=
H~}O D r=_ OzH =$` Hey LO_@. ~H~}O iOz#K@ pH\
LO_^H^! OK=$` U z`= ~, WH J\ z`=#Oê ^Y=O`
H}HO \OKÒk.
N~=_ : =h~! z`=# D *Q` = ~=# Q "~"~
J#== Z\ O<~?
N =+ =i : D =# ^~=# ^Q~Q, ^Q~# ^~=Q K "Q^x
W`~" KCH<OH^! "_ z# z# H_ =^ H_OKK#@ D =#
r=O^ q[$OaOk. ''`k`~ J# J#==H H# KO@ Òk.
J*xQ XH @i ^~OQ L# XH t# Kz ''JkQ.... KO....
Jx ` LO\_, KK"? "#` _# z`=# J"# q+=O^
_ OHQÒk. =`hO qOz#"xH |k H JÒ U~_@
K` OK=O` y]# uiy`#@ JxOk. "#K HOH`"# =#
q`x O^ ''`""? J< OH HQÒk. =# "` KOk#C_
KO^_ _ iOK~#O` "_qx "_QK#@ Hx_. î+ =#
Q "xH J=$`qz<, Jk K^Q LO@Ok.
"#K PKk`"# z`= D [Q`~K## `#H 'J~= J#==
# J#iOz QOKK#k.
F ~"! D *Q` u _ = =O\^#x ~[## L^tOz =~
=~ H\ OKK<#.
N~=_ : D ^=xH ^~", ^~ ZO^ =z K~K<~?
N =+ =i : =~ KCK<#. |=Q "# D r=x "=#
H~}=QK<~. J\ "## =OQ KkOz, iH"e.
D O~=#O =# J< =$QO "<*O K` D_|_Òk. eÒQ
J<H ^Y=# =~ =~ J#qOk. Z=x O^` `` qK~} H
F Lù H~}O G 571
^$_Ò K` ^~=@ ''Wq < HQe, Wq `Qe .... J# ~= Q

"# (H) Jax"O #tOzÒ^, J\" xO^ *#O JÒ` O Q "t Ok.
" `y` PHO ~x HO OQ< ^`H=`#@ ''U^ Oê
J# ""O `lOKQ< P`*#O D r=x HtOk. *#" D r=x
`=Q ~=, == _. J\ *#=# J*#= P=iOK@ K`< D
[Q^$+ U~_K<~.
F ~"! =# r=_. JO`Qx, D `K"# ^= r=_ H^
=! ZO^HO\"? D ^= [_"#k. WH nxOê =# =Ò J@
[_= Qx, W@ K`#=Qx HH, D ~O_O\H qH}" LO\Ok. D =# U
H~"` KO^, Jk =`" D r=xK "=OQ K|_#^Òk. Wk ^xx
`lO^, Jk =`" `lOK|_K# ^QK#k. D [QÒ` =#. =#HH
WH_H_ Un ^. D =O_=, PH=, $kq, "=, =` .... W=h
=# =`". D =# H#H P ^~= O^ =# K@O [~QH`
P^~*= H LxH J#===@O [iQkH^!
Z=i =# ` J*<x P~O^, J\"_ ''=__ Jx JxOKHO@
<_. J^ =# q"H= # P~Oz#_ ''*#_ Jx JO@<~. JO`Qx
D [_ s~=# ^$+ @Hx, ''W`_ *x. W`_ =__ Jx JO\=? ^.
J\Q Z^~Q L#^xx KKk =# Hx D H#Q_ H<H=. P =#
q#@# x~iOK K@# ''K= Jx, ~# O^K@# 'K~= Jx, "#
PkOK K@# }Ok= (=) Jx, ~zKK #=# <H Jx
JO@<O. P =$Ò^ =i#\ D =# H H Ju qz`"#k.
=# H` WOk LxH ^. HqÒ JK#k HqQx, H=H^
H^! =# WOk= "tOz P J#==# ~zOKHO\Ok.
XH #@_ J<H " " LO\_.... P "+=h J`_....
Hx P "+=x\H qH}" LO_ LO@<_ H^! J>
XH =H Ò_, ``, `=_, J#, H_, `_ "^#=h JQK<_.
Jh J`_....
Hh J`_ "\ XH\ #O_ =~H\ Q i}q<_? ^!
D =# _ Jx WOk=# "~"~Q =iOk. JO^ U XH\
`# HO_< LO\Ok. nxH "~Q WOk= J`" ^. Wk J"#
^xx JkHOQ#, JkH"#^xx JOQ# K "Q^. [# `C
572
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
"#qQ, q~k[# J" `C f="#qQ# HxOK@" =# WO^
`~}O. `=# J`=Q, J`=# `=Q# =i" îOK@O D
=## H =iOH ^xH < ^ H^! Wk H@ (K^) ==# _ =^~OQ
q, J\ =^~#=OQ< O^Q^. `=x q`xQ, a+x _
`=Q KOK@O nxH^ \.
D z`= ^xO^ U =$uK uO^, P == J> i}qOk. ''Wk
< = J# =$u` Jk îOKK#C_, P == J> " Ok_.
W\ u (Reflection) H ~} H =# =<, "z`_# iO^_
XH ~u Hk QO@ HO O_O_ O=`~= n~"# J#=O JÒ`
*Q` Q, "" #= OQ O O^_. D z` =O K`< WO^^ =_
J#|_ XH =H XH QO@HO XH QO H\ "|_ L<_... J~` P |O^#=
# [#OQ P =~<_ `# `H ''XH ~A H=K#@ èOk.....
JC_ P |O^=# _ O`+=`< J#qOKQQ` LO\_. =#
H "z`= J\k. Q=^ q+O _ D K=`~O K<O. "i
=# ~=` H zO`<=OK` XH<H =$u Hey LO@<~.
J\ =O "~ =#~H=# _ xtOÒQ J#qOK QQK<~.
JÔ` =# H =".
^~O Òz` Ô_O^ Q h < ~`~ H^! =# [~OK|_`
K. WH, `H# WOk=h `=O`@ `" JqÒ J=`~.
^~= QiOz qs` H# K@O (Wk =. Wk J= Jx
ì`Qux x~~OKH=@O) D =# ==~= L#k.
P` JO`\ =~" #k. Jk K", xiH~", H;", x`", H
~", ~^~= O^ "Oz#k. ~ q+= Jf`",
"HWOk= J" =#== =Oz LO\Ok. J\ |=# D
^ ~ =ÒQ K#k D =#. s~=` J^ H# K, WH `# [#
#=Q |= (H P`)< [_OQ îOk D =#.
JO`~OQO .... WK, OH= "^#q Hey# D =# O
#k, PHO #Q~, =^ "^# H# =~OQ HQKOk. ZO`
q"H^ O^K#\H, ZO`Q xqOK|_#\H .... D =# ^x<<
W+"` J=$`ÒQ#, ^, W+OH`, q+ÒQ# KK@ =#@O ^.
JO^K` 'WK =# H c[= ... Jx K|_Òk. c[" =$H=QK#@,
WK =# JQK#k.
F Lù H~}O G 573
N~=_ : D =# Wx+=# ZO^ O^Òk?

N =+ =i : U =# ` ~=Q P` ~= H H`~O O^^,
Jk P ==O^ ''Wk < W+=. Wk < H+= "^# H#h
KO\Ok. J~`, `` A =# W\ K`= HeyO_^. =# J<k
K`#H#O_ iOk. H|\ D "`= H`=, ^=`= _ ''=#!
Hi#`=, #`= O^K#k J^. K`#= Jx~Kh"# `# WKHK`<
W@ =# H ~=# HiOk. J\ =<~=` =<=ÒQ ^
H^ J#=O `#O^ JOwH~|kK O^Òk.
=# OQ= : D =# ZH_ OQ"` JH_ =`" P =# O|OkOz#
J#==# O^Ò^x =~Hi H\ <#. XH_ =# ZH_ Q"
L#C_, J`_ `# uO@# ^~ ~zx _ QiOK_H^! ^$+ Ô
Z^~Q L< _, =# QO HH`, P == Qx, q+ OQx K_|_H =@O
=#OîH J#=".
J\Q D =# pH\ O^ qz` H#h K, "\#x\h OQ
O^Q^. (J#Q JH_ x "\x_ `< HeOKHx L#> K_Q^). D
=# W@ WOk= J@ P WOk=K J#qOK|_K# ^~=
- PH~=# O^K#k.
=# WOk=HO> +"#k. Jk WOk=HO> =#=O^ L#^x
QOK. F ~=! D z`= s~= "~"~ = J*# ^$+H =`"
HxOK@O [~QÒk. ''=#H H~H=" D uH s~=.
D =# ''<x@ JQ^# Jx qOz, J\ =# J#"# D D
L^# x~O`~O O^Òk. W^ =#` L^ H= xOQ L# P`#
Q OK"~ Lk =## JkQq Oz, P`=## HiOKQ QK<~. JYO_=Q
P`# Ziy#"~ JYO_=#< O^K<~. =` ~= QOzO_@K
=<~` LO@<~. n~, "## [~Oz"@K =<~`=#
O^K<~. O^~ q<= Kz#C__, "~ XH H~~
Q qH~~` LO@<~. HO^~ =hQ =# `= H =#
PÒ^ OQ" LO@#C_ `= H K` ÒK|_@O _
QOKH=@O =#O Hx Ki` q<O H^! JÔ` J=OK`< J@

=O_= ==xx 'ÔQ Jx J#x H~` "_O [iy#C_, P s~= Ok# O
J`_ O^H=_O.
574
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
'~ H 'Jf` u ^_Òk. ''D OiH ==~ H`KO^@ J<k
_ D r=# =# H J=OK`< OzOk =! *# J|O
K`< ^Y=# Y=Q, ^# = h `K" # qQ QOKQ QK<~.
JO`^H ^xH? XHx =# ZH_ OQ"#^#H ... JC_ h=
J`xH J<H q=~}` _# H^ K` Jk J`_ Q_? ^ H^!
XH_ WO\< LO_ ''<xC_ D HO_# Jk~OK#. WH_ ~ L#k.
P ~ # gOK#. Kx Qe gOk. K" # " = JO`\ qi< ~.
WC_H D Q "<#. P! q"# QO`~QOx D K@
HO^ < xC_ ZO` OÒQ qq#... Jx qOKK<_#H... JC_`_
JH_ K"# "=#, Q# OuK O^Q_. J\Q =~H_ O^~"#
# ~O_, =OK` J<H ^YH~=Q ^= OKi U_=@O,
#=@O "^#q J#q LO\_. O =# q[$Oa#C_ J<H
=#, O@## O^Òk. =x P ^~*=O` P
=O "=OQ< OkH^! P ^~=h ZH_ #O_ =K~?
P` `# ~=#O_ Ku KOk#^, aÒ (disturbed) J~#C_, `# $^ O
, D ^=#O^ JO`~"
# =##O_ '= J< J=, J\ J= P PH~qH~= U~_
K<~. D *Q` q+O _. J\^.
D *Q`, = ~O_ =# #O_ L`#=`<~.
XH HO_~~ O^ KH|_# qQO P HO_~~H "~#k J=Ò^? J>
D *Q` = z`= # "~ # q H=. H q^= # "z `= z`= #O_
HQK<~. H"# z`=$u *Q` =O^, W+J~+=O^,
Y^Y=O^, = J==O^ =iOk.

N ~=_ : =s ! =}_ P J#==h n~"# "=OQ O^@O
Z\ [iyOk?
N =+ =i : u=O K`< (as a process of Refraction) J`xH P J#"
O K~. J#Q, XH<H n~" # ^$ ==~O J`x z`= #O^ uaOaOK@O
K`< J`xH P J#" HeQ~. ''~} ~OQ Hey#\ D =#
U ~=# q J^x< jOQ O^@O [~QÒk. ^xx Z@ =# K=,
F Lù H~}O G 575
Jk J> i}q LO@Ok. H#H ~=! h Uk =`" LO@O^ J^ =#K~.

XH\ =#K, =~H^xx O^@O [~Q^.
P` H ~=`=# =#K 'P` ~=< O^Q=.
D '=# J<k r= H JO`~=# LO_, D J<H ~=# `<
O^Òk. J@ Ok, *Q` ==Q D [Q`# qiO*Ok.
=}=~A KO_`= Ok# qÔQ<, D z`= u=O K` ''^=Ò
#O_ P~Ò, ~`= #O_ =$H`= O^Òk. XH_, J`x ~ ^$+
~Q#, J`x Ò_ ^$+ H_Q#, XH `x ^$+ `_Q#, J`x
`= ^$+ `=Q# JQK<_ H^! OH=# J#iOz D =#
_ J<H "+= îOk. Jk PH~~`"#\H, z~H J=K
''r=_ J# PH~=# J=îOk. "==Q "#` _H#^, ~`
"Oz LO\Ok. XH_H `# èKe~`-`= "~"~ s`Q
J#`==@=O` =< K=`~"!
N ~=_ : D =# ZOÔz Lù J=Òk?
N =+ =i : Wk [xOKk ZH_#O_ H^. P`H OH" =# H
~=, LxH, #O _! J\ OH= H P = H~}OQ< ^ ~=Q
P` Y^Y=, J
= "^# J<H Ô^= =z_ K<~.
#< #=< LO_ L#@, D Ô^=h _ =##O^ LO_ L<~.
JO^K` =#H zH` KH"e. =# L#\ P"i`"# =<H="
PO^~ JOQ<, JkHOQ< H\ `==@O [~QÒk. z`=#O^
h`" WO`=O^ xz# P Y^Y= =# H ~}K
=H=`<~. F ~=! "\ <` =#O ''^H= Jx JO@<" ....
JÔ` =#OH" J~ L#k. J#Q, OH= =OK`< ^ H=
u Ok#" LO@<~. JO`H^ D s~O aOK@O, q[$OaOK@O, Oux
O^@O, "~# #=# O^@O .... W=h _ =# H H~H==
=! JO`~O =~} Q^~O` OKi LO@Ok H^! D =#
`#H J<H OH=K ~zOK|_# J<H HO~O=# "O@@x D
^ =O^ Q Ju O` =iOk. ''O < = ("<O ) yOz#C_
`= K~ ` J=`~ KK"? J^ qÔ Q Z=_` `#O^ ''q+ zO`#
J< K=# K@ W=_ ...J\"_ =#, P =# HeOK H< q
`=O`@`" Ou~. `` qK~=K q+=#O_ =~eOK|_# =#
576
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
H"_ JOîHO> '+ _ JQK<_. <<! ~=! WH `H #"i rq`q^#=O`
|~^x ~Q rq`=HO>, Qq H^.
Z=x =# UHQ`# Ok ~ O Q LO@O^ J`_ `#H P`^# =OK
~`==Q |^=# O^Q_.
=O^~ ~Ò KeOKH` H~Q~O OÒQ LO@Ok H^! D =#
O=#O Ok` O~ = _ OuOk. J D O~ q+=$HO
"eKk ZH_ `? q+Q=O^ =iOK ''=<=$` J< Ô<
=! D r= J< H^"^` _H#"~, =` =O^|k`
=i<~. K"# z`= H"~ D O~= (wordly attachment) J#^xx
P~< ~. [_` = `Q x, `` e ÒQ |"# \ J<H ^Y=K 'qz#
JQK<~. 'KH= }= = J<H zO` =xy `K, z=iH "uÒQ
J<H HOK~=# =~ =~ O^K<~.
"i `#= L``#= =^H~@== =z `< L<~.
=## x~kOK@O J`j~ LO_"i ûH JO` LO_@ ^.

8. z`= zH` B+Ô

<<! ~=! WC_ D 'z`= J< ~"kx x~eOK\xH XH Q
'B+Ô g JOî=O^ LOK`#. D B+Ô qOK\xH U XH~ ZH_H #H~ ^ .
Z=ih P~OK=# J=~O^. Z=iH "iH `= Jn#O< L# B+Ô Wk.
`=, W`~ O J=~=O_^. Wk ~~ ^H=. L`=
Y^H= _.
"= J<H O=`~= n~"# `K, ^#=K, qK~}K,
~~ "^"^=K ZO`Q< qKiOKO. J@ qKiOz# `~"`< WH_
q<=. D K 'B+Ô H "q\ WH_ "OK#
J<H=Ok *# QOz L<~. WC_ P 'B+^= H q+=#
KCK<#. JO` ^Q q#O_.
''W+ == @ U~_ =$ux `lOK@O
D 'z`= J< `} x~kOKO> '"Oz` == (I want some-thing)....
J# ^xx `lOz" e. J@ `lOKO> P` O|OkOz# Z~H#, H`~=#
F Lù H~}O G 577
OOkOK s~H =#H H# P~OK@" LO. J@ P~

LO_Q HO`HxH, D ^$=@ U~_K# 'Wk "= " J# J=O #y`
=Ok. 'W+== J# =$ux `lOKK, H=H=OQ '~Q=^+= J# ~O_
^+= z`=#O^ K@ W=O_ LO@ LO> K. J\"xK =#
[~O|_@O JuO.
'P`H`~= J##\ `=K D z`=# q^ J~#\ D O~^~
=^= #O_ `yOKe. Z\Q< ~ '^#=# 'P`~= J# `
==#O^ xqOKe. ''P Q}=` _ Hx# D r=O` ==`
~! J< =##=# ~A-~A OOkOKH"e. JC_ h= *#_",
D O~= J#|_^x#O_ ~HO|_Q=. +"# q+=# qx, =##=
KHey# =# Q F ~=KO^! ^MyO^ i`=QK# h =##
=~H h =#` [~Oz" e. =#`< =## J}z" e. [~Oz" e.
P ~O_= =## zO`~`=`#, G ÒQ=`#, n~`=`#,
O```# xO"e.
XH _ ^+, `K H~= O^ x~O`~O x=Q=QK<_#H ....
JC_ UO KO? J`xx J<H L` ik^ uO.
=O : Affectionalety explaining / Gentle cajoling
^#O : offering/showing the advantages
Ô : differentiation
Ô_O : punishing
W@ D <Q L =zÒQ `y#O`Q LyOz J`xx =~H
L`= H~=#O^ qxyO. J> D z`=H '^$H J#|_ XH
Q=# ''^$ u~ $u .. PÒwH~= J# =$k` xO|_# =#H
=~H QO` xqOKe. =zÒQ <Q L Ly
LO_e. WO^ H+O Ug ^. HO` `j_", ''D ^$= `= H^H^!
WO^ < PH ZO^ LO_e? H|\ Jx i`#, Jx "# 'D
^$= J"=" J# Z~H Hey LO\# Jx x~~OKH. h ^$+ D ^$=
J"="#kQ ~_` JC_ OKK# u< ''=^# u Jx JO@<O.
J\ x =k O^ xq`_" LO_. WH P "u`" # H~H==#
xtO`Q, J<H~HOQ, OQ~ÒQ, L^Q~ÒQ x~i LO_. JC_
J@ hK x~iOK|_K# P H==~= H~}OQ h '=k u H =K
>g LO_^. "=O` _ J> '=k O^ ~" ''t+ P`q+"
578
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
kOK@ J# D Q~^~=#, `k`~ *k H H~=Q H~H==#
x~i<O. h= _ L`= ^H=Q '=k J# `~O^ =##
xyOz, J\ =k ^~ z^` `\ =## ~^ SH~z LOK.
F ~"! ''q+= Ja+OK@O J< *_=# x~HiOK@O (H)
`lOK@O h Jn#O< L#k =! ^xH Q~=Qx, =iOH=~Qx UO K Q~
KC? h" JO^H~H uOKe. J\ Ò h ~^ `=# K~Q^.
''Ja+# [~OK@ J< "~Q=$ux J#iOK@ ^=H#\ =#A_
H@H=` `y#"_. J\"xH kH~=QQH!
N ~=_ : g! U"" ~=}"# == = Z^@ = ` LO\~.
"\@ PH~} qH~} U~_O_ KKH=@O Z\ Ô?
N =+ =i : P`H`~~ =#K Jk ^ "! ~=} "# J~=} "#
==, W+ J~+"# "~ `~_` LO\~ H^! J~`, ''W=h _
~"`==Q ~|= H ~" J~ L<~ H^! ~=` KOk#^
H^! Jx q LO_. JC_ Q =^_ XH x [~Oz"#@
h= D z`=# [~Oz "Q=.
J~=O ~= ~} =~` Oq^ I
=<= tt` =`<= r` II
F [#~! ''^#= ~# ` [ ^#= ÒQ=
qK~} =O\ P`H`~~ =Q ~+ `= gK ~ ^ P~OK|_QH!
JC_ z`= `H [~Oz "|_Q^. J@ [~OK|_# z`= JÒQ<
|=# O^K#k.
`# Jn#=< L#\ ''Ja+# [~OK@ J#|_ =<xQOHO
uOK"_ '=#A_ J# ^=# `QK<_. J@ uOKx"x [#
`k`~ [O`= [#` =#" JQK#k. ''Ja+` =`QO, ''D H#|_
"~O` ~=` ~, J# ~=` _# L J= Z=iH<
`= =#< ^$_` ~ O J=`<~. D ~ O_\x P~OK O_ L#O`HO
"k [# Q_z#\H "HO ^Ô. P`H`~O H~H K `=
|O K`< ^$H ~" # =# #tO* |_Òk. =# #tOK@O [iyO^,
WH D H==, PH~}, qH~} "^# `= `=O`@ `" #t~. J\
PÔ`~ `=Q ~[Y=#, =<~ ù x D r=_, D ^ O, LO_ LO_Q<
`H OkOK=K. H#H ~=! h= ~^ r=#H`= H~H uOK^=QH!
F Lù H~}O G 579
q+ =@ u~~O, =<<#= H~ O^` H `, WH Q~=

=fHx kOK@O...G=x J~=# qK~}K@O ... U `~|_
=O`=# LKiOK@O ... W=h W==#O` eÒ W==.
OHeOKO_@O : 'OH~`= J< G=# xtÒ KO@ LO_.
J\ G=K D z`=# Ò_ =OQ KkOK=K. z`= OuOz#
=~H}O D r=_ ''~~= ~" O`= J~#\ |=H
~=# `H OìOKO@<_.
F ~"! ''D 'OH= J< J#~O x~eOK|_H=@ K`< O`=Q
'r=#Hu aOK@^ Jx QOK. L`="# =#[ [# Ok, `^~
"H=# J~_ JQK# D r=_ ''OH= KO_@ J##k J
LO_@ Uq H+=#^ = J~=Q@^.
N ~=_ : Ò_! Uk U"#\H, ~|= (The culmination of past deeds) = @
=iOz f~Òk H^!
N =+ =i : F *~! ~=KO^! 'J*#^ # OiOK@ H~
=`" HeOK|_, K|_K# '~|= J#|_#k hK WC_ PîO|_=#
<=#k?
F =#=~! g JOîH =~ =~ Q~K<#. P`H`~=Q
~+`=K D z`=# 'JzÒ KO_. JO`Qx P H~} D H~}
KCHO@, g#" HOKHO@, ''=#=[# OkO_@ J#|_ =`~
J=H=# =$^ K HHO_. ''<# r=_#. =<|^_ # J# `KH # K @O
g ~=Q P`# u~iOK@" =!
JO^K` g~ ''J=OK` OKQ L`= |^=# O^@
"= H OQ Hey LO\O Jx ^$_OQ x~~OKHx '= (=`~"#
P= H"~) HO_. JO`Qx, ''<# _#, J_# Jx ZO^ =#
Ke? J@ `z `= O^=# JQ`"=#k? g ~=Q P`
J\ J`=# PkOK@K g =K "=#^ HOKO K`~?
z~HOK ''<# |=<. JO`Hx, D ^ =< |^^ <#
H# Jx qOKK ^"# L`= |^=< OÔ_.
JOu=H`~=$uK Pq~qOK x+OH K`# ==# HiOz, `^~
Jq^# O~OQ #tO*O_. g z`=# PÒ^ ~O*O_.
580
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
''z^=## H=H=OQ J=~KHO_. J^xx $Ô fik^HO_.
=`~OQ k~KHO_.

9. 'z` # =# K@O
''< O^ D < =# _ H`"# ''` x` == JQ
''P`, <O^#>, ~O^ ~r=~O^ _ H`"#k Jx
qOK@ z^ =#.
J\ z^=##, ~~KH#@O^ =^#=Q D '|k x
xyOKe. F [#~! g~O` z`... z`=# ~"#\, z`=# _
qOy" HQ#\ ...~=Ò^ xH_ Hey LO_O_.
F ~=KO^! XH<H_ HO` = #Q@K` t=k# Kz ''Wk
`~k Jx `K@O [iyO^#H...! qAQ "iK Uk t=", Uk `~
è*|_Q, Jk J`_ QOz# `~"`, W`~ ^+*#O `yÒk
H^! ~+Ò K"iH HO` HxH ^+*#O `QÒk. JC_ =##
[~OK@O " J=Òk.
XH_ J#^QOQ, F~`, <~` u< ^#=, ^=, ~[=
O^K<_. =<[O _ J@ uOz#"xH kOk. J~` ~[=,
^#=, ^q "^#"\ ~[O, K~O, Ò =O\q LO\~.
~H= _, ''< }=O` Y~` J^H= `<.... J< =<"k
LO_=K. Hx, ''D =## [~Oz, PÒ^ xe LOK@ J#^x J\
`^#O`~ H= LO_=. J\ ''==`"=$u (Natural avocation towards ones
own self) J~#\ 'Pù H~ D r=_ ZO^ u LO_~^? F
~[#~! J\ z`~=Q Pù O^H =@ H~}O J*#" J~

L#k. ''"= D D # L<O. JO^H Pùx J=îOKH`<O Jx
H@O U=Ò =O H^. ''~= P```" Jx x~OKx ^`ÔQ<
gg ^~= x~i LO_O_. P`H K=`~=O` QOz# `~"`, P
g Z@ Lz`=x Jx J> KO_. (H~ x~iOKO_ ^ `lOKO_).
H|\ ''P```=Q P Q=O`_ WÔ` Jx QOz, J\ OQ}=
H H ^~ =# H OK#=# [~Oz"O_. WO`=` =#
HeyO_@ H+"=#k?
F Lù H~}O G 581
`# =##Oê ^+=q\ QOz, J\^+i` =## [~OK@

^_KO_x"_ D HO OÒQ Z@ rq_ =H~=Q@^.
N ~=_ : =s! D [# [~ =~}=, W ~H=, ~+ [#
"^# `ÒQ=O` U"#k? P` J^== HkQ^! D ^=O`
ZOÔ\Ok?
N =+ =i : ''<# ~+_#. <# x. <# [xOzux <# rqOKK<#. <#
=~}<#.... "^# ~H# KOKz`= H =$` J~ L<~.
^~xH Z=~ =~}OK@^. [xOK@ ^. D =# ''Wk < [#, Wk <
=~}=. Wk W=. Wk ~= Jx =Q HeOKHx J#qOk. D
=# WH_H =Ok. =~ ~H=# Òk. =~H ~=Q iOk.
D qÔQ "H ~O`= =#O^ H# Oq< L<~. ~=
H<=" J~LO_Q, WH =~}O ZO^? Z=iH? ZK@?
D ~= z`=H =". z`=# "~# ~"n D [Q` ^.
|O^= =~}Oz#C_, `k`~ ~^~=# P H=# O^K#k
z`"Hx ^K`#= H^ =!
~=` ~" PH~`_, =`~ H=O`_. ~`_. =^+
~`_. `K ukOK|_#\ J\ ~=Q ~=Ò^ D z`=#
O Ke. WOH =~ LOK`# =H aOK^. D < x~O^"# JaO
D uH=Oê J<H=Ok ``"`K JOwHiOK|_K#k.
D q+" "ÔQ=# Lx+` x~+OQ H\ <~.
z`= LqOKQ, H= z<`==Q +OK> =H.
WO`qOz '"H= J#|_#k "~Q ^. P`H`~ ~"# ^=
$^=#O^ L`#=HQ JC_ D r=# ~=Ou aOk. ''< P`
~ P`. ~ P`~! P` WÔ`! ..... J##^ P`*#O.
J\ P`== =`" `"#k. Jk uH=K J^" ~^
"QO^K#k. ~ "H" , JYO_"
#k. J*#=e# ~ `=Q J\ P`H
~" ... <#, h=, D ~a, ~ `q+`=~=# r=~ _.
F ~=KO^! Juq~ = Q $^ H=#O^ D '=# XH ^~H=}^~x
= Ò_=O KOk. JO^K`, h= JOu=H`~=$u (The final beautitude of self)
K H=#=Q, 'z^= J# ^~#KHO Ku îOK. JC_ D =##
KkOz"~. P WH Z\ =#H =^ x# kOK=.
582
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
D `^, `k`~ q+#== JqK~} K`< ~=}OQ
H#@K<~. "\Oê J~=}`= QOK|_O^, =~H}O =#H
~OQ= `y <~e#>. ZO^HO\"? D ^$=#=Q OKO #
D ^~O~ `k`~ O|O^ O^==, Q$ ^# H`^ W=h
_ =# H qq^ JOQ= J~L<~. J=h =# qOK#O`
=ÒK` qz#O HQ=. OH~Ò K` =# ~OzÒk.
''OH~`= - J< JO : G=, Jy, `= L#K>`
O "=K. ''OH~`= J# `=#O^ "O^? OHeOKH
~#O`=Ò K` =# ~OKQ^ H^? OH~`=# P~OK@
UO H+O L#k? D [#O` Uk ", Uk |O^" QOK^~QH! D z`=
==~O JÒ` *Q~ LO_^~QH! HH ==~ L#C_ ''Wk
^H=. Wk H^ Jx D [# Q<~ H^! =i, g~ ''OH~`=
Jz`= QiOz ZO^ QOK@^ < J~O H=@O ^!
=# ~# =#O L`="# HO^ xq LO\O. J^ qÔQ D
=## _ L`= =~O< xyOKe. O> nxx [~OK@O H+"
J=Òk. U =`` D =## XH ûQ xqOKK, H=OQ nxx
#tO*~, J\"~ ~ L`= JQK<~. J\"~ ZH_=O> JH_
`k`~# _ `==< '=Q K"Q~.
Z_i =< =$Q`$+ J#==` LO\~H^! D ''OH=
J< ==~=#O_ OH~=, =^H= J~#, J<H q`
L`#=`<~. J~` HO^~ =h OH= P= L#\ P``` =#
~^ O^`< L<~. F ~=! "= gKQH! =^=h
Oy~, H=x\h =Oz"QH! ^^k` XHiQ [eOKQH!
`= =## [~Oz" ~O K"# =` M^= O^~. "^=
O^~. #=#O_ Ku O^~.
D [Q`, D $+ L`"`="#k U^< L#^#HO>, Jk ... JH$u==,
[_`~`= J~#\ J=#" OH~``" J~ L#k.
D [# J<, ''J! U^ =`~H H 'qk J#|_k ==# D
O~O _" kOk Jx J#HO@ LO\~. Jk iH^. D '=#
J< c[O#OK Y^Y ~H=# =, D T~, J^H=`
_# O~~} OK~O O<~. =i =#, OH= #O_
F Lù H~}O G 583
qOk. `# `# `< Q_ Ô@ ''D Q_ ## OOk Jx

`K@O =~` " J=Òk H^! J>, OH ~K# J~ L# D O~^+=#
~<=i< ^+OK@O '=~Ò Jx JxOKO@Ok.
F ~=KO^! Wx =@ JY~^. XH=@ = \Q K`#. q#.
JOH#=`H ^ H k^ I
JOH#=* u=+|``^ II
x ` ` ~ H " # 'x OH O J#|_ = =[O D uH
=[=H < , ~ k H = H < _ ~ " ` = " # k. ''< # ^ x x
OHeOK O_^# QH J# =O ~ O K #O` =ÒK` Jk kOK|_Q ^.
J\ xOH= D r=x ''P`^= J# O#= ~O_@Q^.
WO`=` ~" J<H =@ LyOz GH `~=
GH~ D [# k<~. WO`=Ò kOK@O H+"q L#k? XH_
L+`=K kO|_K<_#H .... JC_ P`x gO Q Jy Lq
LO>, L+Ò `QÒkH^! J\Q ^$`^`= =# HQK# ^$=H
=##= (''q+=# P~OK@O ^$=# OqOK@O =# HQK#)
'J=##= J# JO K` H=OQ P r=xH L=<x HeyOKQ^. ^$=
QiOz =##= H=OQ H~OKKO_Q, D =# r=# Jx~Kh=Q
L`=Y=# JOk LO@Ok.
D =# #H `KHO>, XH z^}=#O^ HHk |O_=#
"~ ~Q, q+= Q, QKiO* Q^. OH=ÒK` J<H $+ # ~zOKO@
Q^. Jk r=# ~z KOKQ u Q`, q==, ^~H =,
^+ J` PH~} JO` LO_^. ''J\ ^+=, ^~~= J~#\ D =##
[~OK@ Z\? J##^ JOîH =Y"# =. GH~K K|_K#
J<H x==, x+ Jx\H L^= XH>. D =## <~=
xqOK>. J\ D =# x~O`~ J=K kOKQ ~O_ P^=K
=`" [~Oz"|_Q^.
1. `$~`= (Desirelessness)
2. O`+= (Contentment)
D ~ O_ P^= # xiOKH. JC_ D =## [~Oz"~. q[=#
O^. P`^=# Jk~OK. J\ P`^= WC_, WH_ aOK=#^ Qx
''=~H_ Z\H aOK=#k Jx qOK`Q ^ . ~= q`" # , J=#~" # ,
584
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
JOH~~`"#, ^Y~`"#, O`~"#, D '[# "^# qH~= U
H} =O^# LO_#\ u 'P`^= Jx =|_K#k. P`"` K =`~ " # kQ
K|_K# P P`^= H=O OH~ÒK` U~_Q J=#u J~
L#k. Uk hH, <H, ~H `~" J~ L#^ ...Jk O^\xH
uXHiH ~ L<~. F ~=! J\ 'Pù x U=~z J<H =
# JQK PH H~}OQ D O~Q~O H@q\_=# J=~O U=#k?
J\ JQÒ^. *xq J~, P ^suQ =iOK@ LzÒ.

10. =# H =O L=#=
N=+=i : F ~=KO^! D =# U ^~O QiOz U qÔQ f="QO`
=$`=Ò^ P H~< ^~=# P qÔQ< QOKK#k. `\H
h\ |^^= (|_Q) U xq`= O_< qHOQ L`#" #t
LO\~H^! J> D =# _ OHqH= f="Q=` L`#=QK,
#tOKK<~. j``= =OKH ~O, #~OQ H@HH ~OH^!
''OH= H f"f== J# KOK`" D =# H ~O. OH=
~O~ =#Q K|_Òk.
N ~=_ : D K =# ~ =$` =Y`= H^! nx "Q=#,
|`~OQ J~< ~, x"iOK^\?
N =+ =i : <<! D HO ZH_ =# `# KOKÒ q_z\
HxOK@^. JyH L+Ò Z\Q, =# _ KOK`= ^~"#k.
z`= ''=` _H# K`#= H =<~=
z`=#Oê KOK HH ''=#HH Jx =|_Òk. Jk D
[Q^_O|~=O`. "= OÔ^= ~=Q Hey LO\Ok H^! 'O^=
H 'K `= HO_ D z`= # "~ ~O ^ . KOK`= O_ ~O^,
D z`" O_Òk. J\ =<<#" '`"H= _ J~L#^x
G= Ô`=. =# Q#H 'JYO_= J"= ==Q Q P`<
x`= =##O KO>, WH ^Y=h =@===H `^. ''JO^~ JO`
(<` ) P`~" J< OHO` =<OH=# [~OKe.
D =# H 'z`= J< ~H_ iOz q[$Oa LO> J<H "@, ^
Y=, hK=$`=, ^ ^$+ Oy~e =z_K<~. JO^K`, ~=!
F Lù H~}O G 585
h= D =## `~HOQ P`^=x"Q #_OKQey` ... JC_ ''^

H ==K iz#= H*#\ J#O` "HY=# J#qOKQ=.
^Y=`^`K ~u`t` ~H
Y #O` Q Ò `# `. (.10, ~=. 112)
J<H ^~# (Bad tendencies) P#O K# D =<KOK=<
''Jq^ J< |O` KCK<~. J\ =##, ^x KOK=# ''P` qK~=
J# L^Q~` f=`= (Unemotional - intensified effort) K <#= K=K.
N~=_ : Jk Z\ Ô =s!
N =+ =i : =O^Q, D z`H ^x" iOz JK@ u+"Hx LO\O^
Q=xOK. UU WOk OzH q+ => " =PH
=L^Q=
U~_` JK@K@ h z`= `QHO@#>! J\ OQ =# QK#
q+=@ J<H (Un-attachment) OOkOKH. H=OQ P
q+=# `lOz"~. P`== QiOz, ^x ^~= QiOz =~ =~
=##O K LO_. P` QiOz# =K~O q#, zOK, J=OaOK. JC_
Ò_ ''"H= J# L`= aOKQ^.
F ~"! J =# J##k L#^H_? `J`, [_K`#=
=^Q ~= H `` =< =# JO@<O. D =# J@ K`#=", W@
[_=" =$`= Hey#^QK#k.
P`# qOK@O
K` < #= O
>
T~ =~O
>
=#
H
z`=
J^=~O
>
>
[_`#= O
^$#=O. ^$
=##O
586
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
D =# [_^~= q+", ''Wk "#k. Wk J"#k J#
zO`# KK#k. J\ [_`=# OOkOz# ^$_OK H+`"# D
z`= [_` =< O^@O [~QÒk. J^ z`= z^= # zOuOK@O [iy#C_,
J\ 'z^ z O` # H ^ $ _ O K K ` # =` UH = K #k.
~+ `=K ^xO^ D z`= xyOK|_`, J|O J#iOz,
J^x~=< O^K#k. JO^K` ~=! h= ~+ `=K z`=#
z`=K [~Oz"~. ~^ ^Y~`=Q P`^=< P~ LO_.
~ O^ =# JkQq Oz, x`, Jkf`, JYO_` J=~K H. '=<<#=
Jx =#O KCHO@# HH==#O^ OQ_" LO_^=QH! D =##
|`~OQ q+= #O_ q=YO Ke. WO`qOz "HH "~ LO
^. _ Jix P ~O i<H^, K^= =Kk!
=## xQOKQeQ^k?
D =## xQOKHeQk D $+"Ò g^ XH> XH\ =#k.
Jk ... ''h =#
~A# ~* [~OKQ_ Qx _ ~A# [~OK_H^!
D r=_ 'O~= J< =Ô_ '`$+ J< "eK _O|_K,
k`K<_. 'q+= J< zH ^~^~ H@` L<_.
J\ D r=# 'q"H= ` _# =# '<H JQK#k. n~= =O\k,
^$_|O^# ~=Qk J~# =## =#`< KkOKe. P`# |O^=#O_
q_OKe. =iOH HK`# |O^q"K#= HQ^. '=# J# ~`
K |_ K # '" < = O J< H ' O zH q+ = J#"\ H
QK|_#k. D =# ^~=" =$u Hey#k.
A_#"_ J\ "## ~Ò KH=\xH u<_. '[
ij# H~=_#C_... "## JkHO K O@<_. e Ò? |^_ JQK<_.
L+Ò H~ Jy Pi=K#@ "# H~ Jq^_ H~OKQ^.
H#H, ~=! "@"^@ Q"## `lOK. J@`~"` ^"##_
=ê"~. WH q+=# _ `lOz, qH~`_" YOQ LO_.
'~#O^= # '^$""= J# P=~}= =~Q~KK#k. J\
Jq^# ''P`H`~ ~=# K `yOz"@ ''"## H~O*@
JQK#k.
F Lù H~}O G 587
F~! r=_! h= ""xH ~=# ~^ H=H" L<=. ''D z`=

^~ H (The Witness of Experiences) UU ^~=# J#qO^ J\ P
J#== HO^ Qx, P J#==O^ 'H Qx O_ =@
J#^x< ''x~}= Jx <~.
q+#=O HeyO_@ ''^YO.
q+#== Jf`"#u HeyO_@ ... ''x~}O.
J\ x~}= `=K ` H aOKK#k. ''P! ""H_? P x~}"H_?
"= ^xx W\ OÔ Jx KC HO@ J `j~ LO_"i` H<< =^.
Z=~` `j~ P`q=` qK~}~HOQ ==i<~ "iH `=
H~`=H= JQK#k. _"^=` P` ux QOKx "i` "^@
J#=~O.
F ~=KO^! *Q`Q q#. h =# ''P q+= "\x O^=
#< `= H~O K LO>,.... ''J=h q^ Jx QOK. ''J=h
J*#= #O_ L`#"# =< H== H^ Jx q LO_. H=OQ J\
J*#"# c[=< `yOz "H\xH u LO_. J@ P "#
"Ô@ `lOz x``$_"O_. WH P q+[x`"# ~H=#
=iOH#\H OÔ_^= QH!

11. Jq^
N =+ =i : HO\^+O =#< PHO ~O_=KO^_ H#|_#@, "#=#<
^$[Q` Y-^Y |O^= ~OQ OOk. J~`, ''"# J<q
q^~OQ< L^~<~. h\ uaOaOK PHOQ J== J~#\H,
D ^$==~O Jq"H=K `= J~#@Q Ok. WÔ` Jq^ H
=". q" nxx K# C_ ''WÔ` 'Q_e ~ O_==~_ J# =@Q
"^ J`", J"="#k .... J# ^$+x Hey LO@<~. "i ^$+
WÔ` x^ J~ L#k. Jq" ^$+,... "~H qÔQ LO\Ok.
F ~=KO^! h= J*xq H_^ =! KHQ P`qK~}K ``*x"
J"e. PHO ~O_=KO^_ J"=" J~#@, ^ `~=Q 'Jq^ H
'O~= H '^$= J##q_ LxH Hey=. D OKO |`` "H\
` W`~= # \= h < = . "k `~O Q=` _# q=^=O` [="
588
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
J~ L#kHx, =iOHg H^H^! "=H=, q^~= J~=#
D ^~=h 'OH= # "~#q U=Ò H^. P` ~^ =~`=,
x`=, "H=, ^=, ''h < D ~ ~= J~ L#k. J\
PÒ^ D ^ `=# P~OK@ `Q^.
N~=_ : "= P`~" J~#\H _, =i U"" H ==~=O^
"tOK==Ok H^!
N =+ =i : J~` = \Q x# XH J_QK<#. D OzH
O@#xO\H h= H~"? H^ H^!
h= H~= H#C_ D HO^ h ==Ò ZO^H KC?
Jkf_Q ~=` XH_ ~ ~` ~^ u HeyO_Q, WH
Z=xK U H Z@ X#~|_Q^ KC?
F A_! ~ "! J@x, h= JH~= _ H=^. `=K ^ OHQ
"n `~`# aOK^ H^!
N~=_ : g! ''H~= H=^ JH~= H=^ Jx XHi ~~ =u~H=#
suQ P*<~.....? J^x =#O Z\ ?
N =+ =i : WC_ h H~~O XH\ KCK<#. q#.
H~, PH -
U^< H~=# Ja=#~ `_" x~iOK=#H. JC_ hO^ PH LO_^
H|\ JH~" J=`= =!
J^qÔQ ''<# nxH JH~# J# Ja=#O HOz`_ H L#C_
''~H~ Q< LO_ LO\=.
h= ""xH P` ~=Q Q"_=. H#H x+_=. J\ h D
^ =K K |_ H O |Ok O z# '|O^ # O Z\ JO@` Ok? D
H==~=g h ~=# $tOK=.
''x+_#, P`îx J~# < D H~ $`= "=OQ L#^? J<
q+O =O^ zOK. J 'H~ $`= J<k `"`, ''<# nxH H~#
J##k QOK@O LzÒ. JÒ J~`? `lOK=O^H^! 'HH JO`
H~=# ^$+ @< U~_Òk H^! H= (The ultimate results
of all acts) `" LO>, JC_ h= H~O^ PH Hey LO_@O Lz`=Òk.
ij<`H ^$+` Kz#C_ D H=h _ `=, J"==

F Lù H~}O G 589
J~ L<~. J\ q^==~" J~=# D H~O^ PH Hey LO_@O Z@

Lz`" KC? XH WO^*Ox ==OQ U ^$==~=O^`
^~=h ==", `", =<#~" J~~K< J\K@
PH HeyO_@ LzÒ Z\ J=Òk KC? Z^~Q Hx# D O@#,
J<H H=~=# P~OK@K O^|_= D ^~*O... D ~O__
P`^$+` Kz#_ `= H^. WH g\ QOK=#"q? `lOK=#"q?
F ~uH=! ~=KO^! ''D O~=# c[= =O\k Jx =#O
KCHO@# 'Jq^ ~^ x^ J~L#k =! J~#\H K=`~OQ L#>
`KK, q~=Q O^|_Òk.
H$u= "+^~} Q D Jq^ J~=Q D O~O`=# ~OaOK
KH= =O\k. Wk D r=x z`=#Oê "# Jx QOK. "^~ fQ ("^~
q# @@ "_`~) JOÔQ LO_=K. Hx JO^ u#@ ~zH~
"#^n aOK^H^! D Jq^_ H r=x PHiOk. Hx, JO`~=# =Ò
#OQ#, x~OQ# LO_ LO\Ok. #n`~OQ=# XH H]` qlOK@
uOz O HQ=? J\Q D Jq^ _ J<H `= `~"`
_ #tOK@ ^. Ku` `@H U=< JO^Ò^? ^. q+# "ix
^dO*@O nxx qOzOk "~H\ <^.
D Jq^ J<H H~}== Hey#@, J\ Jq^ H~=~=
J~#@ QKiOk. Hx, HOKO ''ij<`H K`~` ` K, ... '`=
x`= ... ^$ nxH U LQO <^x è=Ok. '=$Q`$+ _
`~OQ "="#"\= Jx~. Hx JH_ [O ZH_? D H~ H~}=
_ PH~=ÒQ =`" H#|_K#q. D Jq^ XHK@ =HOQ =~HK@
KO Q# XHK@ =Q# - =~HK@ n~O Q# XHK@ ~ O Q =~HK@
KOKOQ# Ok. nx =OK`< L`#"# D H^~= ~~
^" Ok L<~. Jq^ =OK` H#|_K# D ^$==~=O`
# #" J~#\H, |@ =Ò ~=OÒQ#, O^~OQ# HxOk.
ZK\ x^ J~#\H JO`\ qiOz L#> H#|_Òk. '[_" J~#\H
K`#== HxOKK, =#H K`=# LrqO*K#k. WO^
U^< XH xq+"## XHK@ ~Ò Hey LO\O^? ^. J~## WÔ`
~OQ L#> JxOk. `Q}OK` ÔQ#, `"Q}OK q#yO[Q =e#
=~OQ# H#|_Òk.
590
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
J~` 'Jq^ J< ~` ==iOK|_K# D ^$==~= (H) D
H#|_ OK= OHH= H<H^. ~=`H =OK`< Wk
q[$OaOKK#k. =~ J`x H`~OK` #tOKK#k. Z=x ''==K
H#K ^$+K Wk q[$OaO^ J\ "x *#^$+K H}O =@==Òk.
WC_ KC. XH<H '=# H '^$+ K LO_, =~H =#^$+K O_
k L#\? #\? J*<O^H~OK a# D ^$#==O` P`HOK
~`=QK#k.
P! D ^$Jq^ '=$Q`$+ = +"#\H, q^=# =~#=
` q=O`=Q XCK#^?
=H", q+~", Ju H;" J<H P^ P"= ``=
J~#\ D 'Jq^ H "="# ~"q\ QOK\xH "= ZO`Q<
uOKO. z=~, ''D Jq^ '`$+ H '~Q= ` "~ ~O ^ Jx
QOKO. P ~Q= #tOzO^ ...WHC_ #< x nOQ Wk jOQ #tOK
Q^. ~Q= L#O`=~ D Jq^ LO@< LO@Ok.
P! D Jq^ H}HO iOKK, KOK", =~ =~ r=x [_`=#
P~OKOk H^! JAQ"ix Wk ZO`Q ^dOKOk! `~HOQ D
r=# "fQ= \ Ô^? =~=~ D Jq^H LY L`#
==`<~. =~ =~ ~OKK<~. " = =O=^ U~_ H} HO
== q^`Q D JqÔ^ =, ^+= "^#q H}O H#|_,
=~H}O Z@`<_ è=K@^. WÔ` H~H#\H Z^~Q
Ok. H ~=}OQ L#\H, x*xH J~~Ò-J#~Hi} H^! D
'Jq^ H 'O~O JO` U~_k = H~ =Ò H^. Wk XH JH +
= = Ok. D r=_ nxx QQ qiOK\xH uOz#\H, Wk
Ju "# \ ''Y= HQ*
\xH Z\H C _ O^ _ Òk. J#Q WO^
"tOz# r=_ ''U^ Oê. J@ Ok dOK^#QH J# = Z\HC_
# JQK<_.
^H# Y"# q+=? H^ H^! ''D Jq^ J#~Hi} Jx
*##"~ =#Oîh J<H~ Ki<~. ''<#~! D 'Jq^ J<
J#~=# WH_ zH` OÔ_ Jx J<H=Ok ^~= K= î =s
KCK<~. Hx, UO O? J<H=Ok [# J^Q< rq` Q_"<~.
P! ZO` zÒ! P Jq^ `# H#K Hx H} q=Q uH=#
F Lù H~}O G 591
$+Oz, îOz, =~ #tO*K#k! =}=~A XH QO@#~ HO Z<

O=`~= J#=O O^_H^! JÔ` Jq^H =". iO^_
XH ~u O_O_ O=`~= J#=O O^@O J\^.
Jq^ K`< 'qQ= J#q OK"iH Hk =O _ ^~~ " # n~H OQ
Ok. J>, U^< K=`~"# q+= #O^ ^ U~_#C_ n~HO
_ H} Q_zÒk. nx =OK`< = <#"i ^$+O^ H=
J<H qa#~=Q iOKK#k. Y=O` J=Q#, ^d` n~O Q#
XH iq` HO iOK@" Jq^ XH ''^$O`=.
N~=_ : g! D Jq^ WO`\ =~O k#"~ Z=~? Wk WO`
Q=`Q ZO^ =iOk?
N =+ =i : XH Qk nO "QKO_Q P == Hx<~. P
== J@ HtOK\xH H~}O Qkx P n"H^! Hx, P nO `#Q
''<# D D ==# K`#. g\x K#, Wk Q - Wk QH^ J#
H~ $` =#` OHeOz J@ "eyO^? ^. Qkx P ==# KK#k
=#O. JO`Qx, nO KO^? ^. J\Q P` H =HO =# JO`
KOk. P` H LxH B#`=# U=~z# D =# ^$=# Jn#"
KiOK> Jq^! J~`, K`#= H =HO D Jq^ iq`"# H~ $`=
=`" L#k. Jx\h QOKk, J#qOKk K`#"Hx, Jq^ H^. Jq^
Ò`"# J`" ^. Jk ^+ H JqH^$+x P~OKHx =`"
LO\Ok. J` " xk Z@ J#q O k? Z@ U^< x~i O k? XH ~OQzÒ
=ix JO^~ ''Wk Jx QiOK=K. JO`=ÒK` P =i XH
H =`$"`k ^~=h Hey LO@O^? ^.
Jq^ W`~O, WC_ J#`"# q+, ^~ ... W=h_,
''"# J@ < ~, Jx Q OKe. ^+ ^$"## H#y# O`
Jq^ LO@Ok.
J\ "# =O^=O^ P =~#Q i}q<~.
JO`Qx ''Jq^ J@ =iOk J#@O =O[OH^.
N~=_ : Ò_! D Jq^# *# Z\ î<~? "i ^$+ WÔ` Z@
Òk?
N =+ =i : F ~=! D Jq^ JO` XH '=<~[O Q He`"# PH$u
Hey HtOk. x``" #^xx HLOK = Jq^. WÔ` J<H
592
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
YQ qiOz H#|_=KQH! J~#\H, ~=~=# (At its highest meaning)
WÔ` 'xk =`" =! Wk J<H q^~"# P_O|~= Qey, JA#
=`" "@K#k. qA ~= QOz LO@<~ H#H, "~ U=Ò
"` H=@O^. XH #k h~ = LO@Ok H^. P h~ J#H}O
=OKK, J~"#\H, #n "~OQ 'x`= Q< H#|_` LO@Ok.
D Jq^ (H) O~O _ KOK"# PH$u Hey LO\Ok. Jq^ QOK|_O^,
WÔ` Un HO_< Òk. Wk `#HK H=h PHqOz, ~` iqOK
K#=@ x[". J~`, D Jq^ `# Q~=#O^ ~=`# îOK@K`< J@
PHqOz OKiOKK#^x QOK.
PHO q"# "= ~H~H PH~ îO\~ K"? JH_
`@, =$H= "^#q L#@ "= PH~=# K "=~K ^+ Jx
LO@Ok. D O~= _ J\^. Wk ""xH J~O. JO^H *#Q H=
nxx `~OQ=`#, H=<=x Ò`=`# LO\~. ''"=
WH_ Ja=$k KO^K<= Jx D [# KC <Ô ` = `H" . JqK~=K`<
D Jq^~H ^$^~= P~OO =^~OQ, z=iH JuOH~OQ
i}qOKK<~.
N~=_ : =s! Jq^K`< q[$Oa# D O~==~O Jq^ `y
~#C_ U=QK#k? Z@ =K#k?
N =+ =i : nO Pi~#C_, P n=#Oê *H PH~O U==Òk?
ZH_H Òk? Jq^ #tOz#C_ D ^$==~ #=O` '~ Ò J=Òk.
ôx KuH fH<=#H.... XH =^= LO@Ok. J^ ô "^[|_#C_?
'=^ H#|_^. x*xH, JÔ` H}=="H^! Jq^# ijeOz KK=,
JÔ` #=x è=Ok. PHO #=" H^! =i h~OQ`
H#|_\xH H~}"q\? ^+H = H^! J^qÔQ Jq^ JH~}OQ<
=H=QK#k. <HO^#"xH X_#=# K@ H^K#@ `KK LO\~.
O J<H ^~*=O` HxOk. JÔ` J"==, OHe`=,
q^ ~= H^! Hx P =O =Ò J*#^$+H JÔ` "===<
Ok. "= ~Q< =, P =x ^~= Z@ `<~?
J=h "=OQ LO> H^ Z>< =@O! J> Ou ~H"# D Jq^
q^~OQ< J*xH ^$+H Ok. Jq^K z`= H+`" # =~H} O#O_
D r=_ `# `< z~HOQ LO_Q ''n~ O~ = # HeOKH#K<_.
F Lù H~}O G 593
P` D Jq^K`< P=~}HO JQK#k. J\ `~}O D zÒ J<H

~H=# = L^~Oz #tOKK<~. =Ô `~OQ =@O, #tOK@O
[~QK#k H^! Hh, ["? ~^ ^`Ô. J\Q =H =OK`
`=, ~`== JQ |= JÔQ (x^xQ) qOK|_Òk.
J=<[=, JÒ` q^~= J~L# D [Q` ~=}OQ, ÒQ J#=O
J=Òk. WO`H< K=`~O UO LO@Ok?
'= HO^ LOK|_# ^# yO[ ZH_ PHO ZQ~K# HH
^$+x PHi LO\~ KK"? 'WOk q+= J# "<~"# Jq^
z`=# q"Ò K"Ok. H}O D r=# |O^= _Ôk. HO`
P#O^ L=# HeOK@O, WO`< ~=# q+iÒ K"@O D
Jq^ L# =~O =iOH ^xH LO_^. D Jq^ "H "^# WOk=
H~#\H, P H~H==# ~z,... Wk r=# Q_"iQ K"
QQÒk. XH |O_~~x L#`#$Ò K#@Q KK@ KOk. nx =O
K`< ''=\, t _ =`~"# q+Q K_|_`<~. ''WÔ` =^.
=H LO_e J# J~~`"# =#h $Ô "tOz D r=# ~OQ
OOK QQK<~.
O~_Q HxH Jun~"# ~u _ JOQ Òk. J\Q
'Jq^ H~}OQ n~"# HO _ 'H}H= = JQK#k, HkH} HO
Jun~O Q J#= =Òk. P! nx =~ O QiOz UO Ke? `#O^ '` =
J##^ H ~#\H, D Jq^ q[$OaOk. =~< f`" # ==~=O` #_ Ok.
H#H q"H=O`_ |k=O`_ J~#"_ `=K `# z`=#
q+=#O_ `~HOQ =~e. Z\Q<~, PÒ^ uHOKe.

N~=_ : P! =hO^! q^~O, JO, `KO, J== J~#\ D Jq^

[Q`# ZO`Q JO^H~O =Oz"Ok! ZO` P~O!
D Jq^ ~OQx, PH$uQx, #OQx ^. h Wk Ou
=x`"# K`#=? H< H^. Wk J` J~#\H 'JO` J<k O_
[#Oîx "~Ok.
H~"#\ *#OK` #tOk.
JO^H~ ~"# J*#OK` iOk.
J~~ ! Q_Q |H ~ O_ H# = Wk ZO` KOKOQ =iOk! H Hx
594
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
P~Oz J<H ^+~ H~}=QK#^! D Jq^ H=# (*#-"H=#,
*#-=K~=#) U=Ò OKHÒk.... ^Q~ ~xK@^. Jk
*##O H^! JO^K`, ''<# W\^xx J# s~*#O ^. `## P~#
r=x _ ~ *#~Ò K"Ok. ''^K~=, hK ==Q
=#A ZH_H_<~? Jx "uH"uH, J\ JA =Oy@"e, fiHQ "i`
H~O KOk. J<H q^=# ^Y=` _Hx, =$`", *#~`"
Wk D r=xH J<H [#~O~ H~}`=QK#k. H== H^=...
D ~O_ Jq^H ~O_ H. J*#O Z>@ qiOK #`# q^<
Z\HC_ Hx@K, OH~OQ XCK#k.
*<ÔK D Jq^ jOQ #tOKQ^. x[". OÔ ^.
Hx, J*#HO *<H=# JO^H~=O KOk H^! Uq qzÒ!
''F Jq"H=! WO`H h x"O ZH_? Jx "= q*#^$+` ijeOz#C_,
''WkQ! WH_! g J*# $^= < x"#O J# =^#O q#=Ok.
'[_Ò ^$ Z\HC_ tk`=< P~Ok.
`# HeyOKQ ^Y=K Jk Jun~OQ J#==Òk. ^x `=
qO@O> OH~"# ~HH cH~ x<^ Q~ =<~.
z=iH 'K`#= J# ~+xH ''UH`^#O J< HK Jq^
=Òk.
~+Oy - D Jq^# H= K=`~OQ ''~+Oy Jx _ KCK
LO\~. ZO^HO\~? Wk J<H H# K Q=# J#qOK< WK`
~+xO^ J#~H" LO\Ok. H|\, U r=_` 'P``` qK~} J< HÒ
=ê ^~OQ =_ J\ "xx D ~+Oy z= q"`x K 'J#~=
J< ~Q `# JO`~=# QxÒk. Wk `# P=~}=OK` D r=_
x|_ L#K@# JO^H~=O K"O^? W^=< Ou=O`=? H^.
J~<~, Wk =iOH U ==K`# <#O K|_*^. Uq nx Ò!
N~=_: F =s! D Jq^ HQ* ^+= JOÒ` O_ Òk.
[## =~}=, Lù <#= HQK#k _ nx =#< H^! Ò_!
''q+= J< =<Q$O '"# J< ~O L# D Jq^ #tOK^\?
D q+O `KO>< < "^#Q L#k.

F Lù H~}O G 595
12. =# ~"~_
N~=_ : H|\, =hO^! =O^ ZH_#OK qz`" # JO^` O =z_ Òk.
h`", P=~}~=# =iOk. J\ D JO^Ò #tOKk Z\?
N =+ =i : JO^H ~O L#C_
-L^Q-x* ^ =z g^_ K<~.
~_ L^~Oz# =~H}O kx JO^H~=O` \OKÒk H^!
~", ^~= (of the nature of awaremess) JQ P`#=" Jq^
=O^. P`=H#O K# O`=ÒK` ~ O~ qH~ `y`~. P`^~ #=
QiOz f"K L`#O H#O`HO "~=Q Jq^ LO_< LO@Ok. Jk
JÒ` ^YHO@HH", D r=x PO^#~< LO@Ok.
~=`# îOz# =~H}O D Jq^ #tOk.
N~=_ : g! J Jq^H =H~}O....?
N =+ =i : ''WK Jq^. JO`qOz Jk "~ Un H^. qQ`Ô` P
'WK H qH~=". JO^K`< P`^+Q *# ''<#~! WK<#"
"H= Jx =# k<~. J\ "H= '^$ JOHÒ K` kOk.
''<# K`#" ~=Q H"_# J# =# L^~OKQ<, "`~K pH\
H Qu=, H="<~"# Jq^=~} (The cloudy cover of ignorance) OQ
H~Ok. q"H= L^~OK#O`HO OH~O~ ~O D Jq^ LO_
f~Òk. #"#K ^$_"# |O^#=# îfOk.
N~=_ : =s! D ^$OK=O` Jq^`H=x, P`=#K #tOzQ^x
K<~H^! P`~= Z\^ WOH Hx q è*O_.
N =+ =i : F ~=! 'z`= H =# J#|_#^ ~"~_. =# D
Jq^` _Hx#C_ z`= x, i~= Q P`*# J#= =` _Hx
LO> ~f`~=Q 'Q=O`_ (*#=) Jx K|_Òk. ""xH D
=# J<k q+=iÒ, P=~} qH= #\k, ~"H=, ~=#
H~}= J~L#k.
D =# (H, z`=) `#H ^$`^`= `lOz#C_ ... WH, P,
Uk OÔQ +O^ Jk ''z`==.
D =# P`H} =h ` Q L#\H Wk z~HOQ PiOKHx#
^~=@ PH K`< iq``= "`=` _ ==iOk.
596
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
F t! ~=! |^=_ "^Hx XH Q_H =~ _ D [Q`
JO` ~^ P`~" J~ L#k. 'Jq^ J#|_k ""xH < ^. D
^$OK=O` _ ''x`= <~`= z^#~= JQ |"
=! J P` "~Q '=# J#|_ H# ^.
N~=_ : J^q\ g! = JOîH '=# J#|_k J#`=Òk H^?
N =+ =i : P` H =##= K =" =#. u ~H=Q
P q+=# îOK> z`=. ''=##= `= D ~O_
H~HO> "~#q H= H^! JO^K ''=# J#|_#^n h "~Q ^ Jx "=
KC K<O. =# O_#C_, =## P~OKHx# qQ` ==~=
=@ Uq\? <@H" 'H# J~#C_ <@HOx XH<H `H ~-
" QiOz 'H# Jx "~ K? D ^$=O` =## P~Oz
=`" L#k. H|\ `k`~ [Q` ==~O q+= _ J\^. ~=~=# D
=_ H=O^ Un L`#=Q@ ^ , #tOK@ ^ . WH D ^~= qH~=
JO\"? W=h ^+ H ^$+x J#iOz =`" L<~. JO^K` Wq `Q
`= H=.
D [QÒ` H== K`#" J~ L#k. K`#= ~^ Jkf", O
H" ~"H", <~`", q+=i`", ^" "eqiK#k.
D r=_ J#|_"_ K`#" ~=Q Hey<_.
F ~ "! P` x`", "H" , ^" , z<` ~" , ^Y~ `" , O`" ,
q", ~` UH~" "K#k. J\ `Q xiH~=Q P` `#H
''z`== # q~ÔQ P=~}H"# [_`=# QOk. iz#=Q
q+=# OHeOKK, "\" =~ =~ ~Q fOk. J\ =e#=`
_# 'qH}H < '=# Jx <~.
~", ~H=O`=, =`~= J~# D '=# J#|_ ^== K`<,
=Ôx `~OQQ, D J<H^~= H<H L`#O K|_Òk.
"=^$+` ije ''UH= Jkf= "H= O`= JQ ~=`
O^ D 'Jq^ J#|_k LO_@"q\? Z\ LO@Ok? Hx, OH" ~OQ
Hey, ~} =ÒQ Jk J^$+H J#==Òk.
'Jq^ J<k OH=Q< L`#=QK#k.
=~ OH|OK`< #tOz=K#k.
F Lù H~}O G 597
Jy* "= H LxH K`< HQK, =~ "=K`< #tOKK#k

H^! Wk _ JO`! Uk ^xK` L`#=QK#^ ^xK`< #tOK|_K LO@Ok.
''q+Qa+ ~=# QOKK# D Jq^ ^$_"# xk^` _#
~+`=K kOKQ ''JOH`=K #tOKQ^.
D =# ''<# J=Q ==# JO`Hx, <# |=# H# J#
^$_"# OH=# P~Oz |O^=# `z@O\Ok. =~ WO`< ''<`
D ~= P`~=Q |" J~L#k J# ^$_OH=K =Hx
O^K#k.
^$ OH" ''|O^=.
^$ JOH" ''=H.
F ~=KO^! ''<# |=# H# J# OH=# ''~= |"
(''~O YeÔ |) J# q~^ OH=# P~OK@K O^|_ *#|O`
[~Oz"e. J@ [~OK@ q[= kOz, P `~"` hH@ ` J> D
OK=# ==iOK.
`Q 'x^ JQ D Jq^ z^H=#O^ z`=Q L`#", KOK"#
= }= Hey#^, Jx" +"#= "Oz LO\Ok. Wk `# [##"# \
P`H=< iO KOk! J<H qH*=# HeOKH#K, J\ *=
O^ `#`< |Ok`~ J=Òk. ^~xH Jq^ #\H, HxOK@O
[~QÒk. |O^`=, K= J~# D Jq^ J*# `=H ^Y=
H~H H#KO@<~ Hx, Y= H~ H<H^. _ ''q<^= H~
Jx `z Jix P~Oz, `^~ J<H s~H =#H "^## Hx`z
@HO\_ KK"? D r=x q+= _ J\^. W`_ ''<# s~=`_#.
Ju ^~_#, ^d`_#, |^_ # , D K` H < ~=# O|OkOz#q,
g\K <# iq`_#..... Jx ^$_OQ q, `^#Q}OQ< ==i<_.
eÒ? |O^=#O^ `Q#K<_. ''<# ^d`_# H#. K`#" ~=Q
Hey#\ <# XH OKuH ^~=# Z\ J=`#? K`#= ~=#
HtO*Ok. J\ ^xH |O^ "H=q LO\~? < ^" ^. WH
|O^= Z=iH? Jx D r=_ ZO^ L`= =## P~OK~^ KC?
JC_ J`_ =H~ _ J=`_ H^! ''<# D =O=Qx, qHQx H<H#.
D ^=# qH}"#"_#. |kH Jf`"#\ z^" <# Jx x~OK
H#"_ Jq^~`_ JQK<_.
598
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
PH=h` ^~= : OK= Jq^^~=
F ~=! J@ PHOH K_. JH_ h hÒ H#|_Òk H^! ''J@
hOQ ZO^ H#|_Òk? WO`H JH_ L#^q\? J# qq^~ =#
=^< K|_K<~.
Q +H~ : '"~= J#|_ XH =~Ò L#k. JO^ D q,
D #H`=, =~`~kH= XH QO = L<~. P "~
~` tY~O 'h=} K HtOk. P tY~ ~OQ =# H#|_ D hÒ.
*u+ : ~=O_=# ^~OQ LO_@K U~_ JO^H~ HO` Jk.
"Ô` : P PHO J<H q^=Q QOK|_K#k. J<H H# K|_
K#k. J^ qÔQ J<``=Q D ^=, `k`~ ^~= "^#q,
Jq^ J*#= =OK` iiq^=# H< ^$+K QOK|_K#q.
PHO_ H<^$+H J@ HxOk.
N~=_ : =`! PHO =# Hx# P h`=# H~}O '' "~
~Ò Q h=} tY~O H HOu, JO^H~ HOu ... D ~O_ H=x <
JxOk. ZO^HO\~? ''"~~Ò Z]Q ~H=~OQ LO@Ok Jx ~}^+
(^gQ=`= "^#) ~} KCK<~. D H#|_ PHO "~~`=
H tY~QO J~LO>, Wk Z]Q LO_eQ? hOQ L#Ô? WH |O_=H
P=e (T~) QO '=~K LO@#@ ^ KCK<~. H#H ~#
^~OQ L#O`=ÒK` hOQ H#|_@ g^.
Q T~H"#\ ''`HO, ''`HO "^#q H=O`=#q H^!
=i PH=# hÒ Z\ =zOk?
N =+ =i : <<! ~=! D h`= #~=Q 'PH= H
Q}= H^.
"~~`tY~ HOu H^. ~HOu JO^H~=" xOKK#C_ J@
hOQ HxOk J<k _ H~}O H^. D ~O_ H~} h= x~HiOK@O
Lz`". =i P PH= U" L#k? P H#|_Ô` H=O #O. Jq^ =#
q^ ~=Q JÔ` J@ HxOk. PH=# <`^$ + i OKxK@ ''J^~ #=
(Failure to see) U~_Òk. J\ J^~#= ===K h`=Q ^$+H
QKiOKK#k. H#H PH=x h`=# J H~}O ''^+H ^$+

K=`~".
F Lù H~}O G 599
XH_ D q+=# W@ `H# `~"` =~ PHO hÒ

HxOz#\H ... ''D h`= PH= H Q}= H^ <^$+ H ==
q+"! ... J# |kx Hey LO\_ H^!
D 'Jq^ J< JO^H~O q+O _ J\^. WÔ` OH =ÒQ<
U~_Òk. *#^$+ ~_#C_, ''<K J#=O O^|_K# WÔ` OK
^~ =Qx, =^ ~ =Qx, s~^~ =Qx J~LO_^ . < << <H 'qH = `
_# |k K` WÔ` W@ îOK@O [~QÒk Jx +OQ Z~QQ=.

13. Jq^# `lOK^\?

D Jq^ q^~OQ< L^~Ok. nxx [~OKO> LO:
''OH=# `lOK@
''^=# JqOK@!
Jx qA KC K<~. ''Jk H+ ^ OH^? Jx JO\"" ? OHO K @O
HO` H~H"# = L#kHx, OHO KH=@O = Uq LO@Ok,
KC? H|\ Jq^# [~OK@ ^"#x H\ OKK<#. F ~"!
'q^ J~ L# D [Q^=# iQ qiOz"~. J#Q q^Q< îOK
J@ qiOz"Q U^` +OKK#^ J^ ''` ('That which exists absolutely by
itself) ~=Q P`K`#=. J\ ~=#O^ ~_" O_=. Wk
L`"`="# =~=.
XH_ `# O ''J=! D =$QO <H ^Òk. ## KOÒk.
WC_ <# KK#. ## "`<~ Jx J#=O O^`, n<#
K LO\_#H.... P ^MuH q"K#"q\? ''<# "<# J# J#=O
K` O U~_# ^Y=# ~ê"=K H^! "= ~Q< P ^+
Y=< O^K<_. D =# _ J<H ^+OH=K =~ =~
J`=# O^Òk. *#~=Q L`= OH=K Wk ''| H*#=" #
~Q f#k.
F ~=! D Jq^ ZC_ Z@ L^~O^ K`#, q#.
D PÒ^ ''<# J_#, MO__# J##\ OH=K H} HO 'J<k
Q Jq^ L^~OKK#k. #~= H}H= J~# JOMH"# OH=
600
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
~OOk JO`~OQO Z\HC_ OK~O K<~. "\ ~H H#
H`|kK Q=xOKe. h ~= #O_ "\x "~ ~Ke. "\` U~_
''`^`=# x~kOKe. "^, ''WÔ` H<=`" H^! <# K_#.
x`_#. ~OH= =#-=O^ g\H "~ LO_<# J# =#K,
^$+x qÒ, ^$_O Ke. JC_ OH= `=O`@`" KkOK|_`~.
OH= " iOKK# ^$+ Lq LO>, WH D [Q` H "=
J"== è`<~.
^~=x\x L`#= Kk, r=Oîx "`# Kk, x~O`~
^~~"# Oz`= kOKk J~# D Jq^ ''P`^~# =OK` q`
O^K#k. Oz`=# `lOk. J#Q 'q^ Q ~k^HO\Ok. Jiz#
"# P`~= Oz#C_ WH 'Jq^ U=QK#^ _ KO.
N~=_ : Ò_! =i D WOk= =>q\?
N =+ =i : ~AQi P[# =O` \ LO\~ KK"? =# ^x<`
zOu LO@O^ J^xx D WOk=$` "O@"O@< kOK LO\~.
ZC_` D =# ''JO | (<# |#) J# =#O^ x=Q"
LO@O^, JC_ =# q+= zOuOK@^ H|\, WOk= _
~= Ou< O^`~. ~ ` PÒ^~ #O LH~ } Q Jq ~k^ O\~.
F ~"! U [Q`` $+H ~O^, Jk WC_ _ x^ JQK#k. WH
D [Q` ~=# OKK#Ô` Uq\? WÔ` O`=, ~"`== JQ
|" J~L#^x QOK. |=# "~#Ô@, zOuO`y#^n ZK\,
ZC_ Z=iH aOK@^ . U=Ò^ . D ~ = J<k J#O`= xiH~=
JQ |=#O^ u Hey#k. J\ =## P~Oz#"_" h= |=#O^
u HeyO_=. JO^Q#, ^K q=~OQ K|_# qK~}# QOK.
L`= |kK ~+ `=# P~OK. ''q+ Q ~=Q =## h
z`= #O_ ==Q `yOz"~.
<<! ~=! ZO^H, ="= r=xO^ L^~OKK#k. Jk
J<H P=` _Hx LO@#k. Jk ''"~H= =~}= "^# J<H
qH~=, JO`x J*# ~O~ `= JQK#k. J\ ="=O`
"<q[$O}= =`". ''< `, < ^#=, < ^=, < Q$=, <
=, < ~*=, < ~ u+.... "^# =`H"# WO^*=O`
"#K`< Ok. "=K [O `~OQ HeOK|_#@ #==Q
F Lù H~}O G 601
D ^=#O^ "#K`< ''JO== J##k He`=QK#k.

D r=x ''^$+ .... D ^$= H ''$+
F `` *! ~= ~= # '<# <k J##^n ^ . ZO^HO\"? P``` =#
J#"#Ô@ ZH_ Un `" aOK@ ^ H^!
XH K=`~"# q+O KCK<#, q#:
D ~O_ XH HO Oq<~. J#Q, ^$+K`< $+U~_Òk. J^`
K~O L# ''^$+ $+ <O (H) "^= H JO`~~O W^.
Jq^, "~ ~=# Ok#@#^, J<H qz`=# PH~=# î OKK
=~ =~ =iOKK#k. ^ H ==K iz#" H#|_K# D Jq^
J*#= K`< L^~O^x J#H<= H^! XH_ XH Hh_Q Ô XH
`_# Kz ''J=! WH_ ^= "eH uiy_ L#k Jx Q=HH
_`<_#H. WC_ J`xO^ U~_# `_#O^ ''= O|OkOz#
|k = L#k. =i ^\? 'Z~H H *#= K`< H^! D Jq^ _
Z~H (H) '*#= K` #tOKQ^. J\ Jq^<#= XHiQ Hx, H
H=H=OQ Hx [~Q=K. ^xH ''Wk W\Q [~Qe J# x==O@ Un
^. ''H^....U^ x== L#> L#k Jx h JxO^? J@ Jq^
`Q@ U^ H== L#^x JxOK@O _ Jq^ H =O K`<.
''P! JC_ ZH_? "= *#= HQ=? =# `yOKQ=? ^.
Jk Z\H, Z#\H ^_eO^. W\H =Ò Wk WO`.... J##Ô`
J*#=O K`< J@ JxOk.
D 'PH=<#^Q$= "^# ~= L# Jq^ JO`
J*x ^$+< L^~Ok Hx, *x ^$+O^ H^.
N ~=_ : =s! *x nx#O` K U=x J#HO@<_?
N =+ =i : *x, ''D H#|_K# ~~=O^ L#k |". |"
`#H ==uOK` D qÔQ u+`"#k. |= H ==
HxÔ@ WH_ Un < ^ Jx QOKK<_. J`xH ''qH~ ~`=Q
~=~ ^$+ =`" Jx " xs`" LO\Ok. WH D ~A ~ O`
(`_# Kz '= J#H=_O), D uH^$+ W=h_ J*x K`,
J*# q<= H~ HeOK|_, J#qOK|_K<~.

602
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
14. ^dOK_"O^?
N =+ =i : F ~=! h= U=Ò J*xq H=^. *x" H"e. J*#`=Q
D ^= "^# "\O^ P` == Hey LO_=#<=#k? h= J
ZO^ J*x= ^d<" KC? D Y^Y ==~= x# q=}
K _" q\? "\ K` h= ~l`_= H=@"q\? J\ Y^Y= H~}=Q
D [_Ô h HH_#k? ''Hu@ O_x Q=xOK.
Hu@ = H He L#O` =ÒK` Jq ~O_ XH> J=`?

O_ =q_= L<#H. JC_ O_ XH> J=`?
D ^ =, P` _ XH^x` =~H\ Z#_ O|OÔ O_< LO@<~.
'Hequu ÔK|_#O` =Ò K` JOê "= ÔK|_Ò^? ^
H^! P` s~=K @#k H^. s~O zH L#k H^. s~O` #tOKk _
H^. h= P` ~_=. JO`Qx, ''[_= `K= JQ s~~_=H^.
~O_ q^=# ''=<c[= :
1) ''<# `Q ^dx : J~`, P ==, u Q` aOz#C_
<# 'd x JQK<#
2) ''<# `Q 'd x : P ==, u Q` ==O\~, `
LO\~. J~< _ < ux Y ~=Q< LOKHQ#!
"^\ k `lOKe. ~O_=^xx P~OKe.
F #~~! ~=! Lu+! WH ''<# `Q ^dx. Hh q+ Y=
O^K#C_ =`" dx ... J##\ H=iO` H\ @. ''Wk W> LO_e?
Jk J@ L#Ô? g~ < "~. g~ dOKe. "~ "~#"~. "iH P ^<^
ZO^ HQe? ..... W\ JOMH"# = ZO^ HQK<~? Ou
K`< HQK<~. W=h =$Q`$+ [aO^== q^#x `Hx
`lOz"~. h=O\"~ `=< P~OKe Qx J`=# P~OK@"q\?
^dOK@"q\? J<H=Ok J`=# P~ ''<# ^d`_#, _#,
F Lù H~}O G 603
s~=`_#. WH D x== WO`, < Qu JO`! Jx #xHH Q=HH

@@O "= qO@<=. F [#~! g~O` P`~. WO^ U=Ò
OÔ ^. WH ^d` H=# x=#k KO_? ''~^ `",
J#O`", q^", ~=# JO`~q J~ L# P`< <# J# =##
P~OKO_. JO`Qx, D s~=H ^~=# g PkOKHx qOK=x,
^dOK=x g Z=~ K~? g H ''= =`" J~ L# D
WOk=` `^`=KOk, x~}OQ JÒ ZO^ P~OKe?
P! Uq P~O! `=Q |=# =~z D [# Q J`=Q
''Jq^< ZC_ iOKK<~? F ~=! P`# qiO*Q D Jq^
K@ W=_^! J\ K@ WK"... WH h z`= H+`" f~Òk. eÒ?
^Y ~O ~ =z x# q=} K ~_` ~. h= "\x [~OK=Ok~,
J" x# PHqOz"~. D Jq^ :
- q^~OQ J<H ^~=# Z^~Q LOz KÒk.
- OH=ÒK` | qÒ O^Òk.
- z=~ J*#" ~=QQ J<H =# `z _Òk.
J=$``=, OH=O`= J~ L# h H ` x` ~=Q
P`# =~Q ~z , x# ^d`xQ K # k D Jq^ =! D [# K # ^q\?
"^ Lx+`K ukOK|_K, |+K J<H L=^~ Q~ K|_
K# ~=Q P` H =K~=# *#=# u~i<~. eÒQ
D r=_ J<H ^"# J#==# O^K<_. Jq^=O K`<,
~=~=# Z_i= QOKK<_. T^x~}O (QO^~ [#), #~H=,
~= W@=O\ Y, ^Y ^=# qz` = OQ< J*#
H~}OQ D r=# J#==`<~.
Jq^ H#H z`=#O^ OiH"# xOO_H` ... WH D *Q`
q== P`# HaOKQeQ"? ^. q^~=Q 'J*<a=$k K`<
D r=_ `# *Q` =O^ OH~ ^$=# xiOKx, ''J! ##
Z=~ H_`~H^? Jx ~k<_. 'Jq^ J# J`# Ok# D z`=
H}O 'q O~Q~ ~"#\ '=#, P = JO`~`" LO@# J<H
J#~= # `#O^ QOKK#k. z`= ~QQ" # C_ WH J\ r=_ ~*k` O
Ok` =Ò "q LO@Ok? J`_ x~^ _ JQ"#\ ^Y=
J#q< LO\_.
604
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
H|\ ~"! D OKO |O^`", ~Q=", Jq^=" =i#
"# i #O_ x# h= ~HOKH. ~Q~`_" K"# \ H== "QO^.
XH ^~}= uaOa# P ^~*=@ P ^~}=# U^< PH
LO@O^? LO_^ H^! J\Q hK x~iOK|_ P H~=O^ h =<^~ }=#
Z\ PH~Q= LO_O_#QH!
x~u#O^~=Q |=# Ziy# ``"` D q x~_O|~=Q
OKi L<~. "ix gOK. "i` O~= HeyO_. "~ kOK#k
H*#"~Q~HOQ QOK. =~ =~ qK~} K~. |=##
^$_~KH! J\ ^$_ x=K aOK. =`=, j= ~^ P~Oz
LO_. PH ~`_" L`= q"H|k` _ ^ ==i LO_.
=Q s~Ô^, D ^$==O^ '==`=# =ke"~.
JC_ Jq^[x`=# D [##, =~}k qH~= K~*#\ u Ok
LO_Q=. x`=_" LO\=.
F ~=KO^! XH L`= `=# H\ <#.
''P` Hu Hey L<", WH h` i~|^ _ \~~.

15. H~ H
J=$``=Q =+ Q"#x "H= qx ~=KO^_ qH`"# JO`
H~}_ J_. Q Jx~Kh"# qHO(Splendour)K aOK_. W@ eH_.
N~=_ : P! Uq P~O! ''XH ~_ _Q ^~= ~ L#`"# XH
HO_# |OkOz#k J##k ZO` ^" , WÔ` _ JO` = ÔQ
L#^! ''` Q U=Ò x^ J~#\H D Jq^ JOîx `# =O K HO@#k
H^! ZH_ P`? ZH_ Jq^? XH Q_Q PH=# H"#@ D Jq^ ...
~ ~=, ^ Hf`= ...J~# P`# =~Q# _" Ok. `$}",
LO_ _, =[" =iOk. ^x =OK` 'JÒ` q^ J~#k _
'ZO` `= Jx JxOk.
=`! D '= H ~"q\ =iHO` QOKx L#k. JO^K`
nx QiOz WOH Hx q=~ KO_. WO`=O^ =}=~A H
J#== QiOz KCK<~ H^! L`=*x, Qe Jx JOîK HiOK|_
F Lù H~}O G 605
P KH=iH J\ J#=O ZO^ OqOzOk? <H q+O WOH OO

^.
=~H q+O. = H= ~~O _# D ^= PÒ^
=YOQ J H~# J#qOKk Uk? ^=? P`? =} =~A
H P "OK# P SO^*e_ Z=_? ZO^, ZH_ #O_ =K_? =~
ZH_H "_? P g~ _ L<#x J<~ H^! WÔ` Q=xOK LO\~.
N =+ =i : =O^Q D ''s~= PÒ^ J#== HiOKK#
qQO QiOz Hx q KCK<#, q#.
H, Q_= D ^= [_"#k =`". O H#|_ ==# P
'^+ J@ HeOKHx îOKK<_ H^! z`" WÔ` W@ HeOKH#
K#k. J~`, D z`= `#O`@ `< =iO^? ^. Jk OHO H^.
D z`= K`#=K`< HtÒ JQK#k.
J~` Wk z^x (Refractive Awareness Reflective part of Atman) ` SH=
O^K#^ LO@#k. eÒQ OK=# H $à=#O H^QK#k. '"#~
OK~= = Ju KOK"# D z`" '<# r=_ J# =# Lù #O
JQK#k. z`" J<H ~H=# ^=# îOk H|\, ''r=x ^= D
z`" Jx J#@O _ Lz`". W^ H~ H. ""xH z`" r=_. JO`Hx,
D uHÔ r=_H^.
J#OÒQ HxOK D Y^Y=h J*x H z`=#O^ U~_K<~
Hx, *xO^ H^.
[_ ^ # ^M~! ^v '^ JqK~` I
JqK~<7*<`! J*#" ^YH~}" II
''Y^Y= s~=# O|OkOz# ^~= Jx J#\xH g^.
ZO^HO> D s~= [_"#k H^! s~O Y=#Qx, ^Y=#Qx O^*^.
WH ^~=Q P`H... Y^M^ LO_*=.
=i D Y^M J#q#k Z=~?
J*xH =# J<H O[K He`=# =# Hey LO\Ok. z`
qz`=# =$Ò^ `Q#K, qz`"# PH$`# O^Òk. K=`~O
KK"? D =# `# |Ô H#O`=~ W> xk LO@Ok. *# q+"
J*Q` =Oz LO\Ok. u= J*#=# L#^ JqK~}# P~Ok.
606
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
''`=#= (Existence Absolute) # =~z ^M^# O^Òk. JkH=Q
J*#=K`< ''JqK~= {Non-Enquiry} J<k L`#=Òk.
H|\ J*#" ~^Y= H~}O
@~Q `# xiOKHx# Q\ `< zO@Ok KK"? D r=_
`#H Jq"H= K`< = # JQK<_. `# PH H P_O|~"
`# ^Y ==~=Q i}qOKK#k. J~`, ZO`HO Q_z~#\H, P
q+O J`_ QOK@^. 'J*# xa_O^H~= zHx ^_K# D
=# J<H =$`# HeyO_, qq^ PH~=# O^K, XH ^ KHO i
qOk...., L`#=QK#k...., ^dOKK#k...., =kOKK#k..., lOK
K#k..., OKiOKK#k..., q[$OaOKK#k..., xOkOKK#k. nx K` JO`
LO_@ ^. W=h K#k =# Hx, [_s~O H^. =# `# `~"#H LO_,
D s~=# =iOKOk. O> s~" OQ D # KQ^?
WO\x = ==~= x~i#k W Qx, W, WO\x == H^
H^! J> D s~=#O^ =# =iOk.
~ Y^Y=O^, ~q^ H#O^ =# H~, =# H. Wx
=@O^? ''=# =#=_ Qx, D s~= =#=_ H^.
~+ Y^M+ ~ H< K I
=# H~ $ =< H $ =#O qk=#=" II
|^"# =# P H~H== OOkOz# Hq+=#
x~i#\H, "\ @ 'PH J# = Hey O_^. 'P``` = # QOz#^
O`=#, =#=# J#q '' H~=#
J#q#k =# Jx Q=.
iO^x =O=x "_# =} =~A P ="=# Hk~A
HO^@ XH ~A XO@iQ "oH =^ X_ K~_. XH UHO` Ô
WH u< M#_<_. ''P! < `=_ iO^_ ~[QO
K_ H^! <# _ P QO K ZO` QO@Ok! Hx, ~[QO
K O> Q [=y OkOKe. Q `\ ~A#,"i [# OOK@O,
kOK@O =O\ ^+ ==~ _ K==Ok. =O` Ò`=`, =
F Lù H~}O G 607
` _Hx# J\ Q= Z\ K@O? Jx zOKQ_. WO`

J`x =+ O XH =`~"# PK# "~Ok.
`` AQ = ''U HQx, J#==#Qx H~}O =#.
JO` Qx, D [_s ~O H^ '' Jx K @O q<# H^! JO^K` ~[Q=#
WC_, WH_ =#H=Q K^#QH!
W@ x~~ OKHx, J\H C _ JH_ '=#H [O ~OaOK_. =#`<
[=y#O` =~H<_. nH =OK_. =#` |u#
PxOK_. =O^Q +# =##, ^=`#, OH+=` lOK_.
q ^~ Jyx [eO*_. ["\H=Ô =#H [ H~H=O
~OaOK_. J@ XH O=`~HO P *q^h x~iOK|_~. J`_
`# ~= }, ^ ^H}Q Wz "_. =<He`Q |u
''[i= Ou eH# `~"` J`_ =#H [O #O_ "x
^$+H =K_. O`+=#_, ''<# ~[Q= K# H^! J# `$x
O^_. J^x P e`=# J`_ O^=#k H^! K# H~ H
P [#= =z f~`~.
F ~"! Y^Y=x\H D =# H~}=x J#<O H^! J\ =#
H z`=# ''qK~}(Enquiry as to its real nature)K xQOKe =! H=OQ D
z`=# 'q`= `=O`= J~# == H g` O^@@ Ke.
=# HH. H~H~}=H _ J^.
U H O^` =# #K, x~iOK|_Ò^, Jk =`" Y^
Mk ~=# i}qOz ^HO JQK#k.
^+ H uaO|" D ^$=O`\ "Oz#k. ^$=-^$=Q
uaOaOK ^+H ~``=# 'z^_ Jx <~.
J#Q ''z` ~_=Q h" h K` îOK|_K, J#q OK|_K# ^xO^
iOzO_, 'x# h" J@ QOKK<= J##^ "Ô` ~O. KK"x`
~= z`H H ~}". W@ =# H Q= _ JQK#k.
H~ $` H $` =# =H ~=. P` ~^ x~O. JOQ=.
J"=. W@ '```" H ùH~O J^!
'^= P` H~# J#qOK^k?
D h =~ =^#O KCK<#. q#. ~H~ H~ $`=Qx,
J#==Qx W@ ^=# O|OkOz#q H=.
608
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
J@ x+=Q P` O|OkOz#q _ H=.
'= }=, 'Y= ^Y=, 'H~ H~ = W=h z`=#
O|OkOz#q =`".
F a~! ZC_` D =# ^H== JO^*#\ 'P``` =
# J=OaO^, JO^ u+`=Ò^, JC_ Wk 'i~`= # O^Òk.
J\ HO_, iz#=Q D ^^#, D ^$=# P~OzO^ ... WH
eÒ J`=, ^Y=, JQ=`". H#H, g~O` XH q+O QOKO_. ''D
^" <# J# == Z=~ HeyO\~, J\"xH Qx, H "i =# D
OK=# Qx L`= [#O aOK@^x =#q K<#. "i ^Y=
`Q^\?
q" - HO^~ L`= "Ô`= uk# G=# `~z `~z
qKi<~. PK~# (qA#) gOz =H qK~} K<~. J\ q"
|^"# `= z`=#O^, ''Ju`~ #tOK D ^= <# H#. ~#O^
H~=Q |" << L<#... J# ^$_xO Hey LO@<~. J\
|H~ =$u Hey, J=O K` ^$_OQ LO_ r=xH ^Y=O` iQ #tOK
K#k. ~_ L^~OKQ< H== qKH#K#@, J\"_ JO`\ x
`#O^, JO`\ O^ `## QOKK<_.
N~=_ : g =K#O =`~ `=# ukOk. g! g~ =} =~A
H =#HQO QiOz qOK~. J~` J\ =#H~[ QO
eÒQ< =}=~A SO^*exK HeOK|_# qq^ H<==Q =
*O O^_O\~? 'Jk ~[ Q e`" J#\xH =}O Uq\?
N =+ =i : P SO^*e_ "tOK =O <# JK\< L<#.
JH_ [~QK#Ô` `HOQ J=HOKK<#. WO^*=O` ="#
`~"` SO^*e_ JO`~#"<_ H^! JC_ =}=~A < " Kz
W@ eH_.
=} =~A : Ò_! =+ =s! D z`=O` Uq\?
JC_ <# Q|O` JO` ijeOz, J@ `~"` W@ K#-
<# (N =+ =i) : F =}=~*! g~ k ~A HÒ XH =^ X_#
WH u< ~x =#HOQ ~[QO K<~. Q~#^? ''~[

''~`=`#O ~`x K`x - N=^Q=n` (VI.29)
F Lù H~}O G 609
= x~iOz#"~ O_O_ O=`~= qq^ P^# J#q~. P

^Y=# P 12 U J#qOK==Ok J<k Gx~O. P ^Y=#
HQ* \xH WO^_ ^~ x~}~O ^=^`# SO^*ex ~O OOK_.
N =} =~A : g! J\ J~` <# KO_xQ J~=k O=`~=
rqOz# J#=OO^<? ZO^K`?
<# : F J^! ^xH H~}O q#. s~H [= HO> =#H [=# S^ ~@
JkH = LO@Ok. P x~O H~" h 512 60 O=`~ Pk "^`
_# ^~~ rq`#=O HeyOk.
N =} =~A : =i SO^*ex ~O =z# ^=^` Z@ "~?
<# : F! P<! P# `# xqOK|_# H~=# <"i, P `~"`
^K qOK|_K PH=~O uiy ^=HO K~~.

16. ^# [#O
N =+ =i : <<! ~=KO^! WÔ` < `HOQ< [iyOk. WO^
h= OÔK=#Ô@ Ug ^.
D ~ qH}=Q H H~, H _ =#. JO^K` D =##
k KH"e. JO^H~Q# }==, `~=, ^~}= "^Q
~Q H HOK= P~OK. qk, x==, ~[Q=` _#
= #O_ L`= J=Q#` _# nH J=_Òk. J@ =# `
UHQ` <i, J@ xiH=kO^ ^xx O Ke. P"~ÒQ H
k` Q qK~}# x~iOK@O LzÒ.
D z`" r=Oîx "~# Jq^. J\ Jq^ qz`"# WO^*
~K#Q D [Q`#O` L`#O KOk. '=$H= J#C_, 'K@ J#C_, ....
D ~O_ zOKk XH^x< H^! J^ qÔQ, D 'Jq^, 'r=_,
'z`=, '|k, '=# "^# |= ""~O ^"g ^. Wk QOz
h= =O^Q h z`=# OH~Ò K~. ''z` x~`= J< ~_
L^~OK_.... WH JC_ K@ KH# J*<O^H~=O` =Q =
Òk. 'pH\ JO> Uq\? '"Q H=@ Jx H^! J> 'Jq^ H 'J*#=
JO> *#= JO~" LO_@. '~= QiOz# Z~H U=~K>K`<
D r= [Q` J#|_^xx, JOê UH<H`=# QOKK<~.
610
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
~+} *`=`}= ` $u
q^Q}" H~=" I Q~" J#Q#=" II
``~O K~^. z#\ #O_ Q~=# gOK@O, ` ==H
uOK@O Ke.
''D HH ==~= =^ L#O`HO <# *#O H~ uOK@O Z
Ô? ...Jx qOKO_^= QH! z`= ~OKQ, Jq^ qOKQ, JC_
h O^ 'Jq^ =$u =`" #tOk. J#Q D ^$=#, WOê O@##
J~O KH< su =Ò "~Q LO@Ok.
"= ~Oz` PHO Hk U"< LO@O^? ^ H^!
^$=# O|OkOz# =$` =" z`= H ~=. z`= ~Oz#C_
_, z`~_, P`H ~_ JQ D ^+ J> LO_LO@<_. x`` " #
'P`^$+ H~=_@K`< 'Jq^ J<k LO\Ok.
N~=_ : Jq^H~= J~ L# Jq"H=#, H, D O~#==#
H~}O z`"#O\~, =hO^?
N =+ =i : H^. P z`=x J*#=$` H~}O. ''D z`= < O^
`Q@ ^? Jx h= kQ _=# J=~O ^. J*# =$u `y`, WH
+OKk i^=Q ''P``` "! JC_ P ^z`= P`< JO`\, ~^
QOKK#k.
yO|_ ^~ *= LxH (H) J#==# _ J*#" H~}O.
<<! ~"! '~`H= Jx ZQu K@|_K# '`^~#= J##^
Jx ^+= B+^"#k. P`=O`= Hx^n J#=^" O*^.
U^ ^ ` P` " ~ Q H i OK | _ K #^... J^ O ` =~H = O
`lOK|_=K#^x QOK. ''Pf=Hxk, ~H=Hxk JO@ ZH_
Un ^ . ZC_` '`^~ #= U~_K#^ J\H C _ JO`_ Jx " O^
~~=Q 'P` J~ "QO^K#k. W^ `=, ~=~u _.
=\` `~K# J<H <=~=Q == XHK@ L<#H....
"\#x\h [O "#C_ UH" J=`~H^! D ^$ OK=, WOê
~r=, D ^$*#=... WÔ` _ P`*#=OK` ''|H~= <
O^`~. JO^K` h= |H^$+< ~_~KH.

F Lù H~}O G 611
17. |#=O O^^\?

N~=_ : =s! ''~ = | ` Jx g~ g "H=K uk< ~.
''=# #t Y^Y=h #t~ Jx _ g~ qK~. Ju KOK"#
'K=$u Hey# D =#_ '|` #O\~? Jk Z\?
=# q P`#=O +O^x J<~. =# #tOK^\Q =iHO`
q+}` q=iOKO_.
N =+ =i : F ~~=! h =<<#=# LO K`#. q#. <#
K=K# LO Q D #Y= JQK# WOk=$`g
LO_*#\ '^|= #O^ h= h =## *~QQ`=.
D |O_=# uH ~[ `= ^=K =_ q^=Q r=
|^=x =# $+O K|_K<~. D Q}= QiOz HO` K <#. =iHO`
=O^ =O^ =#O KiOKH`<O _!
[=#O^ `~O Q= K #@, =+ Lk~ =Q =# '=##= ~=#
PÒ^ Jx~KhK=`~OQ H\ `=Òk. J\ ^= =## ="
'=+ ~=, '~}Q~= 'K`~Y | "^# <=~=K îOK
|_Òk, JiOK|_Òk.
J\ '$ k Oê =# ''<# K`~Y_Q |# JQ^#Q! =+
$+x îOK^#QH Jx OHeOk. J#Q, `Q K`#" ~=Q Q
D r=_ ''~}Q~ _ , H, =+ $+x OHeOK"_... Jx =|_ ==#
P~Oz, $+ ==~=# <Ok K<_.
K`#" W@ HjH=QK#k, J\ Hj`" '=#.
=<|kz`JOH~ ~_, =+ =## ~_ JQ D r=_
ÒH_. J#Q, J`_ `# Uk `=x qOz OHe_, J^ `"
i_qÒk. JO^K`, r=_ D =H=# H# X#~K<_. J`_ `#
''=+ =# #O^ D [##=~}=` _# O~=# HeOKH#K<_.
WÔ` Y^Y~", O~}j" #k J`x H H< =OK`<.
` (Existence Absolute) q+`= (The State of "I exist")
z` (Knowledge Absolute) |`= (The State of 'I experience')
J`_ ''H= iqu Hey# k#=` Q_# `# P=#O^
612
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
P^= J#"#\ ^= J~ =#k qq^ r=# $+OK
K<_. J@ KHO LO_, P `~ "` `#H =H~}=Q q+ Q " #xO^
b#=QK<_. =OK aO^= ~`[=#O^ b#=QK#@ Wk [~QK#k.
=~ $+H=# q+Q"#x <aH== #O_ Ja=H= JQK<_. JC_
=~ '~H $+ OH= L^~OKQ, P =+ =#K $+ X#~@
WKyOKK<_. J#Q ` #O^ z` H\ `=QK#k.
JC_ =~ K`~Y ~= îOz D [Q^K# H#yOKK<_. HO`
=# =~ O JQK<_. J<H~ W@ $+ H# X#~K, XH<HC_ `#
JkH~ =H Q<, k^~O`=# (~O_= ^~= J#=# `lOK|_#C_)
~=Q Oux O^K<_.
> > >
>
>
>
>
>
K` # = '` J`= 'z` =+`= =+r =_
>
(q+ Q " #_) (~}Q~_)

>
=#
The Nature of
>
>
becoming many
>
>
=#
>
>
> > >
(D K`~Y" *Q`+`s=Q _ K|_Ok.)

D qÔ Q D |O_=#O^, `k`~ |O_=O^ J<H [Q` L`#=
L<~. WC_ L`#O J=K<~. WOH# =O^=O^ JO`~` " # XHH
~=}= #O^ WOH Z< JOMH=Q [Q` L<~. W\ q+}=
Q ~=Ò^ <Hx# =+ =##O^ D =+ r=_ u Hey<_.
D =+ r=_ U qÔQ u Hey LO@<_? Z@ =_`<_?... D
q+" "^=K#"q\ KCK<#. q#.
HO, L^h #t<~. r=O^~ J"H$`= (Unmanifested
state) #O^ b#", JC_ =#= J#"f`= O~=` +OKK<~.
J@ +Oz# =#H#O_ =~ $+ ~O=QK#k. JC_ :

J"H$`= #O_ |`<`H=Q PHH H\ `=QK#k.
PHH #O_ H`H=Q "H @=Òk.
F Lù H~}O G 613
JOê "`=# J#iOz HOz` K#Q=Q ~=# '=# #

Ok '^$_OH`= J#^xx Hey LO\Ok. J\ =# `# Z^~Q L#
~~QO^`H=Q '`<` H J#== (The experience) O^K#k.
Lù H==K Jk 'JOpH$` `= Jx JO@<~. ZO^HO> =##"
~=QQ D '=# J#|_k |~~~QO^= O^# Hey
LO@#\H, Jk P OK`<` Jf`", "\H H~}" _ LO\Ok.
P JOpH$`" JO`H~}^ (=#|kz`=JOH~=...J#Q...
=##= x~= W+= ^=) O^K#k. J@ H=OQ =$k KO^K,
P `~"`, Jk 'OpH$` OK` H$u J~# PH " Jy [
$kq ~=# H# X#~K#k.
=+`= - J\ H# Hey# =# =OK =~= ^~ B+Ô^
"tOz J# ~=# O^K#k. JC_ J#= ~+K HOK|_#^,
g~~=# Q~O "tOz H=OQ 'O_`= # O^K#k. J@ Q~=
#O_ [xOz# P t= ~QK, J#==#O_ J=Q#, J=Q##O_
J#== OOkOKH#K<_. J`x 'J=Q## P~Oz# P Ji
= # J#iOz XH^x"#H =~H\ J<H L^ =z`<~. Z\
HC_, P r=_ 'Wk=`" <#, WO`=`" JO`... J# iq`=#K, `#
~=# `<, x|OkOKH#K<_.
N~=_ : =`! D r=# J<H Y ^Y=, [# =$`= =<~,
`<~. W`xH '^Yx=$u Q#=K@ ^. nxH JO`H_?
N =+ =i : x=$u ZO^ ^? `H L#k. J@ [# O^K# D
r=_, J`x JkH H$`= (Good deeds) |OK` XH<HC_ H~*#=
`y#"_QK<_. L`= H~*#=# P~OK@ `y# L^ D
=#=[# ZO` H+Oz Ok#O^Q#, =#O_ q"Hx OOkOKH"e.
''` =J` =, x`=Jx`=, ^ =^ "^# Ô^=# qQOK
ijeOKe. `` "`Q Q~=# P~OKe. J@ P~ LO_Q P r=x
O^ _ hQ< H=OQ ''^#K`+Ou J# K=` $u L^~Ok.
J\ ^#=K H=OQ i^z`_QK, J`_ ''D O~= J#~`"#^
H^! nxx [~OKe, `lOKe ... Jx QOz "H=# J~_ LO@<_. P
qK~} "~ Q^K ''< [# =$`= Qx, ^$^Qx =. ~" ` $+" #
*``=< <# J# [#~`~=Q J=Q# K~K<_. ''i^=,
614
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
~=# JO`~g, H~} H~}=, ~= J~# P`< <# J< *#O ^$_
_# `~"` J`_ #O^=_ JQK<_. WH JC_ ''<# XH H@H=#
JQ^#QH! =#=xQ JQ^#QH! ^=`# JQ^#Q! Jx qOK@ [~Q^.
D r=xO^ Z\ =# ~" LO@O^, J\ =# H PH H
PH J#Q}OQ D r=_ ~^ J> JQK<_.
H#H ~=! |~#=O OÔ> ~^= `lOKe. ''~=#
Jk#", Uq HH L#\ |" < "= ~O J^ ~^ < =O
_ Jx =##O Ke. J@ ZO^ =##O K~^ KC? J\ =## =OK
W`_ |=Q< +OKK, D ~=# |=Q< îOKK<_.
`Q}=# P~# q"H L`= [#O^ u O^K, H=OQ '"H=
J# =# O^K<_. *#=K z`= HtOz#C_ `Q} =x`"#
O~O ~k^HO@Ok.
F ~"! hO^ J``= *#O qHOK< LÔ` WC_ h D HOk
q+ q=i#.
1) J*# qH
2) *# qH

18. ''J*# qH
N =+ =i : F ~=! J*# qH U_, *# qH U_ L<~. WOH
g\ J"O`~ ^= (Sub - divisions) Z< L<~.
N~=_ : =s! J D J*# qHuH H~}O Uq\?
N =+ =i :
I.. J^~} `= (From Unity towards Diversity) - J*# qH :
1) qH"# =$u (tendency) ~=Q ~+ `=.
2) q+Q=@ U~_K# ^$_"# PH
Wq |` Jn#"
# ''P`` O J# JYO_#= O #O_ ^~O K < ~.
[#O : O~=, ^Y=

qH "+=. #@_ "~, "+= "~ J~#>... P` "~, qH "~. ( ^+
"~ O`~` q "~ ..... J~#@Q),
F Lù H~}O G 615
II. ^~} `= (From Diversity towards Unity)

-z`"# ^#=.
Wq P` HQ* < ~. JO^K` '*# qH Jx =|_K<~.
[#O : ^Y q=H ~=Q x~u#O^ .
J^H= - (J^~} =~O -J*# qH) : J`=, q`=, `=,
~`=, =`=, ``=, `=.
T~H= - (^~} =~O-*#qH) : H=, =~H=,
=~H=, =~H=, [<H=, `H=, `H=.
T~H= U_ XH^xHO> =~H\ JkH"# *#=` xO_ LO@<~.
J^H= XH^xHO> =~H\ JkH"# J*<=~}OK` ^Y^=Q
LO@<~. 'D ^<Q *# J*# qH _ r=xH *#=#,
`=# J#iOz LO@<~.
WH, ^= Q P`~=#O^ u HeyO_@ ''=H J# |= K
K |_Òk. ''J\ ~ u #O_ `Q@... `y =$u Hey O_@...
=$u =# ~H=Oxi`"# D ^Ô^ JO== HeyO_@.
Wk J*#=. J*#" Jx ^Y= ''`= JQK#k.
OHOQ KO> :
*#= ''< H ~O P` J# Z~H "Q }OK u Q`.
J*#= ''<# D uH s~=# J# P`H OK=`~O J<
U=~ "Q }OK u Q`.
D r=_ U=Ò ~Q ^+= O^H, ^=Q ^ *# ~=
#O_ KeOH L<_#H.... WH J`_ J*x J=@O Z#\H OqOK^.
~=#O_ =~e q+=O^ =Q= JQ@ 'J*#=. nxH
qOz# J*#=O@ "~ ZH_ < ^, LO_^.
~u : XH =Y"# q+O KCK<#. ^Q q#.
D z`= XH ^~=# P~, =~ WO`< =~H ''^~= H
''q+= " i JO`=O^ q+x (H ^~O) `l LO@Ok
H^! W\ Jk x~O`~O XH q+=# =ê =~H q+=" "K< LO\Ok.
J~`, J@ `lOK|_K# HiOK|_K# q+= =^ =##~`=Q
u L#k.
616
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
> >
>
>
z`=K z`=
`lOK|_K# > 1234567
1234567
1234567
> P~# H`
1234567
q+ O 1234567
1234567
1234567
q+ O
1234567
1234567
1234567
>
>
1234567
1234567
1234567
1234567
q+ ~ `
=##~ `
u
~ q+= q_z# `~"`, =iH q+= zOuOK|_H=O^, P
~O_O\ =^ ~^ U~_# ^ K`#= H ` ''~u Jx K
|_Òk. Jk JHOHu, ~ OH~`"# u, ~= Hxk, x^ [_`
~`"#k _. Jk t= JKOK= J~# K`#u.
D ^Ô^ 'JO == #tOz#C_ ^*#=O` =Òk.
JC_ K` # ~=# HtOKK#^ P`H ~=. J\ ^ = =~ ~ `=Q
^ K`#" <#, h=, =#Oîx u XH~ _! J~`, D r=_ q+
~` ux `lOz "~ "~ *#-J*# qHO^ "tOK@O [~QÒk.
J*# qH -
H K`#=#O^ J<k H= #O_ J^" # J*# qH U_Q
K|_K<~. W=h ~~O qo`" J<H q^=Q L<~.
1) c[ *Q` - Wk *Q` J= ~Oc[O. $ kO^ J#Q
*Q` ^= ~OO Q ... '}^~} J# H ~=# z` P~ OQ-
U~_Òk. Jk z`= H Pq~=O. h\ ^= H~@OQ U~_K#
z`= H ^= K` # ~} # 'c[*Q` Jx JO@<~. z` ^= ~}
'r=_, '|k "^# O[K K|_Òk. W^xx ''+ JOìOz#\,
*Q` J=H, ^=~}~OO... ` Hx J~O KH=K.
2) *Q` u - Wk c[*Q` HO> HO` +"#k, qH}"#k. D ^,
''D ^=# O|OkOz#"_< <#! D Q^~= <q J# ~=Q
XH<H fu U~_K#k. D u O^, ''W`~O QiOz# =# =~Q#_ `
LO@Ok. ''D ^" <#, Ô|O^=# Q$ ^<^ <q J# ~=Q
J<H [#~O~ ^$_O~OK` *Q`^ H=H=OQ J<H O~ =
=$^=`<~.
F Lù H~}O G 617
3) =*Q` - '*Qù J#Q ^$=*=# - ^+Q OO^"!

WH =*Q` ^+ - O~= O|OkOz#k. J<H [#O~=K -
==~OQ '=*Q` J#==Òk.
4) *Q` = - J^$_" # JO K` D *Q` ^+ `# *Q` =<~[=
(Realm of thought) gH LO\_. J\ =#He`"# ^xx "= |k` K_@O,
J#qOK@O '*Q` O Jx JO@<~. =}=~A XH QO@\ J~=k

O=`~= *Q` O (*Q` *Q` O) J#q OK@O =#O KK=H^!
HO\ ^+O K` ~ O_= KO^x K_@O.... =` z "O_ L#@ K_@O....
=$Q`$+ K"# h~, H~@= K_@O..... W=h *Q` =x
~H~H `` ^y#qQ K` LO\~. O J<H q^=Q L#
JO K` H=OQ *Q`^ O^Òk. H#H nxx ''*Q` O Jx JO@<O.
5) = - O W`~O J#qOz#, Kz# H TOz# ^~
LO\~. nxH c[= OH#. WH_ =# `# u J~#
TO^ x=OK@ L^H= ` LO@Ok. O *Q` u ^$ ''HOQ
Jx<, J\H JÒ` `"# ^x= O^|_#@ D r=_ q LO\_.
D = H J#== '=*Q` u O^# D r=x H s~Ox
HO~Q= $^Q= =^ "Oz# <_Ô U~_K#k.
6) *Q` - Wk 'z~H *Q` =O K` U~_Òk. ^$_"#
'Ja=#= K`Qx, z~H= XHsuQ ""=, H# HeyO_@ K`Qx
*Q` ~OQ =$kO^Ò@Ok. r=x@ Wk =Ks~`" LO\Ok.
'=*Q` Ok# " '*Q`Q Ok.
iO^_ XH ~u O_O_ O=`~= J#= O O^@O D *Q`
uH O|OkOz#^.
*Q` u D ^= L#C_, #tOz#C_ _ Oq LO_Q^.
7) + - *Q` Ok# D r=xH u HO` HxH ~[_u
O^@O [~QÒk. J\u D r=_ `# Oq# ^M^ L=#
H# U=Ò P~OK_. (He becomes absolutely and deeply un-responsive).
"# ^@", `^~ # [_u< '+ Jx JO@<O.
F ~=KO^! D U_ qH J<H ~= =Oz LO@<~. u
qH J#O`YQ qiOz LO@#k.
618
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
z~H= ~__O_# '*Q`= z=~ *Q`#O^ 'i=
O^Òk. P! << H~=# ^~=` _# D *Q` =
q~=# îOz LO\Ok. *Q`#O^ =#O^ _ '=*Q`
H JOMH=# J#== u Ok LO@<~.
D 'O~= J#|_#k _ n~H~O`= *Q` ~=#<
LO\Ok. D r= XHiH =~H~ "i H *Q`# O^ *Q` ~=#<
LO@<~.
J<H q^=# J"O`~ ^=K ''xO^= (despicable)... J~ LO@#
D J*# qH QiOz q<= H^! J~` r=_ D J*# qHh
Ò_ ^\"Q_. L`= qK~} K`, *#=K` x~=Q P` ~=#
HìOKH=@" JO^ LO. P`*#~=Q ~u x P~Oz#"~
D P*# qH# OQ ^\"<~. <\ "#"~ LO@<~.

19. ''*# qH
N =+ =i : F ~=! WC_ h *#qH QiOz K`# q#. Wk
qO> WH h= 'J*#O J< |~^ _=. P ^, =H D *#
qH< J<H ~H=Q `= =K#= xHO K KCK<~. J~`
'Wk x" Jx JxOz#\ "Ô` Ô`=# J#iOz q=i<#.
D *# qH "tOK@ r=_ J*#=#O_ x=iOKQ_. [=,
JYO_= J~# `H~=$uO^ P~_" îOKQ_. JO^H D qH
D ~ =zOk.
D qH *#=. "\H ~"# =H *=.
`~=Q ~=` QiOz# *#= "H=.... D ~O_ ~^=
Hx, "~"~ H^. Z=_` J\ `=*#=# O^`_, J\"_ D O~=#
=~ [xOK_ . D K = qH z=~ '=H J#|_k J=`" L#k. ^xx
Ok#"_ WH Z\H OiH ^M# O^_. D *# qH QiOz q#.
1) K : 'H "# H~}OQ J<H J*# J#==# O^K#
D r=_ XH<HC _ HH`m <OK "~ Q~H" # ` OH= (Detachment
from falsehood and inquiry into the nature of Truth) O^K<_. JO` HH, ''XH
=_xQ LO_`<<q\? WO`H G= Uq H\ <~? "\x

F Lù H~}O G 619
iH#. [#Q =`# g#. "i Ja Hi~. JC_

L`= "# ^^ KH Q x~~ OKHx, J\^ x< =##O K#... J< x~ xH =< _.
J\ ==# (H x~=#) ~=@" 'K Jx JO@<O.
2) qK~} : D r=x ''K H [#OQ G=`\, [#`\
O~= U~_Òk. XH #`# =$u J`xO^ U~_Òk. JC_`_ ''q#@
=##=K@... "^# ~= LO_ P ^K~=O^ x=Q=Q
K<_. `# q#K# Q~"H=#, Gq+=# =##~HOQ ije
''qK~}qH (Sphere of Enquiry) i_qK<_. H=OQ `# "= ~
"q\, `k`~ "= ~"q\ ijeOK@O ~Oa<_.
3) `#=# : K qK~} =OK` D r=# H=OQ D | ~
~ ~ QO^=O^ 'J<H `#=# (Non-attachment) ~OO
J=Òk. H=OQ Wk K^~xk, OQ_xk JQK#k. D J<H xk^ |
_O ^ Hi# O^K` nxx '`#=# Jx < ~. ''^$= @ U~_K#
J<H P`*# J#== q+= U~_K# PH D ~O_ <}=
H ~O_ " =, `#=# H ~=.
4) ` u : W@ ''K qK~} `#=## JO ~Q,
J\"x z`= q+=#O_ "#H =~K#k. HO` q~== H
qOu #= O^@ [~QÒk. J\ q~uH ~= O^K#C_ P
^+ H r=_ WOHH #`# ^$+x O^K<_. P #`# ^$+H D =Qx,
nx H~~"#\ *Q`+ J=Qx 'x" JQK<~. JC_`_
~ =# Jk#" # PÒ^ u Hey LO@<_. J`_ ` =Q PÒ^
u HeyO\_ H|\, nxx '` u Jx <~. Wk xiH=k H
c[O. D qHO^ LO_ q"Hx |q` Jx ~.
5) JOH : <Q qH J ~Q, JC_`_ D
JO`~ q+= (Outer as well as inner aspects) K`Qx, "\O^ JO`~`"
O_ O~=K`Qx $tOK|__. 'JOQ= J# ~= Q =k J`x
O^ iH=` LO@Ok. J`_ x~u #O^=Q |`=# Hey LO\_.
'P`H`~= H g` J#q LO\_. W\ *xx ''|q^~_
Jx JO\~.
6) ^~=x : D qH L#"xx '|q^s_ Jx _ JO\~.
D r=_ 'K qK~}, `#=#, ` u, JOH J# S^ qH Q
J LO_Q J`xO^ 'L~u (withdraw) J< H|O U~_K#k.
620
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
J`_ ^ P`~=_ LO\_. WH JO`~=O^ ^xx qOK=#
J=~O J`xH H#|_^. JO`~=h P`H O^~#OQ î
LO\_. H=O ^` H~ =Ò W`~ |=O`=K HO` k`_
P q+=" HkQ ^$+x =~e LO\_. J`x JO`~OQ= =Ò
^~~Ò, q+~ÒQ< LO@Ok. D qH ^~= JqOK|_`~.
H#H nxH '^~=x J< ~ =zOk. ^~= q+" J`xH U=Ò
~Q H" # =# LO_^ . ''^~= h P`H =< K=`~" .... J#~OQ
Q=x LO\_.
7) `~Q : P~= qH J~#\ '^~ J=# K ^=# JO` 'HOz`
_ O_ =Òk. W`_ H=O '~#== #O^ =`" uHey
LO\_. D *Q` "^# J= #O_ q=_ H==, t==, J^ `= JQ
`suO^ xH_KOk LO\_. `< JO`\ J~LO\_. JO`\ - Jh
`#Q Pk_.
W`xx '|qî+_ Jx _ JO\~. D `su r=# =`"
kOk. D U_= qH Ok# =h P`~=. J\"~ |~=Q
u x~u# OKHx#>.
WH q^ =HH O|OkOz#^Q '`su nxH ~" LO@Ok.
Y=#
=# [# =# ==#
^Y=#
`~Q =# ==#
r=#Q D '`~Q Jx K|_K# =` M ^Y=K KeOH

~^ =uO^ LO_ LO\~. =#[# =#Hu L^QL^j#=`,
L`x~`=`, ~"^#` JkH=` LO_Q, `~Q =#
XH<H =u J=îOz LO\Ok.
`~Q, H=O ^ ~H} H~ =`" OQ ==~H HeyO\~.
'`= s~= îOzO_@# _ '#n["O Q H$u K=`~OQ
[=#` î LO\~. ^, ==~Hx iQ `lOz J~< LO\~.
F Lù H~}O G 621
W`~ ÔK` =`" s~~H } ^~ =, =~= ^~ = x~i LO_=K.

Uk U"`<O? Q_x^ L#"_x JO^"# O^~O eOKQ^? ^
P`~= LO_ r=# D OK=x P q+= Y=#Qx,
^Y=#Qx HeyOK=.
W\ *#^# Ok#"~ =#="Kk L^ Hey LO_=K. ^
^ ~ ` LO_=K. "~ Z\H '= Q< LO\~. q+ = J qHOQ,
J`=Q `K@ D 'qH H Q~. x["q\ `H# `~"`
=$Q`$ + x h~, =` zx "O_ PHiOKQ "? *#= Ok#"x q+ O
_ D ^$= J\^. D O~= =^=O` q^~OQ< J`xH
QKiOk. qûH _ "^#"~, ^=HuH ^_ "^#"~
=# D JaO ^$O`=.
~O_= qH #O_ <= qH =~ *<^= Hey LO_=K. J*#=
q LO_=K. Hx | ~| q+= K` x~u=Q ~#O^= =Ò
"~ Ok LO_~.
N~=_ : =s! XH r=_ D [# H~ ^+"q\ QOz#"_ K#
WC_ P~OK_#HO_. J`_ `~Qu O^@ Z\H Ô?
N =+ =i : Pù H P`#== J<k $^= H x~`=
^+~`=# J#iOK LO@Ok. HO^~ =` D qHh XH [#
O^Qey LO@<~. =iHO^~ ~O_= qHQx, =_= qHQx ~Qey
LO\~. WOHO^~ P~= qHQx, =~ W`~ qH <Q==O`, =_==O`,
XH@==O` Ok J> OKi#"~ _ L<~. =`Q #_, #O^_
=O\"~ "^\ [#< '`~Q ux J=îOK@O [iyOk. D qÔQ P
qH H=#OQx, H#Qx PkOK@O ^~^.

KK"! q" # "~ D qHO^ OKiOKK<~. "~O` q=Q
'Pù x Hey LO_@O [~QÒk.
D JO`~ WOk=..... D WOk=O^ JO`~`" LO@#
q+=.... g\H P^~`"# D s~=..... D s~=# O|OkOz#
PkuH, Pk^qH, PûH `=.....
g\x\=# U~_K# J`=# x"iOK\xH "~ P`x+ O^ x=Q"
LO@<~.
622
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
F ~~=! ""xH D uH"# ~* U ~A L`= ^$+ x["#
~A H~. Z=~` D qH# Ok '=# J< `=# xQ~, "~
x["# #$`. ''P`*# ` e#C_ D ` ~[, n
=* `$}" J=`x QOK.
D U_ qH Ok# =` =H~. "~ =_ x~O`~O
=O^h. "~ `= 'WOk= J< `=< [~Oz "<~. J#H}HOQ
P`=*k<` "QO^K<~..... "iH '|^q _ "#^.
^=` P#OÔ Q^# q+". Hx, JO`HO> ~==k |^=x P#OÔ.
J\ |^=x ^qHO> _ ~"# H=#O^=# =H~ WC_
WH_ O^K<~.
F [#~! J\ H=#O^= H =Q Hey, ^~x~` LO_@=
^H=x QOK^~QH!

20. |OQ~O LOQ~O

N =+ =i : F ~=OuH=! ~=KO^! XH K=`~"# q+O K`#,
q#. XH K"# |OQ~ LOQ~O L#k. Jk 'JOQm|k Hey#^ `#H
PH~~`=# ["# ~OQ# =~z ''J! <# ~= H~, D
LOQ~H~=# iq`" < #! D PH~` = `Q^\? <# 'x~H~=Q |OQ~O
Q qOKk Z#\H? Jx x~}OQ ~kO> Z\ LO@Ok? D r=_ _
J*#[x`"# JOH~=K `# '^~=, [= J~# P`~=#
=~z x~}OQ ~kOKK<_. `# ` H~ D ^$ ==~= "tOz
J<H [#Q ZH_H_ "`K<#.
N~=_ : =`! |OQ~= #O^ '<# LOQ~=# J< |kQ, P` O^
D JO=|k ZO^, ZC_, Z\ HeyOk? D q+O ^suQ KO_.
N =+ =i : U^< ^~O LO_ LO>, ''F! Wk WC_ W\ WH_ #O_
=zOk J# =K~=# K@ LO@O^"! J`# ^~=# XHC_ ~H
Uq\? =~HC_ H_ Uq\? |OQ~= #O^ JOQm`= Qx, P` O^
JOH~= Qx U H=O^ _ =.
h q`_=_< h` ''~=! k QiqO^ yO[ |~=Q |OQ~ LOQ~O
@~! Jx J<_#H....JC_ h= J`x H~ qH^~x =^ _| Wz
F Lù H~}O G 623
K<^k? LOQ~"` Jk |OQ~= H< "~ H^ H^? JH_ ''|OQ~O `=,

LOQ~O J<k PH~=Ò J~ L#> D r=_ ~|" Hx =iOHg H^.
N~=_ : J\ J~` g? ''Wk |OQ~O, Wk LOQ~O, Wk r=_, Wk ~|O
Jx J#@O^xH? D '|OQ~= '|OQ~@OQ~= J~"q\ =iHO` q=iOz
K O_. nx J~x ~
O =# <# |~=# =iO` Q, xOQ Z~QQ #.
N =+ =i : J` ^~= # ~O Uq LO@Ok? x ^x Lùx x~zOK@O
Z\? Jk ''Q_e ~O_= =~_ =_= =~ =^Q `Q^ ZO^
=zOk? J##k ijeOK@O =O\^.
'=~= #O^ 'JOQm`= J<k H# =`". q^~=Q Ou
=O\^. 'LOQ~= J#|_ "~# ^~O |OQ~=#O^Qx, =~H_Qx <^.
|OQ~= |OQ~=Q< LO_LO_Q, XH PH~=# 'J! 'Wk LOQ~O Jx
x~~OK<O. `k`~ PH~= 'Wk Q. Wk QA. Wk =_}O ... D
qÔQ ~ @<O. Jx\# L#k ~^ |OQ~". ''|OQ~= P PH~=#
Ok#k ZC_? J# ''|OQ~= =~H PH~=# U<_ J=îOK^.
|OQ~= =iOHn HO_< PH~^ ^$+K` P~ `QK#k Jx =#O
J#H `^.
D [Q` H H# K# '= _ q^. Wk J`~= =`".
qK~} ^$+K nxH ~" LO_*^. nx ~==~=O` JO`=~H. ^`
=iOHn U<_ O^@^. Uq H=@ ^. Hx ''P~`^$+ (Attributive
look) H~}OQ D '[Q` J#|_k H#|_@O [~QÒk. WH_ HxOK J<H`=O`
'=$Q`$+ x z#`~OQO^ `~OQO =O\k =`".D ^$=O` ^`ÔQ

|"! |=# "~Q JxOKÔ` Wk "H#"xH H#|_ '~O_= KO^_
=O\k. JO>, qK~} K KK=, WO^ Ug LO_*^x = LÔ.
=` zx "O_ ZC_ =zOk? ZC_ Z Òk? J =`z
"O_ Z_#^ |? Jk KK"x =` ^$+ H~}=Q Hey L#k
H^? `` qK~= H J=H~}OQ '= K HxOK@O [~QK# D
[Q`, WO^x ''<#h=J`_^$= "^#Ô` J\^#x QOK.
N ~=_ : Ò_! W=h = L#> LO@<~.
N =+ =i : U q+"`, H, ^~"` ^~xH ^, Hx, L#@
HxO^... Jk #@ èk Z\?
624
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
''`` qK~} K`<! '``-`" J# ~=# x~O`~O JOK@K`<!
qK~} H=@ K`< ''Wk <#. Wk <k, Wk [Q` J##\ ~= (H)
J#== D r=# iOk. XH ^$O`= K`# q#.
'XH _<_. J`_ Ju iH"_. |#_. P "_ è XH<_
''X~! @ ". JH_ ^<~ Jx K =O@WO\H~Ok. P
_ 'x[=? D H\ HOz Ô H#|_Ò^" KÔ Jx J#<_. XH
| ZH |@ K<_. P H\ H ^Q~ Q ^ K@ QeH PHH"QxH
J@W@ Hê ^Q |O KOk. ''J! Ô! Jx ^Q HH "
<g^ __.
D ^$OÒ U qÔQ J~` '^= J#|_k kO^ J\Q J`
J~#\ D [Q` ^~= ~~=, H~=O`= HQQK<~. WH
#< LO@O^? =~O =~" LO@OkQx P~}O ZH_ U #O LO@Ok?
K`#= K`#" LO@Ok? WH 'h= <# J#|_#q ZH_q KC?
=i Jq ZO^<O\"?
D h= <# J# "\H "= ~= qKiOKH=@K`<.
XH L`= ~O KCK<#. L^Q~`_" q#.
D OKO `== H, q^==HQx 'J~H=~=
# XH x==O@ Un ^. Hx, Jk#=Q '` O^ Uk Z@
P~OK|_K#^ Jk J~H~HOQ J> JQK#k. _ `# =#
HeOKHx# ^=# Z^~Q pH\ KK@^? =KH`"#\ ''^=O
`^=u J##\ D 'Jq^ '= H 'O~=. J<` q+=
x*xH `Qx, u+Qx ^. J\ J<Ò^ ''<# <k J# == D
r=# HQÒk! ZO^K`? xk L#@Q HxOK@ '= J< |OK
K|_Òk. K=, x~=, O`= JQ PÒ^ 'JOH~= J#|_k
LO_*^. P`HxÔ@ ZH_, Un ^. J^xO^ 'J` JOwHiOz#C_
'<# h= J# = U~_K<~. x JOH~=# `yOKH"< H
ZH_k? x^xx x^xQ K_@O JO K LO> iÒk H^!

F Lù H~}O G 625
21. |" WÔ`

N =+ =i : F ~=KO^! '<`#`= |`= |O_=
*u`= ... W=h ^~xH =. J\Q ''"~ H=, ~^, J=~`=,
=#, ` =, ^=, =`=, H~}`=, uH`=, =Q`=,
=J==, <#<kh=, `J`, ^ H#, ~Q=, PH ...
W=h ~=~^$+` K <=. D ==~=O` h ^$+ L`"`==Q
'Pù P`=# O^\xH =O^ =`" Qx, P `~"` H^. ""xH
D [QÒ`\ H ~=iH~= |" J~ L#k.
J\ |= O`=, ~=# Jk#=, J=i`= (that in which
nothing can reflect), <=~`=, H~}=i`= J~ L#k. ^xH 'Pk=^=
JO`= J##q =. Lù q<#= "^# qH~= _ =. Jk

"# Qx, =## Qx 'q+= Jk H^. Un J=O_< JO`
`< J~ LO@#k. XH`# ''Ò_``H_=#=_`_ J#|_#=h,
... `# =Ò UHOz` =~ OÔ_<.... ''`< J~ LO@<_ H^!
D `~=Q P` PH= HO> _ JuH;"#k. Y=x\HO>
_ L`"`= Y^"#k.
N~=_ : =`! JO`\ =~" "Oz# |=# <xC_ Z~Q
K<#. <= ~=` _# D [Q` '`= J*#= J<k xi"Ô".
J~`, J\ D [Q` *#=K qOz _, =~ U~_ LO\Ok H^?
ZO^K`? ~|= `# O^ D [Q`# ZO^ O^Òk?
N =+ =i : <<! ~=! ~|= ~^ `# ~=#< LO_ LO\Ok.
Jk #=#O_ U=Ò, U ==O^# ''Ku (deviation) O^@ ^.
H|\, ''$+ Jx, ''[Q` Jx h= ^xx JO@<", Jk P |=# "~Q U
==O^# ^. |" D H#|_ ~=H ~=. ==Ô
H ~"q\? [" H^! ''==Ô [= L#k Jx _ yOK
|_Òk! D $+ _ J\Q ~=Ò^ L#k.
Hx =^[O ^=jO H#H KOKO. ~=`, K#~Ò. P
~O_\ Ô JO`. ~=` $+~OQ OîOK|_K<~. J~`, ZH_` U
q^"# =~K~, " JH_ ''Y^Y=, J= .... "II
Ô^= P~OK|_, P J#u JOwHiOK|_Òk. ZO` K=`~O!

626
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
~= ` ~x= HtOK"_ H^. D ~^ H= uH ==
=`" H^! x+_, O*u ~_ JQ ~=` D uHqH~=#
Z\ PkOKQO?
`\HO ''Wk `~" [=. Wk _= ~" [O, Jx J#@Q ~ |=#
qq^~= Q D [Q` iOk. JO^K` ~^, JO`_ ~|".
^$_"# *#O x"xH =Ò D [Q` ~=` HO> a#"#^xQ#, q+
~OQ# HxOk. JO^K` J`xO^ ''Wk $+ J< *#O LO_ LO\Ok.
Hx, *# iH uO^ W^ $+ ''JO` x` `"# ~|" Jx
J#`=Òk.
F =*#~! ~=KO^! J*xH <<q^=Q H#|_K#
D [Q` ^~xH U H=O^# H L#k. PHO ZH_< =~H PHO
LO@O^? ~=~ ==#O^, P ~=~=# J#"#^n LO_*^. H#H D
$+ _ ~|= H 'O[ #x `K#k.
''z`" ~=`# $+~OQ QOKK#k. D $+x W@ QqOKK#k
z`" Jx `<+<#O`~O =x[#=Q "= QOK=. D z`= |=
#O^ ~=Q ~Oz#C_ D =~H"# $+ ^~#=O` `#O`@`<
~Ok. J#Q z`= ~ WÔ` ~|~" J=Òk. z`= L^~Oz
#C_ =`" 'J` JQ D <=~`H [Q` '` # O^@O [~QÒk.
J<H~ K#. =~ KCK<#, q#. D $+ JO` 'Ja=#=`
_# z`= HH =iOHg H^. z`= LqOz#K@ WÔ` '[_=Q
HO_ ~|=Q< J#=O HQ^.
XH te ZO` K`~O` =\` ''^^$=# `~ K_#H....
=\=` _# D ^$=#O^ ''W`_ ~A, W`_ x_, W`_ `~A,
Wq Q]=, Wq P^=` _# |O_.... W\ ^$+ XH KK"_ (A
spectator) HeyO_=K. J~`, JOê Jx PH~= L#k =\ H^!
~A =, =Ou = ^= He` =`" H^! *xH _, D ^$=#O^

^$ gHiOK|_ # '<# h= J`_ J#|_#=h | K` # =Q< QKi< ~.
*x ==~~o H~ D ^= ("~ g~ J##Ô`) ^$+ @#\H,
JO`s# OQ 'K` # ^$+< Hey LO@<_. J`xH ~ ~ ` t"`H" QKiOk.
J`xH ~=~ ^$+ D [Q`, Lù~`=, <#~`=, qH~~`=.
WÔ` ~=` H "K ~"#^, ~=Ò^ "QK#k. H#H ~^
F Lù H~}O G 627
~" J~ +Ok. WH_H_ J~`=<k "<^. PH=#O^ PH=

O`=Q LO_ LO@#@ t=~=Q ~=Ò^, t=~=Q D [Q`
"K#k.
''|=#O^ ^~`= g`= _ L<~ Jx è*\xH
qA XH ^$O`= K`~. WH_H Hk" ^~O XH #Q~O L#^#H....
P #Q~O h H< L# XH x=@Ô uaOaOk.
JÔ h gO< L#k H#H '#Q~O h ^Q~ L#> H^! Hx "=#Q~O
ZH_ Hk " P= L#k H^!
W\ |=#O^ D ^$=O@, '|= ^$= Z\ O|O^=
O_< LO\Ok. ""xH |=#O^ ^$^ LO_*=. JÔ ZH_<
=<^ LO\? ''=i Hx<~ H^?...... Jx ìOK"iH UO KQO?
''J` =`" J~#\ D [Q` J#|_#k J*#^$+H =`" uHey
LO\Ok. *# ^$+H, WÔ` `~=Q |". ''H=h H.
=\ = "=~O ~~`=Q =\ J# qÔQ `~=Q
|" XH<H ^^$+H W@ OKK#k. WÔ` ''|=HO> "~#kH^
J##k kOKKO_@K`< ''D [Q` ^" Jx_ K|_Òk. ^^$+`
K =Ò WÔ` J=" H#H, ''J#". F ~=! ''JÔ uaOaOK
#Q~O Q h z`= #O^ uaOaOK 'J<H` =` _# [Q` K=`~O "" \
J=Ò^ ? SO^*e_ =K~= # QeH qi, q^~" # == #
K LO\_ KK"? Wk _ J\^.
D [Q` 'K`# == #Oê ~=, J~= _ J~L#k.
JO> ''Jk#~=Q (As "that concept" which is instrumental for the perception)
... `=, ^xH =u~HOQ K q^ Jx _ K|_Òk. (All this is one's
own perception. The perception is a form of one's ownself.)
F =#=~! XHi gg z`= # kOKHO_. "\ O^ "<~" #

Jq^ ~Hx#k. g~ Kp K_H L<~, L`~ `~ u Q` ^+e ` ~HOQ<
LO_`<~. JO^K` ''P`qK~= J< Jy '"# J< H># =OQ
= K"O_. JC_ <K H\ OK|_K# `= gH ^_Òk.
J@QH, L^#` =Oz L<~, D Jq^ MYQ qiOz, Y
^Y ~=# JOMH [Q`# g =Oy@ LOKQ^x KiH K<#.
J\ 'Y ^Y ~= J#|_ '=#$è H JO` JO@ ^. <# K#
628
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
*#qH# KHQ qKiOz, P gg H~==# =zÒQ x~~OKHO_.
JO`Hx, q"# P+# q+=H~ "zOz, ~== O^HO_.

22. # H^"O ^= ij#

N =+ =i : P ~A P XH QO@ =O ^=^` =OK` =}
=~A J~=k O=`~= rq`=# KqKK_H^! P ~u KeOz
~EQ JO`~O *~_. K= x^@^.
''ZO` P~O! =^YO J#qOK@O, P ^, P iK < *
JÒ` OQ U~_ L<? =~=~ P J~}=x q Q~H<~!
WO`H qO^ ~ ` gOx P ^ O , P J~}O, P Q$^ J L<? "?
<# îOz#k ^$=? "==?
K PzOz# `~"` P ~A ^= XH z~#= "eqiOk.
''nxH WO` |] QQ@H#=# <=#k? L^" "o P ^=O`
ijeOz = i H^! Jx J#H<_. `# qx, zOz, J=~Hx# P`
*#q+ =OK` PK#h H\ \ xtO`Q x^^=` X_H *~H<_.
P =~<_ XH *uQ]=# Jk~Oz, J`_ =~}O" |^~_.
HO^~ =O` _ J`xx J#iOK~. `# '*Q` "@"^@
}Oz# `=< =O^ Q_. `= JO` H$u O|O^"# z#z#
=~ Hey L#\H, W`~O Kz# qÔ Q< L#@ JxOzOk. ÒQ
}# J`xH HO`\ H ~O OKiOz# J~}O HxOzOk. W`
~ O * H O k OQ L# P =$H = # i je ^ = #
iKKHO@, '+~+ J< Q=O "tOK_.
P~O! `# WO`=O^ x=Oz# P Q=Ox [#, Q$=,
=$H^ ^`ÔQ `#x *H==< L<~. KHOQ iK"
# ~+#, ^=# K =O^ J_Q "<_. PHHOQ
U~_# H~=H@H =# ZO_~# ==$H=# Kz ÒHOKQ_.
J\ `# K~ Q J<H= Ok H~` `= q`#, `#, `k`~ |O^ =#
Q@H#@K ~k `~ _ ~ . "~Oî K~ O ~A Q~ L<, "~=Ò
~A# QiOK^. W\ KKHO@ H=OQ, `# J`Qi WO\ "tOK_. JH_
`= ~Q$O J`x J`Q~, W`~ =$^` _ aQ~Q U_K P~<^=
K@O Q=xOK_.
F Lù H~}O G 629
J`Q~ : ! < `~! h= h # e ==# ZO`Q< P#OkO

* LO_^x"? O. XHi =_~A J#O ^~H` ZO`Q qq_"!
ZO` H$tOK"? D K` ` < `~, < =#= WO` J#O @H #.
< [# ZO^? H<? = J_x g~O` Z~Q^~ H^! " Hu @Hx
D Ti XH ~AQ OKi LO>, Z=_< @ =K"_? J! g
~O` ## =ê ZH_H~]? Pi ^=_?
F J_ Q~! h= xq+O Z`# `_K@ ZH, JH_ ` =# A"] _q.
XH", JO` Z`# `_K@ #O_ HO^ _`=Ò 'J J<"_"? ^. =
OQ WOHHK@ ZH"_x. = #= H_H< Z= OQ LO_"_q
H^! U=]! = J_ # _ XO\K` Z^~Q_ `! J
J_? WC_H_<"? UO K<"? P J~, P _|, P QO`, P
[O`= K~O X=@O, P <`~ A]@O W=h = <# K_Q<? J`_
=Ô `Q@C_, < `~ <\Oz =O =H# QOAx u<"_.
J\ = J_ =YO KO> =#^_ ZO^ xH~_. Pi <<! "QOQ
gz# Qe `=~# ÒKÒk KK~? J\ P =_ =z, < `~x,
J_x Z`Hx _? Fi =_!
QiqO^yO[ = î Oz, q"# eO_` D T < `~ u~QÒ>,
JC_O^~ ZO` O`+_"~! F < `~! H@H H, <~=G=, #x
Ô`= Q #= #<ke ZH_H"? J_! #= ZH_ Q @}O =ê
= ^y~ =z, = `~x =#= P_=x J#O@ LO_"O. g Wîk
ZO`\ =? XHi<H~ =ke ZC_< LO_"~? < z\èx oKH# <
J_ Kx Q # L<? J\, _H Q < `~, O= =O\
|O Q < J_ W^~ H}O #tOz~?
JO` J~~Ok. < "Q_ _. `~ ~Ok. J_ _.
D J<Q~H Ô WOH <# =Ò qye L<#. D P^h J#qOK\xH
qy# H! W=h Kz<, WOH < K=~Ô? WOH <# |uHk Z\?
|^=_! D qÔQ, J<^<, WH_ "K` gK` J==xOK|_\xH,
PHeK J=\OK\xH, D [# P~O H=\xH, D ^Y= J#q OK\xH,
##=Ò WOH |uHOz LOK"? |O^= ~, J<H =#H =^
P^ O^K#\ <HO>, r=Ox XH~~ #O. [#O ~. ^+[#O Q
Ô LO@# < ^M JO` JO@ L#^? < "Q_, < J_, <
630
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
`~ zeQ= _ qQO_ ~. F [#~! gHO? ~Q "o~.
< Qu Uq\?
#~U |_# =Q P J`Qi ~^#=O` ~A q<_. "#
gOK_. `# =O`` " ^~O HeyO*_. ''UO J"! WO`Q U_<
"q\? h"=~? h `~, J_ U=~! D# = =} KH=i. g~ h
D @O_ K~. J q+"q\ KC Jx XH =Ou eH_.
JC_ Hh~ H~ P =$^ W@ KOk.
=$^ : |Q~! =k D '+~+ J< T~. < "Q_ '+~ WH_
\_. = WîH KO^===O\ XH `~ LO_k. XHi ^=QO K` WH_
J_qH XH ]"_ =K_. J`_x, < `~ =#= P_Ok. < J_, `~
KHO zHQiOHQ H~O K J<H=Ok O`#O _ H<~.
~Q< Z< ~A Q_K~. W\ LO_Q, HO` HxH = H~ He, WH_ XH
^H =O =zOk. =~ K HO=~ O_ ~. uO_, h~ H WH_"
ZO`=Ok KK~ K=. WH ^ _H, WH_"~ ZO`=Ok D K@ =ê
Z\ ^~OQ [` "o~. J\ ^~^ " Ò
HO^~` `=< =~}OK~. ^~^$+=O`=Q "=O` = |O^=#
Q@H<O. ZO`=Ok Kz~, ZO`=Ok ZH_ WOH |uH L<~ =HO
è^. D =^< = P# _ _. W\ JOîh Q@Hx #
$^=O. =HH U_ QH, WOHO qyeOk? <~AHÒ ^ \
~# < `~ " U=~? U"?
~A D =@ qx q`_ K#Q =Ou" KK_. P `~"`, `#
~=$Ò` q J<HO J_y `H<_. P =^<h `# HÒ ~u
x ^=^`K HeOK|_# J#" iQ i`< L<~. J@ HO`
O+Oz, P =e x HO` ^#=`, ^~=` O`+~z, =O``
_Hx "#uiy<_. ''P! Uq D ^=Qu? Jx z< #Q~O K~_.
JÒ` P~KH` _# ~A P =~<_ <` '' =+= s! `"#
[Q` "tOz <# J#qOz#Ô`, `H" Z\ Ok? D q+O <
Hg ^ _@^. ^K, WOê K=`~O, ù H~O < èKO_ Jx
J iOK_. JC_ <# J`x `y# =^#qz, J`x O O x"iOK#.
KK" ~=? D Jq^ q+"# '= # HQ *Q^ =! H}O
`# J`Q#, J`# `Q# KOKQ^.

F Lù H~}O G 631
23. XHx =# q =~Hi =#

uaOaOK@O
N~=_ : =hO^! P =} =~A Q< <_ OÔ =Ok. O
Kz#k '[QÒ`~Ò Z\ J~#k? =^H=# g "H <# qOK
H`<#.
N=+ =i : JqÔ^ WÔ` O=". O HxOK O_, =G=,
[# "^#q J\H `" J~#@ H#|_K<, ^? Jq^H H<
=OK`, JÔ uaOaOK HO_, ^~OQ ZH_ L# HO__ ^Q~Q
g=< L#@ Òk. Q_OQ ~O_ =_ ~A xkOz#"xH, P =_
~A JÒ` JOQ XHH} OQ `K@ [~QÒk. XH_ , ''~u XH H=zOk.
JO^ <# Kz#. < q`, |O^ = <| _ U_< ~ Jx J<_#H.
J`_ =~}O K@O [iy` H Z=iH? JOê [# ZH_"~? D qÔ Q JqÔ^
JO== _ O== HQ^. JÒ` J`= _ `== OKQ^.
XH_ Hk `#K@ `# uiQ_#H ... JC_`xH Z^~Q L# ==
~OQ L#\H y]# u~QK#@ Hx~ H^! H =`Q qOz#"xH
W, ~^~ Qe `K#@ HxOK@^? HÔ_ L# == _
Jq^ H~}OQ H^K#@ XH_ O^K<_.
D OKO J<H ^~= `~_K<~H^! ''Wq `"#"? H
q^`=<? J< q+O H# LOK. XH\ =Ò JO^~ XCHH `^.
D zÒ U ^~=# Z@ f=OQ q Jk J> `~O J#"xH ~Q^.
JOH~=` _# Jq^ ZC_ L^~O^, =~H}# Pk=Ô`=
#\ =H J#O``=_ L^~Ok. ""xH ^~=x\H
'i}== J#= = u=OK`< (uaOaOK ==K`< ) HQÒk.
J\ u=O K` XHH}O HOQ, XH HHO H}OQ J#=O HQ^.
qs` |k Q XH<H =#=_ ''<# XH Hux Jx qOz, x[OQ< Hu=
=~## H\ LO\_. J\Q, =<=OK` XH "H _ O`= H\ OK
=K. JO`\ H H~}O JO`~OQ=#Oê "#.
''Jq^ "= JO== D =_ `K#q XH q+<Hx,
"~"~ q+# H^. W" z`"s`= HeyOK\xH H~}O J=K<~.
z`=#Oê "# H~}OQ XHxH XH q+O _ =`~OQ#,
632
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
=~H_H J^ =`~O JÒ` q+OQ# `K@ [~QÒk. J\Q, XHx
=# #O^ Uk `z#^, J^ HH`m <OK =~Hi =##O^ _ `K
KO_@ [~QÒk. =}=~A q+ O P ^=^` SO^*e_ =#^~
XH [iy~# O@# ''KO_H< q"O =$Ò`=O` =}x =#
_ OK@@ K_. J#Q, J=h =~H r=x =# Oz# J#=
~O~ =`" !
N~=_ : J^q\? XHx =#x J#= q =~Hx =#
uaOaOK@@ K|_Q"?
N=+ =i : = K=`~= J_=#k?
[x J#iOz == U~_@O - XH_ `# lOz_, =~H K\H
~#C_, H = "tOz#C_, ''<# D ~A Uq u#^? Jx
=##O K, PHex J#q_. =~ Z=~, ''h= lOK=H^? Jx Q~K,
''F ! D q+O Q~^ Jx PHex `l_. WH_ [x J#iOz =#
LO_@O [~QÒk.
=## J#iOz =##O^ J#=O U~_@O - ^$_OQ XH =~O~
" ^$+iOz, `k`~ q+=h `lOK@O [iy#C_, J\ =O
*Q^#=O kOKQ^. J\=O ''K#\ K LO_#\ H
QiOz _ P =" J#==Q i}qOKK#k. ^$_=# L#K@ 'J#=O
~k^H #Q^. XH<Hx T - P@ Z^\"i Q # @ qOK@O....
Ô `=# kOKK#@ qOK@O.... W=h ~^K x["# OQ`
= J#Ò HQ=.
$u x H x+ H=@O - J> XH_ XH =`~O K_,
Jk iQ =~K@K, ^x H~ $`= `#O^ U=Ò HeyO_H=K.
WH =} =~A q+O =Oê 'J~#=O Q ''qO^~`
g=# L# XH Q== W\ ==~= [~QK#k J##k ~A =#
uOzOk. P =}=~A QOz# '= =O\^ JH_ XH KO_x
z`= #O^ iOzOk. J#Q, =}xK O^|_# =$Ò`" JH_ "~H XH
r=x $^= #O^ ~__ L#k.
N~=_ : g! XH r=x $^ =x J#= O =~H r=xO^ iOKQ ^?
H uaOaOKQ^?
F Lù H~}O G 633
N=+ =i : ZO^ HQ_^ ? ''=~}= "^# O^~ J<H= Ok

H= XH =#, XH =K#= XH suQ LO_@O [~Q` LO@Ok H^!
Wk_ J\^. J<H=Ok = _ XHHi ^HH ==Q<
LO\~.
N~=_ : JO> P =}x H ''<# KO__<<#. D"# q"O
K<#. W@ D J_q D H x~i<#. D < W+.
giH~H W=h K<#..... J# ==~=O` =` =#"#^#O\~?
N=+ =i : J=#. Jk ^$". Hx WH_ h= =~H =Yq+O ^$+
@H"e. Jk XH O U~_# =~H =. ZO^HO>, ''<# =}_#. D
^~A# J##k =Ò ^$O H^? u r=x H D =~=#
^~<==~= _, qOz#^xx J#iOK LO\Ok. H#H, ''WÔ` K`#=
H uK U~_K#^ Jx H;|k` QOK. =q+=H
^~=H ` ^xH Jn#"# (That in which every thing else finds place)
'K`#` H ~}=< HQÒk. J\ 'Jk#= J~L# 'K`# `
`q+`=~=# OK=# ""#k.
J~` [= `~OQ= [=HO> qH}"# (PH~= HyO_@
"^#) Hx q+=` H\ `=`<~ H^!
c[= xa_H$`"# =$HO c[O HO> "~# <=~=` Ok H^!
'|OQ~ LOQ~O J# == |OQ~=HO> "~# ^$+K îOK|_Òk H^!
Jk#=Q ''K`# ` HO> (^+ `HO>) OKK# ^~= ` (^$`)
"~#k H^. Hx, "~#@ J^$+H Ok.
|OQ~= JOQmH`=#^? ^. |OQ~=# LOQ~H~O ZH_#k?
LOQ~= |OQ~=H< "~?.... H^. |OQ~=# "~Q JH_n <^?
J\Q '^+` O^ i# D ^$`_ ` H^. J` _ H^.
P ~O_\ H qH}"#k. (<^<^` : D [Q` `Qx, J`Qx H^.)
JO^K`, ''D [Q` '^$+ H '` Q#, ~=~^$+H 'J#= Q#
LO\Ok. ZH_< WH #< LO@O^? ""xH 'Jq^ J#|_#k _ Un
^. 'P~}O J#Q |OQ~"Qx, =iOH=O@Ok?
N ~=_ : =s! K`#==# P~Oz LO\Ok H#H Jq^ _ `
Hey#^x J#H=K H^?
634
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
N =+ =i : [_=Q Jq^, K`#=Q K`#=# O|OÔ Z\ QQ^
KC? ZH_< =# ==H O|OÔ LO_@O [OQx, J=# ==
O|OÔ J[" H^!
N ~=_ : ^=j=Q H, J^=j=Q H XHK@ XH == #O^ J=iH
Ok LO@<~ H^?
N =+ =i : Jq ~O_ OKuH ^~=! ~O_ JqÔ^ JO`~`"
LO@<~. H#H ^$== J=`~. K`#", J#==Ò. D [Q`,
JÒ` qH~H", h`" HxOk.
J#= =`=Q K` # = D '[Q` H LxHx JOwHiOz, J\ =<#O`~O
W@ ^$=Q îOk. =# "~Q '[Q` J#|_#k ZH_ U ==O^
_ < ^.
= ^~= K`#==. K`#O =<, ^$ O|OÔ K` (The
relationship that a Perceiver undertakes) J=h Ht`=K<~.
D [Q`x ^~=h ` { z` =`=. (Mere combination of Existence

and Conscionsness). H#H 'H= H |=K`< J=h Ht`= JQ
K<~. JO`Qx, Jq ZH_ L# =~H K` # =K H^ =! XH nO H=#

H\ OK\xH =~H nO ^xH?
F ~=! XH Ô`= K`#. q#.
1. J^$ == O|OÔ Z#\H HQ^. XH\ WOHH ^x =O\k
J~`< ''P ~O_ ^$== Jx JO\O.
2. ~~ O|OÔ H` ~~ J#=O \ H ^..... H#H
3. ^$=Q ~=Ò^ ^$=Q D [Q` LO_ L#k. WÔ` ~OQ
UHÒ Ok#^, J\ UH`|O`, `# ~=# qiOKK#k. JO`Qx,
~=` ~=HO> "~Q D [Q` ^.
^+^~#=^$= (Perceiver - perception - object) K`#K`=K`~`=
(Knower - thing being known - knowing) D u\ ~=O` JA ^$+ =`"
L^~Ok. J~` W@ L^~OKÔ` z` [_= J^ O|OÔ =#<

U~_Òk Hx, H =O [_=H LxH K`< J#@O U=Ò `Q^ . ZO^HO\"?
[_= [_=` He WOH JkH [_" H"e H^!
z` [_= ~~O qH}" L<~. H#H "\H SH` OqOK^. h=
XH ^~=# $t#C_, P J#=O O^K# h=, ~#=O Hey#
F Lù H~}O G 635
^~*=, '~ J#|_ J#== D =_ K`#= H ~}j`

H =O =`". ~= K`#=# OOkOz#^ JQ@K, ''J D
^$" ^ J##k kOKK#k.
N ~=_ : Q$= xiOK@ xH=K KH, }O "^# <=~`H"#
^~= U" L<~?
N =+ =i : Jq z^`H= H=. J=h XH\ =~H\ Q i}=O KO^`
<~. JO^K` ''Jq = H q= Jx K|_Òk. Hx
K`=# i}=Ô@ LO_=.
=~H =#O _ q# : =#O <H` qq^ ^~=# Pk<O.
J\ H '*u= O|O^" J=Òk. ''ZC_ ^$ == =`"
O|O^= U~_K#k Jx J#H<O H^! J^$=# (Unequal) [_ K` # =
XH^xx =~H\ O^=.
H#H K`#" t Q_ "^# ~=# 'J#== J# K=`~O
^~ îOk.
^= J~ L# K`#", =~= Ok#^ ''^+ ^$= "^#
=h HQ*Ok. JO^K`< 'D ~= K`#" Jx ÔfHiOK|_Òk.
`^+=Q "= ''z^``\ z^` H O|O^" He` ^$~=#
L^~Ok Jx #= ~HOQ H\ <O. J#Q, ''Wk H, Wk t
"^# ~` =O` He`" # k =`" . J\ H# K` # = K`< QqOK|_K#k.
J#O`=Q ~|" ~q^= i~", ~~=O^ ==Q
"QO^K#k.
H#H, L`= `` A_=Q F ~=! ''D q=O` <`" Jx QOK! WH
D [Q` JO\"? Wk q^=# =` q^Q}O (false understanding)
J# ~=`, z`H K=` $u K`< XCK#k. J\ z`K=` $u D [Q`x
U ^~*=K`# iO|_*^. XH_ `# O XH Q #Q~=#
K<_#H.... P #Q~O ''Wk gk, Wk W, Wk "~"i Q$=, g~
|O^=, g~ Jiz` J< ~=Q J<H` ^=O` U~_Òk. Hx
JÔ` ^+H OH~O~ hù H^! D =# HxOK
'[Q` _ J\^. ''Wk LOQ~O J< ^$+ `y` JC_ JO^#, =~H
Q# _ |OQ~" HxOk. ^*#= K`< ''$+ JOH~=
W`k =h L^~<~.
636
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
J<H P~}= LùLxH_ =~=H LxH g^< P^~_ L<~
H^? [_, K`#= K=`~=O` P`H ''=#O^ JkfOQ
^~#=QK<~.
D [Q` u _ ^ = JQ K` # =< P^~_ L#k. ^$H ^~ #=
"~Q 'Jq^ J#|_#^n ZH_ ^. K`#~=` ~" J*#^$+ H"iH
[Q`Q J#==Òk.

24. ~=`H x~K#=

JÔ J~ L# D [Q`# `` *#O =`" `~=Q ~=``
SH~KK#k. =\` xiOK|_# #= z`qz`=Q, ''~A=Oux
Q]= "^# qÔ Q H#|_K#\H, qK~^$ +H JO` =\Q < è=K
K#k H^! [Q` _ ~=` ~= =`" J~ L#k. WO^ ZO`
=`= OÔ LO_=# J=~O ^.
`~O Q=h [" H^?.... HqQ =h H=" H^?.... O_h
=$uH=" H^?.... D =H= ~= |="! |"!....
JO^ "~#@Q `K@ 'Jq^.
WC_ ~|=# QOK@ gQ Hx x~K#= K`# q#.
I.. ~|= : D ^$= ^+ H =## P~Oz LO\Ok. '^+
^$= O|O^=# q"H|k` ije `K#k U=O>
1) ^+ ^$=#O^ "t , H O~=# J#iOz WÔ` P
s`Q î<_.
2) ^+`= =OK@K J`xx '^+ Jx <O.
3) ^+`= =OK\xH =#=O^ J`_ LO_L<_. ^+H '^~#
^$ ~`=Q ^ ~= J#==# =`" QKiOKQ^.
J\ '' ~=# P=, ~=# H~}" # ^+H x``~"
~|=. P ~|O u\O^ JO`\ "Oz#k.
II.. =##~` ^K`#= : D z`= XH #=#O_ (H q+= #O_)
=~H #=# "K#C_, P ~O_\ =^Q z`= H [_`~`=Q
^~= L#k.
F Lù H~}O G 637
P ^ ~" K` # =(`HO@#k). Jk K` =(è|_#k) _.

|*#Q =h ZC_ P ^ K`# ~ "K, M^
~ÒQ P H~q+=# x~i<~. F ~=! h= _ ''<# ~^ J\
^ K` # ~_< J< Z~H# g_ O_, P Uk Z@ Lz`" , Jk J> x~iOK.
III.. ^ z`= : z`= =##~Ò K~. ^, ~=##= Jf`"#
^$+, J=Q# HeyO_. JC_ qye LO@# ^ z`=#, '~=`
J#^xH ^ " g ^ . ~ ^ +O z LO@# 'J#" `H` ~= ` ~=.
F ~=KO^! *Q`+ ~`", z`=$u ~`"#\ '^z<`"
h H, < H D ~r= H, "= ~=. H|\ h= ~^ J\
z^ ~_" LO_^=QH! <<! h= D [_`=O@ Un x"_=.
~=# `lOz =kx P~"? H D OzH ^ ` ==~= x~i
LO\"? Jk h W+O . Hx L ==O^ _ ''<# ~ ^ z^# ~_#.
x+OH=$u~` ^ K`#" <# J# =#=Ò =^=^. =^=#
<g ^ _!
N ~=_ : Ò_! =i = D ^M^ =z_ K<~ H^? g\ `Q #O_
LO_^\?
N =+ =i : ~=~^$+` ije, D OKO Z=iH Un OK@^,
#tOK@^. =i D ^M^ P~OK=# <=#k? qK~} H=@
Jx J#~= =H~}O. P` D ^ =#O^ Un "OzOK@^ , `lOK@^ ,
^+OK>^. H|\ h= WK~`_", O` z`_", #~=Q D ^Ô^
U=Ò `Q#O_ LO_. ''<# D ^Ô^, ^$=O^ #. < O^
Wq =. <# ==iOKK##, H =kx P~## ~^ _<.
xtO`_< J# =##=# P~OK.
XHxH q+` xiOK #Q~Ox XH WO\ K=#^"<
WC_O@O^? J\ JOê ^~= QiOz PH J#=~"#^ H^! J^
qÔQ z`=$` #O_ q_=_ LO_. D z`=$Ò^ h Z\ PH LO_=#
<g ^. ^, ~^, `~=Q PÒ^ h= x+ Hey LO_^=QH!
ZC_ KHO HÒ ZH_ `~_, Hk h` O+Oz, `#î# `#
"o ~# XH Jiz` =H WC_ h ^$+H Z\ LO\_, D =~= # ^$ ==~=
@ W\HC_ _ J\ ^$+< OìOKHxO_. ZO^HO> D =~=#=
H q+` i}== J^ H=K#k. WÔ` J`=Q#, H t
638
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
= q+ = Q# QOKK LO_. D =#= `= ^$+x ^ ~K HO_
^~*=H "tOK@ K`< H J#~=# O^K<~. H P`^$+
Hey, q"zOz K WH_O` J~" +Ok. H#H Jz``=< |k=O`
J"@ KHO@<~.
~uO^ [O LO@O^? [O JyH}O ^HQ^? J\Q , D r"Ò^
P`H# "~#^n LO_*^. WH ~=Ò^ '[Q` J#|_#k Z\ LO@Ok
KC? 'z`= J#|_#k _ r"Ò^Qx, ~=Ò^Qx P ~O_\ H
"~Q ^. JqK~^$+` Kz#C_ =`" ''Wk z`= J#|_^H\ P`
"~#^x = `K@O [~QÒk. qK~}^$+` Kz#_ z`=##^ LO_*^.
''=Q~ ~[=~<~. WîOH @< ^. WH XHiOH Z\H è Q~O
"tOK = #k ..... J# =~#=, "^ #\ z`=K K|_ H~=O`
JH$`" J~ L#k.
F ~"! h= z`= H J`=# x~}OQ #q ''J! WH <# D
z`=# `lOK^\? Jx "=K, JH~}OQ, Pù #O_ Ku O^_^
=! D [# ^x<` 'z`= Jx <~, J\^xH ~"#\ ''Yu (A
state beyond) O^ ~^ LO_O_=.
P`# U=~K@K ''z`= J<k J#==QK#k H#H ''D z`= qHe

J<``= Jx qA JO@ LO\~. J\ z`=$ux J#i, ''Wk LO_<
L#k. "= nxx `yOK<k Z\? Jx `KK ~A Q_ "~ x ^ =#
TOKHx Q[Q[ =}"~ J=`~. = ^$+ "~ J"# J=Q# H"~
=`". h z`=# W@ OkOK
''F z`=! ~=Q P` J~ L# < "~Q h"H_<=? "^
#\ x# x~kOK@"q\? <# `=` _Hx, OH=# P~
#C_ J\ < H~H==< 'z`= Jx JO@<~. <# OHeOK@O [iy` h=
LO\=. < OH=H< h= "~ H^. H|\ F z`=! x# x^xQ <#
x~z< #. x~O`~O D 'z`= J#^xx ^~=#O_ J<î LO_ê K#!
H#H ~=! D z`= q+O, XH '=\ qQO Q JKOKOQ LO_.
~^ WK~`_" O`=Q LO_@O J=OQ x~iOK.
F ~" h= "~QH@# K#C_ D z`= QiOz J<H q
K=. Q< L#k. Hx, ^~xH D z`= J<^n ^. ''=i HxOk
H^? JO\"? JiH"# q^^$+H =Ò Jk J\ JQOk. PHO
F Lù H~}O G 639
"= ~k^H# f~ Kz ''JH_ XH `@ L#k. P H< =Y^~O Jx

T# *_Oz QOK@=O\^ D z`= q+O _! H#H D z`= H
q^`= x~OK#"_", t~+x= xOQ LO_.
P`#=^$+H z`= <^x =~ XHi H\ <#.
F ~=KO^! h= ^~xH z`~`_" =! F ~ [#~! g~O`
'z`= J< H# |^ H#\ K`<`#O^ ~! =i J#~=
``"# D z`=` _ ZO^ ^dOKK<~ KO_?
'J` J~# D z`=# =jH~}"`# 'J^$_|k #O_ =[`=`
=#"# J` JO` =z_Òk.
F ~=! J\ z`=# `yOKQ, WHC_ qQK#^q\? h H
~" H^! J\ P`~=#< ~_" LO_.
WO`=`= H+" =#k KC ? JO^H ''P`==# =##= K @
J# L`= L=# Ok ^#x+_" LO@ LO_. HO`HxH P`=#
JH$u==Q, JÒQ ~O HQ^.''~=` D H#|_ ~r=Q,
~q+=Q ^~#=QK<~.... J< =##=# ~^ J=îOK.
''J` JQ z`=# J#HiOKK PH=# kOKx J#H=@O =
^$+ =~` "! J\ =~` =# kH~=QQH! F [#~! "@" ^@ g~O`
`` Ô^ ~ H"e. `^~ =<<#= OkOKO_. J#Q J`
^~=# =##= K@O `yOKO_. P `~"` x~` D O~=#
^\"O_. <#~! "= ZO` ijeOz# `~"` D "H= g
=O^ LOKK<=. x~=Q PÒ^ '=# J#|_ =e#=# U
=Ò K@^. JO^K`, < =@ q#O_. D < "H= qOz, J#HiOz
P` O^ ~ LO_O_. P `~"` Uk U\ Jk J> LO_QH, JQQH! g~
=Ò Pù #O_ K` H=^. ~^ JK` =iO_!

640
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
X. H~} gH
1. gH
N=+=i : F ~=KO^! =#O D 'Lù H~}= qK~} K# qh
OQ gHOKOÔ! q#.
D =#= J< [xOz#k "^ =~}OK =~ `K"# H =`,
J~O x P`, J"# *#=` |uH"@O [~QÒk. O@#
_ qKe`QK<~. WOk q+ = @ ""`QK<~. JqK~}K
H# K<~. JO^K`< 'O~= J# =$^=Ou~ D r=# `#
=O K Hx, `# W+O =z#@ P_Ok. e Ò? JO` x ^Y~O ~ . '~= `
-P#O^= J##" ~, ==Q Hey # D r=_ ^dOK@?
W`xH H~|O^ "H_k? " "H_k?
Jq^# x~kOK@O Z\?- \# `~"`, D =#=_, H |k qHOKQ<,
ÒQ``~_ LO_e. ''x~O`~ "j= =O\ D Jq^ J#|_ #n["Qx
x~kOKO> D ~O_ J=~" L<~
1) O (^#` ) 2) ÒQ`=
D ~O_\ =O K`< r=#, ''Uk QOKe? Uk `lOKe? J< q"HO
L`#=QK#k.
JC_`_ ''K J#|_ "^\ qH# O^K<_.
J\ K q"H=` _Hx |_Q, H=OQ J`_ ''qK~} J< ~O_=
qH "t<_. `~, L`= P`*#O ... D ~O_ |O_H ~O_ KH=
=O\q. J\ `jx z`= [#[#Q ~Hx u+" Hx# '^+" #
|@ O"|_`~. JC_ U~_ x~O`~ ~=~=#K =# H;Ò
O^K#k. J`_ 'H;Q J=`_.
JC_ D r=_ '`#=# Jx K|_ =_= qH "tOKK<_.
H=OQ J`xO^ ^== #yK#k. ''=\` ~zOK|_# ^
^$= =# #"q\? `#"q\? JO` =\ H^! J# Z~H LO_<
LO@Ok KK"? J> D =_= qHx "xH ''<#<kJ`_h=h
F Lù H~}O G 641
Q}=< ^~=... W=h "Ô\ ~Oz`~. =H ~H"#

(Unity Oriented) =Q"# (Comprehensive) J=Q# L^~Oz, |O OAO@Ok.
JC_`_ ''` u J# <Q= qH# Ok#"_Q K<_.

P`*#O qH~Q P yO^ "# #ye, H;`x O^`~.
"# Jx\H =O. D J`==O^ U~_K# PH, D [#~O~ ...
W=h "# #O_ L^q<~. "# ~" PH. H=# P_Oz#@,
P D r=x `= WK =z#@ P_<~. J~` <Q= qHQ
` ux P~ LO_Q HO`HxH D r=_ JH$u="# J<Hx `#O^
OOkOKHO@<_.
J\ J<_ 'JO_ J# S^= qH O^ "t<_.
J\"_H H~ K` Qx, P H~ e`= K`Qx O|O^= LO_^. Jq
J`xx |OkO*=. n~H OQ "## H;O K , ^~= ^~_
JQK LO\_. OQ, JO`~Y =$uK ''<# r=_#Q#. xs=_# Q#.
~^ |=< J~L<#. D s~= "^#q <# H^. D ^~ *=
< O^ ^. <# D ^~*=O^ #. ## |=#O_ "~~K H~}=
Qx, H~=Qx U ==O^# <=, J# ~=Q |H~ ==#
OìOKHO@<_. J\ =< ^$_` O K` J`xO^ ^~q $u ~" #
XH<H 'Jf` u U~_Òk.
J\"_ =kx+_ LO_=K. ^, 'J`= J~ L# D `k
OKH == =^ ^`ÔQ `k`~Q< LO_=K. ''#O, [#=
"^# H K LO_=K H =#=K. ZC_` =# 'H;Ò
KOk#^ WH J`_ '|-" J# =# H JOK, [#=$`=`
~ O@# "~# =^ u LO_ LO\_. '^~= J# '=~##
`k`~ J#`# ^$+ @Hx x~iOz#\H, "\ [#=@ u,
==H~^ LO_=. "# #ye#"_, P O@## K#C_ XH
_ D OK=# K#@ K_. JC_ "#"x=, xi=#H
ux P~Oz LO\_.
gi HO^~ `= ^#Ok# =# q+==# # J# <^#
_ W`~ ~}K =`" x~i LO\~.
Uk Z>< LO_=K. J\"xH ^x@ _ OQ=Qx, JOQ=Qx LO_^.
''XH O`=K u|_K# KH= = "u`"# P H ==~=
642
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
x~i LO\_ H Un x~iOKH =K! H, Jh LÒ` x~i LO_=K
_! Hh Jq J`xx $tOK*=.
Uk Z\ [~QK#\H `# =Ò ^~q $u J# XH K=`~" #
~= Q ''L~u uO^ LO\_. J" ^$= #O_ L~uH (For
withdrawal from involvement) LO H^!
`# '~= #O^ xH_ O^=~ P y GqÒQ<, H L`=

PK~} ~HOQ< JO =Ò K < LO\_. W\ J`x H = ''~=
#O^ O`_ LO_@ =`". JO` Qx, = #O_ Uk O^@ H^.
^~=x - W@ H;=Q '|= ` `# z`=# SH~z# y
JOH =# H"_ HO`HxH ''^~= # HOz` _ qOK O_@ J#|_
P~= qH "t < _. ~ == Jf`` =, =#` # J =_ .
r=#_ - P qÔQ ^~=#, O@##, qq^ =Q r=#
=# KH, |= #O^ =~ =~ `# z`=# OK LO_Q, HO`
H=# J`xO^ P`q+" L`="# UHQ` U~_K#k. W`~ ~}K,
H W`~ = H~ =`" Hx OzH ==~= x~i#\H,
J`x JO`~OQ= =Ò xiH~OQ, OÒQ, Un H~O_< LO@ LO@Ok.
K=`~O K_. Un `# H~O_<, P q+=O^ ==i LO\_.
H~ x~i#\H J`x Jfù =#u ^`^" LO\~.
nxx '^$J=#u Jx _ JO@ LO\~.
J@ '^$f` u LO@ LO_Q, P y XH<H `~}O =Q
'`s_ JQK<_. J#Q ''<< ~ ~ ` JOîO^, JO`@, ~ ^ xiH~=Q
"Oz<#. <# ~=# KOk#"_#. ^xH KO^x"_# _ J#
J#=O LO@<_.
J\"xx =#O ''r=#_ Jx JO@<O.
J`_ Ja+`"# ==~= aOz#C_ #_H_. ''Wq OK^
Jx ^dOK_. ''<# rqOKe. ^, =~}OKe Jx H~H_.
''<# [#=$`=, JÔ`= x"_# J# =# #O_ U=Ò 'Ku
O^_ . WK~ `_ ~|H ~ #~OQ O z# ^xx =Ò J#q LO\_.
^M^ U~_K#k '= K`< - F ~=! h= W\H JÒ` z`< ~ =#
O^=. `H=# `Q`# Ò@<=. H#H< ~~=#
F Lù H~}O G 643
qyOQQK<=. D OKq+=# =QOQ ijeOz L<= H|>

"~QH@#O L`="# Ja "e|KQeQ=. '"~Q= J<k "#
#y@K`< U~_K#k.
H#H, WH x~`"O^? Z" =` _" LO_=. U ==~" # \H
''H`= ^$+ @Hx x~i LO_.
h= `Q< ~^Y~`=Q z^` ~_=.
WH Z#\H, ~H= OÔ_^=QH! U XHH}O# D uH
s~^ h ~= J~ LO_^. OH=, x~=, ~"H=,
x`= J~# P`~" h=. D s~^ L##, ## "\` h U
=Ò O|OÔ ^. P` ~=Q Qey#\ h ^M^ Qx, q+
Y=Qx, [##=~}=Qx Z\ LO\~? ''< [## =~}= =
J##^ "="# *#O.
''^. <# \#. K==K<#. < U"" = Z< xq <# O^=
L#k Hx `yOKH =#k Z\H, U^ Ok, WH P ~_#
H= #k: J# ~= Q =h H\ @.
WH, ''< QiOz J\ LOK. <# *#= PiOK@K [#=~}^ ^YO
#tOk. Hx, < O^= q+" ^Y= #tOK^\?... Jx O~OK_^
=! ZO^HO\"? h= |O^ q` ~`=Q ^`~_= H^! J\
i^ P` == |O^=q\? ^Y=q\? q`q\? zO`q\? D
~ HiO` `lOK. Jkf=Q ~=` xx |O^#==~= J*#O
K` PkOK=^. Z=~` ''< |O^=< " Jx h= `KK<", "i
s~= QiOz Qx, H "i "= ~=Q P` QiOzQx h= HOK=#x
U =Ò ^. D ^=, $kq "^#q OK`= ~=} ==K
xiOK|_#" H^! Wk ~ ^ ^ H ^ = K 'i=~# j= J~ L#k. J#H} O
i=~#=^xH ^dOK@"q\? J\Q` D s~= H$u ÔQ x`=
U~_ =~ K~ Ok u ~A XHH |O^= ~ K H ^d"?
H|\ Jx"~=Q s~^ i}=j`= QiOz ^dOK@O ZO^? WH
P` q+xH =, Wk L`#=Q@ ^. #tOK@^.
F q`~! g~O` ""xH <~` LO_Q, ''<# =~}OKK<#
J# =# ZO^ O^K<~ K O_? =$`~ `=Q P` ^+O JO@Q@H O _.
644
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
O_ye`, P O_x PHO _ |^QK#^? ^. \HO (space
within the pot) # =HO (Totality of space) # `_ U=#k? =H=#
@O "~~KQ^?
''\H= Jx J L#^H_?
P` "~Q D r=_H_ L<_?
x q+O QiOz ^dOK@ Uq\?
'^Y= J#^xx =# P~OKK#C_ x` Jx`, ` J`
qQ= K ^$+x J=~KH=@O P=HO.
Ja+# `lOKe - ~HOu q ^ = #O^ i OK@K, =$Q`$ +
[`~OQ= HêH i<~ H^! P =$Q`$=Ou q<#"#O` =Ò
K` ~~t Hk U"< L#^? ^. D s~ <#= _ P`
O|OkOz#^ H^.
<#~! J x~~H=, Ou ~H= J~# ^~=O^ g
Ja+ ZO^ L^~O^ KO_?
HOK= =K# K O_ - P` ~ = ~" LO_Q WH "OzOK=#
~O_= ^~O ZH_#k? q<k, KKk, $tOKk, PkOKk. P}OKk ...
JO` P` =! P` J#"# ==O@ ZH_ Un ^. PH=#O^
#Ò L#> ... ~H=O`_, ~"_, ^_ JQ P ~=Ò^
.... D ''~ "^# h L<~.
h D uH s~= *=_=Q x# x~zOKQ^? ^.
J\Q, D | ~k h H_ ~=`# x~zOK=.
r=x P~OKHx =`" 's~= LO@#@ D h ~=` #O_
|_e, ~=`# P~OK< LO@<~.
Ja+ '"# H ~O. D uH Hx# L^h uH
~[`== Pq==K U~_ L<~. J~`, WÔ` z`= #O^
L`#=QK#k.
"# H~ =# #tOk - =# #t, H~ x"`"# '=
_ OQ #tOk.
JO^K` ~=! D O~KH=# #_K# '"# J< `_# h=
`~HOQ q"H|OK KkOz"~. Z~Q|_#O`=~, "<~=Q D
F Lù H~}O G 645
= Q"=# HQ*Q^. Z~Q|_O^, Wk J#O`Y=< kOK

Q^. JO`HO_, |H`~O _ O*QQÒk.
D '= =Kk ZH_ #O_? -
PQ` |}H O~qb
#~=O $` |}= qb` II
D '= |=#O_ L^q Ok. b=ÒQ 'O~= # iOKK#k.
J#qOz, =~ bQ |q^K O~<#"#~K#k. |=#
Z~QK, |=#O^ b#=QK#k. P! ZO`\ K=`~O ! =OQ~_,
~~`_, J"_, x~=_ J~ L# ~|#O_, ... xC #O_
xC~=Q .... D }H@ L`#= `<~.
P D<
[O `~OQ
|OQ~O P~}
JyO^ L+= H=
W=h Z\Q` JO`~QOQ L<, J\Q ^# ~=# ^K# P
~=` O^ D =H= L<~.
P# O^ D [Q` L`#"#k. P# O^ u Hey #k. P#
O^ ~Ok. J~` UO? P#O^ '[Q` "^# "g =. LO_= _!
JO^K` D [Q` ~=` J~ L#k. P ~=` = }H@
H JO`~`Q '|= Jx K|_Òk. P`xx Ziy#"_ D [QÒ`
Z~QK<_.
JO`H^, Z~QK#k _ J`_ - J`xH <=~ =. J~#\H
J#O`H~= Hey# P ~=` G= ~zOK\xH, t+ kOK\xH
(==~~O ) ''z` |=t=_q+= P`~= ` W`k J<H ~ `` A
HeOK~. JÔ` JiH "# J=Q#Q t+[## Lî OK@H~H J~ L#k.
J\ He` <==, ~= q +` _ `` AK =zOK |_=K<~.
^ H` ` =|k[Q` - r=# ~ ^ ''<# H` ` =#. < ~=
~^ x", qH~ ~`" L#k. Jk J> LO_=K#k _ J# Z~H
Hey LO\~. XH" ZC_< ^= H$ÒQ WOk= =# O @#
O^@O [iy<, "\O^ PHQx, "^H=Qx O^~. ~^ Jq<tQ
646
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
z^`H =##, J#= =# Hey LO\~. JO`Qx, O~ = JQ@^ .
"~ 'Ku #O_ "#"O@< x ~=Q 'JKu x J=îOKK<~.
PH= HO>_ Ju H;=, xi= J~#\ P z^Ò^ D [Q`
uaOa`=QK#k. Wk '^ H~^$+H "~Q ''OH=qH=,
JOH~= ==H~= "^# K=`~=` H\ `=Òk.
J@ H\ `=QK#k Uk? [Q`? [Q`[_"#k H^! -
H [Q`
K` # = < >
<
<
|k
1) HK`#= [Q`=^ '|k uaOaOKK#k.

2) '|k J##k '= J= J# qQ= Hey LO\Ok.
3) D |k [Q`" iOKK#O` =~ [_`=# O^Òk.
4) H K`#=H Jq"H^$+ [Q`
''W^" ~" |" J##^ q"H=.
D '|k .... =, "= "^# q+=O^ JqK~}~HOQ
"tOKK#k. J~` |k ~` =Ò K`< Hx# D '"
J#|_"\H H "# J` O ^ . JO^K` ''Jq ^~xH = Jx K |_Òk.
=K` =`" L#@ H#|_K, =`QQ< O_ "\x 'L<~,
J<?, '= J<? J~##, J*#^$+ L#O`=~ D " uaOaOz,
^M^ OK\xH H~} `=`<~.
=~`= `lOK|_QH! - F ~=KO^! '^H ~`"# xiH
~=Q z^H" h-< ~=, PH~= _. J\ z^H= (Pure-Realm
of consciousness or awareness) #O^ h D [q^=` _# "
=O` ZH_#O_ îOKK#^ KC? ^" #\ h= J`= J~ L# D

^=# P~Oz L`#=QK# PuQ`# Kz ^dOK@?
^~k` _H# =~`" x# ^d`x KK#^x Q~ K<#.
F Lù H~}O G 647
P` z`= ^= - <<! ~=! D ^= YO_YO_=Q

KkOK|_QH! JYO_=Q K`#=# M^#JM^#= LO_< LO_=. Z=~<
L#@ KO>, Jk J*#= K`<#x "= Q=x<=. ^= #t ''J*x
H P` #tOK@^ Jx [# =~## H\ OK@O K< L<=
H^! WH *x QiOz "~ K^=#k? =Hî Q (One who perceives
equality, evenness and sameness everywhere, all times) *x H P` D ^
<#=K HQ @@ q LO\~?
""xH D z`= Ò`"#^Hx, ~n#"#k H^. J#Q? h z`= h
Jn#O< LO@OkQx, Z=~ ~~"i Jn#O H<H^. WH^x KOK`=O`-
H"# q+ =##~=Q J=OK`< =!
J#Q, Wk ZH_#O_, Z=iK`< xqOK|_@^. ^x Q=<Q=#=
^x Jn#O< L<~. ''^xH 'WOuO` Jx K= Jx SO^"M#O
KK= H^! U P= aO*x '~=~= (The orbit of Sun) _
Jk H}O xOKQ^. J\ z`=< =#O '~+_ Jx JO@<O. =#O
Z=i<<, ZO^H<, OkOK@C_, ^$+ @O@#k z`=< Qx, D
^=# U=Ò H^ =! [# =\_<k, ==iOKk, qOKk,
^+OKk D z`=<. H|\ z`" r=_. D OKuH ^= r=_ H^.
'rqOK@ J# H~ $`=# D s~=`=# PkOK@ LzÒ H^.
P` ^xK`# $tOK|_*^ - F ~"! XH_ *x H=K, H J*x
H=K, ^= LO_=K, H #tO=K#. P`=Ò ^suQ, =H=O^
JKOKOQ LO_ LO\Ok. JO`H^, ~` D =H= D=-
P= ~^ PHqOKHx "QO^K#k.
D Ô #tOz#O` =Ò K` P` #tOK^. nxx OÔK"~ `=
LxHx `" OÔK"~ JQK<~.
WH Z^~Q Hx# D Y^Mh s~=#H Qx, ^ =#H Qx....
JQ=Q P` H<H^. z^=Q P` =<=~=HO> _ Jf`"#k.
PH= HO> _ JÒ` q~OQ "Oz#k. J\ z^= OKH
^Y= K` Qx, q+Y= K` Qx Z\ qÒ J=Òk KC?

k J_Q@, PÒuH ~<^ K_O, z`@=# Pq+iOK_O, =`sH=
[~_O, =#H P<^..... W=h D Ja= H ^$O`.
648
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
''^-" P`-" - D K`#= J<H [#Q J" #
"#` _Hx LO@#k. J~` D '"# J##q ''<# D ^=# J#
=# H ik =`" LxH Hey LO\~. XH =O D K`#=
*#=# P~Oz, P *#|OK` `##`# Z~QK#k. JC_ ''^-"
=## `lOz"Ok. `#H ^~ ~"# ~=` O^ u+`
=QK#k.
J 'r=_ J#Q Z=_? - 'Lk J< ^ O U~_ LO_"_ =`" <?
H<H^! J\ J~`, J`xH LkHO> "~# ` LO_k H^. Lk #t
J`_ _ #tOK"_. H|\, D r=_ îq`_H_.
Hx, P`Q r=_Q JQ@ Uq\? - P`# Lk~OQ, z`~OQ KK
J*#^$+H =`" r=_ J#|_"_ `~_K<_. P`HO> "~Q r=_
J#|_ "_ _. WO^ OÔ ^. P` r=_ JQ@^ H^ ! WH '^=Q
Z\ J=Òk?
r=_ P` J~ LO_@K, D '^= J< O[~O #tOz#\H J`xH
HQK# #+"g LO_^. F ~=! h= r=_" H=. P` J~ L<=. J>
uXH~_. WH ^Y= O^=# <=#k?
''<# D s~=# H^. ''r=_ J#|_#k _ <# H^.
''<# ^ `~=Q |=< J~ L<#. ....
Jx q LO_. JO`Hx, Ou ~=# #~^=O^ ''D ^=<
<# J##\ ^`=# K@O Lz`=? .... H^.
F ~ a ~! ~ [#~! gx uXH~ ''<# JYO__#, J" _#
J#~"#\ ''P`~ =## x~O`~=Q K=K. ^=, JHOH=
JQ ~=` U q^"# 'WK LO_^ H^! 'z^` = J~ L#\ g~O`
''<# WK~`_< Jx ZO^ qOK~^?
[Q` =<=`" - z^` ~ O^ H `" , ~ ` =", x~~" ,
xiH =`"#k. J\ z^Ò^, J^=#O^ == H#|_#@,
D |O_=h uaOa<~. K"# =} JxK~HOQ< (Without main-
taining intentions) `#O^ ~H~}=# HtO*@^? P` U WK
#\H, qH~ `=Q PÒ^ D [Q` uaOaOKK#k. JÔ H^ O_<

`# O^ == HêH# KK#k H^! ''^~}O uaO|O JxK
~H"# O|OÔ Z@ kO^, P` [Q` ^^ O|OÔ kO^x
F Lù H~}O G 649
QOK@ ''*#=. J^=x uaO|= J^=HO> "~? ^~xH P

~O_ XH> J~#\H, =<=ÒK` "~"~Q LO@<~. [Q`_ =<
=Ò K`< P` "~Q `KK#k.
~x x^#O K`< (Just by mere presence), J`x WK O_< (H~}[#
OQ= Photosynthesis "^#) [Q` H~=h k<~H^! 'K`#`
H B#`=ÒK` D [Q` JO` L`#=QK#k. F ~=! ZC_` h ^$+
#O_ D <=~`H [Q` x=$uO^, JC_ h z`= #O^ 'PH= =O\
^ K`#~= ~_ HQ^. 'n= Qk "QK#O` =ÒK` P
"Q P ==, "\ ^^= H#|_K<~ H^! ''J~` ==
^ ==~= n "QK`< HeOK|_K#k Jx JO\=? ^ . D [Q` x
^ ==~=#, Q=O`xH Q O|O^= J\^.
z^ = =ÒK`, =<#Q}OQ D [Q` U~_ LO\Ok.
"O `y` K! ~= qk`=, J#== HQ^.
PH= H ~"q\?#"H^! J~#\H [#O` JH_
O^~=, =#=, HOu`= J~# h`=# K<~. J\Q,
[# PÒ^ [Q`# î<~. =#J#=O... XH^xx ~O_=k
xiOk. =# U~_K# = `y` JO` qk`" J=Òk.
~= ` #O_ =#, =# #O_ [Q` L`#==`<~. D [Q^_O|~
=O` =# K# <! OH= #tOz#O` =ÒK` z`= H~OKQ^.
=<-[Q` "=~O P`!
z`= H~ "O OQ< #tOk. " `QQ< x~HO O
Q< aOk H^! "O `QQ< JO`H~}= #O^, ''[#=i`_, J<k,
J#O`~_, x~_, z<`~_ JQ ~=` OQ< Ht<_.

2. gH
=iHO` =Q gH<#. q# -
~`H=Q z^Ò^ "@"^@ ''=} =+H~ ~=# =+
HH ^#O J~#\ ''=# H, z`= Pq~qOk. J\ =+z`~<
''|^=_ Jx JO@<O. P`x =<OH=#O_ '=#= "^# =#^
U~_K<~. "~ ^=# îOz, qq^<=~=` _# D q^[Q`#
650
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
qiO*<~. _ `x ~=# =##O^ HeOKHx, Jk
=# KKK#@, WÔ` U~_Òk.
=+ =+ ^=K He`=QK# D [QÒ` '=<=`"! =#
_ 'J` J~ L#k. J*#=H H~" Jk. ~=# Jk#" "QK#
'HK`#= H i K`< 'J` JQ D [Q` iOk.
J@ [Q`Q iOK@ nx ''Lù. JO` q*#^$+K ijeOKK#
"=, ''O K ~ `" # z^#O^ i~ |" D '[Q` ~=Q J*#^$+H
`KK#k Jx ÔfHi<O. ""xH '[Q` J#|_#^n L`#"
J~LO_^ . x`k`-~= #O^ ~=Q P` H -J*#H~}OQ [Q` Q
îOK|_Òk.
~ ==^= H '`=`= #O^ =H~=Q `~OQ=
OH (Water - ripples) L^qOz u O^K<~ H^! h\x P^~O K<
=H~= LO@<~. D =# `# Jk#"# H K`#= H
=O K`< ''^"? J#@Q Ok.
"# =QK# D qz`"# [Q`, D ^$= 'q^ J~ L<~.
z^#O^ ~=Q ~|" JqH$`~=# ^ <Hx#k. Wk
QOK@"- kOK@" G= ~`= JO`~~"#k.

Lù H~}O =O
|~}= - H H}=
FO ```

ISBN 93-83972-14-2 (Set)
Vasishta Rama Samvadam : Vol 1 ISBN 93-83972-10-4 1000/- (set)

1
N =+ ~= O"^=
(N"bH =i }` Q"+=)
~O_= O@O
u, L=# H~}=
J#$[#:
". K. ~=H$+
~=H$+ =~O
^=Q_, ^~^500 029
2
Published by
Adhyaksha
Ramakrishna Math

All rights reserved
I - 1M - 08 -2010
12025
12028 (Set)
Printed at :
Bound at
3
"tH
"^\ O\O "~Q==Lù H~}# J^#O K=.
OKO JxÒ, JYO JO> =# J~O J=Òk. ^$ [Q` =_ H#
< ^ L#Ô` XH ~| K`#O JO> =# JO` Ò^~Q J~==^.
=#O J<kQ D [Q` x[=x q qq^ H~ <#i, P H~ # J#q
=<=. H~K~}O =# U~_ O~, =~ =~ P H~ <#iOK kQ
=#e ~O\~. D "# =#K s~# îOK< L<~. "<=
=<^ `# x[~O J# q^=Q#` O~ ` J<H =lb
K# r=_ Z\H Q=O K~O\_. J*#[x` ^$ OKO` iQ
`^Ò KOk L# r=_H `# J#q# [Q` q^ Jx "O@< kOK@O
=# [#O LO_^. JO^Hx =+ Q~=~} OKxH *#O Q~ xqÒ
^~^À_ =HOQ K# ^ S# D H=O =O^Q "~Q =##
LnOK\xH uOK~ ~=KO^_H Hey# "~Qx O, P =<
~x Q OK\xH ^= #O Jx è*~. O KO JxÒ, JÒ,
Ji~O, ^Y=O H#H qA_#"_ "~Qx OOkOKH"x zOK~.
`~"u H~}"# == H~}O H=O ~+Ò ^~< ^_
[# =$` O~ KHO#Oz |@_Q _x, JO` qOz =~O ^x <H =H}O
K~. qq^ ^$O``, W`~O Z=~=~ J ~+ Ò` [Q^q^ =
#Oz ÒK<~ "i rq`Q^ ^~ l*=# f= `#Y_Q K~.
WH =_=^# Lù H~ } O ^$ O KO =` =<He`=x, =#
P=Q [Q` ^ x x~OK\xH uOK~. D [Q^=## # # ^xOK@O
=# J` S# ^$O, Jq^ =# ~A= ~x îOK f~#, ` Q H#|_Ò^x
kOK~.
D ~O_= O@O <=^# u H~}=, S^=^# L=# H~}=#
J^#O K`<O.
u H~}O J*#O, Ou QiOz Z=Q KO_ $+ J<k x*xH
Un ^h, Jk H=O XH Ô, XH |O =`"#x `` ^$O WO^^#
Q #O "# zÒ Jx ^_ =# #Oz ^$ =## L#eOK\xH
4
uOK~. Q\ HQ, [Q^#=O _ XH H Jx WOkQK~ ^$

J"q H`# K@`, JOH~ [x` =# O|OkOz# Z~H =#< D J#= O
HQÒ^x JO` qOz D [Q` LxH ^x K\~.
S^=^# L=# H~}O =< =e<# ~* `=# `yOKHx,
` O =$k KOk, ^+ ^~# ^$ Ô `y H"#O^ ~"# z<` K`<x
J# ` "#~H=Kx =+ =i =z~ . qK~} ^~ Jq^[x` ^$# ux
`yOKHx =<~`x O^=K#x D H~ } O è*~ . ^ #O,
ÒQÒ, ^~=# P~OK@O ^~ "HO H~`=HO J=Ò^x ^.
^ =# =# P` =e#==^. =# "x J~O K Hx HiH#, OH#
`lOz#"~ L#` qH# K~O\~.
'Ô^ =## =ke P`` =O_ Jx ~ # L^t Oz ZQu K@Òk
D H~}O.
- H
5
q+ zH
IV. u H~}O ... 1
I. [Q` u ... 3
1.D [Q` U~_ L#^H_?...3 2.JO=O ... Hx `HO!...8 3.[Q`
qq^ x~K#=...10 4.c[=JO~=|=[Q`...12 5.D
[Q` H~ Z=~?...17 6.~}q~}...19 7. $u...23 8.P`^$+
$+^$+...26 9.=# WÔ` !...27
II. $Q = O"^= ... 31
1._ WO^ "=...31 2.""= [#~O~...34
3.uHO HeÒ...37 4.OH$Ò...38 5. =<~^ =~O...44
6.O~ =$u K=`~O...45 7.D [Q` |"...51 8.O~ù
q~=...56 `q^= ~A 9.Q_z# [# ~}...60 10.*#
^=...65 11.x #~r=#=...69
III. $Q = O"^= `^#O`~ K~ ... 73
1.z`= =...73 2.`= qK~}...75 3.O~=
J#==...77 4.~~O...80 5.r=_ YO_`=, JYO_`=...81
6.s~= r=_ ^$= |=...83 7.|= [Q` ~OQ
OK@O...86 8.z`= [Q`...91 9.^ K`#= OzH
H=...97 10.*Q` + `s=...98 11.=#
H ~=...104 12.q*#"^=...106 13.P`^ Z\ "iH?...113
14.H K ` # = [Q ^ = ~ = ...116 15.* # J* #
J#"...120 16.s~= #Q~= si ~A...124 17.=<xQO
WOk xQO...128 18.LH xH ~^...130
IV. ^= " H@<O ... 134
1.O~~ $+...134 2.==H~q+~}...137 3.# Ô...142
4.'J"H~= ^xH O|OkOz#k?...144 5.^K~= [#= ...
151 6.^ `=...153 7.^$= H JÒ` J==...156
8.JOH~= H ~=...157 9.JOH~= x"~}O...160
10.uq^ JOH~=...161 11.c= ^$_ <O...164 12."<
~`=...166
6
V. ^="H\M#O : q+ qK~} (=#) ... 169

1.=# L=#=...169 2.=# H ~ q+}=...174 3.'z`
Pk`_ ~ ==...176 4.q=H...180 5.J<H|k...182
6."H<O...188 7.x`= #O^ JxÒ...189 8.P`H B#Ò
...193 9.WÔ` _ |"...196 10.Jq^ P`*<#=O...202
11.H`= HÀ_...208 12.qq^ r"``...215 13.#s~
~+H=...219 14.[Q` ^H=...224
VI. ^~M#=(~O qK~}) ^= ~A ... 230
1.r=#_ u, Q}=, Q`...230 2.|O_= K=`~O...233
3.*x WÔ` Z\ K<_?...236 4.D OK= ZH_ #O_
=zOk?...239 5.OKÔ` W`~ J#Q`"!...242
VII. ^~ H^#O ... 244
1.^~_ z` qÒ...244 2.=#^=` à+...248 3.M`_
=_ s~...250 4.O~ Q~= qH ==~=...253
5.OH~ÒPÒ...255 6.OH qzH`...259 7.P~Ò...263
8.L#k ZC_ LO\Ok xk U<_ ^...265 9.uOz#"_
Q<_...265 10.^~M~H: q*# ~O=...267
VIII. HKM#= L^` K~ ... 268
1.D $+H H~ Z=~?...268 2.x~HxOQ=...271 3.=K`<
[Q^ù...272 4.x^# =Ò...273 5.P` Jx" JH~...274
6.P` =+~ H~ $`=...275 7.~~=...277 8.``~O
K=^...280 9.'=_ JO>?...281 10.WH_ Ja+O `y#^k?...281
IX. HKx Q#O ... 286
1.HKx qK~}...286 2.PÒ...288 3.|= : |^=_
K`#= : $+...289 4.$+ LO~O...291 5.''$+r=_ i}=
K=`~O...293 6.$+H =O WK!...294 7.r"ù r=`#=
...295 8.``^=...297
X. u H~}= q+ gH ... 298
V. L=# H~}O ... 307
I. H~} iKO ... 309
1.^= ~A ~u... #~}...309 ^HO_= ~A 2.ZQ|_@" OK@O
7
...313 3.W\H xk? WOH# O^=#k?...317 4.H~|^

q=...322
II. [#HM#= ... 325
1.^w`Q#O...325 2.qz` OKO uQ` =O^"#H...331
3.xO...341 4.z`=# OK@O...344 5.` q+`# [~OK_O
- =~=#O U~_ LO__O...348 6.=<qK~}...351 7.O qK~}...
353 8.=#O``...356 9.=`ì=}O...357 10.'[=
L=#O K`#=...361 11.J*#=O K`...363 12.L^= J~
J#~...365 13.=<<#O...369 14.`$+...372 15.zH`...374
16.r=#_...376
III. }_ =#_ O"Ô <O_= ~A ... 381
1.=` J=Q#OK~O=O...381 2.#^M~O...388 3.O|O^
O^== Jf``=...390 4.^"# zH`...395
IV. |e KH=i ... 398
1.Ki` K~}O...398 2.XH\ |e q~K# O"Ô...399 3.=Ou
=O J~`# ~AQ~...400 4.P =Ou =#==^\?...403
5.=Q~ q` - Ju, q"H=, J=...409 6.=<~K# =<"k
...410 7.h< ~O z`...413 8.<<=_#? ZO`\ "_#?...414
9.H= =~O...418 10.<~q+~}...422
V. ^ <~} O"Ô ... 425
1.~}Ht O~O...425 2.<~}H~}O...426 3.q+ =#O...429
4.^=` HHOT~@...430 5.`~}O...432 6.`` qK~} ...
435 7.=~=#`q+`# x+kOK@O : ^$= H J= u
...442 8.Y qOu...445 9.WOkf`*Q$`...448 10.P` ~ Ô
- JOH~, ==H~ J=O...450 11.=#` =<[O ...452 12.P`
=#O...453 13.< ... << #=~O!...455 14.F ~` ^"!...457
15.^#=n#`=...460 16.$+H Z~...461 17.<~}<=
...462 18.^= r== r=_...465 19.^ \a+H= ...468
20.qH...470
VI. =<^~}O Qk =$ÒÒ ^=_= ~A ... 476
1.= ^ ~ # ` O...476 2. q~ ^ O ...480 3. n~ =<
i=}O...483 4.*#...492 5.qK~} H P=H`...497
8
VII. L^x JO`~OQ<+} ... 505

1.z`=$`...505 2.`=O~}...506 3.F =#! WH P=
h ~ Q!...508 4.<<= _#? D s~=<? XH r"`<?...511 5.xi _ #
J"_#JOQ_#...515 6.WH HO ^xH?...517 7.D r=_ Q=xO
K_O?...519 8.Ou qOu...522 9.~=^=...526 10.~
K`#=` UHÒ^~}...528 11.=#O...529 12.^#=q+}
...531 13.z` qzH`...534 14.J^ x~O...538
VIII. ~=O_=~^ O"Ô ... 541
1.~ JO`~^#O...541 2.WO`H < <=~?...546 3.~ i
O"^=...551 4.=k =` z`=...553 5.xO...555
6.H=b `` ^#O...557
IX. q O"Ô ... 562
1.Ja=# `[O...562 2.Uq H = =K~O?...563 3.J~`,WC_OK e?
...566 4.OH` JOH` . ..571 5.P`^$+- PH~ Ò...5746.P`~=O
...576 7.P` J""#k...579 8.P` JO`.... Jx\...583
X. q"H ^$+ ^<= ~A ... 587
1.P` ^= O|OÔ...587 2.OKf`...590 3.Z=s ~K~`?
...593 4.P ~Ò...597 5.*# O^~#O ...603 6.^~}=
...606 7.~= ~+Ò...612 8.r=# q` ^$+...614 9.Q
=~O...618 10.*# =~O...624 11.^$ ^~# O|O^f`Ò...627
12.`` "`...632
XI. g`=_ JO`~^# Q= ... 634
1.O^#...634 2.` z`= O"^=...638 3.g`=_
WOk= O"Ô...642 4.=<[Q`...647 5.uH ^ #~O
...652 6.WOk=~ x~H~}O...655 7.x~}=...661 8.qOu...663
XII. L=# H~}= qH ... 665
1.Q ^ =#= "zÒ...665 2.z`=#O...673 3.s~
`Ô x"~}...676 4.J=# ^~ J=#O...678 5.è|_Ô`
L#k Ò@#"x O^!...680 6.^$ J^~#O...683 7.J[_O
[_O...684 8."~ "~ L...686 9.=_ J XHi!...689
10.H LO...691 11.*#"<= |"<...695

F u H~}O G 1
~<^ <^ ` ` #=
N =+ ~= O"^=
IV. u H ~ }
O
2
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
F u H~}O G 3
I.
[Q` u
1. D [Q` U~_ L#^H_?
N~=_: Ò_! D r=x H "= ~= J#O`Q} QOc~=Q
z^H"#x J#<=H^! =i D [#H~|O^"H ~O~ K=`~O
JO` Uq\? W=h ZO^ U~_`<~?
N=+ =i: = ==O`"#\ z^H= XH =O ~*Q}=K
H|_# ^=Òk. PH= "=$`= J=` LO@Ok KK"? Wk _
J\^. J@ ~*Q}=K H|_#C_ JOH~= J#|_ iq` `=#, H
PK^## O^Òk. "= H~}OQ PH= WO` =`"... Jk iq`
"#^... Jx _ J#O\_ K"! x` =#"# D r=_ <#
iq`_# J# =# O^K<_. PH= `# J#O``=# `lOK O_<
iq``= Ok#^x= JQ#@, z^H= _ `# H H
~=#, JYO_`=# `lOKO_< JOH~}WOk# J#q,
`# `< iq``=# PkOKO\Ok!
=$Q`$+ J`. Hh JO^ [= Hx#k H^!
Ou (Illusion) ~=Q Q "#K z^H= `# z^= #O_ =<
=ÒQ q_=_K#k. XH " D `#= W@ LO_Q, =~H" qA#"~
L`= |kx Ok<~. W\ x~xt` |k H =O K` `Q`
" Ja=Y=Q J=Q# =iOKK<~. r" |u <~ ( D r=_
|" Hx, =iOHg H^), ~O YeÔ | (WÔ` W\H, Z\H |"
J~ L#k), JO | (<# |" J~ L<#). `` = (h= |" J~
L<=) -O (<# P |") W`k ="H ~=Q "Ô` G
*#=K, D ^$= J` Jx Z~QK<~. W\ ^$=# `=O^ ~Ò
K"<~. `^~ O~ Q~=# ^\ " x~}^=# O^K<~.
D qÔQ D r= ~O_ "~"~ =~= =$`QK<~.
Uk U"<, "~O` z^H" ~=Q Hey L<~ H^! H#H =#x
u XHiH z^H`=# UH}O# U=`= x HQ@ ^.
4
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
F ~=KO^! XH q+O x~OÔQ H\ <#. "H=# î KQ
J\ "Ô` G" `=, Y^=, J#~}= _! JO^ "~#\ +
"# `~=h ^YJ`== J~ L<~. J\=h J<H q^=#
qH~= H~}=QK<~.
`~=, P`#== - H=O `~G=# P~OKêK"~ ~=~~
~=Q 'P`=# O^H=K#x = JaO. J@ HO_,
#== *_, `K ^=Q H\ OK|_K# ^xx J#iOKK,
L`=Qux O^@ ^_"xH q<#= K~ H LO_^. ''Wk XH Q
Ô`= nxx q[=O`=Q ukOK@ =`" = H O. WO` =`"
`= WOHg q#= q#h= J##k Oz``=#H î fOk.
`= ~^ x~+=, J#==`" J~=#k. '`~= J##k J<H
O^~= 'iq`^$+ J# *_=K kO|_K LO\Ok.

D r=_ ''Wk < LO_QH... Wk <# O^#QH! g~ < "~... "~

`k`~... D s~=#O^ <# L<#... D s~ tk`=K <# tk=Q
K<#... JQ ~=Q "=K kO|_K<_. J\ =#K
n#`=# P~<_. ="H= J~~=# u~i `## `<
^~Q=# =iOKH#K<_. J\"~ ~HOK|_k Z\? "~ O^
~~= U=#k?
N~=_: ^~! J\ D r=x Qu Uq\? W`_ J<H ^M^# i
=H=O^ ` OKi LO_=O^<?
N =+ =i: F ~=! x~`_=# <g^! U L^~ Ki`_` D
=H=# '`$}OQ K_, J\ =`xK = P^ _
~=K |= q_=|_#@Q q_=|_`~. Z=x JO`H~}=#O^ ~
" uHÒ i, L\_` LO@O^ J\"xx WO^_ "^# ^=`
_, `= P^~"# |O_=# H_O@#@ eOz ~HOKO@
LO\~.
<~=, J<~= - F ~"! Z\ ~q` #O^ _ ...
J<~= #O^ "tOKO_@ L`== =! J<~= J=OaOK@
K`< ~= J=$`#O K _ '~= =$`= D ~O_O\h =~
=~ O^K<_.
F u H~}O G 5
F [#~! g~O` ^=# uk# G=# JOKO_.

^=Q "ix qOKO_. = uH x~OH~=# P~OKO_. g
`H = HQÒk. `k`~ r=@ = P` J~HOQ
H\ OK "iO^ [QÒ~H~_, LQ~_ JQ P t=Q"#_ P`
==# HtO*_.
^K~O (Good Conduct) - ^K~=O` =`" P` H`~=#
HtO*H QQK<~. KG=#, ^=# qOK"~ =~
WOH#\H "O^H~=# zH~. J\"iH J==#q _ == J=`
LO\~. ="# P^ `=O`@ `" q~. '==^== "^#
L`= Q}=# P~OK `~+ <~`"#\ '~"`=
aOk. =^=^ L`~`~ [#H~=`x g~O` #=HO Hey
LO_O_. P^` G=# q#@O^#, `=#O^# qHe u Hey
LO_O_. L`= P=#, `=# Hey#"~ '=#+ Jx JxOK
O\~. WH `H#"i QiOz ## J_Q=^. "~ `.
Z=i '=~# J~` W`~ r= $^~=~=# P^~ LO@O^
J\ H~=^= =O\ q`=~O^ H` N=<~}=i x=
LO\~. "~ =`" K_=#k K_@O, O^=#k O^@O [~QÒk.
F [#~! D OzH q+Q= g #O_ P``` =# ^~OQ
LOKK<~. q+` J<H ^~~"# [#~O~ H~}O JQK<~.
''q+= @, ~ u+ "^#"\@ PH HO H^. LzÒ H^.
Q, ^Y^= Jx g~ ^= " H@ rq` Ki`# Kz D ''u
H~}= Q~.
H|\ g JkH~=# J#iOz #OQ =iOKO_.
PK~K g H== Hi xqOK|_# ^K~=# *#~H=Q,
~Q^+~` ^` P~OKO_. U qHO^ ZO`HO 'u Hey LO_,
P qH# JO`HO J LO_O_. H=OQ g JO`H~}= #O_ q^
Q @ =# iQ `yOKHO_. g L`=Q}, =,
== ~~O`= "OK QH! g `=~#K `~+# O`+O*O_.
`= - <#~! `K=# D OzH Q= =$`=`
'JO`= J" H^! P `~"` Qu Uq\ KO_? XH L=#O K`#. H
~zH~OQ H#|_, J~~u" OH~"# Jr~=# HQ*Q ^~=#
6
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
Z=~< ''P Q<~... Q<~ Jx J#O@ uO@O> U=Òk? Ju
`~ ''J! <# ZO^ u<#? Jx `_= =Ok H^! D
JOH~ ==H~= (I & Mine) g HQKQ U=#k KO_?
Z=x O^~ Q}=` =~=#= #O^, q+` #O^ HQ*,
J\"~ D qx `= LxHK P#O^=O K<~. "~ rqOz L#@. WH
`H#"~, =$`. <#~! =#"# "= H, D r=x
Hi D `=~# - ^K~= - L`=`= QiOz# "H KC
K<=. g~O` L`="# `=O^ L^ J=O_. `^#"#
L^==< P~OKO_. Z=~ #~O L^Q~ÒQ `j_`~,
J\"~ "Hkx ZO^ O^~? `H O^`~.
U=~ - z~H= K|_# `=K iH= Ok# =# Q
=H H k, ^x [#= ^$_`~OQ LO\~. JO^K` J=~^=#,
H+=# Kz kQ KO^~^. @^# kQ}H$Ò Ke. Z\ H =
H~ iq<", J\ H =# i^~KH"e. F [#~!
g~O` H=#, =#, H^=#, ~+=# î*~hHO_. ^#^Y
=# P~Oz, `^~ q"# H=# =$^ KHHO_. =~`=, ij<
~`=# P~Oz q+=# q ~A Q_@O Lz`=? eÒQ
D r=_ 'O~= J# JO^=# _ q<#" O^K<_ H^! J<H
^~=O^ P_ LO@# D r=_ 'WOk= J< `` |OkOK
|_#"_, '<# KKK<# J# J#==# =~ =~ O^K<_.
x~}=Q =$`= J<H~ ==QK<_.
''ZO^K`? J< # "= ijeOKO.
''J`_ `# H z^H ~=# U=~K@ K`< Jx H#Q<O.
'O~= J# xa_O^H~O H@q\_`, iJ~# =~= `#
`=# xqOKH=@O =#=_# "_H LzÒ H^. D s~=`
`^`= '< JO`\ "_ _..... =O\ =~ HH J^=^= QuH î
f<x QO|_QH!
'"Ô`=# kOK G= P`== QiOz J<H q uk
<~. ~=# Q~ K<~. D r=x ~=# '=$`= "^#
= #O_ ~H<~. <~`=, x`= J~#\ 'x~u#O^=#
k<~.
F u H~}O G 7
''D OzH rq`= Z\k? J##k XHi xt` |k` ijeOKO_.

WÔ` "qHO L+`=K h~ WOH=KO_Q, qHe ^~O^H" #
|~^ h\x H H rq`= =O\^ Jx qA Q<~. WÔ` ~=
`K" =iOk.
JO^K`< ''$^= #O_ Q# =O^Q ~Ô_ Jx "=
Ki<O. J#~^=# Q= H~ =`" LQ_ ^==#
ZO` H+_ Ok rqOK@ Ug L`=`=#k? H|\, g~ U^k
K<~ JÔ` ''^~= J# J=Q#K H# K LOKO_. F =
~=# "~ H#\ r=~! + |k Hey=# g~O^~ "= =K
KCK# D "H= PHOKO_. "H^=Q G=# J=HOKO_. ''D
H#|_Ô` ~=` H O^~#"! hh" WÔ` J~ Pk<=!
~```=-~`` q^~_= h"!... Jx k# `` x J=HOKO_,
iOKO_, PkOKO_.
K`#=, r=_ ... aO|=, uaO|= - Z\ iz#= x K`#" aO|=. P
K`#O JO`H~}O #O_ q+H~=$Ò^ uaOaOKK#k. J\ z^_
D r=_. ""xH K`#= (H) ^ |=# [#H~ Lk"^#
"\` U=Ò O|OÔ ^. aO|= uaO|= O|O^" '|=
r=_ L# O|O^=. J~`, JO`H~}O uaOaOK z^ uaO|O,
^xH O|OkOz# L^ _ q^~ J~=<~. ~^ ~`
Ja#"# aO|= (H ^ K`#~=`) =`" `"#k.
F a~! ~[#~! D qÔQ `` qK~} KO_. Wk g Oux
HQ*Ok. ''<= ~=K Z^~Q # [Q`, J\ [Q`# xi~=OQ
O^K# JOH~= D ~O_ _ `Q D =~=# H}O< (W\H)
= =~\H LO_= J# =## P~Oz, JO KO_. J@
qOK@K q~ H^q LO_^x =#q K<#. J HO_ '' D
s~" L#k... =iOHq ^... J##\ |kx P~OK~, D =#
`=# O^Q^. ^~Q[#H=, Ju n#= J~# ^#Q$[<^
O|OkOz# Oz`^$+x =Oz, `^~ P`q+O (H) q H
~O q+O Q_x^ =Oz =~=#=# =$^~KO> Z\? n~x^
#O_ =O_. =_`=# `lOz "H=~=#O^ *Q~ HO_. XH J
`\HO =e Z^ = # f=^. '|^H= J# *_=# `
8
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
~HOQ [~OKO_. W\HC_ [~=~}=# JkQqOz# ux
PHqOK@ O^ HO_.
D ^#|O^[#="<^# Kz =i`<~? ^. W=h
J#~^H=Q< i}q<~.''^<^ OÒ KH#@K L`"`="#
O`$ HQÒ^? rq`H = <~"~Ò^?... J< q+ W\H ZO`
^#=O` L#"i =#H u Q`# `^$+` ije zOKO_.
Q= =~QH~H= JQK<~. O^h q`< HQ*<~.
"\x g~ U qÔQ# PîOK<~, JC_ "\x g~ [~Oz "#>.
J ^<^ ''g~ rqOzO_@ J# H~H==# H " L<?
JO^H~H |`K<~? Jq q=# x[OQ ~HOKQ"? `# OkOz#
^<^# `# =~}#O`~O `# "O@ f~# "i<=i<< g~ KK~?
a_~! WÔ` JqK~} K`< q=# D qÔQ qO*O^x q Q~
K<#.
qK~}, q+} - H#H q~ "O@< qK~}~ HO_. `k`~ [#,
} Jq~^=Q ==i, q |kx xtÒ K< Ò
LO_O_. G=#, tK~=# J#iOz `~# J#+OKO_.
`=# O^@ =^# LO_O_.
L`= PK~}, q` =#, xt` |k D =_ q $` ~KO@#"~
^#. "~ Ju HO ''D OzH Y= H=O ^Y^= Jx
QOKQQK<~. G~O H\ OK|_# ^ J#=*#=# "~
J#^QiÒQ Q<~. `"q\ "iH èÒk.
J\"i , P+, Q}= "^#=h H= QÔ
J=K<~. J\ `" "= t+ #O_ H~H# [#=x H\ <#.

2. JO=O ... Hx `HO!

N =+ =i: F ~=KO^! =#O W\=~ [Q` H Lù QiOz
qKiOK= H^! WH =#O 'uH~}O "t<=. Wk qO>, JLO>
- `H =Q "H= K~Q^. ^Q q#.
XHi HÒ H~}OH ÒyKz, P =O^ ^=.
F u H~}O G 9
W\=~ J<H K, < x~OK ''<#h= "^# `=`

_ D ^$ [Q` PH~~`=, #=, Ou =`=, J`== Jx
=#O KC<O. Wk h= +HiOK<=< J#O@<#.
HO^~ =*#Q ^, qH}"# D [Q`# K=`~OQ H#|_ XH
z`@O` LO\~. J~`, D '[Q` J< z` @=# z`H~_O@
Z=~ ~. J#Q, nxH 'H~ JO@ Z=~ ~. `= O_... OK
~OQz` H~_ O_ D '[Q` J< zÒ |O_OQ Ok.
N~=_ : J^q\ g! z`H~_ O_ z`@O LO_@"q\?
N =+ =i : J=# JO^ " =# ^$O`=. ^+ `#
=# ~zOKH#K<_ H^! J\ ^+ P O qQOQ L<_?
=# P= L<_? O J`x HO> "~#^? JO^x ==~=O` J`x
WK H x~"<? H^? UO KQO? D [Q` zÒ _ ^+ ~Ò
(J#Q ^$=# KK"_ ^$= LO_^). x^=iÒ, J#=~O JQ
XH n~"# OQ 'PHO L^~Ok. ''q+` Z\H
U~_=K#@# #Q~Ox g^ q~=# WC_ "@O J#
J#=OQ z`= #O^ Pq~=O O^Òk. XH K=`~"# ^$OÒ
K`#. Hx H` XH ~A Hx Q~qO^yO[# `z XHK@ @.
ZO^H `? JOê Z~# Kz ''Wk Jy. JO^K` =#O KeHKH=K
Jx qOz, LOu O^\xH! "\H P Q~qO^yO[# K#O`
x[OQ< KeHKO@#\ J#=O HQ` L#^@!
P qÔQ< J`, J~~Ò J~#\H, D [Q` 'J~^HO JQK#k.
[Ox P=~O ''[O HO> "~ Jx J#Q=? D [Q` _ |O HO>
a#O H^. Hx, a#OQ `K@ =Ò [~QÒk. D H#|_ '[QzÒ ^
=Q ~=` J~, =~H"Q PHOx hÒ = LxHx O^Òk.
~`= =^ H~}== =#O U^ K=`~"# '^$OQ
H#|_Òk. D ^$= _ ^+ H $^=< K=`~OQ ~
kÔ\Ok.
=$Q`$+x [OQ, WÔ` J`" LO_ _ Ò = J#==Òk.
XH_ ''`#H ^$_n~f= OH= (Zone of Visualisation) #O^ KK
=#= =... WÔ` _ q~" Ok. J~` UO? ""xH
J^" (actually not existant) J~=#k.
10
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
XH HqK HeOK|_# H^x `, ^=, O@# ~xH ''P!
J! J#~OQ P~O`+^YH^# Hey LO\~ KK"?
WÔ` _ J> H<=` ~O Hey#k.
O K_|_# ~Ò ~"=#k? ^. Hh, =O Jk
^$_OQ< Ok H^! WÔ` _, J>, `H~=# "QO^K#k.
"= PH=# H" PHO H#|_O_, H=O JO` "=O
Q< LO@Ok KK"? D [Q^$= _ P` `# H"#^ LO\Ok.
WÔ` JHOQ OK\xH H~}O *#= H J=".
=x O^~` U~_ =Q=O Q WH_ XHiHHiH O|O^
O^==, J=, Y^Y= U~_K<~. WÔ`
x~~H", "z`", '[Q` J# ~` U~_ LO\Ok.
=<~[= H 'J#`= = WÔ` J`=, J== J~ L#k.
zÒx H==# "# LO@O^? D ^$ q+O _ JO`.
J#Ò =<~[ q"`="=" I
z` ^H~ W= ~ OQ^ =i`" II
'H<=O=`" J~=O_ _ WÔ` #=#O^ qHt`", J<H
q^=# =~#` XCK#k.
'Wk =`" nx PH$u Jx KQeQ^n WH_H_ ^. H#H WÔ`
q^~".
ZO^K` D [Q` Ok?
''~=~ qK~} #O`=~ =`" D [Q` W@ J<H ` O@#
Hey# ^x = =i Òk. ZC_` '~=` QiOz kK~}
K"... =~H}O, WÔ` +Oz, '~#== #O^ ~OzÒk.
JÒ` JO="#\H, `H" `KKO_@ D [Q` H K=`~O!

3. [Q` qq^ x~K#=

[= U~_# |^^= (Bubbles) H PH~O He`"#^ H^! O>
[= |^^=Q =~ KO^K#^? ^. z=~ WÔ` #"
J~#\H n~= H=O`= J~# s~O Hey LO\Ok.
N~=_ : Ò_ D [Q` HO` =<~`= _ =# H#|_Òk H^?
F u H~}O G 11
N =+ =i : x[". Hx, 'n~ ^$+, `` qK~} H=@K`< Wk

== D r=x ^$+H '=<~OQ HxOK@O [~QÒk. '=<~=
Jx =~=#O K|_K# J<H q+= (==~=) i}=O J<H
O^~= 'H@ Ô (Soarness), ^Y ÔQ< LO\Ok. [## =~}=`
_#^, r=# qO*@ D [Q`# qOz#^=#k? ijeOz,
QOK@O [iy` =Ò, D [QzÒ 'Uq ^ Jx è=Ok. '~OQ
"#= J~#\ z`@O x["# ~_, HO_, LO\? LO_=.
Hh, L#@ P z`@O KK HO^~ H P J#ux O^K<~!
qq^ GH~ D [Q`# ~H~HQ x~zOKK<~.
OY - WÔ` H=O [_`HO.
"Ô` - WÔ` Jq^~".
^~"^ - WÔ` H#Q}OQ ~=}= ''H~Hq_=@ J#
HK U~_Òk. H#H WÔ` ~~Ò. <=~Ò.
H}^Q`= - nxH ''Wk J#|_ xu Un ^. un Z\HC_
=~H ~O`~O KO^Òk. H#H D [Q` ^. ~=}= =Ò L<~.
W=h x[" H=K ^ HH=K. Uk U"<, D ^+ H JO`~OQ=
=@ Uq\? D KK, QOK, J~= KH# ^+ Z=~? D ^+ H "=
~O Uq\? Z\k?
JO`~ <O - XH_ [Q`# U JaO` J=Q#
KO\_ JO`~OQ=# `# ~= QiOz J\ J=Q# Hey LO\_.
[Q` QiOz# <" JO`~OQ=# _ =i LO@Ok. JO^K`,
''<K, ^$+K K_|_K# D `k`~ r= uH=` s~ H^....
J# J=Q# H" ~= QiOz# B#`=# ^$gHiOKQ^.
''<# OK`=_#. s~ iq`_# J# J#=O D r=#
`HOQ LO_LO_=KQH! Hx, ^~xH W`_ uH ^~~`_. (He is never
bound by physical barriers) PH~= x"_. "x ~= XH xK~x =, pH\
H^K#@ =K HxOK ~ = Pq~qOk. D ~^

J"==. D q+O =Q"#, =#`"# J=Q#K =`" J~",
J#==QK#k.
""xH D r=_ ~~`_.

12
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
4. c[=JO~=|=[Q`
N~=_ : ''XH q`#= ==$H= H ==h x^}OQ ^y
=<~ H^! J\Q '=O =O D [Q^$=O` ~=Ò^
LO_ LO\Ok. =~ $+HO P ~=` #O_ L`#" i_qÒk... Jx
=# `x Hx ` "H KCK<~. J~`, ~=` x~H~_x,
xOQ_x, [Q^`_x q~ ukOK~. =i D ~O_ Ja, O`#
Z\ U~_Òk? = O D [Q` '`` _#^ `# H~}= #O^
~Oz LO\Ok. WO`< ZC_ q[$OaOz |~`=Òk. =~ P H~}=
#O^ ~OK=K#k Jx HOî Ja" #k H^! J@ qOK"~
q ^$+ *#? J*#? = J#=<h `Q< LÔ` q=#
W@ t<#. D q+O q Ja"q\ K~#.
N=+ =i : q`#O 'JOiOK@O J< =O ^y=#@, =
=O `` _# ~=Ò^ D [Q` ^y =O\Ok, J<k x~kH"#
Ò H^x, =i Jk =^=~Ox Ja"#x "= J#O@<O.
ZO^K`#O\"? Wk h= QOK\xH hHH H K`#. q#.
PÒ^ '[Q` J#|_k U^< J L#^?
''LùH =O^ H~}= #O^ H~= LO_ LO@Ok Jx KC"ix XH z#
"Ô. J\ H~}= #O^ H~= (J#Q, |= #O^ [Q`)... U
~O LO\Ok?
1. `...? ''` ~OQ LO\O^? (H)
2. O~O...? x^}"# 'O~O ~O LO\O^?
^$O`xH, q` q+` H@# H ==$HO, P, H Q!
Qe, h~ `QQ< q` "H`#@Q<... U^< i`K` PÒ^ [Q`
H\ `=QK#^? (H)
3. =i WOHH `ÒQ ? PÒ^ P` "~#\ =~H `ÒQ LO_ LO^?
L^: c[= #O^, P c[= HO> "~# JO~= L#@.

^= "-^=Q J` : D [Q` "@"^@ ~=` O^ L#k "^"HO
F u H~}O G 13
XH q`#O `y# <<, Qeh~ a L#C_ "H`K#k J\

HO_, P q`# Hi# t#<, H, <@O_ =~H_ LOz` "H`Ò^?
^. =i, ~=Ò^ D [Q` Z\ L^qOk? ''U ~=O`"# <, h~,
Qe "^# H~}=K [Q` H Pq~=O ^_Òk? XH" U^
Hi H~}= L<< J#OÔ. P H~}= H~ Z=~?
~=`<? =~=~<<?
=~H ? XH c[=# LO_ LO@# ''` =#" ~==O^ _
LO_ L#k H^! =i XH q`#=# W#= LOz#_ _ "=@O [~Qe
H^? J\ "O^? ^! ~=Ò^ U J# K D [Q`
L^qOk? U u =O^ Wk L^qOK^?
~=` kf=? Jkf=?
h... ''c[= "~. JO~` ("K@ J# ^~= x~iOK `` =) "~.
'c[= J# ^x O^ 'JO~= J#|_ "~H ^~= H `` = H
'=` L#k. P qÔQ< ~=` "~... [Q` "~. Hh, D [Q`
~=Ò^ L#k... Jx J#=K<? JC_ c[= JO~= O|O^=,
=i, P` [Q` O|O^= D ~O_ _ =G= O_=O\ "~ "~
== O|O^= =O\^ J=Òk. ''~=` O^ [Q` "~Q L#k Jx
J#^KO>, ~=` kf"#k H^h, Jk JkfO H^h...
x~~OK==Ok...!
N~=_: J\ J#= H^! J\ JO> ''~=` "~#^n ^, Jkf_.
=i ~=` =~`= J# L "^= JaxH OQO =Ok.
P `~"` WOH J<H =^< x _ L^~~.
N=+_: J=#. h= J#k "=". ''q`#= HO> JO~= "~#k, J> [Q`
"~. ~=` "~... JO^=O> "\ PÔ` H~, Pq~= u~"
H~, P ~O_O\H O|OÔ HQ*K# =~H^x H~ "`He. Q, h=
K#@... 'JkfO J# "^" u~iOK|_#> J=Òk.
c[=-JO~= <= ~=`-[Q` <= -
=_ Ô` =# =O^ L<~.
1. P` K` [Q`...! (''=#`K J=#=Q JO~^ HQK#@)
x+=Q P`K [Q` xiOK|_@O
14
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
2. PÒ^ [Q`...! (JO~= ''c[` ~=# L#@) [_[Q`
J[_=Q ~=` O^ LO_@O
3. P` [Q`...! (JO~" c[= ~=#, =$H= ~=# L#@)
~=` [Q` ~=#, J<H`= =Oz LO_@O.
D =_O\ HO` O H#|_Òk.
''H~= '` ~=# `# H~}= #O^ LO_ LO@Ok (The effect that is
manifesting here was earlier hiding in its cause) J# ^ "=O H^. ''[Q` |O
#O^ XHC_ LO_ WC_ |_K#k J<k iH^. ''Q=O`x O^ D

[Q` H^ J< ^ qs` =# Jx J#H `^. W\ ^ K"_x, q<
"_x _ "O =OKÒk.
KK" ~=! =~ KCK<#. '' =O D [Q` `~=Q
~=Ò^ ^y L#k. c[O JO~OQ ~=` D [Q` L#k...
J##Ô` J#z`"#x = JaO. J\ L=# ^$O`= _# ~#
P~, J\ |k Ou~=< O^Òk.ZO^HO\""? c[O WOk
QKiOk. HO\H H#|_Òk. J\Q ^xOê JO~=, P, , ,
H _ H H#|_K<~. Hx ~=` q+"?
~=` =# WOk= Jf`_ H^! =# ~Oz#C_ =`"
'~=` H J#=O J=Òk. Ju H =, O HH=, JOQ=
J~# ~=` =, H~H~} [x`= (something that is bound by cause and
effect) J~#\ D |O_=, WOê ^~= c["\ J=`_?
J PH= HO> _ (more subtle than even space), "x\H

Jf`_, <=~ ~`_# ~=` O^ ''[Q` J#|_ c["\ OqOk?
~=` ^ UH~" `~" LO\_ H^! J`_ Ju _. H|>
^$+Q J*# J#==# 'J`_ JQ== J~ LO@<_.
HO^~ ^+ `=H ^$+ K`<, ''D [Q` XHC_ XH ~=#
~=` O^ H^ Jx îOK@O [~QÒk. |k H `= KO^Q,
`èÒQ D [Q` H = `yÒk. =# P~OK@K`< U~_
LO_ LO@# [Q` = '~ù `Q x^ JQK#k.
~=` O^ c[`"K@? c[" x K@ JO~O ZK@?
PH= HO> x~", J*# ^$+O^ #==O\^ LO@#\ ~=
^=# [Q`Qx, [Q`^~= Qx Z\ LO\~? ~=` O^ ^$
F u H~}O G 15
=#=Q J==" ^! WH JO^ |O_= J#|_ == ZH_ LO_ Q^?

XH" LO>, Jk ZH_ #O_ =zO^ =# ZO^ aOK@ ^? ~" #\
^x O^ U ^~"< Z\ =z K~Òk? ZH_ #O_ =Ok? #O Oz
~` =?
PH~ ~`=Q ~=` O^ Un LO_*^. D 'r=_ J#|_"_ _
^-~^ x~H~_Qx, H~_ H<H^.
N~=KO^_ : =s! '|=[Q`... Wq ~O_ ^~=# =. UH`
~=#< L<~ Jx J#=K?
N=+ =i : z`~=Q ~=`, [_~=Q [Q` UH`"\
\Q^? XH =]q` XH PH~= Hey L#k. 'JO^ JO~= H^
JO> XCH=K. JO`Hx, 'x~H~=Q ~=Ò^ qH~=Q D [Q`
L#k J##k JOQ`" H^!
'=O D [Q` '` ~=# ~=Ò^ L#k J#
ÔÒ HOîK ukOK|_Òk. J~` WH_ ~O_
1. P qÔQ HH =}=K x~<=? H
2. u "H=# (L^: ^="-^=Q J`) J#iOz J\ x~xH
=<=?
D ~O_ q^#=# =#O q=iOK=K.
HH =}= ^$ - =#O D ^$=# K<O. ^x O`? '|k
"^QQ D = WOk O K`< H^? D |k, WOkK,
"\x J#iOz J#== ^~*O 'WOkfùH O|OkOKx^
J=Òk H^?
''D ^~= O ~Oz~, =~ P `~"` L^q<~. -
Jx WOHH JaO.
Q< L#k Hh, Jq |k =$`# J#iOz XHiH XH qÔQ, =~HiH
=~H qÔQ (JOÔQ#=#OQ#, W+OQ#J~+OQ#, =YOQ#
OQ#....) `KKO_=# <=#k? '`H=J#=#= J#|_
P |k =$`K ^~#= "~ "~Q qÒ ZO^ J=Òk?
D ^$= XHC_ HxOk. =~HC_ O_ Òk. XHC_ LO_,
=~HC_ O_ k "="\ J=Òk? HH =}=O^ =Q"#
J=Q# L# ~ D q+O Q< L<~.
16
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
ZO^K`#O>...
U ^$= *Q` K<", Jk =O U~_ LO_@ ^.
=O =~H ~OQ= U~_ LO\Ok.
u "H= ^$ - ''Wk ~=Ò^ L#^ i_qÒk. Jx H^
u H JaO! (^="-^=Q J`)# J#iOz 'H~=
H~}= ~O_ "~# ` =x è=Ok. = LÔ H~O D "HO
... UH""kfO | H=O Jkf=Q |= XH> L#k ... J#
"H=# Q J~O J< HxH =~=ÔQ JOkOK|_# =^=~"H" Qx
JO^ "~# ÔÒ =Ò H^.
H~ H~} O|O^= - WH_ OY Ô`= H#|_ XH JaO
QiOz K`#, q#.
H~" (^$=) `=? - "H=# J#iOz H~" `" J\
H~`" H~}`=Q ~OkOKK#^? H
H~}" (^+) `=? - ''H~}" `", P H~}" H~= #O^
P~OK|_K#k J<? H
H~ H~}= P= L#\ ~=` `=? - ~=` `", J^x
` H~H~}=O^ P~OK|_K#^?
D =_ # OY Ô` Q ìOz qKiOK~. z=iH W
x~~O|_#k-
H~`" XH<HC_ H~}`= O^Òk.
(J#Q |" XH<HC_ [Q`Q i}qOk.)
=~ =~HC_ P H~}`=O` H~`=< ~Ok.(=~ D [Q`
=~HC_ |=#O^ ~Ok?)
WH = JaO q# - P '^ = HO` Ou H#|_Òk.
''"K~O", qH~ <=^" J#@Q =\=# Hey# ''O_Q_...W=h
H=O ~ =`" "~ "~Q L<~. '=\Q_ J##k =\HO> "~? =\Q_
J=@O, O_ J=@O ZH_#k? =\ Q_Q U~_=# H~}" LO_^ H^!
|=#O^ H~}" q^. H~}" q^ J~#C_ H~= _ q^ H^!
|= #O^ [Q` U~_\xH U Hi H~}O aOK@ ^.
H~}" J`"# K@ WH H~= L`#OH*^.
F u H~}O G 17
''`=Q H~}= H~`=# O^KK#k ... |" [Q`Q

i}qOk ... J##k PÒuH `= H*^. JO^K`
^=Q ~=` O^ H~H~}= U H}O _ =. J^x `
O^ ''H~ H~}= P~OK|_K<~. `^#O`~O, *Q`Q = O^
= îOK|_Òk.
D J=Q# r=x `# ``= " x``= " #_O^x =
JaO. P~} |k H~}OQ PÒ^ D [Q` H H~}=, [Q`
J#|_ H~= J=Q"# J=Q# H"iH H#|_K#k.
''D [Q` ~=` #O_ Pq~qOk J< =@ t+ kOK@ H~H
Q~=K HeOK|_# XH =^ =~ q^#OQ<, H JO~"# J=Q#
K`< U~_K#k. JÔ` q^ =`"...! JO^K` ''D [Q` J#|_ XH<H\
U~_Ok J< J`` =# h #O_ `yOz "~. [Q^=# `lOz"
|_QH! JC_ ''Pk=Ô` ~`=, `~= JQ ~=` +Ok.
Jk h H "= ~O. '^xH qOz "~Q ZH_ Un ('[Q` J<
~`) < ^ Jx QOK.

5. D [Q` H~ Z=~?
N=+ =i : F ~=KO^! ~^ `H#|_=# ="# P`#
Z~Q@ +_=. WC_ '' =O D~x O^ D~xHO> "~#
[Q` L#^#@ ^+H= Jx x~OK=K<#. q#.

$+ LO> [Q` LO@Ok. =i [Q` H`...? $+ LO_*^ H^! ''Lù
J< H, H~ LO>< ^_Òk.
D [Q` H~ Z=~? - XH" ''^=Q ~|" [Q` H~ Jx
JO\=#H... JC_`# H~ $` , H $`= H"_`_. D [Q` XHC_
LO_@O, =~HC_ H=@O (L^ : *Q` +) JOîH J#=" H^!
[Q`# $+# H~# $+OKK# "~H '=H~ LO_ LO_e.
(D [Q`# Z=~ $+OKK<_x J#O>, P =Hx $+OKK#^=~? J#
L^~Ok)
18
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
'Hx @=Q ~|=# H~ _ J##k "^=K#O. |= Lù
~`"#k. Lù J#|_ H x ~|=#O^ '[Q` H `
= =O ([Q` ~`"# uO^) Z@, ZK@, ^y LO_Q^?
H<~`"# z^H= #O^ 'H~# QiOz H# K#O>, P H~#
$+OK#\ Hi H~}= Uq\ _ =#O QiOKQQe.
|" H~? |= ~^ 'JH~ H^!
J U Hi H~} O_ [Q` `#O`@ `< |= #O^ Lù
O^K#^? h~, Qe, < =O\ Hi H~} O_ q`#O ZH_<
"H`Ò^? 'Q_e ~O_= `~ Q_k J<k Z\ U~_Q^? J@
Z=_, ZH_, Un QOKKO_@ ^ H^?
~ ~A Ou - H#H, 'Hi H~}= O_ Z=iH< U^< HxO>,
Jk ''`_ H#|_ = =O\k Jx J#H `^.
`_ =Q HxOK@O `_ ` L#^? L#k.
`_ =Q =Q JQK#^? ^.
=Q H#|_=## WK `_ Hey#^? - ^.
^+ J@ `_#O^ =# P~OKK<_? - J=#.
^+ ''=# KK^#QH J# WK Hey<_?J@x J#=. Hh,
J`x O~= `_# =Q KK@ `~"#H #O_ `H H~}
JQK<x J#=K. J~#\H, `_ O> = iOK^ H^ H^! =
`_< P~OKHx#^? J=#. Hh, = J#|_#k "^ ^H^! D
'= J##k W`~O `_#O^ ^y =#^? x = `_ ^y LO_@
"q\? D = `_ H< "~? H^. Wk '~~A Ou.

$ k O^ D ''[Q` H ''$+ ~=# |" `#O^ u Ok

LO\Ok. P |O W\H ($+ =O _) PH~~`", `# ~O
#O^ ~^ <Hx LO\Ok. J\ |=#O^ =i ''Wk [xOK#k. Wk
[xO*#k J# ^"H_k KC? J\ ==# K> ^.
J\ HO_, = #O^ '[Q` J#|_^x LxHx JOwHiOK=#H...
JC_ ''|= L#\ '[Q` `, [Q`Q i}=O KO^\xH, ZH_ #O_
Hi H~} =z K~`<~ Jx J#= LO@Ok. (JO> ''|=#
"~Q "~HK@ U^ L#k. JH_ #O_ D Hi H~} |^~K<~
F u H~}O G 19
J<e.) J\ J#= H^? |=# =O@ Un ^x '"^^+ H

J#=O H^!
N~=_ : =\ O_ H=_xH =i KHO, =i"_ Hi H~}. J\Q
|OQ~ P~}O H=\xH Heq, qq^ PH~=` _# `, HOe
Hi H~}. WH_ Hi H~} = #O_ =<~. J~`,
|= #O^ [Q` L^qOK\xH H~}=QK# P Hi H~} ''|=
#O_ =<~ Jx J#=K H^?
N=+ =i : J\ J~` ... |=[Q` ` Hi H~} ... W=h XH
|" J~=<x x~OK|_K#> H^!
|" J~=# D [Q` |" H~}OQ |=#O^ iOKK, =~
|=#O^ b#=QK#k - J# =K#=# J~=QK#k.
N~=_ : q~ Kk "=" q! ''= H$u` _Hx# ~=`
O^ Hi H~}`"# D [Q` u~`" (having been withdrawn) x|
JH\ ` ~=# LO\Ok Jx K|_Ô` z# KCH<^ Hx, |k
=O` J@ QOK~x WC_ XCO@<#.
N=+ =i: KK"? ~=? nxx |\ `^q\? D [Q` `"# ~
=O@ Un HeyO_^. HeyO_@ ^. HeyO_=@ ^. ^=Q
z^H" =<=ÒK` jOQ `#O^ D '[Q` J#=O J# ~=#
qHOKK#k. ZC_` D qÔQ qK~}K [Q` H J=" kO^
JC_Ô` |" J=Òk Hx, =iOHq H^.

6. ~}q~}
D |= ''`## `# iOKK#C_ (~=Q Z~QK#C_)
|#=" O^Òk. JC_H [Q` H J#=O LO_@^. `## `#
qiOz#C_, D [Q`x J<H`=# P~Oz LO\Ok. [QÒ|O^"#
O~= =O K` WOk=K O^|_K#^ '[Q`Q K|_Òk.
`## `# JO`\ îOK#\ J#=" |#=O =!
=\H ~O ^. Hx O_ ~O L#k. O_ =\ HO> "~#k H^.
'~= O^@ J# K=`~O =\ O^ ~^ LO_ L#k. J^ |O
#O^ Q zKH. O_ ye#C_ =\=\ JQK#k.
20
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
N~=_ : JO>, D r=_ Q_ x^~=_ J~#C_, H =~}Oz#C_
[Q` H ~`=# J#qOKK<_ H^. O_ye` =\ JQK#@ D
r=_ ^= `y#C_ ~|" JQK<_?
N=+ =i : ^. Jk i H^. D r=_ Q_x^~=_#C_, H
=~}Oz#C_ D ^~ ==~= J`x <`= QKiOKH=K. JO`
=Ò K` [Q` O~O z`=#O^ 'x=$u KO^^ =! D z`= =~
`î s~=# `#Oê '=##`= J# H~}OK` O^` `<
L#k. OH=OK`< JÔ` OK@O [~QÒk. J#Q =~}#O`~O _
D r=_ ^~ i`"# [Q`# î `< L<_. F ~=! ''D ^$=#
O^@ J#|_#k s~`< ~O=QK#^x J#HO@<"? ^. J>
s~= #tOz# =Ò K` z`= qOK@ ^. Jb ^$=# W@ K#k
Z=~? s~=? z`=?... z`" K#k Qx, s~= H^ =!
'zÒ JO> Uq\?... ''H=H~ O|OkOz# "# H c[" zÒ.
^$ =#= JO> J\ c[= (zÒ) qOK@.
JO`Qx, '^$= qOK@ JO> '^~= `yOK@ - Jx H^ =!
^~= H \#O` =ÒK` '^$+ =# `Q`x J#O.
^~= q Uq qOK#>. z`= qOK@" x["# ==. *#=
H` z`= qOK^. zÒ qOKH` ^$O LO_ f~Òk. H#H ~=!
''^$O <O__^ Jx qOz, ~*^# `lOz#O`=ÒK` UO O?
z`= O~=$` L#O`=~ ^$#=O ^suQ LO_< LO@Ok.
''=# J*#= LO_ L#k Jx QiOK|_e. J\ = J*#O
ÒQ =## O~OQ JkQqOz"e.
J^ (H, JC_) "HO. JO> '^$ =< J#~=# OH~O*@" "HO.
XH_ `#x J*#~H"# ^~ O~=# Z^~O_, ''D [Q`
O U=Òk? #O`~O ZH_ #O_ =Ok? Jx "^"^=
Zx [# =~ K< =# aOK^q LO_^. Uk `Q ^ ''Jk ^ J#
*#" =HH ^#= Qx, ''L#@ ZO` HO LO@Ok? x^}OQ =~O` H
=O@Ok? Jx x~QOQ HO =$^ KH=^x `<+OîH =
=#q. ''^~= LO_=K, O_=K. D ~O_O\O^ J^" ~^ Ò.
H|\ < zÒ #O_ '^~=# iOK@O `yOz, |=# iOK@O`
xO"# Jx H = HeyO_, P `~"` Uk Z@ Lz`" J> PKiOK.
F u H~}O G 21
'J*#= J#|_ *_=# ''P` H`~= J##^ B+Ô. P`

H`~=K ''z^H= J#|_ ~=Q Ô HQÒk. J#Q, ''D
[QÒ` z<`=Q |" J~ L#k. z# ~= HxÔ@ O _
ZH_ ^ J# *#O iH` O^Òk. ''W`x ~ Wk, g~ < "~, Wq
<q, <# \#, KK#... J# = $Ô` ~OQ= LO_*=.
XH Q_ zuOK|_# z`= "==? JO^ H#|_ e, =#+
"^#q # ""O HeyOK=K<"! Q_ zuOK|_# H^ zÒx
O@## Kz ^dOK@O JA ==~"H^! Q_ z`=` '`^`=
`y` 'Q_ H J#== =`" kOK#@, P`*<#=O =iOK
"iH D [Q` JO` _ ''`#H =~H ~O Q#, ''H"# ^~#
K=`~O Q# QKiOK@O [~QÒk.
z`H^ <= -
1. Q_ zuOK|_# XH H^ ^$O.
2. Q_
3. P Q_#, P ~OQ H^ ^$=# K#"_
D =_O\ O|O^=< 'z`H^<O Jx JO@ LO\=. D H#|_
~`, =, =~, H=, [#, =~}= "^#=h z`H^
<=# J#iOK L<~. J> H=H=, D $+, "^"[=
K|_# ''$ k ($+ H P~O=) "^#=h _ =! JO` H^. D
PH^ $+ H==, H@ Hk |O_=, ` q+` =~=#=x
O|O^ O^==, ^=` =#+, K`~ =#=, n= ...
W=h z`H^<=# J#iOK L<~. W=h J^$+H "==Q#,
Lk ~O~ ^$ ÒQ#, P` ^$ =Q# <~. J#Q
W=h ''D r=_ J#|_ ^+H ~" J~=# '~` J# Q_
zuOK|_# z`H^ =O\k.
P` g@x\` O|O^= <^. P` O^ Wq =.
N~=_ : =i W=h ZO^ H#|_K<~?
N=+ =i : h= P`^$+x ^$_HiOKHH =@K`< '[Q^$+ J##k U~_
LO\Ok. J\ [Q^$+H J"==Q W=h ^$=#=`<~.
# K# ^$ ==~=O` P=~} ~`".
XH `=# H\ <#, q#.
22
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
J#O`=Q z^H=# U z`~= LO_ L#^ Jk W`~O Z@#^,
WC_ _ J> iOKK#k.
'H\ H Oz ~H~} QkH i LO>, P H~} H#|_
iz#=# ~=}=x\# HtOK ~HOu XH> H^! D ~
^~= '=K`#= H == J~=<~.
J~` Q_ z`=#, D [Q` XH ^= L#k.
Q_ zÒ H~"#k. D $+, ~~`=.
=#K 'aÒ JQK# K`#= `#Oê z`K=`~"#\ D
[Q^=O` =##= KK (J#Q, =# KK) J#qOKK#k.
=~HC_ Jk =##=# Jf`"# `# ~=Q P`==`
'UH== O^K#k.
'z`=x H^# KK"_ 'Q_#, 'Q_# KK"_ 'z`= x
O@## K_~ H^! K`#" ~=QQ D r=_ P`# U=~z LO_
#C_ [Q`# QOKK<_. J@ [Q`# QOK@ ~OaOK@ 'H~OO.
''[Q` ~Ò J# J#=" ''HOÒ ^ [Q^Ò.
'^$+ H ^+O K` XHxH ^ '\ Ht O^ U"" ~Y K#~ÒQ
L#@ Hx LO\~. P`H "="# ~=#O^ D |O_=
L`#=Q@ ^. #tOK@^. Jq =K@ ^,=@ ^. x~H~=Q 'PHO
#O^ 'x~H~" J~=# 'PH qQ= L#@ x~=Q P` O^,
P` ~=Q Q D $+h iOKK<~.
h\ O^ ^=`=, "= #O^ K#=, =^= #O^ H~@=,
Q}=O`x O^ Q}= L#> PÒ^ D [Q` LO\Ok. O`=,
UH~=, q*##= J~#\ |" =` 'Lù <#= J#
==~=Q _Hx# D [Q` ~=# ""#k.
N~=_ : q! D '[Q` P`#O_ L^qO^##k q~ XCO@<~
H^? H Wq H$u #O_ L`#=`<?
N =+ =i : P`#O_ U^< L`#O H=\xH Hi H~}=<k Un
aOK@ ^x =#O KC<O H^! JO^K` ''[Q` P` #O_
L`#=Òk ''H$u #O_ P` ~=Q Q D [Q` L^~<~.
"^# "h z z "H, =^=~ "HQx, '~~"H H=.
F u H~}O G 23
P` #O_ Un L^qOK@^. OH=K P K`#" [Q^$+ HeyO_,

`# ~=< W@ [Q`Q QOKK#k.
<<! ~"! WC_ KC# Wx "H= ~"q\ =~Hi
qH q=i#. D OH "H q# -
1. x`k` ~O - h= ~^ x`^ ~=Q K`#=" Qx D
[_^== H^. h= =#Q i}qOK@^. J#Q, ~ == P=
~=#O^ ~^ LO_ L<=.
2. ~=# =O^Q<...! ~ H# =O^ L# ^ ~=" h=.
H<~=Q HOH=g h @ LO_*=. JO^K` W\HC_ ~"^#
`lOz xtO`_" LO_.
3. ^=Q#, xOQ= JO - ~=` `Q D ^$==
O|OkOz# qH=h h#O_ | _K<~. H#H, J\ qH=h
''^=Q# xOQ= O` `yOKH.
4. ~O *Q~_= H=@O - 'Jq^ J#|_ n~"# Q_x^ #O_
"H. h H ~=H ~=# QOz O`_= H=.
5. *#=# *# =~# P~OK@O - x~_" P`*#=# P~
*Q$u O^.
6. ''~=#O^ ##, <O^ ~=# QOK@O - ''|q` =_"
"QO^=. Jx ^==# `lOz"~. ~=# hO^, x# ~=
#O^ QOKKO_. JC_ h LxH, OK~O D =O_=# ''+Ò KQ^.

7. $u
N~=_ : F =hO^! q~ ==# L`"`="# =#"H #_OK
K<~. K O`+O. WC_ <^H OÔ.
=HO`=, $k - =HO`= `~"`, $ kO^, ^=
*u (|) ' $u H ''O~O ~=Q HeyO_, [xOKK<_x <#
J#O@<#. J\ P *u H $u H =# D *Q` ~=#
L`#=QK#k H^? JO`#O\~?
N =+ =i : J=#. h= K#@ ''=O QuOz# `~"` =~
''$ k O^ ^= *u ' $u ~=#< L`#=QK<_. H#H
24
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
'' $u O^ D [Q` Ok. J#Q, $u O^ D [Q` H J#=O
OH~=# u Hey#k.
J~`, =\` Hx = `~#H... '=\ PH~=Q
=~K#k J# =K<? P` $u ~=# O^@O LO@O^? XH =
=$H=# KOz, 'nx " PHO L<~. P =Ò WH_ K~H
JO^`<~ J#@O ZO` J=O[" Jn JO`.
~=` O^ $u ^. '[# "^# qH~= =.
' $u [# H~}O J<k =^=~"HO =`". D "HO, 'r=_
P`~_ H#H [#~`_ J# "H ~O_ XHi X#Q_K<~. ''#n
[O`\H[O[O ''=xO_x =\ =\ X#Q_K#> P ~O_
U~_K<~.
N~=_ : q! 'O JO> u ~A D r=_ J#qOK '+ =O\^
H^! =#=O^~O ~u@ Q_x^ J#q<O. =~ "#_ ~
$`h ^`ÔQ LO_ LO@<~.
J\Q $ kO^ *u `#O^ $u Hey LO@<_ Jx J#=K
H^! '= = H | "= H~}OQ ~H=x O~=
K [xOz# $u JO` #tOk Jx HO^~ JaO "e|K`<~. J\
ZO^ J#H"e? Q_x^ Q =O _ [Q` O|OkOz#
$` ^y LO\x J#H=K#O\~?
N =+ =i : ''D [# O|OkOz#"_# =`" <# J# ^$_"#
JOH~= H"_ 'r=_
'' D J<H ~L^# îOK"_# << J# =+ JOH~= Q"_
''*u (H) |^=_.
F ~"! q#
~= [xOz# |O^~ (=+ $+H~O^~) *# H^! JO^K`
"~O` = =O ^$x `lOz"<~.J#Q = JQK<~.
JO> J== xi+ ~| ~=# O^K<~. JC_H... ''~
H=# L`#"# ' $ux HeyO_ =~ H~O=# H\ Ò K@O J<
H H~ Z=~ KC?
H~ =_ J~#C_, WH $u _ =HOk#^ x~#=Q@
[~QÒk H^!
F u H~}O G 25
XH_ XH n~ =# QOKK, "H<_#H... JC_`x =x

==~=# =~H_ =z H#yOKQ_? ^H^!
J`~~"# $u~ûHO H^" I
J=O=H ~"HHy# II (~.3 . 8)
H~ #C_, $u Z\ OqOk? U q^#=# J#iOz
OqOk? '=H= #O^ ~= "H= O^KO_# H^! ~ "H
Q J=`~. '"H= O^@O [iy# `~"` WH WK O~= $u
J##=h x+= J=`~.
N~=_ : =i q~ '' $u H~O=# =iOk Jx J<~ H^!
N =+ =i : J=#, J<#. H~O ==~O ' $u =iO^x
K@O < L^"q\ K`#, q#
'z^H= J#|_#k XH\ L#k. Jk J#`=? H^. h
J##`= H^. J\ z^H=Oê U ' $u J~` D [Q` H LùH
`= JQK#^ Jk z^H= H H Qx "~q H^. ~x #O_
~H~}= "~ H#@ ' $u J<k z^H=# "~#^n H^. ` D
P=< H\ <~. D [Q^#=O J#|_ '' $u He` z` J##k
J#O`= _! z^H" ^x ~=.
JO> J~"q\?... O= JQ ~=` [Q^=# L<_x
QOK^= QH! J`_ D [Q=#. =~ eH Q#K<_. ~H~}=
XH Q~O iOK@O, =~ P ~} LO~O H=@O *" H^!
J<kHOQ kOz# |= H x[H~" D '[Q`
H Ô. D |O_ ^=# L^# H~}O ~=`. H#H, ''D
|O_= _ ~=` Jx ÔfHiOK|_Òk.
F ~=! ''^=, H=, H, ^==, ~uO|=, PH=, "=
"^# J<H q+=` _ D q [Q` JO` HxOk H^! J\ D
uH=` _# [Q`JO` XH ~=}=#O^ OKK#k. =~ D
uH=x ~=}=O^ D uH=O` q $+ JOMHOQ
<~. =~ P $+ JOMH=# ~=}= D qÔQ ==
J==~OQ XH^xO^ =~H\ QK|_ L<~. P ^$+ J=h
^$=#=QK<~. J~` ~=! J=h `=x J#Q=! H< H^. W=h
^+ H z`=< "z`=!
26
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
D qÔQ *# ^$+ ~^ *Q$`" LO\Ok. "iH WÔ` XH "^Qx,
z=~Qx x ==~OQ, `-J`~OQ Ok. J*# ^$+ q^
~=Q J#H}O QuOz`# ==~OQ JOÒ_ LO_ LO\Ok.
*# ^$+ D OK=O`, <~`=, O`= JQ H= ~|" J~
L#k. J^ OK= J*# ^$+H ^ <Q H= ~=# LO\Ok.

^Ô~Ou [QÔ_H[$Oa`" I
^H\ } O`<#}=} II (~.3 . 17)
D |O_= Z\ O^, J^ qÔQ XH ~=}= W@=O\ H@
Hk |O_= OKK<~. O= qQO, P qQOx H,
K` =i Hx z`= edOK|_K#@, [Q`x u ~=}=
=H= qQ= L#k.
P =H=x u J}=# [Q` L<~. D ==~= J*#=
L#O`=~ W> LO_ f~Òk.
XH ~`= L#^#H... JO^Q JOMH=# ~=}= P
~`=HO> "~ H^ H^! JQ, '|= J< =~`= P |=#
"~ H#\ |O_= J#|_ ~=}= JOMHOQ L<~.
~H~} HxOK H; ~=}=# (`~}=#) HOKQ=?
''z` J# ~x uH= ~=# HtOK |O_ ~O~# HOK
QeQ "~=~?
[O#, ô# J<H ~=}= iqOKK#@ z^H=
'OK= J#|_ J<H ~=}= i=}O K<~.

8. P`^$+ $+^$+
N~=_ : q! P qÔQ z^H= OK= ~=# HtOKÔ`
Uq\? Jk = #O_ =O^? JO`=O^ |=# LO_ L#^?
N =+ =i : F ~=! '#=, x~H~= J~=# P H#|_
'uHPH= " K_... Jk h=Q H#|_Òk... J~#\H P h`=
^~xH #~" J~ L#k H^! J\Q, $+ ~OQ =# WH_
J#`=QK#Ô` z^H" J~=#k.
F u H~}O G 27
nxx '|O ~OQ Ziyu", P ^$+ '"H=# L`= #

kOk. J\ HO_ ''$+ J#|_ ^ `=#Q KK", Wk '#~H=
"^# J<H J^`# ~z KOk.
D ~O_ ^$+ h Z^~Q< L<~.
'$+ ^$+ J#i"? 'P`^$+ H '^$+ J#i"? - h W+O.
"\ ~=#O =Ò ~O_ "~# `=Q... XH\ O~= ", =~H\
"H= H ^Y ~`="... L<~.
F ~=KO^! W\ =~ J<H~ K# "H=< =~Hi KCK<#.
D r=_ =iOH^ H^. W`_ H`, =Q `Q` ~_.
~H~}h ~x u q J~#@, - D |O_O`~` r=O`
z^#O^ ~x *H~}O*!
OK= H LxHH H~}`_# D~_ D r=_ ... gi^~ _
~=~ ^$+` K#C_ i~=, UH~= J~# ~|" J~ L<~.
JO^ =}O "^ "H. (~=^ ~q^" |Q^=) ''D
JO`~= (The external & internal zones) ~O_ Lk Ô K` |= #O_
L`#=`<~ Jx ` =z<~. Uk ZOÔz =O^ Jk J^x
~" J~ LO@Ok. WO^ OÔK=#^q ^.
*<^= - D è|_K# '"^ = =^= JO`, D 'h=<#
J`_ "^# "\` ... ^=, z<`= *# ~= J~# P
~ |". J#Q, D 'r=_ Q H#|_K# ^+ ^$= ~=Q
qi, J^xx Pk<_.
J<H H}= #O_ D ~=# n~HOQ ijeOz# = D q+O
xOÔQ Q=QK#k. |= `` =iOHH_ Un < ^.

9. =# WÔ` !
N =+ =i : F ~=KO^! ''WOk ==# [~OK@ J# =O`#
K`K D =Q~= ^@|_K#k. =iOH W`~ H~ =# Qx, ==~=
=# Qx Jk ^_k H^. 'G=[# OQ`=^# ... g\ O
K` r=_ lÒk_, q"H=O`_ HQQK<_. lÒk_ (WOk=
28
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
==# JkQqOz#"_) =`" D ^$O H JÒ` J==#
Z~QQ_. WOk [" O~ ^#=. WOk=`" O~|O^#=.
KK"! ~=! Wn, O~ ~=. D O~ Q~= Z\
<, Z\ x~i< D qK~} O K` h h" QOK.
x===# J=îOK. P Uk Z@ Lz`=x q", J> x~iOK.
WH Z=Q K=# <=#k? D =# 'H~ J# =$H= H JO~
=x QOK. D =## L`= J=Q#` xqOzu", WH q` x+^
(must do - must not do) H~ ~=Q D [Q^$H= =Q< a#"Òk.
JO` D =# J~=#^x =~ =~ H\ O<#. D =# WH_, WC_

i J~# zH` Ke. =i WOHC_ Uq KQ= KC?
=# ~qÔ ~=, `< JO`zHu ` I
zHu`" H [Q*-= "` II (~.4 . 5)
D =# WH_ i J~# zH` K", Wk qOzQ^. JC_
''[Q`== J#|_ ^$*_= "Ô@ `yQ^.
=# D ^H~=Q i OQ 'H=~O JQK#k.
=#HO> "~Q D [_Ô H~=~=QK#^H_? D uH Ô
=#H# "~# H = HeyO@#^? ^.
^$ÒÒ"# |`<<#`< I
=#K =O uH`~ II (~.4 . 7)
J D 'O~= J#|_ *_=# =H~}"q\? q#, K`#.
Z\ #OK è^ Qx, D r=} ''^$= J#|_ XH<H K= \
_Ok. ZO^H, J`_ Jk QiOK@ ^.
< D =@ [# ^Q PHOK^~ QH! *#=K D ^$=# iQ
~Ò Ke. J#Q, "`= ^$=# JfÒQ "e. Jk ~
`= H L`= [#O.
=iOH ==~O ZO`Q P~Oz< ~, D ^$= qOKk H^ =!
=<~Q=# ~"`="# B+Ô ''^$= H ~ ~Ò-H
O~"# 'Jf`Ò J~=#k. WO^ "~ =O^q ^.
D =# ^Ô^ P`=#=# HQ*, "=# Lù K JOk
Ok. [xOKn J^. =~}OKn _ Jk =`". D =# H =O K`<
F u H~}O G 29
r=_ |OÔ `Q=@O [~QÒk. Z=_` D =## P`*#O"Q

L#YO K_, J\"_ OQ q=Hx O^K<_. ''F ^$=! h= <
=# H ^~#"! Jx Q#O K "x =# ^$O `Q< H
ZH_k?
F [#~! q~O` K# D [Q` =~H_ ^ =! Wk q z`=
O^ W@ OH^ |OK [Q`Q U~_K#k. '#O q QO^~
#Q~OQ O K=`~=# J<H =*== WÔ` Ok.
J=" J~ =O_ _ ZO` `=Q `KK#k. <#~! q~O`
""xH `x`x~=#O^ ~ J~=<~. Hx UO O?
x~}OQ =#K q` 'J`=# JÒ` `=Q#, x``=Q
'x~ K`# `` =# #\^xQ# QOKK<~x =#q K<#.
XHi q =## xn tOKO_. x~kOKO_. P`" L#Y
HO_. JC_ D [Q` `", J`" ## U=Ò J_Q=# x LO_^.

XH QuOz =# QOÔ P QuH "~# ^xQ QKi

LO@Ok H^! =# #O^ uOz# D [Q` _, =# "~# ^x=
QKi LO_@O [~QÒk. ZO^K`? P`*# q K`< =!
''XH #= yO[ #<, ''XH Q} Q}= (K_"x K_`#O,
=Oz"x =Oz`#O, JO^Qx JOÔ, ^~~xO^ ^~= "II) Z\
JO`s#OQ LO@<, D z`=#O^ '[Q`# QOK@ J#|_ "#` _#
'=$u LO_ LO\Ok. ~xO^ H~}=, `[=#O^ H=, Jy
O^ L+`= L#> =##O^ D [Q` L#k. =OK#O^ K^#O ^?
PHO #Ò Wq_ LO\Ok H^! "= #O^ KOKÒ JÒ` ["
LO\O^! J\Q D =##O^ ^$ == LO_ L#k.
W@ =# ''[Q^#== J# ''Y^YP~u~~~ PkQ
Q K=`~= H~}=QK#k. H|\ ~=KO^!
=# D = [Q` -
=~H K=`~"# q+O :
=# #t D ^$ *`=O` OQ #tOk.
Hx, D [Q` #tOz#O`=ÒK` =# #tOK^.
30
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
JO^K` ~=! D [Q` q+O HO` H @, =## Z\
~O* PzOK.
~ OH= ~` uQ '`# Jx" P~OK@O J=~KH.
J\ x+# |~KQ H~ *<^# =iOK.

F u H~}O G 31
II. $Q = O"^=
1. _ WO^ "=
N~=_ : F =hO^! ~^~*! = q^ J"["# =` q~ q
`^<^ ==K Q#Ô` KCH<~. ^+~` =<|=K,
x~*#O` îOKK# q+=O` = kOK_O = ~[# H$`"! q
"H= uk# qK~} q+O K` ==# "= D '^$=
J#|_^x #O_ "~ KHx ijeOKQQK<=.
q~ q=~OQ KCK#\H, ZH_ $^~O WOH U"", Z<<
O^ ^y LO_@O K`, =~ XH OÔ H\ <#.
q"# PH~O Hey# D OK=O` =##O^ u Hey L#^x
q~ KCK<~ H^! Jk P qÔQ Z LO_Q^? =# #O^ i
=# Z\ `~_Òk? "= `@ KK@ "^# J#==K
Z^~Q K<O H^? q! U^< L`= ^$OÒ ^~ K` =iHO`
+O HQ^x < q#=.
N=+ =i : F ~=! WO`=O^ =zOz# LM< =#O D
q+O KK=. SO^= (LùH~}O) s~~`#\H `= H
=ku `=K P~Oz# ""O K` J<H [Q`# xiOKx
J#qOK~ H^! P [Q`h =#OK =K~ H^! =} =~A H
=# (Lù H~}O) WO^*=K "= Ok#^ KO_`#=O
JÒ` =O` OkOk.
J=h ''=# #O^ D [Q` H^ Jx x~<~.
h= =~H ^$OÒ q<x Hi#C_ < ''$Q=i H `_
_ J~# Kz O~`# O^@O, $Q = O"^= Q~
=<~.
=*xQ _ `# O KOQ Z\ Oi`=
O^_, H^=_ U qÔQ D O~ ==~=#, =# H =
~=# $Q= q=iOz K@O [iyO^ K`#, q#.

32
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
$Q= J< XH =#=_ L<~. P# |+ L`"`=_x OK
|_` LO\_. P# XHC_ =O^~~`= Q XH tY~O XH
O`Ô ^# x+ L<~. P# =~_ HK~_. _# P
_ `# Ò_ = ~uO|= Q_` LO_"_. P "_ = `[
O#_, ~KO^x = Q O^~=` JH_ OKi P tY~=# =#O
K LO_"_.
XH ~A $Q= xiH# =k O^ "tOK_. ''xi+-=#=
=OK@K JKOK_ 't= LO_<~. _ `# Ò_= LO@< P
=#O J@ W@ OKiOK"_. HO` H$uK xiOK|_# +,
=iHO` ~`=#=O^ PÔQ =oOz, K\ Q, "#
Pk LO_"_.
N~=_ : =s! HK~ '=*x x K|_Òk H^...!
N =+ =i : Hx P u J\H =Ò q^ Jq^ =^ u Hey
LO_"_. J#Q, J\H`_ ~=Q P`*#=# WOH OkO_^. J\
Jx, H=O JqÔ^ _ `QxO_^. =# D qq` =i
t+xQ "Ò K` 'uO~O xiOz WK~ H^! J\ -PH=
=^ Ty_ uOH ~OQ< *# J*#= =^ Ty_` LO_"_.
W\ J<H ~A Q_K~. XH ~A OÒ J`_ JÒ` O`"#
z`= H"_, `~AOîh [~Oz, J`~O qOu O^`# XH
~A=... XH UHO` Ô #_="e L<_. PH=# K H}=,
xq+= Q_K<_.
P =O XH |O^~"# J~ PHO HxOzOk.
=~"# P" s~=, JO^"# H~@=# Q~ K ~, P
O=O\ #_H W=h P" LO_# #=# J=$`=O K<~. P
J~ PHO Z@#OK =z ZK@H "KO_@O =# _ KK_.
JO`! x"# [O XH |~"# ~~x qi` P [= H LiÒ
U=Òk? P=$`= U~_K, h~O` OaÒ J=Òk H^! P J~#
K# x =# _ ZO` aÒ J~Ok.
P J~ ZO^H "#H KzOk. HH`mOQ P" H x HH
K <Q S^ H} 'JQ LO_~. P" J K K "
~=O K` z~#= #qOk.
F u H~}O G 33
P" O^~=#, =` Kz# K J`_ ZO` =Q__.

Hiy`# XH =^~OQ P" H=H=OQ ^$+ Ô #O_ "o~Ok.
J`_ J\HC_ PHQ=#O ^~ P"# J#iOK< J#H<_.
J\H =Ò Z\Q Ju H+O q^ `# q"H^ O K` HO` xQOK
<_. Hx UO O? P H}O #O_ J`x =## P J~ O^~=, P"
z~#= PHqOz"~. J\ #O_ Jx ==O^ P J~ H
O^~=#, #_H# =# K LO_"_. H W`~ =$`# =ê", H=O
P"< =##O K LO_@K J`_ 'J~=_ J_.
JÒ` ""O` XH ~A XHK@ ~x `# =<~[O P" H ~H
H# H# KHx, W@ zO`# KQ_.

_ ($^HO....) :
P! D H#|_ J~ O^~= U=x Ke? J! D" "oÒ^?
F! PH=~OQ P" #"#\ WO^HO "K#k H. P"
"o~# `~"` ''KO^x Q@# ~u Q D H$u ZO` x["
~Ok!... ~, P" " =~O< <# _ "#. < =# H '=##H
TH# LyOz |^~K<#....
WC_ <# ^=` Jk""# JÒ` =<~=Q '~H= K~#.
WkQ, W^ J=~=u. WH_ Z=~=~ J<H t~+}=`, @=G=`
PÔQ Hx<~? g~O` Z=~? F! ~}= =iOK|_# '^=`
JO> g~ H ... g~ ^=` H^...! g~Oîh `= =<^$+K gHOz H=
`= ~K# =iOK@O Q~ =Ok. P =H=# "KHH `^. "~O`
ZH_ LO_ WH_ K=`~=O` H H\ #@ =iOz K`<~! "i =~#=
Ju (hyperboles) H<H=!
WH_ "~O` JÒ` ==_ J^`"# U" +=#
îOz<~. i*` += W" H! P g~O` q~_Q q+=
=O\ PH$u H"~ O`+OQ OKiOKK<~. D q#|_ Ow`" ^=wuH.
W^ '=O^Hx J< ~` kHH# PHQOQ. D =O^Hx |^=x "#
"# O q=Q OKi LO@O^x q<=. WO^_ qOu f<
=#"\H D #k X_< L<~.
W" H, =KO^~WO^Jy[" "^# H
=uQ$.
34
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
`# Ô`=K ~ ~H# =H KQ S~=Ò WkQ.
D "=xH ^=` ZO`Q aOKK<~...! J~ LO_ WO^x
L=< W"<? D Q i*` =$H= #O_ =K@K H ZO`
PÔ HQ*<~!... D #O^#=#O QiOz KCH=\xH =@ K=....
P! ^=` `#Ò` #$Ò K LO>, `^#Q}OQ g} q\ =^~
~=` _ Ò|~ g~ H...! J<H JOH~=` q=#=
OKiOK D ^=` ZO`\ }H~= K LO\~ H^...! 'JO^=
J#|_^xH fH D WO^.
... D qÔQ <# D ~O "tOK#... JkQ... WO^_ O#O
Jk+Oz q~lK<_... ~O_= |= aK<_... P## qOz
}=O K#.
D qÔQ zO`# K _ WO^# }=O K_. WO^_ ^~}
~HOQ PxOz Lz`"# P#O K_. `, O` Juk =~^h
=iOK_.
WO^Q"#_: F $Q=~! HK~! QÒ. q PQ=# H~}OQ ~=
^#`# Ok aOKK#k. qiH_ q W+"z#O`HO x~O`~OQ
LO_=K.
_ Juk =~^ Hi ~O_ QO@HO < Q__. P
`~"` ~O OKiOK LÔ` JH_ #O_ |^~_. JH_ "i HO^~`
J`xx WO^x =~_Q qOKQ~.

2. ""= [#~O~
P qÔQ `# H }=OK` HK~_ ~=# O^_.
WC_`xH ''=~}^Y= J##^ ^. J~` J`_ ''<# $Q=i =~}.
< Ò_ = L<# J< q+=# ^$+ÔOz iQ H_.
H=OQ J~ Q}=# gHOK_. "i =^ `# W`~O Kz# J~#
H#Q<_. P 'qz J# ~Q J~ _ x Kz ~=~#k.
"i^~ XHi =~H~ u~H"# z`= HeyO_@O [iyOk. ~~
=kH`K XHi<H~ qOK~.
F u H~}O G 35
"i~=~ L# P #O^#=#O OHeOz#O` =ÒK` Uq\ Z~Qx =_ =`" =#
u~i~. J#~H z`Q ~+ ~~ =HO> Lì` == D
$+ WOH=#k? q H~~K <# WC_ ZO` LOux O^K<#.
q~ < H# LO>< <# rqOKQ#. ^= `"^# PîOz#@ q~ ##
PeOQ#O KHO_. ~O_, =#O P =#O "tÔ JOk.
P `~"` "i^~ P L^#=#O ^KQ OKiOKQ~. "i P
=Q=O, P z`q=, z~H He`"# '= ""O K` K=`~OQ
OO^Q~. Ju #` Ok# "i^~ XHi xÔ =~H~ Pk
K HO Q_~. "i^~ =O^~~Ò Z< UO_ Q_~. `nO
=iHO` n~HO Q_zOk. _ QO^~#Q~=#, L^#=#=# xi,
''W`_ H~x` =#_ J#O` sqQ P J~` OKiOKQ_.
P qÔQ Zxqk K`~Q= Q_z~.
JO` H== H^! ''==-=#-Y=-^Y= ... W=h _
H=K \, H=K #tOK=O^!
"i^~ HO`HxH ''"= J^`#O O^= LO@O^"? J#
OÔ O^Q~. }= H H#O^#O H~}OQ "i k=s~
H=H=OQ #tOKQ~.
H=OQ =, q=<, +}, #O^#=< =@=O HQ~.
P W^~ =O_=H =z_~. JC_ "i^~ Ô <e# ~
= L<~. < _@K "i ^ z<a#"<~. Q\x q_z#
HÔQ "i^~ H s~ ^Y= z`=` OKiOKQ~. "i
~O_ eOQs~ PH=# Q KO^H~} "tOK~. P H~} #O_
=OK aO^=H "tOK~. JH_ #O_ ^#~=# O^~.
'^~== J# ~` =|_ Q=O x=t LO_ XH }_
HK`#=K iH"# ^#=# lOK_. JC_ HK~_ g~
~=# Ok, P }# `_ [xOK_. JC_`xH HO^~ =#`
36
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
+ OQ`= aOzOk. P =# =^ #O_ `y#O` L`= O~=
Ok#"_, HO`HxH "~ ~Ò K~_. XH Ô P=O U~~KHx
LQ"# ` ~OaOK_.
J@ K HO Q_z~Ok. P `~"` U^ O^~O XH =$Q=#
KK_. `# ~Q J~ J@ U^ =OK` =$Q=Q [xOz
OKi#@ QOK_. ~ O~|O H~}OQ J`xO^ P J~@
JÒ` PH~} U~_Ok. `# ` HO`QO "zOz P =$QxH ~O
HeyOK_. P J~` OQqOz, =#*H~= Q XH `x O^_. P
`xQ "`=O` J`_ =iHO` "O, ==H~O O^_. WOH
=#k... *#q+O =~ "^\ H =K_. ''D `_ < JÒ` "#
"_. W`_ < H# H` <# |`HQ<? ^. < `# Q _|,
Q}=, n~"# P= HQQH! J# ~=Q x~O` zO`# |^_
_. O, "^ q`=# `=, `, ^#= "^# <~=h
H}O `lOz"_. ^~ =~= #O_ u`_ `x Q= QiOz =`"
Z_ zOuOKK LO_"_. ^<^ O^#, i~H} O|OkOz# J<H
H~H== x=Q" OKiOKQ_. eÒQ J`x s~O H$Oy H$tOK
yOk. ~= Qex #@, XH ~A =$`= J`xx qOQ< qOyOk.
=~}^# K~ =xH J`x eOQs~= U"" Q= O|OkOz#
WK#, ""=# (=$`) Hey LO_#k. =<=$` f=` H~}OQ J<H
[# O^_. J@ `~"` J`_ =^^~A `_ [xOK_.
HH"} '~A J_. J<H=Ok `=` ^ K KHO Q_z
~Ok. HO`HxH =e"__. L`= ^~=# P~Oz, HH"}
'"#==# HiOK_. ""xH J`x H W`~ ''` K
|k J`xx P=r=#O " #_OzOk. ~[=# `lOz, ~Q^ x"_
|k=O`_<_. J`_ i[# =OQ#k X_# P=O xiOKHx ` K
~OaOK_.
KK" ~=! P qÔQ $Q=i =~_# HK~_ J<H "#`
J<H u Q`# J#qOK_. J<H z`qz` [#h O^_. z=iH, =OQ
#k X_# P=O P#_ ^#=Q_ <_.
D = H =O U=x =iOKe KC?

F u H~}O G 37
3. uHO HeÒ
F ~=KO^! qO@<=Q! =# HK~_ Ò_Q $Q=i Z^@<
LO_, qÔQ zO`# KKO_Q J<H " O=`~= Q_z~. J`x
^$+ ZH_H_ OKiOk H^! K H"# `~"` J`x uH Ô '"=,
ô, H@H= "^# "\K tkO HqOK|_ <eOk. Hx, KOK=Q
J`x =# =Ò =#=x '_ Q J<H z` qz` ^# O^K
iq< L#k. Jk Q= J#==# J]KKK, J<H PH~}
qH~} O^K, J~ L#k. XH KH= z# ^~OQ [##
=~}=, T~ J^H= " " z=iH XH<H Lk` =OQ#nf~O
Ki `x+K qOu O^Òk.
` L`="# =< qOux kOKQ^ H^!
P! XH a ^#O^ H~H ~Q f LO\_ KK"? =# _
_ ''=<OH=~O \\Q } K,... `# HK~
Lkx qiOK_. `K=, qq^ =$Ò` OHe`= J~# O~^#
O^_. J@ Ok#Ô` JÒ` ^$_"# ^$+` J#qOK_.

x uHÔ $Q= H P=O ~`=# ZO`Q<

+OzOk. K~O =Ò qyeO^... Jx JxOk. P ^= H ~O^=
#O_ Qe iOKK#C_ '...`~^x qx L#k. 'Ja=#= ^Y=
"^#q HeOKHx J#q P s~O LO_ r=_ WC_ P s~=#O^
^$+ Hey_ H^! ''Ja=#O, ^YO H=@O ZO` P^"# q+O... J<
J~O =K D@ U^ P s~O _K#^ Jx q<"iH JxOk. P s~
`\ Ô`= K ''D n#"# =# O~~}O ZO`\ =~~
OKiOk! Jx =## Kz ZQò K#@#k. [#~` Ô LO_
#`# Q~K# P s~= H =@=, ` H =#"ox
L^tOz, ''F [#~! =~OQ< #~=Q D [Q` H
J^=# W\H<, ==# KK<...QOKO_. q"HO OÔ_. =~
"~= HHO_ Jx k#@ JxOk.
P x Ô "@"^@ ~HOuK ZO_~Ok. P `~"` =~[=K
`_|_Ok. =~[ aO^=K qq_K# P K~=` s~O ''|O^
38
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
~=Q `# H J<H ~ s~= O|O^=# `KO@ Jq
=#O^, `#O^ P#O^=K`<, H, ^MuOK`< +=
~K#^? Jx JxOk. P qÔQ =~O `_ j` "=K $tOK
|_K, ZO_ ZO_K _=#k. P ^Q~x HO_ q^ #Oz QeH Zyi#
ô P s~=# H" LOk. =~ =~[O P ôx `yOz" LOk.
eÒQ z`"# ô ~ P s~O U~_~. P ~ XH ^+`x
$Ô ~Hx LO_ J, `K P~O~# Q~ K<~. =~Hi
ZO_Qe "QOQ P s~=# `Ò>, U^ |O K Jk ZO_ H>= LO_k.
WO`< s~ ~O^= ^~ iOK P QeK |= 'FOH~ x<Ô
KK#k H Jx qOKOk. +Oz#\ =OH~ \OH~ Q# P
s~= g}Q =KHx Q#O K, }# @K#@#k. ^, P
Q#OK =#H;x O`+OK Ò L#@#k.

$Q=i ` K# P }= Ô ~Q^+~Ò. J`x `

=O P i~=O` "Oz#k. P H~}O K` x ^=# =$Q=
Qx, Qx, H;H@H=Qx HOK@ [~Q<^. D s~= WH_ W@
LO_Q< _ `# =~H He` s~O` =x=^ P~ =OQ#n
f~O UHQ`` ` K<_.
"=K +Oz# J`x HÔ ^`ÔQ t z~HOQ ~`
LO_~Ok.

4. OH$Ò
P qÔQ x Ô ZO_ ZO_K, "# `_ LO_Q K HO
Q_z~Ok H^! XH ~A =`_Q $Q=i ~=`=^H=Q xiH
=k #O_ K_. Z^~Q =~x HO KK_. J`_ HxOK^. ''Wk
Uq\? q#=`, #=`` ~Q} O#_# < =~_ ZC_ WH_
LO_"_ H^! WC_ H#|__O? Jx H qKe`_<_. P=O #O_ |@
=z J@ W@ KK_. ''JQ=! J#@, XH QO_t H=O `# =~x
uHÔ =Ò HxOzOk. P =$`s~O =i=O`"# î^== +Oz
#k. P ^= H ~O^=O^ uui Q H@Hx L<~.
F u H~}O G 39
+Oz# QQ J`x @QO H =_` H qOu

fO@<~. H#~K@ Hq H@H^ `= ` H~O K<~.
g\ #O_ WOH WOH< H@H= L`#" Ja=$k O^`<~. ~="
Z=H =^ @~Q Q H@Hx, qiO*<~. [^~` ô
H"# Q +Oz# Z=H# =Q îOz#@ Jx<~. P
Qx ~ [#[#Q r=x O^ ~Hx O_ "##
Q~K<~. =YO `Q e~Ok. = Q_ kQQ@|_# " LOk.
HO~= T~=Y= Hey, `# }= PHO ZH_ OKi<
"`K#@#k. K~O =`" +Oz# J`x @ J*xH $ÔQ
#OQ H#|_Òk.
P =$`^x Kz# $Q=i `HO O^~. XH H}O
~~h =~z~ z xK<~. ''Uq\k? < =~_ =~}Oz K
H=~#^? Jx ^ QO`H` eH_. '<# < a_# H<... J< =O
J`x $^=O` "OzOk. =#O` =~<f`"# H # J~Ok.
=*x J~=O_ _, ~~= #, =O^ "#H# XHi =~K_.
P! `""O ZO`\ k! =i JO`\ "_x _ Hk H}
=Oz"O^? P# z x|_ W@ ZQ\ eH_.
''F~! H~! =^~~*! < `x ZH_H, ZC_, ZO^ fHx
=? J`_ < =~_x h= Z~Q"? ~. D $Q= H `H
Uq\ ~z KK^= QH... Jx K OK@ L^__.

~~`_, [Oîx H#Q}OQ qOy""_, H" ~OQ

Q"_ J~# H_ Wk Q=xOK_. J`_ `Q ~= x"_. J~#
\H, $Q=i H O`=# Q=xOz uH ~O îOK_. Y_=,
Li`_ îOz, _ H=KO_=K XCK P HO_ `H"<_.
O_O_ < J`x [=Q ~= O^~. P~ |`= J`x
=Y=Q =~~. k#= J< #` J`_ qOK|_K L<_.
J`x *= Ô P ~`=# aO*Ok. J`x KuQ u
JQQ= #O_ |î# Jy = kxO\h xO"<~. J`x
~HK QO_t HOOz~. k H\~. J`x Y_= H HOK
~aO|" = =~=~#k.
40
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
HO` Ty_K# $Q=# ~==i J~# H_ qOK_.
#O`~ O`Q~== QOc~ ~O` OuÒQ W@ HQ_.
H_ : $Q=s! q~ =Q =*#. D H= H ^~
u JO` Ziy#"~. '~=J~=# O~OQ îOz <~. g =Q
J=Q< == =, XH" W`~ J*#O K` J~Ô K #\H,
q~ q"` H~. WH U J~^= Kx"i HyOK@=? =`~"#
` K |=~K "QO^"~ q~.
WH "=O\~ 'xux eOK"~= =`" H^! JO^K` q~ =
A. q #=iOKK<#. < =#qx OÒQ q#O_!
xiH =kx+Q q~ q L`= H~K~}=K = =O^hQ
K<~. JO` Qx, D < O+} q ^ _ H^. q~ XH H}O
PQO_. H=, P"=, L^Q=# =ê O`=# P~OKO_. <# Kk
H q#O_.
q~ q |kx J`=" iO*K<~. Jk LzÒ H^.
x~}OQ Oz `^~ q `# =~O KHHO_. ZO^HO\~? H
~_#Q ## H c+}Q _ ÔK=. WH q O #<O
KQ^ KO_? W\H <# J<H [Q`# HOK#. H@Hk ~^#
qOy"K#. J<H =Ok q+= <K QOz"|_~. < J=H"#^q?
JH~x^k? F =`! "= HO. ~r= JOMH L^ = [#=.

J~` XH q+O. WÔ` =^=Q xu =`" J~=#k. JO`
Qx, "= WKK`<, ^+=K`< Un K@ ^. 'xuH "~Q WOH xqÒ
<K Un K|_^.
=~O`y OOuO^ I
H~O[#Ou $+OKO`H " II (~.10 . 29)
Jy [OQ< T~=YOQ [eOk. h~ =" =Ok. H
=^ [#O =zK~Òk. <#j_Q D H_ _ $+ =^ =Q
=z K~<_. <# qOKx ==O@ ZH_ Un ^. nxH Wk J##O.
Z=ix U=#QO?
J~<, qHh `# H^! =HOH ~`"# ^$+` K, ^xH Z=_
H~? Z=_ H? = ^+= #tOK#\ ^$+ H"iH =`" J<H=Ok H~,
F u H~}O G 41
J<H=Ok H Hx<~. =`! ''H~ $`=, JH~ $`= ... D~O_ _

He`= H^! =H ^$+ x"iH =`" Jq OHe`" <~.
=H ^$+ Q"x ^$+ H~ $`"H_? H $`"H_? P ~O_\ h_ _
"iH H#|_@^.
K@ <~, #t<~. J\Q, HO }H@ JOMHOQ
Lù q<#= O^K<~. u XH Lù q<#= =^ U""
O@#, J#==, =~ K~ î`=QK<~. J~` D [#
J*#O K` H ~_#Q ## `C @K<~ Hx, x*xH D r= P
O H~==~= `= "z`=# î<~. H~Qux J#iOz P
[#= ~=#OQ <~, k<~. u ~=#= (Eventu-
ality) "#H P s~H, =#H `= JO`s#OQ ^y L<~.
WC_ KO_ q HO Lz`"<?
XHK@ `\HO L#k. P `\HOx [O #H`^` _ 'PHO
uaOaOk. J\ uaOHO KO^_ H^K Hx<_. h\
Hx# P KO^x K#O `=O\=? J`=O\=? `=#^KO>,
[O KO^_H_<_? J`=#^KO>, KO^x HêH H#|_K<?
''~O_ H^. Jk Jx~Kh=< Ke Jx _ K|_Òk. Q=O`_Q D
Hx $+O^, ~=~u ^$ D H~ $`, JH~ $`=#|_ ~O_ _
`= H=. Hx, ==~ ^$+x ~z#^=~? <<?... H< H^. WÔ`
x~#k =#. D =# q^=O^ `QHx Ou H~}OQ H~ $`,
JH~ $`=#|_ J#~H# `# `#Q xiOKO\Ok. WÔ` _ ''XH
K@ XH `_ îH J_OQ _ LO>, P `_#O^ =# îOK@ =O\^...
Jx J#H `^.
H#H =s! <# ^xH H~}O H^. D r=x H =# Jx",
JO`\ H H~}O. ^~ ^$+x P~# =# ^~`=< O^Òk.
=`` =# P~ =`` = J#==QK#k. <# H#Q}OQ, ''H~
H~} ==~= #_OK@, WK `=# J#iOz [#=#
kOK@ =Ò K LO\#. q~ ""# z`= Ok#"~, Z\
J~Ô K#\ < ZO^ Hy~ KO_? J@ HyOK@O Lz`"
#O\~? J@ K@O P^ `" J=Òk. JO^K`, =iHO` FH\ ,
q+=O` =Q^$+`, `^$+` KHQ WOHHi J=HOK=x i<#.
JO`Qx, KC#k ijeOKO_ P"i` =Ò H=^.
42
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
xu, ^$+ - A_=Q F =x`=! "= K# D $+u "II
H~= u+ H~H, H W+= J#iOK K<=? ^. ^~OH~"
"= Un K@^. Z\ 'Ja=#= J##k O_<, H=O xux
eOKK, ==#< LO_ L<=. WC_ D uH Ô HiOK@O, q
=^ W@ ~=@O, D q+ qK~} K@O... WÔ` ''`# <xOK@
J# 'xux eOK\xH J~=#k. JO`Qx H ^ _, H Hi
"^#"\ H~H =Ò H^. |k=O`# "~ [Qx=_Q D~x
WK~"#\ '~"`= xux J#iOK ==i~. WH J*#Q [#,
Ja=#Q =~ =~ `"Q}=# P~, J\ 'xux ^+OK\xH,
JiH ^$+K ^M^ P~OK\xH =$^_K LO\~. Hx UO
O? Z=~q x~kOKQ~ KO_!
=s! q~ ~A. WC_ *#^$+`< JO` ijeOKO_! =`Q
"iK ~" qOK|_ ^ =~=# L#\ g JO`\ "~ JA= U
"`QK<~? H~iH=K =H=QK Hx L# u Q`#
qKiOKO_ =_x= ## OKx qHO^ JxO^ KO_.
kf Ô - q~ Ziy# q+ J~#\H, O^~O =zOk
H|\ KCK<#.
D } H@x u XHiH ~O_ ^ L<~-
1. ^= 2. =<^=
D ~O_O\ ^= [_"#k. Wk H~}OK` _ #tOK =O
Hey L#k. WH D =# uH == Hey#k. XH ^~}= P
^$=# `#O^ uaOaO* H}= Hey#>, D =# _ `#
Oê =## J#iOz q+=# Hey LO\Ok. J\ uaO| = =`
=Q (merely Reflective by nature) D =# ^ <# =Ò K` #tO^?...
^. D r=_ "H= O^#O`=~ =# #tOKH LO\Ok.
WC_ KO_. q~ HyOK\xH H~}O q =~x Ô Ok#
=~H? H =<^= Ok# uQ`H? J`x =<"~= P~Oz#
P ^+ q+= H~_# << KO_? F ^ OQ"! =Oz K`~` Q
~kH XH ~^= W P ~^=# J`_ `# ~H~H q<=` #_KO_Q,
P ~^=x ~kx K_x XH J=H _, 'D ~^" W@ K=`~OQ _
Z_= u~QÒk Jx J#HO\_... KK~? J\Q D r=xO^ "
F u H~}O G 43
JQK~", Ja=#=` _#^ XH JO`~OQ "~= (Inner - Activity) LO_ L#k.

J\ JO`~OQ "~" D =#. XH _ =\` = `~ K, P
JOH~ J=i WO`< ^xx =\ =^Q K =~H =# K LO\_
KK~? D =# _ q+` s~=# OHeOKK ~ s~=#
#tO*K#k.
''W+==##=H =#" ''z`=.
z`" ~+_, JO`Qx D ^= ~+_ H^.
zÒ K` Uk x~iOK|_K#^, Jk =`" ''H~O Jx JxOKO\Ok.
D z`= JqK~} H~}OQ J^=# Qi# OH=K |OkOK|_Òk.
J@ OHeOKO_, '=#O =Oz O_@ (OH~`") '=H
H ~O.
D r=x@ - ''Wk < ^=. D ^" <#. WO^ D J===
WH_ L<~. <# D J==K iq`_#... W qH~=O`=# J<H
H## K `#k Z=~? <<?... H<H^. D =# =! =# XH 'r=
s~= #O_ =~H 'r=s~=# O^K#k. =#K U == OHeOK
|_`, ^xH J#OQ |k (Discriminative faculty) L^~OKK#k. J^ =~O
''<# KK<# J# ~=Q JOH~= _ U~_K#k. W@ =#
qq^ ~=# îOK@ [~QÒk.
''<# JYO__# - JO`~OQ=# U~~KHx# ''^=# O|OkOz#
"# H~}OQ D z`= `# WK#~O Jq^~HOQ ''<#< s~O
h=h s~O< "~< O|OkOz# s~= ~~"~, `=... "i
"i s~= D suQ U^^ ^$ ^$OQ PkÒk. W@ "~
"~# i= s~=# QOKK#k z`= (H) =#. D =# =~HC_
`= H`~OK J`=Q D ^==# `lOz ~=Oux O^Òk.
=# H D ^^# QiOz# H# P`H`~ O^#\
=O =`" J#===Òk.
P`H`~O, OzO^.... WH ''<# ^=#, =#=_#, r=_#...
J# ~= Q `K =##= LO_^.
''<# D ^= iOK *``=< Qx, ^=`=# H^.
=# (by perceiving things and matters) JO`~OQ=# (=##=, |k "^#
"\ ~=#) _ iOz#k <<. D OK`= Jf`"# ~=
H"_#Q ## XH ^= iq`= KQ^?... ^.
44
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
D s~= iq`"#k H=K.... <# Jiq`_#.
D s~O YO_"#k H=K.... <# JYO__#.
~ ^=O^ XH suQ [eOKK `# U H}=O^# ''=~H\
HO_< LO_ LO@#\ 'P`==# <#. P` < x[~O. x``
~_#Q <H |O^"q? "H"q? W=h ZC_ =! ... W\ =##=
HiOK|_#C_ J`_ =##~`=Q '`Q< +OKK<_.

5. =<~^ =~O
H_: =s! WC_ g=~_Q x =<q<^ OK~O QiOz q#O_.
q~ xiH =k O^ LO_Q q =~_ HK~_ =##O^
'=<~^ =~O JÒ`^~O xOz<_. D ^=# WH_
=ê, =<^=`, XH Q_ q_z# HQ ^=` x"=Q ~=# K~_.
JH_ 'qz J< ~Q J~` HO`HO Q__. P =O J`_ qz
` _Hx ~`=O^, `=^ L^#=#=O^, H~ #Q~=
O^ qiOK_. K HO Q_~Ok. "#` _Hx# f= OH=
=OK, ''W\H < }=O` H~Oz~Ok J# ~OQ =<\ =
J`x O^ ~k^H#k. O_# O_ K@ #O_ < ~ qÔQ J`_ _
'J~` z<a#=~# K` H H"_ q __.
P qÔQ ^=s~=# P ^=HO< `lOz, '`H= # Ok
q [xOK_. "@"^@ ^~=Ô }_Q#, P `~"` H
^xH ~AQ#, J@ XH =~}O "_Q#, P, QOQ #n`@O
OQ# [xOK_. ~=OO [xOz O_^xH ~A J_. `^#O`~O
Ô =O`_Q 'L^+Q [xOK_. J\ =O`=# P~OK@
K` U~_# B#`=K P `~"u [# q^^~_<_.
P `~"` '=^^=# ~* \_ "#=O HiOK_. P `~"`
} @OO [xOz '=^=_ J< ~` =OQ#n f~OQ XH
Ô *~_.

WC_ <# K#" HO_ h `_ "<=OK` J<H ^H"#
[# iqOK_. XHi HH@Ô H~`_Q#, `~"` ''g~ ^xH
F u H~}O G 45
JkuQ# [xOK_. P ~[[# J<H H~= KO_@O K` uQ~

Ô XH Q_^Q#, H~`Ô XH `Q _ \_. '[Q J< ~Q
=~H Ô =$Q" [xOK_. WOH, XH `_K@ iH =Q#, `=
`@ XH L_`Q# [# O^_.
XHi q =~_ =O`"` =+_ [xOK_. 'q^^~#Q~O#
OkO*Q q^# =##O K, `^~ q^^~_ J_. JH_ XH L`=
"# q^^~_Q HtOKKO_Q, HO`HxH HO`=#O^ ^^k`
H=# Ò*KO_Q, P y J`_ `_<_. J\ =#
x H "# Q_ q_z# HQ '[Q^K# J##^ #\ #=Q
qHO iq LO_k. HO`HxH P ''~u Q_z~Ok.
qz`H~~OO` [Q` x~}O ~O"Ok. JC_ q H_ H;"#K
i`_<_. =~ U"" [# O^_. WC_H...,
q XH } @O|O \_. "^= "^#q Q J~
=x`=Q J^#O K |k=O` L`=_Q k O^_. '"
^=_ J# ~` =|_K, J`_ |O^q`# `lOz ~ O~=
Ô K` =OQ #nf~O K~_. XH P=O xiOKHx Uq è#>,
~Q ` KO@<_.
KK~ =hO^! q `_ HK~_ J<H ~H=# q+
"#K i`_ a# H, ~` , =< a# L^ O^_.
Ju cH~=# J~}= =$H=` "^# [# J#qOK_. W\H
O`_ =OQ#k X_# ` KO@<_. [\î ~^H=#
îOz, ~ WOk= O|OkOz =h `lOz " ~z`=` ^#O
K<_. J~`, J`_ D HK~ LkH O|OkOz# 'Ò_Q q=#
U=Ò iOK@O ^. WC_, q~ P r=x ^$+Ô < ~.

6. O~ =$u K=`~O
~H= D~_, =^$+ H"_ J~#\ HQ"#_ J@ eH
=#O =OK_. JC_ $Q =hO^_ `# *#<Ò` `x ==~=O`
ij# KQ_. q^"# `# ''|k J# ^~}=#O^ `# H ^#
=O K`, Q== K` uaOaOz#\ `# `x =K~=O`
46
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
HkH}= `HOQ KK_. s~^$+x g_, H s~O` =OQ #nf~O
"o `x OQ Kz, uiy Hx =YOQ s~O "tOK~.
H}O ` ""O J`xx g_~Ok. JÒ` P~O` z~#= #=K,
L`= ^$+` _#"_ g`~Q_Q Hx` W@ HQ_.
$Q=i : `q+`=~=#= =Q F =`! H^"! "=
=e#zÒ, ~=O\"~O. KK~! XH H}O J*#O ## P=iOz"Ok
H^! q=O\ =` ^$+ uH=Oê =$Ò`=O` +=Q QOKK,
=#=, =Q= J~# J=Q# Hey LO\Ok. WH "", ` ^<^ =#
Hey# HK JO` QOKQO. Hx UO O? Jx " ^$+ iOKH
`<O. HOz`H (HOK=#H) = ^$+ KOK=# O^Òk. D [Q` u
JO` q^~" J~#\H WÔ` J<H q^# qH~=` _ ''x["<!
J#@Q Ok. = O^ XHH =O J<H =# Lù KOk.
F H~! q JO`~OQ=# U=#^ qH Òk Qx, =iOH=iH
è^. WH = q+xH =, D =# J<H =$u~=# O^`, =
K` q"Ò JQK#k. < =~_ HK~_ D HO`= =~ rqOK
=#k. D q+O < `. Hx J`_ =~}OK@O Q=xOKQ< <#
qKe`_< =# O^#. ''rqÒ i= HH~#\H D H_ <
=~x `# "O@ fHx_? J# J|k ZO^H < HeyOk. J<H
=Ok Q~=K kOK|_, qK~}^ =OK D OK= H u
Q`# Ziy L#\H, HOz` '=`` H~}OQ "= D O^, P^
HQ* ~, H= =j`" `<O.
q èx^=#k? 'JHO PKiOK"x = HO, 'HO PKiOK
"x @ #`= HeyO_@ J~#\ XH =O, H, xu HO LO_
L#k H^!
''Wk Ke. Wk K_^ J# W+ J~+ x~ Jx~= @
``|k ... L#O`=~ '=O J#|_k ^$_OQ LO_ f~Òk.
[Q^~! =Q J\ =# WC_ `lOz "K<#. q
Ja=h ijeOz# `~"` < HO \OKOk. Uk U"<, Q=`
~Q q @ ^~Q =iOK@O `. q~ K#Ô` q# `~"` <#
H;Ô` < =~x =OQ#k X_# Kz=K#.
=`! D H=# = } =# ~O_ s~=# L`#=
KK#k. ""xH D =##O^ [Q` JO` L`#=QK#k.
F u H~}O G 47
H_ : =s! q~ K#k JH~ x[O. =# r=# =YÔ Hx, D

uH"# ~H=O xi` s~O =Y"# qQO H^. =i"_ `#x
PK# XH ~=# Wz J<H PH~= O_#, =`# `~
K<_ H^! D =# _ J> `# OH=K D uH ^=#
xiOKH#K#k.
J*#=OK` _ '`= J#|_^xx HeOKHx, =~ ^ `_
Ok#C_ P `= J# =##, ^# x~eOKO@ U_K
LO\_ KK~?
`#HO@ Z\ PH~= H~#\H, D =# `#H ''OHeOK@
J# ==~^H`K D uH ^=#, H=# O|O^ O^==#,
=#, P~=#=# xiOKO\Ok. =~ WO`< #tO
*K#k. ZO` K=`~"# H_ Wk!
=O^Q J#HH~#\H, O J<H ^$ <~ KK~?
q^*#= Hey#_ U"" Ja PHqOz"@K J`=
`== qO* L#@,! 'O=O L#"_ Z^\"_ K q+}#
qxOKH#@, D =# `#O^ ''q^~K# K@ J# XH qz`"#
== Hey LO\Ok. J\ =" `=# =~Q~Ok.
F =hO^! D r=_ ''=#, ''uH^= J# ~O_ "~"~# q+
= Hey LO@<_. D ~O_ `` = LO_ LO@<< q+O HH
ij< =Ò K` (J#Q, Q "^"Ô` *#O O_ _) Q=xOK=K.
D q+O ^$+H _ +OQ `< L#k. J~` J\ ^$+x
H \ H; ^$+` H#H K ''~}~=Q =# =`" H^ J<
q+O +=QK#k. U =O<< ~, `, J` ~O_O\H qH}" =
q"#\ D =# Pq~=O KO^Òk. J@ W@ OKi =~H\H `#
xH `< u~QqOk. D =H= =# H ~K< K=`~". K
^~O iOz# H=, P "^#=h =] =$H=H J===
H^! D q^Q HxOKK# ^==~~o JO` zÒ H J=".
=# `#O^ ^"# =OK`< D ^~= ==#O` D
q^Q QOKK#k.
^k =G= JQK#k. =G= ^kH "~#Ô@ U=#k?
`~OQ=#O^ h\H "~Q WH L#^k?
48
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
=\ =\ O_ " "? H^. J~` J<H O_# K, z#, ^
O_ îOK@O =\^$+x =ê PH~^$+x P~OK@ K`< H^!
D =# _ iJ~# J=Q# O^#O`HO a#`=< îOk.
''P! <# ^~_#, ^dx, J*xx Jx qOKK#k. `# qH= =#
L^~Oz =#K xqOK|_, D =# r=`=# O^Òk.
$Q=i : J=#. D =# H =#, OHe`"# ~Q` JO`
O` O_ Òk.
H_ : J~` =s! D =# OKÔ` '~} H '=# =`" H^!
qOK@ K` =`" (H, TOK@ K` =`") iOKk `"\
J=Òk? ''D =## `lOK@ H [~OK@ Z\? J# LO
Uq\ K`#. ''<h ~=< H^. =# H ~} _ <# H#. ~
~} P=L# x`k` K`#``" <# J##\ x~O`~ L`==#K D
`K =# [~Oz"|_Q^. J`=# P~OK =<qQ= `lOK
|_Q, JC_ +OK =## j`=# x=H"# '==# <`#=,
O`=, JYO_= Jx "= QOKK<=.
D =# QiOz ^$O`~HOQ =iHx q K`#. q#O_.
=^=, `~OQ - XH ^"# ==Ô L#k. Jk JOMH"#
`~OQ=` =#"#k. P `~OQ <~. q<~. J~`
UO? P =Ô ZK@ #O_ =K@^. ZK\H =@^.
P ==Ô Jx" XH [O Hey#k. ==, ^~=,
K=, ^[== _ J~=#k.
HO`= =~ P =Ô J> LO_ LO\Ok. P =Ô JH_ LO_
LO_\xH Z=~ H~}O H^. Jk ''== H JuO K`< JK@
u+`"#k.
J\ ==Ô J<H `~OQ L<~. JO^ Hx z# `~OQ.
P z# `~OQ, `=H ==OK` ''<# z# `~OQ=# =#
Z` = < ~O, J# =#K x[~=# U=~KK<~.
=iHx Ju n~"# `~OQ. Jq `= "x J#iOz ''"= K
_"# `~OQ= Jx qH# K<~.
Hx H~\ ''JkQ, WH < q<#O ^Q~_#> Jx ÒKK `# O
F u H~}O G 49
= `#=< qOKK J\ =#K f~Ô" =K<~. H"#

`~"` =~ Pq~qOz ''J=# WC_ "= Q= O^@ J#"#
#=#, uQ`# O^K<= Jx Ja=xOKK<~.
D ==~=O` ^==O K` =q", ^n=#" aOK@O
[~QÒk.
H~@=` ^y# J<H LÔ^ HxOK JO=" D [Q` H
~O. J\ JO= ==Ôx XH H~@O KO^ aO|=# Lk ~O
LO_ ''WC_ <# j`=Q L<# Jx Ja=xOk. =~H JOH~ H~@O
^"y O^ H=O`=Q ^= Hey, uaO|=` _#^, ''<# ÔK
|_K<# Jx `KK =# O^K#k. =~ ZC_ =#= =Oz
LO\Ok.
XH [H~@O XHK@ `# KO^x, #H`=# uaOaO*Ok. =~
H~@O =~HK@ ~`#, =$H#, "\ # `# uaOaOKOk.

D JOH~= XH LkO^ "tOz, XH =O ''<# WC_ ~A

##. H#H H$`~_# Jx O`+= O^Òk. Qe gKQ `~OQO qÔ
=QK#@, P ==O`"#\ Lk, `k`~ O|Ok` q+= qÔ=Q
KO_Q, P r=_ ''J! <# YO_ YO_=<! Jx J~KK ~kOKK<_.
F =s! D H~@= ZO`\ `ÒQ=O` [iyÒk! ZH_ <~.
XH^x` =~H\ He }<~. XH^x` =~H\ _HO@ z<a#"
`<~. J~` ^~xH D `~OQ=h [=HO> "~ H^ H^!
'`~OQ= J#|_#q [=# "~Q = #O_ OK@^! JO^K`,
D `~OQ= [=~"#\ ==^= HO> "~#=x J#@O Z\?
JO^H, ''`~OQ= '` ="#, (H) 'J` ="# =Y~" ^
Jx JO@ LO\~.
Hx, ''=Ô `~OQ=##q =. [" L#k Jx J#=K<? =i
`~OQ= <~. H#|_K<~ H^!
$Q=i : H~! q~ =`~"# q+=< qnHi<~.
''*#^$+ H =H`H~ J_QK<#. WO`H [O `~OQ L<~ Jx
JO\~? =x JO\~?
50
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
H '|=r= ^$ KO>, |=#O^ H#|_ D 'h=<#
J`_ J# ~=Q `K YO_ÒH~ "~"~Q L<? "?
H_ : |s! q ~= qk`" O_ _ J_QK<~. J~#\H,
#~} H |O H~ KCK<#.
=^=# ''`~OQ= ^$+` _x K<=#HO_... Jq
LO_x^C_? H [^$+` K `~OQ=h [=" H^!
''D [Q` WOê<<`= _ J\^... Jx QOKO_. J~` D r=
"i"i ''==uOH= H~}OQ iz#=Q D ^ qH=
Jh OHe`#~" QOKK<~.

=~ q+~=# qH<#. q#O_-

D `~OQ= L`#=`<~. #t<~. =~HC_ #tOKO_ n~
HO LO_ LO@<~. W@ =~ =~ L`#=QK, #tOKKO_ D `~OQ
~~ "#= HO> =^= "~ H^. =^= HO> `~OQ= "~ H^.
D r= _ '~=` HO> "~Q ~. ~=` giHO> "~ H^.
J~`, *#Q r=... ''<# ~=`<. "~~ r"`= HxOK D
q^$ [QÒ` <H z`. Hx ""xH <O^ W"q = - Jx
~^ Q=x< LO@<~. ''[= `~OQ=#k Jx J#@O J=O[=
H^! `~OQ=##k [== XH ^~" H^... Jx QOKK<~. J\ =Q
~=` UH=# Q r=} ''"H ~_ Jx JO@<O.
^xH "~# =# H "xx ''r=_ JO@<O.
"~# =#: ''<# D s~=#, `k`~ s~= <HO> "~Q =#
LO@<~. "i z`= "~. < z`= "~. JO^K` "~ "~. <# "~. Wq
<q. D Hk =Ok < "~. g~ `k`~ J# =##= K r=_ '|^
~_ Jx K|_Òk. |^ ~ =##=K J<H ^Y= J#q# D
r=# J`x JYO_ ~= Q~K O`~K\xH P`q+" G=
qK~} ukOK@O [~QÒk.
ZO^HO>, "==Q P` |O^ "H= LO\? LO_< LO_=.

`~OQ=h Jx ==O^ UHH ~=Q [=" J~

F u H~}O G 51
=O@#@, D z` qz`H` _ KOK"# D [Q` h |=

HO> a#=Q HxOKK##, Ja#= =!
|=... `~OQ=x [O =.. "H", x`", ^", x~=",
z<` ~", J<k, J#O`", ~H=O`" L#k. ~H=O`_Q P
~=` `# ~= #O_ Ku OÔ_< D qq^ ~=h
O^K<_.
[= #O^ [" `~OQ~=Q J=ì#@, |= #O^ |"
<<q^ ~=Q qiOk.
`_ #O^ = H#|_K#@, P |= #O^ D ~+eOQ~`
~=h q=~== O^K<~.

7. D [Q` |"
$Q =i : H^"! |= #O^ D '[Q` J# q=~==~O Z\, ZC_,
ZO^ U~_K#^x q JaO?
H_ : F $Q=s! q =^#O q#O_-
'[Q` J##\ H# Un ZC_ LO_ LO_^. WC_ _ ^.
WH=O^ _ LO_^. ZO^HO\~? D ''[Q`|= J#|_ ~O_O\
HOKO _ Ô <^. `~OQ=#, [=# ^"q\ KO_.
P |= x=Q ~", ~"#k. ''D [Q` _ H=O
|= =`". J# ''=# J#H}O K|_K#^#HO_... JC_, JO\
Ò` `k`~=# P_O|~=h `lOK|_@" ~^+= L=#O.
P P`` 'xu ~= _ J~ L#k. = ^~= H
Jk#= _ Jk. Jk J<H ~=Q L#\H, UH~" L#k.
JOMH=Q q~^ ~= H^=#\H, ~` XH PH~= Hey#k.
J\ P` `#O^ `< "~# =## P~Oz =#. J< LH~}O ^~
D \\=O` O^K#k. J\ =< ~" D z`=. J@,
'uaO|`= H 'z^`= Ok# `~"` D z`= P LÔ^
"H"# JOH~=# K ''D JOH~= P` H ~,
== Jx = O^K#k. J#Q D [Q` H ^~#=O` OiH
52
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
^$+K` U~_# z`= =`" Jx J#H `^. J~` D JOH~=-
JOH~=# P=, JOH~=HO> "~#-<`= (Absolute Self-Existence) #
x ^xQ QOKK#k. J#Q D z`= L# ^xx xkQ, x ^xx
LO_#@Q QOKK#k.

=#O WO`=~ KC# [`~OQ= ^$OÒ O` P`[Q`

K=`~O QiOz =iHO` q=i#-
XH^+ "~"~Q î# <=, ~h zÒ H "~"~ O^~<!
D z`= "~ "~# `~OQ=# =`" QOKK#k.
Jx `~OQ=# XH suQ LO_# [=# QOK@ ^.
D qÔQ D z`= ''PûH= H#\ [_=, ''PûH= J~#\
K`#= q^=# QOKK#k.
J~` zÒ H D '^"< ~=Q H P`H x[~=#<
K=`~OQ LO_ LO\O^x KH `^. ''^x #O_` Z\ H~}=
O_< XH\ q=iO^, Jk P ===HO> "~#k H^ J##k Ô`"
L#k.
z`= K`< ''Wk [_O Wk K`#O J# ^H# JO` K|_Òk H^!
J~`... D z`= H q<=Ò K` P`H UH~`=# U~_ x
Uq LO_^. J<H `~OQ= H Qu Ô LO_ L#\H, i~" L#
=^[O a< L#k H^! =^[O `#O^ `< D `~OQ=
"^# Ô O^Òk. J\Q... ''~|" q [Q^H~=Q qH=#
O^K#k. J##^ kOk. P` P`K PÒ^ << H~=Q
qH~=# =Q QOKK#k. =~ `# `< `lOKK#k. G
H~ P ~O_O\H ''|O^="H= J# ~ \~.
JqzÒ #O_ qzÒ - =s! XH q+= J<H H}= q#@O
[iy` L`= =# ^$__Òk H^! JO^K` =~ KCK<#... q#O_-
z` qz`=# `~OQ= [=HO> "~ H#@, ~H= D_#\
P ~=`HO> ''h=<#[Q` J#|_ D "Ò [Q`H# "~ H^. XH
c[O HO_=, Y, =, +=, P =Q~ L<~ H^! P
~=` O^ ZC_ D ''$+u i}= h JO`s#OQ ^y
L<~.
F u H~}O G 53
$Q= : JOQ_, x+_ Jx K|_K ~== Jf`_# P ^-

~| Q"#x O^ D qH~h LO_ L<?
H_ : JH~... LO_=. ''^"_, ~=#O^ H=_ JO`s#OQ LO_
L#"_... J~#\ P ~=Ò^ Z\ qH~= K> ^. f=[~O`
^_"xH qz` =~= Hx LO\~ KK~! J\Q ^"_Q P ~=`
O^ ^+` q+OK` ''`J` ==Q D '<# h= "II "\` _#
[Q` K=`~ ==~=O` ^$QK~=QK#k. XH #x "= #O_
~OQ` _# qz`"# WO^^# L^qOKK#k. J\Q, UH~= =OQ
~=, Jqz`= JQ ~=` #O_ qz`"#\ D '[Qù L^~OK@O
J#==Òk.
~Q #O_ ^~O |_e, Q_Q J~, ~Q# K\
LO\Ok H^! O P '^+ H K`#=HO> "~Q L#@ `K =
*O H#|_K#k. K`#=Q ~=` #O_ ''[_=## P~OK@ J#
~= Q [_`= L`#=QK#k.
@~Q `# |O^= H~ `#`< ^~Q_# qiO*O\Ok.
P` _ |O^=H~H `# H z` Hx qiOKO\Ok. z`
H "<"z`= _.
$Q=i : D "< |O^=O` x++ ~=Q P` ZH_ #O_
Ok?
H_ : F =s! D "< |O^=O` P` = #O_ =~=~ HeyOK@
^ =! P` =Q `# WK#~OQ `#H '~q $u (The
extending of its own form) # qOKK#k. @~QQ `# H~ `< Hi#"#
|O^=# xiOKH#K#k.
D P` =~H =O `# WKK P`H`~O O^Òk. ~O
H =O K` - XH U#Q H@`_ ÒKH##@ D P` `#`< O~
|O^= #O_ `y, "H=# O^K#k. J#Q, =##= `lOz,
`` _# ''=`#== (A sense of experience that 'I' am the all pervading
Self) # OìOKHO\Ok.
D P` ^x QiOz Z@ qOK@O [~QÒ^, Jk x~O`~O J> JQK#k.

KK~? P` ~^ =^". OÔ ^. J~` UO? Jk `#H 'z`H
K Uk Z\ q, J> jOQ `^=QK#k. D z`H J#O`JYO_
54
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
~=Q P`H=< H"O^! Q =~H"O J#O`H=# H"
LOz... WH P ... PH=O` `# ~" J~~#@ KÒk KK~?
z~H =#K ^$_`"# D "# J##k H}O P`# `#=O\"x
Q< K`#k. `#O^ U =# L`#=QK<, P ~=
Q< P` j=Q H\ OKH#K#k.

P` |O^=Qx, "H=Qx =, WH =#O\~,... nxH H"#
J`" ^.
P`H =##j`" =#. Jk z`= _!
D =# J#|_k J"="#k. nxH "# '` JO@ Un ^.
OH$`"# LxH #\ =# |O^"q\? ''O XH O[~=#k. P
O[~O XH ~=zH LOk. ^xH |O^ q=H ZC_? J<
J~"=#k? " XH T. JO^ O[~=, zH "^# ^~*=O`
_ T. ZC_` D 'T LOiOK|_Ò^,... =~H}O P T H
Ox q+=h x" JQK<~.
P`, =# _ |O^ "H= LO_*=.
=i D OKOH |O^"H= ^$+ ZH_ #O_ =zOk? D |O^-
"H= =#O Pk#k Z=iH?..... D q+ `~z `~z Kz#_
''JqK~} K`< D |O^-"H ==~ =O` Z^~Q Ò_q Ok Jx
K|_Òk.
'|O^"H= J#|_q ^~xH =. Hx, P` |O^"H ~"
qH~HOQ OKK#k. P! zÒ KK~? x`=, ~= J~#
P`H ~=#, JÒ` Jx`"#\ 'HQ=Q= "^# "#
J^ H"K#^! z`= OH=# P~OK@ ~OaOz# =~H}O,
@ ~Q=, P` D z`= ^~ P |O^=#O^ `Q#K#k. ~~
qo`=, JÒ` qHH= J~# H@Hk =# D ~=` #O_
Pq~q<~. J@ W@ OK~O K<~.
=Ô #O_ `~OQ= L^qOz, P =^= =# =^=#O^
uOk<~. P =^=< Oa`=OQ K K<~ H^!
KO^x H~} KO^x #O_ |î =# <~. J~` KO^
H~} KO^x HO> "~?
F u H~}O G 55
D =# _ ~=` a#"#q HH~#\H, a#=Q L#@

JiH ^$+K` JxOk.
PÒ^ z`[ `~OQ - ''P` J# ==^= 'z`= J< [=#
Hey #k. 'z<`= J# `~OQ=` _#^ =qOQ LO_#k.
J\ O^<==Q P`==Ô ''|q+=~ J#|_q
_ Hx ^ H~\. WH =iHx z#H~\ =#[~O#, ^=`
~=#, <QH "^# J#OÒY J<H ~Q x O^K
<~. D `~OQ=h _ ''== K`< HeOK|_, iOK K<~.
g\ Hx ''=_, =O^_, ~_ "^# ~` ''J+kH
Q ==iOK|_K<~. Hx ~~O =kOKO@<~. =iHx LH~O
KO@<~. Hx O î<~. =iHx JÒ` f==, K=
J~# 'WK` _Hx L<~.
Hx L`= `~OQ Qi H ZQ~K<~.(T~H x<~).
=iHx HO^ "K<~.(J^H= u~Qq<~).
P `~OQ=x '| 'WO^_ "^#Hx HOK= n~H= XH ~"#
PH~O Ok LO@<~. D '=#+ J#|_ `~OQ JÒ` J~"# Ju
HO iOz LO@<~. Ju jOQ #tOKK<~. P`==Ô
Hq H@H ÒQ ~ =H [O` *`h z# H~@=, [aO^=
~O H\ `=`<~. =iHx ~`=O^ QO^, H~pH@O^
\, JH_ OKi, JH_ #t<~.

D =#= _ XHH~ XHHH qÔQ LO@<~. XHx rqÒ Ju

n~OQ#, =~Hx rqÒ JH=Q# LO\Ok. XHx Ô qOQ#,
O^~OQ# =~Hx Ô Ju`KOQ# LO@<~. D O~ H~H=O
#O^ XHiH XHH~ z~HO =~ ~OQ LO@#@ HeOK|_K<~. HO^~
^$_qH=K ZO`Q< "`, ''D H#|_ [Q` JÒ` ~"#k H^ Jx
qOKK<~. Ju `K ==Q HO^~ ''<# \#, ~QK<#.
WO`\ `< <# iq`_#. D s~=# x [iy` < x J~~#>,
J! D s~O`@ <# _ H$tOKK<#. Ju ^d`_#Q < Qu ^.
<# ZO`\ =__#! Jx `K<~. eÒ? 'n#`= J# ^+=#
=j`, ^M^ HO#= x~O`~O O^K<~.
56
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
P` ==Ô [_ z` `~OQ~=# L# =iHO^~ ''<# XH
[_=Q ~~x. J# [_ == Hey LO@<~. WOHO^~, ''"= ~
#= H~ W=h W@ k LO\= Jx ^$_OQ qOz#"~
^===# Ok LO@<~. `~OQ= PH~= =~O@#@ HO^~
[O` Lk #O_ =#= LkH, =#= L^ #O_ P [O`= L^
z`#~OQ `~e "K<~. WOHO^~ '+= Q
J=H=Q, "< ~"#\ '=O^H~= O^K<~.
=`! $Q=s! q H#|_K# D r=, D h =~_, J`x
W\ [# ~O~, h=-<# ... W=h _ '|= J# ==^= #O_
Pq~qOz# `~OQ==O\q. J\ D `~OQ= ''~}~=Q =# J<
~ qA \~.
W=h KOK L^` _# K`#= H ^=.
K`#= ^$ g@xO^ Ô ^.
g\ Hx D [Q` J<H H= =~, ~`=# Ok LO@<~.
=iHx *<=$Ò K` ''^=, ~=^= JQ "H x O^K<~.
Uk U"`<O? P`H z` K=`~" WÔ`.

8. O~ù q~=
$Q=i : F H^"! D =H= '$+ z` qz` r=~h
q<~ H^! g@x\ L`="#, 'H$`~ Jx K`y#"~ Z=~? D
r=*`h ZH_ #O_ ZO^ Pq~q<~?
H_ : =^=x `~OQQ, =O` |`=x `Q q# D
J<H z` qz`=# r=*`h ~=` #O_ Pq~q<~. J~`
g~Oî _ Z=~` =# H "=# [~Oz", W~=#
+=Q Ziy LO\~, "~ =`" H$`~. J\ H$`~ #,
QO^~#, =#+#, [O`=# _ LO_ L<~. 'r=# Jx
K|_ J\ r= `= H ~HHK D ^~`=# hÒ K LO\~.
"~ qiOKKO_Q J\ =OK` =~=#q+` J<H=Ok `k`~
O~r= _ =îOK|_` LO\~.
F u H~}O G 57
WH D OiH == `=x `= iqÒ K#"i Qu Uq

@O\"! "~O` ''H>, Q_ = =_ J<H~ =~`=#, [OQ=`=#
O^K< LO\~. JO^H... ''F ~[#~! D =#= Lk JÒ`
L` $+"#k, ^~"#k. ZO^HO> WH_ *# q*#= P~OK\xH
H=# ^# Ou a#k. JO^K` D J=H=# =$^~KHHO_...
Jx Q~= #O q^# x~i#\ =h D OK[# =~
=~ Q~ K<~. +<~.
G=K =zOK|_K# `, ^#= "^# ~`= JOu=
Q="q\? "=# #tO*H#@ =! "= iQ #tOz`... J\
``*# G qK~} "^#q H`Q kOKq Uq LO\~? D
^#=, D qk x==,... D K~ W=h J*#= g_x "i H~
=`" *#K ukOK|_K<~. D HO HO^~ 'P`*#= @
*Q~, `j~ LO@<~. "i H~H, *#Q =`K G=
~zOK|_~. J~` `=, ^, PH, L`= P= H"i @ =`"
G= [#=O`=`<~. *# D qÔQ `j~Q J*#
`= O JO^*<~. ~ *# (J=`~~+) D s~^~}#
JOwHiOK@ L^=, [#= J^ J~ LO\Ok.

' $Q=s! WH_ q~ XH K=`~O Q=x<~? `= Z^~Q

G= LO_ L#\H, JOê 'L`= qK~} O^ HOî |k U=Ò
"tOK@^. ''D G= qq. Jq =q Jx =Ò J#O@ OiH
^$+< J=Oa<~. eÒQ J\"iO^ J^^$+Qh, P`# QiOz#
J=Q# Qh U =Ò U~_@ ^. ^$+ #tOK#O`HO JO`H~}= ^+
i`" LO@Ok. = #tOz#C_ JO`H~}= ^=QK#k. i"#
^~}O uaO|= +=Q H#|_K#@, [# H x~ |kO^
=`" G~=, L`= J=Q# =$`=`<~.
PHO ~_ L^~OKQ< JO^H~=O` =@==Òk KK~?
KG= H qK~}K =##Oê "=O` #tOzQ^.
J<H=Ok r= =# J*#= Q_H@x H~O KOk. "~
x~}OQ JqK~}, J*#=# HiOz `^~ ^~~ uQ`# P~Oz#
"~ JQK<~. H x=_#Q <# "i "i P=, `=#
58
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
J#iOz P L`~`~ `#, L^# HQ*<#. WO^ ## ^+Oz
UO [#O? =# "O #tOKH`, J\ r=_ J==H `
K_. eÒQ Jq+ =~=~ O^` LO\_. $^=#
J*#= H"#O`HO ''"Hk J< T LO_*^. nxH =~Hix Z\
^+~ KO_? PH=# =OK H"#C_ P PH= H ~" "~
qÔQ H#|_@O [~QÒk. J\Q, "O JO`H~}=# H" q[$OaOk.

JO`\ H H~}O =#. D =# uHÔ` QO K, P`H

LxH U=~Ok. ''<h =O= ^=# J##\ ^$_=## =##O KOk.
eÒQ J<H Y^Y=# J#H}O O^Òk. Y^M HeOK<n, P
H## J#qOKn D =#. JO`Hx, Y^Y= J#qOKk [_~=Q
D =O= Ô =Ò H^.
=#K Uk K|_` Jk ''x~iOK|_#k J# |=# `y LO@Ok.
=#K` h `_ Uk Kx =# K_, =<\ =K J=h J> jOQ
O^_. O^K<_. J`x XH uH Ô WH_ q Z^~Q L#\H J`_
=Ò `# =#K J<H #O^ PQ=#x+=}= (~HH)
x~OK_. P! Uq qzÒ! "<H=Q =# J#O^#=Ò K`
H}O Kk P |^=_ n~HOQ uOz _ P r=x @ x~iOK
Q_? _.
D $+ H=, [##=~}^ Qi# WK... W=h _ =# H
~}K`< HQK<~. |*! D =# HOK= K#= Hey
L#\H, J\ K#= =^Y ^=QK#^< q+O H~_#Q <#
H`_< QOKK<#.
WH D =# H q Q Q |*O` ~zOz K=#
<=#k? H#H =O_. =#O q `_# K\H "O. JO` q~ =Q
Q=xOKQ~.
$Q=i : < `_ _ J<H ^= OKiOz, J~
=OQ#n f~O K~_ H^!
H_ : J=#. q "_ =<s~O ~O J<H Q J#qOK_.
JH_ #O_, KO^ H~} O|O^=K F+^ "tOK_. F+^ ^~ Q~=#
F u H~}O G 59
"tOK_. J<H [## `~"` XH '` J~<_. Uq èx

J=x= WC_ =OQ #n f~O =#OQ ` K<_.
J<H~ '}"= J# K`# H #O_ qx~H"<_.
KO^x O~=K =OK^~ ^<Ô^ "tOK_. ~+x g~
~=# Ok J<H L^# O^_.
D Q=` q~z`"# 'xux Qx, D qz` ===~=#Qx
P`*#Q =` =`" `= `Q#O_, è_QQK<~.

''B#! D ^= q~z`=Q [#H~ == ZO` qz`"#k! Jx J#O@

$Q =i `# P#= #O_ z, H^=x J#iOz "Q_.
P<\ KeOK|_Ok.

(Zxq^= ~A qK~} i J~Ok)

60
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
`q^= ~A
9. Q_z# [# ~}
=+ =i : F ~=KO^! WH =#O `q^= ~A qK~} "t<O. x#\
~A H_ $Q=iH K# `` ^ q<= H^! qx#^xx q+~x
KHQ q*# ^$+` =~ =~ ije LO_e =! WC_ =#O P `~"u
q# ijeOK`<O. =^#z`_" q#.

P H^=_, $Q=... W^~ P= Ô #Oz |^~~. ''^=`

J~^H#~[# ^=# ^@O@ =OQ #n f~O K~~. JH_ Q
XH Ôx XH =$HO HO^ x KK~. J~` J`_ =~H s~=#
îOz L<_ H^! JO^K` W`~ uHO> qH}"# ~O, == Hey
<_. J`x WOk=h Oùx Ok<~. =# =kx
J=îOzO_@K `# KOK`=O` g_#k. O, ZO` HOQ J<H
L^ "tOK@O =iOK@O x=iOK@O K` H, Q J~,
W\H Ou H~H qOux P~OKK#@<_. `# z~HO J#qOz
W\H `lOz"# 'O~Q~= H Qux QiOz qKiOK@K` H...
J`_ =#OQ f="~QO P~Oz <_. JO^ eÒQ J#O`=Q D
[Q` H ==~=O` QOK_. HÔ_ ayOK|_# KHO Z\Q`
xOQ H#|_Ò^... P qÔQ J`_ xÒ Ok<_. 'UHO`=#
'xi+`=# @, _ Ok LO@<_. z`= #tOz, =~`_,
OÒQ LO_ L<_. z`=$`h JÒ` [=O` x~tOz"_.
'xiH =k O^ "tOK_. J\ Jx~Kh x|uO^ x~|k`
_#"_, D [Q` H Qux JO` K #=O@#@Q L<_. ~
H =$Ò`=O` +OQ QOz# "__. J`xO^ WH H~ $`=Qx,
H $`=Qx U=Ò +Oz^. = H< ==~=# 'P` J#|_
^xO^ O K", L`="# |^=# P~Oz L<_.
"H=Q PÒ^ qqOKK#"_, qOux O^K<_.
XH x~"# ^~}O Z^~Q LO_ ^$O uaOaOk. J~`, P
uaOa# == J@ W@ H^K#O` =Ò K` P JÔ H^Ò^?
F u H~}O G 61
^ H^! uaO|O Q#\ H, P ^~}= H '~` J< =K

>=#k? WOk `~_ q+h _ J`x x =# P qÔQ
uaOa<~.
WC_`xH "#Ô@ (`lOK=#Ô@) Un ^. L^"#
Ô@ _ (HiOK=#k, H~ `y#k) U=Ò Un ^. OHqH=h
=ê, *#_, n~_<_.
Q"#_Q H_ $Q=ix H`< POQ Ok =~H
[#H J#== #O^ `#_# HK~x K_.

H_ : F $Q=s! '"^=_ J#|_ D q =~} KK~? W\H
O`_<_. xiH=kx Ok<_. | |+`=# q=#
O`+O*@ ==O\ xu = H~ $`"# q+O H^! JO^K`
W`xx =k #O_ "@ Ò K#.
W@ eH, H_ HK~x qOK_. ''F~! HK~! =
Jx QOc~~O` eH_. P |O q#Q< _ =k #O_ "<_.
<=kQ H# ìK_. ~KO^= HtOKK# HQ"#x, $Q=x
KK_. `\# P#= #O_ z, ''J~! t=H== ^~#=#
kOz# q WîH OQÔ_=}O K<# Jx q#=`` eH_.
"iH Q` `~ =y# `~"` P =Q~ XH t M#~.
HK~_ : =`~! q W~=ix Kz# `~"` < Jx~Kh"#
Ou aOk. WC_ <# O^K# O`` _# P#O^=# =@
=iOKH`<#. U ""` G*#=K Qx, `KQx, P q^
=~#K Qx #tOK^ J\ ==`=O` q Wîx îOz#O`
=ÒK` `yÒk. x~"# J=$Ò =iOz#C_ _ q=O\ =`
^$+~} = Y= HQÒ^?... ^. `= ^^= ^~#OK ##
=#O K# Ju `* O#Q qi^~ Z=~? < H~}` è*O_.
$Q= : <<! WC_ h= *x"Qx J*xq H=. JO^K` x# h" ~}
`KH#@ uOK. h L`= ` H =OK` JO` hH qkÒ
HQ^.
J@ kO|_#"_, _ ^xx+_<_. k= ^$+K ~O_ QO@ =~
`# qq^ [# ^# iOK_. P~=` HOK= H=Q =Y=
62
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
H"__. #z`= g_O_< `# q+=O` ìOK<_. J@
`~"` W@ HQ_.

HK~_ : P! ~=` H =H xu ZO`\ |"#k! ^x
H P~O= ZH_, ZC_, Z=~< TOKQ~? KQ~? P =H
H~== _ H~}`=QK#k. J^xH =" D q=Q '[Q` J#
KHO iqOKK#k. H =O ''Jy " [ "#O Q
^Y "# r= `z_`~ KK~? JQ, <# J<H [# J=#
= ''=~}="==~ H "#= O^#. '~A Q
[xOz# O^~ ^<~#, =Ok=Q^ Q_, `^ [ q<<xH
Z`Q_ "@O =O\ U"" `K"# =h O^#. ^=`~=
îOz#C_ "~ ~` OÒ OKiOKK, JH_Q #^x [O #O
K#. ~` tY~=Q =<~ ^= qiOK#.
J~! U=x K=O\~? <# K_x == ^. Kx H ^.
P W+ J~+ Ô^ XH ==#, =Hx, J#==# qOK@O, ^+OK@O
_ K#. J<H [O` H [# P~ x" "^#= H~ ZO`Q<
Q=HH "#. J=! W\H '~=` ~ *#= O^#. Z~Q
=#k ZiQ#. J\ ~=` ~=< =##O K HO "|KK<#.
Uk Kz# `~"`` WH K_=#Ô@ Un +OK^... J\ P` ==#
<O^, ~O^, ~=#O^ XH f~Q QOKK<#.
D O~ "<=OK` ZO` HOQ n~"# = q= =$Ò`=#
O^#. W\H qOu aOzOk. < =O` iQ #tOKK#k. <O^
= +Oz L#O`HO <# WO^^q Ok< H q+^q Ok< D <
=# qOu aOK^x QOK#.
Z^x` J~` < U=Ò O|OÔ ^, J\ J"="# "\ O^
=q==# P~OK#. `# =~z... `~_#Q <#... J@
U"" = OKiOK@"q\? ZO`\ qz`=? ZO` J~~`=?
P qÔQ <# ZO^ JO` n~HO iqOK< <H J~=Q@^.
JO^H H, ''= Jx~Kh"#k Jx ^ JO@ LO\~.
Ò_! WH =O_. =O^~~Ò +Oz# '_ J# ~` =
|_K# Lkx =#qC_ qÔ. WH WC_ D OK=#O^ <
F u H~}O G 63
O^`y#\kQx, `lOK=#k Qx ZH_ Un H#|_@O ^. H=O P

~=` H =H ~K##, JOê K=`~=# XH b==~=Q
QOKK, H`_< LO_@ <# K^y#k. WH =#Qx, OK~=
Qx, "~ =OQx ZH_ Un O^=#k ^. P` q`# Ok#
`~"`, WOH=O@#k? LO_^. Hh, UO O? KOH## a_# =~z ^~OQ
ZH_ U^ U_ qxO>, ''J! JH_ < a_ U ^ K` J@ ~k<_?
Jx ~Q f "i èQ J~#k < OK~=O`!
F Q=`~~! W`~# =îOK@ qi^~ |g}.
JO^H < =#x =@ @ @K<#. WC_ < XH XH x Z^~Q
L#k..... ~=` QiOz ^$_xO Hey LO_@O.
r=#Q q=O\ =hK ~^ qOK|_K# 'P`^=#
J#iOz, `^~ D [#H~# qÒ KH=@O Z\H< LO H^! J\
^H=Q `" ~HOH= UHH B+Ô. A#\ q H
Ja=# J#iOz < W\ #O_ 'HK~ Lk O^ r=#=$u
OqOK QH! ""xH <HC_ P ^=O^Qx H D ^=O^Qx Z\
Jax"= U~_@^. Z\ PH@^ <# O^@^. H=O ~|H~#
J#iOz, <@ +Oz# OiH ==~=# x~iOK@H D W`~
Lkx P~<#.
O P@=, WH` xiOK|_# KH Q Q Q
q+Q HxOK=K. Hx _ =... J\ "\@ PH LO@O^?
LO_^ H^!
WC_ < 'J~ "^# ^~=@ PHQx, ~Q^+=Qx =.
"`~ iOKK@ pH\ H #"H_k? `` *#^$+` JOK|_K@ WH
'O~ == @ `= ~Q@ J##k OQ x~kOK|_Òk H^!
JC_ =Q~ `` A `=H ''=#UHQ` =OK` H
~=# ^~. P H}O "~ }" OK~ =ÒK U~_ H
~=` OK~. D [Q` H z` qz` Q` QiOz O+OKO@
=OQ#n f~ Ô #Oz |^~~. ^ =~O QO_ =O^~ ~Ò $Q
=i P=O K~~. P Ô Q XH t _ `# s~O LO_@O
Q=xOK_. P ^= ZO` +Oz, `_# P` H|_ L#k.

64
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
HK~_ : < JÒ` # Ò_! J<H YQ=K XHC_ <# ZO`
=Q KK#k... D ~H=OqH =^=< H^? D s~= XH
=O ==Q '^kK H~~KO^#=` K HO eOK
|_Ok. WH_ Q Hx ^ fQ`#, `# T `~KHx,
P T =oOz Q Pk LO_k. qq^ ~+K qq^
s`Q K_|_# D s~O WC_ = K zÔ QqOK|_, < =QQ,
=#OQ xkOk. J<H QO^=# PkOz, J#qOz# nxH Z\ Qu
\ Ok? P h U"<~? WC_ Wk +Oz =$`" qye L#^!
XHC_ ^=HO` @ 'QK# HeyOz# D s~O WC_ "=`~O îOz, _
L#k! W\ D ^= H <~ XH aOQ L#k. ~ÒK K~O H~_
H\ L#k. D ZO_# Ô Kz =#=x =$Q= _ _ ^~OQ
x|_ K<~ Q=xOK~? q"H= Hey# r=x ^=, "H= XH
=~ Hey LO\~ KK~! JQ D < @Q= ~H~}= _K
#C_ qq "~Ok. +Oz# < uH Ô îOz# D QO_t
_ `K"# ~`=< î#@Q L#k. ZO_# ^= Hey# D
~` tY~O =QQ =#OQ =#"ox Ok U^ H@# K#@#k. D
Ô ^ QO`H` ''F [#~! qq `K uH s~= KKO@,
'P! ""O` JOÔQ L<"! Jx q =i `<~? ## K_O_. q
q s~=h _ <=O\" H^! HO ZO_ ^~~"# J=`~O O^
`<~... Jx Q~ K#@#k. s~= Hey#O^ L`= q"H=#H
uOKO_ HOK~Q_^= H# K#O^ D r=x *e` `#
OQK#@#k.
F < OKuH s~=! <# hO^ HO`HOQ LO_H=@K h=
''|~~~QO^= x^x==. hO^ Z\ = H=@K
xtO`Q xiH=kx J=OaOz f=` K#@Q H#|_K<=.
=`~! 'z`= J< KO #O_ =H OkO_@K D Ô xOQ
YOQ H# KOk. ''J! ^==` ZC_ U q` =z _
`<? Jx D r=_ ~^ J#q LO_ è~x O D ^xH
^. 'z`= J< `_ qOK@K Wk 'P#O^H# J#qOk. W\ P#O^H
q"H"# =[O U KH=iH =Ò K~Ò^? <^. D ^=
H Oh #tOK~. F =*#Q ^~=~! D ^=#
K<~ H^! Wk Z\ H`H= O_, ~ H<*=# ~Ò KHx,
D =#=O^ ZO` OÒQ KHQ =oOz L#^ H^!
F u H~}O G 65
z` KOK= - J<H H= H^ "=K K= Ok JÒ`

Oa`" L# 'z`= J< Hu 's~= J< =$HO qKq_Q OKiOk. WH
D r=_H Ou ZH_k? J\ z`= W`xx J#OÒY =~[OQ= #
_"Ok H^! J~` D HK~Ô =Ò z`= K z# #O_
ÒKHx WH_ qqOk. ^~OQ [~QK# O=-U#Q QO
nxx @@ ^. =` K~O^~O Qx, ^# ^^ Qx, ^
Qx, kH` Qx D Ô =##O K@O ^. JO^K`< ^Y ~ÒQ#,
|#O^= #O^ =xy `K#@Q# < HxOk. = P, $^
i"^#, [~= `= H=O J*#" H^! J\ J*<O^H~O \
OK H"O> '=<~`` = J< Ku nO KHQ "Q` LO_e. ~
^# H q` H O =<~`"#x *# JO@ LO\~. J\ J=#O
`, D r= x["# HQ*k D [Q` WOH=#k? ''Q
` H JOu= e`=? J#@Q D Ô Q J=#O J#qOk.
J~! =<~`= OkOz#\ Q |k=O` Y= H
~H+# îOKK LO\~. Q=OK` H... D ^= U ^Y=,
O`+= O_ =## =keOKHx OÒQ L#k.

10. *# ^=
N~=_ : =`! =+ =s! WH_ < XH OÔ =Ok. P HK~_
JO`=O^ Z< ^=# =~ =~ J#qOz=O\_ H^! =i P#H D
$Q=i =~x Ô q^ JO`\ =O ZO^ L#k? J`_ K
=@|\, P ^=# J`_ HO` JqK~} ~HOQ... ==H~HOQ
K#@ < JxOk. J`_ Ô H~ ZO^ q<_? J`_ *x
H^! *# _ ^^ O|OkOz# Y^M J#q~?
N =+ =i : K L`="# "=. h =^#=# K
H}= #O_ ijeOK= LO@Ok.
D HK~x K`#= W`~ H=#O^ `# H O
`= |OK` XH =iH =~_ J=\xH, P=r=#O, QnH
"^#q O^\xH J~` OkOKH#k.D r= =Q=h O~=
|}=Q`# J#iOz LO@ LO\~. W`~ H= =y
66
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
#C_, J#Q J\ = #O^ D # O|OkOz# ^H~ H#
O~ ~=# +Oz#k. J\ O~+= D H= H P~O=
#O^ ^= s~ == (The beginning identity of'SELF' with the 'BODY)K `H\`
=`= OkOk. J\ ''^H~ =~ K`#= }H q+=#
P~OzOk. P H q+ =OK` 'O~ +=, P O~ +O J#=#
QOK#\ J# "=#O^ "tOzOk. J#" "O ^~
=`=Q hqOzOk. '$^= J#|_^xO^ "tOz, H=OQ g~
^# Ok, è Q~O HK~x ÔQ ~k^#k. J`xH Ò_Q
$Q=K }z`=Q L##=, ^#x+ "^Q O~= x~iOK
|_~. P ^" JH_ WC_ +Oz _#k.
D H= H "@ "^@ (H ^= H= #O^) =K =Q
'z`~} #O_ D 'H s~ O=# HeyOk H^! JO^K` J`xH H^=
#O^ JkH"# uO Hey LO_@O, ^x H~ J`_ qOK_O [~QÒk.
=~H q+O. D r=_ Hx\@ WK=## HeyO_@O, =iHx\
@ q=Y```~O HeyO_@O K LO\_. z` ==Q D r=_
H<K`~=# J#iOK Hx\@ ~Q^$+ U~_ LO\Ok. J\ r=
H W~+=# J#iOK |^=_ D $+~K# JO` y<_.
=OQ#n f~O XH =x =~_Q ` K# x z`K`#= =Ò
''< U ^= @ ~Q^` x^. <# WKH^ ~`_#. xi_# Jx
q L#k. J~` P K`#= H JO`~O`~, ''<# $Q=i H
=~_#. < Ò_ xiH =kOÔ_Q, <# P## qOKK<#
J# ~=Q =# +Oz #k. JO^H HK~^=# J`xH Q~
K#C_, J^xx J`_ Kz HO` qOK@O [~QÒk. ^= ^$+ Hey
O_@=<k ^H =O J~=#k. XH_ *x H=K. J*x H=K.
D ^= L#O`=~ ^ J`x H==~O D ~O< LO@ LO@Ok.
""xH, =OQ #nf~O L#\ ` ^=... HK~ ^=... D
~O_O\ H ^= H=O 'PH J<H Ô =`".
*#, J*#: "i "i H==~= -
N =+ =i : <<! ~=KO^! D [Q` H Qux Ziy# '*#,
^~= =`" Hey =iOKKO_ 'J*#... D W^~ _ =$u
q+O H==~= =#OQ< LO@ LO\~. *x _ J*xQ<
F u H~}O G 67
=$u-x=$u ^~O Hey LO\_. WH "iî ^"q@O\"?... *xO^

"# #ye LO\~. "#H LxH= |O^ "H= H~}
=Òk. JO`Qx, s~ =# |\ |O^"H= LO_=.
''PH J##k U=Ò #\ Q |kn~`=Q =` _ D
Ô L#O`=~ `k`~=< ^Y ==O^ ^Y=#, Y ==
O^ Y=# O^K#@ Hx LO\~. [O HxOK ~ uaO|=
[HêH# J#iOz `< H^K#@ Jx LO@Ok. Hx PHOx
"= ~_ D [`~OQ` O|O^" O_, HêH OÔ_ LO_
LO@<_ H^! [= H a``= (Perturbance) uaO| ~x
H^K#@ KKO_=K. Hx, P qK`= PH ~x iOKQ^?
^. J^qÔQ *x _ =$uK H ==~=O^ #K LO\_.
`k`~=< P O^# Hey LO_=K.... J~`, JO`~OQ=# =Ò,
''<# x`_#. ~=# H~_#. ~^ JK_#. D s~^,
"^ ## |OkOK=. $tOK= J# Z~H Hey LO\_.
^~ ~_ _Q LO@#\H, [O uaOaOK ~_
J=_Q, KOK_Q Hx_ H^!
*x ""xH H==~=h q=~J=Q# O` ZC_
`lOz " LO\_. J~#\H, =# =Ò `k`~=< OK
==~=O^ x=Q_ LO@#@ W`~ ^$+H Hx_.
XH_ *<Ok= ^$ Z\ PH U =Ò HeyO_O_, H=O
H~Ok=K P "u`"# H~= x~i<_#H... JC_ PH
~`_Q J\"xx ''=_ Jx JO@<O. J\ HO_, XHi *<Ok=
PH` xO_ LO\#H... JC_ H~Ok= H~O^ #H
~#\H, J`_ '|^_ Jx K|_K<_. *# ^$+` D qQO
QOK@O K J=~O. HO HeyOK\xH H~}O Jy H^! J\Q D
OKO 'Y^Y|O^"H= HQ*\xH H~}O *<Ok=
Hx, H~Ok= H<H=... Jx _ QOK.
JO^K` ~=! h= =# ''ZC_ ZH_ Uk Z\ Lz`" Jk J>
x~i LO_. H~# `lOK@O HO>, h xqOK|_# P H~#
x~iOK@" LzÒ. ZO^HO> `k`~ ==~~o h `=
H~H== P^~_ LO@ LO@Ok H^! WH, JO`~OQ=# =Ò ==~
68
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
~`_" LO_. J#Q @=Q PÒ^, ''<# D s~=<|k JOH~
# H^. g@x\H ~" LO@# *#K`# ~=Q P` <#. Jx\,
JO` J~ LO@#k <<. J\ P` ~= J=îOz LO@< D s~=#
=~#j`= H\ LO@<#. J# J=Q#` ^$_=# Hey LO_. ~
"+==, ~HiH, `lOz" xtO`_" LO_. Ja+PH
OH ~O~... g@x\h q_<_", P`K PÒ^ u Hey LO_. WH P
=~=# H~==Q P H~# Z\ H O_ x~i LO_. Ô
L#O`=~ U"q H~== J\ H~ x~iOK@O xOQ ^ ="
J~ L#k. ^=#O`=~ ^==# Z=~ `lOKQ~ KC? J@
'`lOKe J< @^#, ''`lOKH< J< <~x _ JkQqOz"~.
Pk "k - F ~"! D 'O~= J< Q~O 'Pk"k (=#H s~H
~Q`) J< q H~\ W+O =z#@ OKi<~. J~` q"# "~ D
O~ =~O _@^. D =~= ==`= J< JO^H~ = xH
fx~ ''^Y=x~`== J< LCh\ =Oz `Q^x "~
JO` ^~O #OK Q=x<~. h= _ q"H" LO_. JO`Qx ''<#
"=<k=k J< *_x P~OK. '^~^$+` Q=x h= D ^^
^~=#O^ =. W"g _ h= H=. Wq h O|OkOz#q H=. ^, ~^,
~` "QO^K#\ x`^|^ ==Q P` h=. H|\ ''JO`~$u
H K J\ P`H qH}`=#O^ ~_" LO_.
x~=, ^=, ~`H=, ~H~ J~#\ |" h= =!
W^ J~=# ''`` = (``{`") J# =^=K "^x+`
OK=# K\ KCK<~.
''~ O`_#, [#=$` ~`_#, q~_# JQ ~=`# <<
J~ L<# J# =# J=~H=@O JO K` `H ^".
~ Ja+# qiO*k, Jq^^+~`= J~#\ x~=Q
''P`^=# J=îOK. '==`= (< KOk#q, < O|OkOz#q) J#
~O^H~=# ''*#^$+ J< n "Q O K` ~ê "~.
z`=# #tO*@O^ =~_" LO_. z`= [~OK|_O^, =~
H}O J#O`|kH=, ~=~~= JQ |= hHO> "~#k H^x h"
QOKQ=.
WH P 'r=_ J#|_ Ju+ hO^ PkOK|_*^. ZO^HO>,
'J*#= `, r=_ J#|_"_ "~Q ZH_ _.
F u H~}O G 69
ZC_` x# h= ~`H=Q x+OH ~|=Q îOKK LO\",

JC_ J\ *#Q=# îOKK# h |+=Q "= _ #=i
LO\=.
J\ ~|~_=Q h= D [Q` =O^h_=QK<=.

11. x #~r=#=
F ~=KO^! WH =#O ` H^==~xH =Ô.
P qÔQ HK~_ `# W`~ ^=# Kz HO` "^# O^_
H^! P H< L# HQ"#_ x q=O` q<_. J`xH x "H=
HO` JQ` HxOzOk. *#`Q"~, PtÒê J*#=
`yOK@ H~==Q HeyO\~ H^! JO^K` P H_ "QOc~
~=` W@ HQ_.
H_ : F _! `H#=#Ô` `Hx#"_, D s~=# Kz W@
~=_QK<"q\? J*#=K [xOKK# ~"^## xtO`Q `lOz"~.
XH ~A XH #Q~O `lOz =~H #Q~O "t_ KK"? P suQ, h= D
`x s~O `lOK. $Q= =~xQ kHH# D H^=# "tOK.
<<! D $+#O`\ h ieOK#\ 'xux J#iOz h= =O^=O^
J<H H~H== x~iOK=#k.
'~|= H L^^# J#iOz D s~=` _, =O^Q Q
` PKi=. P `~"` ^` Q~`= x~i=.
=HO`==~ ~H Q~=Q ^~= x~i LO\=. P
`~"` '^`= J#|_^xx `lOz" q^=_= J=`=. D s~=#
P =O =Q ZO_# =# `lOz#@, `lOz"Q=. ~|
H~ H e`"# D ^=` |e, ~}Ht_ "^# Q ~H~A
Q~`= =Oz `^~ H= [h_= J=`=.
F $QHK~~! q WîH =Q QH! WC_ <# < Ja=`"
#\ P`#=# =K<#. J\ O x=$u ~=Q 'Pù
~= = ~= H^!
$Q=i : ~"~! H^"! D ~A = k#O. $^= OQ=K
q~ J<H q+= q^~K~. q "q^~O H$ÀO. z`=K
70
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
iq``= O^K# "= =K q`", O~^$+ HeyO_@O,
q=# ^+OK=@O K#O^ HqOK i<#.
H_ : z=~Q XH =Y"# q+O KCK<#. q#O_-
~=Ò^ ''Wk Ja=`=, ''Wk Ja=`= H^ J# ~= Q XH
qH= U~_K#k. JC_ Ja=`=QK#^xx QOK@O, Ja=Ò Hx
^xx `lOK@O P ~=` =Q x~i<_. J\ x~} z`=
H ~= =! J\ = J#|_ z``=# PÒ^ ~O*
JYO_=# O^ x`= =Oz LO_"~ ^#. JO^K` Q~= P z`
zH`# ^$+ @Hx k LO\~. q~ _ HO H~ Q~=
HtOK^~ QH! q ~^ =QQH!
H^=_ W@ KO_Q "i~=~ H^=x` U~_# kH`K`
HO@`_\~. =H= ~H=~O `" LO@ LO_Q< ~_ `#
H~}*=` Jq_ KK"? =Ô ^ H~@O z, K
LO_Q< [O ~OKÒk KK"! J^qÔQ P HQ"#_ JO`~#
"<_. JC_ _ HOz` P~_`, H^=xH K``#, $^=
`#, H`# #=~O i K H^= L#" ù_. P=O PKiOK
=# qH~Qux, 'D~K H Jx"~`=# Q=xOz Hx H}
'K# Q__. `# `^<^K OkOz# Q|O K` '"^# J#
^xx iQ `lOz, z~#=` K@ HeEK_. Ò_H J#[#
Pj~^=# HiOz XH K@ ~#O HiOK_.
'"^=_ J< ~` =|_ '=OQ#nf~`H O|OkOz#
=##= JkQqOK_. "Q H# =Hx Q =^# J=îOK_.
"^= s~O K`#=K `lOK|_@K h=~= OkOk. H}
xs=" <eOk. =#O =O` |`= "tOK#@ x K`#`
H^= "tOzOk.
`# `_ H-Ô r=_ "tOKQ< ==xQ $Q= `#
H=O_=x [=# =O`ÒQ P s~= OHO K_. =~H}O
P Ô qHO O^<~OaOzOk. "O@H, Q H=OQ K`#=OÒ
HQ~. }"= s~=O` =OKyOk. ["OQOK
=Ô Oy#@ HK~_ z x|__. L= Ok#"_ <=Q`
H~# ~HOQ ~=q`_Q `# [#xH OQ #=~= K_.
F u H~}O G 71
W`~OQ< 'O^~O 'JOH~=` a# `# =~x s~=#

$Q= =Q Kz, ~HOQ PeOQ#O K<_. =~ XHi `x
Kz *#Q ^$+K, `# JO`~OQO, ''P! W^ H^, '< KOk# ^= J#
=#K = _#! J#<_. `` ^$+K D =# LzÒ H^x J`xH
èO_@K J`x ^= z~#= g_^.
N~=_ : ''W`_ < `_ J# ~H=O $Qx z`= HOK=
PHqOK< L#^?
N =+ =i : J=# =i. s~O L#O` =~ ~|"Q= K` P s~O @
==`= L^~< LO@Ok. Wk ^^~" J~ =#k. J~`, *# Jx
i`# =Q"# J=Q## U=Ò =^~. JO^K` '==`= J#
^x O^ `^`= KO^~. J#Q, '<# P` ~=Q H"_#. WÔ`
P` H q<"...! J# ~O LO_ P``\ J#O^#= H~. WH
J*#, D O|O^= `=x, ~=x qOz g\` ^+
==# =~ =~ O^K LO\~. eÒ? PùH JÒ` ^~O
q< K, O\ LO\~.
WC_ P Ò_ H_e^~ XHi =# =~H~ # O^~. z~H
qQO K` Ô` XHi@ =~H~ JÒ` |^ LO\~ KK"! J\
"i =Q== JÒ` u QKO_k. "~ XHi HO =~H~ ZO`Q<
Òz L<~ H^! JO^K` Hk P#O^"O [_`<~. JH_
#O_ K~. JH_ "^= s~=# Ò K~. =O`~HOQ 'qkx
x~iOK~. [# "iH x~~OK|_# ^K~=# `lOK~ =!
P `~"` "i^~ P =O^~~Ò OÒQ ` KO@,
PHO ~ KO^ = HtOK~. Z~Q=# |==# ''J#==,
J#u ~OQ QOK~. r=#, [Q^~= J~#\ P W^~
=` JH_ K HO qi LO_"~. ^H=K JOkOK|_
~q^= "ix `HHq. P`~=# u Ok#"iH ~
q^=, =, Heq= q+=Q< H#|_`~ H^!
HO`HxH HK~xH J~Q~`=, QkH~= aOK~. $Q=
`# Q"#\ x~==Q '*uk#= #O^ ~_ L<~.

72
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
KK" ~=! P HK~_ "@"^@ ~=^=Q ~=` O^
~_ LO_"_. OÒQ Ò_ = HO Q_` LO_"_. P `~"` `#
'' $u ^= #O^ P~_"# J~ H~H =<~[ q== O^_.
^k iqOK_. =~ HQ"#x H $Q=i H, H\H=K
=Q 'P` ux Ok HtOK_.

F u H~}O G 73
III. $Q = O"^=
`^#O`~ K~
1. z`= =
N~=_ : =hO^! $Qx =~_# P xH `# H =<~^ u (force
of his own wish) K`< ~H OK~O, ^=H#` OQÒ "^#q OK~
H^! D q+O <^H OÔ. D r= ZO^~ U"" =<~^= Hey
LO@<~ H^! =i, J< H ''<# Wk O^`#. Wq K# J# u
O ZO^ JQ@^? ''<xC_ ~= Ki ~ Y= J#qOK^#
QH Jx OHeOKQ< Z=iH< J> OKe H^? OK@Ô?
N =+ =i : U^< OKO> =#H i^`, UHQ` J=~O.
HK~_ `# O^x H~H#k `# =<~[O " O^\xH
H~}O W`~ H=#Oê J`x `^ B#`". ~ H=#Oê
J`x JOu= [#O^ Q L<^K UHQ`#, H kx, kOK@O
g}`# J=~Kx L<_. L`= O~=, P`` `^`= H~H
P= Ok L<_. JO^ eÒQ< '||+H `_ HOH~`"#
[## O^_. D H= H ~OO `` H =## O^@
J~"# ''=#==x=~q^=$k` _# [## OkOK_.
N~=_ : Ò_! '`` =# J#Q Uq\... =iHO` q=iOKO_.
N =+ =i : ~H~ #tOz#C_ J\ u +OK z`= H u
'``=# J# ~` K|_Òk. ^x< ''x~ z`~= Jx _
LO\~. ZC_` D z`= x~=, `` ~= J=Ò^ J\
z`= Z =# KO^ Jk P qÔQ< jOQ J=` LO@Ok.
x z`= XH K=`~"# q== U~_#@ =#O H^ KC<O
H^! U qÔQ OQ< J`x z`=#O^ q== L`#"#^, J^ qÔQ
u r=xO^ z` q== L`#=Òk. 'P`~=# #O_ Ku Ok
^$+x P~Oz K`# ` GH~K 'r=_ J< ~` =|_Òk.
XH q`#" JO~=, HO_=, P, H, H= "^# ~=Q
JQK#k. JQ, = } H ''O He` Ou D ^ `qQ=#
U~~KK#k. Jk ~q~O J~, W@, `## `< H\ OKH#K#k.
74
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
D Z^~Q LO_, 'OK= Jx K|_K# ^$==~=O` u r=x
z`= #O^ q^~=Q L^~Ok. q^~=Q LxHx H#y...
ZC_ q^~=Q< O O^K#k.
Hx, ^~xH D [Q` L`#=Q@ ^, #tOK@^. =K L#`
Q D [Q` ~OQ `#H ==# H\ OKK#k.
<"u#Kû [QuOK# Hz` I
Ou =`qÔ = =Q= i[$O` II (~ 17, . 8.)
WC_ =# J#== "~"~ q^=Q D [Q` `H" LO\Ok.
J#Q, XH =x J~#\ < XH suQ, XH ~A J~#\ h =~H suQ
OH$`"# H~H=# J#iOz Ok H^!
J\Q `H# r= _ q^~=# "~ "~ [Q` `H=Q
HxOKK<~. "~ "~ q+= "~ "~Q ''Wk ^YH~=, Wk YH~=,
Wk J==, Wk JOQ`=, Wk ==, Wk J==.... Jx x~zOK|_
îOK|_K<~. J~` XHxH H#|_ '[Q^= H su =~HiH HxOK@
^. Z=i =, Y^Y=, "== "i" JQK<~. XH_ `#
O<, OH#Q~O< KKK# ==~O H<=# =~HxH HxO^?
^ H^! J^ qÔQ XH r=x H =` _# ''[Q^~#= =~H r=xH
J@QH "~H qÔQ LO\Ok. ''OH= J#|_ |q~"# Ô
'[Q^= J< JOMH=# #Q~ == U~_K<~. ''W=h
q^ J< J=Q# XH *#^$+ H"xH =`" x~+=Q U~_K#k.
=K P~OK|_# r=_ ''WÔ` "=" J# ~O Q Oux O^K,
J#qOKK<_. XH =#= H^. ^=`~H r=, KH r=
_ D qÔQ< LO@<~.
JO` H^. =#=O^~O _ x Q< OH=` s~"! 'q^
J~# ^xx `=Q `KK W@ L`#"<=.
D =+ H^. =+ (Individual) H ~"#\ =+ $+ JOHiQ
~}Q~ ~_ _ 'D [Q` $+ ~O~ D qÔQ< q^~OQ
O^@O [~QÒk. D J<H Lk = *= x~}= "#H U~_ L#
WKH ~}Q~x ^~#.
""xH D =+=+ r=e~=~ P`~ J~=<~. 'J==
J~#\ P` O^ ''[Q`s~= "^# =`=O` Z\ LO@Ok? Z\
F u H~}O G 75
"tOk? ZH_#O_ "tOk? ^. H#H s~^ ~O iOKÔ`

q^ J~=#k.
u z`= #O^ q^~=Q [Q` LO@< L#k. ''P`K PÒ^
^= OH= U~_K#k. J\ ^= OHO 'PÒ^ D~`= Jx
K ("^K) K|_Òk. OH= K`< D [Q` ==u Ok#k.
`` *#= O^@K D [Qû U qÔQ U~_#^ `H QOK|_Q^.
L`= `=, J=Q## P~OKK#"~, ''J<kQ J*#=#O^
uOk # D z`" J<H q^=Q H~H=QK#k Jx *# ZQ
K<~. J@ U~_ 'ZH H =OK D z`= `#O`@ `< #tOKK#k.

2. `= qK~}
N =+ =i : F ~=KO^! h\ HêH# J#iOz h\ uaOa# ~
aO|= H-HOkH H^K#@ Jx LO@Ok. h\x ~x K_@O
=<, PHOx ~x KK=#H... JC_ x =_Q ~_
H#|_`_. H^K# "` He KOâO|=# K LO>, KOâO|O
"HêH# J#i L#@O@Ok. " =# '^$+x PHiOKH` JC_
x KO^_ JQ_. J^qÔQ 'u (reflective) J#|_ kf
q+=` _# J=Q<^ L#_ =`" '[Q` J#|_k J#===@O
[~QÒk. ` ==Q |= HìOz# `~"` WH '[Q` J<k LO_^.
XH U#Q H@HO|=# H\ "|_` LO@Ok H^! J\Q 'z`= J#|_
U#Q D [Q` H@HO|= =!
z`= H LxH [Q`. [Q` H LxH z`=.
z`=# J#iOK [Q` LO@Ok. z`= x K@ [Q` _ ^.
z`= [Q` XH\ #t, ~O_=k _ `#O`@ `< #tOKK#^x
QOK. J~` J\ D ''[Q` H ^, z`= H... <#= '`==#
QiOz# qK~} K` =`" Ô.
z``= [Q`` [Q``= z`H"
UH"^~ K `qK~}` (~ 17 .19)
=\K ^+HOQ L# =}x "# h\ H_y#C_ H=OÒQ
KOQ H#|_Òk H^! D z`=x ^+= ~Ò K|_#C_, J\
^ z`" ~=` H ~=! H Jk ~=`! Jk `~=!
76
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
^ zÒ, q+= - ^ zÒ `# O^ ^xx uO KO@O^, Jk
'`" J~ Ok. J#Q, ^z`= ^xx =Q Z\ OHeOK@O
[~QÒ^, Jk J> `"# J#=OQ ~= O^Òk. ^ z`= H
UHQ` =O O J=Òk.
''z`= ^ ~K@ J##k XH> D [# H~ H L`"`="#
P=. WH `k`~=h `Ò|O^"# - `^z`"# P= =`".
J~`, D zÒ Ô H"O> Uq Ke? z~HOQ UHQ` JOK>
JO^ =~O. h~ xOQ L#C_ PH=x P q+= `\HO
+OQ uaOa~ H^! J^ qÔQ, D z`= qq^ OH=K H+Ò
J=H`, J^xO^ JÒ` OQ J^ ` ~=` _# P` *#=, P`
q*#= u~.
z~"H ^$_ Kk~=u K` I
J<H# OH u^` K` II (~ 17, . 21)
=e# =G=# ~OQ " xO^? ^ H^! J^ qÔQ J<H
[Qk+= O|OkOz# "" =$` `#O^ KOKjOQ Hey#
z`= J^ ``` ukH=Q P`*#= xH_ OÔ_< Òk.
D OiH r=_ ''WC_ <# ~O Oê, q+ HO Oê, "^#
=# K#\H J`_ HK~x= "\x `" O^H`<_. ^xH
H~}O, J`_ `k`~=# ("~#) J<H OH= _ Hey LO_@". JO^K`
D r=x O^ UHQ` H~=_Òk. JOMH=# J<H OH= XH~
z`= H~O LO_ LO_@O K` J`xH ''<# ~= K~^# J< OHO
"=Ò O^H=O^ =~H OH"^ =z "^\ OH=# `"Ok.
HK~x z`=#O^ ''J<H q+= H ''J<H [Q` J# ~=Q "~
"~ OH= =. UHH OH x+_ ''<# WC_ ~= K~K<#... WO^
"tOK#... WO^ Q"#x` O+OKK<#... W@ =# K_.
UHQ` H =OK` J=h ÒQ< O^_. JO^K`< J`_ ~=
K~@, ^=` ` q~= K@... W=h "=`= O^~.
D OKO Z=~< U^< q+= Hey<~O>, J\ q+= "#H
UHQ` ^y LO_ LO@Ok =!
N~=_ : =s! q~ K#^xx |\ P _ `# H H< [Q`
"tOz, JO^ WO^_, ^=`, P L^ "^#q O^_x <#
F u H~}O G 77
Q<#. J~`, < O^"=O>, P x z`=x H<`H"# [Q`

D ~_, KO^_ L^== "^# HH==O` Z\ U~_Ok?
J`x z`=#O^ u J##k U~_@C_ D L^== "^#q
QOK|_= H^! J`xH J<H q+=` _# [Q` Z\ aOK~? P
[Q` H~ Z=~? J=h J\ ZO^ HeOK|_~? J`xH HxOz#Ô`
=# D [Q` =O\^<?

3. O~= J#==
N =+ =i : F ~=! _Qx, h= Qx, <# Qx, =iOH=~< Qx, ~Q
"^# r=Qx... =#=O` ''Lù, q<#=` _# D ^$[Q`#
Z\ K<O? D =^#O K`# q#. Jk q# `~"`, h
OQ =^#O =Ok.... D zÒ U qÔQ ~ kÔ\Ok?
H q+} / J=Q#
One's own
+#\ `k`~
*<Ok ~}
Activation of Impulses Others As Inspiration
& Example
G ~=
Dictations showered by
Scriptures etc.,
1. *<Ok - èÒ_ #O_ D r=x H~H OHq#\ D HO\H
H#|_K# 'uHÔ #O^ ''KK@q#@P}OK@~z~... J#|_
'*<Ok HjH=`<~. Wq H$u O|O^"# LH~}=.
J\ *<Ok=`, D r=_ P q+=# q#C_ J#==
U~_K<~. J\q Hx W+"#q, =iHx J~+"#q WOHx q="#q
JQK<~. Jq z`= xiOK|_ q^=# ^^_K<~.
2. +#\ `k`~ ~} - +Q W`~ Ja=, J#==,
zO`#, ~=, ^, "i "i =~# "II#q D z`= H ~=#
qÒ K LO\~.
78
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
3. G~= - QO^, G= uk#k i L#C_, JOê
q+=# Q L#C_.... J\ r=xH ^$+J=Q#=# i}u
KO^` LO\~. Jq zÒ H ~~Yx =~ H~}==` LO\~.
4. H"# q+} J=Q# - D r=x H"# qK~}, ij#,
J=Q#, i^# D z`= H `^#O`~ uQ`# x~~ LO\~.

D <Q q^=# `=K`< =#=O` _ =# z` O~#
=i<O. J\ =# z`=# J#iOz D [Q`# K<O. J#
q<O, q<O. J> x q+O _. XHx z`= J`x H H~
Z~H# J#iOz Z\HC_ H` ~=# OìOKHO\Ok. WH P
J`x H HH ~HH [Q`h O~ ~O J`x z`= #O^ u
Ok LO@<~.
Z=~< ~, rqOz#C_ Qx, =~}Oz#C_ Qx, = #O^ Qx,
OH#Q~= #O^ Qx... `# z`=#O^ O~ ~=# L#^ J#==Q
O^K<~. Z=_ _, `# z`= x^n U H}O# U=`=
O^_. z`" J#=O.
c[= - ^$O`xH XH c*x fOÔ. Qe, ~~t, < =O\ Hi
H~}= aOz#C_, P c[" 'H=H H==# J#iOz XH ''=
=$HOQ i}qOk. ==$HO H O~=O` P c[O ^y LOk H^!
r=_ - J^ qÔQ, K`#" `# "=~"#\ D r=x O^ ''Jq^
J< O~O L#k. J\ 'Jq^ r=xO^ c[== LO\Ok. WH ''èÔ_
K` kOK|_# D OKuH s~O, 'G`$^... W=h X#Q_
K#C_ Wq Hi H~}=`<~. ''D [Q`# W@ îOK@ J##^
O~==$H=Q i}qOk. F ~"! D r=_ W@ [Q`Q K#Ô`
""xH `# z`=#O^, z`= H == K`<#x QOK. D r=_ Z\
"# |^_, J\ "## J#iOz `#O^ ~=# QOKK<_.
N~=_ : ''< z`" W@ qiOz D [Q` H ^~#= (perception of this world)
Q i}qOk... J< JaO K=`~"# q+".
N =+=i : J=# WO^ ^$O`= =#O O^K# =. XHxH `#
O H#|_ s~= =#= "^#=h O He`= H^! =#
H =# J@ i}qOk. JQ, D [Q^~#= _ XH n~"# =
F u H~}O G 79
=O\k =`". =# H =< ~O~ [QÔQ i}qOz#"

LO@<~.
N~=_ : D '[Q` Z=iH "iH "iH = =O\k J~#C_, ''Wk D
==... Wk i#k... Wk O^~= ... =O\ J<H J#== J< XH
f~Q <~ H^! Wk Q_ J< q+O <#, =~H~ _ J#q<O.
J^ ^$O q+xH = <# O^ = (H) < H< L#"_ O^@
^. JO^K` ''Wk = =O\k J#@O ZO`=~ LzÒ...?
N =+ =i : ''J< XH f~Q H#|_K#k H^?... J##k h
O^=? ~, ^$O`= O` q=i# q#. XH K@ HO^~ x
L<~. "~O` Q Ô <~. ~u J~#k. "~O` xî<~.
"~O^~ `"i `= ^= K=# ` #= QiOz H
HO@<~. WC_ KC.... "~O`, `= = Kz#k XH `#O H^!
"~ XHH~Q `#k XH `#O QiOz S#\H, "~O` "i "i
^~ ~=#, =#, ~[H, |O^= O|OkOz# ==H~= "^#
P q+# J#iOz J<H s`Q P O@# O^K<~.
D [Q` q+O _ JO`. Jq^K` u r=_ _ ''^ `qQO J# ~O
Q `# O D '[Q` J#|_ ^$=# QOKK<_. D ^$=#O
JÔ` ""xH XHH r=xH, J`x "## J#iOz XHH ~HOQ
OOk. Hx J`_ ''<HÔ` Z\ H#|_Ò^ JOîH J> H#|_Òk
Jx =Ò =# K<_. ''< U^k H#|_@^, qQ`"iH J\Q H#|_@
^ J# = U~_@O [~QÒk. XH" JOîH XH f~Q H#|_@O [~Q
Ò>, JC_ Wx "" - Ja^, Wx ~H ^$+, J=Q#
ZO^ LO@<~ KC? [# U~_ ~ H~}O "-" ^$+ H^!
JO^K`, =#O D ''^+^$`= J# ==~=O` xtÒQ
ijeOK@O [iy` =# W@ è=Ok.... ''ur=_ `# z`= #O^ P z`
O~=# J#iOz, XH ==~OQ D [Q`# `# su
QOKK<_.
Jk '[Q` J#|_ ~` q~lÒk =! H#H, ''[Q` ZH_ #O_
|_Òk? J##k =z`"# =^#"!

80
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
4. ~~O
N~=_ : =`! D '[Q` J#|_#k Z=iH "iH `= H O =
=<#~O U~_@, OK@ [~QÒk H^! D [Q` P r=
~~O He LO@<? q_q_Q LO@<? D q+O < q=iOz
KO_. ''< z`= #O^ <# KK [Q` - q z`=#O^ q~ KKK#
[Q` "~"~? J\ J~` XHi "`, J#==` =~HiH =#O
Z\ U~_Òk?
t+# =îOK< LÔ` Q~= ''nxx W\ PKiOKO_ J< ~O
Q '=$ux zOK G q+ ~z<~ H^! J\ G q+ t+
=O K`<~. =i ZO^ KK<~? q~ KCK#@ '' D [Q`
îOK ^+ H = =`"... J##^ "="`, =i XH Q~= H
'' q+=`= J~#\ J`x =H#O, G =K#O J`x t+x
([Q` J#^Q) *Q` Z\ "tOz, q`=`<~? [Q` z`
=Oê H@#" J~#C_ Q~= K@"q\? t+_ qx LîOK|_@
"q\? q~ K '' ^~#O J# ÔÒ H~O Q~=t+ "#O
Qx, '"HO J, ''XHi =# WOHHi =#`
He@O J<k [~Q^ H^?
< O q O XH^x H^~Q =~H\ `~_`<? ^?
N =+ =i : =# ~O_ q^Q LO\Ok- 1) '^ =# 2)^$ ==
~` W+ J~< OiH O|OÔ U~~KHx =i# '=e# =#.
=e# =# ^ =#` He@O JH".
^ z`= ~~O H~. J\Q, XH q^"# OiH ^+=, Pi
~=~Q ^+ =# ~~O H<~.
XH q^"# z` O~^+= Hey#"i H '=# HH`mOQ
=iHx =#O^ _ LO_ LO\Ok. J<H =# XHq^"# '^+^$+`
D [Q`# K<~ (H) O^K<~. JO> Hx q+ J<H =#
XH qÔQ J#==`<~. `èÒQ ''D [Q` =# H^ J# =#
K`#O #O^ ~__ LO\Ok. Wk = H K=`~O. J""x "=O
= KOK@ WO^x Q=`.
UH~= Q [= H<~.
F u H~}O G 81
XH ^ z`=# Uk H#|_Ò^ =~H =#"# ^ z`=# J^

^~#=QK#k. XH q^"# ^+=Q z`= ^xx Z@ QOKK#^, J^
q^"# ^+= L#\ =~H z`= ^xx J> QOK@ [~QÒk.
J~` D r= WÔ` W K_@O "\ "\ "<=OK`< =!
"# H~, D ÒK=# JO^*x 'UH~``*#O HQÒk.
q+ "# L#O`=~ [Q` H#|_Òk. "#` _Hx
K_|_K#Ô` `". ZO^HO>, "# =~ KOk#C_, W^ [Q`
"~H suQ J#==Òk H^!
=`H"# ^$+ L#O` =~H ''J`x J#=O, < J#=O =O\ He`
"h LO@<~. "# `y#C_ D ''<#h=[Q` J<=h '~
*<y O^ `"`<~. ~q+ Jf`Ò x~ =##
=`" ^=QK#k. J\ ^ z` u ''z<` i+`= (The ultimate
essence of absolute self) J# ~` _ =|_Òk.
JC_ r=_ '~= H=^= J~#\ "H=# O^K<_. J<HO
JO`s#OQ ~^ U~_#\ 'UH= Jkf=# îOKK<_.

5. r=_ YO_`=, JYO_`=

N =+ =i : D r=O^~ _ `= `= He` OK=O^ ''
H;H~} s~` O|OÔ Hey LO@<~. "\` `^Ò O^K<~.
eÒ? P [Q`h J<H a#`=` "iH <~. J\ a#`=O`
'|~~~QO^=... J# `<` H 'u (Reflection) K`<
OqOk. D u ^=x P` ""xH ~^ OH ~= (self
luminious), z^H~= (Indivisible consciousness) J~ =#k. J\ 'xi"Ô=
- JYO_= JQ P` P q^=Q, a#=Q HeOK|_K#k. J~`
D H< ==~=O` "== H^.

XH K`#= ~""#k. ~} Q_x^ #Oz "#Q< D
^ ` ==~ =$u O^K<~. J~`, =#O^, *Q`#O^ _ P
= *=#O^ U~_K# =$u x=$`h... UH~"# K`#= H ''~
" K`< kOKK#k. ''UHH K`#*u =#<, =$uO^ ==i#\
D r=O`... ''Wk O_, Wk =G= J##\ J#==h O^QQK<~.
82
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
=$u~ x=$u~ `<`=$` ~H" I
~ r=*` + `^#~" II (~ 18 .2)
1. HK`#= H 'Oz`, iq` =# - 'H K`#= D Lk`
`^`= KO^@O [~QÒk. J#Q '<# D OKuH ^=`_< J<
YO_=# Hey LO\Ok. WOk=O^ [# "tO*Hx, `è`"#
P J#==O^ J^ (Avocation) Hey LO\Ok.
2. kf"#Ô@ #\ UHH |= - ''~r=O^ UHH |" iOz
~^ LO_ LO\Ok. KK"_, K_|_"_ |".
D ~O_ H~}= =#OK` XH~ =~HiK HeOK|_# ^$+#-
$+# J@=O\ ^$+` KKK<~. ''UH`= J^$+ D ~O_ XHi
LO_ LO@<~. z<`=... UH`=... D ~O_O\ H =O K`
z`qz`=# ($+H O|OkOz#) OH ~K# ~~O qoÒ JQK,
J#==`<~. h`" =i<~.
=iHx [Q` H# ~~O qoÒ HO_< "~"~Q LO_, J>
"~"~Q O O^K<~. WH WOHx [Q` ~~O `~_#C_
<#O O^K<~. J#Q XH_ XH [Q`# O^@ ^~ ~O_= [Q`#
`lOz"<_. J\Q XHx D ~A ^$O - ~\ ^$O XH^x`
=~H\ He@O ^ H^! Hh, ^+=Ò? XH_H^!
J~` D [Q`h He@O ~OK@O q_=_O... WÔ` [~QK#k
ZO^? W=h [x#n, LO@#n, ~#k |= #O^ =! |O UHO,
Ô (One and True) J~=#k. D [Q^=h |= H =O
K`< XH ^x` =~H\ H<~. ==~ Q`=# OìOKO@<~.
N~=_ : D 'r=_ J#|_"_=_? J`xH J#==, iq` U~~K
K#k Z=~?
N =+ =i : K`#= H |= ~=Q Hey# D r=_ `# H
OHe`=... O=# ^~< D iq``=O` O^K<_. D
HO U r=x `# QxH J#"#\ U H~ ZK@ "_HK PHi<,
J`_ J^xx iq`^$+K JO^ J#OQ =`" î<_. WO` qOz
JkHOQ J`_ KK@ ^.
N~=_ : J`_ `# Q#"# =## J#iOK D [Q`x ==,
O@# P J~= W, `^#OQ< J#"x O^K<_O\~?
F u H~}O G 83
N =+ =i : J=#. JO^ eÒQ J`_ iq`"# ^$+ ^$H^=#

P~, `# `# iq``x PkOKO@<_.
N~=_ : =`! D ~r= |" J~ =<~ H^! D "~ "~ =#,
Ja^ "^#q Z\, ZO^, Z\ #O_ U~_ LO@<~? g\
#xO\h Z\ J=Q# KH"e?
N =+ =i : ''|=r=... J< `ÒQ=O` ''[=`~OQ=Q
Ja=iOK|_~. JO` [" J~#\H, XH H~@= H PH~=, O==
=~H H~@=# ... U~_K#^? ^ H^! XH z`= =~H z`= H =<
~*x _ J> O^@^. |OQ~=O` XH> J~<, "~ "~ P~} "~
"~Q H#|_@, LQ_@ [~QÒk. XH z`= XH qÔQ, =~H z`=
=~H qÔQ D [Q`# îOKK#k. XH z`=# U~_K# Q#=O
=~H z`=# U~_@ ^. H#H<, Wk =< r=^= H~}=QK#k.
XH H~@= H PH~=, "Q= =~H H~@=` e#C_ ''Wq ~O_ "~
"~ Jx JxOk H^! J^ suQ 'D r= "~ Jx `KK#k. WÔ` J*#
^$+K`< U~_@O [~QÒ^x h= QOK. H~@=xO\# L#k ["
J~=#@... r=xO\ L#k K`#~=Q |". P Jkf x~
xi x`k` JYO_ K`#" *Q$`" D ~LÔ^# "K#k.
"~-"~ Q^ "QK#\ ntY "~"~ q+=# ==^=#
"ey#\H, Jy XH>H^!

6. s~= r=_ ^$= |=

N~=_ : =s! D "~ "~ s~=h H#|_`<~ H^! D s~=#,
D r=*`#, g\x a#`=#, UH`=#, =+ =+# Z
J=Q# KH"e?
N =+ =i : a# =<~[~=Q $+ Qi# H~"#... [=x
`~OQ= =.. |=#O^ U~_K<~. D "~ "~ H~"# XHHC_
HO` =`=# Hey LO@<~. XH =O #Y==@O, XH ^x`
=~H\ O|OÔ Hey LO_@O _ [~QÒk. J\ =O ''Wk =+ (Unit)
Wk =+ (Collective)", ''Wk =+Ô Wk =+ OKuH $+... J#
~= Q ` Z~Q|_K, J#qOK|_Òk. ''<# <k =q "=
84
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
=#= =#k h= hk "~ "ik ... J##Ô` "#K` U~_
JYO_=, J"= JQ "==# H LOK`<~.
J\ =+ =+ ` JkQqOK|_#^#H... H
''J=#u J=#u ^$_=K O^|_#^#H... JC_...
D Ô H J=O JÒ` qHOQ< kOk. J#Q, ''<# ^x
H^. WOê J#== 'H~H J~=# *``" <#. ^= ~H-
H "~Q K`#=iÒ` "QO^K<#. P *``" 'h=, J`_
_- J# Jx~Kh"# XH L`= J=Q# kOk.

^ |OQ~O `# H =~`=# qiOz P~}`=# `# PkOK
O@#@, ^ *~_Q r=_ `#@ s~`x, YO_Ò# PkOK
O@<_. J#Q, z^= (The absolute form of wisdom) XH =O ''<#
x`, xi"Ô JYO_ `=# J# ~=# LO_ `# qH P` ux
U=~Ok. ''DH, K`, `k`~=# PH~= Q ^" <#. nx`
@K<#. nx`< =$k O^K<# tk=QK<# Jx JÒ` ^$_OQ
=# KK#k.

WH D r= H ''`k`~ r= L^ J< J#=O Z\k? q#-
Q '~ QO K` `= H ^ }"=# =~Hi uH
s~O "tO* P "~# ^}=# `= =O KHx P "~# s~O
Oz | ~ ~ ~ QO^# J#qOK@O QiOz q<= H^! =O`G=
x ~H "= W\^. J^ qÔQ XH ^ =# _ =~H $+H P
`"# =<~[=# Z~QK#k. J~` WH_ XH q+O Q=xOKe...
~O r= ~j< =` = Ò t`
*Q` Y =` ^# H~}" (~ 18, . 12)
D r=Oî H '*Q`+ J=x\H PO 'P`
J~=#k. JO`Qx, D J=x\H PO Ô H^ =! Hx, D
'*Q`H# J##k ^= xK kOK@^.
r"` LO>< Ô. Ô LO>< r"`.
D qÔQ r"`, ^=# 'J<< ^+O OqOk. J#Q
r"` J=.
F u H~}O G 85
r"` JO> *Q`+ J=.

`~OQ= HO> [= "~ H#@ D ^= r"`HO> a#"#k H*^.
r"` |=# a#O H^.

N~=_ : Ò_! `` *x WÔ` Z\ î<_?

N =+ =i : J`_ +H P= L#\ x`xi =#ux ~^ Jx `
O^, Jx "O^ QOKK<_. J\ uH ''`s= J< <=O W=
|_Ok. J`_ ''J=Ò H= H`x `# ~OQ =Oz LO@<_.
`# H *#=K K`#H~=Q P`==# O^K<_. ''<# r=_# J#
=# #O_ O~=Q x=$u O^K<_. WH J*x, H#K ^=
O^, J\^=# `~_ H< ~ OK=#O^ =$`_QK<_.
^~H ~= ~ x^~<` I
JV -O|^ r= Ht` ~ H II (~ 18, 15)
''+u J##k =#O, OÒ, P#OÔ Hey LO\Ok. "Hu _
J\^. Hx, "H= #O^ x~u#O^= OKK#k. +u J<k *xH,
J*xH _ =#". J~` *#= O^#\ + `_# J*x P +
QuOz# `~"` , *Q` O^ O~=# J#q<_.
WH *x... ''D O~#==O` "^ J`"#k J# Z~H Hey
LO@<_. WÔ` XH OQ J`"#x J`xH +OQ èÒk.
''<# ~^ JYO_=Q ~ u LO_ LO@<# Jx J`_ Q<_.
*x ~u =## `lOK@^... J*x ^$==~O` UHÒ
O^` ~ux U=~KK<_.
D *x J*# Ô WO`=~H. WH qQ` q+h ^`^".

z^= (Consciousness) ~", ~~= J~ L#k. P H~}O

K`< XH r=_ =~Hx $+H "tOKQQ`<_. XHH $+O^ qa#=
#\ J<H $+ LO_QK<~. J<H $+x XHH^x WOH< J"O`~
$+ ~K#... J~\ =x ^==... U~_ LO@<~. q~=Q
|= =ÔQ< D $+x\ H JO`~= O^ "Oz
#k. D qq^ $+ "tOz L#\H, |=#O^ =Ò U H}=O^
86
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
Z\ ^= U~_@ ^. J^x x~`=, q^`=, J"`= ~^
x~@OH=Q< U~_ LO@<~.
XH c[= '[= ~~t <~= "^# "\` =#=
Ok#C_ Q =$H=QK#k. =~ ^ ^~ ~H c[==#
O^K#k. |= _ H=H~^ H O|OÔK '=# J# ~=
O^Òk. eÒQ D ''@@KK@ J# H## `#@ `< HeOKx,
J#qOKK#k. =~ U^ =O PkH~"#\ ^= (Body which can be
very useful instrument in attaining highest knowledge) O^Òk. '*<i H~}OQ
'q#@ =##O K@ QOK@ J# ~= Q *# O~=#

P~Ok. J\ `= L` $+ [#OQ W`~" ~^ kOz
L#\ '|~= =~ O^K#k.

7. |= [Q` ~OQ OK@O

N ~=_ : =s! |" H~}=Q Hey#\ D r=_ [Q` ~=Q
q[$OaOKK<_ H^! J~` J@ |= YO_`=` _# '<# r=_# J#
""O ZO^ ZC_ Z\ O^K#k? |= '<# |=<...
x`=<... `=<... J# ==# H~ D [#~O~OxO\h
ZO^ `z@O\Ok? JO^ =H~}"^< XH\ L#^?
N =+ =i : |O D 'r=_ J# =# ZO^ O^Òk? J<
''=Q P~OK@ Jx HH WOH =^#O KO. '== J#^xH
=" ^ Jx =Ò ij#K `H è =KK#k. JO^K` ~=#
=", ~=# H~}"# 'P` Z@ H~}~`", = J#|_ D
~O #O_ U~_# 'Ku _ H~} =i`". ''XH_ q<Ô H~H <@HO
î<_... J< q+O, ''q<Ô ZO^ [xOzOk? JO> UO KQO?
==Q |=# =" ^.
N~=_ : |" [Q` H LxHH H~}=, #= _! JO^K` 'r=_
JQ@ [Q`# QOK@ *# =~#K ~`=# uiy Jk~OK@
WÔ` |= H =" J~ L#^x =#O J#H=K?
N =+ =i : |= #O^ H~H~}=, [#H~ Z\ PkO?
|= #O^ UH~}`=# kO*O. JO^K` '|O H =O Wk
F u H~}O G 87
J##Ô` HO` HH`# (comparison) ^$+ @x, Q~t+ ^ H~

=`" HeOK|_Òk. ZO^HO\"? t+xH ''u, Qu# |\ H^,
Q~= ^# ~zOKk! |= ZC_ _...
1. xi+= - JO^ +Oz#Ô@ Un WH LO_^. ~= JkQqOK|_Q
+OK^ |=.
2. x~H~= - ^xH Z\ PH~, q+= PkOKO.
3. xiH~= - J^xO^ ''r=_h=<# "^# qH~= =.
`~OQ=#H, P=~=#H PH~= LO_=K Qx, [=# PH~"H_k?
JO^K` ''|O #O^ D 'H~}OK D 'H~O ~=Q [Q` H Lù
[~QÒk.... J# J^~} ^~~O` _# '^~=# x~zOKO.
ukOKO.
|= xiH~=, Jkf=, JOQ= H^! JO^K` ^~xH Jk
JH~}" J~=#k. JO^K` ''D OK=O` |" Jx ukOz#O`
=ÒK` ''|= #O^ H~}= - xq`=... Oq<~... J# P~}
i H^. J@ ''H~}xq`^ |=#O^ OqOK@ J<k |= H
==#H q~Ô.
H|\ P H~}=, q=~ ~= J~#\ D [Q` q^! JH~}"
J~=#k =!
N~=_ : =iH ~~`=, [_=, ^Y== J~# D [Q` QiOz
qKiOz UO O?
N =+ =i : J=#. JO^K`< =#O ~`=Q |= QiOK
qKiOK@O LzÒ.
''|= #O^ YO_`~=Q '<# r=_# J# =# ZO^
U~_Òk? J< # WC_ ije<O H^! XHxH XH "k =zOk. ZO`
^# J#q, J`_ XH "^x qOK_. ''W`xH D "k ZO^HzOk?
H"xH ~Ô? ZC_ U"q ZOÒ` u<_? ZO^ u<_... Jx P
"^_ ``~O K LO\_? zH` "O@< ~OaOKH` P ~y "k
J#q< LO\_ H^! WH_ =Y"# q+O Uq\? i J~# B+Ô ~yH
W=@O... `^~ ~Qx"~}, L=#O HQ@O... Wq ^ =YO! J^ qÔQ
G=, Q~= _ ''|``=#O^ D [Q^=# ZC_ =zOk? ZH_
=zOk? Z\ =zOk? ZO^ =zOk... J# `~# ~#H< _...'' D
88
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
r=_ |" ~=Q Hey<_, Hx = K` [Q^==# f==Q
Ok ^M^ J#=~O~ O^K<_. |" ~=QQ D r=x
O^ '<# [##=~} ~`_# J# Z~H U~~K@ Z@? W`_ `##
|=Q QOK@ Z@?... J# q+=< `~K ijeOz, Lx+` =O\
L` $+ G= ^~ P L^# ukOK@O [~QÒk. JO^K`,
|" ^ qKiOK|_ QH!
q`#O ==$H==@O, |= r=_Q J=@O -
1. c[= ^H^ OK ==$H=QK#k.
2. |= ^H^# JOwHiOz r=_Q Ok.
D ~O_O\h L=#, L"Q LîOK@C_, XH Ô Q=xOKe.
c[O `# PH~x H~ P 'P, H= "^# ~=h O^Òk
H^! Hh, |O `# ~x `lOKO_< D ''[Q` ^$=... J# ~OQ
H\ `=Òk. J~`, c[" 'JO~= JQK#@ |" D ''^+^~#O
^$O J# ==~OQ ~kÔ\Ok. H|\ c*O~<= ''|=
r=_^$= `y LO\Ok.
N~=_ : c[= L#Ô` PH~`"#k. Hx |", 'PH~=
J#|_ qH~" HeyO_^ H^!
N =+ =i : J=#, JO^K` ''|= c[= =O\^ J< L`H =QO H^x
=#O J#<O. |=`\ `y#Ô@ ZH_ Un < ^.
c[H$u =`~O `<<H$u=`^" I
h[` =H~O `<=t" II (~ 18, . 25)
|= `# =#= `< JQK#k. Jk =iOH ===O\k H^.
H;^$+` Kz#C_ ''D [Q` L`#"#k H^ Jx è=Ok.
J\Q ''Wk L`#= H<^ Jx _ J#=. J~` =# U~_# `~"`<
[Q` LxHx OìOKO\Ok. ^$= J#|_k Jx~Kh", r=xK (H)
|=K OHe`" U~_K#^x QOK.
H# LO>... [Q` _ LO\Ok. H# #C_... [Q` _ ~^
''x^ JQK#k.
^$" <, =`#O # ^ OuI
OKHO` Oq`, H Lû x*u? II (~ 18, . 27)
F u H~}O G 89
XH ^+ D ^$=# K_@O [~QK#C_ `# H P` ~=#

QOK@^. ZO^HO>, P =O J`x *#= OzH q+ "#K
PHqOK|_@O [~QÒk. JO^K` ~=#O^ 'u, x+ U~_@ ^.
eÒ Uq\? U^` U H}O _ HH L<_, ^xH` U =Ò
O|OkOKH L<_... J\ ^x O^ (^$ ==~= #O^) J`xH x=Q
~H"# J#=O HQÒk. WH x[u LO_QeQk Z@? Z#\H?

XH . XH_ =$Q`$+# K#C_ [= H Oux O^K<_
H^! P H}, ''D q Ô JH`Q D =O [O ZH_ #O_
=Ok? ~~t QegzH Hh_ D =_\ =#" W@ [
`~OQ= = < H#|_Òk... J< `*#O U =H "Ok.
ZO_== QiOz ''Hh_ H^... J< i*#O LO_ L#C_, ''Wk [O
J< ^$+ U=Òk? qHi`"Òk H^! = L#C_ ''Wk =$Q`$+
=`". WH_ `\H= LO_*^... J< q+O *HxH ~=@O ^.
XH\ ~O_= ^xx H#|_O_ KOk H^!
=^$+K ''P`, `^$+K [Q`... ''x" JQK<~.
^+ H H (^$+`") PH= = q"# ~= Hey#"
LO@<~. ~` "Oz#^ ~=# HtO*K<~. D K ~
^~=# QOKQQK#k. J~` Wx q+=# KKK, QiOKK#\
P K `## `# =Ò îOKHÒk. Uq K=`~O? == ZO`\
|"#^ H^! KK"x H K P KK"_ HxOK@O^. Hh,
K_|_Ô` Hx#k KK "x<!
`# O^ `# Z\ =# Hey O_#\ r=} =#O ''=H~+_ Jx
<O. J\ =H~+_ ^$~"#\ D ^ `=# HO_, ~~`
P`< QOKK<_. ^$=# ~` q+OQ Oî<_. Hx `#
O^ =# O^K# ^+H, D [Q` =# WOk q+=`"
h`" Ok.
PH= = ~"H"#\ D ^+ `# H ~=~ ~=# Qx, `#
=O\^ J~ =# W`~ ~=~ ~=# Qx QOK@ ^. |O PHO
= Jx", ~` "Oz L#\H D r= ZO` Ò K# `~"`
_ J\ |=# îOKH`<~. ZO^K`? D ^$=# ^$~=Q
KK#O`=~ | ~ JÒ` ^~=Q L#^ JQK#k.
90
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
WO^ XH HH"# ^$O`= K`#, q#. XHK@, 'O_ "^# Hx
^~ L<~... XH =H K J@ _Ok. HO\ == uaOaOz
#O` =Ò K` P =H "\x K_Q_? ^. P H# "#H ^+ L<_. ^+
=$ux Ok`< ^$= O^|_Òk. J~`, P ^+ P =$`# Ok#O`
=ÒK` qz#_ J"_ H^. J`_ ""xH H``", ^$+x _
"eyOKK#"_ LO@<_. J\ ^+ ^$ q+~= Ok#C_ =`"
''O_ "^#q `#O^ HtO*<_. P ^+ q+~`" O^@
^#H... JC_=Òk...? P ^~= J#=O ^+ H`~O H^.
JC_ ''D ^~= Wk, W\k... J# J#=" LO_^. D ^$=, |=
D ~O_\ H J#= W\"!
r=x O^ '=$u =~ =~ q+~`= O^Òk. J\ P =$ux
q+`= #O_ "~ K H "# |k O` ''H= ~=` ~=
#O^ ~O*e. Wk H+`~"# q+"#\H J=K D OK=
Jh O J=`~ H^! ''D [Q` `~_K# '<# h= Jk Wk...
"^#=h ~" J~=# P`HO> "~#q H=... Jx x~O`~ x=
HeyO_@=<k H=H=OQ K JOK` `H ^". ZO^HO>, `=
Jk H^! `"= [`!
N~=_ : J<H HH ==~= x~iOK@ x=Q" # = J\
JO ^"#O\~?
N =+ =i : "u`=Q P H~=# PH~ÒQ (without attach-
ment) x~i LO_ "iH J\ P` ^$+ " J=Òk. F ~ a~!
~[#~! q~O` J\ =`~=Q P`^$+ HeyO_@H Ò KO_.
''JYO_=, x`= JQ P` <# J# =# Hey O_@ Uq H+=#k?
J\ =## =##~HOQ îOz, P HH [Q` Uk Z@ Lz`", J>
x~iOKO_. nx =# q " [~QÒk. Jx "@ `y`~.

F ~=KO^! D ^$"` HxOk. Hx ^+ Hx<_? ^ H^! D
uH s~= ^+K "eyOK|_K#k =`" Hx, =Q ^+ H^.
^$OK ^$` `#, ^? ~=! #` I
^+= O=u UH! #` ^$" W J II
^~xH '^+ =`" L<_. ^$= U =`= < ^. ^+ D
^$= ^xx Z@ O=# K_, Jk P ~=Q< O LO\Ok.
F u H~}O G 91
=Q ''~~_ J~ LO_@K '^+ ^$~=Q iOz

LO@<_.
N~=_ : D ^$= H#|_K# ^+ WOê U H~}OQ U~_K<~?
N =+ =i : D ^$=O` ~#`" =! J\ P ^$O U^
HK ^+ U~_@O J<k JÒ` JOQÒ.
^$= `Q, h HO> "~Q < ^. WH '^+`= h HO> "~Q
ZH_O@Ok.
H|\ ^$= Z@ J"=", ^+`= _ J> J"==. D ^$
^+`= P= ~O_O\H Jf`" h H ~= x" L#k. P
~" JYO_", Jkf", ~` "Oz#^#k. J~`, ^~^$+x
(perception of matter), `^~ ^+`= (the stance of perceiver) # q_<_H =@
K`< D r=# x``=Q P``` = J#==Q@^. ^+`=, ^$=#

JkQqOz# J=Q# OOkOKH#"iH ''^$= < ~" J# =#
" JQK#k.

8. z`= [Q`
N~=_ : J~` =hO^! '~H=O`_Q ~A Q D P` ^$=#
OkOz, J\ ^$=# `#`< ^+`= =OKK#^x J#=K<?
N =+ =i : J=#. JO`_ P`K `#H~ `< xiOKH#K#^ Jx
J#H `^. P` `# H W`~=# JHh O_ H=O XH ^~=#
(q+=#) P~Oz#C_ P ^~=< J#qOKK, J\ ~=Q<
L^~OKK#k.
H$ux '=^~= J# ~= H L" \ HO ~=#
O^Òk. J^ =^~= `#H ~~`= `lOKO_< ''=
+=` "^#"\O^ JO`s#" LO\Ok. J^ qÔQ...
''z` (Awareness) J# L= ~=QQ D r=_ D '^=
"^# ~=# O^K<_. D ^+ `#H z`~=# `lOKO_<,
''^+^~#=Q JQK<_. `#O^ '*Q` J# =# QOKK<_.
''D 'LC YO_= W`~O ZH_ LO_ L<~? J# =^#O
''Wq '=}= J# ~= ~=# [=#O^ LO_ LO_q Jx Ke H^!
J^ qÔQ PÒ^ JOH~= "^#q LO_ L<~.
92
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
J<H =\Q_ XHK@ L<#H... P =\ Q_x\ L#k XH=\
H^! XH z^= J<H PH~=Q#, ~=Q# L^~Ok. ''z` ~
L=K J<H ^$=Q ^$=#=QK#Ô` ~^=Q ~"!
J@=O\"..... D [Q` YO_= _!
'K`#= `# H OH= =OK` xiOK|_K# ^$=# `<
OQ QOKK, J#qOKK#k. r=H D ^$ OK=# D qÔQ
O^Òk. J#Q P` `# H q $` ~=# D ~=Q =# K
K#k... Jx qA J=Q# KO@<~.
WH =#"# PH~= Hey#\ "# L^~OK@O K` Hx [Q`
YO_= ~~O He@O [~QÒk. J@ qq^ [Q` XH^x` XH\
=i =~ ZC_ #tOKK<~. =iHx [Q` YO_= XH^x` =~H\
He@" ^.
F ~=KO^! h= '~= H;^$+`, '*#=` _# z`=` WÔ`
Q=xOKe. D "k OK=# K<"? z`=#O^, PH= #O^,
t O^, Jy* O^, "= #O^, J~}= O^, =^ Q~=
O^, u ~=}= #O^ "Hk '[Q` == O^|_K<~.
u #= yO[# #< LO_ L#k H^...! PsuQ, u z`=#O^ H
Hk [Q` L<~. D z`=# (J#Q D z`=x [Q`) k
Hey#C_ D z`" 'K`#=Q JQK#k.
J#|O^=, ^=# - ^=, ~"H= J~# ''K`#= H
JO`~= #O^ ~~ "#= kOk. J\ "#" D r= H
J#|O^= ^== _. J\ J#|O^`= H~}OK` XH =Q
| "^Q $+^=`K HeOK|_# D uH [Q` r=O^ uaOaOk.
D OK= XH n~ = =O\k. HO^~ r= XH = #O_ =~H
=# O^K<~. W\ ~O~ H i=}" ^$=Q J#=
==Òk. "# ^~= (density) K Jk ^$_~=# O^Òk. K`#= `#
H "#x J#iOz ^xx Z@ q Jk J> J#=~O O^Òk. P
qÔQ K`#= ^$OQ J#q#Ô` J#==O `=Q<
LO\Ok. XH c[=#O^ =$H``=O` ^y LO@#@, "#` xO_#
z^}=#O^ H;- ~=# D [Q`h LO@<~.
F u H~}O G 93
z` ~=}=, [Q` ~=}= - ''z` JO> 'Z~H H^! D J<H =Ok

r= J<H z` ~=}=. J\ D z` ~=}= =< "z`"
[Q`~=}= O^ "t<~. D ''[Q` z^=... ~~ "=,
~~ ="= ZO`\ P~H~"#k!
XH qÔQ WH_ z^H" z^H=#O^ [Q`Q ^~#==@O. J#Q,
""xH b#==@O [~QÒk.
D z^H=< =~=Q [Q`Q JO^~ K_@O [~QÒk.
H|\ ~=! h= ''^ `= UH`=... J# ~O_ = `lOz"~. D
r= 'z` J# JO=# ==Q Hey<~. J\ g~, 'zÔ=
J~#\ ^HH ~=# J}=# U^ J#"# ==~= =
QOKK<~.
""xH ^+ J#"#Ô@ ZH_ Un OqOK^. ^+ ^$~=#
qiK...., Pk<_.
|^=x #O_ XH H@H= =~ D ~} r=# q^#=, =# K
su... JO`_ "i "i JO`H~}k (=# |k z`= JOH~=)
K`< Ok. J~`, '*Q$`x ~==~= Q_ x^ =O
=~Q#_ LO@#@, O~ "H= P~OK =O P`^$+ =~Q#
_Òk. HO r=x WÔ` 'JH\ ÒQ, $+HO #=O
Q 'H\ ÒQ#, JQK#k. J#Q, D [Q` ==~^$+ JO`H~}O LO_
LO\Ok. qOK|_#Ô` JkQqOz, qOK"x ``"q\ ijeOK=...
| "^Hx ~Q=~ WH_ Q u r=x ~= (^$~` ^+Q)
x`=, JYO_=, J"= J~=<~.
^` Ou, =+ - F ~"! D [Q` XH Jx~Kh"# '~}Q Ok.
^~"# ^$+x OOkOK# =h WH_ 'J~=O`"#k,
~=O`"#k - J##k Un aOK#k. f="# [~= kO|_ =#=_
i~=h uiy`#@ q LO\_. J\Q D 'r=_ Jx K|_K#
'z` ~_ `#`< ^ `"# ~^# J#q<_. ~=Q P`<
J`_ J@ qq^ s`Q (J<H [Q` ^$~O~ ~OQ) O^K<_.
K`#" ~=QQ D z` J}= (r=_) `#H 'JO`H~}=
(=#, |k, z`=, JOH~=... J# Lk)K D WOk= "tOk.
g\ ^~ WOk*#= "_ QÒk. =Q q=Q ^$-
^~=# iOKK#k.
94
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
D ^$=# 'c[`= Jx K^Q K`#= ~"H=, <~`=
=! XH K@ J<H O_<~. Jq P = =iK` xiOK
|_`<~. O_x\ L#k => H^! "~ "~ == `~ K
|_# "~ "~ O_ "~"~# =\= Hx~. "~"~ O_ XH O_,
=O\ D =+ r=_ Ô "tOz WOk= ^~ `k`~
^=# QOKK<_. J`_ ''<# ^=# J# ^$+ `lOz#C_, `#
O^ =i W`~ O_ (^=) _ \H= = Ju H;"#\
'P`H=# QOKQ_.
''<# <~`=Q P`# Jx QOz#C_ J\ =`_ ~ Oê
<~``=#, J^`=# QOKQQK<_. `# O^ ~=#, ~=
#O^ `## ~^ OîOKQ_.
=+ |O_`_ - ''<# D =+ `` =# J# =+ JOH~=#
P~Oz # =~H r=_ `#O^ J<H ^+=` _# D [Q`#
QOKK<_. `# K# =+ ==~O n~HOQ JÔ Ok, =xy
``<_. JO^< ''L`# q<= J# O O^K<_. J\
~=Q [Q`#O^ J<H ~=# ''= = =O\q XH
~O~Q O^K<_. Txi`"# ~`tY~O #O_ Txi`"# [Ò
"O@ Txi`"# s~=# îOKK, c`=O` J#q<_. (=+
$+ OHi - |^=_).
q^, Jq^ - F ~=KO^! JOMH=# L^` _# D q~"#
OK=# Q=x<"? W=h H"# H<K=`~= K`< i<~.
D ^... K_. g\ Hx ^= ~~OQ J<H = q==
Hey LO@<~. =iHx ^= ~= `lOz" PÒ^ u Hey
LO@<~. Hx ''"", ^$=#=QK# D OKO J`, Ò J~
=#k H^? J# Z~H HeyO_, WH P, `k`~ r= =< P ^$
==~ H_=ÒQ #K<~. J\ r=#'*# Jx JO@<O.
N~=_ : Ò_! D ^$= q_q_Q "~ "~ O~=` _ Hx#
D r=O` `=Q L<~? ~?
N =+ =i : D ^$=O`\ iOz=#k P`. P` ~=H
Jk#= J~=O_@K` WO^ ur=_ ''`" J~=<_.
JO`H^...
F u H~}O G 95
ZK@ ~"Q P` H^, JK@ =O q=~~=# L^~< L#k.

r==, P r== H u, P u =~ r==... W@, P`
~=Q Q u rqO^ U~_ LO\Ok. r=_... P r=x =~H
r=_... JOê ur=x =iHO`=Ok r=... D qÔQ J~\ =@= XH
r=x JOMH=Q r=~= LO@< LO@<~.
'OKO J#^x` _#"_#\ D r=xOê 'r=` H~}O Uq\?
Jq^` _#\ K`#" =!
N~=_ : J~`, =s! Ju n~HOQ [# H~ =^ zH# D r=xO^
~~Q U~_# J`= èQk Z@? Z#\H? W`x P`
O|OkOz# J#=O U~_k U qÔQ?
^$|k~=$` =" `^# #~" I
g=H@HkÒ i*`q#u II (~ 18, 63)
N =+ =i : r=xH D |k ^$^~=" Ja=Y" LO_ LO\Ok.
WC_|k, ^$^~= #O_ "#H =~|_, `Q`" Ja=YO J~`
K. P~}`=# Jf`"# ^$+` KK"iH ^xO^ |OQ~" `H"
f~Òk H^! D r=_ `#Oê ^~`=# JkQqOz", JC_
`Q``=` HtOKQ_. J#Q `#Oê 'P`H}= J~=#\
JYO_`= J"`=, Js~`=, Jkf`=, JH`= # J`_
QOK@O [~QÒk.
J~` P~}= H`Q U"< `=K =~`= =z_Ò^?
N~=_ : ^. P~}= (QA, Q) "^> =~=, H`Q =~`=
~=# x^.
N =+ =i : J=#. J^ qÔQ, ''<# =Q `Q`~=<... J#
=# ~=QKO_Q, D JO`~ OK=O` J\ r=x ^$+
=Q ~`" Òk. <# `Q ^ `Q` ~_<.... Jx x~
$^_ Q=xOKK< L<_.
qK~<û H-OHq^q`" I
`#~q=H n~r=[~= II (~ 18, 64)
Z=xO^`, ''<<=ix? D OK"q\? J# qK~} HQÒ^, J\
"xH =`", ''`Q` J<k <Oê x``" Jx è=Ok. J\
96
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
^~#= Ok#O^ [#OQ Q ~Q~OQ # 'O~= J#|_
D n~H q==O` `yÒk.
J\ HO_... Z=x ^$+ J~`, ''Wk [Q`, Wk h=. Wk <#. Wk <k.
Wk O^=#k... J#|k `Q^, J\"_ |O^= Hey LO@<_.
N~=_ : D r=_ `#Oê ~`=# J#=~HOQ QOKO>
``qK~} XH> ~}=x <# J#O@<#.
qK~ q*#` I
k<#k#=u `#=O QQ$^` II (~ 18, 65)
N =+=i : J=# x[". J~` ^k Qey#\ U =#A_` XH" q+}
J=Q## OiOKO@<, =~H" `#Oê Q`=#
H}H}O H}O*O@ LO\_... J\ "xK K|_K# qK~} =`"
=QK#^x QOK.
=Oz B+Ô q P~QO O^`= H^! ''WOk=# [~OK@
J##k J q"H= J##k =O`=` LO@Ok.
J\ HO_, HOî q+O XH qzÒ [~QÒk. "i q"H=
H=O =K<=ÒQ< (H|~=~H) LO\Ok. P q"HO "i =##O^ U~_@
^. "i J=Q#, H~ uaOaOK@^. z`@Ox Jy` h
HKHQ=? =##O^ q"H=# @O KHx"_, =@ KQey
#\H, Jq"HQ< +OKK<_. J~` 'q"H= J<k Q`"# J=Q#
O|OkOz#^Qx, Q`"# ~-<=-H^ O|OkOz#k H^.
''HiH #y@ J# =~= }O K =O^ `#
=#=xH =`" q"H= qHOK@ [~QÒk.
"= H ` (The existence of air) Zx =@ qO> Z~QQO? P
"= =## iOz#C_ H}O Z~QÒ H^! Jx\H< =YO J#=O.
XH z`@Ox Jy x["< JQ? JOê J=$Ò x["# J=$`=?
JOê x["# ? H^ H^! J\Q ''"Kq"H= U~_#O`=ÒK`
x["# q"HO Ok#@ HH=K Jx ` *Q~H` KCK<#. ''"K
=` q"HO (Not true discrimination), 'iq` ^$+ L#K@ Jq"H" J=Òk.
J#=" q"H=# `~}O.

F u H~}O G 97
=O`HO "tOz# =#O Hx q U~_`~ H^! J\Q q"H=

L^~#\ r=xO^ Hx q =# H#|_` LO\~. q"H= H
PQ=#=K "@"^@ ~Q= #yÒk. P `~"` "~= ==Q
#tOzÒk. JC_ *#= qH LO_Q, '' W+ == aOKQH! J~+
== `Q QH... J# P" H" _ H=OQ #y` LO\~.
H|\ F a~! ~[#~! J#==` _# q"H=Q =#=_
^#_. J`_ ~==#_. q~O` qH Jq"H=# `yOKH=\xH<
x J=O_. D L`= =#=[# Ok#O^ Q# '~H` uOKO_.
Lu+! Lu+!

9. ^ K`#= OzH H=
N =+ =i : F ~=KO^! XH =$H=# ~Ou c[" J~=#k H^!
D r=# c[= ''|= J~ =#k. J\ |= PH= = ~`
"K#k. D r=x@ =# HxOK [Q` J<H [Q` JO`s#"
L<~. J~\ =@=, qQ ^ OY L# H@H== D r=x
O^ J<H=Ok r= L<~. "q K=@ #O_ P Hq*=O`
L`#=Òk KK"? ^ K`#= JO`~= O^ J<H ^$
~=# îOKK J#qOKK#k. Jk ZH_ ^xx P~O^ JH_
J^xQ J== i}q< LO@Ok.
D r= J<H q^=# P~@=` U"q `= K<~, J=h
'`k K` =`" z=iH i= O^K<~ =! J~` "~ =^
=^ U L<H==K UU qÔQ u~ P qÔQ J> P
i}= =<~.
^=`# lOK"~ ^=`< O^`~. # P~kOK"~ <
K~K<~. ~}Q~_Q |# P~kOK"~ |< O^K<~.
JYO_=, x`=, ~= JQ |=# P~kOK"~ |#==<
O^K<~. H|\ ~=! Uk L`="#^ Jk hK` P~kOK|_QH!

=# _ "@"^@ 'J~ ~= J# ^$=# KK_. J@
K#C_, ''=e# z`==K |^_ J~<_. =~H =O ''<#
98
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
^+ OiH ==# P~OK<q\? J< '"=# P~OK_. =~
`#, ^#=# x~iOK@K *#=# =iOK_. z`= ^=
J~Ok. J\ z`x~`= H ==K ''=Hx OkOK_.
""xH D r=_ ^ K`#~_.
^ ``#==#O^ LO_ LO_.... D ^K`#= XHC_
HH`mOQ OzH =# H=# =Q P~Ok. J~`, XH_
P^=~z#O` =Ò K` `##`# H=K<_? < ^. J\Q U r=_
_ ZC_ HO> 'P``=# U =Ò H=@ ^.

10. *Q` + `s=

N~=_ : =s! q~ *Q` +# QiOz Hx q =
K~. g\H XH^x` =~H^xH Q O|O^"q\ =iHO` q=iOKO_.
D *Q` `== ==~`", H~ H~}=` _#^ W@
ZO^ Ok?.... = =Q# J`=Q# ZO^ LO_ LO\Ok?...
*Q` ~OQ#, O J~OQ# ZO^ U~_ LO\Ok?
N =+ =i : ur=x H ^ z` ~=# PH~=Qx, qH~=
Qx =. Jk ==HO> =#=O^ LO_@K "f`"#k. Jk Q}= "~
LO_@K uQ}~`"#k. Jx~Kh" LO_ _, ''LO_@ QOK@
P#OkOK@ J# =_ H@# Hey LO\Ok. (`-z`-P#OÔ)
^~O
==
J#= =
uQ}=

*Q` = +

=
F u H~}O G 99
F ~"! *Q` ~`H"#k = J~"#k... J<

JaO h= "e|KK<= H^! J~` = _ P = J#qOK
|_K#\ =O ''Wk "=" J< Ja= HQ*< L#k. J\
JaO HeyOKH` '= J< J#=" LO_k H^. JO> = _
P == *Q` H}= Hey LO@#> H^!
J^ qÔQ D '*Q` _ J<H J~=# q+= Hey LO_@O K`
WÔ` `" JQK#k. WH ''J#= q+O (The process of experiencing)
q+xH =.... ''Wk ~= Wk J~= J# =# OK@O Òz, *Q`
= ^"=#k KC? P ~O_O\x 'J#=O J##k =Ò ="
J~ L#k. P ~O_ _ ^+ H J#== H^!
O _ HO HO` ~`=# r=# OkO*< L#k.
JO^K` #=O *Q` J#==# =#"#^.
J\Q XH_ `#H J#==#, O|O^=#, =## Q~
`KO@#C_ J=h =Q< $^HO K_|_K LO\~.
J D *Q` =# ''J#== J#=A_... ^$ Kz#C_
U J#=O ZO` ~OQ LO\O^ KC?
''= _ *Q`=< J#=O HQ^?- Jx K\xH J<H
^$O` L<~. ''iO^_ J# ~A XH ~u Oê O 12
O=`~ n~"# J#=O OzOk. ''J`= HO_@... J# J`x
*Q` O~O O _ uOzOk. U |kH ''~O= (That
which tends to be constant) K =#O D *Q`# K ''WÔ` ~"#^... Jx
=# K@O [~QÒ^, J^ |kH ~O= H~}OQ = _
=O J\ =# =#O Hey LO@<O. ''= _ *Q`=<
Jx q^= J#==# ~Q^ J< q+O =#O Lù H~}O x
=}M#O Q=xOK= H^!
O _ *Q`= '*<O ~"#^. J~` '|k Hey L#C_
=`" ==~O OK@O [~QÒk.
Uk ZO`=~ ~OQ ` LO@LO\O^ Jk JO`=~ '*Q``
=#" H^!
*Q` - WH_ ([Q`) Hx# J<H qh ''H}OQ~" J~
LO_@K D *Q` _ = =O\^.
100
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
^xK`<` D s~= LrqOK|_Ò^, J\ s~O`~` `` =<, ''`[=,
g~=, r==, K`#= "^# ~` <~. D 'rqOK@ J# H~
H==# `= P K`#". D s~O =<"H~K (by, thought, speech of action)
==~= x~i#C_... }"=K i`"# r=K`#O $Ô
#O_ |@ "_K#k. ^ OKiOk. r= K`#O Ô`~O
L# <_ OKi#C_, s~=O`\ '*#O H 'Oq` L^~Ok.
P r=K`#" '^$= " iOKK#C_ ''[Q`# O^K<# J#
=# O^K#k. W\ J#==< 'z`= Jx JO@<O. J#Q r=K`#"
^$=# O|OkOz# '[Q` =# `# O^ JO` O_ îOKK#k.
J\ [Q`= J@ *Q`#, W@ O# _ L^~Ok. q~O
Òk.
*Q`- ^$ ~O_ z`= H JO`~`-JO`~O`~ q!
N~=_ : J~` D [Q^~# ==~=O` z`= H JO`~`= U~_
LO@# K=`~"#O\~?
N =+ =i : J=#. Z\ JO\"? D r=K`#" '<`= "^# 'WOk
z^= QO_ ^= " KO^K#k H^! J@ " KO^K,
"gzH= `# iOz# K@# PHqOKK q^ qH~=K ~=Q
~=# `#O^ `# QOKK#k.
r=K`#= `Q ~`=# Ok LO@#C_, H}"#
~`=# =# îOk. J^suQ `Q J~`= O^K#C_,
J^ J~`=# J> JO`~=# _ îOk.
D r=x H 'Wk ~=Q< L#k J# =# J`x ''` H ~`=
# O|OkOz#^ Hx, =iOH ^xH O|OkOz#k H^. =# Un ~Ò
HeyO_@^. J> JO`~=# _!
h =## J#iOK ~= hO^ =iOKK#k. z`=# J#iOK
[Q` ^$=#=QK#k. OH=# J#iOK, D H#|_ x`x`
J#== U~_@O, LO_@O [~QÒk.
^xx Z@ O^K<", JÔ` J@ h z`= #O^ OKK#k.
O _ z`= H '*Q` "~#K@ x~i# ~K<
K=` $u!
F u H~}O G 101
+ - =~H =O D s~O =# " H~K U =Ò H

KOÔ_ LO\Ok. J#Q =#"H~ =#O H x|O =Oz
LO\~. JC_H r=K`#= O`=Q#, `Q# LO\Ok. '=`=
KOk#\ }"=` _, Ja`" LO\Ok? Qe gzH xK@ nO
OK# ~ÒQ LO@Ok KK"? ''+ J#|_ ux ''x=QK@ "eQ
nO` =K. D =O J===Oê <_O^ ^$ q+
O|O^"# r=~O LO_^. J#Q <`= "^# WOk= ^~ |
~} (outward flowing) LO_^.
#=O^ #< L#@ =OK#O^ j`= LO@#@, <~ ``=
LO@#@ +x r=xO^ =# JO`~`" =~Q#_ LO\Ok. J\
=O, WOk q+=g ^xO|_@^. H#H r= K`#= |`
O^ == =Oz LO\Ok. XH<H ''=} ` u J#==Òk.
*Q`HO> "~ `H` Q =# ux Ok LO\Ok.
J\ +^ *# J*#= Ô LO_^. Hh 'Z~H J##k LO_
LO@Ok. P Z~H + =O '=#= J# J#== O^K#k.
`s= - Wk *Q`+HO> qH}"#k. J~`, J\ =_
==O^ Jk HtOKK< L#k. [i` LO@#k. Wk "~#\ XH
J= H<H^. =_ J=O^ _ x=Q, =~K~ O^H L#\
x`H`" ''`s=.
N~=_ : =s! D `s= ZC_ Z@ Z\ "iK O^|_Òk?
N=+ =i : XH_ J<H `= [#OQ =i G~=#
ZQ@K K`#= H x`=`=# QOKK<_. ``[#OQ, =
^$ ==~=#O_ 'L~ux O^K<_. D ~O_O\h xt`~KK#\
`= K`< | H`~= OKK#k.
UHQ`, qK~} y ''~ =`= J<_ ^$_"# '^# Hey LO@<_.
J`_ *Q` #O^ LO_=K... ^... = H += P~OK
=K. ==~j_ D OiH, HH H~H==O^ x=Q_ LO_=K. ^,
~ H~H==# `lOz UHO` x+_ LO_=K. Uk U"#\H J`x ''x
~=x`k` uH U=Ò @ LO_@O ^. ''D <#h=J`_[Q`
J# ==~=O`... ~i+=, ~= J~#\ ... P`HO> "~ Uq
H^... Jx QOz, J`_ D ~=# îOKK<_.
102
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
J\ u< =#O '`s= JO@<O. ""xH `su Jx~Kh"#k.
=@ JO^xk. J~`, J#==K QOK|_^! *Q`--+ H=
H, Jf`",.... P =_ q+=# `# O^ HeyO_ L#\k.
+ #O_ *Q` #}O - + O^ r=K`#=
=`=# O^K, }=` OK#~`"# UH`= O^Òk H^!
J\ r=K`#= HO` ="# `~"` =~ }=K OKe`=QK#k.
JC_ J#==# O|OkOz# O^# O^<~OaOk. H=OQ WOk
^$ q+= QiOz# KOK=K K#= O^Òk. JC_ Q=
O^@ J#"#\ W`~ O~= 'L^^ ~kÔ\Ok. J\
L^^ 'z`= ~=# L^~OKK#k.
+ #O_ =xH #~Q=#O - u H #" =O
r=K`#= "== ~=# H< [Q`# =Q O^Òk. J\
= H eÒQ `# JO`H~}= #O^ ^$=# jOQ J=HOK@O,
`# J^x O^ #\ J#=O O^@O [~QÒk.
ZC_` r=K`#= }"=K HOK= OaÒ J=Ò^, JC_
'=#K@ J# ux O^K#k. WH Z=Q OaÒ J=@O [iy` JC_
qs` =## P [Q`#O^ O^@O [~QÒk.
<_ '+[=K ~" LO_#C_, P =O x^= LO_
r=_ `# JO`H~}< J#==, O@#, O== O^K<_.
JÔ` ''=# U~_ U"" O@# J#x J`_ î LO\_.
=O <_ ~H=K ~" LO\~. ^`="# ^=#, He`"#
H=# r=_ `#O^ =<~HOQ *Q`` =#OQ< QOKK,
''WÔ` =#O^ U~_Òk... Jx =Ò J#O@< O^K<_.
#=O _ *Q^#=O =O\^! - D r=_ = _ ''<`^
^~ *Q` = #Oê = *=# J=HOK@... J# J#==`
=#"# ==~`=< O^K<_. ""xH J`_ uH"# <`=#
LyOK@" ^. <` ~` O^~#O H#QÒk.
N~=_ : O O@# ~zOKK#k ^+<? =iOH=~<<?
N =+ =i : D r=_ J#== J##k ~=Q H"_ J~=<_
H^! W`_ `#O^ U "# Hey=O> = P "# O|OkOz#
O@#< QOKK<_. J~`, P = O^K# =O r=K`#=
F u H~}O G 103
D <`= "^# WOk=H iOKO_< PK< O|=# (Dis-

turbance by coming across series of thoughts) =Ò O^K#k. Jk `# JO`
H~}=#O^ `# "## J#iOz P ^~= O@# O|OkOz#

J#=O HeOKH#K#k.
JO^K`, D r=xO^ = = #O_ =~=~ HeOK@^.
J<H<xz^ ` -#~= I
Oq^#=` Wu H^` II (~ 19, . 33)
O (x~K#O) r=K`#= H =O^|k "#` _#\ =
`~OQ=. JO> uH"# WOk= x^}" LO_Q, =#K H T
O^ WOk#== QOK@O.
|k =O^=Q LO_@O, "# q[$OaOK@, Pi... D =_ J@
=#, W@ *Q` _ H~}=QK<x QOK.
*Q`H #"O -
=H<kz^ "<^ I
iu `*Qk`~x `= II (~ 19, . 34)
r=_ }"=K q|" k q+=# HOK@# =#
*Q`x =z<~. JO> }"= <_O^ WOk=O^ iOK
KO_Q, ' == q+= O~# "#` _ =#` *_Oz
J#==# O^@O.
J~`, *#=O`_, n=O`_ J~# "_=_ J`=Q D [Q` #O^
Z#_ `` |k HeyO__ =!
D `=Q ==~=O^ ''W=h `" Jx =# K"x ^$+
OQ.... PûH PkuH Pk^qH... ` O^\xH H~}=QK#k.
D '*Q` q+" ``|kx P~OK O~r= u Z<x ^+=
K@ WO^ K@O Z=i`~O? D '^$ H O~ ==~O Hx# D
q+= `=, x`=... J# `^`" =$`=h....WOê J`=#
Jx`=# Zy, `^`= KOÔ_> J=$``=h H= KCK<~.
JO^K` J\ O~ ``^$+x [~OK@# ''=$`=# [~OK@ Jx
QOK.

104
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
11. =# H ~=
N =+ =i : F ~"! WC_ h '*Q`=+ ~"q\
Hx q K# H^! WÔ` P`q+O H\ OK\xH gQ K#.
JO` qOz "\K "~ [#O ^.
XH W#QO_ Jy` O|OÔ @#^#H... JC_=Òk? Jy H
~=< O^Òk H^! J^qÔQ D z`= ^$_x=` U ^~=#
ZO`Q qO^ JO`=~ J^x~=< KO^K#k. ''==J==,
''QOK@`lOK@... "^# ^$+h K`#O #O^ HeOK|_K<~. WH_
U"q Hx< J=h 'H# ~=Q Hey L<~ H|\ Jq `=
Z\ J=`~ KC?
N~=_ : Hx, J#===@O [~QÒk H^?
N =+ =i : J=#. D r=_ ''H# (Projections of the Mind) # P~Oz#O`
HO D ^$==~O O" Z^~Q LO_ LO\Ok _! U=~=
g^. JO^K` =<K=K HQKO_# D = J"#, Q}
`Q# ''Jx~KhO Jx qA Ja=i<~. Jq =# H x~K<#
J#iOz LO\~. D [Q`# =# D H#|_ qÔQ x~tOK@OK` W@
J#==Ò^!
Uk P` HO> `k`~" `~_Ò^ JÔ` P ^+ H =#!
^$"! ''=+ ~=# Ou U~_\xH H~ D =#! J#Q, =# ''<#
XH =+x Jx =##O K@K =+ U~_Òk. J> =+ ~=# '[Q` uH
H~}=QK#k _ =# =! q=# H~}`=Q =# ~
HOH= ==.
F ~=! =# ~+_. H|\ Z\Q< ~, D =## =~=#
xyOKe. ~[#~! D =##, nx ==# KHQ QOKO_. nxx
=~=#O^ `~HOQ xyOK@O LzÒ. ~^ ~O _.
HK~x J#=O Uq\ Q=xOK~ H^! D uH ^" ~+_ LO>
JÒ` |k=O`_# _ J<H qH~=` _# [# Qi# = Z
O^_? H#H, ~+H~= J<k ~^ =# O|OkOz#^ Hx s~=
x~iOKk H^. P 'Q_ Z\Q` H=O [_=`" O x~kH~= H
LO\O^, D s~=# _ O x~kH~O ^. =# ^xx =##O
F u H~}O G 105
KO^ J> ~= Ok. JO^K` ` ~HOQ q+=h

`lOK|_QH! D =# L`"`="# ^xO^ xyOK|_QH!
N~=_ : D =## xyOK@H, D [Q` #O^ Jx\H<
L`"`="#^k?
N =+ =i : Jx\H< L`"`="#k. =`~"#k ''~".
N ~=_ : J\ ~=# =#` ^xOK@ ZC_ ZH_ Z@
LHqOKe?
N =+ =i : ~=# ^xOK@, qOK@ =~H ^=#
"=# <=#k? ~[#~! P` == ~^ Lk~Ò. = ~Ò,
J"O, xÒ J~=#k. J\ P`==< ~^ ^xOKO_. J\ Ò
= Un LO_^ =! ''<# ~^ JYO_=, [#~`= J~# P`<... Jx
qOK@ H+"=O@Ok? =iHO` HO `~"`<, H U^ H~H==
=yOz# `~"`< P` O|OkOz# 'L# P~OaOK#H=@O J*#
~H"# Ja=x "= Q=x<O.
WC_, WH_, Uk Z@ LO\O^ JÔ` J@ LO_Q< ''~=#
^xOK@, qOK@ `H K=Kx JOîH =#q K<#. r=_ U ~x
^x J`_ J\ ~=Q< i}q<_. H, O^K<_. P` H
J"Ò#, xiHÒ# ^xOK rq P``=< J#=OQ O^K<_.
N~=_ : q! = H~}` ''P`# qOK@ J#Q Uq\ =iHO`
q+HOQ KO_.
^+
O
H
''[Q`
~ OH= H~, J#|_

^+`= =OK@ = O^$#=O
=#=O^ U~_
LO_#\k
OH~``=
K`#=
OH``=
106
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
N =+ =i : ''OH=# ~zOK@, H x~iOK@ J# ==Q D
r=_ OH= ~OO HH=O^, LO_ L<_. J\ OH= 'Pku
O^ J`_ Jx~Kh_, " "^# "\H JO^x"_, ^``~_ LO_
L<_ H^! P ^``".. 'P` J# |=K L^tOK|_Òk. J\ P`
OHeOK == #O^ _... LO_ L#k. J\ ^``" ~=.
~=#K U~_ xÒ, JOQ`= P` H`~=Q K
|_Òk. J\ P`#==# ~ J~. F [#~! q~O` |=O`
JO^ J~` =iOK H"e. JO`Qx, ''D < =~=#O JO^ J_ H^!
Jx qOz "u` H=^x Ki<#.

Jaù =# ` s~O #`=~KiÒ =# uI

Jaù `"` `#Ò Q=# [``=#` II (~ 20, . 9)
D =# ZH_O> JH_H 's~= P== Q^. Hx, s~=
ZH_O> JH_H =# =## x== ^. =iOH D s~= QiOz
=O^=# <=#k?
D s~= ZH_ LO_==O^ JH_ LO_x=O_. =## =Ò
~= #O^ ~O KO_. F ~=KO^! x``"#\ 'P`=
O^ =`" h =# xyOK|_QH! JO^K` 'J`= J~#\ D ^,
WOk#, `k`~ ^~H"# =# h= `lOz"~. D ^, WOk
@ Q_H@Hx L# qO #O_ ~O~ =, |O^= =iO`Q U~_
K<~x QOK.
K`#``"# h ^ ~=# [_^~=#\ D s~^#
PkOz = KO^=^. ''D s~" <#. P s~= =~H~ J# =#x
J#~"q\ =O^ QOK.
~`*=_" HtOKK ~H= ^_=^=QH!

12. q*#"^=
N~=_ : F =hO^! ^~*! =Ô |_yQ, < $Ô WC_
XH Q OÔ \ HO HeyOk. J^q\ K`#. q#O_.
''|O ^H^K iz#=k H^. Jk ~^ "H",
x~=" LOk... Jx =#O J#<O H^! J\ ''x+OH x~= JQ
F u H~}O G 107
|O #O^ q+H~=K H+`"#\ D '=# J#|_k Z\, U H~}O K`,

U ~=#, Z\ #O_ uOk LO\Ok? PÀ G=.. ''|= #O^
Jq^ ~"# HOH= U H=O^# ^... Jx KCKO_@O [~QÒk.
=i D =# Z@, U H~}OQ L^~Ok?..., D q+O =O^ KO_.
J@ 'D =## x~kOK>\? J< # =~ ijeOK=K. D
HO` O"^= [iyOk Hh, WOH HO` q<x < Ja+.
N =+ =i : K KHQ, =Oz H =K=. WC_ h |k "H=#
O^@ O~=Q J~` O^K#^x <# q<#. ~~qK~}
O^ ``~"# h |kH =OK` OH~^ Ok# L`=ux h=
`H O^Q=.
J~` =#O WC_ ''u H~}O L<O H^! =~=# q+qK~}
^$ h Wk `y# =O H^. x~} H~}O "tOz#C_ =#O
''P` =e#Ò Z\ =z#k? J< # Hx H}= #O_ ijeO. Ò
''P` `Q ^"#k J< q+O J<H ^$H^= #O_ x~<O. ''=#
Z\ L^~Ok J#^xQiOz, ''^`#=O QiOz =#O x~} H~}O
ije#C_ D h J_Q. ''^"# P` ^+"\ OzOk? J<
q+O x~} H~}O q=~OQ, q~OQ KiOK`<O. W\H =Ò
''=## k~K@"\? J<q+O =YOQ ije<O.

=#O U ÔÒ QiOz =~=#O qKi<" J^xx QiOz W\H
KiOK@O (J=Q< O ^$ ) LzÒ H^!

WC_ =#O ''L`="# J=Q# Hey# =# QiOz qKiÔ. D
} ==O` ''[#H~ J< *= zH P @ O^K#k. U
H~}OQ? =# H~}OQ H^!
=# ... H$u, H~ _!
=# - J*x JqK~} H~}OQ ''`Q J`" J~#\ J<H =`
_# J#==# O^K<_. J*#=` L`"# K`#=# 'H$u
JO@<~. =## ^~= K` 'H$u J##k U~_K#k. H|\ =# JO>
_ J^ =! P uO^ ''`= L^Q=` _# H~Ok
"~= x~iOK|_K LO\~. H|\ nx< ''H~ Jx _ x~~O\~.
108
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
D ''=#H~r=_Q=O`_ J# q+= a# =` "^
z` qz`=# G^$+#, J<H <=~=# H# K `= J#
=O^ LOKK<~. "\ QiOz OQ Hx q+ K`#. J=h h
`y# =^# =x`"# K## JOk~ J<k < LÔ.
''"# #O_ J=Q# - 'QOÔ Q Ô =iOz# "= `#
QO^~=< O^Òk H^! =##HK KOK" LO@# D =#,
"#` Q_, Z\ ==# QO^ `# J\ ~=< O^` LO@Ok. D
H~}O K` HO^~ `= "#K He`=# P Ô`=# P
O` x~~<~.
J\ 'J=Q# "~ 'JÒ` "="#k Q< QOK@O [~QK#k.
^~=# =# K == Q D =# J\ ^~=`\ `#
=QK#k. P ^~ ~=< KO^Òk. =## =" =iOK P s~=
_ J^ ~=#, J#==# O^K#k.
*<Ok= P q+=O^ =iOK#C_ D H~Ok=
_ P q+=O^ =i<~. Qe ô U~_K#@, PÒ^ D
H~ ==~=O` kOk. H~Ok= xqOK|_KO_Q, HH
=H=QK#k.
H|\ =# H c[= ''H~! =i, H~ H c["? =#! '+=
i== XH^x` =~H\ J^"#@ D H~ =# "~ "~ H^.
^$_"# =<=O K`< =# '=##= J#^xx HiOk. J\ =#
H =O K` 'O^= H 'H~ J#|_ Y L`#==Òk. D =#
H#, P HH =# P^~=O` kO*K#k. P `~"` ''P
H~ =# O^K<# J# J#==# Hi "#"O@< |O^=#
`Q#K#k.
J" `" `` - WC_ q*#"^= ##iOz 'J"`"``#
qnHi#-
D =# U =## HiO^, P =# x" i}qOk. ^x<`,
''Wk ^H= Wk H^ WC_ <# J`= L<# W@ g~ K
#@ =`" PKiOKe JC_ =îOK|_Q#... J# ~= Q
"^Q= D r=_ Hey LO\_... Jk P r=# P suQ< OOk.
F u H~}O G 109
"<^~=K 'J"`"`` |= qq^ =#` _# a#"#

=`x= [#K HiOK|_K<~. P x=# J#iOK "~
`= `= ^~~ H="H= H~ P "~ "~ `= K LO@<~.
P |= Hx x~K#=# (Hx G= =K#=#) q#-
H ÔÒ -
1) JO Wk `Q J<H ^+= Hey LO\Ok. J\ 'JO(<#) x
^# +, `, ^#O "^# `=K `yOKH"e.
2) `" (h=) D 'h= J# ~O OKÔ` JÒ` x~=,
JOQ= J~ L#k.
3) `` (Jk) JO, `" HO> qH}"#k. Jk HyOK@, qOK@,
=~^# WK@ "^# uQ}= O|OkOz# ==~=# x~i
LO@Ok. `~# <xOK@O, ^+~# tHOK@O x~i LO@Ok.
Q} |"^ - g~ Q=O`# Q}= Pk =~ =~ J\
x=< ^gHiOK@O [~QÒk. J\"~ Q} |=# =z<~.
`^#OQ<, G= ~zOK|_@O, =zOK|_@O [~QÒk.
J#Q, D [Q` Uk L^# H~}" J\ '`` (Q=O`_) _ Y
^Y [_`H=Q [Q` = Q}`H=x "iK ukOK|_Òk.
i}="^ - =iHx Ô`= H~O... D r=_ K P ^#
H JOu= [#OQ D 'J"... `"#, `" "o '``# qb#"
Òk. z=iH '`` PÔ`= +Oz LO\Ok.
W\ WOH Z< Ô` K~O L<~.

WH_ =#O XH =Y"# q+O Q=xOKe. a# Ô`= ukOK

"i HO^~, ''"= K^ LO. Wk ` =iOH qÔQ# Z=iH "H=
aOK^- J< x=# KCK<~. J~` P Q~= "i t+O^ HO`
UHQ`, ^~} J=_@ J@ ''W> J#iOKO_ Jx K@O [~QÒk. "i
t+ t+ J=Q# HO` J"# q*# ^$+ U~_@O _ [~Q Òk.
JC_ XH Ja=`=# P~OK"~ ''OHe`"# x== J< =K
W`~ L=# qK~}#, J=Q## ^~O #O_ x~OK@O,
qkOK@O [~QÒk.
110
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
"~ "~ Q~= "~ s` qkq^#=, x== x~~, rq`
~=~= *#q*# q+= =z<~. J~`, "i t+, t+
HO^~ ~=~O Uq\ =~z H=O qk, q^<# =Ò JqK~} ~HOQ
P~ `k`~ Q~=#, W`~ Q~= KC *#, q*# q+=# "^
^+OK@O, K<~. `^~ HOKH=@O, OOKH=@O K<O.
WÔ` ~, =~, ~Q^+i`, *ÒH~ JQ "i =#<
J@ Ok. Q~= `= `^<K QOz#k HH=O Hi =zO>,
JOê *#~x =#"o JO` QOK=K. q"H=K ijeOK=K.
U L`= =## JO`~OQ=# P~HOQ HiOz, JO^ Q#
`j~=`" Jk `= f=`# J#iOz, P ~"#
[#" LO@Ok.
JO^K` = B#`= K`< =# ^@ _Q^. ZC_ XHx ''~=
P`q<" J# P=# #" LO@O^, Jk J`xH =iO`
=#=x = JaO.
WOH Hx Ô` -
"Ô`"^ - g~ `# ("^=#) =}OQ fHx 'J^~"^
<=# J#iOz ''D [QÒ` |". |=# "~Q ZH_ Un
^... J< x=# ^$_~KH=#kQ =z<~. ''J\ ^$_ x=
K`#, =^=^# x~O`~O P~OK@ K`# ~`==Q '=H aOK
Q^ Jx KCK<~. JO^ q~^=Q =i ^xK` _ =H aOK^x
H@# K<~. `^#OQ G= =zOKK<~.
J~` "i HO^~ ''"= x~~OK# qk x== =`"
"==, `k`~ q+= g ''"H^H= H= J##k "^# ~HOQ
H\ <~. H#H<, WO`< J^ ^$+ #O_ Ku O^@O [~QÒk.
q*#"^ - ''|k K`#, =, ^==K`# =`" =H aOKQ^.
=iOH LO ^... Jx ukOKK, D |k xt`=Q@ Q# Hx
x=, x+ KCK<~. D Ô`=< QO^^ ^~ H\ OKK<~.
J~`^ - g~ q*#"^" H\ <~. J~`, a=`=# J#iOz
z` qz`=# kQO|~`=, aH@#= "^# PK~=# HeOz,
`^#Q}OQ QO^=# xiOz K~O K<~.
F u H~}O G 111
WOH# =iHx Ô`= H~O ''D r=_ ^$+K r=`=,

~=K t=`= =Oz<_. ~r= P t=`= #O_ H\ `
=QK# H~}= =O\ "~!... J# '`` " =## H\ <~.
KK"! WH_ =#O ^$O`= H~ ~O_ =_ Ô`=# OQOQ
KC<O. ""xH J<H qz`=# Ô`=, (Q=O`x QiOz#)
J=Q# Q=^<+K P~OK|_`<~. =iHO^~ J<+ `=
H J=Q##, q"H=#, ij## H\, WH H=O `k`~
Ô`=# YO_OK@ O^, u~iOK@ O^ =`" x=Q"<~.
F ~"! U xqÒ O_< O`[=#O^ J<H |^^= L`#
=`~ H^! J> JH~}OQ J<H x=# H\ OK "~ "~ Gs`,
"\x L^kOK Q~= D OKO U~_@O [iyOk. =iOH< Gs`
U~_=K<~.
=}x\H =^" xO H^! qq^ Gs`x\H =# 'LxH@.
''= Q~= K#^ q<e. =iOH=~ Uq K< Z=~ q#HO_... Jx
x~tOK"~, W`~ "^=#, Ja=# ^+OK"~ HOKH# "~
'` ==# O^^\?
WH_ XH ~O K`# q#. " K^ H^. K f H^. J> KO^_
j`= H^. Jy L+= H^. Z=_ U J#==# z~HOQ ''Wk =^~O...
Wk JO, Wk O^~O, Wk ^+O`y#k, Wk HiOKe, Wk u~iOKe Jx
=#K_ Jk J`xH J> OK@O [~Q` LO@Ok. P =", WH P suQ<
J#==Òk. D H~}OK`< KO^~Jy =O_= x=#
^=`, "^# r= 'j`=L+= "^# ^ HQ@" ^.
D Gs` "\ @ U~_ ~Q^^ J\"#x [# QOK^~ QH!

F ~[#~! 'rq`= J##k JÒ` q"#k. J\ D J=H=# U""
"^"^=` =$^~KH~^x = LÔ. ~[# a+"# "=
= Ja"q\ _ H\ OKK<=. q#O_-
D =#=_ `Q P#O^=~_. J~`, J`x ~=#
O|OkOz =Q=, L`== J~# 'J=Q# =~Q#_ LO\Ok. J`x Z~H
P ~Q^^K H|_, "=$`"# PH== LO\Ok. JO^K` [#
x~u |#O^= H~H uOK^~ QH! =## |=O KO_.
`^~ |" Ok.
112
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
''<# ~^ JYO_=, x`=, x~= J~# |=< J~ L<#. 'h=
Jk [Q`... WÔ` |". J\ K`# |" JOîO^, JO`@ UH"
"K#k J# =## D =# P~OKQH! J@ P~OK@" ''=#
|==Q@... J~ L#k.
XH _ @ #_ U"" ^~ Kz ''Wq < "#q...
JO^K` Wq < H"e... Jx u Q#@K Jq J=O O^=#qQ
H#|_`~ H^! J> D =# _ J#H}O J<H ^~= @ PH~}
qH~}# O^Òk. eÒ? D r=xH J<H ^Y ~O~ =z_K<~.
JO` O_ JOMH"# '[# <~. ZC_` =# |=O
J=Ò^, WH `K=# ''^$=H K [xOK Y ^Y= J\ r=x
U=Ò HaO*=.
Jq`=Ô "#OH~}" I
^$==y |O^==# II (~ 21, 36)
=q^ =<= I
Oq^#Ò ``~u q^~^ II (~ 21, 37)
F ~"! D '^$= H ="q\ xtÒQ ije<"?
WÔ` Jq`=, J*#^H=, J^=, `=, |O^^H=
J~, D r=xH Ok. ZO^K`?... D r=_ q*#=` _# qK~}#
J=~KHH=@O K`< =! JO^K`, D ^$=# h= =# KH`,
Jk WOHq KQ^ KC? ''J ^+ ^$==Q@... J##^ |O^=#
`= J~#\ H~ Jx |k=O` KCK LO\~. Jk =, Jk
Jq^ _! ^=Q =#_ Jk.
'=# JO> '^$= J< J~O =!
=# ", J*#= `"#k. J<H P, Ô^= D
=# x~O`~O iq<~. J\ |~^` xO_# D =## Ô
Ke. O~ =` JO> Uq\? U ^$`#`"` = ÔQ< L^~Oz
J#==Ò^... J^x< 'O~O Jx JO@<O. ^$~`" Jq^ =i
J*#O _! "=K H|_#C_ ~_ HxOK_ H^! D ^$=K
P=iOK|_# D r= _ ~==Q ~=# îOK<~.
D 'Jq^ Z\ L`#=Òk?.... Wk OH=Ò K`< L`#=QK#k.
XH _ PHO "= PH$`# Kz ''Jk K@. P H# `\HO, JH_
F u H~}O G 113
XH =$QO,... D qÔQ P# K_ KK"? J\Q D ^$O _ O

H$ÒQ r=# Ok.
N~=_ : D 'Jq^ H '^$=# qOKk Z\?
N=+ =i : OH= H~}OQ U~_ LO@# Jq^... 'xOH=
(OHeOKO_@O) Jx =#~`=K qOKQ^. OH~`=K
=# #tOk. JC_ "f`=Q ~= H J#=O ~=Òk.
^~= @, q+= @ JOQ" JO^ =~O.
1) '=k (Complete cessation of thought) H ^~=K, 2) =}, =##
~=Q `` qK~}K - ^~= @ JH$u="# JOQ= U~_Òk. ''`
^$+ Ki, 'J`^$+ #yKO_Q 'H< ~`= =Q U~_Òk.
J\ xiH=#O^... K =H=, ~=~= `~=
J~#\ 'P`=# OOKK#k. WH_ =#O '=# Jx JO@#\H, Jk
=~`"# u.
J\ q+~` ~=Ò^ =H`=Qx, J=H`=Qx LO_=. q+
[x`=# Y ^M LO_=. J\ '~=ù r=xK `# $Ô< O^
|_K#k. H= ^ =~"# $^=#O^ =`" P``` = `H
=QK#k. P`== OQ JO`~OQ=# J#"H"^" =!

13. P`^ Z\ "iH?

N =+ =i : D r=_ x~}OQ D ^, WOk=O^ ''Wq <#
J#|_ JO== HeyO@<_. JÒ` J#~`"#\ ''J" ^=
J# =# K`< P`=# O^|_H=@O [~QÒk. Z=xH` D '^ WOk
=` P`H ''J^=# LO_^.... Z=x O^ ~"# `y
`... J\ }Ki`# =`" ~=Q P`=# Ok.
XH_ pH\ XH `_# Kz, ''XH" Wk `_ H^"? ""? J<
O^=# P~OK@K` H=OQ J`xH P `_O^ " H^_K#@
H#|_Òk. |O^~`=Q z^H" ~=QQ D r=_ He` ==#
J#qÔQ H# K Ò^ |O^= HeOKH#K<_. ''D O@#`,
=` < O|O^=#k. JO^K` Wq < Y ^YH~=... Jx =#
K Jk J> JQK#k. ''z^H" ~=Q Q < D =#`, J\
114
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
=# [#OQ # D '[Q`` O|O^"H_k? J# =ux
P~<.. `^#OQ< JO` Ok.
XH PH= Q XHqÔQ, ~u =~H qÔQ# H#|_Òk H^! JQ
P`_ a# ~=# îOk.

D r=_ J<H O~ ^Y ~O~ _ H@q\_@O xi"Ô"
H^! J~`, `##`< J`_ Q=xOK@^.
^`K=<" J#k Q` =" I
```# fÒ ``= H` II (~. 21, .48)
=`~", =^", Lk~`", ==i`" ~H# Jf`"#\
P`# Z~Q@K` =`" J`_ ^Y~`_ HQ_. XH_ #=Q XH
'Q "tOz ''WH_ O= LO_=K<"? J< =# O^`_.
J~`, P Q# KHQ ijeOz# `~"`, H J@ ijeOz# "i q=~}#
q# `~"` ''WH_ O= "^#"g =. Mm O =`" L#k Jx
Q_. J^qÔQ D r=_ ''<# D ^=#O^ |^_< L<# H^ J<
=# O^K<_. ^"H= =}O, =##O P~OKKO_Q, P`#
Q Z~Q@ K`< O~|O^= `yÒk.
XH _ ^ =]K@ H HO_=# K ^@"# pH\ H~}OQ
''J=! JkQ...! Jk ^" Jx ` LO\_. J> D r=# _
''D < ^= D [Q` D O|O^ O^== < O|OkOz# "~
< "~ Hx "~... "^# J<H = HQK<~. P =h H}H}O
XH ~O Q@Hx =~H ~O O^` `<~. F ~=! WÔ` 'H##
J#iOK U~_ LO@#k. H<=OK` r=# D q= î^=, ^xH
J#"# = H}O <~. =~ J=h H}O #t<~.
=<#~" ^~= _ P [#= HQ*<~. *##
=h WÔ` Q=xOz, 'D ~^~= =<#~" LO@<~ J#
Z~H# QOz D OKO OKi<~. W=h _ r= "i ^$+x
J#iOK a#=Q QKi<~.
D z`= ^$_=#K ^xx ZO`H= U qÔQ qO^, Jk JO`HO
J> LO@Ok. Uk Ò? Uk q^ ?
D OK=# `= H#\, q^ H#\ ==O@ Un ^.
F u H~}O G 115
#`^`Ò, #`^ ## $ I
^^# xsÒ, ``^`# H ` II
Z=_ U H~OQ ^xx x~~_ J`xH P ^~= J> J#`
=` LO\~. XH_ `# '=#K P Z^~Q H#|_K# PHO XH '
H H## ^$_OQ K_#H... J`_ H=`~_ PHO L# =#O
OKi# P He` O^~ "O@ ~Q`Q_.
J^`#O^ ~=iH ~O - H#H F ~=KO^! XH '+ O^ L# "_
U qÔQ ~^~~`_ LO\_, J^ qÔQ h= h OH= O^ LO_
#\ ~^~=# `lOz"~. ~"O^ h H ''~=iH J^ `#O^
~= #O^ u HeyO_=.
XH Z`# Ô XH '=}x LOK=#H... P =}O^ Z^~Q L# HO_
uaOaO> P =}H OK ""< L#^? H, J@ uaOaOKH `
=}H =K #+"q? uaOaOz#C_, uaOaOK#C_ _ P =} XH f~Q
LO@Ok H^! h= _ =# #O_ 'WK J#^xx `yOz"~. h= WK
~`_" LO_Q<, D [Q` ==~= hO^ uaOaOKQH! hHK x
Uq? =} XH [_"# == H|\ Z^~Q L# == `#O^ uaOaOK@
x~kOK*^. =i h"? x`= x~= JQ K`#" ~=Q Hey<=
H^! JO^K` WK~ÒQ, J<H ~HOQ `H LO_Q=. HOK=
JxH ^_` K.
""xH 'WK ÒQ#, PH~HOQ# LO_@ J# ^xO^ =
Uq L#k. H#H< "H~= ~=# `lOz"@ Jx K|_Òk.
F ~#O^<! ''<O^ U [Q`` uaOaOKK#^ JÔ` q^...
Jx x~OKH#=. J@ hO^ uaOa# ==, q+= ~=#
h= `^`=K OÔ_^= QH! ^...
D[Q` ~=`HO> Ja#"#^ H^! H#H < [Q`Q H#|_Ô`
~=~=# |" J# x=# HeyO_. ''J#O`=, J<kQ P`
H ~=# PÒ K`< xtÒ KH#QO.
WH h z`=#O^ uaOaOK J# [Q`^~=, `k`~ ^`^$+ Q
OzH r= J~"^ ... x# ~QHO KO_ *Q~_" LO_.
P`^$+x ~^ J=~KH.
116
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
XH K@ Hx z` qz`=# ~OQQ ^~= L<~. J=h XH ^
"# \HO uaOa<~. J~#\H P \ HO P ~OQ LO_ L<x
J#O H^! J^qÔQ, D ^ `^~ O|OkOz# ~QO "^# Z\ ^
#\ ^ ~_" h= =! J\ h H ^ ~O #O^ ~| H~
Q Lz`"#\ [Q` ==~K "t, "tOKh... JO^ h Jax"O
O^=# <=#k? J~` h= =Ò ^x` '`^Ò KO^< =^.
h ^ ~``= =~ K~ U~~KQey#Ô@ D $+ Un
^. J> u rq q+O _!...

14. H K`#= [Q^=~=

N =+=i : F ~=KO^! =kx JOKK, ''D O`~ [Q`
QiOz U~_ LO@# =##=O` q^ ==~" Jx Z~Q=. J@ Z~Q@K`
H=OQ h= [Q^=#, q^=##=# `lOz"QQ`=. JC_ h |k
q^~=Q i}qOKÒk.
D HxOK u XH r=_ K`#= H H@# J~ L<_ H^!
K`#= HO_ WH U^k JxO^ JÔ` '= J~=#k. ZC_`
K`#= ` "~# ^+ ==~=O` `lOK|_K#^, J\ qK~=O`_Q
r=x =O OQ x~=QK#k =! H#H h= 'J*# qH ^
~= J~#\ D ^$O# `lOz" *#qHO^ "tOKe. 'H K`#O
#O^ J#==QK# ^$=#, ^+# _ "~ "~ K"=. ~^ H
K`#" h= JQ. h" LO_, h Oê HK`#=K eHk |~OÒ (p=
#O_ |^=x =~) _ HK`#OQ QOKKO_@K 'P`^$+ ^$__Q^.
=# OK#OQ< =iOK. U^` G x~=K =i
|kK K|_@O ^~"#^ Jk x~i LO_. J*# ^$+O^ L#\
`k`~ #`# iQ} H~ K~. J~`, ''~ Oê `= H
``" J~=#k... J# =## JO`s#OQ ~~KH.
WH ''h=<#h "~< "~hq<qH=^~===
J=... W=h uaO|=ÒQ... J*# ^$+H J#==Q QiOz,
g\x "~~z"~. D uaO|=` P q+= `^`= KO^=^.
'H``= #O^ x_" ~^ LO_=. JC_ P` x~O HQ^.
F u H~}O G 117
N~=_ : =s! P` x~`= O^\xH =i Hx L K=x

i<#.
N =+=i : D r=x H P` x~#== H~ G=K, Q~=K
ukOK|_# Hx L=, H =~=# WH_ K`# q#.
1. J*Q~H` #O_ *Q~H` " -
*Q~" ~`` *Q~Hr=` I
# O"= O~=~x II (~ 21, . 3)
P``` q+=#O^ ~^ *Q~_" LO_e. JO`Hx, ="=
=Q D O~=~O xî LO_~^. P`~= q+" *Q~
LO_@, U=~# [~OK@# 'Q= Jx JO@<=. ''~= P`...
P` Hxk, P` KO^xk JO@ ZH_ Un LO_*^... J# ~~= Q
`^~ x~`=, ^`=# OOkOKH..
2. J#~H #O_, q~H " - Y= #O_ |^=x Y~O`= q~H
Hey LO_. ~^$ ^~=@, q+= @ 'J#~H #yKO_Q
''XH<H i+` _# Jf``=-H==H i_q` LO@Ok.
3. WK ^+ `[O - QH=#O^ J#==# =KK# P
~=O`=Q ^~=, q+=, <= ~= H ~=}OQ
LO@<~. Hx, H"} `K" i_qOK`<~. ''W=h LO> LO_h... H
`Qh... Wq <q H=. <# g\ #... Wq < =. ^$zHOQ Wq U~_,
=~H\H q_`<~ Jx *#^$+H"~ Q<~. WK ^+~`"#
''J=Q# J#== ^$+# P~OK"i P` qx~=Òk.
4. q+=` JOQ= - q+=` U~_ OQ" q+=#. J\
=# D ^$ [Q` H J~ L#k. 'q+ =# J< =OK Hiy
~O^, WH D r=x P` x~O HH=Òk?
OQ= - OQ= r=x =e#~KK#k. OQ= #O_ `H# =<~Q=
#|_ 'H=-H^--"= |_K<~.
PH=# ~~t iOKQ< =OK H HiyÒk H^! J*<H=
#O^ ''P`` UH`= J< ~_ L^~OK_, J\ q*# ~x H~}
=OK q+=` U~_ OQ=... J< pH\ `H `yÒk. Jk
'*<HO Q HtOk.
118
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
5. `$~`= - `$+ O> D r=xH, P`Q"#xH JO`~" ^.
'`$+ J< `\HO JOMH=# ''=<~^= J< `~OQ= =$k KO^
K<~. P `\HO '=_`= J< U#Q "tOz JHO $+Ok. '`$+
H =~H ~" =< KOK=. `$+# `lOK@K, =<KOK=
[~OK|_Q, JC_ =# =Q OuOKK#k. JC_ =`" P`
H}"#\ 'x~`= HtOKK#k.
6. "<*=# Òz"@O - J<H W`~ PH, H q+=K D
r=_ `# H "<*= (maze of tendencies) # xiOKHx JO^ zH#
HQ H@HO@<_. ^ ZO_H> Q# XH JyH}H O` O K
"=K H^! XH <= Q"_ Q `# #n "=# ^\"QQ`_
H^! J\Q ''"~Q=... J< P^=# ^Q~ LOKH#"xx D OiH
"<[O U =Ò kOKHÒk.
''O~= J#|_ "<*= [` _# "~Q=K Òz "|_QH!
q+QOk qz#"#~|_Q, P` H x~`=, JYO_`=,
J"`= J#H}H" J#`=QK#k.
7. =# L=#= - zyO[ " h~ x~O J=Òk H^! D =#
#O^ 'P`*#O J< zyO[# "tOKe. 1) ^# ij<`H"#
^$+` qKiOK@O K`, 2) Q~= kOK q+# J=Q# ~HOQ
QOK@K`, 3) =Q K P`<` ij# K` '*#O =#H
"tOk. H=#O J=Òk.
D '=## H==iÒ (Desirelessness) Ke. nxx q+ Q}
J#O^# ~Ò Ke. O~ ^~=#\ ''`H`Q$u^
# ^~= #OK `lOz " ''D ~= P` J# JO`~OQ=Oê ^#
~~KH"e. Q, = Jax"= #O_ ^$+x =~e.
JC_ D '=# J< O[~=Oz 'J*#= J< H ZyiÒk.
8. O^ =$ux [~Oz"@O -
< O^ ^~` Q`H`H q=" I
i~#~O K` ~Oî=~[` II (~ 22, . 10)
<<! ~=! OÔK@ J# ^+ O~" ''O~x=$u J# L`=
ux ``~O K~Ok. W\ ''OÔK@ J# ^+= qOKQH! D z`=#
F u H~}O G 119
'=H`H ~Ò K=, WH JO`~=#, Wk i~"# ~KO^x =

aOKQ_.
qK~}# P~OKx"_, ^x"_, J#=<` H# K"_
q<#= " x<_. O`# WO#, ~O# YO^.
9. ^^$+x qO*@O - "= q =^= O`=QK#k H^!
''Wk "~, Jk "~, <#, <k, g~ W\ "~, "~ J\ "~... J# ^^$+
^+~`=Q '=" |" ^$+K qOKQ^. L`=^$+x JOK> JO^
LO. ''Z=i<` <# U"" ^+=# K<<, "~O` <=< P`
~=Q Hey<~ Jx =~=~ =# Q~Ke. Z\Q< ~, U
LO K`<< ~, ''=^$+x ~O KH"e. =^$+... J`= #O_
B#`= " =~O KÒk. L`= O^~ ~H"# J=Q## J\"_
}H KO\_.
=`= =$Q=Q@K`< "# q[$Oa<~. eÒQ JO`H~}O
J*<O^H~==Q [_`=K xO_~ LO\Ok. J\ =# [~i`=QK
ZH_H_ ^~^~ ^ OKi, U"" ""H# }HKO@,...
P=O` `z@O\Ok.
''pH\ ~^= Q ''^^$+ *#= U~_K<~. *#^$+
qH LO>, ^^$+ =Q JOìOK@ O^_` LO@Ok.
10. J= - F ~=! G= =" _ HO^~ 'P`^$+ "Q ^$+
iOKH`<~. OiH ^+`=< ~^ P~<~. eÒQ ^
M `QHQ, WOH JkH=QK<~. W@ ZO^ [~QÒk? D =##
WOk=# i# J= #O^ xqOKH=@ K`< =! *#OK
J=# i^~Ke, L`[~Ke. O> *#= =iOz UO
[#O?
L`= J=# P~OK r=xO^ =`" $^~=~O
q"H= J< H=O qHOk. J\ 'q"HH=O K`# ~x Kz HOk.
q"H J~#"_ L`= H = #O_ U i` O^ Ku O^_.
J`_ `# J=# n== H_O\_. J" `Q}=#
OOkO*Ok. KO^H~}= D [Q`# P^~#@, `Q}= D
|kx qO K, L`= J=Q## iO* P^~KQ^.
= LÔ JO J#Q, ''Q~=, =, ^, ^H}=, =}=,
=##=, xk^... "^#"\x P~OK@O J~ L#k.
120
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
F ~=KO^! WH ^Q, q=~OQ K^=#k? "=, q, [=,
Jy #\ PHH= U qÔQ LO@Ok? ZO` x~OQ#, qOQ#, L^
J== xkQ# LO@Ok H^! J^ qÔQ *_ (Z~Q=#k Ziy#
"_) J~#\ n=O`_ x~H~_, ''< L^== = J#
Z~H Hey LO@<_. ''YO_=JYO_=, r=_|=, iz#=
Jiz#=... D ^=h J*#= L#K@ =`" LO@<~.
'``qK~=K 'P`~ H`~O Ok#"xH |q+=~
^= _ "#qQ< Hx<~. ZO^HO\"? '$+OK@ "^#
JkH~= O^ _ H= LO_ L#k =!

15. *# J*# J#"

Z=x z`"`, D PH~^` _ LO_#\H, ''JOH~~Ò J~
LO@O^ J\"xH D O~H# OK@^.
'=$Q`$+ O^ XH =_=$Q=# [= L#@ HxOk. *xH [O
HxO^? ^. J`_ H~@= ~O~ K _, WÔ` =, Hh_
=`" H#H WH_ [O ''LO_*^ Jx Q<_.
`~OQ=i" H <xK` I
H_~xKVO` #[O =~}[#h II (~ 22, . 18)
"<=O K`< D r=O^~ `~OQ= = L`#=QK<~. #tOK
K<~. D [## =~}=, Y^Y=, =$k-J=$k "^#=h
J*xx `= =O KO@<~. *x<, Uq KH`<~. J<H
Pq~=u~== (~H H) ` _# D OK=O` J*x H~H, J*#=
K`<, J*# q+OQ< L^~Ok, ~Ok.
*xH D '[Q` J##^ LO_ LO_@ ^. "^ L^~OK#\ ^xH
<#"q\? ''T HeOK|_# XH J~}O "tOz =$Q=# Ju
=OQ "\_@O J# H~H=OQ, ``*x b =ÒQ D [Q` #O^
OKi<_. ~q<_. WH J*x JO\", J`_ `#H OHe`
H`H= K D [Q` #O^ ''WÔ` "=" J< |kx O^K<_. J@
'"== Q qOK|_^xK |OkO|_K<_.

F u H~}O G 121
XHK@ XH 'O_ L#k. Jk L<, H ye< P '= (Space that is

occupied by the pot) =K O Qx, #+O Qx U"< L#^? @=# Lù
q<#O LO_=K QH. Hh, \H=# L`#"q\? <#"q\? J\Q

D s~= +OK|_ QH, H ^+OK|_ QH! P` Z\ qH~= LO_=.
PÀ_ D Lù <#= g `#O^ HeyO_@^. ''<# D s~=<!
J# J[`# P~OK"_ =`",... D [# =$`=# J#qOKK<_
=! OH =O ~H~}= iOK@K q q O^
=$Q`$+ Z@H =@="Òk H^! L`= q"H= L^~OKQ< q^ `
=Q D ^$=, "#, OH==~=... W=h `=O`@`" #t~.
F [#~! ''<<=~? D OK= Z@ L`#"#k...? J< q+
qK~} K#O` =~ 'H~pH\ =O\ q^~O J~=# D ''[Q^_O
|~=... JO` W@ < LO@Ok.
D ^$OK= q^= ==K`< Pq~qOk. J<H P^
#`" LO\Ok. Z=_` 'P`=#K D ^$ ==~=# x~"#^xQ
K_, J`_ nx x[ ~=# QOKK#"_ J=`_. `^$+H WÔ`
xk Q< è=KK#k. H|\ ''D ^ H^ =OK` L`#= 'PûH
PkuH Jk^qH. ``=, J>, D = ^Y= s~=#
O|OkOz#q =`". JO`Hx W=h ~#O^ ~_, P`~_ JQ <
O|OkOz#q H=... J# x=# q~O` Hey LO_O_. D qÔQ =
~`"# x= H"_ =`" `=# QOKQQK<_.
D OK= JO`#\ 'kH= "^# "\`#, J<H
iz#=`#, 'Lù K#= PkQ J<H H ==~=`# _
L#k. J\ D OK=#O^ 'JO`\ << "Oz L<#... J# J#==
H"_ x["# *x.
"Q HQ` H\ iHe`` I
JOH W`" Où II (~ 22, . 26)
''~"_<, ~^ L#\ <# XH ~== H JQQ=Oê XH H\
=O` Q= H XH H= Q= HO> _ WOH# ZO` ZO` H;"#
"_#... Jx Z~Q|_ `=# KKK<_.
PÀ_ - PÀ_ D r"`# J^f`_Q#, a#"# ^x= Hx# D
[Q`# ''K`#*u=`= Q# Z~QK<_.
122
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
[Q`# ~=` Ja#OQ QOK"_ PÀ_. ~H=O`_, J~`_,
Jkf_ JQ z^` ==#O^ L#@ KK ^$+ "= ^$+.
''Pk"k^K LkQ=QK, [##=~}H" # D ^=
<# H^... Jx U |k=O`_ Ziy LO\_, J`_ ^~*#= H"_.
''< H == #, HO^, HO^ JO`\ "Oz#k. <HH
~O_="_ _ Jx `H#"_ =H*x.
''^~O =} QK|_#@, <O^ D OK=O` QK|_ L#k. D
JO`H~}= J#^xH _ H~# <<... JO` Qx JO`H~}= '<# H^.. J#
J#== H"_ ~=~=# Ziy#"_.
''JOH~=Qx, ^$=Qx HOz` _ U H}O# <=. WÔ`
_ x~==Q |" J~ L#k. WH ~~= Jf`_#Q <#
`q+`=~=# H=O^ =H=H= =^ u Hey <#.
=^=# `~OQ= Z\Q, J^ qÔQ D uH= < H
J=== J~ L<~... Jx x*O`H~}= #O^ J#` "#~H#"_
=Hî Jx, ~*x Jx K|_K<_.

K`#= H =H" H` D uH= ==~=O` =$`"
J~ LO_k. W=h K`#ì K`< LxHx Ok, ieOK|_K<~. P`
``= ^$ `k`~=#=h UH}= #O^ < =. D q+O L`= qK~}
O` `~_Q *x Z~QK< L<_ =! =` H '^$+ D
OiH ^^ #O_ "^ =~|_ LO\Ok. "i J=Q# D 'h=<#
J##=h P`~" J~ K<O^K<~. J\ L`= <`= H"~ 'O~
`_#=# x~kOKQQK<~. `=# K_QQK<~.
'K`#= ~^ q+= O|OkOK#k. Jk '` H=# [Q`
== O^ JO`\ "Oz L#k. PÔ` ~`=, ~== JQ s~=
Q K`#=# (H P`#) ~O^, ~^, ~=Q QOK"_ ^~
``"`. ''D Y ^Y=, D G Q~ ^=Ò^ U~_K# ^, q"H=#
x^~ P```"q\ iKO K =} =## H== ... W=h _
x~zOKk, =zOKk, i~HOKk ^xx? < H "= ~= QiOK! W=h
<< J~ L<#... J# J#==#O^ ~_ LO_"_ ^~ `` î.
WOH P *x H J=Q## =iOz K`#... q#.
F u H~}O G 123
''D [QÒ` x~u#O^=K i~"#k. |#O^= J#^x

H qQ=K i`"#k. J\ P q~ [Q` #O^ XH JÒ`
"# Ô P 'SH~HH =*=O` LO_ L#k. JO^K`, Wq
ZO` "#q! D Q= =Ô LO> ZO`, O> ZO`? WO^ ^Y
~+", `lOK^y#k Uk? Y=O`" QOK^y#k Uk?
JC_ J\ q"H= H =OK 'Ou `y~, P#O^=
L^~Ok.
''D [Q`# 'Wk Jx x~zOK=. Z=_ ^xx Z@ q Jk J`xH J>
Ok. Wk JQ="#k. W\ ^$[Q` Y"H_? O`"H_? ZO^HO>
WO^ YO` "`H@O Wk _ qH~ÒQ< LO@Ok. JO^K` WÔ` OQ
qH~ÒQ#, < H HO#=K qH ÒQ# LO\Ok... Jx ìH
*#=, =H =# Hey#C_, WH D [Q`x ''Wk `lOKe, Wk
Oê J# ~=Q `[ QH# JO` #tOKH UO KOk KC? J@
Z=i ^$+ [Q` KOKÒ #tO^, J\"_ L`= ~+_.
U =`_` 'PH= = UH` ~_ LO\_, ^~=O^ ~
=#Q "Oz LO@ _, P ^~=# O^H LO\_, ("\ O^
J#_ HH LO\_).... J\ "_ 'x~u#O^=# J~_ JQK<_.
J`_ =~ ~_.
F ~=KO^! J\ =~+ L<~. "~ D q xtO`Q OKiOK
K<~. "~ D *Q` +#|_ =_ J= #O_ q=, `=#
`= D =_O\H "~# `` =Q QOKK<~. =$`=# _ =^,
=$`=# _ XH k#K~=O\kQ QOKK<~. = ~` =|k
H"~ '`s= J#|_ L`= ^=#O^ L` LO@<~.
J\ =` `~_#C_ <=O\ =# _ t~ =Oz
#=iOKK<~. "= J\"iH OQÔ_ }== =i<O.
F ~"! D |O_=O^ JO`\ XH |= "Oz#k.
xO=Q h= W\ ^$_x= HeyO_=. J<H qz`=,
~=}= J~# ^~=` _# D [Q` H $+ u =O^
Jiz#=Q '|=$u< ~^ HeyO_=.
124
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
H` t= ~_", *#=O`_", r=#_=Q=. JC_ J\
P`~=_=Q hH <# #=~O K<#.

16. s~= #Q~= si ~A

N~=_ : F =hO^ ! =_ D s~=#, `k`~ ^$q+=# Z@ U
^$+K K LO\_ K q K~. === =~^~H=Q J`x
^$H^= J=Q# i=~# QiOz WOH# =iHO` è*O_. =H
Ok# r=_ s~=# Hey LO\_? H `lOz"<_?
N =+ =i : |=< P~Oz LO@# r=x =#O 'r=#_ Jx
<O. J\ "_ ~|= (=~=#= H~ OK Oz`H~ ==~=)
HO J=~ ==~=# J#i< LO@<_. D s~=# eOKK
_, nx }=K JO@H LO@<_. h= ZC_< O_ `~K
KH=# KK"? P KH= O_ `~~# `~"` _ =iHO`
iq LO@Ok H^! J> r=#_Q ~+_ 's~`=(I am this body) #
=ê 'si`=# (I am the one who utilises this body) HiOz#\H, D s~=
# îOz =i<_. J~` r=## 's~= HeyO_@ J<k
|O^= JQ@ ^ =! Wk Q"H=# HQ*\xH LQ _Òk.
D s~= J`xH Y= H~H =iOk. JO`Hx ^Y= H~ H^. =~H
qÔQ K, J`xH ^==# Y=^. H=@K H+= ^.
*#^$+x J=~KH#K# y ^M^K U=Ò $tOK|_@^.
D ^= QiOz qA KC Hx q"+=# K`#... q#.

D '^= J< #Q~O J<H Q} q+= H^ ZO` ~=}OQ

XCK#k. JO`x q=` OKiOk. 'P`^~#= K =`" nx
``= QOK|_K<~.
<`= nx H\ H. WOk= WOê n=. 'K` J< q $`"#
=~O ^~ P ^~= x O^Òk. ~== J< ``, '`_
J< O=` XCK#k. Z=H O^ nx ^. H= D
^#Q~Ox qÔ. =H= WOê `\HO =O\k. [=
H_^=. K= <~ D #Q~=x ^~=. HO~" WOê a=.
F u H~}O G 125
'#=~OÔ J< #=^~O #O_ }"= "tOK@O, x+qOK@O

J#H}O [~QÒk. =YO x=# '<H q^=# [#O P~yOk.
D s~= J< #Q~O H J^=~O QO_ '===`= J< |~^
^~OQ `yOK|_Òk. 'z`= J< Ô 'J<H zO` J< [# OKi
<~. WOk J< = qKq_Q D #Q~x ^~O^=O K<~.
=Y= #O_ "=_K# z~#= WOê `@x . `` AQ
"~ `= '^=, =# QiOz +=Q Z~QK<~. JO^K` "i @
D s~O ÔQ< i}qOk. Wk "iH "H~"#\ `=#,
=#, Y=# HQ*Ok.
Hx J*xH =Ò D s~O J<H ^MJ xOQ Ok.

D s~= #t#C_ *x JÒ` "# q+=Q îOKK<_.
J`x ^$+ D s~<# =ÒK `== Un =@ ^. H Wk xz
LO@O^, Jn =Oz^! *x nxx LyOz Q "H=# J<OQ
O^K<_.
D s~= r=# XH ~^= =O\k. nxx îOz# r=_ D OKO
K=`~OQ HOKO OKiOz ZC_ nxx `lOz"<_. J\ Hk
HO< ''|~~~QO^=... J< q+=#, ''[#~
|O^=q`JO|O^`=..."^# ~~ =uiH"# O|O^
O^==# O^K<_. J~` J`_ *#H =#, ^$+x HeyO><, D
s~= #O_ J`xH '"H= J#|_ 'L`="# ~"# J=Q#` _#
=# ~"#... u aOk. H#H *xH D s~~^= ^H".

D s~#Q~O 'Y^Y= J< H# =Q îOk.
*xH L`= q+=# <~H#@, K~H#@ D s~O Ly
Ok. D s~OK x~iOK|_ GH"# H ^~ `# ^+ "
J`_ zH` O^K<_. JO^K` 'O`= J#|_ xi JO`~OQu,
=Q=Q J=Q#... # H =# HeyO_, D s~O# XH LH~}OQ,
Ku H] = LyOKO@<_.
WO^_ J=~=u YOQ L#@ ^Y~`_ z`_ JQ *x D
s~#Q~=# e WO^ YOQ LO@<_.
126
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
J`x =# ''<# \#. KKK<#... W=h <q... Wq < LO_e...
<# "iHO> `H` Hey#"_x... J# i`"# P"=# O^@^.
q"HH"# |k O^K, '"=, J^~=.. J# ^~# ^~=#O_
`l<_. J*#H=# H =`~^ J`x Ô_`H`<~.
Jq J`x *#fH}` "~z aa=O@ |#Q `~A= ^~OQ
LO_`<~. ~ O~ ^Y= == 'PH H^! J\ PHx J`_
[~Oz" LO@<_. H=Q=, ~ Y ^Yq~=Q '`$+#
QiOz J`_ "\O^ `Q#@ ^. ~"O^ JO`~=O^
~=`< îOKK ''PûH PkuH= J< ~O_ #^ OQ==O^
OÒQ #=Ki<_. D WOk=@, H ~=}OQ H#|_
q+=@ J`_ ~" ~#Y_ LO@<_. JO^K`, Jq J`xx
x~kOK@O Qx, H@_ K@O Qx KH`<~. Uk Z\ [~QK#\H
J`_ =Ò '^#= J< JO`~=#O^ x`= Y~HOQ = LO\_.
P` ``= Ziy#"xH D s~= Y^" JQK#k. ZO^HO\"?
1. Q"H=# kOk H#H 2. D s~O LO> ^$O LO\Ok. J~` D
s~O `<? Un HOKO _ #tOK@ ^.
XH O_ L#C_Qx H ye##C_Qx \H= Qx, =H=
Qx U"< YO_OK|_K<?... ^! D s~= #t WO^ "tOz
J#==# O^K# P` == O^#k Qx, H=#k Qx Uq
LO_^. *x D ^= Hey#C_ nx q+=O` Q<_. "=
i LO_Q XH Q_ `~_` P Q_# `Òk. JH_ Q_O>? `#
~}# WOH H#yOk. JO` Qx ''J! WH_ Q_ _~Ok H^... Jx
`z "= _ #tO^? ^! J^ qÔQ s~O < e< WOê r"`
Uq H^. s~O U~_K#C_ H`Q Un O^^.

*x H P` `# JO`\ "Oz L#\H, D s~=#_ LO_ ~|
Q= (Fruits of actions done in the past lives) # J#q LO\Ok. JO`HO`
=# =O^ `#O^ HìOz#\ ~#O^==Q 'P`~= J#
~~=# Ok P O@#O^ =#OQ #K L#k.
J#==# Jf`"# [# J=îOz ~=# HQK#k.

~O_ #^ OQ== P`, s~= O|O^=# q*# ^$+` Ziy LO_@
''OQ==O^ #O Q WH_ K|_Ok.
F u H~}O G 127
N~=_ : JO> J`_ Jx x~i Uq x~iOKx"_ JQK<_?

N =+ =i : J=#. *x P J~H^@ L#Y_ ~| H~#~OQ
# H~ $`=#, H~`=# <~"~K<_. D qÔQ ==~^$+` K
J`_ JO` K< LO\_. J~`, ^~xH Uq Kx"_ JQK<_. ''<#
~` ~^ "Oz L<# J# Z~H# Hey LO@< b=ÒQ D ^$
H~H=# q<^~HOQ O^K<_. '`[OJ< q=#O Jk~<_.
K=`~OQ, Ju O^~OQ, ~=OuÒQ D [Q`#O^ OK~=
K<_. '"u J< ~e` _Hx#"_ LO@<_. J`xH W@ J@
'``=, 'UH`= J#|_ W^~ u"# q` "O@#O\ LO@<~.
PHO P ~x K_... J`_ =#=x `# xiOQ K ''`#
H~}*=# iO*@ J# ^~=# x~i<_ H^! *x _ Ju
^~_ #~=, ^YQ= JQ D H=h K<_. ~k# `#
H ''`z` ~}=K ~"#~K<_. = O^` _#
~KO^x= JYO_ _ Ht L<_. OH~Q"#_ H@
q+O qOy`, P q+O P# HO~=# P~}" J~, P# 'hHO~_ J#
O# `z\Ok H^! *xK qOK|_ H~H==, Q=^=
_ ^Y=# QH Y=< HQ*<~.
''W`_ x["# =_ H^... H=O "+O "#"_.. Jx è# `~"` P
=H` O+} q<^=< HQ*Ok Hx q^=# H^H^! J\Q, ''D
Q=h q^~= Jx è~# `~"` Wq J\ r=xH ^+~`"#
O`+=# K~QQ`~.
#@ =H #$Ò K ^~OQ ` LO> H K=`~ ^$+`
K LO\~ H^! *x _ D ^# ~[ *k ==~=h XH
<@H=x O@## K#@, `# U=Ò O|O^" #@ J=Q#
Hey LO\_. |^~O =# @i =~=Ô `~_ Q=
==# xiOQ K LO\_ H^! *x _ D ~H ==~=#
PH~ÒQ L^Q^ x"_ K<_.
ZH_ HO_H Z`# tY~=#, JH_ =$H= =$k H=# [#
~Q~` ^$+` K LO\~. J\Q ==`= #\ *x H ^$+ _ ~
H~=O^, q+=O^ O@#O^ ~Q~`" XC` LO@Ok.

128
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
*x ~|H~#~OQ D WOk= OK q+=# J#qOK
==... JC_ "\@ U q^"# H~, u~~ ~"# @^ =OK_.
J\Q, ''Wq <# O^H<....? U"< ~, Wq <# O^=O^! J#
`~H 'Q=# P~OK^. ''U^ Oê... Jx K#q Hx `#,
P`$` J`xO^ LO_^. ^ i~~_, i~H=_ ^~#q LO\_.
<=eOKO` HO_# H_` HO_H"< J=Ò^? WH_ =z =~,
^~ *xx U=Ò KeO**=.
D s~= H;s~= = H~}"# J*#= J`xO^
#tOzÒk.
O# ~O^ Qe`d H`H I
OH} H<^ [ =-=~[` II (~ 23, . 49)
J`_H O~`_ LO\_. D ~Q=O^ J`xH q^`" ^~#
q LO@Ok. JO^K` ~H`H=# =iOz#"_ LO\_. '<O^ D
H; ^= H# K> ^... [## =~}^ = J# ^# P~Oz
LO@<_. ~[ [O Ok# KH=i= a LO\_.
J~` WH_ 'KH=i J< ^$O`=# *xH ''J=Q# i"` $+
=## q=iOK\xH =`" "_#. ^~xH, ''J~= ~= J~=#
==ÔQ *x ~ ~=Q `# P`K PÒ^ aOKK<_.
[# XH z"_x, J`x K+# Kz #=O@ LO\~ H^! J<H
QKK H}H}O "z`QK, ~ =K~= q+" J=^#Ò
=OK"ix Kz *x #=O@ LO\_.
Z=~ `lOz, ^~OQ qi# ==# P~Oz ^=Q ^K< =Hx
Kz JO^~O i LO\O H^! `K"# P# HeyO_ J*#
WOk =$`#, =~ H`H# Kz *# ^$+ Q Q #=H=@O
P~"=#k?

17. =<xQO WOk xQO

F ~=KO^! =#O XH U#Q# JOO` xQO. D '=# J<
=^>#Q ''P`Y= J# ^xx `lOz 'WOkq+= J< ^+=~O
Z@H ~Q fOk. J\ D =## UO Ke? x~kOKe. Z\? JO^
z# z# q*# i=. qK~} *#=# x~O`~O P~OKe.
F u H~}O G 129
D =# Ju KOK"#k H^! JO^K`, Wk Q= "Q ~Q i`

=$`# O^` LO\Ok. J\ =$u ~= OÔ_ h= h =#
q+O *Q~_" LO_e =! qx "_QK# XH `< H =<
Z\ ^~OQ LOK`", J\Q Q=@ U~_K# =$` x# qOK
O_ KKH"e. J\ ^+ ^~ =$`# "^ x~k LO_@O =Ozk.
ZC_` =# z~HO xQOK|_, =$`# O^H LO@O^, JC_ J\
=# = ^ HOKO "tOz< K, J""# [#O O^Òk.
Z=i =#` ZC_ P Q, ~Q=$`# P~O^, J\ "i =O^
"= ZO` q~"#, q=~"# ^# ukOz<, JÔ` Kq\"x =O^
OY= Tk#> J=Òk.
==Ô `#O^ q#O` xO"Qy#O` [O L#\H, #^
#O_ =K [=# Hi LO@Ok H^! xQOK|_# =#Q"~ J<H
~=Q J<H ^= #O_ "i =^ K~# *# q+=h OQ
HiOKQQK<~. J@ HiOz, "\x `= L`= |kK qKiOz =iO`
=#` HQQK<~. =# xH_xK\H =z K~ *# =K~O
x+[#" J=Òk.
xQOK|_# =# JÒ` OQ `$x, P#O^=#, O`+=#
O^QQÒk.
F ~"! L`="# P`*#= D r=x O^ qHOKO_ x~k#k
Uk? WOk=` U~_K# `^`" =! WOk#== @
=Q HeOKHx# "" D r=x J<H #O^ uCK#k. xk
L#@Q, L#k #@Q =# OkOKOk. WH D r=_ XH Lk #O_
WOHH^xH ~Q f< L<_.
JO^K` Kux Ku` #e, Ô`=# Ô`=` HiH, J===#
J===` PHqOz... Z\Q< ~, ~`=` D WOk=#
=Ò [~OKe.
K=`~"# q+"=O>, D OKO HO^~ J<H q+=O^
O_` LO_ _, J<H q[`=` OK=# P~~ _,
z=iH D 'WOk= J< `= H}O ^#^QK<~!
D WOk= "@"^\Q [~OK|_=# `=.
U`=u ^~}` Q ^K`< ~ I
~+H K Q} #l` K` # II (~ 23, . 60)
130
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
D q "Ò q^ WOk=# [~Oz#"~ Q=O`. J\ "~
=`" =^#=` _# z`=# OkOKQQK<~. J\ 'z`= H
==K Ju =Q D O~=# [~Oz ", z`QK<~.

F ~[#~! ''= ^$+ g~ =Oz"~ H^... "~ Q"~ H^... D
=H W\ ^ L<~... "^# ~ ^+=# ZOK =$`# H
H\ @O_. ''"~ = `=... gix = HO_|O`, |k|O` xiOK
QO...WH g g OQu K_e! WH KO.... Jx =##O K q~
~Q f#k Z@ "? q $^ ~O< ''^+OH=, q+
"# J< ~O_ H@ q+~ OKi D [# H~# q+iÒ
K<~. WO\< `=# @Hx ZH_ L# Z=~ `= QiOz ZO^H
"y~@? Z=x $Ô J~` '^+=# J< ~O q<#O O^Ò^,
J\ "_ ~ H`~=# Ju OQ O^K<_. x~O`H~}_
JQK<_.
JO^K` q~O` ''D WOk= "Q=# x~kOK@O Z\? D =##
U <~ PK~}K i^ ~KH"e? J< q+ =~=~ ijeOKO_.
^ JO^ LHiOK< LÔ`< q =O^ ukOK|_K<x
QOKO_.

18. LH xH ~^
N =+=i : F ~=KO^! D WOk=# K<"! Wq '`$+K
xO_#", =#~H^= JQK<~.
D 'WOk= J< `=# [~OKO> F~<~^ D =_
J=~O.
H$`_ `# Z=i H O O^_ "i< k_ H^! D
WOk _ `= P"#\ ^=< tk~K@, #tO*@ Q
O_ ^_K<~. ^#O _@_O '=k@ J~ LO@<~.
WO\ H< |=O`_# `= LO> Z=iH Ou LO@Ok? D WOk=
r=x O`` =C `z_`<~. J! D WOk= r=x ZO`Q
H_`< KO. Wq q+=# PHOKK 'O^=#q, K
=#q J< ~H Hey 'Ô J< Q\ "tOz =~ =~ q[$Oa<!
F u H~}O G 131
'q"H= J< =x D WOk # \ =O KH"e. J\"_

=`" JK^=Q O`~_ JQK<_. q" =Q=Q 'J=Q# J<
xH_ H"~ H =`" ~=}OQ LO_ D WOk q+= O^ U
=Ò ux Qx, H`H=# Qx OÔ_ LO@<~. WOk=# F_Oz
", `= z`=# n#= K#"~ '=\ "^# OK` "#=K
xiOK|_# D s~=# XH LH~}=`"#kQ K<~. JO^ eÒQ
P q" ~=Y=< O^K<~. J\ Y=# Q =[=#
U`# KH=~ _ O^H`<~.
Z=_` D WOk=# `# $`Q KO\_ (`# "\H $`_
H_...) '^+ =# J< `=# [~Oz"_... J\ "x i^=Q |k
'=O`HOx ` = =$k KO^Òk. "= K ^ J`x @
~=" Ju q``# OìOKO@<~.
N~=_ : q! D Q"# #tOKk Z\?
N =+=i : Z=i<< LîOKQeQk "i H 'J= =i "i
'"~Qi`"# qK~} Jx QOK.
~`=K D z`= H Q~=# #tO*e.
WOk `=# [~OK\xH J=, ^gQ}=# P~OK@
L"#k. L`= JO P~OK"~ `= Q"## OQ #tO
*HQQK<~. WO^ O^= ^. J=# P~OKO_, ''"=
LîOK|_@O Z? Jx MmK`` Q~=# ZO`Q t UO [#O?

F ~=KO^! 'UHO J~#\ ''|`` O# JOK@ K` =# H=OQ
[~O|_Q^. =# [~O|_#O` HO 'J*#O J< Q_O^H~O LO_<
LO@Ok. P pH\ L#O` "# A@ q~Q# K q[$Oa<
LO\~.
''<# _#... s~=`_#... K=@H =^ =`" L#"_#...
J# `=# h= `lOK. =##O^ P` O|OkOz# =K~= K`#,
q"Hi`"# ij<^K`# xO"~. q"H=O`_" LO_. Jq"Hq H=^.
''< Qu WO`... < Q_@"q\?... <# LîO|_*#... ZO^HO> <#
J_# H^... W\ Jq"H=#, P Jq"H=# HiOK "HH==#,
=## ^~OQ <\ "~.
132
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
q"H H =#. `# QOz# H O "Q H~H=Q x~iOK_xH
ÔQ LO@Ok. H|\ Jk J`xH Q =_.
Jk J`xx `~=" ~} HeyOk. H#H =Oz q`_.
'WOk= J< `= ^_K J}z"Ok. H#H Q =O` ~A.
=== Hey LO@Ok. JO^K` JÒ` ~Q .
eOz, P r=x J<H ^Y=, =^ #O_ ~HO@Ok. H|\ Ò_.
D qÔQ q"H q+O J`x =# J`xH H==< HQ*Ok.

'D =# J#Oh"# #= Hey LO\Ok. J~` ^x H

"=~= K`#=. Jk K`#= HO> "~#k H^. '= q"H=
L`= |kK ^xx =O KH"e... Jx =# G= k<~.
K`#= H OH# D =# ==. ^#-L# H#Q
KO_Q, D =# `# H =<~=# `lOz ''K`# =`=Q +OK
K#k. ``*#kx kOz, =~H}O `# J^$=QK#k.
G^$+K D rq`= J< Qx ijeOK|_Q, Q=OK`, ''=# H
==# O|OkOz# =K~= J< =} D r=xH aOk. J\ D
=# 'PK~ ~= ~` _ K|_# qK~} J# "\
O K` #= ~O`= (upto one's own absolute sense of experience)
qKiOK|_Q 'xk^ J< L`= H~H=O Ok. JC_ D =# *#OK
Ô JQK qH# J#Ò KO\Ok. JC_ qHe O``
aOKK H H}H~H" J=Òk.
ik^|_K# =# - D =## =#O ik^<=, WH Wk '^#
K`+O "^Hx `` H`~= =~ L`= H~# =#K` x~iO*Ok.
'[# J< JÒ` p#"# =$Hx "Ô@ YO_O*, x~u#O^=#
kOKK#k. Wk `# `< =iOKHx D r=# 'P`=# J< XH Q
[#=# kOKK#k.
H#H F ~[#~! =`~" D =## KHQ xyOKO_. JC_
'P`^~} kOK@ WO` qOz# ^H"# Ô@ WOHn LO_^.
|~^` xO_# H` Z=~< WO\H "t~? q =## 'q"HO J<
[O` i^~KHO_ D ^$O #O_ PO`~OQOH "t, ^M^
`~_`~ =!
F u H~}O G 133
=# |O^=.... =# "H= - F ~=KO^! q"H~`Q"~, =~

=`" J<H L``=` _ L# D O~=O^ OKi n~"#
} K\xH L^`<~. h= =Ò q"H_= J~, D
O~=#O^ zHO_O^H zOK. OH~"# "k =z _Ò>, ^xH
zH` QiOz zOKO_ Z=~< LO\~? F ~=! J<H J#~=
O~ ==k`" J#~Ò" I
= ="qH" W=O `==n~ II (~ 24, . 17)
`#O^ LOKHx, h =O^ H@OQ =H=QK# D OiH=#
LHOK=^.
''^="H@<= J< =~Ò O^=^.
''c=-^$_<= # HiOz q"Hq H=.
JC_ '^Y~`= J##k h Kux q+" J=Òk. 'D ^$
`=Q s~" <# J# ~=Q q^x=# iQ `lOK. D q^
==xO\H a#"#\ '`= JQ P`== P~OK. h= ~=K...
=K... u#=K... u~Q=K... J~` ~^ J=#_" LO_. Z\ |O^=#
`Q#=^.
JC_ h= =_" J=`=.

134
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
IV. ^= " H@<O
1. O~~ $+
N =+ =i : F ~=KO^! ''D OK=#O^ qi# J<H=Ok [#
Oux kOKk Z\?... J# H` ==# h= Hey<=.
=^== hO^ L<~. "H= H =Q Hey# =_=. J\
h ^="H@<= Lz`= H^ =! H#H c= ^$_ <=
#O^ `_", H~`_" LO_e. Jk LzÒ.
N~=_ : =s! D O~=# qiO*O@ J<H ^Y=#
PxOKO@# ==# q "H= =î<~.
''^="H@ <= J#iOK=^x q~ =~ =~ Ki<~
H^! q~ K# ~O_ <= Uq\ q=iOKO_. 'c= ^$_ <O
==# Z\ H~`Q KOk? ~O_ <= QiOz q~OQ K@O
K` "= kÒ HQO. H="# =~=# Z#O\O.
N =+ =i : ~ =O^Q ''^= " H@ <O J< ^QO "#H Q
WuO K`#.q#.
^= " @ - XHC_ `H=# 'O|~~_ J# ~Q
^`~A e LO_"_. =# HeOK@ J`x` =#"# =Ou_
=~H_ _. `# =K PH=#O^ #Q~=#, O^~"# L^#=#=#
xiOz, `# *u "iH W LO_"_. H$u=OQ ~KO^# xiOz, `^~
|`=# xqOz [# PÔ Hey LO_"_. J`x #
^#=O J<H S~=` ``Q` LO_k.
J`x JO`~O J~# qOz# JOÔQ =^~OQ Q#=
K LO_"~. J`x H_=#O $+ =~H_ OHx z`qz`=#
=$H=, fQ LO_q. J`_ ''H~x J< O`= Hey LO_, WO^_x _
JÒ` @` LO_"_. H_ H~ ~zOz# =\ t=x qQxH }u+
K P t=x O` KH^~_Q q+Q"#x _ F_ LO_"_. XH
=O J`_ PH=#O^ `# H" H~ #~ KO^# $+Oz
~=tOK_.
F u H~}O G 135
=` S~=Ò $+OK<_. Jk WO^H S~=Ò HO> "~@ `[`

"QO^k. = O^K, ~ ~`, Z=i<< ~ [~O Qey# "_
q~l` LO_"_. Hi#"# #=` =O` ~A# e LO_ "_.
OH~ PH$uQ O|~~xH ^=`# _ xiOz"Q Q #O LO_k.
J~` P ~H_ Z># "o LO_@O [iy#C_, H J`_ P^=~z
n~HOQ xî#C_ P U=~@ ==# LyOKHx ^=` `=
=QO` J<H=Ok O|~x J#K~# ^#=_` LO_"~.
O|~_ ^=` H@^ Qx Q=xOK_. J`_ Q =q H^!
''WC_O Ke?... Jx |f=OQ zOz XH LO <_. =^=
`~OQ=# L`#O KOk KK"? J\ J`_ K|k Q"~, g~ J~#
HO^~ ~H x# $+OK_. "i J[=~+H =Q~ <`#
$+OK_. Hx ^=` =Oz =O Kz, O|~~_ U=~@Q L#
=O P <`# #=# _ OiOK~.
D =@ O|~# K HO =zOk. ''D ^=`# JO` èHQ =ê
@_^. gix, g~ x=OK ~=# ~<#O K=O^ - Jx x~OK
<_. `# |QO` J=~=u Ô_`\xH |^~_. D "~ Z\Q ^=`
K= =~ "oOk. O|~~_ J=~=u "tOKH=O^ ^=` ~=#
=ê ZH_ ^~^xH i~ `^K<~. ~H; ^^=` =O
K` PHqOK|_ ~^# KyOk. JH_ J~ Hh~ H~~. O|~_ ~O
x O^~"# ==h `# "O@ Z`` J=~=ux # ÔQ
=~_. @}=O` `# xK `Q\ OK_. cH~OQ x<^ KO@
#O J~#\ `HO K~_.
D qÔQ ^=^#= =^ "~O JkHO HyOk. ^=` ~=# g_
ZH_H_ ~ ^ ^QH#==zOk. P `~"` ^=Ò` XH ~
Ô ="" Q ==# ~zOz, `~ J~.
JC_ O|~~_ ''"O_-H^-^$=_ J< =Q~ <`#
$+OK_. O~_ ` "o# =O Kz, "O_H^^$=_ J# ~
Q =Q~ <`# ^=` `=i"~. O|~_ =KiH JH_ H#|_
O_, J^$"~. JC_ O|~~xH HO =zOk...!
O|~~_: F H@H=` r=Q ^=`~! <# U=~@Q LO_@O Kz
< <`# Oi~? <# =KiH iH" i~, < èx K@
136
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
^Q~ H^? ~! D =@ < =`~=Q = HK Q <`#
=Qix $+#.
W@ eH, J\HC_ ~H[# $+H O|OkOz# =OÒ LKiOK
<~OaOK_. `` O|OkOz# ÒÒ x~i W@ eH_.
O|~~_ : <K $+OK|_K# =Q~ <`~! q~ Q èq `@
Q"~, Q ^ q~^ JQ^~ QH! ~~`_Q H_ =i=O`_`
ZO` OH~OQ LO\_, q~ JO` c` ~ LO_^~ QH! Ju
|~, = H O# J~ LO_^~ QH! XHH~ XH ~Ò = Q
s~= Hey LO\~. q ==# J#iOz q D ~ _`<#-
1. ^=_ ZO`\ `=<< ~, J}z"Qey#"_.
2. "_ ~== PHqOK"_.
3. H@_: `= ~G= #O_ #=# ~HOQey#"_.

P =QiH W`~ [# Qx, H~ Qx =. W^ "i H "^\ [#.
JO^K` "i O^ '~Q=^+=-JOH~===H~= J<q < =.
"~ 'K`#= J# ^~= =`= Hey LO_"~. O Qx, Ja=#O Qx =.
''=~}""! iÔ J# qH= "iO^ <^. ''z<`= H
x^#O =ÒK` ^= =iOK@ J# ~Q H`H ~`"# uO^#
=Ò " Hey<~. KK" ~=! 'H~r=_ J~=#\ P O|~~_
`# HO K` 'OH=$ux =OQ LyOK_. JO`~qQ ^
K`#=# '=#K P~kOK@K P ^= "H@ L`#"<~.
N~=_ : J`xK " Z HeOK|_~. Jk J`xH Z Ô?
N =+ =i : q=~OQ KO>, J`_ `K kOz# UHQ` K`<
^=QK#k. J`_ ^$_"# zÒ` D qÔQ 'OHO K@O [iyOk.
''JO`~q, K`#~_# JQ <# K`#" ~=Q Hey# qH}
"# ~, " Q =Q~ ~H^# OHe<#. J@ <K $+OK
|_K# D =Q~ Q H}=, H HeyO_^~ QH! H K`#O
K` L`l` ~H q[O, ^=` J[O J< H O Hey =iOK^~ QH!
W\ P ~Hx OHH P =Q~ <` [# H~}"#k.
P ^="H@ ''"= Q= Oê J=O^ _ H _Hx

JOHeÒQ< `# JOQ= H^ LO\_. KK"! "~ =Q~ J>
"<~`, Pà=#=i` PK+# H\ LO_"~.
^=`` Ô - WO`< ^=`` Ô K==zOk. P =Q~
^q LO_Q '' D `=# "" KOO... "= |=OÒ... Wk =
=#< W@ [~QÒk... J# =# O^"~ H^. "H Ô K@"
`. JO`Qx, ''J~, D `= WO` JH`Q = =z_~! WC_ Uq
Qu? "= K""?... J< OH "i ^. JO^K` ^q #O_ ZC_
ZO^ i" "iH è^. r=#==~}=, QF@q, OQ=O
qOu, u+Ju+ J#"\ ^=# O|OkOz# =##= "i U~_
^. `= _He ^|` ^HO_<< KQ=x " #qH. iH`#=##^
O_ `=# Z^~x <~. ^=` "i ^\H PQH~.
"#H uiy i=@O ~OaOK~. Jk è, O|~~_ ^Q #=`
''P! <K ~zOK|_# D =Q~ J~ ~H} ^#=*u Hi W#=_Ok
H^...! Jx Q~O O^_. ''F <<~! xH$+r=, "Q J~# P
^=`# =^HO_. "ix JOk#"ix JOk#> =@@O_ Jx LQe_.
^= " H@` _# ^#=#O ^=` "O@|_Ok. JC_ ^=`
~H OQ=O PHO# q g^ OQ ÔQ [iyOk.
~` K~O HQ~. ~~O yOz# G= ^\H k H\
~. '~~~~ |=K PHO xO_~Ok. =~z`"#\ Jy=$+,
"=$+, ~`=$+ ^q yOK|_~. =^Q J<H=Ok P
Ô =~}OK@O [iyOk. Hx UO O? JyH P[O `_#@, < e#
~H x HK~x 'Or=x =q^K Lrq`~. WOH=Ok?
'^^ "^#"i` _# ~Q}O J~ xH KK^~~Ok.

2. ==H~q+~}
P qÔQ i~# ^=Ò` ^#= ^$+Oz ÒKHx ZH_ XH
~ Ô ="=~.
WO^_ : F ^=`~! =#O ZO`\ ~OQ==O KK=! =# J<H =Ok
g~ =\HiK~. ^=_ =# #O Kz O<^ K_. "_ `#
138
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
H|O^` ^=`#=# ÔO K<_. WH H@_ OH~"# ^
q<O =~<fÒ. giH WO`\ H Z\ =K~? =#O gi =O^ x=
H`<"! WH =# Qu Uq\?

^= " H@ q[Ò` O<^ K ^=` H~H ZO`
Q< "uH "i 'iHO^! ZH_H i~? Jx `K~. "i *_ H#Q#
H~. q[Ò` `= = O|~~x =^~ "o `= q[
~O~# q#qOK<~. `=O`\ P#O^` q#=\~.

~ =~O =""# ^=` qHe, d#~. 'O|~x

x~kOK@ LO Uq\? Jx ZO` zOK~. L"n `@^. ''k
x "iH Q=O`_ H^, Qu! JO^K` =# `=_Q |^=x iÔ
Jx x~~OKHx "~O` H` `=xH }=O K~. H}O "~Oî
=^ |^=_ `H"<_. JC_ ^=` |^=x` ^="H@
Lù H=O QiOz, " K# J#~= QiOz Qz#@ q#qOK<~.
Q=O`_Q |^=_ =^#OQ JO` q<_. HOK= =#O
=OK_. z~#=` ^=` #=# ^~O KCK W@ eH_.
|^=_ : F ^=`~! HO`HO `~"` ~`_Q q+^=x K` D
O|~~_ Ò HQ_. JO`=~ q~ "z LO_H `^. J~` D Q D
^= " H@# x~kOK@O ZO`< J=~O. JO^ XH XH =~O <
H#|_Òk. "iH `= ^= @ Ja=#= HeQ@@ Ke.
WC_ q~ "i` Ô K\xH ~OQO "tOKO_. Ô K i
` LO_O_. P qÔQ ^ ^ KO_. "~ J<H~ 'QK@ J# JxH
===`~. H=OQ ^~a=<xH, xH #=`~. XH JÔ =YO
uaOa#@ "i JO`H~}= JOH~O uaOaOKQ^. ZO^HO>...
WC_ =Ò "iO^ '"# J##k HOz` _ ^.
''Y=, Q~==, P J##q WC_ "iO^ U~_@ ^. JO^K` q
|~H== "i =O^ H~QO_ `<~. JOH~=, ==H~=
J<q x "ix [~O Qey#k D HO Un ^. "i JOH~= H
K "tOzO^,.. WH "ix q~ OQ [~Oz "Q~. <#Q
yO[# u#\xH "o# =H ^~=# zO\~ KK~! D
F u H~}O G 139
r= '"# J# ``_#O^ zO@<~. 'P J# =O^

`Qx, H}O =j`QK<~. Z=iO^` "# O~OQ #tOK
K<... WH "ix x~kOKQeQ^k? ^x\ _ J#~H x"ix H~
q=YQ K=. Y=K '#= O^H, ^Y=K H$tOKH LO_"ix
[~OK@ ^^"# q+". '"# J< `_K H@|_# r=_... J`_
=#=_<, H=O`_<, J<H q+= è#"_ J~<... z=iH J`_
XH xK _ [~O"|_Q_.
H|\ a_~! ''D Ôk <#. D [#, ^#O... W=h <q "^#
H# K"_ = P^ `_ JQK<_. D ^= " H@
J\ H# =.
~A_, ~" J~#\ P``` =# QOKO_ ''<# iq`= -
iz#= J~#\ D ^^, ^=K U~_K# O|O^= KOk#
"_< H^! D `k`~ _ J\"~ Jx `K"_ "=# O^K<_.
=~`=# P~OK "_QK<_.
^` |k Hey =iOK"_ '[##= =~}=="~H= J##=h
`# ~= PkOKO@<_. J#O`=, J"= JQ P`# ''s~
=ÒQ H# K"_ `#H P`# `< J"#kQ K<_.
F ^=`~! D =_ H= _ 'P` HO> "~# ="=#k? ^.
H#H 'PH J# |O^x O^@ J#z`" J=Òk. ''J D ~^M
=H~}"q\? J# # *#^$+` ìOz#_, J^=#O^ ``
|k HeyO_, J` q+= #=HO` ==iOK@ Jx qA
Q<~.
D ^= " H@ OK= H u @ ''Wk `" J# |k U
=Ò ^. JO^K` "ix q == |~H==` [~OK@ ^~".
^=` : `=! =i = Qu Uq\?
N |^=_ : q~O` XH x KO_... q~ F_~#@Q "i=O^ =~
=~ #\OKO_. "iH [ J[= @, s~ ==` JOH~=
@ Ja=#O, Ja*Ò U~_@@ K O_.
WO^_ : ==f! J=~=ux H~ "=O` n#=O. D n#Ò
`Qk Z\?
140
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
N |^=_ : H ^Y= H~}O ^` |k. ''D < ^=# U"<
J~#^, JO`... WH < x J~~#>... J##^ ^`|k, =i
â=#O. J\ ''J` =Q "# Z=x JO`H~}=#O^ LO@O^, J`_ P
[##=~} ~=Q n#`=# #QK<_x QOKO_. J\ "_ '<#
[~OK|_K<# J# "^HO O^K<_. ''D ^=# qH}"#
J"=Q P`< <# J# =# XH ^= L< ~, P ^= "~ ~Ò=
JKOQ, JKOKOQ LO_Q^#@ U=Ò OÔ ^.
U "# ZK@ LO@O^ Jk JK@ Ò O^` LO@Ok.
'î L# K> ^~=, 'qOK"_ L#K> =# U~_K<~.
JO^K` Z=~=iH U^k Oq< JÔ` =#, "#, ^~= J#
=_O\h J#iOK LO@<~. << WO^! H#H, h n#`=# H~}""
h" H |k` QOK.
WO^^"! D ^= " H@ O|OkOz# =~=# q+xH =Ô.
Z\Q< ~, gi H JO`H~}= ''D [[=h =q. D ^"
H#|_K# ^^ "= J# "# HeQ@@ Ke.
F a_~! D r=x H = q`, = "=^ '`$+ J<
HO@H=$H= #O_ |^~K<~. "<Ò`=K |^# "iH =`"
''"= nxH O`^~= J< qs` *#O L^~Ok.
"# =$k KO^K# Hn ^Y= < LO\~.
"# #ye` Jk ~=Y=# k LO@Ok.
n~-u |*- *- =# I
`$+ |^` [# O $OY ^ II (~ 27, . 32)
XH_ Q n~_ H=K... J<H G q+ `Hx LO_=K,
J#~=Q J<H G" L@OH L#OK=K. Q = [xOz
LO_=K, ==_ H=K.... Hx UO O? J`_ `$+, "# ="<_
J`= LO_ f~Òk. ''ÔJ< =$HOQ ''$^H=O J< Q\
D ''r=_ J< H "tOz HH~" K OÒQ LO_Q, '`$+ J< =
HO^ ''WOk q+ J< ^# yO[# Ke '= J< "_ K@Q
#H Z^~K<_. D r= J=HOQ P = "K<~. WOH=Ok?
= J< "@Q_ "_=Oz D r= J<H=Okx ''^Y ~O~ J< |@
F u H~}O G 141
H LOKK<_. XH H ^~=K |OkO|_ q= J~#C_ XH J*#_

_ ^xx \ J@ W@ D_=Q_ H^! '`$+ J< `_K |OkO|_# D r=_
O@#K, z# z# =@K _ ZO`Q< "@ KO^K<_!
D ^= " H@ J\ `$+# `\ x^~~, WH "ix q~ `H
[~OKQ~.
WC_ D G=# LyOz P ^=" H@ ZO`Q Ô
K\xH LHqOz<, JÔ` =~" J=Òk. H|\ U"< L` gi
O^ "<=$ux, Ja=#=# JkHO KO_. ZO^HO> q D `=
=~=#O '^#=Mu =O\ Hhu q+= @ PHOH ^.
H=O ^= H J=O K` =` OHOK. "ix JOH~=
=Q "## P~OK@@ K, `^~ "i [~OK_xH uOKO_.
ZO^HO> "<c[" O>, `k`~=# L "i eOK=. xK=.
WO^_ : 'JOH~"# JO> q L^"q\?
|^=_ : ''P! "= ZO`\ ~H== Q"~=! ZO` èqQ"~=!
W`~ HO> "" Q"~O! WO`\ Q"~=~#\ = Hi u+ WOH ZO`
HtOKQH! D s~=, D `k`~ = @ K `= W> = LO_
QH!.... J< ==H~O "i =$k H"e. '<k J##k xK@ JOH~" LO_
*^x xOHQ K=K. ZC_`, ''"= Q"~= H^! J< Ja=#O =$k
KO^Ò^, JC_ =~H}O ''W\ Q~==## "= H`""! J<
J^~=, x`= "O@#O\ LO\~. JC_ q~ "ix W`~ ~H
x=< xiOz"QQ`~. "~ =Q~ "## P~Oz# =~H}O
"i ~[=#, `#=# <Ok eH#>.
JO^K`< *#Q L`= "## `lOK Ò ^#
P~<~. qk q^<^# x~i<~.
H|\, ^=`~! J=OK` P =Q~ "<Ò` =~ H
~HOQ Ô KO_. ''F_ =_O Q_@O... J# L` O~^+
==~x J@ KO_. "<|^# `~"` "~ q =
J=`~. "#K |^ J~#"~=~ J* LO_Q~? <^. i`
- Ju`~ "<|^ - J[= ~z K\xH O^=`< LO\~.
"< |OK`< H}H, qs`~ ~=Q D [Q` WO`\ ==,
n~#=`=# O^Òk =!
142
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
D [Q` "<~" J~=#k! F a_~! ^=`~! ~[#~!
q~O` q "# =~=#=#O^ iJ~# zH`# P~OKO_... Jx
Ki<#. "< c[=# `yOKHx, x`q[ HO_.
W@ eH Q=O`_Q |^=_ JO`~#=_. ^=` P K@ =ê
`= `= #= K~~.

3. # Ô
|^=x "H= =~ =~ #~} KO@, ^=` `= `=
~ #= HO`HO qOu f<~. XH =~O ^
x^ Ô^ "yOK~. =~ ^=^#= Ô ~OO J~Ok.
qHe OH~"# P Ô ''P` K`#=# [Q`~O qH~= W\
O~}Q< ~O==Òk H J#@Q ^~" yOk. HO`
^=` `= =# y Ô K =K~. WO`< #O
z`yOKQ~. =~HC_ ^#=` Ok KO@<~.
^~OQ Ô K@O. JO`~#O H=@O. ~}Qu H~@O.
D qÔQ J<H ^ [iQ~. "^\ Ô 30 O=`~= [iyOk.
~O_=k S^ O=`~=, =_=k O_O_ ~A.
WO` P ^= " H@, `k`~ x W@ zOKQ~.
''P! D H^# ^=` g~ _ == ''~}~} JO@
"_H#K<~! =Ozk. J=#... = =O^ Z=~< ~, ZO`\ "~? g~O`
ZO` "# "~! "= =~H==OÒ. = U"" ==# ^#O K
= #O_ 'H=# Ji<~ H^!

D suQ U^ =`~=` _# JOH~O JO`~OQ=# ZH_ #O_
|îOk. J\ JOH~= H ^$_OK` "~ H=OQ "<Q
~. J<H K ^=` K# `= "i Ô=#, ^~=#,
Ja=#=# OOkOKQ~.
JOH~O #O^ "iH P`|k ('<# JOH~=# J# =#) HeyOk...
''"= Q"~=. ''D Q`#= = Z\H LO_QH! ''WÔ`
J#qOK@ "= rqOz LO_H` Z\...? ''"= rqOz#O` HO
^# HQQH! D ^=`# W\Q F_OKK, gi=^ J<H =*=#
F u H~}O G 143
^#=Q O^^= QH! Jx `KQ~. H=OQ U^ è~x =,

Ja*`= <kQQ ^#=, n#`= "iO^ K@ K<~.
"@"^\ 'Wk J= =$u 'Wk x+^ =$u (Wk W@ LO_QH Jk
J@ LO__^... J# =$u)H O|OkOz HOz` "# U~_Ok. ''= ^=
~Q~`=, Q=~= J~`< H^ "= HHO H ^" LO_QeQk!
J# "=` Q_# "#K "~ Q~. 'P J# =# |OkO|_
H=OQ X ^KH=@O J"@ KHQ~.
XHC_ JOH~~` Oz# P ^="H@ WC_ `_#
Kz '= Jx qOK"i =, 'K= =^, |`He J# ~=Q XH<H
~Q=#, `Ò|O^"# J<H H## OOkOK<~.
H`H` P, `$+ zQ~~. ''P^=H= = D ^= ~OQ
LO_k Z\? J< #`# "^# "i ~O"Ok. = s~ Q LO_e... D
^<^h = Y= H~H H^... Jx J#O@, J#O@ H=H=OQ
|^z` J~<~. "i =#\ ^~O H HOKOHOKOQ H~OKyOk.
"<`=@O K` s~|O `Q@O P~OaOzOk. WO` =O^ LO_ L#
~H=O, `=# OiOK< nH OK~. '=~` #yeOk. 'nH
H#QK@ =`" '^H` H#QÒk H^!
JOH~=` _##\ "iH, JC_, OH~ O~=# O
* J##Q=O^ ~Q= H`H= = zOk. WH =Qi
u XH~ ''g_ ZO`Q q_? HOK" H^! =i <# ZO^ qOKe? J#
=# O|OkOz# H`# O^Q~. =`=O` #tOz ''XH"
D Ô K""? Jx =~ =~ J#=xOKQ~. H=O ^~H}
=`" "OzOKK, =~}= @ c` L<~. J\ #O_, WO^#=
H}Oz#\ Jy= "i |O #yeOk. `=Q ^=` =O^~ x=H
~. s~=#O^ JH_H_ Q J=@O Kz Ou~. "~
_ =# x=< =iOK"~.
HO`HxH ^=` q[$O}# `@HH ^Ò` O` PH= #O_
HO^ _~. J<H=Ok ^#= s~ qz#O HQ~.

W@ #=O` <@O, #tOK@O, O|~~x ^$+H =zOk.
y= =O__` 'P ^="H@ ZH_...? Jx OHiOK_.
J~` P =Q~ O|~x Z^@_\xH _~. Òx '#~H=#
144
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
eOK HO^~ =O`# "~ ~}"_~. JH_! ~}Q`, JO Ok,
JH_ ~[H## q"O P_ ~A Q_Q~. J<H ^+"## QOz
n~HO Q_~. ''D" < ~ Wk < `=... Jx `KK, ^$_
|O^=# `Qx#"~ ~A Q_Q~.
#~HH=# Jku =^~~A. XH<H~A P# U" =#~H
H~= QiOz qKiOK\xH x*K# J#iOz P ^xH =K_. J`_ #~H
H KH=i Jx èH =# x_x `z P =Q~ q#= J=H Q...
u~~=O` ^+OK@O, ZQò K@O, QeK@O [iyOk. JC_ =_
"ix H#Q=Ò` ''=~~=O "^Q #~H = _`~OK_.
JH_ ~~=-"=K "~ ^QO HqOK|_~. D r=_ s~= `lOz<
J`x "# J`xx q_==H^! JO`~OQ=#Oê ~"# =O K` XH
H~`~A =Q [xOK~. P [#"~ ''=kOK@|OkOK@ J# O
i` H x~i LO_"~. P `~"` [# " H J~. JH_
#O_ Q^ \~. P `~"` zH, H, "H, H@H= "^# J<H [#`~.
Ò "~ Hj~^"O Q XH z# K~= K~O x=OK
K<~. |~^ zH n~HOQ LO@ "~ =~}OK@^. rqOK@^.
KK"? "~ J<H [#~O~# =~ =~ J#qOK~. "i
q+`H ÒyKz#C_ "~ WOH U"" J#qOK=K<~x Òk.
=Ô `~OQ= " L`#=QK<~, #tOKK<~. P qÔQ O~
`~OQ=# zx, "<Ò`=K i` JQK P =Q~ U =Ò Oux
O^H=K<~. JO^K`, ~=! ''h= ^= " H@ <O P~OK
=^ Jx KiOK@O [iyOk. "# H ^~}"# J#~=# JO^~
QOK\xH D ^$O`=O` h K#.

4. 'J" H~= ^xH O|OkOz#k?

N~=_ : P! Jq"HO K`, J#O`"# O~ ^Y=# J#qOK\xH D
z`= ~= ``, '<# <k J# P^# QOk H^! P ^= "
H@ Qu ZO` zÒQ i}qOzOk! '^=` JO`\ "ix _ @
Qey#\ O|~~x #=# <k` LO_@O ZH_?... |~^ h\ zH
~`=# ÒK K [# ZH_...? JOH~ ~`=Q 'K`# `=
F u H~}O G 145
H L`= ==u= ZK@...? XH J_qx P@qH ~A =K

H~=# x~iOK =H[#=@ "K@? WK, "OK, L^QOx 'Ô
K@ J# ^~=# eOK@ ZH_...? q^"# P"=K iQO|_
^+=Q J<H Oz` "H=O^ zH#@ ZO`\ ~"# q+O!
N =+ =i : x["! J<H, MYQ qiOz# D 'O~q+` J<k
'JOH~= J# JO~= #O_ qiOz "OKK#k. H#H ~=! D
JOH~=# $^= #O_ `_z"e.
J D JOH~=# q^ J~=#k. ZO^HO\"?
'~Ô J# `=K G= z#\ D H#|_ '^$= [_" H^!
nxH Ouu ZH_#k? Wk 'JOH~= J# ^~=# KHO
H*^ H^! H|\ 'JOH~= ^$=# O|OkOz#k... ^$=K U~@
K|_K#k.... Jx J#\xH g^.
'K`#= Wk ~=# H~= J~=#k H^! ~H=`= #O^
JOH~= \@ J=H"H_k? H|\ 'JOH~= J#|_k J@ ^$H
(The perceiver) , O|OkOz#k H^.
H#H 'JOH~O J#|_k ^$H (P`) ^$= (Object) _ O|OkOz#k

H^. P~O_O\H a#" J~=#k. P ~O_ `` WH_ =iOHg ""xH ^.
JO^H... ''JOH~= J<k LO_\xH #" ^... J# x=# *#
=z<~. JO^K`, ''JOH~= J#|_^k ZH_ ^... J# *=#
P~Oz, Y~_= H=. x==Q JOH~=# `yOK@ Uq\?
JO^K`, ''<# WOH JOH~=# `yOKH=#k J##k =K`<
''JOQ`= J#=~= JQ =Q OKK#^x QOK.
'~=~= (The highest essence of Self) H ~= ""xH P#O^
==, uq^ `~`= J~=#k. J~#\H, JOH~= J#|_ =
H H#K PKk`=Q@K '^" J# K=`~= HeyOz, J^$~=Q
H#|_K#k. J#Q, D r=x ^$+H .... ''^+~`=, ~` ~= #O^
iOz#k... JQ ~= ^$=#=Q@^. WO`H< P~H~"#
q+O WOH=O@Ok KC? [#~`=, <=~~`= JQ `## `<
J`_ QOK@^. Q~==Q "= =z ''F~! r=_! h ~= W\k Jx
Q~ K==KK#k. J~< W`_ qh-q#O_ K~ K<_.

146
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
P =Q~ ^#=<< 'JOH~O J< KOK _O|_# "~Q
K<~. H^! ""xH "~ ^~}=x uaOa` ==Q J^ J~
=<~. J~` = H =`=K `# O^~. U"" L^
"tOK~. WC_ K L^ Ok XH =iH QO@ `K_` PHeH
J=\<~. "i `# =~<fÒ.
N ~=_ : =`! P =Q~ ^=-"-H@ O|~~x =<H< ~
H^! J^# 'LxHQx, ^= 'q Qx OqOK= H^! =i
J^Q P ^= " H@ LxH Z\ U~_Ok? Z\ [#~O~^
î fO^ <# QOK<#. WOê K=`~""#^ q=iOKO_.
N =+ =i : F ~=KO^! h= KOk x[". J^= LxH ZH_
OqOK^. Hx J=, J`= J~#k XH<H |$` ==Q H#|_@O
[~QÒk.
WH J# |$` == JÒ` H;", ^$+H aOKx^ LO\Ok. 'xk
L#^x=, 'L#k x^x= JQ_K<~!
J ZC_< ZH_< U J^= ^=Q JQK#^ KC? ^=
^=Q< LO\Ok. J^= J`.
Z\p "\x q_n^$+x J#iOz pH\ "Q= *# J*#=
U~_K<~.
N~=_ : =s! =~ < O=# K`# q#O_. q~, <#, `k`~
WH_ LO_, D XH<H q+O QiOz O+OKO@<O H^!
=#OîH '` (Existence)`H=Q kOKK#k.
WH P ^= " H@< =Q~ ^#=<< =K HeOK|_#
"~ H^! H#H "~ = HxOK [#= J^ =i! J\ J^
JOH~=#, [#~O~#, H"# WK# O^@"q\ q=iOKO_.
N =+ =i : ==Q P =Q~ ^#= << 'J^ J<
=@ <# XCO\#. J~` WH_ XH K=`~O L#k. XH_ =$Q`$+ ''Wk
[" H^ J# J#u O^K<_#H... J`xH JH_ [= L#>
HxOk H^! P suQ< " J^ J~#\H Ò= OKK<~.

<-` q^`" <-" q^`` I
'` 'LO_H=_O J<k ^. 'J` LxH ^. = = U^` H L#^ ...
F u H~}O G 147
J^ qÔQ ~, J~, ^#= g~O` q^ ~=Q< <~.

"~O` H^, h=, <#, `k`~ ... =#=O` _ D r=~= ^$
q^~=Q< q[$OaO<=, =K<=, =KK<=. '<# ~=_#
J# =+`=# O|OkOz# =#, '<# =+_# J#|_ s~=# _
q^~= J~=<~.
N~=_ : D ''<# q~ `k`~# WH_ a... J=h qq^ s`Q
J#`= <~ H^! =i ' Wq = J##k Z@ =O[=?
N =+ =i : ''=#Oê =~}= J# ^$O`=# =~ WH_
LyOz KCK<#, q#. XH_ JC_ x^~z H"x`, ''q`=! <
WC_ XH n~"# H=zO^! JO^ <# Kx#. XH #Q~ =
## "`<~.... JO@ L<_. "O@< P H"_ ''J\Q! Q#k.
J~`, `_, P O Z=iH? JÔ` Z=i H#? Jx tOK_. JC_
"^\ "_, ''"_"#! Jk < "... JO^K` < H# J<_. WH
~O_"_, ''h H H#, h" Kx` WH O Z=iH? " LO_*#C_
P #Q~ =#+ Z=~? Jx q+}= K ~OaOK_@!
J\Q, D H#|_ J<H=Ok r=, J<H s~= J# ~=# LO_
LO@#Ô` q^, J^= J~ L<~.
=# O|OkOz#^ =~H ^$O`= K`#. q#. XH_ `# H
ZC_ Kx~# `# |O^=# KK_#H... P |O^=# 'KK@ J# J#u
J`xH `=Q< Ok H^! J~<_ J`_ Kz#k J^=< H^!
J\Q, 'J`_ =~}OK_ J# *#= _ J^" J~=#^x *
=O`Q *# QOKK<~. ZO^HO\"? D H#|_ [Q` WOê O|O^
O^==K U~_ = 'q` Jq`= W=h =`=,
==`" J~=<~.
''D [Q` `" J# ^$_xOQ r=_ =Ò WO^x x`x`=
K=`~=# QOKH`<_. H =# "~ Z^~Q L#^n
K_#@, ~= =_Ò =Oz#"_ ''=~ KO^K#k =~KO^xk J#
~O_O\h q_nH`<_.
'~=~ qK~} J< JO H` D [Q` O|OkOz#... ''WÔ`
"="... J# J#=O JO` èHQ `Q^. `` qK~} x"_=_ "=
"q\ QOKH`<_. J@ x`x`q"H= O^@K aOK [#
148
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
"q\ QiOKH`<_. JO^K`<...''|= `=, [Q` q^ J<k
ukOK |_K#C_ J*x JOQ< QOKK<_.
XH_ =`Q H `y L<_. =~H_ Z\ =`hO qOK^. D Wî
H OK ^~#O "=O aO^? ^. JO^H~O H, K
ZO_`= SH` kOK^ H^! J\Q *x J*x XH ^=# L#\H,
"i ^$+ U=Ò UH`= O^@^. XH ==# Kz, ''F ==! H
J@ W@ #_==K# H^! JO> #_O^? e Ò^? ^. J*x
=O^ P` J<` q+} J<H~ ''Kq\"x =O^ OM<^" JQK#k.
J`_ `=Q H ~=#O^ xH_ O^H=K<_. =#, |k
"^# "\ ~= O`~=O^ ^ ` OK= H J#u<
JqK~}~_Q r=_ O^K<_. ZO` kOz#\H J`_ `# JO`~OQO
^ ` OKx x+kOKH =K<_.
''D [QÒ` |" J< H^#O J*x@ U=Ò QO JQ@ ^.
XH_ `, |q^ H JO, L^~ Q}=... "^#q P~OKH
` O~^$+ LO_< LO@Ok. ''[Q``"... J##k J#`"#~H#"x
=O^ |O QiOz# "H Z\ qH~ KC? H#H, HOK"## *#O Q
"xH =`" ''D [Q` q^, WÔ` |" J~=Ok J< H^#O aOk.
J^ qÔQ XH ~*xH J<H K~` _#\ D q^"# ^ JOQ`"
J=Òk.''JOH~" J`"#k Jx Ziy# `~"` J\"xH WH ^$O`=`
_# '^ ZO^? JO^K`, =~=Ôx === H LQ= H~H
D O"^=, D G=K#= L^tOK|_ LO\Ok.
N~=_ : *x D ^$=# K#C_ nx#O`\ h J`_ Z\, UqÔQ,
U~OQ J=Q# KO@<_?
N =+ =i : *x H J#=O D ~= ^+Q `#` ... |"
J~ LO@#k. WH J`x #== #O^ ''Wk iO`Qk, i`lOK
`Qk.... J##k Un LO_@^ ~= |= #O^ =^=Q< U~_
LO@#\H, `~OQ=h [" J~#@ WH_ |=HO> "~Q ZH_ Un
LO_^x Z~H Hey LO@<_. J`_ Un QOK_. `lOK_.
''~=` HO> "~Q <# Uq H#. '|OQ~=# 'LOQ~`= J<k
XH fu (Something popular but not true) =`"! H~_#Q < O^
JOH~= H LxH _ q^... Jx *x +=Q Q<_. [
F u H~}O G 149
`~OQ=# K, ''Wk =~" LO_=K Jx Z=_< q_? J> *xH D

[Q`@ ``|k HQ@^. J*xH... ~=~==Q |= #O^ 'J\k
Un ^" J# J== OqOk. e`"q\? J*x 'q^ JQ
JOH~=` `## `#.. "= PH=# HC`#@Q... H"
O@<_. qÔH~=_ JQK<_. *x, '`xÙH`=_
JQK<_. giî =O =~H suQ =~H~=~ K~.

U == Z^xH '=" LO@O^ Jk P ~=< KO^Òk Qx,
=~H ~= H^.
WO`H '~=_ J#Q Z=~? =+_ J#Q Z=~? '<# D s~=# J<k
z=@ Jx J#=O^. JO^K`, =#O D s~=K XHiH =~H~O `HOQ
L#\H XHi "==Q P`~O =~Hi uH"# H HxOKk H^.
=# H#OK D =# ~ `` ^$+H `=~#q H=. 'Hx
J#iOz Kz#C_ [ ~=QQ =#= s~=Q =i<=? ^.
s~= =# LH~}= =`"! =#= siQ s~=# "~ L<=. G
H~, *# D q+O ^$gHiOKK, ''<<! h= [#~`_=...
JYO__=.. x`_=... `_=... Jx ZQu H\ <~.

z^H= XH>...''x~O[#= (^+~`=), *#~= "Ô` G

^$+K `=... J~ L#k. Jk ~"H=. "= ^xx J<H qK~} ^~
ijeOz# `~"` ''Jk Lù, q<~`=Q ^=, ~r=H "=
~=... Jx Q<O.
D [QÒ` O`=, #` ~`= JQ P ^=K`< ~"#k.
J\ P z^H=#O^... J`=, q~^~= J~#\... D $+ JO`
OKK#k. HO\ ^+=K ^_K# "xH [OQ< PHO "O@H
=O\ PH~= Hx LO\~ H^! J*#^$+ Hey#_ D '$+ J<k
~=` O^ J#==QK#k. `` U =~O~ O^Ò^... J\
=## J#iOK 'J#== LO\Ok. J#=O Z\ LO> z^H= _ J>
j=Q ~=QK#k. `` H ^$+ |OK`< U^< Z>< U~_
Òk. ''WÔ` J`= J##k _ `` ^$+K H}= U~_Q^.
N~=_ : q! WO^ Uk Ò? Uk JÒ?
150
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
N =+ =i :
# `= <`qu `[Q` I
^^ "u zÔ ``^^` O" II (~ 31, 36)
D =_ H= ''`"#k Qx 'J`"#k Qx Un ^. J~`
z^= H `` ^xx Z@ U ^$+K QOK<, Jk J> L^~OKK#k.

P ^=_H@_"_ J#"~ Z\ =H=~, D r==s~=
^$ r=O^~ J> =HO J~. H=O "i QiOK qH= ZO^? D
H#|_ =# ^~# _ J\^. H#H WO^ ``=q LO\~? ''x~H~=,
~"H=, J#O`= JQ z^H=# K`#= U ~=# L^~O^ P
~=Q< JH_ Ht LO@Ok. K`#" ZK@ ^=_ "II"i ~=#
=Q iOzO^, JK@ J>, <H h H ~=# iOK@O,
~#=O O^@O, O#O H=@O [~QÒk.
Z_i =#O K#k H~}=< J~#\H, ''Wk (=$Q`$) [O
JO@<O H^! x~H~=Q z^H= `#H ' u '[Q` J< ~
\Ok. z^H= ^~=# O^K 'iQ}= J# =$ux
HeyO_Q JC_ e#^x< '^$= J< ~` <O. J^ z^HO
`# O uux qOKK, '^~~`=#, '~ q+f`=#
QOKK#C_,... J\ [#=# '"H= Jx JO@<O.
'Wk ^$= Wk "H= J# O[ x~zOk, k#k _ Z=~
`? Jkf K`#". ^~xH z^H= U ==O^# |^=Q@
^... J|^=Q@^. z^H= XHC_ Z\ LO_ LO_^... WC_ J>
L#k. WH Z\H J> LO@#k.
D ^$=O` z^H" J~, $+ "==O` "H~" J~ LO_Q, WH
~ |==O\ [Q` |= ^"H_ KC?

P` XHC_ Jq^` _x LO@#k. JC_ J\ `# ~=~
~=< [Q`Q Z~QK#k. PH= "O@HH~= O_<, uq~
~Q= L# H Q"xH U"" "O@HH~= H#|_@O [~QK#k H^!
~=~=# D ^$OKO Qx, s~^ Qx =.
z^H" P~=Q u Hey#k.
F u H~}O G 151
1. P^~^$+ (Wk L#k J# ^$+)K - D ~= H "=~= |"!

z^H=#O^ JO` ~^ O="! H#H ''D ~= LO_ L#k Jx
K|_K#k.
2. P~^$+ (Wk ^ J# ^$+) K - D ''<#h=[Q`^~= "^# "\H
|= H#\ LxH LO_ LO_@^. '[Q`|=... J#|_ ~O_O\
O^ _ O`=, ^~`= JQ XH ~~= LO_ #k. H#H
'<#h= J##=h J"=", J"qH ^$+H =`" `~_`<~.
H|\ ~=! h= ~H =# `lOz"=. ~^ i~
~_" LO_. hH i~ K`#`` O XH \ Ht H =^QOQ
z^#=, O`=, JÒ` K= J~ L#k. H #^~` [#
uaOa#C_, J@ uaOa`= H#|_ "~ "~ == ''XH Q_ "
=x+ Q ^"=#k.
''Wk L#k Wk ^ J< ^^$+ K`#=#O^ <^. h ZH_< "~
"~# fu Hx ''K`#= W@ "~ "~ f`K WK@ W@ HtOKK#k
Jx QOz, J@, ~^ xtO`_" Uk Z@ Lz`" J> x~iOK=.

5. ^K~= [#=
N~=_ : XH _ J@ pH\H Kz, ''WH_ U^ `K L<~ Jx
`z, =` K i=}=# J#qOK@O [~QÒk K_O_!
PsuQ, JA ^$+H =`" ''^=_ H@_ "_ <# h=... W=h
`KK<#=@! W=h `~" J~=<~ H^! WÔ` ZO`
K=`~OQ L#k! ~, =hO^! ''^~xH q^~=... J~#\ P
=Qi ^Y= Z\H q~? |~^QO@ K ~O P =QiH
=O^=O^ Uq H##k?
N =+ =i : 'F! P ^=H@" q+` H^ Uq\ K=O\"?
J~` q#. P =Qi @O|=# KOk#\ HO^~ =x =^ HOH~ L<~.
"~ ^= H@ " =H H~ =x ~# K~. JC_=Q~ `y#
=O `= Ki`# W`~ #O_ q#@O [~QÒk. "i ~O^=
J\H `Q`~. eÒQ = HQ~.
N~=_ : q~ K q =iHO` q=~OQ q<x L#k. "~ `= `=
=$Ò`=# ZC_, ZH_, Z=i=^ q#@O [~QÒk? "~ =~ Z\ ^Y
152
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
~` HQQ`~. q~ `q+`=~=#= Ziy#"~ H^! P
=Qi QiOz q+` H##^q\ KO_! Ò "~ K L^
Hey<~ H^! =O^=O^ Uq H=K#k?
N =+ =i : ~. P q=~ K`#. q#-
"~ Ò Hj~Ô Q |~^` _# XH z# `\HO KQ
rq<~. J^ Ô J<H~ J> KQ [# Z``~. XH =O
=O_ "q Hx ^#` P `\HOH "t~. P `\H=# ÔO
K~. ^#` `_#=# P =Qi L^ q<#=`~. ^
~=~O "~ =_ ~ [x~. P =_ J<H K@ Q=#
J#q OKi LO\~.
P L^ "iH HO` O`` ^~Òk. H=OQ q"K# K
^`=# O^`~. XH_ q"H ^$+K D ~=# QOKK<_#H... JC_
uQ}= (`Q}=, ~*Q}O, `"Q}O) a#a#OQ è=~ H^!
J> "~ =QiO^ "~"~ H~}K q"H |k L^~Ok.
"_ - Hj~ Ô 'Jk#= J# ~Q XH #Q~O L#k. P Jk#
#Q~O =^Ô '^= J< ~` =|_ XH tY~O L#k. P HO_
tY~OQ XH WO\x Q_Q "_ KH J~ x=_. XH Q_
H@x J~~`"# K LO\_.
^=_ - P Jk# #Q~=# '~^=_ J< ~Q ~A ie
LO_Q_. P ~A H JO`~= J<H O LO_ L<~. "\x XH
O|= H "#H QOQ XH ~OÔ XH ^= J~ '~=x |O K
^=_ HO Q_` LO\_.
H@_ - P Jk# ~[ ==Ou ~ #~O_. J`_ |O^"H=
~O_ QOz#"_. P =OuH Q$Ox O[~O z J~ 'iH J<
~` =|_` LO\_.
P #$O=Ou `# Hx H=Q ~zOz# ^="H@ Ki`
i LO\_. iH J< ~` zH ~=# L# H@_ #$O=Ou H
P Q#=# J<H~ qO\_. ~=# J=Q# KO\_. q*#^$+x
O^`_. JO`~OQ=# U~_ |k iH` H =O K` O|~~xK
HeOK|_#\ `# r=~=# `lOK@O [~QÒk. 'O~= J# ^xx
=OQ #tO* L`"`==Q '"H=# O^`_. J> ~[=Ok~=
F u H~}O G 153
L# ^=(^=_), '^= J# HO_ L# KH ("_) P [#

^=-"-H\M#O Q#O K#C_, `= ~ Ki`# qx ~"`==Q
x~}^=# O^`~.

F ~=! D qÔQ ^= " H@ H =$Ò`=O` q<= H^!

nxx |\ h= Q#^q\?... ''<= ~=` _# D OK=O` #
~=, ==`= J~=#k... J##k Q=xOK. XHH @i
=$Q`$+# Kz ''Jq [=x `~OQ=... H#H JH_ +OQ [O
L#k... J# ==# O^` LO\_ H^! J*#= K`< D r= J<H"#
=# O^K<~. J*#= D r=x 'J`#` u #O_ 'J^`=#
OQ#@ KOk. J`_ J`= _`|_K<_##k Q=xOK|_QH!
J*#Q =_ ^="H@= `#= O^K<~.
N~=_ : J=# =s! H`, `= H#QK ~`=## #Q#Q
KQ"i ~H==H_? ~[O=# " XH ^= |` ZH_? ~
KO^# _ x~kOKQ "^ ZH_? XH WO\ K~ =y LO_ KH
ZH_? K_Q< ^=` _ ~Q` |~H==H_? XH O[~O
W~# zH ZH_?

6. ^ `=
N =+ =i : F [#~! ^K, =`K =zOK|_K# L`=
^## P~OKO_. U^< x=~HOQ x~OK|_#C_ `H O
J=@O [~QÒk. D HH=# ''^#O^# "^# OzH ^#
q+= Qx, ~HH q+#\ ''H =` Q_# `=,
"H=~ =#=... "^# q+=O^ Qx ~`Qx `^#"#
`" ^=QK#k.
JO^K` ~=! "H= H~H `=# =Ò h= U
H}=O^# q_=< =^.
''`" L`= [#=# kOk Jx J#\xH J<H
~}H"# (~}= K|_#) ^$O` L<~. 't^_ J< =x
L<_. P# ZO`HxH O`#O HQH=_O K`, P# t=x H\H=
154
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
H~ Q ` K_. t=_ `H" Q H Q XH =~x kOK_.
~ #OkH~_. Hx P #OkH~_ J"# P+ H"_. JC_ ^~=
P[# J#iOz #OkH~_ XH ~=~O t=eOQ=# uHOz UHQ``,
H` JiOK_. t=x J#QxH `_, =$`=# _ [~OK_ KK"!
P #OkH~_ `# H `=K`< ~= t=x H~K~}# P~Oz,
=$`=# [~Oz, `# èÔ_ JO`x P#O^x HeyOK_. (eOQ~}")
|e "^# ^#= Q `=K`< ~ ~O#Q ^=`#
=iOKQeQ~. ("=# ~}O). =~`~A "^# =Ò` `=
K`< P B#`=# kOK~. 'O=~_ J< =i `# H
`= =O K` |^=xQ qOz, =~ ~~# $+OQeQ_.
F ~" =iOH=~=i" ^$O` =# ^xH...? D =#Oî H#
=O^ H\ ~ `[=` "QO^K# D qq` =ix KK"? W`_
[#` XH == ~A. P `~"` P ~[=# `$}OQ `lOz =
`j_ Q `# PKiOK_. = H+ ^"#\ ''}`=#
_ =iOK_. ~[i J~, <` HOz, =iO` ` j_ WC_
|iQ "QO^K<~.
J\Q, 'L=#_ QiOz q<= H^? J`_ XHC_ JÒ` =O^ Q
ux Ok<_. x~^ J~ O_ He# h~ _ aOKH, U^ îHOk
ux PHe f~<"_. J\ L=#_ `# H `=K H~=^=<
O^QeQ_.
'`_ J# =~H_ `# H 'H =OK` =H=# OiOK
==Q =x OÒ* =$`=# [~OKQeQ_.
'qu J< ~Q ~[H# '=OQQs=`= "^Q `# `=
=O K` Q "H`~`# îOz `# ~ `=O`x }=# =
^~~A =#O_ uiy O^QeyOk.
OQ x~iOK|_# `= = +=, J"
J~ L<~. H|\ ~=! h= ~`==Q "H= QiOK ~^ `j_"
LO_@O LzÒ =!

<<! ~=! D r=_ J#H}O ''[##==~}=, Y=^Y=...
"^# J<H JOMH=Q O`h O^K<_. J\ O`h
F u H~}O G 155
=OQ HeOK|_O>, JO^ XH P`*#= =`" k="# B+Ô. J\

P`*#O H~ J<+} i`"# `= x~O`~O [~QK LO_e.
J, D '|k KK#^q\ Q=x<"? Wk =Q`=, ~`=,
O``= kOKQey#\ P` =K~=# LHOk. '^, JO`$, `$+,
H=O "^# P^# iQOK "x ` ~HOQ P~Ok.
ZO` _, z=iH ~QH~H= HQ ^~=h OkOz ^z@
O\Ok. W\ =î`=Q O^~O qA_# "_ K T~O\_? ^.
N~=_ : J\ D ^+|kx x~kOK@O, xqOK@O Z\?
N =+ =i : D q+= Q ^+"q\ ijeOKQ L`= ^$+ H~H
Ò, J<+} yOKe. `= =~ =~ @^` P~OKe.
''P! D `= =` _Hx#\ ==~O H^! WC_\ Ô?
D =[x`"# P#O^=# H~ "= UO kO? =O^ =O^ WO`
qOz#^^ O^`=x #=H"q\?... J##\ J^$+` _Hx, `
=O^=# P~OK"ix Z=~ H_Q~? D r=_ U"" [_=#
Pq P` q+" ``~O K<_. <#~! ''"~Q=#
JOK@ J# = q~ ÔQ H`... ^~`=, =`~= JQ
'z^#O^= H = _ Z\ aOk KO_? qOKO_ D
[Q` Z=~ Uk O^Q~?
==, ~|= - '|= J#Q Uq\? Jk ZC_ ZH_ Z\ `~_
q+=? H< H^. WOkxQ=K i~"# z^` ~=Q |"
~|= =! J\ WOk xQ=< '== (Withdrawal from sensory avo-
cations) J< ~` <O. D 'O~O J< J#~= nx =H~} ÒQ
x=iO|_O> ''=O # P~OKe. Q J#~= #O_ H_ Q^ H|\
''=" ~= ~~O. ~ L`= `= [#O =OJx =h
KCK<~. '==, '|= J#|_ ~O_ XH> =! WO^ ==
J##k OH~xQ (O{H~_|#O^=# HQ* "_) Z~Q. F ~=!
Ja=#=# `lOz#"_", x`= ==< P~ LO_. `=Q
"HH Q"# L`= [# H~ QiOK D r=_ `j_ H"e.
`~+ = - '<# ~` ~_# J# ^#x+` _# Z~H# s
HiOK#\ =h D q JH_H_ L<~. J\ [## qOKe.
''`~+# qOK@ J# J= Q"~ D O~ Q~=# J=bQ
^\"K<~.
156
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
# Ò # f~x #} [x K I
O~ Q~`~ [<=#O q< II (~ 33, . 14)
`~+ =#= xK `, f~, ^q O~Q~=# ^\O
H=Q=.
Z=x O^` "H^= ~A~A `Q` LO\, Z=_
`# qkOz# H~=O^ #OQ =i, JH~ $`= = LO\_,
J`_ [#_.

7. ^$= H JÒ` J==

[# OQ`= KK ~Q, P`"`Q "i O~=K, D r=# D
^$= H J== aOk. ^$=HO> Jf`" ^$= K~*#\ u
J#==Òk. J\ "xO^ ~=` +Ok. J`xH WH U J#==,
^x @ _ HQ^. J`_ ~=Ò^ UH", b#" LO\_.
^~xH D ^$= U ==#O^# L`#= H<^. WH =O^
_ Wk LO_=@ ^. =i =~=#O =Ò Wk 'L#k Z\ J=Òk?
JO^K` |=# Ziy#C_ Un, ^xK` _ kO|_@ ^. ''|=#
Ziy#"_ [Q`# `l_... J# "H=# xt` |k` ''J`_ D ~=
|=Q< î_... Jx J~O KH"e. WH |==# HeyO_@K`
#+"=#k? ''<# |=< J# J=Q## ''q+` kOK=#
q+OQ îOK=# <=#k?
D [Q` Lù J~ LO_^... J# `=# Lù H~}O J<H
O` x~OK= H^! WC_ _ J^ uk<#.
N~=_ : =s! D uH O|O^"# 'z^H= QiOz +"#~=x
"_H#K<#. 'z^H= J#^x@ qA J#=O, ^$+ Z\ LO\O^ =i
HO` KO_.
N =+ =i : D uH O|O^=Q z^H= O`=, x~= ~=~
~= J~=#k. JYO_=Q < H h H ~H "=`` " H^!
WH ''<# O`_#x~_#~=~~=#, JYO__#"=`` =#...
J# =## JOK\xH "#f=# <=#k? ''< H ~= D
uH= O|OkOKH, O|OkOp _ LO@# z^H" Jx x~O`~OQ
QOK|_=K#. qA J\ J#==< ~^, ~` O^K<~.
F u H~}O G 157
N~=_ : J~` =hO^! D PH= "^# ^$^~=, Jq J#=

=QK# D WOk... W=h =[x`= J~ L<O\~? W=h ZH_
#O_ U qÔQ [xOK~? ` #O_? J` #O_? H = #O_?
N =+ =i : ` JQ P` qH~~`=. JO^K` P` #O_ 'PH=
"^#q L^qOK@O JOQ`"# q+O.
'J` J##k =Q x^ H^! x^x #Oz PH=, q
"^#q Z\ L^q~?.... JO^K` ~O_ H= H= H=.
WH Wq '= #O_ HeQx J#O>... = J#Q 'q^ Jx H^!
q^ #O_ q^ J~#" OqOKQ=. W@ D PH^ Lù OqOK@
^~#k H^.
H|\, ''HeÒ, KOKO JQ r"` H OH ^~}= #O^ uaOaOK
K`#" WÔ` Jx J#H `^.... uaOa` K`#" D [Q`# HeOKK#k.
K`#= ^xx Z@ H# KK#^ J@ P H#< '[Q` ~=Q
J#qOKK#k.
D =H= H# JO` _ ''K`#= J# ~x H~}=
=" J~=#k. H~}=, ~xH ^"=#k? ^ H^!

8. JOH~= H ~=
D ~qH= q^ H|\ ''D =H=Oê J#=O xiH=Q
~|~"... Jx K|_Òk. K`#= `Q ''xiH" J~#\H
qH`=# K=`~=Q Hey LO\Ok. J\ qH=Q K`#=$u H
''H# `~K@, =@ J# K=` $` D '[Q` J# J#== H
Lù q<#= J~ L<~ =!
~=~=Q z^H=# ''Ji*`=Q JOH~= J< =e#=, H
Jq^ XH ''Q~_ O@# = LO_ LO\Ok.
i*`=Q JOH~= (~= QOz, `^$+x JO`s#OQ îOK
r=_) =Q z^H" J~=#k. H|\ JOH~=# i*Ò (*#
=O) K D ^$` |=Q< QOK|_Òk.
Ji*Ò K#C_, |`HO> "~ L#^x= =# HeyOKK#k.
158
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
W\ O~"kH (JOH~=# |= HO> "~# ^x= O^@ J#
"kH) B+Ô XH>. Jk, D JOH~= H ^~~O Z~Q@.
$k=Ô" "i^ qV$O` I
`#kH=e `$@V=&s II (. 30, ~ 33)
nxx ^~ ~"q\ `<=... WOH=#k? Wk U qÔQ#
LO_*^x èÒk. [= [= He`#@, i*`= J~#\
JOH~O z^H=` UH`= O^Òk.
JOH~O, ^$= - F ~=KO^! ''JOH~O J#Q Uq\? J< q+O
"= ZO`Q< ijeOK=. <#h=J`_W`_ "^# "\` _# D
^$ ==~=O` ijeOz K, ''D ^$= `Q ^. Hh, '=## H,
'^+# P~OKHx J\ =<#~OQ L#@ =Ò Ok Jx Ôf
HiOKO. WH_ ~~` z^H" L#k Hx, '^$= J#|_^n ZH_ ^.
'JOH~= J#|_^n z^H= #O_ "~#kQ ^. q", J~
JQ *# ^$+ JOH~" 'xk JQK#C_, WH Jk XHix kOK@
Uq? K" LO_*^x QOz# `~"`, J\ KO H K~ Lq~
"~=~? _"~=~? J~` JAQ ~ ''KO ^ Jx Zx=~
K< "i HOîH K|k `QH=K H^! ZO`Q kOz#\H
P` O^ WOH# xH_ U~_x r=# 'JOH~= ^ J##k J=Q`
=Q@^. WOH# O|k +OKK< LO\Ok.
ZO` =~H` D K`#= 'JOH~= K H|_ LO\O^ JO`=~ O
~=Q Jkf P``` = J#==# HtOK^. ZC_` D r=xH
JOH~= H J ~O J=Q`=Ò^, J\ JOH~= H q*#
^$+H WH D '~=#~H="H= "^# H# LO\? LO_=.
JOH~ "O, $^HO - JOH~ "O $^HO OKiOK
K#O` ''WOH U^ O^= L#k... J# ~=Q `$+ J< HO_=
=$k KO^`< LO@Ok. K`# ~x JOH~ "O H LOK@ K`, WH J*#
JO^H~" " LO@Ok. *#= H H= =~Q#_ LO@Ok.
e`"q\? ~^# ^+O x~H}O x $ Jax"O =^=`~...
W=h Ò_q LO_@O. pH\ L#K> Qa= "^#q H~= K
LO\~ H^! _ `# =K ''K= J#|_, J #\, XH<H ^xx
HeOKHx, O^` ^M J#q LO\_. ''## P Ò #O_ H_O_.
< '`_ LO_O_ JO@ `k`~# Ji_. J\Q, D JOH~= J#|_#k
F u H~}O G 159
`Q J` J~#\H, HeOK|_ =s O^|_Òk. J\ H# ^YO H~H

U~_K#k. ZO^HO>, JOH~= H H#K dOK"~ Z=~ LO_~.
JOH~=, O~ =! - pH\ _=# XH =OH~ \OH~ `_# Kz
''J=! Wk "! J# |k U~_Òk KK"? Ja=#O K` H+`"#
JO`H~}= #O^ D ''JOH~O J#|_k HeOK|_Òk. WH J\ JOH~O
~O~ = HQ*Ok.
''D ^" <# D WOk= <q, <# D îq`_#, D ^=
=yOK|_`, Jk < =yO JQK#k... W@=O\ =<"= HO> "~Q
J#~= D OKO W`~O =. WH =O^ LO_=. ''D OKO
r=xH J<H ~=# ^Y=h ZH_ #O_ <~? J< q+=#
"= ZO`Q< ijeOKO. ''WÔ` JOH~ KHO H q[$O}O, i}=O
J~=#k... Jx H\ <O. 'JOH~= J< q+=$H=# '^"# =#
J< Q O`= O` H\ "` HeOz"e. JC_ 'P` J<
HÒ O~<H~=Q '*#c[= JOiOk. Jk ==$H"... ''<#
JYO__#, x`_# J# Z~H ~O LO_ ==# kOk.
<k, <# - 'JOH~= J< =$H=# ''<k <# J##" ~O_ Y. J\
<#, <k J##q WOkq+= @ ', J= J# "\x =OQ
Hey LO@<~. Jq "#. D "# r=x O^ ``qK~}# #y
K<~. JÒ` =` _Hx# J<H [#~O~# D r=_ O^@
K<~. [O `~OQ = D [# H~ Ju KOK=, z=iH Ju
`K=Q i}q<~.

H|\ ~=KO^! h= ^~xH P` ~=Q Hey L<=. J\ h

JO="q\? Jk x# OHzO*@", |OkOK@" Uq\? h= JO
= ~`_" =! J> ur=x q+O _. J~#\H JO== P`#
H"K#k. eÒQ D r=_ OQ D O~KH i=}=# `#
PkOKH#K, ^Y=` _# J#==h O^K<_. ''P` ~_
#Q < U ==O^# [# H~ = J# Z~H# U=~KK<_.
'[# J< J~}O 'JOH~O J< JO^H~O "Oz L#O`=~ '^Y=
J< =kOz# K= q[$Oa< LO@Ok. D JOH~K= ==
'O__H =O`=K =kk H^x JOîx Ki<#.

160
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
9. JOH~= x"~}O
N~=_ : =`! D JOH~O =$k OÔ_ LO_ L"q\? D
O~= =# HQ*Ok. W\ x=$u H~ qq^ [## ^$+
@Hx Hx L# q=~OQ K=#^x i<#.
N =+ =i : ~[# @ h Q J"["# =# "= Q=x<=.
JO^K`<, D r=x H =, ^Y= x=$uH~H D P` G=# =
H J#=~OQ uk<O. D O^~= h JÒ` =zÒ.
JO^K` h =z`"# Hx q WH_ =^#OQ KC`#. q#-
P` ^#O - P` XH x~"# J^= =O\k. z<`" ~=Q Hey#k.
J\ ^ z<`=Q P`H ==# x~O`~O ^x LO_e. JC_
JOH~O =$k OÔ_ LO_Q^.
q~QO - ''^$~OQ # D WO^* ^$"#Ô` q^ H^!
g\ @ < ~Q"O^? ^+"O^?
W\ '=##= H 'zO`# x~O`~O X#~@ K` JOH~O =$k HO_
LO@Ok. Z=xO^` ''D ^$O "=O J# J#=O Qx, ''<k... <H
LO_e J##\ "^#Qx LO_^, Z=_` ~u QÒ^ O`z`_
==i_... J\ "x O^ JOH~= `H ~=Q^.
^$ ==~O #O_ ~x "~ K LOK@O -
^+ ^~#= ^$=
Perceiver - Perception - Object
<# z` [Q`
Knower - Knowing - The known
u\ ~^ Z^~Q U~_ LO@#k H^! J~`, XHx O^ [,

`= =O K`, ''Wk QOKe. Wk `lOKe J# `[ Q
^$+ #tOKK<~. JC_ J\"x O^ ''=`= J#|_ =^~ =O
=$^=Òk. JOH~= =Q< H}OKK#k. ''<-O, WÔ` <#
H^. <# ^xH H~# H^. < "=`` = ^xH H~Qh, HQx Jk H^...
J# =#K`< JOH~= xiOK|_Òk.
ZK>` JO`H~}= #O^ ^^$+ H ^=# #y` =O^, JH_
JOH~= `# `=# H` LO@Ok.
F u H~}O G 161
N~=_ : Ò_! W`~O q~ =^#O Wz L#\H, =~ J\ <

J_QK<#. XH> J~#\H, q~ J<H H}= #O_ =^#O
W<~. H#H = q "H= JÒ` [#H~OQ< LO@<~.
Jb JOH~= H ~"q\? D 'JOH~= J#|_#k D
[Q`#O^, =#O^, =<~^=O^ U ~= Hey LO\Ok?
1) ^=# O|OkOz# JOH~=.
2) ^=# qH}"# '|k O^ U~_ LO@# JOH~=.
D ~O_ JOH~= QiOz q=iOKO_.
qq^ ~=# D JOH~= `lOK|_k Z\? J@ `lOK@K HQ
[#"q\? D JOH~=# Zx f~Q qlOK=K? D q+
=zOK=x i<#.

10. uq^ JOH~=

N =+ =i : F ~=KO^! D HO =_ ~H=# JOH~ L<~-
1) ''D ~= << 2) ''WO^x Un <# H^ 3) '' D ^" <#.
1. J"= W^" ~"... D ~= ''<< -
JO ~qÔ qO ~=`=K` I
<#û ~= q* OH$` I
"H # |< r=#H q^` II (~ 33, . 50)
''D [QÒ` xO_#\ H~~=, H~}~=, <~`= JQ P
~=`# <<. < J#=Q '[Q` J#|_#k "~ ZH_ ^. <# qOK@
K`< [Q` LO\Ok. =##, "f`_# _ <<. <K Z^~Q K_|_K#
"~O` < H ''`z` H~}O[=...!
D JOH~= ~`="#k. Wk "H=< HQ*Ok. W\ =# |O^=
J=^. W\ JOH~= r=#O^ i~` OìOKx LO@Ok.
2. H= i^ H~=" - D ~=# qH}"#\ i^=Q
'H=H ~=# <#.
''D [Q` H#|_ ~ ^$==HO> _ qH}"#"_#. ~=#
H``=#, ^_#. J"=# J~=<#. H#H WO^ <# Un H^...!
162
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
D H#|_k, `~_k JO` ^$H= HQ, <# =`= `=#,
x`=#...!. ^+ =HO> "~H^! D [Q` < J\^!
Wk _ OH~" J=Òk. r=#K P~OK|_K, "H
=#O^ HiO*Ok. J~` ''= qH O^ "tOz#\"xH
~O_ JOH~= _ H=O ''HOk"@Q< è= LO\~.
3. W^" ^-" "" - D H H#|_ OKuH ^= =`" <#,
''D K`, H` _# ^" < ~= D ^=# J#iOz =`"
<# LO_@O [~QÒk. ^=# "~QQx, Jf`=QQx <# #...!
W\ HH"# x= `K"#k. hK"#k _. Wk | `= H|\
~^ `lO`y#^!
'<# D ^=# J# ~=Q JOH~= J<H ~H=Q
q`~"#k. |=`~"# `= =O\k _! D ''^""-" =~=Q
JOH~= PÒ^ =OQ< J<k HO #O_ OH" #k. =
#O^ '== ^y@ PÒ^ ''[Q` H H# K@, O^@
J# K=`~O xH" LO\Ok. J~` Jk J==, J"== J=@O K`,
''<# s~=# J# =# O^K# D r=_ ZH_ XHK@ x=H
=K<_.

J! J<H ^~#O^ ~^ =$`=QK#\ '|kQ D r=_

x~O`~= J<H q` K<_! =`Q"~ i^=, JYO_=,
J"= JQ 'J"# P~Oz, J@ D [Q` OK~O K<~.
''D ~= << J~#\H, <# D ^$=# O|OkOz#\ Un H#...
J# ~O_" ^#Q Hu` '<# ^=`_# îq`_# J# =
~=# LO@# 'HHOH~ ^+=# P *# qz#O K"QQ
K<~. ''^""" J# ^xx ''~`-" J#^x O K D
^ == #O_ xO~HOQ q=Hx O^K<~.
''<# ^=# J# =#K =_= JOH~= ^$__K#k. Jk
|O^=QK#k. ''~ =#OQ LO_ L# P` KH=ix << J# JOH~O
K` `K`= [~OK|_e. '<# ^=# H#... J# x=K "^\ ~O_
=OH~ ^=`~.
F u H~}O G 163
P `~"` H=OQ "^\ ~O_ JOH~= O|OkOz# =# _

=` `lOz"<~.
'=#=O`=x~= JQ ~= =Ò ^" +OKK#k.
U qÔQ J~` HHOQ Hx# ''^" <# J< =# ~_O^, `k`~
JOH~= _ J\ U^ XH H, Hx =~= ^~ J=~KH"e.
U^<, J= K`< ~` O^K#k. ^+=Q ÔH~=#
`KHO> K... ^Y=h =z_K<~.
^="H@ Hey# ^~# Q=xOK= H^!
ÔH~=# `lOz#"_ `# `< `= KO@<_.
N~=_ : HH"# 'ÔH~=# i`lOz# =#=_ Z\ =i<_?
J`_ `# `< Z\ Ò KO@<_? =i HO` q=iOKO_.
N =+=i : 'D ~= << J~ =<#... <# =~H>n U H}O# JQ@
^ J# ==# HiOK@ ÔH~"kH B+^"#k. ''^
J=Q~=K `= `= `=# f=`~O K#"iH Jk ^"
J=Òk. J\ L`= =# =$kO^KO_Q, Jk P r=x ~| H
O^xQ KK#k.
"^\ ~O_ JOH~= L`=^$+` P~OK@=<k WC_ WH_
x~iOK=K =! J~`... ~ JOH~= ~`=K`< ~`==Q
|^= Jk~OK|_Òk.

F ~[#~! q~ ~|= QiOz# ^ `y# "~ H"O>

=O^Q '<h OKuH ^=# J# =~=Q ^+ P=#
`lOKe. ''<# D îq`_# J##k XH iq`"#, Oz`"#, JiH
"#, J=Q"# J=Q# Jx, ^xx JkQqOK> Y=, ~=,
L`== Jx "= ~ Q~ K<O. XH_ D OK=# ==i LO_
=K. ^ WÔ` `lOz XHK@ XO@i`#=# P~Oz H= Q_` LO_
=K. Uk U"< J`_ =Q # D HH ÔH~=# `` qK~}
OK [~OK_... WH J`xH '`#= J#|_ T _ LO_^. J\
JOH~= qOKKO_Q ~`$_QK# =#=_ D Q=x\h
xiOQ ("\` J#~Q q~Qk =# KO_<) K LO\_. Q=
164
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
~zOKH=@K WH '"H= J# =z Z^~Q xz LO@Ok.
=#x JO^H~==O\ D 'JOH~= `y# `~"` WH ~#O^=Q
"HuH "~ u|O^H Uq LO\~?
JOH~ J#O^# =~<^= ~= I
~+} ` f~` =Q~ II (~ 33, . 70.)
JOH~= =iOK@K`#, ^~=# J=OaOz G=}= "^#
~+ `=# P~OK@ K`# D O~= `H ^\"|_Q^.
H#H, "@"^@... ''D [QÒ` <<. H|\ JO` < ~".... J#
x= Hey O_=. P `~"`... ''^^ <# H^. XH ^= Hey
L#C_ P ^=# =`" O|OkOz# ^#`q`k ==~= _
<q H=... < J<H ^= U~_=K QH... <# U XH ^=# H^ Jx
qOK@K u|O^H=h `y`~.
JC_ J\ L`=_ ''i^`# O^ `= LO\_. H=OQ =
qH O^ u Hey LO\_. WH J`_ OQ Jiz#=Q i~`
~_ ''q^H=x _ O^K<_.

11. c= ^$_ <O

N =+ =i : WH =#O P O|~~x H^ =Ô. ^= " H@ P qÔQ
#tOK~ H^! "i`> Q ^` #=O` #tOzOk. Hx O=`~= J\Q
Q_K~. XH ~A O|~~_ XH K@ M#_ W@ zOKQ_.
''D ^="H@# < =Hx LyOz $+OK#. Hx, UO O?
"~ `= =~`=K q^Q JOH~=#, ^~OH~=# P~OK~!
P q^ H# "i q<#=# î fOk. WC_ <# UO Ke? D
^=`^=# <# x =O x~kOK@ Z\? ~, WO` H< qH}"#
=Q~ <k`# D =@ $+#.
..."~ Q q"H=O` LO\~ QH! ... q^ q+=# Ja=#=,
`~ (self praise), <<^@ HiH, Q~= =~^ @ O "iH U =Ò
LOKO_ QH! ..."i `` *#O "eqi@K q^=~` LO\~!...
D q^"# q+}=_# =`~OQO $l~OK_.
F u H~}O G 165
=Ô |^^= U~_` LO\~ KK"? P suQ, J`x H

|k, =H=... ~O_ UH" c=_, _, ^$__ J< =Q~ ~H#
$+OK~. P =Q~ ~A. `H#=# ~|= QiOz Ziy L<~.
^x \ _ "iH ~Q= Qx, ^+=Qx =. Oz# H~=# x~iOK
< |k =Ò "iO^ L#k. q`"#, ~`"# JO`H~}=` D
[Q` #O` `$}OQ K LO_"~.
"~ ^=`` J<H O=`~= ~_~.

P =Q~ U =Ò JOH~=# O^@^. ''<k Wk... "^#

=#` _# "# "i JO`H~}=# L^~Oz =~H}O... ''D OKO
q\? = ~"q\? J# qK~}# P~OK"~. J\ qK~}K J`
"# ''<#, ''<k J# =## "_Q>"~. ^=` `~H~H "H,
=* O|O^"# P c=--^$_# gOKH~.
''D ^= J`" H^!... =i D ^=`? ... g~ J`~...! "=
Z=~=? D [Q` H u Uq\? WÔ` ^$" H^! WO^ x`"#
^k? =~ KO^`#^k? D r= O|O^= Z\q...?
W\ qK~} K LO_"~. WH "i $Ô U=Ò ^
L`#=q H=.
D s~= q^. H#H Wk x^. ^ K`#= =`" `=. Jk
P` H u. "=Qx, D ^=`Qx, `k`~Qx ^~xH =. WÔ`
P`=O! ....Jx ^$_OQ x~OKHx, JC_ ^xH |^~"~.
N~=_ : P c= ^$_ J=Q# K=`~OQ LOk. "i ``~`, |k
Z\k?
N =+ =i : J=#. "~ JOH~ =i`.
N~=_ : J#Q...?
N =+ =i : "iH ''"= =e`#=#, =$`=# O^`""? D Ô,
^ O|O^ Qu Uq\?... J# "@ ^. [_=Q ^xH, K`#" ~OQ
Q `=... Q "= J"= O|O^=q\ "~ QOz <~. `
q+` QiOz# ~ P, P~# H<\ , H=O Z\HC_ OK
=~=#= #O^ K=#\ H~= QiOz =Ò Hx, |kx, Hx
166
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
qxyOK"~. =n~`` =~=#=# =Ò J#iOz =iOKKO_"~.
x`= PH~`"# |k Hey LO_"~. ''"= gix =k<=... J<
Ja=#= Qx, JOH~= Qx "iO^ ^. JO^K` "~ =kOx "~
JQK<~. '"# J< *= "~ zH#@^. '~^ <#
H$`H$`_<... JH~<... J# Z~H Hey LO@<~. ''Wk = O|OkOz#
H~= H#H x~x~= = O|OkOz#q H=. x== H #
H~H "= Wk `H x~iOK=#k. H#H J> PKiOK^= QH... J#
J"`=` _# =#=Ò Hey LO@<~. g`~Q, ^+~`,
x~O`~O =^$+ HeyO_, '^= J# H~H== ``~ <~.
"~ ^=` #=# Ju OQ iOz"~. H Q==#
J#qOz#@ "~ ^=# îOK~. JC_ ^=` #O x
~Qu H~Q~O xOz# N =<~}x ~}"_~. q+= "iH
~}Qu kOz, ''a_~! P c=^$_ [~O|_~. J~` q~
"o ` nO "tOz YOQ LO@ LO_O_. =i HO`H= J~# `~"`
P O~~x q+O <# KKO\# Jx K "ix OOz"_. `y#
=O q+Q"#_ O|~~x Ô_u `# KHÔ` J`xx #
"ÒQ =@\_. $+ x~i# #=Q `# ^$+ @Hx
^=`# H__. <~}xK `# O|~~_ q+HO K~_.
JC_ [iy# ~ OQ=O, P Q"#_ c=^$_ q^
H=O kOK_. P =Q~ ~H "<~` H^! JO^K` "iH
''#~# J< Qu aOK<^. O`=#, H=O ~=Q PÒ^
i_q~.

12. "<~`=
`^# |Ô =HO x~#O =# I
~= x~h= =~ q"H` (~ 34 . 27)
KK", ~=KO^! "<`=Q =# ''|^= JQK#k. "<
~`=Q =#,... =H< O^K#k. H#H h= J=O '"<~`=#
OkOKH.
`==# QQ qKiOK@K "## x=iOKQ=.
F u H~}O G 167
K=~ iOz# `~"` nO =#O O^Òk H^! "# #tOK,

WH, z`" LO_^. z`=x K@ YO ZH_? ^YO ZH_? P ZH_? "O
ZH_?
=H ^~#O, J"= ^~#O - WC_H_ ^$H# K#k Z=~?... i~
=Q 'P` ^$H# KO^?.... D =@ HOK= _ `= H^.
`# i~" O_, ^+~`=Q ^ K`#O J~=O_ P H<^
K@K =K [#"=#k?
H =# KO^? =# [_"#^ H^! ^xK xK~OKO> JO^
=~H>^ LO_ LO_e. ^xH ÒÒ ZH_ L#k? ^.
H|\ ''^$H~=Q =# =K`#, ~= H q~} K`#
U~_K#k... J# ÔfHiO|_K#k. XH_ n HOuH Z^~Q
xK<_#H.. HOu ~}=# `< J_Q LO_@K 'h_ J##k U~_Òk
H^! ~= H q~}= K`< ^$= h`" OKK#k.
JO^K` - ''<# "f`_# J# Q=# HeyO_=.
z<` ~=Q ~=` JO`\ QOKKO_=. JC_... P ~=`
~" ~` L#k. P ~=` H H <O^ _ ~^ **
=#OQ "QK#k... Jx Q=. JC_ '=H ^~#= Ok.
Jk =H. J=H ^~#" |O^=.
=#"# z`= - D [QÒ` P` J~ LO_Q, WH Z=_ ZK@ ^xx
q_ KC? JO^K` `== qKiOK. JC_ 'z`="#... J#|_
~O_ _ "\ ~=` qb#"`~. "\ qb#" '~=^= J~
L#k. H#H, u\, J^x =<O~= _ =~H"# 'J= #O_
U~_K<x QOK.
"#` _# z`" D [Q`#O^ u HeyO_, OK~O KOk.
^, "<Q=Q z`=#O^ =`" D [Q` J#|_#k LO_LO\Ok. J\
z`= =`" |^=QK#k. z`= "<~`=~#C_ 'W`_ r=#_
Jx JO@<O.
z`" O_Q_h=<# "^# ~ [Q` ^~~Q u Ok=Ok.
XH _ pH\ U^ PH~= Kz... ''Wk ^= H^ H^? J=#..

u\ KK"_ K_|_#k KK@
^+ ^$= ^~#=
168
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
J#=#O ^... Wk ^"! Jx =# O^@O =O\^ D [Q`# O^@
_! ''F~, _, Jk Ô H^. D ~A LÔ h= P_O@#C_
Kz# O= =`" Jk. WH "` KO^=# <=#k?... Jx J`x Ò_
kOz#C_ P x O^ `== qOzÒk H^! ^~=Q
~`*#, ''a_~! D [Q`, WOê O@#, ^~= W=h "=O
H=. `~Q q=# |OkOQeQk WH_ Uq L#k? Un ^ Jx
H\ <~. J<H ^$O`= OK k<~. JC_ r= HO^~
^, P` qx, =##= K, sHOz `"q\ J=QÒ KO@<~. D
[Q`# ^~~` ^$+` K<~. J#Q, `= z`=# = #O K<~.
+Oz# ^=^=Q PÒ^ x" LO@<~.
''^= " H@ <O..... ''c= ^$_ <= -
^`==Q i}qOz# D z`=# WC_ WH_ i J~# zH`
Ke. c=^$_= ^xx P`H~=Q i}qO*e. P h=
x_", Z\ qH~= O^H, K= =KK# ^xx xOQ|k`,
H~ $à=#~`_" K LO_. xi_" ''WK@ Hx# ^= `=
H^... D ^$= _ `= H^... ~^ ~` ~= #O^ ~O^
P`=`" `= Jx qOz xtO`_=Q=. XHC_ < Ò_ |^=_ D
L<= QiOz KiH K<~. JÔ` WC_ h =O^ LOK#.
''q~O` c=^$_ <" J#iOKO_ Jx t+_=Q x#
xqÒQ Kx... J=$`#O^" "= ~=Q Q ~[#... uk
<#. F [#~! q~O` =|k=O` H"e =! ~` JOH
|k Hey =iOK@K ''^$_ J< S~O aOKQ^. D O~O Y ^MK
i~", J<H [#-H~# xiOz r=xH kOk. uq^"# `=
J#qO*Ok.
Wk =OQ qz#O H"O> '<# P` ~_# J# Jqz#=Q
=~=# XH> LO.

F u H~}O G 169
V. ^="H\M#O :
q+ qK~}
(=#)
1. =# L=#=
N =+ =i: F ~=KO^! D =## Q=x<"? Wk JÒ` LÒQ
L~H " q+="H ~Q fK#k. D O~= r=x @
q[$OaOK\xH H~}O =# =! e`"q\? D r=_ = ^Y=#,
P^# x~O`~O O^K<_.
WO^ LO =<xQ" J~=#k. WC_ *#= H ~=#
XH "HO K`#... Wk qx ^~}# P~OK^= QH!
''QK =`H|OÎ ``Q "H LK`
q+Q=O^ WK U~_ LO_@ |O^=. J\ WK# i`lOK@
"H=.
J<H ~=K x U=#k? D XH q+O PKiOK, K. Jk U=O>...
''D OK=# U == u=O`=Q `KK LO@O^, J\ q+=# H
==# q+==, Jy = K_@O.
=~ =~ qK~} K '' D q+ Q= =^=#H, J#Q, ^Y=
J# JOu= [#=#H î f~ J< q+O è~Q^. JO^K`
=O^Q< J\ x=# HeyO_=. Q"# `lOz"~. Q"<
`Q~HOQ q+= q, JC_ Jq Y^= J=`~.
= fQq` #O_ = fQ^ @K#k H^! "<Q=Q |k #O_
'~Q= "^# J<H ^+= L`#O J=`<~.
Z=i |k J~` J\ "<*O` `QHO_, ~Q, ^+ ~ÒQ,
JKOKOQ LO@#^, J\ |k =`" ~=Oux O^Òk. Ou "^#
Q}=x`=, ^Y L^H ~`=, ^= JQ |k *#= ",
=k" xOKK#k. eÒQ '"H= J< =# L`#O KOk.

170
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
F ~=! D ~= '== #O^ L^~OK@O [~QÒk =! H#H
L`= =<#O^#O K`< =# O`` O^K#k. L`= == L#
K@ 'J*#O J< ^@"# "= H=OQ #tOKQ^. [#= HH KO^x
= =$k KO^Q^. q"H= ~`[== HtOKQ^. J\"_ P`==#
O^`_. P` =K $^= #O^ ^~=, O``, ~=#O^= =$k
O^K<~. P r=_ H$`~_QK<_.
W\ =~O JÒ` # HQ*QeQk ÒQ`=. q"H= =$k
JQKO_Q UHQ` J#^x #O_ 'z^#O^= J< +~= =
LO@Ok. P`# QiOz# J=Q# ^$__KO_Q, WH J\ "x =# x~OÔ,
x=O, L^=~Ò JQK#k. H=OQ `# K`=# `lOk. H
" =i`= J=Òk. O~`=QK#k.
WK ^+~`= - F ~"! ''<# q+#, "z`=# îOKe...
Oê... J# WK# D =# ZC_ Hey LO\Ok. ''<# U^ Oê...
J# "^Q=# h =# #O_ `yOz"~. JC_ D " H<*=O`
^#O`@ J^ `yÒk. D =# xi=, P=i`=Q Ke. '=$u
J#^x @ "~`=, O~~`= J"@ Ke. =#H zO`#
''~`-" =#K H=H=OQ [~Oz"e. D =# H~`",
K" q+=@ P# =ê#^ HtOK#QH!
ZC_` D '=# J##k q^# =<~^=`, `$+`, O`
xO_ LO_@O [~QÒ^, WH P r=x ''<# D ^=# O|OkOz#"_#
J# ~=# LO_ ''^== J< ^= @O@Ok.
D =# #O_ `=# ~^QeQ"... WH Jk D~ ~=
JQK#k. JC_ ''`Q``= J#|_ r=#Hx kOz@Q^. JO^K`
D =## =~= xQ= #O^ xqOK. JC_k `# U =~=
^Yi`", U =~= J#~}", Uk '~#O^=# kOKQ^
QOk. H=OQ ''^^=, ~= "^Q qH=# `lOK
K#k. JO> P `~"` He`"#\ `# ~x _ `$}OQ `lOz"Ok.
D =# #tOKk Z\? J, =<<#=-J#Q Uq?
=#-^ < =<<=^ I
V =<<=u =<-V# q=~f II (~ 35, 18)
=# q+Ô^ =iOKO_ L#^, q<#= O^K#>. =<
F u H~}O G 171
<#" (=# H ^$ q+ ~`") P`= H L^= =!

|*x H =# H=OQ, iQ q<#= O^K#k. (H, ^$
q+=x\h P`K=`~OQ îOk).
J*x H =#, ~^ =$k KO^Òk. <<! ~=! D
[QKH=O` =<=`" J~=#k. D ~`= PHO ^=`
`= q` WÔ` =# J~=#k.
qH=K ^$+-J=Q# =e#= HQ, JC_ P z^= Oq#
~=# O|OkOz# q~}" =#.
D r=x O~=H <\ "K#\ =# "#. "<=O K`
=#H q+= "t<~. JC_ P =O z^= iz#=
= `KK#k. ==~Q` O~= qH=K =e#= O^K#k.
J\ ^+=` _# =# O^K# |" D r=_. D r=_ q+=
O^ _, "\x z~H= JOK@K Ja=#= O^K<_. J[`=
(H) ~q~}# O^K<_. qH=K "`_, ~`=Q P`
Y=# Q@Hx x~`_QK<_. JC_`x q+# O^#
~"#\ =uiH zO`# =# ~=# H# QqOK|_K<~.
P` H ~"q\? - ^=Q P` r= ~= H^. D s~ ~=
_ H^. ~H=Ok ~= H< H^.
D s~^h iz#=, [_= L<~ H^! P` ~^ PH= =
xi", Jx~Kh" LO\Ok. J~\ ^# KkOz# JH_ ^= QH WOHq
LO\~? D ^=# qzu K#C_ _ WO^ '~H==O=qH
`` "~ Uq aOK=. J\Q, ""xH... D uH ^= 'r=_ H^.
=# r=_...! -
=< r" #~O qk `^"H~=Q`" I
P`<`#=^` #qH`He`" II ( 25, ~ 35)
=# PH~O O^Òk. J^ qH=xO\h O^Òk. J^
=~HC_ =~ `# H P`# `< QOk. P`~} [H~O x~iOk.

@~Q `# *=# `< xiOKO@ LO@Ok KK"?

"<=O K` D r=_ `# qH=K |O^= H~H *=# xiOK
172
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
O@<_. ===Q D =# XH ^=# `lOz# `~"` =~ "~#
^H=O^ "~# ^=# îOKK#k. =# UU "# Hey
LO@O^... "\x J#iOK, `^#~OQ< s~= L`#=QK<~.
XH_ xî<_#H... J`_ `# z`= U"q Hey LO\_ ^xx J#iOK
=# O^@O [~QÒk H^! U q`<\`, J\ K> =Ok. =O^=O^
=K ^= _ J> <~. D =~=# s~= _ J\^.
L`= "# Q z`= L`~`~ =`~~=< O^=K#k. hK
"# Q z`= =O^ =O^ hK [# H J#==# O^=K#k.
JO^K` r=_ Z\HC_ `# OH#, P# i^~KO@
LO_e. `# =# H ^+=q\ Q=xOKO@ LO_e. s~= H
P~QO ZO`Q J=~", JO`H< Z=Q =O^Q D =# iJ~# zH`
KH"e. J! $+ "tOz# J<H=Ok r= `= =#H~H zH`#
P~OK@^. Q ^H PO W<~!
Ju q+=#\ ^#OWOk#", ~ u+ "^#
H iq` ==~=H =YO W<~. P` *# q+O
J*Q~ LO@<~.
''<# ^xH O|OkOz#"_#? ^xH O|OkOKx "_#? Uk J~ L<#?
Uk HH L<#?... Jx "~ k=~ K~O? K= QiOz "# Q
"_ ~u O K=# K_ H^! ^"<H=Q D z`=
hK`=< O^K#k. XH ~=~Ox Ju H+=Q [O ^~#
LO_O_ LO\? Ju x~=Q [O J~z LO@O^? =# qHe =e#
"`... Jk K # "\ [< ^+iÒQ#, ^YH~OQ# LO\~.
=# <+~=K, "<~`=K, =Q=Q =~=#K x~OQ
L#^#H... JC_ ^x H~=, [#= H~OQ< LO\~.
N~=_: Ò_! D r=_ ^+=# QOz _ ~ O~ |OK` "#,
^M^ |=`~=Q O^@O [~QÒk. =~@=O@C_ J`x Qu Uq\?
q~ K# B#`= sHiOKH=@O Z\?
N =+ =i: KO^_ H~< ''<# =~ ~_# HQ# J< P `lOK_
H^! x~ z`_#"_ î^= "^#"\K _O|_K#\H Ou, =#
=^#~H=Q L`=Qux q_z@_.
|O^"=iH? =H Z=iH?
F u H~}O G 173
^~xH WH_ |O^=Qx, "H=Qx, =. |O^, J|O^=H

== ^. WO^*O [~QÒk KK"? J\Q = q^~=#
L^~Oz, ~OKK#k.
~ = |` q` ~=~`
i~u x~ O~-=# ( 37, ~ 35)
''JO` |=... J##^ ~=~ `=. WH D [QÒ\", Wk
x~=, J#= J~ iOk.
''<# JO`= (H) <#= H"_#, J_# J< ^+==K HQ
K# qH=# D r=_ `lOKe. J\ `= `y"O> P` qOK
|_e. ''<# J#O`_#. `_#, JYO__#, ~H# <".. JO` Hh Jq
<# H^ J# ~=Q x=K `= `#O`@`< #tOKK#k.
F~! r=_! ~"H=, x~=, P` ~= J~ L# h= ''<# ^
=`_# Jx J#H#@K`< Jx ^Y= =z _K<~. D OK=O`
qHHe`= =`" =! h ~=# h" `= PkOK@K, J\
=# ~q^ |O^=Q i}qOKK#^x QOK.
""xH ''h=<#[Q`... "^#Ô` _ |O^ "H ~`=, ^ `
J^ ` =i`= JQ |` J~=#k. Wk U=Ò OÔ J=~O x
~=~`=. J~` D r=_ P ~=~`=# îOK@^. HO^~ n~,
x~$^ =Ò D ^$ ~O` _# `= H =<|k JOH~#
iÔ KO@<~. P `=K PH~`, J=#
JQK<~. J\"~ D JkH~^=`< |=# îOKQQ K<~.
`\ Q_ U ~OQ<< [OQ, KHQ HiOKQQÒk H^!
=`=, =k JOKK~Q, JC_ '^~=$k J< x~[O
iO HqOK|_# =# |O|O^=Q ^$+x JujOQ QOKK#k.
P`# qOKK |kx JkQqOKe - ''JO` P` J~=#k... J#
~`H=Q =#K ''Wk `lOKe... Jk QOKe... J# @^` _#
|k qOk. P h= D |O^ "H= ^$+ _ iQ i`lOK=K. J\
u XH K"# \ H= uaOaOK ^$=Q, hO^ D [Q`
u=ÒQ (Merely like a refraction) J#==` LO@Ok. G=}^K,
"~Q~H=Q J=K ^"#~|_# |kQ"_ D s~=#, s~=`
174
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
U~_K# O|O^ O^==#, D [Q`# P qÔQ u=ÒQ
îOKQQ<_.
K=`~O Uq@O>... D =# ^~=` `^`= Ok UH~=
O^K#C_ J\ =O P`` ~= (Oneness) O^HÒk.
N~=_: q~ KC#k "=". =i "= Z\H< P`` UH~`=
O^Q=O\~? "= D OiH ^$+# =keOK<k Z\ KO_?
\ HO ^$O=, D ^$=# ~O`~ÒQ OîOKk Z\?
N =+ =i: <<! ~=! P^` HÒ x~ x $ #O ^.
''J`^$+x <# `|OK `H [~OKQ#... J# P`qO Hey
LO_e. D =# O`~ ^$+xO\h [~Oz, PÒ^ b#"#^... WH
~` $+=Q |^=# Ok#> =! J@ Ok#"~ J< L<~.
HOKO q"H=` Ò K LO> Jk u XHiH `H ^".

2. =# H ~ q+}=
N =+ =i: `HOQ Hx# D ^$=O` q^ J~=#k. J\ ^$
===@" =# H ~O. JO`Qx, =# "~Q ~=O@ Un ^.
`~ G=# J#iOz... U^< "@"^@ z@z=~ 'J` J~
LO@O^#H... Jk =^_ J`. D Ô`= ##iOz =# XHC_
LO_, =~HC_ O_ =K#k. H#H, =# J^" J~=#k.
=## JÔQ Z~Qx"xH `#O^ ^Y=h LO\~ =!
=# XHC_ LO_@O, =~HC_ H=@O.... J#^x ^$OÒ! x^
=O, ~"` $+ "Hu D r=_ =<~`=# O^K<_ H^!
H#H =# XHC_ LO_, =~HC_ LO_x^ JQK#k.
JÔ - `Q J"=", = L#C_ OK^^` L#^, Jk
''J^= J# |=K K|_Òk.

''D [QÒ` P`~" J< Z~H (H) =# HeyO_H` D

^$= ^Y^" J=Òk.
''JO` P`... J# *#=K Q "H= ~O_ O^|_Q=.
F u H~}O G 175
''[= "~... D `~OQ= "~ J##\ "#` _# |k` J*#=

''[`~OQ= ~O_ _ XH>... J##\ UH`|k *#=. XH h\ @
h~ "~"~ Z\ J=`~? h~...h\ @, h\@...h\ LO_
L<~.
N ~=_: =i D = (`lOK=#k) Uq\? L^=
(HiOK=#k) Uq\? D <<`=O` Z\ U~_K#k.
N ==i: Q`"# J=Q# ^$+^+=K # D <<`=O`
`Q J^". J#Q =Q ^. Hx L#@ H#|_K#k. [##=~}
~=# Q ^Y=O` =## J#iOK <~. D L^=
JqOK|_<#H... JC_ +OK#k Uq\?.... J#O`~=Q P`.
'=# J#|_#k OH=K HeOK|_#k =`". H|\ J`QH
=iOHq? 'J` J~# == #tOK@K Z=iH Uq #+O KC? O
H#|_K# k=Ok =~} Z=~ ^xx H=K<~?
h WC_ iKO J~# XH_ L<_#H... J`_ x#, h= J`xx
L^#OQ, ~Q^+~ÒQ KKO@ LO\~ H^! J\Q ^~ ~O Ziy#
"_ D OKuH ^=# J\ Ô` HeOK|_K# O|O^ O^==#
JÒ` L^#OQ K LO\_. WH Jk Z~Qx"_ Z^~Q L#^xx `=
Q#, x`= Q#, "#^x Q#... "^# P H#` K, `^Ò
KO^K<_.
^+ ^$=
^+Qx, ^$=Qx #\
'^$H ~=
N~=_: q! < H ( D r=x H) "=~O J=Q`=Q@
^$O`~H"# q+= KO_.
N =+ =i:
`^<k t=O *#O #Ô ^+$^$
`#` =# #O O~H ÎI (~ 35, 55)
''^$+...^$= =^Q '^$H ~" h ~= J~=#k... Jx
QOK. P ^$H~= J<k, J#O`=Q t=~=. Jk x~u#O^
176
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
H~=Q P`H *# ~O _. "= q ô _ qOz#@,
`j_ JQK# "x H =# Jk#=Q PÒ^ qOKK#k.
=# qOK@K s~ _ OuOKK<~. JC_ Jq^=~}O
(H) O~O J< =OK i^. "# qOKQ< ~=#O^ =#
H xH_ Ok.
J*#" $^=#O^ '= J< =Hex \Ok. J*#= `y`
`$+ _ `QK#k. ~QO "^#=h #yK<~. WOk=# "#H
=~Òk. "O `lOK|_Q h= *[=#_" "Q` LO\=. JC_,
^=# O|OkOz# ^== T_ LO_^. OH= LO_=. h
O^ h 'P`~= J# PH= `H=Q iOKQ^. ''J\ =^
O#_=Q h H K H=# =iOK@ "H= K=.
`$+ `lOz#\"x $^= q"", q"HH", =i`", `"Q}
~*Q} ~`" aOk. z`= ~q=`= O^Òk. ''P`*#= J#
=# Ok#\ P q"H `# OK~=< D $kx qÒ K<_. JOH~
~`=Q J\ "xH D |O_=O` P`HHOQ#, K j` K
ÒQ# H#|_Òk. H#H h H |k qi@H~, =<x~`= H~
''H~ x~iOK@ J# [=# x~iOK.
F ~=! =e#=, KOK= J~# 'JOH~=# $^= #O_ ~
ê"~. =~H}O Jiz#_, ~"_, ~_, "<~`_, O`
z`_ JQ P P`^=_ h $^=# =Q " q~l`_.
'`` qK~}K 'P` J# *u OKQ, =^+= `y`~. J\
P` ~_Q r=_ D [##=~}=, SH ~HH ` L^Q~`_
LO@<_. J`_ ^#Q~O ``~`_ qOQ qi<_.

3. 'z` Pk`_ ~ ==
N~=_: =`! q=# Jf`"#\ P z^Ò^ D OK=O` Z@
ux Ok#k? < *<a=$k H~H, D q+=, ''*# J=Q#
Uq\ q^~KO_.
N =+ =i: O`=Q L# =^[O<, `~"`, `~"`.... L`#O
H `~OQ, "\"\ PH~^ J^~HOQ L<~ H^! J^ qÔQ
D $+ _ W\ $+H ~= z^Ò^ LO_ L#k.
F u H~}O G 177
PH= JO`\ "Oz L#\H, `# H 'H;`= H~}OQ Jk

HO\H H#|_H LO\Ok. Ju H;=Q P` _ '~" J~#\H
=# JQK~OQ LO\Ok.
x~#+"# XH Ô XH \Ht L#^#H... P tO^ Z^~Q
^~OQ L#\ ^$= uaOaOk... JO^ uaOaOKÔ` `Qx J`
Qx (L#k H xk) HO_< Jx~Kh"#k H^! P \ HO ^$O
Q< PÒ^ D $+ L#k.
PH=#O^ P "=# K_... "= L#^H_? PH=#O^
H^! J@ "= PH" P^~`"#\H, PH= "=K $tOK
|_Ò^? ^. P ~K`#O `#O^# D $+x\H P^~`" LO\Ok.
Hx D $+K Jk U=Ò $tOK|_@^.
KO^_, #H` "^#q `\H[O uaO|~OQ JQO\~
H^! D s~=#O^ L#\ P` uaO|~=# D suQ =H=QK LO@Ok.
z^` ~O[, OH= O|OkOz#k. <~`"#k. ''rqOK@,
q+ "^# O[h z^Ò^ HeOK|_K<~. "^, Lx+`,
"Â D P` QiOz K@C_ Jk PH=HO> JÒ` K"#k..
x+OH"#k... H`=, H~`= _... Jx KCK<~. J~<
_, "~ P`# [Q` Ja#"#^xQ =iOK@O [~QÒk.

=Ô `~OQ# K_. "~ "~ `~OQ "~"~Q QKi LO\~.

Hx J=h [" H^! [= HO> JkHOQ `~OQ= WOH=#k? 'K`#=
J< ==Ô 'hk, <k J# ~=# J<H`= iOK=K QH! J~#
\H K`#=# a#OQ D OK=# Un HtOK@^. Un ^ _...!
D K`#= U^< q+=# J#qOKK#C_, Jk ""xH `# O^, `#
~=< J@ J#qOK@ [~QK#k.
K`#= ~^ P` ~=# "~ J# Ja=# Hey LO@<~.
*# ^$+H... q^ ==Q OK= ^+H H# J~
=#k. ''H# J##k P H#K"x K=`~ ==~" J~#@, D[Q`
P` Ja#", P`H K=`~ ==~" "K#k.
178
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
K`#= ~^ H= H~"#k.
K`#= "#~" ~, KO^# HtO*Ok. =OQ< D
r= [# =~}k H~ H~}" XCK#k.
Wk ZC_ #tOK^. L`#==^.
=^. ~^. =K@ ^. =@^.
^xH 'D #=, P #= J##k LO_^.
- Jk ~` "Oz, UH~" #k.

x`x~=Q K`#= (H P`, H |=) ~^ `# ~=#<

==`"#k...! L^~} r=_ Z\ "^# O^K#\H `##
`# `l<_? ^ H^! D K`#= `# `~= ^$ =~ K~
H LO\Ok. Hx, XH_ `_#O^ =# K#@ D OK~=#
q=~Q= =Ò O^K#k. Jy '`[ ~=# [O '"O ~=#
iOk KK"? J>, K`#= $+ q~=# iOk.
z^` '$+ ~K# J# ==` _Hx#^ LO\Ok. J^ =O,
~" _ J~ LO\Ok. ^+ '=# ~zOK@ J# K=`~=#
HeyO_, O ''~" J~ L<_ H^! Wk_ J>!
^~xH z^` H="... Hx ==~^$ JH=OQ
`KK#k. Jk x` x~=, O~`= J~#\H.. ^$= `~_
H~ H~}= ^$ O`= JQK#k. Jq^H~}O K` Jq^ O^
H$u= ~=Q uaOaOKK#k. J@ uaOaOKK#C_ `# H J#O`
~=# U=~KK#k. JO` =`" Qx, Jk `# J#O``=# U =Ò
H=@ ^. 'JO== J# `=# =##~=Q iQOz,
H=OQ 'r=`x O^K#k. ^~= @ J<H`= ^$__Q D OK
H# =O` J#qOKK#k. 'Wk H^, Wk ^, Wk H=#, Wk `Q=#,
Wk W@ LO_=#, Jk J\ ZOÔ_e.... J##\ W+, Jx+=#, H~
u~~=# O^K#k. nx< '^`== Jx JO@<O. D z^` J<H#
q`H~, x+^H~ J<H s~H =#H H "^#"\ ^~ D OK
=O`\ h `# H 'Q==Q O^K#k. Hx, z^` Un X#~@ ^.
P! K`#= H == KK"? Jk `#O^ =Q '[Q`
J# JO~~=Q L#ux O^K _, ~u `lOKH LO\Ok.
F u H~}O G 179
Jk D ~=O`=# ^~= U~_ LO_\xH gQ ~~`=,

J=i=O`= JQ PH= H H## JOwHiOk.
Jk 'WK =# O^H` D '[Q` J#|_^ =$k Ok LO_k H^.
[Q` J< JO~=# K`#" `#H H=K, O^#K Oz i+OK
K#k. K`#" "=~=Q Q F ~=! K`#" ~^ ~=#
H~}=x QOK.

D '[Q` J#^xx $n^~O K`#, Jy^~O K`#, "^~O K`#, [

^~O K`# i+OKK#k K`# ~=Q z^`. ''H= H H#,
~H~}``=, ^#= Lù... W=h _ K`#= H =". J^
'QOÔ Q#, =\ ~~OQ#, =$HO Ò Q# =iOk.
D [Q` ~== ~=# K`#= H\ `=QK#k.
=O`HO +=Oê _, w+H=#Oê ~`*q==,
=~HO h" ^~#=, ~^$`= nH~}=, =OÒ =OK,
tt~ |`= j`"=... JO` _ K`#= H q== =!
F ~=KO^! HO ZC_< ''k#OO=`~OQO J# ~=# Q
`# H xux `lO^? ^ H^! #^ `~OQ= ~=# [O
x~O`~O =< L#k H^! J^ qÔQ $+ ==h Q=#j= Hey
LO@<~. D ''|O_= Pq~=O u~=O J< xu W> =iOKK#k.
J#O` OY r=~ =z, LO_, =K# D $kq W> xux J#iOz
'= =~ u Hey LO\Ok. ^<Q =#=O^ ^<Q r=
*`, J<H=# PK~ qK~=, qq^ "+ + LO@<~... =+ r=
^$ J#H}O Lù q= U~_K< L<~.
WÔ` K`#= H q". J~` `` *xH D [## =~}
"=O` xkQ< H#=KK#k.

WH_ n#Q J<H=Ok [# ~[# O|OkOz# OH "<^
K qq^=# =<~^=# K@K<~. JO`Qx, "~ ~=#
qKiOK@^. ~= @ ^@=Q U~_# J*#=OK` "=` _
U~_# 'L#`` H"~ D H=# [x<~, =~}<~. =~ ~
H= "K<~. WO` '=~= "^# =x^~==Q `#
180
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
O^K<~. Q= @ Q Ja+ H~}OQ SH ~HH=# =`
_# J<H ^~ J^~=# Hi<~. U"" ~~= "ix $t<~
`<~. D [## =~} ^~ JqOÒQ O~O iq<~.

4. q=H
N =+ =i: F ~=! D qÔQ ~H$uQ Hx# D |O_
==h |=#O^ =~ =~ L^qOz, ~<~. ~~ H~}
== (XH^xH =~H\ H~}O J~#@ == O^@) Hey LO@# D
[Q`h `= Jk#"#\ K`#=#O^ H\ `=QK<~. ~=# H
=OK ~OKK<~.
`# `\HO J_Q# =# [= H K#= =#
H#|_^ H^! ''`J` ~=# K`#" Jx", JO`\ HtOK
K#\H, Jk =H= HO_< LO\Ok. 'ZO_"_q H~}OQ =$Q`$+
U~_Òk. JO^ [= L#@ ^=` L# =$Q= `KK LO\Ok.
J> z^Ò^ D $+h QKi<~. z`~= J~#\ z^`
'WK= =OK` `## `# J#qÔQ#, Jz`Q# QOKK#k.
[Q` L#^? ^? - D [Q` ` H^. J` _ H^. Wk K`#= #O^
u HeyO_^. K`#=# "~Q D [Q` ^. XH ^$O`= K`#.
|OQ~ P~}= L#k... JO^ P~}= |OQ~= HO> "~Q L#^?
P~}=O` xO_#k |OQ~" H^! =i ''Wk Q Wk LOQ~= J#
"~ "~ PH~=, <=~= =@ Uq\? LOQ~= Q XH><?
"~"~? 1.''~O_O\# L#k |OQ~" H#H ~O_ XH> 2. ''"~ "~
<==, LQ= L<~ H#H ~O_ "~"~... J# ~O_ Ja=
"~ "~ ^$+K JOwH~" J=`~. |OQ~=#O^ P~}= J##k a#,
Ja#=Q LO@#>, |=#O^ '<#, h= "^# ==~=O` =
^$+H îÒ J=Òk. JO^K` D [Q`~=O` Jx~Kh" XCK#k.
^xK h= |~~~QO^=# Z~QK<" J\ P` ~`
"Oz#k.
~", x~= JQ PÒ^ UH`"q\? J<H`"q\? ~O_ =.
L#@ LO>, 'Jk Jq^K`< Jx QOK|_QH! ^~xH P ~=Ò^
F u H~}O G 181
'=~H H# JO@ Un ^. WH D ^~= @ U~_K# "==,

= q+"q@O\"?... W=h "<=OK`< HeOK|_K<~.
`` ^$+K ~= P`. H#H PÒ^ JO` HeOK|_Òk. J\
H# [Q^#=OQ P`K O^|_Òk.
P` J#"#^k? - F ~[#~! P`HO> "~Q ZH_<, ZC_< U^<
^~= LO>, ^xO^ H~ LO_@O [" J=Òk. `# J#=Q U
^~O OqOK@H g#C_ P`^xx WKyOk? ^xx ^+Ok? P`
WK ^+= H$u==, J*`He`= =`" Qx, [O =Ò H^. ~O
'`< J~ LO_Q Jk ^xx iOk? ^xx qiOk? ^xx xiOk? ^xx
`lOk? U q+` O H~ =$`=Òk? H#H ''D $+ "^#Ô` P`
O^ Jq^K`< HeOK|_K#k Jx QOKO_. ''W+=, Jx+=... "^#
qH=h P`# $tOK=. 'WK H J"qH` QOK|_Q, H~H
H~= UH`= OqOKK#k. JC_ ''P` Uq K#k H^... Jx
QOK|_K#k.
P` ^xH P^~= H^. Jk ^x< P^~_ LO_^. H#H ''^xH P^~O
Qx P^= Qx = Jx H\ OK|_K#k. ^xH P=O@ Un ^.
kf H# PÒ^ JO=O H#H, Jk ^xH PO _ H^. WK
~`=Q PÒ^ H~Ò (A sense of being a DOER) Qx, <+~Ò (A sense of
being a NON-DOER) Qx =. P` a#=Q = X#Q~ H# =~H\
^. J\ H## K# WOH=~ =~H~ ~. H#H h= = O` [~=

#O_ q=_= H=. q=_", P Uk Z@ K=< W\ =<
^`^=Q x~i LO_. Ô^f`_" H~ $`=x JH~ $`=# îOK.
F ~=KO^! ''Wk <# KK<# J# H~ $à=#=K h=
O^#^q\ KC? D ^$=O` uH ^~== HO_ =iOHn ZH_
^ H^! H|\ H~ $à=#=O` `lOz xtO`_" LO_=K =!
~=Q "=`` # JH~ $`" [=QK#k.Hx H~ $à=#O H^.
JO^K`, ~=# 'JH~= JQ=. "=K KeO|_x =ÔQ,
"~`=Q PHOQ, H_xO_Q P~O ux ~=~ [O `y uiy=#
OOQ _=, x~_=, QOc~=_Q, =#j_= J~=O_=.
$^=# ^~~Ò K~. ''Wk <# K<...? Wk KH<...? J#
`h P``= #O^ ~O* "=.
182
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
P` J~=# h=... P` =_".. P` xH_ HeyO_@
H+"=#k?
N~=_: =s! U ^#=K Jiz#=Q Y=, ~H=`= k~?
N =+ =i: JO^ ^#O, =~O, H O _ ''PÒ^ ~_=Q@...
J~ L#k. J\ ~=#Oê ''~=x Y... WH J<H
`=K` Qx, J<H H= iqOK@K` Qx D r=# aOKk
H^. JO^ =~O W\HC_ ~= QiOz qK~} K@".
H#H h ~=# |k` qKiOK=. ^~=" ~Q
f h ^$+x x~kOz, P`" =oOK. ''JO` P` H^! J#
iQ}= HeyO_=.
^~xH h= ~OK q`_=. ~=~^$+K ~^ ~_" J~
L<=. Y~=Q z^`" h=. JO` Qx `K=Q D s~=<|^ h=
H=.
F ~[#~! qx u XHiH "= ~= J\^ =!

5. J<H|k
N~=_: =`! *# _ H~ $`=, HiOK=#q, `lOK
=#q "^#q LO\O\~?
N =+ =i: U^ XH H~ x~iOKx"~O@ ZH_< LO\~? LO_~. *#
HH"# H~ K=K H KO_=K. Uk U"< ''Wk <# K<#...
H... Wk <# `lOKK<#.... K@^ J# H~ $à=#O U =Ò
LO_^. "i HO^~ YQ=# O^= LO_=K..., H ^#
`=Q P H~O^ xq` LO_=K..., ^, =k H "~ "~
qHx XH^x O^ LO_ LO_=K. Uk U"< ''nxH <# H~#... Wk
< O|OkOz#k... J# L^QO U=Ò "iO^ LO_^. ==~s`
=iOz#\H "~ H\ OK H~ $`= ==~ #=# O|OkOz#^
Qx, Ja=#=# O|OkOz#k H^. Hx J*# ==~O =Ò JO^
"~Q LO@Ok.
N~=_: *# H~ $`" LO_^x JO@<O H^. Hh "~ _ `k`~=<
H~ x~i< LO\~ H^?
F u H~}O G 183
N =+ =i: *# QKiOK JH~ $`= QiOz J*# LO@#

H~|O^= QiOz Hx q è*#. q#.
U H J~` D r=x JO`H~}O ''<# KK<#... nx H~ (H) H~
< O|OkOz#" J# =<=$u 'x=` _#^ r=xO^ LO@O^,
J\ H~ =`" J`_ H~ $`= Ok LO@<_. J#Q ''<# nxH H~}=Q
K<#... J# ~=Q L^|k LO>< H~ L#@. nx< '"# Jx _
JO@<O.
D =#A_ "## J#iOK P H# X#~K<_. H#
J#iOK 'Q#=O O==QK#k.
H W+= H

"#
Q=
J~+=
H# J#iOK JO^ WK `_QKO_Q H $`= (<# D

H~=# J#qOK^# QH... J# =#) U~_K#k.
"## J#iOK =#A_ H# X#~K<_.
"# =O - XH_ D WOk=K H~ K=K...
KH=K. J`_ Z\ "# Hey LO\_... J\ "## J#iOK J`x
=# ~#~H=O^ Y ^Y=# J#qOK@O [~QÒk.
XH_ H~ K<, KH~<... J`_ 'PH Hey LO> =Ò J`xH
H~ $`= HQK< LO@Ok.
``*xH...? - ``*xH "# LO_@^. H#H H~@ PH
LO_@^. PH xK@ H~ $`= _ LO_^.
PH, "#, H~ $`=, D =_ Jq<= O|OÔ Hey LO@<~.
``*x H~ K#\H... #O^#O K_. PHx $Ô
"tOhO_, H=O s~K=ÒQ P H~ QqOKK<_. U"<
= #C_ ''Wq < YH~=... H ^YH~=... J#
184
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
H## J`_ P~OK@^. 'JO` P` H^.... J# Z~H# J`_ Hey
LO@<_. H~ PKi _ J`_ "\O^ x=Qz`_ JQ@^.
=<`~u... `` $Ò=u, # H~u...
`#H$Ò=u J` =#=H~ $... # ^ II
F ~=KO^! =~ KCK<#. D [Q` Z=_< =#` K#k
=`" 'K|_#k JQK#k. =#` K|_xk... ''K|_xk Q<
LO\Ok.
H|\ =# ~H~ H 'H~. JO`Qx, D ^= ^xH H~ H^.
z`^"O O~ PQ`t`= U= I
z`=Ò z` U= ` Wf q*`" II (~ 38, 8)
D OK=O` =##O^ Pq~qOk. =<=O, =<=Ò D
OK=O`. =##O^ u Hey LO\Ok. H#H D H#|_Ô` hH z`"
Hx =iOHq H^. D q+O =#O WO`=O^ x~iOK<O H^!

~q+=, ~q+ =$` qOK#H... H, ~=$`

^#` ('` O|OkOz# =#`) xO_<#H... JC_ J#=
=QK LO_k Uk? ~q^ =$` #`"# r=K`#" H^! 'ZO_
f=OQ L#C_ =$Q`$+ H = U~_Òk. " =z, =iOK#H...
WH =$Q`$ ["H_? P [= @ PH Uq LO@Ok?
P` *#= Ok# =# ~=Ou< O^Òk.
N~=_: J\ "i =# H ~O Uq\?
N =+ =i: KO_ ~`[ =OKQ_ Hiy=KO_Q, P =OKQ_
H ^$H~O U=Òk? iOKÒk H^! =# _ '`su
H K |~" JQK#k.
=~x =# - =~=Q ^#` |~^ "tOz, JO^
W~O@Ok. =~_Q J*xH =# _ J` q+=O^
`QO\Ok. q+ Q=< J=HOKK#k Qx, ``~=Q P`#
QOK@< ^. *xH =#... "<==Q HO^ `Q#@^.
Uk =#K O^|_O^... Jk =`" O^|_#@ - XH_ =#` Ok#^
'O^|_#k JQK#k. =#K HiOK|_#C_, J`_ J^xx O^#>
F u H~}O G 185
JQK#k. s~=K Ok, =#K O^|_#C_ ''Jk P r=_ O^@

^... Jx ÔfHiOK|_K#k.
WO^ XH ^$O`= K`#, q#.
XH_ - XH Y^"# ' KHQ xîOKK<_. XH Qu _`
#@ = O^K<_. J`_ ''<# Qu _`<#... ## ~HOKO_
Jx HH "<_. =K=@ <~. ^= =}K<~. KK",
~=! J`_ YOQ ~ O`"# =^ uHOQ LO_ L#\H, J`x
=# =Ò c`=Q J#==# O^Òk. H#H, J`_ Qu
_K#"_ JQK<_.
=~Hx q+xH =Ô - J`_ ~=O`z`_. ''P`-" J# Z~H
Q"_. J<H `= B#`=K, *#q+" ^~= =^ qx#
q+= =OK` ~=Q 'Ou J# =ux Ok<_... XH~A
J`_ XH ^ QO@H *i_K<_. J~#\H ''<# JYO_=, s~^
Jf`= JQ P`< H^! < s~= ~HH "# ==~". H#H
<# U =~ K~ #\ x`k`=Q ~|=#... J# ^$_ =##
P~Oz L<_...
J`_ '<# ~_< J# =# O^K<_. JO^K` s~O H
`#O P`_ O^H L<_. KK"! J`_ =# `#O` UHÒ O^
O_@K` J`xH J#== H LO\Ok. nxx |\ =# è# ^q\?
"^\ "_ Qu _#\H, _K#@ J#"x =Ò O^K<_
H#H, H~ $`=, H$`= `z@Hx J#q<_. ~O_="_ _K#\H
JH~ JQK<_. D z`= U qÔQ LO>, ~+_ J\Q LO\_ =!

, J= ... Y ^Y= - F ~"! h= H~ K LO_=K...
H, KO_ LO_=K QH! h zÒ =Ò P H~ O, JO, H~ $Ò,
H $`= ~=# =QOHO_ KKH! ZO^K`# O\"? D [Q` P``` O
XH\ ` =iOH^~= `= H^. =i D z`= ZO^<< PHQ#=#
<=#k? `^~ aOK^=#k? D [Q`, nxO^ JO`~`" # ~
^~=... W=h _ ^ K`#= H 'J (illusion) =`" =!
*=Q P`# J#=~HOQ Z~Qx "xH ''Y^Y= J< =
LO\~. P`HO> "~Q P^~, P^= = =! ''< ~= D H~, H
186
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
"^# ~ ^~=HO> _ JÒ` H;"#k. PH== ~"H
"#k... Jx *x Z~QK<_. J\ x=# _eOKQey#^n D [Q` #O^
J`_ QOK@ ^. H=OQ 'D [QÒ` < ~" J< =## _
O^K<_. W\ x == ^$__Q ''~ `=# HtO
*#\ ~"=Q P` <# J# J#=O L`#=Òk. ''<# Y
^M #`_# Q#... J# ^Y~` u Ju [OQ J=OaOK
|_Òk. WH J`_ ~|H~# J#iOz b=ÒQ ~ ==~=O^
#K<_. =iOKK<_. "\K HQ `H` Un J`xO_^. `# P`
O^ D ~=#, D ~=#O^ `# P`< îOK"xH WH -J=
q? Y-^Y=q?
*x H =# - *xH =# P^ # =O _ D
OK=# =#O K L#k. =# HO> "~Q Y^Y= ZH_
L<~? "<~`=Q z`= HeyO_@K *x ~^ 'JH~Q< `## `#
îOKK<_. J#== J`x @ Jq`=Q< LO@<~. D H
K` HêH ==~=O` J`xO^ "tOKH, =#< LO\Ok.
~H~, ~K+, ~==, ~H=, ~Q` c[= D
=#. J\ =# J< c[O `lOK|_`, H~ _ =Q ~OKQ=.
=# P`*#=K qOy"|_#C_ =`" ^Y= `QQ=.
}= _ JC_ qO O^`~. ''P`HO> "~#Ô@ ZH_
^ Jx QOz# *x... D s~H"KH=#H H~K PHqOK
|_#\H... "\H `# =Ò =j`_ H_.
b q<Ô - XH _ XH K@ ~x LO_ `# =# #O^ XH Q
#Q~=#,P #Q~=x g^#, P g^x P@ == ^~#=# T
=ÒQ O^K LO\_. WO` J= qx JH_ #O_ P OH
=#Q~=# H}O `lOz"_. ''=<#Q~OQ O^|_#Ô` "=OQ
^ J# Z~HK`< H^, J`xO^ ^xx `lOK =O Z\ H ~_@
^! #Q~=, #Q~ q<#= _ J`_ T=ÒQ< O^K<_. J\Q
P` _ H~ K#\ H ~=~^$+ Uq KH LO\Ok. b
=ÒQ XH =O ^Y=# J#qOKK, =~HC_ ''W^n < ^YO
H*^... Jx Q=xOKK#k.
P` ^xx ^Y=x `# `< x~zOKO\O^... Jk ^YH~" JQK#k.
F u H~}O G 187
'W"g < ^YH~= H= Jx Jk qOKH#C_, (H

x~zOK#C_) ^xH ^Y= HQ*QeQk D [Q` Un ^.
J~` XH_ =G= îOKK#O` =ÒK` J`_ =G= JQK<_?
^Y= O^@ [iy##, P` ^Y ~=Q i}qOK@^ =!
- L^= (`lOK@O - HiOK@O) - ==~Q=Q
JQK# D Z^~Q LO_ ~^~= O^ ""xH `= Qx,
L^`= Qx = (Nothing is repulsive or attractive by itself). J\ K=`~=O`
K@ Kx LO@#k |k<.
`= - `lO=#k.
L^`= - HiO=#k.
''<# `lOKe J## == ''`Q ^YH~H= Jx J#\xH g
^. ZO^HO>, Jk XHC_ HiOK|_#^ H^!
U^< ~, HiOK@K`< ^Y= OqOk. HiOKx "xH P
q+=` O|O^" LO_^. WH ^Y"=O@Ok?
Z\H<~, L^~`= K`< (H 'QOK@ J##k x~kOK
|_@K`<) ^Y= [~OK"|_Òk. J~<, P`HO> "~Q Un #C_
HiOK|_k (L^=) =Ò ZO^ ^dO*e? H#H 'Jq*#
~H"# ^$+K`< ^M^ =z_K<~... JO`Qx L^=
(`[ Q=) =Q ^YH~= H=... Jx QOK.

P` JH~, JH J~ L#^x =#O J#<O. Jq^ H~}OQ< J^x
O^ H~ $` H $`= P~OK|_K<~. J\ J^~" J#==#
_ H~}=QK#k. JH~ =#K H=OQ P` H "= =O
J#`=Òk.
N~=_: D H~ `lOK@O, JH~Q J=@O ^"<?
N =+=i: x[", s~î H~# Z\ `lOK@O? s~ x~}
J=H~ LO_< LO\~. J~` '=H ^~#= J< |OK` 'H~
K"_# J# =# JkQqOK|_Òk. H~ `lOK@ JO> `## `#
~H~ Jf`"# 'P`Q Z~Q@. F ~=! h= "@"^@Q `==
QiOz qKiOK. J@ qKiOz#C_ ''^=Q PÒ^ H~ $` H $`=
=... Jx h" Q=.
188
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
WOk ^$+ - HO^~ WOk~=Q q+= O^ (| ~ ~ ~
QO^= O^) ~Q ^^ Hey LO@<~. "\ H~H }= PKiOK
K<~. J^$+= (^$+= Hxk) JQ }=K q= P`#`=#
QOKH =K<~. J\ ''q=`|k Q"i ^$+O^ =`" D H~ $`
H $`= fu JO` OqOKK#k. P`*# J\ q=`|kH K@
aOK@ ^.
Z=i z`"` O~=#O^ H= HO_, P`qK~}O^ =`"
=Q" LO@O^, J\ `` "` "H= J#^x =# H J=~" LO_^.
''Wk |O^=, Wk "H= J# #=O` O~= #O^ PHQ J*#
H~, J*#= `yOKH=\xH ^#OQ =`" J~ =#k. *xO^
^``` = JÒ` [OQ, H=OQ Ht LO@Ok. ""xH J*x
O^ _ J> HtOk.
*x ~^ Uq Kx"_ LO@<_. J*x WOk ==~=#
P` ukOz ''<# K"_# J# ==# #QK<_.
^+ Ja#"# P``` = `# H ~~`=# `# `<
''H\ OKH#@, H\ OKHH=@ ~O_ x~Ok.

# |O^- # "H- <|O^- # |O^#" I
J=^kÔ ^YO ^`qb` II (. 22, ~ 38)
^~xH |O^=Qx "H=Qx =. |O^=# HeOKQ H~}=
^. =i ^Y= ZO^ HQÒk? J*#=, JqK~} H~}OQ< =!
J@ HQK# ^YO *#OK #tOKQ^. |O^"H q^~OQ<
HeOK|_K<~. H|\ ~=! ~=# ~^ `lOKQey#"_" LO_=.
n~_=Q=. JOH~O ~ê"~. J<H|kK ~HÒ J=îOzO_!

6. "H<O
N~=_: F =`! q~ KCK#^xx |\ ''|O^"H= J#|_q
JO=O. H=O ~|= =`" `= Jx J~=QK#k. J~` Q_
O_< ZH_< edOK|_# zÒ LO@O^? D $+ JO` U~_`#k ZH_?
|O^" #C_ = HQK# ^M^ OQu Uq\?
F u H~}O G 189
N =+ =i: |" D '~[Q` ~=# q=~== O^K#k. Jk

~H=O`"#k. H~h |= H OHO K` |=#O^ U~_
LO@<~. J^x TH =Ò K` [Q` =$u JO` U~_ OKK#k.
^xO^ LxH, J`, LxH~Ò. kÙH`=, UH`J<H`=, Pk
JO`=... W\ qq^ H#h OHe`#~" ~=# kÔ@<~.
H#"# ^xO^ W=h U~_Q"...? ^. J~` D LxH "^#=h
_ P` HO> J#"#q H=. =^[O `~OQ=, |_Q, _,
P=$`= "^#=h U~_K<~ H^! J@ =H=QK#=h [=HO>
"~#"? H"!
z^` "@"^@ z`=` _# r=~=# KO^K#k. JC_
"<=... =<=h `#O^ H"#~K#k. P x\h J<H
s` H\ Ò KOk. P H@# <=~=` _# P $+H
J#="#k. LQO (Diversed experiencing)K "\#x\h (D J<HOQ Hx
# $+x\h) î =~ Z\H u~==K ~O `lOz "K#k.
|= #O_...! -
H ~^ Lx Ò ` q J" I
`# U= `Ò `~OQ W= Q~ II ( 7, ~ 39)
D r=Oî qq^ ^$+ Lù |= #O_ U~_K#k. |
^~K#k. J\Q = ^~= Lù _ x~O`~O |=#O_ HQ
K<~. P ~=` #O_ == L^qOk. ~=Ò^ =iOk =~
~=` O^ =QK#k. =^= Lù JQK# `~OQ= =~
Z\H< =^=O^ =QK<~ H^!
D ~= x~O`~= P ~=Ò^ `#" XCK<~. =\K `~
K|_# J<H = =\K`< `#" LO@<~ H^!

7. x`= #O^ JxÒ

N~=_: =`! q "H= QOK@ = HOK= H+"#kQ WH_
JxOk. ZO^HO\~?.... Jy j`Ò (K^#O) LO@O^, LO_^.
[O ^#H ZH_< OqO^? OqOK^!
K`#= [_Ò LO@O^? Z\ LO@Ok?
190
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
J^$=Q |=#O^ ^$= LO_@ Uq\? x`=Q ~=Ò^
D Jx``=O` U~_@O =O["\ J=Òk? H#H, q~ K# "H=,
''= ^~= H Lù u= |= #O^ K@ Kx
LO@<~... J# ^xH ``~"q\ <# QOKH`<#.
WOk=, =# _ "~, Jf`" LO@# |"H_?... H}
OQ~=Q D ^~*"K@? Wk |= #O^ U~_@ Uq\?
~, q~ K#@ D [Q` H <=~= H |= #O^
L`#"<x J#HOÔ. J\ J~` D [Q` `~_K# u XH
^~= |= H H}= Hey LO_e! D ^~=h `z` P#O^
==, `=, JYO_= J~ LO_e H^! nOOz \#k n= =<
LO\Ok. =#Ax #O_ =#A_, Q^= #O_ Q^= HQK<~H^!
WÔ` |= #O_ @K#C_, |==< LO_e. Hx WH_
iu Uq\? WH_ ^~=h <`", iq`", ^Y[#H" ZO^
LO@<~? D [Q` xiH~=Q |O #O_ Hey`, W=h xiH~OQ< LO_e.
''^... D [Q` P`HO> a#OQ qH~=O`" #k. Hx Wk
|=#O_ \Ok... Jx JO\~? J#Q, |= '[Q^== Hey LO_e
H^? =i Jk '"f`= uQ}~`= Jx ZO^ K|_#@?
q~ K#@ ''D r=... "i qO` ^$+... D ^~*=... W=h
|O #O_, H ~=`#O_ L`#"<x J#OÔ... JC_ ''~"~_
=^$+x r= Hey LO\_... J# HOHO PkOK|_#> H^!
WO` qK~} q# `~"` < U^< = LO> ## HqOKO_.
N =+ =i: F! K =Oz < "=. h O^=x\H "= W#
=^#O q#-
[=# PH~=#^? ^. Hx =# =^=x `~OQ=#
PH~= HxOKK#k H^! P PH~= "="#^<? H^.
J> D == |=#O^ iOKK#k. =^[O `~OQ~=#
Hx#C_, '`~OQ= J# ~OQ JH_ Z\ #`= ^ H^!
|=#O^ [Q` O|OkOz# =e#= =Ò _ ^.
JyO^ L+`= ` =iOHq LO@Ok?
D OK=#O^ |=HO> a#"#, U H< ZH_ ^.
F u H~}O G 191
N~=_: =s! |= ^Y~`=, x~O^= _! =i ^x #O_ Hey#

D [Q` ^Y==Q, Ô^ÒQ ZO^ L#k? Ò_! q "H~=
q\ < W\H ^_@^. q L^"q\ <# QOKH=K<#.
Q=O`_ =+ =i ~=xH D # =#OQ q<~. O`
"# z`=` P`x ~O_ ~~=# ije< `#O^ W@
zOKQ~.
N =+ =i: (`# JO`~OQO) ''D ~=KO^x |k WOH# ~ H=
Ok#@ ^? HOK= <~= WOH# qye L#@#k. WC_ W`x |kx
P`==#O^ \Q "tO*e. JC_ W`x WOH U~_ LO@#
O= zH` [~QQ^. Z=i |k J~` iH` HeyO_^ J\
"_... ''D [Q` |"... J# "H=# J~=# QOK^.
Z=~` iH"# |k` [Q^== `l_, z^H~=Q P```=#
=`" îOKQ =~` Hey LO\_... J\"_ =`" ''*`*_. J\
n=O`_ =`" ''~O |" J# "H=K#= H ~H+ `y#"_
QK<_. J\ =` P ^~Ô^ ^+|k O^@^. "~ ~iq`
^$+ JkQqOz LO@<~. JO^K` WOê ~`H`= "iH `H J=Q`=
QK#k.
D [Q`^~= LxH, q<#=, J"=Q P P```=#.... D
~O_O\H _ P`*xH q~^"q HxOK@^. JO^K` D ~=KO^xH
<# D [Q` H#|_ ==H ^$= H "=``"q\ k#.
JC_ Qx W`xH L`= qOu aOK^.
^$ OK=# O*Q 'Q^$+ Hey L#O`HO D r=_
^$Ox U"" q+=# q< LO\_ Qx, ="H= H
J~=# QOKQQ`_? ^. Q, J#H}O `` *#= #O_ 'Ku
O^`< LO\_.
|k iH` O^#C_ ''<<! h`#, <` D ~= |"...
Jx K` =Ò UO O? q+QK L#O`=~ |=# ukOK
"H= zH=< LO@ LO\~. QK #tOzO^, JC_ H=OQ
J*#O `Q@O, ''D ~= P` ~_#Q < == J# Z~H U~_@O
XH~ [~Q` LO\~.

*`*_ U^` `H#=#^ Jk `Hx#"_.
192
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
JO^K` 'J|^_, J~|^_ J~# t+# "@"^@ ==,
^== (Discipline of one's own internal and external Avocations) JOK@@ Ke.
JC_ J`x ^$+, J=Q#, Pi, iH =... W=h i^` O^`~.
J@ '`` `" 'r"|u<~ "^# P``ù^H=Q "H
^~} ~HOQ q+Oz Ke. J~|^_Q t+xH 'D [Q` ^...
JO^K` nxx h $^=#O^ ~Ò K~... JO^Q# L`= PK~}
~_=. ^~~_= H"e... Jx KCK`, J`xx uH=H~z#> J=Òk.
JiH ^$+Q t+_ Q~= K#^xH _~O Wz, z=~ =*O
z< =Ô LO@Ok. t+ HO^~ |^ LO\~. L`="# J~=#
J#^Q~HOQ QOz PHoO K< =~= Hey LO\~. 'QK
"=... "^# ^+=$ux `lOz LO\~. J`_ =O^ ukOK|_#
'~=`= QiOz# =^#O q`` O^Òk. ''<<! D <#h=D
[Q`, WOê [# H~ WÔ` |= HO> "~#q H^. n#O`\ H |"
==. WH=O^ _ ~"~ `` =# "~Q Un ZH_ LO_*^...
Jx J~_Q t+xH =`" kOK@O ^_Òk. JxO^"# J=Q# Q
t+_ Jk qO@#C_ ''<# Wk H^.. <# Wk... J# `=# O|OkOz#
J#==# O^`_. qHe =_|kQ t+x iQ sHOKO_< ''[Q`
q^... ~= H#.. |O^ "H= =... Jx K@O K` J"^Q
t+_ JuH~=Q =~=# ZOKH#@, HOKO J=HO LO_=K. ''h
W+O =z#@ OKiOK=K Jx ^~"#@ J#H=\xH Jk ^Ô
K=K. ZO^HO> J\ t+_ `# L`= JO #O_ q~qOK J=HO L#k.
~, L`=_Q D < t+_ ~=KO^xH J*<O^H~O #tO*
~"` $+ `= k#.

W@ zOz N =+ =i ~=KO^x OkOK@O =~ H#yOK~.

F u H~}O G 193
8. P`H B#Ò
N =+ =i: D [Q` ^+~+"#k. ... D [Q` |=.
D qÔQ Ô` "~ "~ H} #O_ =zOK|_K<~ H^! WÔ`
_, Q~= t+xH, Q=O`x x~K#= kOK@C_ ukOK|_K#k.
D J<H q+=` _# ~O_ ~H=# Ô`=# q=i Q... D
[Q` ""xH Uk J~=#^... t+_ ^+~`"# '|k` QOK
QQ`_. HO Q~t+==~=O` W> X#Q_Òk.
|=... ''~H=O`=, ~"H=, ~==O^ `H=... J~
L#k. h= SO^*e# KK LO\=. "~ =K J<H H ^~ L#k
#@ xk L#@ K LO\~. P` ""xH =~`= J~L#k.
Hh, ===Q JQK#k. Q SO^*ex = =\x O_Q, ux
=G=Q K K`#k. PH=#O^ `@#, HO_ [=#
HeOKQ D P`H J~Hx x~zOz x~tOK^=~?
H<q+O K` `# L#K> q+` PHOx #Q~ x~}O KOk.
PHO hÒ `yOz JH_ $n`=# xiOk. `= PH=#
Ok.

Z]\ ^~Q=} uaOaOK PHO Z~OQ`< Ht LO@Ok

H^! J> D [Q` ''L`#O J~#k, ... L`#O H##k JO` _ `Q
J` J~ L#k. |= H `K`< D [Q` `= J#` =QK#k.
D~_ (H, D~~_Q r=_) `Q J=H~_ J~#\H
qz` ~=# `## `# îOKK<_. Z\ JO\"?... O =*O
J#===_O =#O K<= H^! ^+ OHe`=, T[x`= JQ
==#, =#+# H# KHx ''WÔ` "=" Jx `z, P O Y
^M^h J#q<_.
J D r=_=_? ''<#...Wk...s~= "^#=h Ò@#\
J=H=Q *~" W`_ H^! J~#\H, W`_ H K` H#
"^#"\` H#|_K<_.
W^ suQ ~`H=Q P`== ~H=O^, ~`, ~~=#
O=`= O^Òk. XH P` == WO` =O^ [xOz# ~ ~=#,
194
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
WC_ h=, <#, D a, `k`~ ~=#, WH=O^ W> J<H q+`
r= ~=# H\ `=QK#k.
WH ~=~= `"H_k? Z=iH?.... =`=# Jk~Oz# *x
Z#\H q=#Qx, Q~=Qx, "=# Qx, ~HqH~=#
Qx O^_. n~_#"_ ~^ =~=# P~Oz LO@<_.

J#O` ^, H H=Q PÒ^ qz`=Q ^$~K<H HxOk.
P` `~HOQ J<H e`=`, [#=` _# ~K# H H#
yOk. =^= `#Oê `~OQ=# u~iO^...? ^ H^! P`
_ `# D J^`"# $+ ~K## u~iOK@^.
PÒ^ D [Q Z\ LO_ LO@<~?... <~Q...=\
q+` U~_Q O_Q...^~=#O^ =G=Q...XH z# =]q`#O
==$HOQ... PÒ^ ~ =H=HOQ u Hey LO@, XHC_
==~=O`= JQK<~. =H=QK<~.
h~ XHC_ xOQ LO\Ok. ZC_ P h\ `~OQ U~_K<~.
=~HC_ J^ h~ uiy xÒ O^Òk. J~` J<H PH~` Hx#
`~OQ [O HO> "~#k ZC_? ZC_ ^. J\Q, |O HO> D '<#h=
PHO$kqHO^~O... "^# "\` _# D [Q` ~K# "~#k
H<H^.
''<` Ht` H~, #H, #q<"u
D OK=# H~ Qx, H Qx Z=_ _. Z=_ U=Ò q<#=
O^@ ^. H=O H~=, x~==, =~=, x`=, OH
~`= J~#\ 'P```= #O^ D qÔQ JO` kOKK#k.
nO LO> K, HO LO@Ok. ~_ LO> K, Q U~_Òk.
+O LO> K, QOÔ LO\Ok. Jk#=Q K`#= LO_@K`< D [Q`
OQ L`#=QK#k.
"= #O^ O^# L#k. J~` P O^# "= HO> "~# LxH
L#^? ^. J\Q h Z^~Q H#|_K# ''D [Q` |= H J
=`"... Jx QOK. J#Q, |" HH#K WOk`H"# `^Ò
H [#OQ W@, [Q` H ^$=Q #k. WOk =` =#
O^ P~_"=#"_ WH_ J<H = ==# [# ==#
F u H~}O G 195
QOKK<_. ''=J=` _# =# ''ÒJÒ =^

Y ^M#"Q H\ Ò JQK#k. WH_ H#|_K#Ô` ` H^. J`
_ H^.

WH_ XH q+O =YOQ QOK. D J<H [Q^=# "gzH =

=z ` LO_=K QH! J~`, P`H x^# =OK`< D [Q^+=
_ LxHx Hey LO@<~. Uk U"<, P`# W"g $tOK@ ^. Q"#_Q
P ~=` ZC_ ~=# "~Q, ~=# H`_ ~=ù O^
```" LO_ LO@<_. J`xH U H~"H~== =. ''< ~= J\
H`=Q ~=``` = H^. =iOH^ J~=#k... Jx qOK@ K`<
~ ~H=# ^+= =z _K<~.
"# ^xx $+OKk, $+Oz#^xx O Kk P ~=`. P
~=` O^ D [Q`H XHC_ i~=Q, =~HC_ J=Q =HO
JQK LO\Ok. WOHHC_ J =H" JQ@^.
N~=_: =s! WH_ #tOKK#^k? u Hey =O@#^k? D =*
=O` P`#O_ L`#= JQK#^? H, =~H_ #OK<?
N =+ =i: P`~= Hx =" #tOk... P`~= J~#k Z\
#tOk?... P` ~"#k =`" u Hey LO@Ok... P` ~= Hxk
u Z\ Hey LO@Ok?
r=_ H"# J*#=K (|k H JÒ H~}OQ) P ``=#
J<H =*= = îOKK<_. D =*=O` P` H ~" J~
LO_Q, WH ''P` #O_ Wq Z\ L`#"<~? J< L^~OK^H^!
F ~=! ''=H *#= J< Hx =O^Q OkOK. JC_ ''|=
#O_ D ~= L`#=`<~ Jx Q=. ~H~}= J<H"#\H,
Jq ~x #O_ "~ H^ H^! XH H~}= XH ==, =~H H~}= HO_,
"~H H~}= [O`=, WOHH H~}= Q_... W@ "~ "~ H~}= "~ "~
K@ i LO_=K QH! ~H~}= ~_ Lù #"#@, D '~=,
~ |=< Lù #OQ Hey LO@<~.
~=~ `=Q ''z`~|O Z~H H Jax"= (The dynamics of
knowing) K`< D [Q` ^$=#=Òk.
196
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
Jq^, ^~=... D ~O_ XH H}O |=#O^ L^~<~.
J@ L^~Oz P ~O_ _ "k Y` qz`=# , J =K
XCK<~.
KK" ~"! O~O J<H P`, OH~ ^YH~# [<`,
Q, =$^ J=` _ LO\Ok. eÒQ Wk P` |O^#=QK#k.
D O~ =$H=# 'q"H= J< Y_=` YO_Oz"e. ''O~=Q
J#==Ô` ~ q< K=`~"!.... J# J=Q#K OîO
K@" WC_ LO. ZO^HO>, L# Ò J^ H|\!
` ÒK# Q[~A UOK_? ~Q q=Q =#O " ~Q
f_ H^! h= _ D O~= #O_ 'q"H= H O K` q_=_=.
O`=Q, QOc~=Q ~= QOz#"_" xtO`_=Q=.

9. WÔ` _ |"
N~=_: =hO^! ''|^" D ~r= H "= u H^! J
''r=`=, ''qz`r= Lù J##q |^=#O^ Z@, U H~OQ, Zx
q^=Q ZO^ OqO^ q~OQ KO_.
N =+ =i: |= #O_ D z` qz`=# r=*`h... Z@
L`#=`<, u Hey LO@<, #t<, =Hx O^K<
OHOQ K`#... q#-
|O `Q q+~`"#k. Jk ~H ~O, x~O _! J\
|O #O^ [O P=~O = 'z`H ~O O^Òk. P=~OK U~_#
PH~^ [O HO> "~ H#@, D 'z`H |O HO> "~ H^. |=#
KOk#^ J~=#k.
J\ 'z`H `# H 'OHeOK@ J# ==K "@"^@ HOz`
~}# P~Oz |"^Q ~O $+H~ ^~=# O^K#k.
J#Q, =Q q+H~= O^K#k. J\ 'OH= == H
|=K K`#= #`= KO^K#k. J\ #`=K...''r== =# J#
Lk~=Q =# KO^K#k.
D qÔQ |= =# H OH=Ò K` `# H |~
=Q ''^$H ~=# `lOz '^+ J# H~ $`=` _# ux P~Ok.
F u H~}O G 197
''<# ^+#... ''Wk ^$O... ''Wk < KOk#k... =O\ " |O

O^Òk. J~` Jk OH= O^` L#\H JO`=Ò K` OH=
P= L# `# ~=Q P`# Q@H#K#^? <^. Jk `## `#
U H}=O^ `lOK@^. Hx `lOz#^x=, ''J`.... J~#\ D [Q`#
qiO*Ok.
z`~= JO`\ Ht< L#k. Hx ^$+ Hey#C_ #O
= JQK#k. ^~xH H#|_ ^$=O` z# ~" =! Hx OiH
^$+ Q"iH =Ò Wk `H =ÒQ (OK ` "#O =`"Q)
H#|_Òk.
K`#= ^xx Z@ OHe J> i}qOK@O, OK@O [~QÒk. Jk
|^=x = ~=# OHeOzO^#H... JC_ Jk `## |
^=x ~=Q< QOKK#k. J#Q, ''D uH= ~=# J<H r=~`
_ HtOKK#k <<... < H ~" J# =# ZH_ P~O^, Jk
J\ J#==< JH_ O^K#k. J\ =# LHqOz# r=< '~}Q~_
J# ~` _ KCO@<O. P ~}Q~_ `k`~ k=Ok *``
_# D [Q`H# HO`\ H H~}=QK<_.
K`~ q^## `*` #O= I
$+~=qO ~= z`xi`=Q` II (~ 40, 9)
^<Q H=Oê J#O`}H@ ~=# L# D '$+ JO`
z`= #O_ U~_Òk. JO^K` ''z`" $+. z`=# "~Q $+^... Jx
K|_Òk.
z`= H ~O_
Q=
$+x U~~KK# $+ H J#"x
zÒ O^K# zÒ
`Q K =Ò, D $+ PH== #"#k. WÔ` OH=x

#Q~= =O\k. H== Ou K` =`" U~_ LO\Ok.
N~=_: |=, [Q` "~"~# H}= Hey LO@<~ H^?
198
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
N =+ =i: |= =H`=. ~ H} qH}=. |=< D
|O_<~. D |O_= Hx r=~ H=O J*#= #O^ LO_
LO@<~. =iHx *#H" LO@<~. WOHx q= H~}OQ
=^=^ 'Ku O^K<~.
OK=`\ O|OÔ L# r= HO^~ =`" L`= "~Q=
P~Oz LO_@K, "~ `k`~ L^tOK\xH J~ LO@<~. q+
"#K r= J< Z< =#H "^ Q~`<~. eÒQ ^YO,
iH`#O, O, L^QO "^#"\x ^ ^ H~} =# _
O^K<~. H}O ~Q^+"^K "_K<~. D r=
x ~[H`=HuH *` QiOz =O^ =O^ q=~OQ KCH=
K<=. W\H =Ò... <~`=, ~"`=, x~==, z^
~=, =~`=, J<k J#O`=... J~ L# |= QiOK q=i#.
x =Ô `~OQ= KOKÒ H#=Ok H^! J\Q O^
~`=Q P ~=` O^ Hq+= @=Òk. P Hq+" D
qÔQ r===Q #Ò O^Òk. J\ Hq+= H [#"
'[Q` J#|_ J#=O.
N~=_: =`! J#O`=Q 'P``` O #O^ 'Ô J##k Z@ U~_Òk?
JO^ ''Hq+= L`#==@"q\? Jq Z@ Oq<~? PÒ^
J D qH~= Z@ U~_K<~? Jkf=Q P` O^ O^ Z\
HQÒk?
N =+ =i: D ''r=_ |O =# |k JOH~O ^$O "^
#=h ~=`K`<, H, ~=Ò^ U~_K<x QOK. J~` D "H
~K#h G==~O H~H HeOK|_K<~. ""xH W"g ZH_ =. J#Q
~=~=# Wq P` "~Q LO_@^. D qH~=, D J==`=, D
k, H= `, D ^^= J#=O... W=h `HOQ Hx#\ H,
Wq ~=` O^ U =Ò OqOK#q H=.
P z` HxH, H, ~=` "~Q ZH_ Un ^. JO^ J#"# Z\
H# ^, LO_^, LO_*^ _! WH |, J~H= ZK@? H~, H~}`
"K@? ==~^$ L`#= "H~K# PÒ^ x["# #O <^.
J~`, D OK=# U U H#, ~=, "H== L<,
J=h ~=` #O_ L`#=`<~. =\ =h =\ J~#@ J=h
F u H~}O G 199
P`=O, ^~O J~ =<~. F H;Q! ~=KO^! Jy #O_ L`#

==h JyHH =iOH=`~ KC? xC~=h x H^! ~=` #O_
L`#==h ~=` ~" J=`~. WH D '[xOK#k, [xO*#k...
J# '^H# JO` q^ J~=#k. D [Q` H u JO` =K`<
OqOk. WH ^~= Lù, q<#=... J##Ô` XH H# #O_
"~H H## L^qO*@ =`" J~ LO@#k.

h\ O^ HêHQ PÒ^ HH H PkH`K`< ''[xOK#k
[xO*#k... J# ~=Q "~ "~ q+ ([Q`~=` J##q)
îOK|_K<~.
XH ^ ~~ #O_ YO_O|_# =~H z# ~~ P ^~~HO> "~#k
H^ H^! ^~~, z#~~ ^~"H>. Hh, PH~^ ^$ "~Q
H#|_K#q. J> PÒ^ H#|_ "~ r=#|_ K=`~=h P` ~}"
J~ =#k. ''Wk "~, Jk "~. W`_ "~, J`_ "~.. <# "~, h= "~ J##\
D ~==~ H==O` <= =`" J~=#k. ''"~#k"~Hxk J<Ô`
~=` O^ ^.
ZO^HO\"? 'iK^= J<k LO> H^, a#`= OqOKk! |=
#O_ L`#"# '=# H H ^~ =~HOQ< D <= ~ H#
JO` =$`=QK#k. JO` H^, =# H ^$_=#K`< [Q^ =~
=O` OqOk.
N~=_: J~` ''~=` #O_ D [Q` U~_K#k J# "HO J=Q"#
J~"#x JO\~?
N =+ =i: ''XH Jy tY #O_ WOHH Jy tY L`#=QK#k... J##Ô`
'" H "z`"Qx, ^~O H^. ZO^HO>, P ~O_ JytY XH Jy
H ~=. ~=Ò^ '[xO*#k [xOK#k Z\ Oq~
KC? ~^ UH" LO@# ~=` Z@, ^xx, ZO^H~ L`#O K<_?
XH =@ L#C_, ^xH q~^"#k, a#"#k, ~O_=k J~# =~H=@
LO_@O P =@ (H "H=) H =O.
J~` |=#O^ =K<^ LO_= H^! WH D | J~ H= ~
=O\"... WÔ` =^=x `~OQ= XH^xH =~H^xH L# ^=
=O\^. z# ^ `~OQ=h [=" H^! `~OQ^$+x P~Oz `^~
=^=#, =^ [=# x~zOKQ=? ^.
200
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
D ~[Q` |" J~ =#k. Wk "= QOKK# G= ~O.
'`Q` _ |" J~=#k. '=#|k J##q _ |". D~_
J#^x |J~= |". ~ ==Oê ~= |".
|~qÔ qO qfÒ K ``^"I
=` [Q< ~O |= H=" II (~ 40, 30)
D q=O` |= H ~". J~` |O D q=# ~"#k
_. D [Q` ""xH <^. JO` H= |~" J~=#k.

Hk H}= =#O `~"` -

N~=_: =i D qH}=` _# =``= =>q\? qq^ r=
qq^=# H =#, P~# Hey LO@<~?
N =+ =i: `~OQ=, _, |_Q, P=~= JO` [" J~#@...
LOQ~=, =_}O, QA, Q JO` |OQ~" J~#@... h=<#Jk
WkH=^~= .... ~= |". D [Q` OH= L#K@
J<H=Q, ^~= P~OK|_#C_ |=Q ^`H=QK#k.
F ~"! J@ PHO " K_. `~ " PHO, _=~ " PHO
XH\? "~ "~? ''D PH qQ= "~... P PH qQ= "~ J##k
PH=# LO@O^? q=Q ~=Ò^ _ D qQH# <^.
WH Wk `~ PHO, Wk _=~ PHO J##Ô` qHH` _# "
=`".''h=<#"_g_[#=$`=^=`-~H=#=....Wq
_ J\". W=h H^$+ (Relative perception) x P~Oz =`" LO@<~.
g\ O^ J~qK~} K#C_ '`=# aOK#^n LO_@^.
XHK@ L#"xH =`" ''k, H=... J# H` _# J#=O
U~_ LO\Ok. P`, ~` ==`" LO_Q, ''P` ~^ << L<# J#
L`=~O QOz#"xH D H` (Relativity) ZH_ LO@Ok? LO_^.
N~=_: =`! D =# |= #O_ L`#=QK#k H^?
N =+ =i: ''|= #O_ =# Lù JQK#k... J#|_ qHH
J`"#^ =! L^~}Q XH J_Q`#.
h=, h =<~^= "~"~? h #O_ h =# "~#qQ KQ=? "\H
hH< "~# J`=#^? 'Q} HO> Q}= "~Q ZH_< LO\?
F u H~}O G 201
^.... #C_ ''P Q}=, ==, =<~^= h #O_ L`#

=QK<~... Jx J#@O Z\? ''JkQ ~O_= KO^_ Jx XH "_ JO@
<_#H... P ~O_= KO^_ P`xH PHO HxOK\xH H~}"q\? P KK
"x ^$+^+" H^! `=# O|OkOz# *#= J=QK#C_ |=
#O^ D qH=h JQ LO@<~. ''D qH=O` '=< K= K`<
L`#=QK#k J#@ O^" ^. P` H x^= K`< =# u
O^# O^QQÒk. J~#\H, ''P` W@ =#Q i}qOk...
Jx J#g^. ZO^HO\"? U H} =O^ _ P` `# ^Ò, x~Ò,
HÒ, JYO_`=# `lOH LO\Ok. J*#^$+H =Ò OH$`"#
OH= h`=QK<~. P H~}OQ P`, 'Wk r==, Wk [Q`
J##@Q `KK#k.
~~=, ~"Q P ''J#O` |^= #O_ =iOHn Z#_<
OqOK\xH g^. ^x #O_ Pq~q#@ `KK#Ô` |" J~
=Ok. |`` = xK@ Un JQOK^, L`#= H^. |= =#<
|=# WÔ` è=K@ [~QÒk.
XH =Hx K# =i HO^~ ''W`_ < Ò_... < =~_... < J_...
< =#=_... < q`_... W\ J<H s`Q J`x` `= Q u, O|O^
# |\ q<~ H^! JO^~ K#k P XH_< H^! J\Q, XH |=
J<H <=~=` ^+H uQ`# J#iOz H#|_K#k. ''WÔ`
|" (~Ode^" |) J##k "^"H~" J~=#k. D q+=<
=#O D QOÔ J<H H}= #O_ H~} ~HOQ x~<O.
''~=~`` = J~ =# P ~|= #O^ 'Jq^^ J#|_ O~
^+O D+<Ò _ ^.
N~=_: q! =i r=xH Hx# D q+ ==~= =@ Uq\?
N =+ =i: W=h r=# J=Q^$+, J*#=K ^+= K`< J#=
=QK<~. H#H, J*#O #tOzO^... WH P D H#|_ ~=Oê ''^
~=` |``=... h= îOKQ= =! XH ` Q =e#=` H
|_ L#^#H... P =e#=# O K `y ` H "="# "~
QKiOk H^! J>, J*#= #tOKQ< |^= `H= HQ^.
nO "eyOK@OK` Qkx pH\ `y`, JC_ QkQ ==h KHQ
H#|_`~ H^!
202
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
=O^Q J*#=K H+`"# D ^$+x i^~KH"e. JC_ D
q^$ [Q` ~ qH=` ^$+ #O_ LqOKQ^. x~"#
JÔ uaO|= ZO` +OQ K_QO. `~=Q |= x~"#
|k O^ x`=, ~`= O^QQK#k. JC_ P ^+ `# H
i^ ~=< ~~`, ~^, ~=Q QOKK<_.
W^ *<#=O H ~H+.

10. Jq^ P`*<#=O

N~=_: J =s! q "H= JÒ` j`=, x~=, H
H=, = J=$`=~O i<~. Zx H$`= eÒQ< ''q D
=K#=# q#QQ@, O^@ J# =~O q #O_ O^K<O!
! q "H= === Hey LO@<~. =` $+=Q
`=< uk<x "= Q<O. J~` = O^ J<H [#Q
~Hx # J*# ^+= K` H... QOc~~O OìOKHx # q
"H= q#KO_Q H}HO *#HO |_Òk. WO`< =~H
H}O ZH_ #O_ J*#O =z_Òk. D qÔQ *# J*#= =^ H@
q\_K<O. PHO "= ~HHK ZO_ h_ U~_K#@ "=
H}H *#O, =~ U^ Jx~Kh J=QÒ O^K<O.
F ^"! P ~=` J#O`=, J"=, i~=, ^ H=O`=,
UH ~=, x`k`= ~=~~= H^..! J\ ~=Ò^ [# H~`
_# D qH~H#O` ZO^ OqOk? ''D $+ |= #O^ ^.. Wk
JQ"#k... D $+|"... "^# q~^"H= L^"q\? D
q+@ P` L#Y=Q@ Uq\? D "^ ZH_ #O_ =z _K<~?
N =+ =i: F ~=! <# KC `~= XH>. nx JQ` Qx, ~~
q~^=Qx =. "^=K OK=# K@|_# ="H=< (JO
|, r"|u <~ "^#q) WH_ J~HOQ =#O KCO@<O.
JO`. J~` h= ^ H =^ ''uuH#`L`= J=Q# D =_\ x
q_==^. D =# O+} J<H H}= #O_ ije LO_Q h O^
~~~ '*#^$+ `H L^~OKQ^. ~~^= O^Q=.
z`_= HQ=. JC_ W`~O qO@ =# ==~ "H= HO> L`="#
`^#ux h JO`~OQ=#O^ î=.

F u H~}O G 203
A, P`^+, ^~=~} JQ =h `= QOz# ''"H

Jf`... J#==`... `=# ~[## LîOK xqÒ "Ô` Ô`=
~O uk<~. J\ `= HO` ~H=Q "H~K# J=~
=QK#k.
L`=~= ^$ K, P |= (Jargons) HO` = =x`=#
=@ "=" Hx, =# =`< `y#@ ''= H ^~ #=#
=` _# ~=K`< `yOK@O [~QÒk. ''r=_ |= P`
~=` =# |k [Q` - JOH~=... J# |= J\". J~`
D ^*= `~*#=# (^) `H `= JQK#k. H|\ ''L^
==Q P`*#= kOK\xH WÔ` W@ ~zOK|_K#k Jx QOK.
''"Q= ^~= D ~O_\ =#=# q"H=` QOKe.
''q"H^$+ =`~ P= J LÔ QOK@O... D =_ U
=O# U=~K~^. q^ =O^ __^ =! =# D O+}
^Q qO@ LO_Q, "K "KH ~=# h" Q=.

J*# H~ '|=# L^tOK\xH H ''`~^ xqÒ
*#K "HOK=O` HeOK|_#k. J~` Z=~` W\H ~=~uO^
LO\~, J\"i J#=" L^== JQK#k. H#H WH P D "HOKO`
<=#k?
P` ""xH ~=^"#k. JO^ q+#YÒ Qx, H~Qx, "^
Qx, ~Q^+= Qx < =. J\ ~=~=Q PÒ^ D [Q` JO` u
Hey#k. P`H =< =" D ~O H LxH #O J~ L#k. W^
q+O J<H ` J<H H}= #O_ D QO^= x~Oz, q=iOz
KCK#k.
N~=_: q! =i D r= J<H=Ok H J#=O JO^ =uiHOQ
LO\Ok. ''P` ~=Q Q <# ~^ i^_#... q+~`_#...
J# J#=O K@# _Òk. ''<# J_#, n#_#, iq`_#, k`_#,
_#.... J# =# JkH"# K~O Hey LO\Ok. H~}"q\?
N =+=i: x[", D r=_ `y#O` ^## P~OKH=@K`<, Zx
~A Q_z`#\H P`H ^`= QOKH=K<_. ''= J*#
~= (Causal Ignorance) J~#\ `=, J`j`=... D ~O_ ~~O
HiOKO@ "=# J<H MYQ qiO*<~.
204
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
"HOKO H` J\ ''= J*#= QiOK|_*^, `yOK
|_*^.
Jq^"`= `<^"K I
q^ ~` ~= ~î} II (~ 41, 13)
J<H [#x 'H$`= e LO_Q JO`H~}O ^`= O^K#k.
J<H [#Q HiOK_# L^= O|OkOz# "HOKO r=x *#
=~O "tO* P`H q` kOk. ''L^H==,
"HOK=... J# Jq^ ^~ ~^+x"i}Q q^ HtOKK#k.
JG= JG=K`< [~O|_Òk H^! ` =e#= JO\#C_,
=e#=` Jq^
K`< Jq^ #tOk. ''G^*O J# =O` ''^$O J# =#
Z^~#KO_Q, ~= J=QÒ J=` =Ok. J\ u L=
`=O`@ `" `QK<~. J#Q G~K<~"# = q<#= #O^
P#O^= O^K#k. = H =O JÒ` ^~"#^... Hx, Jk
H}O =@= =QK#k.
=, qK~} (Illussion & Enquiry) - =H ~=, ==
Jx~Kh=. Jk q"H=# PKkOz LO\Ok. J<H [Q`# Lù
KOk. = ""xH x^ H^! J~< _ D ^$= H H,
YO_`"# =<~O~ H~}= =H ~".
D =H ~"q\? Wk ZO`HOQ HQÒk? D ~O_
=^#~ÒQ< LO@<~. Hx, D = Z@ `yOK|_Q^ G=,
Q~= =# q^~KK<~. P! =H H~" J~#\ D ^$
[Q` U qÔQ `H" Ò_qO^ K< L<= H^! ZO` P~O!
''J=HOKH=@K`<... (H, qKiOKH=@O K`<) D = iOK
K#k... Jx qA =zOKK<~. J=HOz KK=... `H H}O
#tOzÒk. Ji*` ~=#< (because of not verifying the reality / fact) Jk
iOK@O, q[$OaOK@O [~QÒk. D qz` O~ |O^=# HQ*#\
= ZO`\ P~H~O? 'J`" J~#\H Wk `==< #^! Wk
ZO`\ q^ ==~OQ ~zOK|_K#^... U=x KQO! ''Ja#=, ~=
^= JQ ~=` O^ D = n~"# XH =OuQ U~_ LO\Ok.
F u H~}O G 205
H~=, q= J~# D ^=O` x~O`~O qiO*Ok. JO^K` ''D =

H~ JH~ ~=Q ~+xHO> Jf`_# ~`=x P~Oz L#k... Jx
K|_Òk.

F ~=! h= =Ò ''~=~ uO^ D = #" ^....
J# x=< ~^ HeyO_=. h= *xq H"O> h H J=Q#
=## 1) `x+ "H= 2) "^"Ô` ~ ~O 3) H"# `~O
4) #=O... D <y\K` LnO KO@ LO_e.
ZC_` *=Q =# Ò\", JC_ < D "H=x
JO`s#"# =`~ P=# KHQ îOKQ=.
W\H =Ò h= ~OQ |^_= H=#k H^! JO^K`, <
"H= q=OK. Q~, G "H#~O q=` ''Jq^ ^... J#
HO_O` |= Hey O_. J\ x=` xt`"# |k H"_",
ij<`H=, q"K<~H= J~# ^$+` < D "H qO@ qO@ LO_.
H=OQ JO` hH qÔ HQ^.
''WC_ = D ^$= Ok. Hx D# '^ Jx ÔfHiOK
K<~. =i qOK@O Z\?... Jx qOz D =# Ò qK~} q#@
q~qOK"... WH h= h O^ OK=#O^ [#, J#==, J*#
qH O^`< LO\=.
F ~[#~! D r=_ J<H [#Q 'J=Q<~`= ` _#
|k` D ^$==~OH =~ =~ "t<_. J\ J<H OiH ^M
# O^K#\ D =|^ r=x ^$+ @x = J<H O=`~=
i=#, G*#=#, J#==# ~OQiOz D Q "+~=}
G=# ukOKK<=.
W\ r=x uQ` Uq\? |AK =zOK|_# G=x
JO`~` ~= Z\k?.... W=h QOz# `~"` D qK~}# q =O^
LOK@ u<O. D O~ r=# ^Yq=H HQO> *#"H> i
J~# B+Ô. J\ *#O H, qK~}, `=~# "^# "\K =`"
^$__Òk. D =K K|_K# "H= F~`, |+ qO`, x~
"# |k`, H;Q~H"# J=Q#` qKH}ÒQ q#O_. nx
[#"q\ H=OQ q~ QOK@O [~QQ^.

206
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
kÔ ^$Ò Ò =#O =##O =Ì
J<`qÔ #<=` q[$Oa`"II (~ 41, 22)
D H#|_ q ^$=O` =#O|O^"#k =`". J#Q, WÔ` =#
H =##=K q~=# L^~OKK#k. =< q=`" JQ@K
WÔ` J^" J~ =#k. Z=i JO`H~}=#O^` '' D [QÒ`
===... q^... J# xO HQÒ^, J\"_ =`" "H
==# J~_QK<_.
^$+H KOK`" ~ J#~= ==. ''~=#... WOk
`=.. =~H"# O|O^=@ #qH... J#"\ =#< r=_ D
O~ |O^=O^ =~ =~ zO@<_. J~` HO^~ =h D
` =~=# q+` [Qk+=@ q"H~H"# J=Q## =O^Q
OkOKO@<~. `^~ D ^$=# J<H|kK, ''ZC_, ZH_, Z=i
@< [iy# U^ O@# = K_\x J<~. D ^$= ^=
H=K. H J^= H=K... ^$=O`\ \ 'J<H |k HeyO_"xx
WOê Y^Y=, `k`~ O@# Uq KQ= KC?
HO J" ^=? - <# D ^ =`_<?... Z=_` 'D ^^ <# J#
=#K D Ôk^# K LO\_.... J`_ `# H ''^ UH
JYO_.... =## QOKH=K<_. JO^K`< J`_ 'Jq^=O`_
JQK<_. eÒQ ^Y=h =z_K<~. ~= ^=Q PÒ^
''<# r=_#, ^x, =#A_#, x, JkHix, ~A#... "^# qH~=
LO_Q"? LO_=. XH \ HO Z^~Q L# ^$O uaOaO^#H... ''D
\ HO =$H=, [O`=, `k`~~= L<~. Jq H^K<~...
=i<~ Jx J#Q=? ^ H^! Hx J=h uaO| =ÒQ \ HO
Hx<~. z^=#O^ D <=~= ==~=O` \ HO
uaOaOK ^$O =O\k =`".
F ~=! "="q\ KCK<#, q#. D <= ~=` _# ^$
[Q`#O^ h= =. hO^ Jq _ =. U^` ^+~+"# ^$~=#
Z^~Q H#|_Ò^ JÔ` 'P` "~#k H^.
G= = H O fHx =# `yOK\xH Hi
<~. Jq = O|OkOz# H~H==` _Hx, L#\H, P`*#=
=iOK@ `H Hi<~.
F u H~}O G 207
Jq^"O H@`# D r=_ G=K kO|_K#

P`*#O H` `#=O O^*<_.
P`*<#=O ~= QOK@K `H aOKQ^. P`*#O
H` 'O~= H 'Jq^# Z=~ ^@~. P`" JH"# ^=.

N~=_: =`! `k`~ q+=x\H< _ ''D Jq^ ZH_ #O_ =z
_Ok?... J< ## P~KH`xQ, =^#~`xQ KOk.
N =+ =i: ''D Jq^ ZH_ #O_ =zOk.... J< H @. ZO^HO>
= Jx~KhO. ''D ~Q= OqOK\xH U U H~}= LO_ LO_=K?
J# # n~OQ ìOK@OH< _, ''WC_ D ~QO èQk Z\? J##k
Lz`"# Jx qA LÔ. J`"# XH =## =#O J`"#^xQ QiO
K@" Jx\H< =YO H^! Jq^ =#< $^ =e#=O` =z_Òk.
Jk $^#=O` PHqOz LO\Ok. J@ $Ô< u+ "Hx # D
OiH^$+x `yOKH#@ Z\ [# ^` ijeOK^~QH!
W\H ''Jq^ ZO^K` LO\Ok? J< OQO =ê ''Wk `Q^\ J#
q+O QiOK uOK=#kQ GH~ _ k<~. ''`_ O^
= H '~} U~_@O ZO`HOQ, ZO^K`, Z\ U~_Ok? J##k
gHOKK H# K |^, ''Wk `_... x~}OQ Wk = H =
HeyOk... H#H `_# `_Q =`" QOK@ Z@? J##k =z`"#
Ò.
H|\ ~=! '' D Jq^# <# Z\ #tO*#?... J< q+O ijeOK.
zOK. uOK. Jq^ #tOK#C_ ^~``=O` h ^_Q^.
Jq^ #tOzO^... WH ''W^H_ #O_ =zOk? U ~=# L#k? Z@=O\
=~# Hey LO\Ok?... J< q+ "@O`@ J" q^=`~.
''G ij#, L`= PK~}... W\H D ~O_ J=~O =! WOk
@ U~_K# ""x P ~O_O\` x~kOK. ^$O @ U~_K# PH~}#
'JOQ= J# P^=` Z^~! JC_ JO` H=OQ hH èÒk.

~"` $+=Q `=, = ^$ Kz#C_ D ''Jq^ J##k
''x^ Jx è=Ok. *#= H J=" Jq^. H, KH\ ij<`H
|kx qxyOK#C_ Jq^ qOk. J@ qOz, P Jk D r=x `#
WK =z#@ Ok.
208
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
J~< ~=! <^H . ''Wk J` ==... WO^ <# ^ ^ Oux
O^K<#. J\ Ou ## `"#^x #O_ ^~OQ LOKÒk... Jx
XH_ QOK_#H.... JC_ J`==Oê Ou`=, `== #Oê
"=`=# J#"xH `KH=@O Z\ KC?
N~=_: x`x`=# }=Q ijeOK@K`<.
N =+ =i: J=# H^! D Jq^ L`#", J<H ^+= Hey#^,
q"# PH$ux îOKK#k. D r=x H}O J*<O^H~OH `
"Ok. J\ 'Jq^ # x~kOK\xH uOKO_ =~=#=# =~
H#` "|K =#= UO Ke? Z\ Ke?
JO^K` ~=! h= D Jq^# |=OÒQ, n~Ò` #tO*e =!
JC_ `=# h" Z~QQ=. XH_ Q ~_ n=O`_ J~` J~ LO_
=K QH... Hx J`_ Jq^ |_<_, WH J`xx H_Qey# "~ Z=~?
JO^K`< =~ =~ Ki<#. ~Q~= î# Jq^#
#tO*\xH h= `j_= H"eO^! J@ Ku", WH h= D O~^
Y=h H=OQ `H [~=. Jq^ ~ P^ =O. J#~=x\H
Jq^ è. JqK~}, Jq+}, J^K *#q*#= H|_O_@=#
U~_ J"# J=Q# D Jq^ H ~=, q<= _.
WOH, P Jq^ U"q KO^ K=O\"? Jk =#, q^=#
^+=#H zO`#, q`#, W`~@ ~=, xO^= JQ =~##
`z_Òk.
$^= U~_Q ="=x\H Jk JO~= =O\^. J\
'^$+ ~=Q Jq^ '$Ô J< Q$OH "tOz W+O =z#@
u~Q_Ò>, q"H J~# =#=_ K T~O\_? ^... T~H_^.
''<# D O~ =^=# ^@@ Lq\?... J##^ zOu LO_e.

11. H`= HÀ_

N~=_: =s! D ''Jq^ J< *_= J<H J#~=# HQ* Òk
H^! Z@ "= ^xx "Ô@ `yOKHQQÒ KO_?
N =+ =i: x[", XH ~_ |=O`_ J~# `=Q D Jq^ =z
=Oy@ "e#k. J~` D Jq^ qK~} K#O` =ÒK` `H
F u H~}O G 209
`yQ^. Ju q $ÒQ iOz LO@# Jq^~Q=# B+^~OQ

Hx q+ WH_ q#... q#-
|= `Q J=$`~=, ~", x~==, J<k, J#O`=,
=~`= J~=#k. J\ |=#O^ ''<# s~= îOz LO_"_#..
J# O^# H K<`H"# H q+= U~_Òk. =Ô [O L#k
H^! P [= `~OQ~=# Ok =^=#O^ XHK\ #O_ =~HK\H
=K#k. J> L^` _Hx # |= _ |=# =
H#\ XH ^= #O_ =~H ^=# =K#@QK#k. KOK`=O`
`#O^ `< O^K#k.
=Ôx [OH O^#ÒQ#, O^#~ÒQ LO\Ok
H^! ~H=O`=Q |= `# "~ H#\ XH<H K@ Hj`= Ok
LO\Ok. JO`~ÒQ<, ~^ ^`ÔQ< LO\Ok.
PHOx "=# K_. Jk `#O^ `< K#= O^K#k H^!
^x K#=# =~H>n H~}=Q@ ^. J^qÔQ `Q @ ~
"# P` `#O^ `< ^# O^K#k. nO ZC_ H iOk
H^! P` _ HK ~=#O^ D ''[Q`r= J# ~=#
HtOKK#k. q"# `\HO XH ^=O^ =`" _QO_=
Hx LO\~. J\ _ U~_K@< [O Ju"QOQ =$`H~OQ
=$`=` LO@Ok. ~`` ~=, =H=O`= JQ P` _ `#
~= #O^ HeOK|_# XH<H Ô HHqH" XCK#k.
[=Ô JytY (|_y) H#|_#@ z^ ==Ô WOk
H=O` iOk.

x~ z` H - z^= ` Q x~ ~=. Jk WOk= Jf`" # k.
Hx D WOk# "ey#k, O^K#k, Ly#k _ Jk =!
HOz` a`~ zKHt#~" I
`#~z`~`K ``"ii"~" II (~ 42, 11)
J\ x~ z^ ==Ô '[Q`=# J#|_ qH= U~_
Òk. JC_ Jk =^=O^ `~OQO=, P O^#` `#=QK#k. e`"
WOk O|O^=Q z`-H H H@#. J~` WOk O|O^=Q z`H,
P`z`-HHO> "~#k H^. Hx, "~# ^x= HxOk. H|_, JyH=
"^[K# XH W#fQ# Ju "QOQ Qe XH PH~OQ uCK<=#H...
210
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
JC_ P #O XH ~"# PH~O QKiOk. J> z`-H Lk ~=OK`
''^$= "==, ~= J# J#=O O^Òk. P z`-H `#H
~H` H~}O K` 'H= J# ~=# _ iOKÒk. J#Q, =Q
`# HHx îOKK#k. ^=, H= P z`H #O_ |~`=Q
xC~==O\".
=# Z\ LO> D [Q` _ J> - P z` H `#H ==# XH
=O Z~QK#k. JC_ PÔ`~`"#\ ~=` ^=# u Ok
LO\Ok. J~< _, =~HC_ qK~}# =êO@# H~}OQ Ou
=OK` He`~" `# ==Q ZOKK, ''<# iz#_#... J# =# `#
O^ ^$_~KH#K#k. P ~=` ''<# iz#"#\ q+=# J#
x=# P~Oz# =~H}O WH }Ok=#, <=~=# `#
~=#@ QOKK#k. JO^K` ''z^=#O^ D ~= HeOK|_K#k.
J@ HeOK|_K# ~^~= K`#=`" J~=<~ Jx QOK.
''^=Q P`HO> "~#k Jx iOKK#Ô` J="Qx, `= H^.
QA, LOQ~= "^Q ~` K|_K# P~}=#, |OQ~=# Q
^"=#k KC? P~}=O` |OQ~" J~ =#k H^!
zÔ=Q P` ''=# KK# =O D [Q` H LxH U~_@O
[~QÒk. J~`, D [Q`, K`#=... 1) XH> 2) "~ "~... J# ~O_O\ H<
_ qH}"# XH Jq<= O|OÔ Hey L<~.
n=, Jy : [Q`^~=, K`#= - XH nO` J<H n= "eyOK
|_#H... JC_ "~ "~ n =`# ^$+ @O> u XH n=
`k`~ n=HO> "~#^ H^! Hx ny ^$ K<? "~ "~ ^
H= L# n=x\x ny XH> J~=#kH^! J> ^H
L^ ^$ J<H K`#= L<~. J<H ~ == L<~. Hx
`q+` =~=#=Oê ~ L^x K`#=O` XH> J~=#k.
J~`, ^=, H= "^# O^#H` _Hx # K`#= ''OH=
"# ~Q f, =e# ~=# O^K#k.
D ^ H^h LO_ L#k P z^= #O^.

HÀ_ - D ~ L^ # P~Oz LO@ ~ J#= = # `" # ^^,
J^ 'H À_ . D s~= H O`~= # `H#K, `# ~~ =#
Z~Q"_ H#H ''HÀ_ Jx JO@<O. ~` H = ~` HO> "~Q TiH
F u H~}O G 211
|@Q LO@Ok H^! HÀ_ D s~^, qH}"<_. ~n=#

XH Jy= <#, h# WO^x#, u=~# HÀx ^$ ^"q
^. J`_ si JO> _. HÀ_ r=_.
H`= - D s~" H`=. D H`=# OQ WOk~=, ^$=
"^#q L<~ JO`~=# =# |k "^#=h L<~. J\ ,
JO`~=h P HÀ_ K`< =iO|_K<~.
*#= HÀx` 'UH`= H '`^`=. '<# HÀ_# J# ^$_"#
J#==` _# Z~H.
J*#= H`= (s~=) `\ UH`= O^@. ''<# D s~=# J#
=# Hey LO_@.
'HÀ_ "# QiOz H## X#~K, 'JOH~= J# ~=#
O^K<_. P JOH~" ^~^# x~OK@K`#, `k`~ H#
`= JQ@ K`# ''|k Jx K|_Òk. K`#= HO> r=_ "~ H^. r=x
HO> JOH~= "~ H^. JOH~= HO> |k "~ H^... Jx QOK|_
QH! OH=K H+`" #C_ |k =##O K =OK, =<~x
O^K#k. # qH# P~OK@K D =# WOk ~x O^
K#k. D Ô OKO# L`#=Òk. r=^~} KOk. `H" è
=Ok. `k`~"# ^$=O` J#=OQ ^^~_Q r=xK O^|_Òk.

`H#@ J# "# O|OkOz#

^ K`#= ==~^$+ H# "## JOH~ K`#=
P~OK ``=

H À_ r=_
JOH~= x=# O|OkOz# H# |k

|k WOk q+=# =##= K == (=<~O~) =#
=# f="# qH# h`"# | ~k =# WOk
WOk H K` "II J="` O|O^= ^=
^= ^$O è=K@ ^$ [Q`
212
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
W r=_ 'OH= J< =K |OkO|_K<_. '^Y=
J~# O`~=Oê ^~*=O^ `# `< zH#K<_.
J~` WH_ =#O XH q+O Q=xOKe. D HÀ_ H r"` Jq^
i}==O K`< 's~=, ^$= "^# qH}`=O` O^K<_.
""xH J`x z`== i}=~`"#k.
~Q H H" ~Q O_Q i}qOz#O` =Ò K`, J^x *u`=
=~O^@ ^ H^!

D qÔQ K`#= r=~=#, r=_ JOH~~=#, JOH~=
|k ~=#, |k OH~O~K H+`" =<~=# O^K<~.
JC_ D =# q (satisfied-unsatisfied) =<~^` _x LO\Ok.
''D" < , g~ < `,. g~ < "~, "~ `k`~... "^# s~H~
=$`# HiOKK, `# O^ P =$` ^$+x O^Òk. iz#=,
`K= J~# J<H q+=O^ PH Ok LO\Ok.
=^= " #^ "K LO\~. =kOz# Z^ L#"Q P= ~Q
f LO@Ok. z`=#Oê 'WK J# ^+" D r=} q+=" ~Q
f~OK@ H~}= JQK#k. D z`= `# Oê <OH~=K
K=`~=Q =$^=QK#k. @~QQ `# H~K `< '|Ok`~
JQK#k. K Z HO =Q Q=# zx =$`"`_`~
KK"? D =# _ ''OH J#O^#=K =Q |O^=#O^
`Q#K#k. P! Wk ZO`\ Ô! ZO`\ qK~H~"# q+O!
''<# |^_#... ??? K`#= `# ~=iH ^~=# H==Q
`lOKK ''<# |^_# Jx qOKK#k. ''P, O|O^=... D ~O_ J^xx
|^xQ K<~.
N~=_: [#[~=~}= ~=# =~ =~ OìOKO@# D
'Jq^ J< [Q*O ZH_ #O_ L`#=Òk?
N =+ =i: Jk P r=x H JO`H~}=#O^ L`#=Òk. D =# `#
H OH=K |=, ~ "^# q+= ~K~`. q+=
=# 'Jy* JQK#k.
Jq^H"# =# ''# |OkO|_# OOQ qHe J==
O^Òk. H=OQ D =# J<H q`, x+^ H~= H~ $`= =OK
F u H~}O G 213
K#k. `# WK =ÒK` HeOK|_# |q^=# H~O^, [#O^ W~

H#K#k. WOH=Ok? H ^~# XH\ `~"` =~H\ Q O^`< L#k.
=#... =< xQO - D =# XHC_ =## HK =<~=#,
=~HC_ x~`H HK |k~=# OìOKO\Ok. Jk WOHHC_
*#~=#, H~=#, JOH~~=#, s~~=# O^K#k.
XH #@_ "~ <@H= "~ ` #\<_ H^! J\Q =# XHK@
'= J# ~= =Oz D r=x ==# Oz`~Ok. XHK@
=~~=#, =~HK@ `Q~=# u Hey LO\Ok. XH =O
'z`= ~=#, 'Jq^ ~=# WK ~=#... D qÔQ P =# Z``#
J=`~= JO` ZH_? D OK=O` OKi#k =#. Jk "
|OkOK|_, `$+, H=K i~", ~Q^+= q#" XCK#k.
D =# H Qu QiOz WOHO K=O\=? Wk [~=~}=~
O|OkOz# J<H ==#K` =~ =~ H# O^Òk. Wx+=#
q+=K `~=|_Òk. `k`~@ U~_ ^+"# Ja^K ^+`
=QK#k. ^x PH$u WK. OH" ^x `=. D J<H ~H=# H~h
zQi#k =# #O_. Jk J<H J#~=# H# KO@ `# H Lù
#=, x#= JQ ~=` ^=< qiOz "Ok. <Q " #O_
|OkO|_K, J<H ^Y=# J#qOk.

''ZO^K`... J##k =# WH_ =Y"# . nxH = =^#O q#.
''P`HO> a#"# ^x = # ^$~= Qi# ^~ *#O =iO
KH=@ K`<. `# ~=K `# `< ``=, [~=~}==
O^K# D ^+ =# O~~}O OKi LO_\xH H~}O, qK~}
KH =@" J~ =#k.
O~= J#|_#k ZH_ ^. D =# P=# `# K@
xiOKHx, ~~#" LO\Ok KK"...? Jk O~= H
~=. Jk zO` K`, H^= K`, H== K` JÒ` |O^#= O^Òk.
P` ~=# O^HÒk.
J\ ^~~"# =## Ok# D =#=_ K T~H=@O Lz`=?
H< H^. J^xH =~=#O< L`= ~+Ò, J^#=, qK~}
"^# B+^=# JOkOKe. Jk r=x H~=O.

214
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
KK" ~=KO^! lOH QO# g_# lOHQ D =# ZO` ^M
HO`=QK#k. Wk, O, q+*K ÔK|_Òk. ''D [# =$`=
`"#" Jx J#Hx '`y# H=O Q ZO` ^_Òk. W`~ J<H
^= @ Q Ja=#=K ZO`Q< qQ= J#qOz... J#qOz J
~=#k. W\ D ^`#=# XH '_H = îOk. ''J! D <
"# ^= Hk~A JH`Q <##k H^! WH < Qu Uq\?
Jx "=K d#~ L#k. ''F~! r=_! h H L`= `=K ##
=îOK=K# H^? Jx D =# J~# KOk. F ~=! W@ J<H ^Y
= Ok O_@K `# '^$uL`=# H~ OKiOKK# D
=## h=, Z>< ~, H_ *#=O Ke. =Ô e~ qq
_K# HQ, |~^ W~x L# ^#`Q D =# '[Q*= J<
##Q~O _H@HO\Ok.
F [#~! |O^ `=, |O^^< J~# D Ô, Q$O, [#O
"^#"\ O^ JÒ` ux HeyO_ `< W~# QO_p=Q ^
_K# D q =## q~ LîOKe =! O> Z=~ Lî~ KO_!
F ~[#~! q `` *#=O^, ``^#=O^ `y#O` P^~}
LO_@O ZO`< J=~O. ''P`*#q+" J<^~} J< =Ô q =#
H@=K<! q+=O^ x=Q=Q@K Jk OzOKÒ^! K`#
~Q q~ D =# H ~^## q#O_. qx P^HO_. 'JqK~}K WOH
WOH ^xx kOKHO_. J`j~ LO_HO_.
'q+= J< |~^ W~#...''=# J< =e ^#`#...
'L`= H~ J< ` OK... 'J<H J< `=K... 'qK~} J< HK
|@ QO_! ''^*#= J< h\` H_QO_! ''uH` J< =G=K
iO KO_! ''"H= J< L`= O qOu O^x=O_.
<#~! J [=, JkH"# |~^ Q XH ^~#i`"# `\HO
L#k. P `\H" H==, ~Q=` _# PH. JO^ z<a#=#
JOQ=` _# D =# z#k. , J H` |=e#" P
=# OKiOk.
J\ P =# ''JH~ $Ò <~e. Z=_` [~=~}==O\ J<H q``
_# ^$[Q` #O_ `# =## H_H#@ uOK_... P`_'#~_
JxOKH_ #~x ~OQ =_=$Q" J`_.

F u H~}O G 215
12. qq^ r"``

N~=_: ^"! D J<Q r=H Lù ="q\.. |qzÒQ#,
=# Qe@@Q# L#^! P! Uq =`H"# ==~O!
N =+ =i: J=#, x[". D JOMH=Q He`H~=Q r= LkK`
=`" '"~"~ ~=Q qQ=Q `KK<~. g~O` D qÔQ
O~ "< "O `Qx K`#, =@ î<~. J~`, [
H}=h ~ #O_ L`#=QK#@, g~O` |= #O_ L`#"
L<~... WC_ L`#=QK<~... WH=O^ _ W> L`#O H=K<~.
W\ [Q` QiOz h= qOK=# <=#^ KC?
N~=_: P`~ J~ LO_ _ g~O` W@ ZO^, Z=i H~}OQ
q=Ò O^K<~?
N =+ =i: g~O` "<=O K`< q=Ò O^@O [~QÒk. gi
JO`H~}= Y-^Y=Q J<H"# qz` Ô^ 'x|Ô JQK<~.
J\ D r= qq^ ^=O^, [=O^, =O^, H=
O^... h\ |^^= =.... L`#=QK<~... #t<~. J\"i
HO^~ D =~=# H=#O^ JOMHOQ J<H [# Ok#"~ L<~.
=iHO^~ D HO Hk [# =`" Zu<~. WOHO^~ ~O_,
=_ [# =`" Z`~. HO^~ HO^~`, WOH D H=#O^ [xOz
LO_^. HO^\ 'H=x XH [# #O_ WOH `~H#^.
=iHO^~ r=# W^ PYi [# JQK#k. HOîH D [#~O~
i= JQ@K`, "~ 'H= Ok<~.
HO^~ "Hk [# =~ =~ =~ L^q, XH '^*u O^ u
Ok<~. WOH HO^~ ~O_, =_ ^*Ò^ =`" =~ =~
[# O^K<~.
HO^~ a# a# ^=# 'XH H== JO@ Un O_ HO#O`Q
O^K<~. HO^~ r= #~H= #O^ n~HOQ Q `#
O^K<~. HO^~ JY= H~ ZO` _` =<=#
~=` OKi<~.
=iHO^~ ^=~, qHe # L<~. HO`=Ok r=
'H#~QO^~q^^~ =O\ =<~"# ~=# Ok<~.
216
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
HO^~ `Hx" k=s~=`, P`*# ~=` q~l
K<~. HO`=Ok ''~, WO^, =~}, |, q+, =~Q L<~.
HO^~ O_ (^=` XH `Q), `, H, ~H, K^ ~=#
LO_ L<~. =iHO^~ }, Hu, ", ^ ~=# u Ok<~.
WO^ HO^~ `K q+=@ PH i` =s` KO_, H~`
[# O^K, XHC_ ^Y=#, =~HC_ ~`=# îOKK<~.
HO^~ H ~=# Ok<~. J> `$}=, F+^, =, P
~=# _ HO^~ r= LO@<~.
W\ ZO`< =iOK=K =! HO^~ O~"==# O^K<~.
''<# ~A# H"e... =Oux H"e... O<_# H"e... < K@ W
H\ , "\H [=xx H"e... JO^~ < JkH~O JOwHiOKe... D qÔQ
LO@<~, "i "i OiH =#!
HO^~ <~|@ H@x =#= =#= =Oz JO` K _,
Uq @#@ LO@<~.
HO^~ ~Q=` ==H~=` "\ "\ < Q K ^KO@<~.
HO^~ ~=, HO_z=, Hq, H@H=, ~Q "^# L^#
P~Oz =, `K= JQ ^~=# =`~"# "\= î<~.
HO^~ O=, "H, Z^ "^# =$Q~= îOz P~= O^@,
x^, "^#= J# ~O_ =_ H~H==O^ x=Q" LO@<~. HO^~
P^ == JQK<~. =iHO^~ O^# O^K<~.
HO^~ ~~=, #~H=, #H`=O_O =$H= H zÔ,
"=, PHO #= Ok LO@<~.
HO^~ ~H~}=x ~=# QOK@ JkH~O Ok LO@<~.
=i HO^~ KO^ H~}=x F+^`= H iH` H~H `= `=
L^# xyOKK<~.
J#[# @ a+ Hey#\ HO^~, `Ò|O^"# `=
O^ =<"# xqOz OK~O K<~. =iHO^~ z~HOQ
r=#H`= J#qOz WH q^=Hx qOK Ja+` LO@<~.
=i HO^~ ''= =H HO> `k`~ [# YOÒ^ == J# =#
HeyO_, `^#OQ U"" H~H== U~~KHx =i<~. ^~=
J=`~=# ^~}K t+# q*#Q fik^ Ò LO@<~.
F u H~}O G 217
Q O@O _# =iHO^~ ''q^=H ''P` =K~O "^#

"\x ~=^+=O` iH<~.
HO^~ f="QO` =OK #^H Jk# ^=`~ LO@<~.
HO^~ L`= ~=#, ~+~=#, #OH~=# LO@<~.
HO^~ |^"# '=ux Hey LO@<~. =iHO^~ qHe [_"# JO`
H~}= Hey LO@<~.
HO^~ `k`~[# *#O L^tOK 'x+ Hey LO@<~. WH HO^~
=~=i`# O+OK\xH W+_H, =k< P~Oz n~HO Q_"<~.
WÔ` Uq@O\"? D [# `= `= "# q=, Jq^|^
J<H ""=# P~Oz, WÔ` W@ O^K<~. WÔ` P =
Ô^ u OkO_> J~=#k. WOH...
q~x [Q`zx`#``x K I
H#H W= # =$`<-q~Ò ` II (~ 43, 25)
WOHO^~ D q L<~. HO^~ #~HO _K<~. WOHO^~
~=# ZQ~K<~. q~|_K# |OuQ HO^~ XH s~= #O_ =~H
s~=# "K<~.
P`|^ "<= î} I
H`=x =$H^$Hq<O_* II (~ 43, 26)
H XH K@ #O_ z =~H K@ "K#@ D r= J< J<H
P= |^ J<H q+` ^=# îOK@ W\H\ #O_
^= JQK<~.

D r=_ J``==Q `# P`# îOK#O`=~ W> J<H Lk
~O~# J#q< LO\_. JOMH=Q q+=, OH=
|^ '= H 'Jq^ # P~, D q~"# qO OK~O K
LO\~. [O H~@OQ, P=$`=Q W> u~Q_` LO\~.
F ~"! D [# HO^~ J^=# `lOz `*#=# Ok
LO@<~. *# qHH==# P`^=#O^ ~`= |_K<~. J\
r= =~ D OK=# [xOK@ ^.
WH =iHO^~ r= q+xH =Ô. "~ q"H=# Ok _, q+
O@ LO@<~. JO^K` "Hk [# J#qOz ~HOQ =~ =~
O~ OH@=# _K<~.
218
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
L`= O~=# P~OKK# WOHO^~ L`= ^=O^, L`=
H=O^ [# O^K<~. `=Q==# O^K<~. J\ "~ ''^=`
QO^~ |+ "^# q==O` O^K<~. "i HO^~ Qi`,
OiH ^$+x =~ P~OK@K `= =~= #O_ =~ "#H =~
K<~. HO` "#H, =~ =O^ K#K<~. "i HO^~` H, =$Q=
"^# uQ`# _ Hx `KO@<~. `K=Q q+=@ Q PK
=~ [O`= ## Ok #~H=# =K<~.
HO^~ =|k~ |^=x =# #O_ L`#=QK<~. (|
=# `Q <~^_, =+_, #`=~_ "II JO^ L^~}). J\
"^\ [# O^ ''|= J# "H^=# HtOKK<~. =iHO^~ `=
Lù #=# |O_=#O^, H "~H |O_=#O^... |^=xQ<,
q+= Q<, =~_ Q< JQK<~. HO^~ L`= [# #O_ Ku Ok,
^~=u~=@O K` ==k , H, =$Q, ~ L^# O^K<~.

F ~=! D Lù H==O` D |O_= U qÔQ L#^, `H#

|O_= _ J> L#k. J=h _ W> q~OQ#, qOQ# LO_
LO@<~. W`~O JOMHOQ |O_= xiOK|_~. "\ Hx
#tOz~. Hx WOH L<~. WH =O^ _ W> J<H |O_=
~zOK|_`<~. Wq HH, U" Hx H~} =# Hx O^~= P
r= xqÒ J<H z` qz`"# J"O`~ [Q` Pq~qOK`<~. WO`<
qO O^K<~. "\ HO^~ QO^~`=, HO^~ H`=, HO^~
^=`=, HO^~ ^``= O^K<~.
D |O_= =#+, "i "iH Q=# ==~= x~i
OKi<~ H^! J> `H# |O_= _ L<~. XHH $+ XHH
qH}=` _ LO\Ok. D r=$+h "i "i ==# J#iOz #k
`~OQ= i=~#O KO^K<~.
Lù, q<#= J# ~O_ KH =^ D $+h J#H}O i=~#O
KO^`< L<~. WO^x r= `= `= Q}= Jn# Jx~Kh,
Jx~ LO@<~. OO|O^"# Z~H JO`H~}= Hey LO_ Lù
q<#= =^ J<H "==# H\ OKK<~.

F u H~}O G 219
J~` ~=! g~O` L`#=QK#k ~=^=Q |=#O_ =!

|= #O^ g~ `H=Q ==iOKK<~. ~=Q ~|`=#
UXH~ UH}=O^ U=Ò `lOK@ ^.
H= n=#OK =Ok. H~}h ~_ #O_ =<~.
H|_# W#= #O_ Jy H} "^[|_K<~. = #O_ "# =Ok.
=~= #O_ [ aO^= |_K<~. =Ô #O_ `~OQ =<~.
J^ qÔQ D r=~t JO` H#QÒQ |= #O_ L`#=`#k.
J<H ^~O~ îOz Q#=O O^K#k. P `~"` =~H =O
(HO) |= #O^ =Q qb#=QK#k.
Jq~`q=`` `^K ~=` q#u =~` =^= I
u=# ~K<k "= ~=^ s= "i~ II (~ 43, 45)
D = 'uH= J# ~K<~=# OuQ Ok H^...!
WÔ` W@ 'q^ ~=# qi#k ZH_? ZH_ H^... PÒ^.
=Ôx [O `~OQ J<HO z, HO` OK~O K# `~"` =~
=^[O< ~<~ H^! Wk _ J\^.
J~` ~"! h= ~^ P`~_" J~ L<=. ''q^==~O
=`" J~=# D '$+u ^ K`# ~_=Q hO^ =. h=
"\ O^ =. H#H xtO`_" 'Ou =Oz LO_=.

13. #s~ ~+H=

(O~=`~}=)
N~=_: =hO^! HO D r=_ PÒ^ ~OKK<_x q~
KCK<~ H^! =i J\ J~`, J`_ =~ 'P O[~O ~O Q D uH
^=# Z\ ZO^ ZC_ îOKK<_?
N =+=i: =#O D q+O W`~" qKiOKO. =i h= WOH QOK@
^q\? ~~=# JÒ` xtÒQ qKiOKQ h |k WC_ Uq
KK#k?
F ~=! D ^=` ... =~[OQ=`H"# D [Q` JO`
_... 'J` J~ =#^. WÔ` O Q J=ÒQ L^~Ok.
220
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
n~HOQ ~OQ L#@ Hx# D H=, D |O_= "^#=h XH
n~ OQ q^~=Q< H#_K<~. D [Q` J#==QK#
PH$u JO`... ''XH`xH `# HO\ ^+O K` PHO ~O_= KO^_ HxOK_O
=O\k =`".
J*xH D ^$O, D OKO ==OQ#, -J=`#,
~H~H i`` xO_#kQ HxOk. OiH "# #tOz#\ *xH...?
J`_ D O~=# K#\H, ~=~^$+K U=Ò =~ K~
K_H LO@<_. JO^Hx, J`xH WOHH qÔQ HxOk.
D O~= J*<Ò^ P r= ==# J#iOz iHeOK
|_, îO|_K... "H~O`= W> LO\Ok. [O P=~O O^ =O
L#@, c[= #O^ JOiOK =O ^y L#@ r=x O^ KOK"# D
's~= O^@ J# =O LO_ LO\Ok.
H#... "=~=QQ D ^=, ^== =##O^ LO_
L#k. =# J<H ~= Hey#k. '"<~=K ^x O^ J<H
^= ^y L<~. J\ J<H ^= 'H~iH=K U s~= Ja=H
==Ò^... P s~ 'u D r=# HH=OQ OqOk. JO`Qx
Jx\ H u XH~ [~Q^. =\ O_H PH~=Q JQK#@
H~, =#... W" s~= ~=# îÒ JQK<~.
D =+ ^= H~ |^=_. |^=`= _ D r=x
== H "#Q}"# XH O#x QOK. ZO^HO> Jk _
J`x "=`` "O_^. J~` ~H =~_, =+ $+=_ JQ
|^=xH OH=`=K D J~^$+ JO` u Ok LO\Ok. P#
`# OH< =~=K = ^~K=`~=O` ~z<~H^!
N~=_: =`! "@"^@ r=K`#= LO_ L#k... Jk =<~=#
O^Òk. P `~"` Jk =+ $+ ~_Q '~}Q~_ J# 'u H
'^= O^K#k H^! J ^ K`#=# ~}Q~x ~=
O^=# JQ`"q\?
N =+ =i: J\ i}u H H="q\ q=i#. ^Q q#-
P``` =# ""xH ^Hiz#`=<^ ^. J~` Jk HK
b=ÒQ '=#K@O J# ==~=# ZO^H O^Òk. O`
[O `~OQ=# O|OkOz# O^# = P =# D iz# ^
J#==#, H+`"# ^H= J#==# ~O#O.
F u H~}O G 221
"<"" =# H ~O. =# "# c[O. J\ =# H#

JH#` KOK" LO\Ok. 'r=_ J#Q =# J~ L#k. += #O^
QOÔ = |= #O^ '=#H JO`s#"#k. J\ =##H H
Pq~=" '$ k.
~+H= - D ^" ~+H= JO@<O. XH ~=# Zxqk k
L#@, D ^=#O^ Zxqk `` = x~zOK|_K<~.
1. *<Ok OKH= : K= K~= H <H =, ({) "\
H~H==Q... |= ~ ~= ~= QO^=.
2. H~Ok OKH=: " H K` = L.
3. " OKH= : }"= J#"= "#"=
L^#"= =#"=.
4. ` OKH= : q "= Jy [= PH=.
5. JO`H~} K`+O : =# |k z`= JOH~=.
6. Jq^ : ''P`^$+ H ''P` == #O_ qH=. îH^$+
H P=.
7. H== : ''=iOH^ H"e... J# H~H# =$u.
8. H~= : H"OQ=.
D ''~+H= ~} $^=#O^ XH `"^#e LO@#k.

PÒê =#H H JÒ` ~Ou $ k. J\ $ k O^
W@ =<H== [~QK#k:
1. | `<` - ~|= c[`= |`<`. W\ |`<`=, P
|= H J#==# #=Q uOk= (K=)# =# KK#k.
P` J\ |#=Q x~H=# O^K#k.
2. ~ `<` - `~"` H=OQ 'O^## J#iOz =# #Ò
O^Òk. JC_ P =# ~ c[`"# '~`<` " L#Y
=QK#k. J#Q '~ " KeOK "= H =## P` P~Ok.
J\ ~ O^ #= H PH" K~=.
3. ~`<` - |, ~ `` =# PH"= O`=K '~=
H =# U~_Òk. Jk 'H# #=# H~}" 'KK@ J# HQ
H~k O^Òk.
222
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
4. ~ `<` - W@ |, ~, ~= i}=OK` =# =iHO` #Ò
O^Òk. JC_=# H}O x~HO H =# O^Òk.
PH"Jy Q}K =$k KOk# =# ~=# c["#\ ''~`<`#
O^Òk. ~Ok=# qOz "O@< ~`<` ^# P =# O^Òk.
5. QO^ `<` - J> P ~`<` QO^H=Q ~=# Ok
QO^`<`Q H\ OKH#K#k.
P `~"` P` O xi`"# =# OK` D ^= #O_
^$[Q`# gHOk. OK`= `=`= H;^# `lOKK, PH$ux
Hey#qQ JQK<~. J#Q `=# O^K<~. J#== H
~" D =<|^ OK"#k.
f="# "#` _# =#, ~+H=` H\ `=QK# D ^=#
=#KK#k. ''< H ~= ~+H=` _# D ^" H^... Jx
qOKK, `^#OQ< P H==~=# L^~QK#k.
H~iH=K =# Ò O^Òk. JC_ =#, JO`~=#
', H; ^=` HtOKK#k.
~+H ~"# =<``=< 'eOQ^= Jx JO@<O. J\ P
eOQ^= J<H qz`=# ~K#` _# D ^=# =ÔQ<
HiOKK#k.

D =# `# H "# =# Ok# ^=# PH=# ""
L#^x= QOKK#k. ''Wk < ^=. ''Wk q" "Oz #k. ''<#
D s~O iOz<#. ''T~QO t~Q#, J^QO ^=
Q#, W@ J@ K`Q#, =^QO @Q# ~O Hey L<# Jx D
r=_ q<_. ''*=O =O\ PH$u Q D r=_ " "^#
J===` H\ `=QK# D ^=# ZO^ QOKK<_? `#Oê
'=<~^= J#^xH ==Q@K`<. =##j=Q D =# "<=O
JQK He`=Q s~= Hey =iOk.

=#A# D ^= H= H 'Qu, H, iH= K` `H~=#
L^~Ok H^! J^ qÔQ D =# _ ''s~=$k O^Òk. J#Q
q~`=# P~OKK#k. J\ q~` =OK` ''<< D ~=#O^
F u H~}O G 223
qiOz q~l`<#. < OH" WÔ`. WH_ <k Hxk, <# Hxk ^
J# =<^~OK D r=_ |^=x ^=# O^K<_.
~H `=_, |^=_ "^# ~` =|_K# P =+r=_
|k-`=|=q*#=S~=# îOz#"_ q~lK<_.
(=+ `ÒHi A 'will' that is operating the cosmic aspect of creation.
=+ `ÒHi A will that is operating the individual.)
x~ =#` _# D =+ `` ~_ _ z^H= #O_
OqOz#"_...! J\ '`K, J`_ D J*#~=#, D OpH$` ==
~=# $+OKK<_. `# =# H x~`=K J`_ ÒH_
LO@<_. J`_ ^xx Z@ OHe_, Jk J> OpH$` =x`" qOk.
D PH= q "^# OpH$`=, P J#== _.. P`
O^ u Hey#q J~=<~. W=h J`_ b =ÒQ $+<_.
~z<_. J`_ XHC_ PÔ` ~`"# qH=# $+<_.
=~HC_ x~ [=# L`#O K<_. WOHHC_ y *K
H==Q =O_=# ~zOKK<_.
J> q, =$H=, ^= _ J`x OH#~" ~=
O^K<~. P = [# Ok# H}O #O_ H=# $+OKK `<_.
J`_ q+= ($+Oz# ^x H LxH ` O|OkOz# [) "^# J<H
~=# îOz `# $+Oz#k `< '# K LO\_. J`x Ô _
|^= #O_ OH|OK` L`#=QK#k.

W@ '=# J<k |= #O_ L`#=Òk. XH =O J*#
P=$`"#\ P =# q+Q"#x HO^ LO\Ok. JC_ ~ O~=
h =~z, P^=~z + ^# Ok LO\Ok. x^z# `~"` JC_
H==Q `# ^=# J=HOKK#k.
^= - D H#|_ Ô OK`= (q, [O, "=, Jy, PHO)
H ^ qQ=K ~zOK|_K#k. H@ Hk ~==K "" LO\Ok.
#=^~= Hey#^, K~=K O^~=Q JOHiOK|_ LO\Ok.
P Q"#_Q |^=_ `# WK#~" D s~=#, `$+#,
r=#, z`=# `# z` s~=#O^ Hey LO@<_.

224
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
W@ =+ OHx WKb D ~= J~ LO\Ok. x~ ^$+ Q
J`_ ''PH=# ~zOK^#QH Jx zOuOz#_ PH= U~_ LO\Ok.
|^=_# ~Q J`_ `q+`=~=#=h Z~QK<_.
W\H J`_ Z< $+ ==# îOK_. ''<O^ J`= Hey#
DD r= ^~^~= W\q Jx H==Q J`_ iOKK<_.
J> "^=#, r"ùx, `k`~=# z` qz`=Q OH=K
~zOKK<_. D } ~"H=, ^~H== kOK\xH J<H q^=
# PK~=#, G=# ~zOzOk P<.
P =+ OHx H ~}Q~x H |^=x ~=, == _
=#. ^$=#"# D '$+ JO` =# #O_ u Ok#k.
~}Q~x ^= Ok# =# qq^ ~K#K`, Hq=K`,
=O`=Q D [Q`# H# K#k.

14. [Q` ^H=

N~=KO^_: D [Q` ^H=... ZC_ U~_, ZC_ JO`=`<~?
N =+ =i: ''D [Q` ^+ kOKH#^. JO`Qx, xi`"#k H^... Jx
qAK QOK|_K#k. J#Q WÔ` =<q=, u=`= J~
=#k. uHO> "~Q WH_H_ Un < ^.
'^ H= - ^H#|_q D |O_O, XH^x< "" L<~...
Jx J#H_^ =! H@Hk |O_ =~=#O L<~. XHH
|O_= XHH suQ uQ` HeyL#k. H@Hk |O_ `HO
~Oz~. H@Hk |O_ q+` L^qOK=K<~. u
r=x $^= #O^ JÔ uaOa# == = H@ Hk |O_
u=ÒQ iOKK<~. WO`< J^$=QK<~.
"~ =@O^? XHi H K_. J#Oì=}OQ PHO H#|_
K#k H^! WÔ` He_ '^H= J#|_^x XH Q=#
_ iOKH`<x QOK.
[Q` - ^+ `# O KK #Q~O= D [Q` OH=`"
J~=#k. ''Q_ Qx, `~Qx O_< ~OQK edOK|_# Q HYO_O H#|_
Òk... J# "H=x qz`~OQ D 'J` J~# [Q` ^+ Ok.
F u H~}O G 225
J~` U ^- H= D [Q` u=Ò^, JÔ` K`#" J@ îO

|_K#^x H;|k` QOK. ''D H#|_ ~=# Jk#= J~#\,
^+~=# kf= H#\... P K`#" JO` _!
""xH D [Q` <H=`". WÔ` xi`"# ^x= Hx#k.
Hh, JO` _ JH$`". J#Q Wk Z=iK`# xiOK|_^. PHOx "
xi` L^#=# ^$O =O\^ D [Q`. ^$zHOQ U~_ OQ qQ=
K P PH~ qH~= U~_K<~. P WH `k`~"#Ô` ^+ H
=#K K@ KO\Ok.
D ^^, D uH=... W=h _ =# K`< HeOK|_~.
'KK@ J< H <`= H~ $`= Z\^, P suQ, WÔ` =# H
H=O 'T^$=` =#"#k Qx, `= H^.
^~H=Q D [Q` =K`< QOK|_K#k. ZO^HO\"? ''`#
"~Q D ^~= ZH_ L<~?
@~Q `# H~ Q\x xiOKH#K#@, D =# _ `#
x"= H~ s~=# HeOKH#K#k. `^$+` ij<`HOQ K D
=# J~#=, OH=`" =! J~` UO...? =# ~zOKxk ^.
Wk OK*Hx ^+~==O@ ZH_ Un LO_*^. P~Oz_, Jk
O^*#\ P x =^ _ =. ~ =#< L<~. D
`J` ~=Q =^~= ~H=O`=Q =# K`< ^
u=O`= JQK<~. D s~= _ =<==# J#iOK Ok.
D =# U =#H#, =~# U=Ò JO^#O`\ H LO_ L#k.
n~= - ''D ^=`, J~, =#+, [O`= g~O` Z=~?
J# =z#C_ ''g~O` =# H OH HK`< ~zOK|_K<~.
J# =^#= aOKK#k. =# H OH~ OK#" #tOzO
^#H... JC_ #< H}OKK# nOQ D J<H q^=# $+ ^~#=O`
qOz Òk. H|\ ~=! D [Q` JO`\ h XH n~ =# K#>,
Q=x LO_. ''PH= J# |=# Q J~==< WÔ` H< =ÒQ
=<q=ÒQ Z~Q=.
# *` # q` WHOz`^K# I
~=~# =` q^~O ` q^` II (~ 45, 14)
226
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
J J~=# `lOz ~=~=# P~Oz#C_ ''D [Q`#O^ Un
L`#=Q@^, #tOK^... Jx QOK|_Òk. ""xH WÔ` q^
J~=#k. ZO^HO\"? P` U H=O^ Qx =$k H= O^Ò^?
J"=Q P` =<|kz` JOH~Q i}qOK@O [~QÒ^? P`
`Q =~`"O_Q JO^ H; s~^ Z\ U~_`~ KC?
JYO_=Q P` ==#O^ 'r=_ `k`~ =O\ YO_`=O` Z\ OqOK
Q^? OqOK^.
J XH =@ KC? h= ~^ D ^=# qH}"## Jiz#
=Q J#O``# gHOKe. J\ Jiz# J#O``# gHOKO_ D JOH~
~=Q iz#=# O^=# J=~"=Ok? JO^ [#OQ
ZO`Q< q"`_" JQK<= H^! J@ ZO^ J`= P~OKe?
Z_i `~OQ= O|OkOz# =#, ^= D ~O_ H =$Q=
=$Q`$+ h~ H#|_@@ K~. J> D | "^# $+H~, `k`~=
q^Q< QKi<~. ^~^$+K PHO Un H#\H U^ ` he~OQ
^~O J~=#@ HxOk. D [Q`x ~== 'q^~" J~ =O_,
'#=Q J*#= K`< P=$`" LO@<~. <H }O K# u#H
X_# L# K@ H^K#@ Hx LO@Ok H^! JO^K`<, ''D =O =#
He`= =`". WÔ` 'LOk, ^ J# ~O_O\ HO> qH}", Jx~Kh"
L#k... Jx GH~ =# =~ =~ Q~ K<~.
''OK~`=Q P` H =# - F ~"! WÔ` |" J~ L#k
H^! WH nx O^ 'a#`=# O|OkOz# OQO ZO^ KC? J<H
`~OQ= [= H Jk#=K J^" kOk H^! ''Wk ~`=
}=. Wk #Q~=OK#H=... W@=O\ P_O|~=O` J^=,
`" J~#\H, =# H =<|OK` ''WÔ` ~" (U~_
L#^) J# qÔQ iH`" Ok. `` qK~} x"xH D [QÒ` H=
"<`=, `$~=, ~#~H==O\ J<H q+=` _#kQ
H#|_Òk. J`xH WO^ J<H [#~O~ =~ =~ <~.
JO^K` ~=! h= OK~`=Q P`==< ~^ q LO_e.
P`< K_e.
` [Q` -
^ =~O Ou~= #=Ì
n~ O `^"Ô qk z`k`" II (~ 45, 20)
F u H~}O G 227
Ox ^~*`=O` Ou =`" Qx "=O H^ H^! z`=K

xiOK|_# D ^$#=O J\^. D O~= J<H Q= P@>, qO
Q#, ~=}=Q# `KK#k. HOîH JÒ` ^YiÒQ#, =iHOîH
"îÒQ# J#==Òk. Hx `^$+K ije... WÔ` `K=, H}
OQ~= Jx èÒk. P! WÔ` Z< P x" D r=x qO
*\xH J#H}O ^_K#k H^...! JO^K` ~=! D ^$O x# PHqOK
O_ h= x~kOKe. JO^ Q# =O^Q JO`~OQ=#O^ nxx `lOz
LO_. J@ QH 'Wk J` Jx è_ nxO^ J#~Q" H P x~
HeyO_ "iH WH <# UO KQ#? ''=$Q`$+ h~ LO_^ Jx è _
''h... J~< KÔ, D `~OQ Kz P#OkÔ... Jx =$Q`$+ "
~Q f@ J~"=#k?
H#H h= ^x\ PHQx, J#~Q=Qx HeyLO_=# <q ^.
OH= ~=, =<~^== J~#\ D '="== "O@ ~Q
f# =_x u =~<fÒ. J`_ J#O`HOQ ^Y=< O^K<_.

'P` J#|_ =`~"# == ~=# Jkf" U~_ LO_<

L#k. J\ P` == ~^ "OK LO_Q, J` J~#\ D ^$OK=K
PH~}qH~} O^` ~Q f=# <=#^ KC? P`==#
=ê =iOH^ O^x ``_` =KK#"_ ~= ~~=#
O^H `<_. J<H hK=~= J<H~ }Oz =K îQ#H
^d`_QK<_. '`_# Kz '= Jx J#Hx _#@, D [Q`
""=`" J~=#k. =<"z`= QekQ `KK#k. KOK=Q
`\H[O KOûaO|O ''KK~! KOâO|= ZO`Q h WiH~,
=OH~\ OH~Q L#^?... Jx H=iOKk _ Qx qKH}*x H^. q^
`=Q J` ^~=K J*x "yOK|_=KQH! `` *x ^x#=
Uq\, Z\^ QOz WO^ H_ =ÒQ OK~O K<_.
F ~[#~! ''|=~~= "^# Q} O`=# K@
JQK# D ^=# KKHx, ''D ^" <#...J# JO==# P~Oz,
D ^$=#O^ ''YO J# #O H~ "`KO__"_ *# ^$+ '=~_
Jx JxOKO@<_x q JOîH Q~ K<#. Z=_< TK HeOK|_#
JyK KeHKHQ_? _. =# H =##HK XH_ `# T< Q
228
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
#Q~O, P #Q~O q"# g^, P g^ XH =Y"# Ô `#
=_O` "_, P "_ J<H Q^, iKiH# K_Q_ H^! J^ suQ
q=, [_=, OKùH= JQ D ^^ Z^~Q J#==Q
K<~. D [Q` z`= H WKK`< L^~OKK#k. WK #C_ J^$"
=K#k. OHOK_|_ XH ==Q D x~ ^$=O` q^
~=#< ^$=#=QK#k.
F ~=KO^! D [Q` #tOz#O` =Ò K` WH_ #tOKÔ@ Un ^.
H Wk =$k Ok#\H JkH=^n ^. $Ô =#K xiOK |_ Uk
#tOk? Uk =$k KO^Òk? O H#|_# XH K@ YO_O|_` #tOK^q
LO@Ok? z# `= P@ J<H H# KO@ LO\~ KK"?
P@ O^ HiO` ^= =O\" J*#r= OiH J#".
D [Q` x~O`~O =#K HeOK|_K#k. WO^*O HxOK ==
#tOz< Un #tOK#@, WO^* `=Q D [Q` H Pq~= u~"K
U=iH Uq x LO@Ok KC? U^` ^~xH ^, J\k H\ `"` U=#k?
HH` U=#k?
H#H WC_ KC...! D OK=# ''~=H= `= ZK@?
J^= ^`#O ùO <= #u I
<" ^Y H OQ ==` II (~ 45, 39)
ZC_ J`#\ ^xH <#"q\? '<#= J<^ H` WH J ^x
QiOK< ZO^ ^dOKe? ~^ ^" L# ^xH <#" ^ H^!
Jq<tQ ^" h" LO_Q, WH h= ^dOKk ^x H~? D [QÒ` |"
J~=O_Q, WH Y ^Y= HQ=# <=#k?
q*#^$+ - WC_ qAH J=Q## H_HiOz K`#, q#-
'J` J~ L#^xH x =$^ PkOz ~H= O^@O ~
H_ QF@=, L`x~` J#=O O^@O =O\k =`".
J`=, x~O`~ [## =~} #= J~=# D ^$[Q` qA#"iH
Ja+OK=#^n LO_*^. ^ ''WÔ` |" H^! J# J=Q#
O^@K "~ ^xh `lOK=## O~} _ O^H LO@<~.
''Wk QOKe... Wk `lOKe J#@ `y#^n "iH WH_ aOK@^.
''D <=~`H=Q q= J`. W^x Jk#=Q |= ` Jx
QOz# A_ WÔ` K _ Z\ Y ^Y= # JQ@^. XH
F u H~}O G 229
J*x D [Q`#O^ ''Wk "=" J# |kHeyO_@K, WOê ^~=

q<#=# Kz JOÒ_ ^Y=# O^K<_.

xt`"# |k` D K q+O QiOz zOK! U ="` "^@Qx,

z=~Qx LO_@^, Jk D =~=#=#O^ _ 'x^ JQK#k.
J`# W+_"xH ~` J` HxOk. ` =~Q#_ LO\Ok.
[O uaOaOK PH=#, #H`=#, KO^=O_=# Kz, ''D
PH=, KO^_ "^#=h [O< LO_ L<~... Jx `z, "\x
@H#@ Q[ D`Q# e~.... Z=~<...? XH J=H _ `!
A [O Uk L#^ Uk ^ `. qA PÒ^ L#^xx,
x^xx "~ KQQK<~.
D OzH ==, 'J~#O. Wq Y= J# J =Ò Hey
=<~. J\ ==K O`+O^K, P# Q_" =#=_ z=~
^Y=< O^K<_Qx, Y=# H^.
H#H, ~=! h= `=# =# q_n LOKe. q_n îOKe. q_n
PkOKe. ~^=< x~O`~O P~Oz LO_.
J*#^$+K OK^xH H` KO^=^. ^xO^ J#~Q=Qx,
<~=Qx HeyO_=^.
J*#~ÒQ ~kH` =OzO_. ''WÔ` `=Q |"
Jx Ziy# `~"`, =#=# O``# g_O_^= QH!

^= " H\M#O q+ qK~} =O

(`q^= ~A qK~} i J~Ok)

230
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
^= ~A
VI. ^~M#=
(~O qK~})
1. r=#_ u, Q}=, Q`
N =+ =i: D ^= ~A qK~} ~OO, ^~M#O "tOK
=O^ D 'uH~}= W\=~ =#O KiOz# q+= XHi WOHH
H}O #Oz qHÔ.

F ~=KO^! H ZO` ~=}OQ#, JÒ` "=OQ# HxOK D '<

KOk#q Jx K|_ ''^#=, =*=, `, [# "^#=h 'OH
#Q~= #Oê ^~==O\q. T =z`#> Jq _ =z`
LO@<~. H}HO HxOK WO^*OQ, '=$Q`$+x `~OQ=x
q^==~OQ D ^#`[#Q$=*^@ O|O^=h
U~_K<~. J\ ^$ q+ LO> U=Ok? O> U=Ok? O
x O@## ~ =`" =##O KO@ ^Y= O^`~" Qx,
qA =Ò H^. ''="O K` U"" K=`~ q+ Ju~OK@K
Z=~ dOKQ~ KC? 'q+Q= @, '<k J# ~O Q ==H~^
@ - J#~Q= Hey LO_@... J##k z=~ =_`= "H îfOk.
D Q=#, g\ ~=#=# Q=x#C_ *xH "~Q" HQ
K#k. J*xx J=h H}O =O KHx, Ju`~ ^d`xQ K"<~.
F [#~! ^<^ "^#q #tOKK# =O Y^M# O^
=# x^x Q~K<#. W=h D ~A HH~<, U^ XH ~A '<#O
J# ux `H O^=K<~. = Hey# "iH Jq #~H `= JQ
K<~. H|> ÔQ=Q =` "\@ ~^ q~H Hey =i<~.

OH #Q~= : XH_ `# TO^ XH #Q~=# HeOz, JO^ =*=#, [##
`# OK~=# T J#==# O^@.
F u H~}O G 231
H#H q~O` '`` A H"e. JO^ `=# P~Oz LO_O_. D

OKO U ^~= q#+=QK<, "\@ 'LH Hey LO_O_.
JO`Qx 'JH H^.
H== - Oz#"\x =Ò q LO_O_. *# =ÔQ<
''J=# "\@ WKO_@ Oz# "\@ J#~Q q^+=
Hey O_O_@... J##k ^# K LO\~. J=@ U~_K#
WK 'H== J^ Q `=. Jk D OK=# r=# `# WK =z#@
qO*Ok. K#~=# ''x~Q =kOK `= = `~_Òk.
g~O` D 'H== q+O JÒ` *Q~ LO_e =!
*#=O` H"e. J*#=# K@ W=_^.
D [# HO^~ ''OK~`=Q |= Qi =K~O Hey
LO@#\H, O, J=` LO_H=@O K` D 'O~_O|~= H
=OK## Q~~Q@^. J\ =``K "~ ^~~ =##, n#^#,
q<#=# O^K<~. JO^K` =O^Q === J~#"_ D ^$
OK=x O@# @, ^~= @ 'ux x=iO*H"e. JO^
H U^< ~"^. ''~=~``=` _# x~|kx OkOK#
"_ =`" WH_ "=Ô OQO_ `## `# ~HOKO@<_.
Z=_` ''D [QÒ` J`= Jx Ziy#"_ = ^~= #O_ ''L~u
(withdrawal) O^`_, J\ q"Hx q^ J~=# D Jq^ Uq K^,
K^ _. ''D ="# [Q`, z=iH <# _ XH ~|=#

~=Q Hey<=... Jx x~OKH#"x |k, WH WKJxK#
OQ#, =ÔQ#, JÒQ# `lOz "Ok. J\ |kx
OkOK#"_ D O~ =^=# =#Q_.

F ~"! '=H=J=H= ~O_O\ =^ "Oz# ^ |

^=# =O^Q Z~Q=. J\ `Q`~=< ~^ P~Oz LO_. WH
D JO`~ [QÒ\"... g\x QOK=^, `lOK=^. ^ ~|
~" h=... <#... D [Q` _. J@~ LO_Q, D 'QOK@`lOK@
J# "^#` x U=#k?
~q~H, O`+, Ja=#~`= HeyO_=. 'PH= = ^x
O^# 'PH H LO_. J@ D OKO ^`ÔQ ==i LO_.
232
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
'WK, JxK D ~O_ _ #\ `` *x ==~= K L#\H, J`x
|k U =Ò 'e= J=@O ^. H== h L#\H P h~ H==#
JO@Ò^? _= h L< _, h\x _=H ~x<=? ^ H^!
PH ~`"# h =# WOk`=Q ''îOK@q#@ $tOK@
"^# HO^ #K#^? J~` Hh. h= =Ò ZC_ P`x+_"
LO_. JO`~OQ=#, WK~`_" "QO^KO_=. ''Wk <k... J# =#
U~_K#C_ ''Wk J` H^ J# J=Q#` D ~=# î LO_.
XH" U =O^< '|=~ "^# WOk~=@ Ja=YO H=#
J=~O U~_#^#H... "\O^ h =# `Q#_^. h= "\O^
x=Q_= HO_^= QH!
WKJa=#=""= "^#q O_ LO_@" "="# JO.
WOk"~=# x~i LO_... ^ KH LO_. Uk U"<...''WÔ`
r=x H H#. J\ H# H~ H JQK# D r=_ ~^ x+_,
^_ JQ ~|" J~=<_ J# ^$+x ~~KH"e! ZC_`
'WOk~= J~#\ D | ~~ ~ QO^= h ~zH~=
HH LO\, JC_ hqH *# q*#O#_" D O~ =^=# ^\
"#> J=Òk. J\ u h= D [Q` `k`~= OKi<..., H ~O
`lOz =kx+_"<... ~"^. J\ J=Q# Ok# `~"` WH P
h= h=Q H~H#H~#\H, '=H J##k J<OQ x# qOKQ^.
H|\ ~=! ''~`= ^ H~ *#"~Q=# P~OK. L`=
[K "<== #O_ h z`=# "~ K~.
XH #kx ^\O> '<= H"e H^! J\Q '[ J< <H# ZH '"#
J# [=` xO_# D O~Q~=# ^\"=K. J@ [#
P~OKx"~ O~Q~O =xy`<~.
=O^Q h |kx q"H"~QHO K~. fH=OÒ K~. ~=
^~`=, L`=O`= J~# |k` P``` =# qKiOK. P `~"`
'`^= #O^ "tOK. *#=K 'i=i`= J~# z`= H"_=Q=.
|k=O`, ``"` JQ =` Z@ qi<~ J\ J=Q#`
_Hx h= _ qiOKe Qx, XH =~x= H^ =! x``$,
=n~, r=# Z@ K<~, U L^= Hey LO@<~, U
J~=# Q<~ h= ijeOK, Q=xOK.
F u H~}O G 233
JO`Qx, ~ =OKQ (Those who are deceptive towards themselves as

well as towards others) J^$+Q"i PK~} h `Q^.
D OKO '[Q`|= ^~"q\ Ziy#\ =` L<~.

"~ q^, ` "^# L`~` _# ==# Qx, Ja=#=Qx,
j^` _# Hi u+# Qx "OzOK~, WKyOK~, `lOK~.
# "\x =Ò J#i LO\~. ''W=h q^~... Jx +OQ
Ziy LO@<~. q^~"#q ~=~~=# ZH_< `z @Q"?...
^. J\ =` ~= #tOz#C_ _ d# HH LO@<~. WO^x
L^#=#=# _ "ix PHiOKQ H ^. ~Q"#x= "~ G
^" L#\ `= xux `lOH LO@<~. J#Q `= qkOz#k JOwH
i x~i<~. ''q*#= J# =Oz ~kx xqO K#"~ z`,
^= J# ~^=# Jk~Oz b=ÒQ OK=O`\ qi<~.
F ~=KO^! J\ =`~ q*#= h W\H Oz#k =! H#H
KH\ x=` |k|=K '*#=#O^ `_" O_=. `H=Q
'P`^$+x J=OaOzO_=. Ja=# =`~= x"_" D q
qiOK. Jk ~`==Q 'k Jx K|_Òk. z`_" ~H
Jf`_=Q=. ''q+H`H=K gHOKe J# HiH x"_" LO_. JO`H~}O
#O^ ~=Oux Ok#"_", H#OQ, #OQ ==iOK.

D "H= N~=x JO`H~}=# x~`K aO*~. J`x

$^= Ju =^~=Q '*#= J# J=$`=K xO_~Ok. J`_ ~
KO^x= O`=# O^_.

2. |O_= K=`~O
N~=_: =`! ~^~*! "^"ÔQ= ~"#\ `=H x~
=K#=K q`_#QK# <# WC_ ~~=# _<<#. J<H
L=#= O` q~ = $^=O^ ~=~ H=Q
'P``` =# HtO*<~. `= +"H= ZO`Q q#\H < `xq
f~@O ^.
234
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
q~ W`~= ~[uH`=H r=*` OQO ''|O_=
Lù QiOz Hx q K~. "^, ~}=# =}OQ fHx q~
K# q+ HH, =iHx q+ =iHO` +` H~H KO_.
D |O_h Z=~ Z=i H~ U LÔ` xi<~? g\ ~
JkH~ Hey LO@#k Z=~? W=h L#^H_? ZO^? D |O_ P=
L#k Uq\? D HQu JO` #_K#k, D ~H# #k Z=~?
WÔ` Z\H q<#= H##k? WH_ $+, = =H~}"q\?
J D [Q` `"#^k? J`"#^k?
D q+h ^$+ @Hx D |O_= ~K< K=` $u QiOz
OHOQ K=#kQ i<#.
N =+=i: J<H |O_= L^qOK~... QuOK~. <\ H J<H H
=Ok |, "Hk <~}, OH~ QuOK~. WC_ |O_=#O^
J<H q^=# PK~qK~^ Hey# ^=~H^ qi<~. J> u
XH |O_= J<H s`Q ==~~o [~QK#k. XH H=#O^
=i qq^H= O^ U~_K#\ J<H |O_= J<H r=
[xOK~. | "^Q =+ $+H~K xiOK|_# |O_= D r=
Lù XH qz`"# WO^*== XCK#k.
D $+h XHC_ =~xK xiOK|_K<~. =~HC_
|^=_ g\x ~zOKO@ `<_. "~HC_ =# K`#, q+= K`#
W=h ~zOK|_K<~.
Hx |O_= |^=_ H==#O_ L^q<~. =~HC_
[=Oz |_K<~. J\Q JO_= #O_, PH= #O_ _ Hx
|O_= L^qOK@O [~QÒk. XH |O_= =~_, =~H
^x ~_, WOHH ^x WO^_ J> q+= =i `k`~ P |O_=
x `k`~ ^=` PkÒ =Oz LO_@O [~QÒk.

XH '$+ O^ D q JO` "@"^\Q =$H=K "" LO\Ok.
=~HC_ =#+K`, ~`=K` PHqOK|_Òk. XH =O_=
=\=O, =~H\ t=O, WOHH\ ~y=O, J> ~=OQ#
LO@<~. F ~=! JO`^H ^xH...? =# D |O_" fH... WO^ Z<
P~H~"# [Q` L<~. J> `k`~ |O_= q+O _. Hx
[Q` XH ~x H= =`" H^, =iOHn U =Ò ^. Hx\
F u H~}O G 235
J 'H= J##^ ^. P! |" ~=Q Q D =HO

=^[Ox `~OQQ Zx |O_= L`#=`<~! Zx ~
<~! =Ôx H~\ JO` ZH_? Z_i Zx =$Q`$+ L<
HOz K^=~? ÒQ_ K@ HK Z#x, Zx~x K=O\=?
~=Ò^ D OK= J#OÒY H\ `=`<~. WOH...
~H~}=x `~}=# (ô~}=#) H@=K<"! ~|=#
Q D KOK [Q` ==# =Ò Z=~ H@Q~? =~HO J#O`
OY ^=, ~H~Q \, OKiOz, #t~ KK"? x~O`~O L`#O
J=`, #tOKK#\ D $+ == Z\#O_ H#QK< K@O
Z=i `~O? J~`, ''D J#O` [Q` "~ ==~=O` J<k, D ~=
~|"... Jx QOK. ^K =# JO^*|_K# q=~} J^.
PÔ`~`"# D $+ x~O`~O `~OQ== i< L#k.
D $+H =O^ ~$+ L#k... P ~$+H< =O^ WOHH $+
L#k... P WOHH $+H< =O^ "~H $+ L#k... P "~H $+ HO> =O^
=~H\ LO_< L#k...
W@ D ==~=# JO`^, LO_^, #k `~OQ Q< D ~
J~=#k }H@ qq^*`h _`<~, #t<~. |^=x
H D |O_O =O\", XH O=`~=x H}==, "k |O_ \
W`~" HQ~O He~. D |O_h u Hey#k ZH_?
J< Ou q^< =~=#s~H
< |=~ q`` |}^. ( 22, ~ 47)
F ~=KO^! ~ JO`~OQ=# Ju H;OQ '|^= J##k
"Oz#k. J\ P`^= H |=#O^ W=h u Ok<~. J\
$Ô`~OQ"... ''$Ô_sH=, |~=, |@}=... Jx _
GH~ <~.
J#Q, '$^" |O_= u #= Jx Q<= H^! W=h
|~O ^$=#" LO@# =! PH=O^ |O \, #tOK
K#@, D |O_= _ L`#", uOk, #tOz =@O [~QÒk.
=\< 'O_ J##k L#k H^...! q` H JO~=#O^ zQ~ ^y
L#k H^...! J^ qÔQ |=#O^ `-=~=#-q+` H $+ ~O~
h L<~.

236
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
J~` XH K=`~O. qH~H# D $+ ~O~, D uH...
W=h `` *#O O^#O`=~ =`" |=#O^ W@ ^$=#=`
LO@<~. J '|O_= J#Q Uq\?
'JAK, |=#O^ 'J^ K|_, îOK|_K#k. Jx~Kh=,
q^ ~= J~#^ D |O_ ==~=... Jx K|_Òk. J*#=
+Oz L#O`=~ P J*#=# J#iOz D [Q`h OK|_`, +O
|_K `lOK|_K<~. `` *# ^$+ Wq U H=O^# < =.
'T HxOK =^ u ZH_? JO` ZH_?

3. *x WÔ` Z\ K<_?
P! Uq qzÒ! `~OQ Q< H}OQ~"# PH$u Q D $+
= z`qz`=# ~=`, } qz`"# K+` _ L<~
H^! J~` *x g@x\h =~H qt+"# ^$+` K<_. P`x J=Q##
J#iOz W=h ~=` HO> "~#q H=. ~=` WÔ`!
'~=` #O_ D $+ ~O~ ^~q<~... J< "HO J*#K
`= JO~ J=Q# H~}OQ =`" U~_Òk. ZO^HO> WH_ kf
"#k U^< LO> H^, XH^x #O_ =~H\ L^qOK@O!
[=HO> =~^~ "~? PzOK "xHO> 'PK# "~#^? "=
[=HO> "~#"? qOK"xHO> =# "~? =$H= HO> ^x H=, P,
+=, HO_= "^#=h "~ Jx J#@O Z\?
^~xH *xHQx, J*xH Qx... D $+ |= HO> "~Q WOHH_,
=iOH qÔQ# aOKk H^.
J"H$` PH= #O_ D ` xi`=# ''s~= "^#q,
=i H;` xi`=# 'WOk= "^#q, `H# = ^~=
L`#=`<~. W=h _ H;`` =` (|O, ~, ~O, ~O, QOÔ
- `<`) Jq<= O|OÔ Hey#" LO@<~. P Jq<= O|O^" $+.

WH_ $+H O|OkOz K|_# Hx G, ~} =K#= Lî#.
q#. Jx\H< =O^Q XH =O PH= =O O^Òk. JO^
Oz '=+$+ J# == Q '|^=_ J# `` = L^~Ok. ''J<H
F u H~}O G 237
^~` _# D $+ J# ~O H"_# << J# JO=" |^=x

H x[~O. J`_ '*u Jx, 'PHA_ Jx _ =|_K<_.
XHC_ "=#O^ U~_K# ==K =+ $+ JOHiQ
*u Pq~qOKK<_. JO^K`, J`_ '"A_ Jx K|_K<_.
J\Q Jy #O_ =O O^@K P *ux '`[_ Jx, $kq #O_
=O ^ *uH 'i_ Jx, [= #O_ == Ok#
*uH '"iA_ Jx ~}HOQ K|_K<~. D PH= "=
[= Jy $kq J#|_ S^ `= ~O_Q qlOK|_, =~ "\
XHH\ <Q qQ=Q K|_Ok. J@ qH=# XHH Q=
(52440 XHH\) J~QO <Q Q=O^ K~|_Q J\ qQ`
J~Q= #O_ |^=_ L`#=QK<_ J`_ =+ $+ WK~_
(The form of universal will). J`_ q+` HOx [Quh X#~K<_.
<~}_ - W`_ O=. W`x [# =iOHn H~}O H^. ""xH

[#~`_Q D`_ [O ^= `~OQOQ Pq~q<_. H =K
W`_ ~ `k`~ ==~= H~}=. H|\, W`_ 'PkH~}_Q "^
"ÔQK uO|_K<_. D r=x H Pk ~" J`_x QOK. J`_
$^" ''PHA_, "A_, `[_, "iA_, i=_... J# *`
[##"#k. <~}x =Y= #O_, ^= #O_, "#H QO
#O_, $+= #O_, <`= #O_, ^ #O_...W\ U^ XH Q=
#O_ D <=~^h L^~<~.
P <}_ J#|_ Pk ~+x H <aÔ #O_ XH H==
L`#=QK#k. P H== #O_ ^=_ L^q<_. JO^K` J`_
'Â_ J# ~` OK|_K<_.

N~=_: q ''r=x H ^ ~" J~ L#\ P <~}x H

<aH== #O_ '=+ $+... J# ~OQ |^=_ Pq~q<_ H^!
J@ Pq~qOKk Z=~? <~}_<? H =iOHH~?
N =+ =i: (H# #=`...) F ~"! ''<~}_ |^=xQ i}u
KO^K<_... Jx `K_^ =! ZO^K`#O\"? XH ^= ``=Q
~= ` `H#Ô` Ou =O\^. Wk q^~K<KH=, =<He`
~[== '= J~=#k.
238
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
<~}_ r=x ~OH= =O^ L#\ ^ ~=.
|^=_ J<H L^# OHe#\ P <~}x (H D r=x)
=+ $+ OH=.
""xH ~=` ^x`# Z\ OQ== U ==O^# x"_.
J`_ Jkf_ (D r=x ^~=# J`_ "~Q =~H_ ^). =i,
J\ P ^``= (<~}_) #O^ P~[#H=, kf= J~#\ D $+
[xOK@ Uq\? ^. '= H H~= =`" H#H '~+x <aH==
#O_ ~+_ L^qOK# J# ==~=O` x =<~[= =O\^. D
q+= QOz, P <K K|_ $+ q q#-
=~HC_ x~HO =# H HK U^ qQ= (L^: |OQ~
~OQ q~l= =#= "II) OHeOK|_Q, JOÔz $+H~Q |
^=_ Pq~q<_. WOHHC_ =~+Q"~ [=#O^ g~= LOKQ
P g~= #O_ q J# ^" H q=Q |O_" |~`=`#k. J\
'^= #O_ |^=_ Pq~qOz#C_ 'Â_ Jx K|_K<_.
XHC_ ~H=x XH _ D HO '| JQK<_. =~H
i ~H=x =~}_ Qx, "=Qx D HO $+H~Q '| Q
JQK<~.

WÔ` J@ LO_x=, =~HH}O #Oz J =, J#Q,
~=~OQ K, |= #O^ ''| ZH_? |= |=Q< LO\Ok
Qx =iOHn Z#_ |=#O^ L`#=Q@^.
D qÔQ GH~K qq^ s`Q |^=x qz`"# L`` QiOz
K|_#k =iOz K#. JO` q<= H^! J~` "~ Lù O^
'x== J##^n <^. |^=x $+Q< `k`~=Q ~= H $+
_ 'x== J##k O_< U~_Òk.
=<q=`= - JO` q# `~"` =YOQ XH q+O QOK :
=<q[$O}qÔ *``=Q` I
O^< =` $+H= L^$` II ( 48, ~ 47)
D ''OK= J#|_k =# H q= =`". Wk WH_
=Y"# Ô`=. D q+O h= KHQ QOK\xH qq^ $+ H==O`
K#. D uH, ~[H, `=H r=*` _ =<q =Ò K`<
F u H~}O G 239
Oq<x QOK. ZO`=~H` D =# =OQ #tOKO_ LO\O^,

JO`=~ D $+q<#=, Y^Y=, *#J*#=, |O^"H
Oq< LO\~. D $+H~, `q+`=~=# H J
==, "\ @ `=# =~ =~ L`#=@O, qOK@O
[~Q`< LO@Ok.
=# Jx\H =O. nO "Q@O ~OaOz, J~=Q PH~= Hey
O_ =~ ZC_ qOk KK"? J> |^=_ "^Q K`~Y
PH~= U~_@O, qOK@O... WÔ` H= H "Qu` =" Hx
=iOHq H^.
nO HO< ~Ok. WH |^=_... k^~O`=# JO`~#
=QK<_. J#Q ''^ `H$u ~OKQ P`_ _ qOKK<_. D Wî
Ô H~}" Qx =iOHq H^.
H<= - ''H$```^~He Q =~=~ Oq<~.
J\Q KH=}OQ D [Q` =<~... `<~... ~A Q=
H=... =#O`~= g\ ~O~ XH^x "#H =~H\ Q =~ =~
U~_K<~. ~A ^~K#> H~==O` =~ =~ OqOk. D
[QÒ` iz#=Q J<H ^~=` _ LO\Ok. r= 'P= J#
Qe" =~ =~ D [Q`H =z=K<~.
QQ H|_Q H}H}_ 'W#=^ = ÔQ< JyH}=
LO_ LO\~ H^! z^H=# D = ^~= =OQ D
[QÒ` ~=Ò^ `Q LO_ LO\Ok.

4. D OK= ZH_ #O_ =zOk?

z`# U= ~` #~^ "^$H$u I
^*` ~ n#`q= K<` II ( 58, ~ 47)
~`H=Q K`#O #O_ U^k q=~=QK#^ (|_K#^) JÔ`
z^" J=Òk Hx, =iOHq H^. ''~=` #O_ $+ U~_K<~...
J##Ô` ''HO\^+=K qhHO ~O_= KO^x K_@O =O\k =`".
240
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
D $+ JO` K`#= #O_ Pq~qOk. J\ K`#=#O^ Jk 'u Hey
LO\Ok. KO^H~}= KO^xHO> "~Q HxOz#O` =ÒK` ''KO^_
"~, KO^H~}= "~ Jx J#Q=? ^. D H#|_ $+ _ K`#= HO>
"~#k H^. J~` ~H=O`_Q ~=` =O 'JOQ=, Jkf= J~
L#k H^! J\ ~=` O^ H#|_K# D OK= "== H^. H
=K ^+ WÔ` W@ îOKK<_.
JO^K`, ''D OK= ZH_ #O_ =z#k?... J# =YO H^.
''W@ ^ ^$+K |=# |^Q k`=` _# [Q^#==# =`"
<# ZO^ iq`_#QK<#? J##k =Y"# .
''[Q` J#|_k z`==# a#"#k H<H^. J<H [# ^~=
H ==K`< D r=_ ^+`=Q ''[Q` "~, <# "~, |= "~
J# ^$+` QOK@O [~QÒk.
~H=O`_Q ~=` `#O^`< W@ ="`_ ''[Q`^+ J#
H~ $`=# =Q X_Q@K<_. J`_ J@ QOK@O |K=`~"#
q+". Jk zk=, Jx~Kh= Jx K|_Òk. J~` D [Q`,
WOê z`qz`=# =*#=O W=h _ = J#|_ uH
D= =`" LO\~. P= LO_=. U r=x ^$+ OK==O` ~Oz
`#^ J`xH 'OK= J##^ x q+=QK#k.
Z=i ^$+ D [Q` ^, J`xH |O^"H_k? |OÔ xK@, WH '"H=
H H _ LO_^ H^!

F ==f! ~=KO^! *x H ^$+ D [QÒ` |" J~ L#k.
U qÔQ Kz< ~ 'OKO x^ Jx +_`< L#k. J~` J*x H
^$+H =Ò D OKO '"= ~= x~O`~O LO_ LO\Ok.
'q^ J~#\H D OiH= x`"#^x= J*# J#`
=Òk. WH_ P` ^$+`_#^ LO\Ok. '^$+ L#O`HO = LO\Ok.
[Q` LO\Ok. H#H XH ~HOQ WÔ` x`"#^ H^! x`"# ^xH $+ Uq\?
u Uq\? "q\?
[Q` H Lù-q<#= QiOz Hx Ja :
1. g=O H JaO (#~ù "Ô) - 'D [Q` L^~Ok.
HO`HO `~"` #tOk. =~ _Òk. H#H WÔ` Lù q<#=
F u H~}O G 241
#~ù Hey LO\Ok. "O =O^`# [O #O "#H\ h~

H}O "tOk.
P qÔQ `~OQ`ÒQ ÒQ H#|_K#@ D OKO _, XH
q+O `y# H}" =~H q+O '^$+ O^ "tOKKO_@K, 'Lù
q<# Ò J##n "=". ^$= H LxH ^$ K<", '[Q` U^
~=# ^+@ LO_< LO@, 'x`= J##k _ "=" JQK#k.
2. H}H"^ JaO (H}HO) - ''D [Q` J#H}O #tOzÒk. H}H}O
=~KO^x ==O@ WH_ Un ^. #~=, H}O qÔ"O^ 'q^`
=O\ ^~= W=h.- W@ `= `k`~ =K#= x~}~O J<H
"^"^=` ukOK|_ H}H ÔÒ _ Lz`".
=OK h\ [aO^= H}H =`" '^+ Z^~Q LO\~
H^! XH<H [aO^"" H}HO. [`~OQO J#H}HO. J\Q XH<H^$OQ
H}H" J~#\H ^$~O~Q J#H}H"!
3. OY "^# "i JaO (''~"Ô) - ''WH_ KO^_ ~_
HO_ "^Q#q ~OQ< LO@<~ H^! H|\ WÔ` ~". D r=_
~~_ Qx, XHC_ LO_, =~HC_ LO_x"_ H^.
'` ^$ KK=#H, WH_ Z=~< U^< =~Qx, K~Qx
O^K<~? ^! XH_ O U '` J~ L<_, WH, #|k UO_ `~"`,
U|k UO_ `~"` _ J^ '` J~ LO@<_ H^! H#H '~"^= _
=~H H}= #O_ Lz`" JQK#k.
'` ~" J~#@, J^x ^$O^~< K=`~= ~"!

~=, He`= - WH =~H q+} q#.
^~xH ~=` UH=, J#O`=, Jx~Kh= J~ L#k. J\
=#`=Q ~=Ò^ OHe`=Q = *=O` Z\ LO@Ok KC?
ZH_ LO@Ok? H#H |O #O^ ^~*= LO_*^. J\ ^ ~|"
h H < H D ~ H "= ~"#k.
WH D ^$==~=O\"... D == =~ =~ Oq< LO@Ok.
D [##=~}=, Y^Y=, H~}H~=, W=h P` ^$ =. Hx
s~==# ^$ Wq LO@< LO@<~. =~ =~ HQK<~.
PHO ~_ =~ =~ L^~#> D r=x $Ô P =~
242
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
=~ zQi<~. D PHO, ~`=, =^=, `k`~ $+... W=h
Qu =~ =~ L`#=`< L<~. J^ suQ ^=`, ^`, WO^_,
=~}"= "^#"~O` =~ =~ L`#=`< L<~. H=,
HO`~=, OQ="H= "^Q H =~ =~ Oq< L<~.
D $kq _ J<H~ #t =~ L`#=QK#k. ~ KO^ =~
=~ L^q<~. HO^~ r= ~= #O_ `= H }O H=Q@K
=~ q _K<~. q x=OK HO^~ r= }OQ ~^
K~K<~. D $+ ==~=O` =~ =~ =Ok, Òk. J<H=Ok
WO^ JkH~O i JQ@K H` "~ ZO^~ =z WOÔ#O Jk+<~.
J<H~ H$`Q uQ` HeQOK H+Ò K|_K<~. J<H
H= î`<~.

5. OKÔ` W`~ J#Q`"!

Z=xH U W`~ JO U~_ L#^ P J= ##iOK J`x
OH= LO@<~. OH=# J#iOK J#== ^ ^ U~_
K<~. XH =O WÔ` ~q#OQ#, JÒ` ~OQ#, `lOK@
J~"#kQ# LO\Ok. =~HC_ W^ [Q` J<H P`, O^~"# q+=
` L#@ îOK|_Òk. q+~O~~=Q D =# XH<HC_
tk"# PH$ux îOz `# H [##=Q H``=#O^ qb#=QK#k.
=~ =# [Q` ==# qiO*Ok.
O J~# `~"` =~ $+ ~OO J=Òk. JC_ =~ =
^~= L`#=`<~. =~ D [Q` KH= = iqOK@O ~Oa
Ok. n~=~"#\ D'== H P_O|~O 'Wk W@ x~~OK
=K#... J#^y# `==Qx, J`==Qx Uk ZH_ L#k? H#K ~zO
|_#\ PH~O Hey# D O~ KHO = =O\^ =! ^~xH WÔ` 'x^
JQK#k.
F ~"! D [QÒ` J*#= K`< Jq~`=QK#k. <`^+O K`
PHO ZO^~ KO^ Hx#@ D [Q` WOê O@#, [# J<H
s`Q ^+ <~.
J<H qH=K D [Q` x~O`~O ""#k.
F u H~}O G 243
Jq^=#=Q H~ $`=K xiOK|_# WÔ` Jk#=Q = HO>

"~ H^. H|\ h= '[Q` ~OQ K WÔ` J`".
F ~=KO^! J 'D [Q` `= J< =_|k h ZO^ HeyO^
KC? # ^$", ~^xK U^ XH\H ~= qOQ|_=K#^ H^! J\
D [Qk<= Kz = O^=# <q ^.

244
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
VII. ^~ H^#O
1. ^~_ z` qÒ
N =+ =i: F ~=KO^! D [# HO^~ J<H H==~=
`=#H LO@<~. Q~=K "i |k #tOz LO\Ok. e`"q\?
"~ `=# `" =OK# KHO@<~. JO`H^ W`~# _ '=OK#^$+`<
QOKK<~. =i, J\ "~ `==Q ~=`# îOK@ Z\ KC? "iH
O`` P#O^= J#H}O ^~" JQK<!
` ~OQ`|îOk~ =jH$` I
` U<O *QfO =O x H~a=` II ( 2, ~ 48)
Z=~` D |kx _ JuHqOz"<~, D WOk= =j`
HO_ LO@<~... J\ =` D [Q<# J~Kux O_= +OQ
QOKK<~. Z=~ ^Q, =QOQ, =~H==O` qK~}# P~Oz
LO@<~, J\ "~ D [Q<#, QQ Z~QQQK<~. = |x
=ê "#@, "~ D ~=# ~^ `lOz LO@<~. "iH D [Q` @
U=Ò PH ^. OzH HÒ ==i#\H "~ U=Ò |O^=#
`Q#~. Jy K` ^Q"# c[= =~ "H`Ò^? "i H '=#|k
z`=JOH~= (JO`~OQ K`+O) JO` *#=K ^Q" LO@<~.
WH J*x UO K<_?... s~H, =#H =^` ~", <_ ~ #tOK
D Ô HO =`" J`_ ` K<_. JO`Qx, P`^~}
H~ `" K_? J`_k QOz P`^~} H~H uOK QH!
D O~ KH= q+= @ uQx# "ix O`+O*\xH
HeO|_K#k. ''^~ H^#O Q ""xH WÔ` #".
N~=_: g! ''WÔ` ^~ H^#OQ Jx qK~ H^! J#Q?
^~x H^#=O> Uq\ ^K q=iOKO_.
N =+ =i: ~, h HC_ '^~M~H q=~OQ K`#. q#-
=Q^ Ôx XH UHO` ~` Ô '~=_ J< ~Q XH
=`_<_. P# `# ~`` XH P=O LO@ x~O`~O `
^<^# x~i LO_"~.
F u H~}O G 245
J`x UHH =~_ ^~_. P @O|Ox"~ "O` ZO`HO

J<#OQ He L<~. Q\x =ê "#@ ~=_, P`x ~
HH=OQ `= s~# `lOz Z\ "~. WH ^~_ èÔ_ qQO
K` ~=^YHO`_, k`KH P ~`= Q =#= O^, Q O^
zzQ OKiOKQ_. K ~A P qÔQ Q_z~. J^$
s~Q JH_ =#^=` P =x n# z`=# Q=xOK~. ''Uq@! D
"_ ^d Z< ~AQ z"_ u~QK< L<_!... J#x, *e
_Q~. `= =^ ~u|Q x[OQ, "]K` =Q~ u~QK# P
x =# =~x J#<~. ~ ^YO `=kQ qOK "iH ~~_
~^ J#ux k LO\_ H^!
XH L`= H}O =#^=` P ~"x` J^$ s~ ~@ OkOK~.
=#^=`: F = A_=Q =x=~! ^~! W^q@? J*x= h=
ZO^ ^d<" KC? D OK= H KOK="q\ h= WOH
QiOK^ Uq\? WH_H J<H=Ok r= =z [# Ok, HO`H= J@
W@ OKiOz, =~ Z\ "o=K<~. Wk J#k#O, J#H}O [~Q`#
`ÒQ" H^! WH_ u^~O '#tOK@ J# =O`< @K#k. WH_ [~Q
K# ==~=O` H;^$+`, q"H^$+` ijeOKe Qx, =~^$+` H^!
=O^Q h H ==~|kx i^~KH. P `~"` P
O@# QiOz x~ fH=K. WH_ =^Q '| "^# H
q<#"O^K<~? U^` @K#^ Jk XH<\H #tOKH `^...
J#@ hH=< OÔ L#^? JH~^. h Ò_ =~} q+" h= =~OQ
ZO^ H<" KC? J, [x#^=~? =~}#^=~? D s~=,
`Ò|O^= Ò HH =iOHq\? ~x Q L^~Oz# fk
JqOK=#^! J~`,
... qA D Oz# PH=# Z@ kxQ~KH#K<~? ...
J*# nxx ''"x Kux k = Z@ Jq` ~KHx "@
KO^K<~? D q+, Q=xOK. "@"^@ h ^$+x i^~KH...!
'q"H ^$+, L`=` _# ``=` ^=k`"# D P+x
kxQ~KH.

^~_ P =#^=` "H= qx T~@ KO^_. WHC_ z, `$
=~}#O`~O x~iOK=# Hx\h i K_. P `~"` } ^~=Q
246
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
` K@O ~OaOK_. "^=# J^#O K@O, "\ H J~
qK~} K@O, x+` JOê L`= =K#=# ^=Q#` PHoO K
H=@O "^# `=K J`xO^ H=H=OQ q`=Q 'uÒ
kOzOk.
J~` J`_ WOH# *=Q |=# qOu, J#== ~HOQ
ZiyO_H=@K J`x z`= '^ J^ qH=# Hey LO_k. ~=
q`=Q 'qOu J`xH JO` ^~OQ< LO_k. D ^$= `Q '^"
J~#\H J`xH =Ò 'J^= Q `KK LO_k.
L`=_ `# L`= `= #O_ q~q_? ^. P ^~_ _
OH=K XH K@# XH = K~_. XH HQ P#_ =~ `
K@O ~OaOK_. HO`HO Q_zOk. P ` _ J`xH 'i^^~=
J# q` ux kOK< ^.
J~` J`_ ZO`Q< =## '` #O^ xq#\H OzH"#
q+, O@#, = J`x |kx PHqOz LO_@O [~QÒk.
''WC_ <# UO Ke? < =# #O^ PHqOz# D ^$=`
U~_# O|O^=... J< ^+O #y^\? ~. ~`Q= K`< q``=
=iOK|_Q^x "^"H~O H^! JO^K` D < s~=< JyH `~}O
K#. JC_ Jy^=_ HxHiOz < =# H H#, ^+=# `yOK
=K. D ^~= <O^ U~_K# 'PH~} Jy^=_ "^_ ##
~HOKQ_... Jx zOK_. K@ #O_ HO^ ky XHK@ Jyx [eO
*_. `# [= #O_ =O=# H =O K@O ~OaOK_.
JC_ Jy^=_ 'W^q\? D _ WO` `yOK_q? ~, ^=`
HO~^"#\ Jy~=Q <O^ _K# D`x s~ YO_= =
HO_ QH! W`_ =#\ = ~s~_ O_QH! Jx OHeOK_.
|$u =O^ ~Q"#_ `H=~#@ Jy^=_ P ^~x =O^
He` s~= `H"<~.
Jy^=_ : F ^! ^~! h `Qx~uH, @^ "KO@<#! Uq
Hi WO`\ O K<" KC, h Ja=`"# =~O H~H.

U^k =#O K==O^ J=h Q=î` |k` 'Wk ^~"#k J# =#`
~QH`H ~ÒQ x~iOK@ ''i^ ^~=# JQK#k.
F u H~}O G 247
^~_: Ò_! ~=q` ~Q `= H HxH~= K`< H=

=#QQK<~. ==O\ Jr= ^=` H\HgH}# kO*
=h g~. g ^= JO\ "K<#. OQÔ_ }=O
K<#. HiOKO_.
=#"! }`#, J<H ^~=`# xO_# D '$kq ##
PHi`} KOk. < |k H}HO H+`=Òk. J\ D Z^~Q H#|_K
#\ $kqx `lOz"QQ |kx, Hx =~OQ kOKO_. D ~= `lOz
=$H= # JQ QH! h =<~^= kOK QH!
JO^Q#, h =~=# `[O "^# `# H#yOK. xq`
HO h =# i^=Òk.
W@ Pj~kOz JO`~#"<_. JC_ ^~_ XHK@ Jj#_ '<#
$kqx `lOz# "_##. WOê U ^~= < O|OkOz ^. <# WOê
U ^~=# O|OkOz#"_# H#... Jx =##O KQ_. J~< _
`$ aOK^.
JC_ Z`# XH HÔ|=$H=# Z#<_. P =$H= PH=# JO@K,
H" `# H=K 'KK J<H } PÔ HQ* LO_k. q
Jq`"# |kQ J`_ =]K@ q+Q"#x = UHQ zÒ` P HÔ|
=$H H= P`k H~ =~ ` K\xH P#_<_. =~ XH H}O
`# K@ @ iHOz KK_. P H}O J`x ^$+ =~ KOKÒ OkOk.
H`HO` K@ iH# J`x ^$+H JH_ #^, ~`=, x~HO, he
"=, ==, +==, HH~==,
|=, J~}=, ~=, q "^# "\` _# ==~=O` kh
xO_ HxOK~. "\K P`x |k ^$+ PHiOK|_@O H#Q<~OaOzOk.
XH H}O JÔ` iHOz K 'P! = ZO` K=`~"#k! < ^$+
i^==#O`=~ U = "o ~O> UO [#O? D q+" =#^=`
< Q~ K~ H^...! Jx PzOz HO` O` z`=` #=H<_. P
k #O_ `# ^$+x "#H =~e =~ ~` ~OaOK_.
Hx UO O? H=O H~HO_ O^ =`" ``~__. ~=~*x
HH_. '~=# O^@ =O\ = =`" J~_ HQeQ_.
=#H [O - JC_ ^~_ W@ zOK_- ''ZO` HO ` K
UO [#O? H~H== =# L`= [#"n < HxOK@
248
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
^. WOHq LO? Jx\H H~}O =# H^! H#H WH #O_ =#H [O
~Oa# Jx J#<_. =#`< Jy H L# ~OaOK_.
'J"^QO =~ Q J<H [Hx\h H=OQ PKiOK_. P =$H
H= g^< P#_ k O=`~ HO ^=` `~O XH ^x `~"` =~H\ Q
J<H =#H [=# x~iOK_. J\H J`x z`= H=OQ ~Q^+~Ò
HyOk. qÒ OkOk. u|O^H=h H~O K~. O~=
q`` O^~. z`= x~O HQ, J`xH *<^= ~Ok. *#=K
J*<=~}=O` z#"~Ok. "<==O` #tOzOk.

2. =#^=` à+
O`z`_Q P ^~_ P HÔ| =$H H= =#O =Oz<_.
XH ~A XH =#^=` Q O^~=` _# s~= îOz J`x Z^~Q
xz#k. =<~=Q =K#=` `# J~## W@ èOk.
=#^=`: i^_=, "H~_= JQ F =x=~! g [=QQH!
^~_: F H=H! h H uO K` =#^x _ qKe`x K
Qey#@ L<=. JO`\ O^~~t=Q h "=~=? D ` ~x < Z^@
ZO^ HìOK=?
=#^=`: =h! ''OKxÔ@ U^< LO>, JÔ` =`# gOz
JiOz` K, `H Ok... Jx ^ JO@ LO\~. =O^Q <<=~
K`#, q#O_. J<H HÔ|=$H=`#, JO^"# fQ`# a# D
=#Ox =#^=`# <#. ` =" < x"#O. D =^ Hk~A HÒ
[iy# XH O@# H~}OQ D ~A g =O^ =z z<#.
N ^~_: U= O@#? h Ja+ Uq\?
=#^=`: "#\ K`H `^t<_ ^=HOx #O^#=#O XH L`=O
[iyOk. P L`=O #\xH J<H ^= #O_ =#^=` =z ="
=~. =H=Oê =#^=`# ~=iOKK, "_H #@ Q#
<# _ "#. P 'H"`=O J<H=Ok =#^=` `= `# _
"O@@Hx J@ W@ u~Q@O KK#. "~ `= a_# =^ =^ =@`
eOK@O <HO` =K@ QeOk. <# `##. JO^K` < =# ZO`Q
HaOzO^ =@` K#. " `= ` Ji ze =@# qO@ H
F u H~}O G 249
P#OÔ H\ OK@O KK#. ''U<\H< <# J@ `# O^Q<? J#

PK# ## "kOKyOk. ''Uq Ke? Jx f=OQ z LO_Q, g~
Q~ =K~. ''P =x = ~~= H=$H= =O\"~... WH hHO
@... ~ JiOK... Jx `\ =#^=` ## LìK~. WH <#
`##x ^dOK=# <=#k?
F =`! < XH =~x kOKO_. XH" g~ < q#=#
u~i~? JO^ <# `y# x~" Kx =K#. W\HC_ WH_ 'Jy
x $+Oz JO^ D < ^=# Pu K@ ÔQ L<#. ZO^HO>,
''< W`~ ^=` = ` ~? J< ^YO iOK#. WO`H< =~}OK@"
Lz`=x <# x~OK<#.
P =x OÒQ JO` q<~. =` $Ô #=hÒ u"`Q
LO@Ok H^! P# *e Ok W@ eH~.
N ^~_: F =#^=`! `x H~H h= s~ `QxH _ ^_= H^!
O`+O. WkQ, D +=# HiOK. < ~A h XH KH\ =~_
HQ`_. h `Qx~uH `~}OQ J`_ =O^~=O`_ [QÀ_ J~
LO\_. =*# O#_Q J`xx Ok#O^ h [#~H=Òk.
=#^=` P =@ qx ZO` O`+OzOk. P |+ ^ $+Oz x[#
=# =~eOk. H=OQ =, |`=, O=`~= Q_zQ~. XH
<_ P =#^=` O_O_ =Q =~x "O@@x P =xx gOzOk.
=#^=`: =`! D "_ =# =~_. <# W`xx ~qÔ#xQ
fik^#.
^~_: K O`+O. q^h KHQ <i<_ H^?
=#^=`: <~_. Hx 'P`*#O =Ò W`_OH O^<^. Uk QOz#
`~"` WH r=_ D O~KHO `Q#_... J\ k==, x`k`
J=$`#O^== JQ 'P`~#=O W`xH kOK =#k. 'W`_
*x J=`_ J# g XH\ Pj~^"HO kO* ~#. W`xH g~ ^`
*<Ô KO_. g JO J~# W`_ *x H=@O g _ O`+H~"#
q+" H^!
^~_: J\Q JQQH! W`_ WH_ LO\_. WH h= ^xH "=K. h
=QQH!

250
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
`# Ò_, Q~= JQ P ==xx qOKO@ P _ ~A Q_
Q_. J<H H=# i Ò_ =^ J<H *# q+ q<"_. J<H
# LyOz ^~_ P`=`` x q^~ LO_"_. '`Q`
O^ x~O`~u HeyO_@ L=q\... J# q+= J<H H^,
O` OH+OQ Ki LO_"_.
He`=# J<H ^$O`=... H^"# Wu=... AQ
=h =K<, Ja... "^"Ô`x P Ô`=..,
"M<... J<H J~=# zOK H^... #", J=Q#... D
qÔQ J<H K=` $`# H_HiOz L`==K#= ^~ P`QiOz#
=K~O kOKQ~.
XH~A <# J^ #O_ H=x =O^Hh #k #O K\xH
|^~#. J^$~O PH=~O x<#. |+ =O_=
x '~HHO ^\, "K<#. HH`mOQ P ^~_, J`x =~_
L# QO "tOK#. ~u JQ@K HOK= qqOKx P =$H=^
QO "tOK#. O`=# z`_#Q < "iî O+} qxOzOk. P
O+}# h q=iOz K`#, q#.

3. M`_ =_ s~
^~_: F =~...! W\^ J~#\ =~H qO L#k. JH_ XH Ô XH
P~[#H"# O@# [iyOk. Jk K`#, q#...
P qO XH _ L<_. J`x ~ M`_ J`_ =H#
^_. Q N=O`_. [Q`h [~OKQey#O`\ =~O H"_. J`_
=*x _. H|\ J`x P[ |, WO^_ "^Q"iH _ t~^~
=QK<~. J`_ = Jx, Q ~H==O`_x JO^~ J#O@
LO\~. D =H Z=iH J`xx =O KH=@O JO` èH# x H^.
J~` J`x< JOMHOQ '=$` L<~. J=h Y^ LO@<~.
Z=~< `= _He` PH=# [~OKQ~? L`= ~H=j_Q
J`xx `= G|OK Z=~ [~OK~. k==Q J`x b =QOc~=Q

Y PH= M`_ J"H$`HO #O_ [xOz#"_.
F u H~}O G 251
LO@<~. J`_ `# `< ''= =<~^= O|OkOz# ~K#

K L<_. ''J`x T He` ~K< K=` $` P WO^q+OH~ _
TOK~...? - J#@ LO@<~.
J`_ ~" =_ s~= Hey LO@<_. JO^ XH\ L`="#k,
XH\ =^==, XH\ J^="#k. P s~= ~==~= x~iOKQ
=~= Hey L#q. qO@<" =~?
^~x `_: Ò_! qO@<#. WO`H J`_ L#k ZH_? D [Q` <? H,
@ WOHH_<<?
N ^~_ : q=Q 'J"H$`HO< J`_ us~î J~ L^qOK_.
J`_ L#k, J`x OK#= J"H$`HO<. J~` UO? J`_ `K q+=
O^ PH Hey LO@<_. U"" qkx+^=# P~Oz J<H uQ`#
îOKK<_.
J`_ 'J"H$`HO< ''|O_= J< #Q~O OQ =<HeÒQ
xiOK_. P |O_#Q~O 14 =#=K`, 3 H= ~OQ, 3 "^=`
_#^ aOk. JO^ KO^~ `~Qx n= "QK<~. P
|O_O J<H ~H~H# J =~<=~ LO_ L<~. J=h
T~J^Qu ~=` qe LO@<~. Ju q"#\ P |O_#Q~O
J<H=Ok ^=`#, =#+#, `k`~ r=# J`_ $+OK_. "~O`
[OQ=`H" ([xOK =O Q) ~O Hey L<~. q+= @ ^
HeyO_@K "~ q=_, P`HiK^ J~ L<~. "i HO^~
T~ Q=# xqOK|_~. HO^~ =^Q=#, =iHO^~ J^Q=#
xyOK|_~.
JO^ HO^~ K jOQ #tOz`<~. WH =iHO^~, K
HxH Qx <#O O^@^. P r=O` #\ H=`, #= ^~=`,
}-J# " K#=`, OK *<Ok=`, ~H=OqH`
xiOK|_ D uH L^` Hx<~.

=`_Q P ~A `# H =`~ =HK 'H==# _
~zOK_. P P`H=# 'PK^# ~O L<~. "~ 'P`*#
H= @ x`= c` LO@<~. J\ P`K^ H~=$`Q
K<~. "~ H~ =$`#O^ [#OQ J<H q^=# H_ q+=
L`#=QK<~.
252
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
`< |O_#Q~=# '$+H~ J~#\H P ~A OH=K #_OK
|_ J<H H;H~} s~=O^ ` _ qi<_. XH
s~O "tOz HOK= qiOz, WO`< P s~=# q_z "<_.
JH_ #O_ |î =~ WOHH ^=# P~<_.
J`x z`= ZO` KOK"#k. Jk XHHC_ 'q+` #Q~=# `#
O^ $+OKHx JO^ "tOz, JH_ J@W@ K~ K LO\Ok.
J`x z`= *Q`, +# `lOz q~z`"# HO "tOKK
q~O KKO__k. WO`< J`x P K z`= WOHH =O H}O ~
*Q` OH=h `lOz " ~=# q~OK#\ +
"tOK< H~ O^k.
JC_ P M`xzÒ H~ c[= O~ ~O LO_q. J=h
'=_`= J# JqÔ^ ^y LO_q. WO`<, =~ J`x@ z`=
L`#"#^, + #O_ z ~x H=OQ =~ *Q` ^# O^`
LO_k. P =O =~ J<H q~ H~H==# x~i LO_k.
P M`x F_OKQey# "~=~ ~. J~` UO? J`x z`= XHHi `#
K` `< F_` LO_k. 'J! <<H J*xx. <Hg è^. $`_#.
~= ^d`_# J# =# HiOz J`_ ZO`Q< ^d, "` LO\_.
=~HC_ W`~O J#`"# Y=# i 'WC_=h < "? J#
n#`= OìOKHO\_. 'W`_ OKOx ^Mh H~O LO_ =$H
~[=...! J#@ H#|_`_. #=~ +OK #@xQ P ==~=O` P
M`x z`= "# "+=.

=`_Q P M`_ `="_g H^. `KO>, "= =^=#
HêOKK#@, J`_ ^x<< [~Oz"Q_. JO^K` Hx ==
J`_ *Q`+x `=Oîh PHqOz"<_. P =O
D *Q`+ J`xH O^Q#, =O` ~[=Q# Ht
<~ Qx ~OQ H^. ^YiÒQ H^. JO` [~Oz, JO`
QOz J`_ XH =O JÒ` #_ d LO@<_.
J`_ JO`~OQ=Oê *u K`< Ht`_QK<_. J~#\H ==~
^$+ J<H =_`K i"+O|_K<_. ZO^H J#O` OY J`xx J<H
"^# g<~.

F u H~}O G 253
4. O~ Q~= qH ==~=
^~x =~_: Ò_! qÒ`H~}=s ! g~ ~HOQ, U^ `=#
uk#@ < HxOk. M`_ J< ~` g~ KCK# P ~A Z=~?
^~xH g~ Uq K^K~? q+` #Q~ x~}O J< ^QxH
J~"q\? D =~=#HO _ J`_ L<_? LO> ZH_<_? J`x
|O_= Z@" L#k?
'=~=#q+` #Q~=... Jx g~ J#@O HO` ~~ q~ÔQ#,
""[xÒQ# L#^x <HxOk.
^~_: =~! P q+h ^~~OQ K`#. ^Q qO>, D
O~= H `` "q\ h" Q=. D OK= J`=x, '~=~ `K
ije D [Q` <^h è*\xH xQ_~ ~O L# M`_ QiOz
q+= =iOz K#. WH J q+O q#-

M`_: J"H$`H= (A space where there tends to be no matter) #O_ L`#"#

OH`H=Q =# P ~` =#O KC<O. J`_ (J#Q =#)
OH=K [xOz# "# K`< ~= O^K<_. "# =#,
"<~`" =<~Ò.
``~=qÔ ~O [Q^y q^` I
*` `` *` ` `#+ q#u II (~ 53, 7)
D H#|_ q [Q` JO` OH==Q =#Qx, =iOHq H^.
=# H ~" O~= [Q` D s~^ _. =#
L`#"#C_ [Q` L`#=Òk. =# #t [Q` _ #tOk.
=$H=# Y LO\~ H^! ~`=# tY~= LO\~!... JQ
'|q+=~^_-WO^_ "^#"~O` =# H J=== J~
L<~.
""xH |= ~H~=O^ [Q` `~`" J~ L#k.
J#Q |= (J"H$`, PH=)#O^ [Q`, ^~=, J", `"
Y^Y O@# "^#"g =. J``="# ^$+K =# J#|_k _
^. J~`, J\ |= #O^ 'K`#u K` '=+ $+ J# XH<H
== L^~Ok. Jk h\O^ H~@= L^~OK@ =O\k. <# '=+
254
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
$+H H~# J< `` " =+r=_, qiOz, |^=_, ~}Q~_... W`k
~` K|_Òk.
W@ OH==Q =# D uH=# ~zOKK#k. D ~
KO^, 14 H=, O^~~`=, =^=, JOê `~OQ=, q,
PHO "^#=h OH= K`< ~zOK|_ q~lK<~. T~J^ H,
}= W=h LO@#k '=# J< #Q~O<. D ^==#[H~`H
bHk r=h K~ K#k =# J< "^#O<.
OH`H=Q '=# J< ~A H H_ H~H D '[Q` J# ~OQ
#Q~O 'JOH~= ^= ^=# ~HOK ... W=h xiOK|_
K<~. JOH~= K` J<H ^= xiOK|_Q, JO^ HO^~ T~=#
^=`Q#, =iHO^~ =^Q =#=Q#, WOHO^~ `=# <Q
"^#"~ Q# <H|_K<~. "~O` K=H= "^#
#=^~=`, =OO-J `k`~ ~O*=`, "~ "~ }"
OK#=` Y^Y` LO@<~. OKOk^Q g~O^~
OH=K xiOK|_# #Q~O x=OK"~ =! =# x ^~# = W@
J<H ~=# îOk.

^#O H@ e ^y L#@, Heq uu = ^y#@, =`

z =`= LO@#@ D s~= JOH~= ^y LO\Ok. nO
H}O q[$OaOz H}O #tOK#@ D JOH~O _ P L^ H}
HO q[$OaOk. H}O P L^# `lOk.
=^= `~OQ U~_K#@ =# J<H OH U~_
K<~. D OH=`H=Q =# x[OHe` ==# QOK@O, J@
QOz#q q+` O^@O [~QÒk. Jk OHeOKx^n O^^. P
=*=`#, `k`~ L^`# O|O^= =Oz, 'Wq <
KOk#q... g\x <# O^@K =`" O`+OKQ#... Wq <# Z\H Hey
LO_e.... g~ < "~... g~ ~~ "~... J# suQ Jk `=
O^K#k. 'q+` O^=#q... `lOK=#q... J# ~= Q
L^Q= D =# T-J# O^@K`<, =#O H^ 'q+` #`#
#Q~=# O^K<_ Jx KC<O. D =# W@ "^@ =KHO
`Q#K#k. WH P *Q` = O^K#k. ZC_ XHC_ =#
F u H~}O G 255
Y=# JHOz, + O^ "tOk. J#Q D =# 'JOHu

=Oz =~`= J=îOk. Hx Jk [_=Q ` Qx =<~ù H^
H^! ZO^HO> *Q`=x O~= + ^ JH\ ÒQ,
J=HOQ LO_< LO@<~. *Q` =HO H=\xH O|OkOz# ``
JO`s#OQ LO_ LO\Ok.
XH^x"#H XH\ Q J<H LÔ^ u~Q_K# D =# XH
=O YqOu H~ =kx JHOk. J@ =kx P~, D [#
~O~ ==~=# `lOk. JC_ =# H i=}=# P@ q_
HQK#k.

5. OH~ÒPÒ
^~_: =~! _ H}O OHeOz =`H"# K^#
Z^~Q K H=# U__ KK"? D =# _ H<=Ò K`
J#OÒQ ^Y=# U~@ KO\Ok. OH=`H=Q '=# J<
~A D 'q OKO ~OQ `# ^Y=# qiO *O@<_. ~_
L^~OKQ< pH@ `Q`~ H^! ZC_` D =# 'YO_`=Q` H
J=# P~O^, JC_ Jk H=OQ `# '[Q` ~q~}# _ #tO
*HO@Ok, H LOiOKO@Ok.
OzH Y q Z\O\q? =# H Hu K+ =`"!
Hu K+ - D =# H i`= JO` ZH_? WO^ ^ XH
^$OÒ K` LO\~. XH =_Oy ^ ÔQ# O=` =^ p
L<_. WO` [#=# =O J~Ok. JO^K` ~O_Q qyOK|_K#
Ô =^ XH # WiHOz [<xH "_. WO` XH Hu JH_H =zOk.
H"# KzÒ`, PH`~`#OQ x~~H"# QO`, ~Q, Q_O,
H_O K, K P ÔQ =^ `# H\ # ~H<~OaOzOk. WOH=Ok?
Hk H} *i~Ok. P Hu H H ÔQ H peH W~H#k.
WH P Hu ^K ^Q HH "<~OaOzOk.... D =# H K~ _
J\". Wk `# Kz`=K H#O^ zx =iÒ O^Òk.
H, qH (WOHH ^$OÒ) - XH H XH qH ZH_ îHOk. PHe`
#H#H_K# P H P qH# K_Q< ~zH~"# =O= aOz #@
256
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
=# U~_Ok. P=~=~=O@ qH# #=yOk. O, P #=K#
"QxH O\ #O_ ~HO H~yOk. JC_ P H W\ J#O\Ok... ''D qH
x~"#^x =~ J#O@<~. < WOÔz ~HO aOk. <# èq
Q^## H|\ WOÔz ~HO O^K<# H^...! WH P ~H=# KiOK
yOk. D =# H Y"^# _ J> LO\Ok.
Q_^, `<`> (WOHH ^$OÒ) - XH Q_^ x`=Q #_Ok. XH K@
< _ `<`@ H#|_Ok. JO^ `< KH _ ^. J~# #=`< L#k. ^xH qQK#k O\^ =`". P `>#
=ke` `< aOK^x ^YO. #=` LO>, H"O@ h~ H~O` =.
J\Q D =# _ q+Q=O^ `Qx LO\Ok. D =#
H K+ QiOz U=x Ke? H}O PH. =~H}O q~H. x K` Q
H}H}O U"" qH~=# O^Òk. q+ H` #O^ ^YO
q+ LO>, q+ =# ^YO.
^~x =~_: Ò_! g~ KCK#k JH~ x[O. 'M`_ J# ~O`
g~ =iOz K|`# D =# ## HaO*Ok. <xC_ UO Ke?
^~_: D =# U U q+=, == `Q#K#^ f"#
^$+` ijeOK- Wk ^xx '= Jx qOk?... ^xx ^+Ok?... "\
= H=O, HÔ, =`~O Hey LO\Ok?... ^xx ==H~ ^$+` KOk?...
H Q=xOK, H_HiOz, ~"HOK.
WC_, OH`H=Q D =## J\ q+= #O_ "#H
=~. J#Q, H=OQ "\ QiOz OHeOK@O #ye. JO^ =kx,
=#=# J=OaOK. 'P`*#O J< `~}OK D =##O K ==#
HHOQ x~eOK. |= H ==# P~OK. hK P` qOu
HiOK|_QH!
JO^Q# =# D =~=# K~=O\ `= `H LHiOKQ=.
^~x =~_: `$^"! g~ r=x H =_ s~= QiOz =#
`K~. P =_ s~= H q+=q\ q=iOKO_.
^~_: 'OHeOK@ J##^ `# H ~=Q Q D =# =_
== L<~. P =_ == L`==^=J^= ~= Hey
#", D [Q` uH H~}=QK<~. D =_ s~= '`~[`"
Q}= Q O*~HOQ K|_~.
F u H~}O G 257
=# H `"~O - D H$uH O|OkOz# qH HK xÒ

J*Q`, =i`#O, x^, |^HO, PO =O\ OH L^~ LO@<~.
J\ OH= H~}OQ D r=_ ZO` n#Ò O^K<_. eÒQ 'H=,
H@H=, =~= "^# # OK@O [~QÒk.
=# H ~*~O - D =OK` ~Q=, `$+, H~` ==`
OQ=, =, PK# #O_ H #O_ q~qOKH=@O =O\ OH
` HQ` LO\~. ~*Q} ~"# OH=K D r=_ '=#=[#
Q"# ==~= PKiOK@O [~QÒk. J~`, H~^H=Q =#=
Lk Ok# `~"` L`= H~H=O` =#u H~H =x, J=H#
kxQ~KH< |^Q, D =#= Lk îOz# ==O` D
r= HO^~ D HO '`^#OQ$ "^#q O^@ =`"
u<~. "\ O^ O`+=# "`H@O K<~. D qÔQ J*Q`~
J^= `" PHi`QK<~.
=# H `~O - D =O K` =# '*#O`YO
J"`= =O\ OH=# P~Ok. P r=_ `~ OH=K
'^~=*#= "^# "\ O^ =# O^K<_. P =# J\
^~*#=# P~ H=OQ Jz~HO 'H=b==# P~#k.
G=K =iOz K|_K# '~[ux O^K#k. `Q}#H~}O
H~}OQ D ^$=# O|OkOz# ~ u|O^H=# H=OQ `lOk.
'^$~Ò`= (^$xH =O JQ@) J#^x #O_ ÒÒ O^K#k.
'|^= H '"H=... J#Q ~OH= ~``=x QOK.
~^$+ i`[ x= =# =# I
#~~ OH HO ~ II (~ 53, 38)
H|\ =~! ^$+h `lOK. =# #O^ D
JO`~=x ~^~= QiOz# OH=# ~Ò K~.
=# K`< =## xQOKe. OH~`" |O^q=H.
XH_ "Hk O=`~= ` K=K QH! H, D ^=# <
iO* K~O K=K..., Jy<, |_y< "tOK=K..., OH~
"# QO@<, H` =O#< ^H D s~=# YO_YO_=Q
KH#=K...! U u=~<, H H~} =^Q ^~^``|^_
"^#"ix 'L^+Q HeyO_=K...! ~=~`H=x
258
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
U"< `H` Q ^ =OK=K QH...! Hx UO [#O? UO O?
[~Q#^q\? z=iH 'OH<#O P~Oz, `^~ =`" OH=#
[~OKQ_ Qh, "~ `= ^. OH~Ò K`< "HO aOKQ^x =Ò
QOK. 'i^ u J~#\ "H= H '|O^q=HH OH~`" PÒuH
"# LO.
`k`~=# J<H K@ =K# =## "#H =~e P`Q"#x
H~K~}= =^ K~e. P `~"` P`== "~# OH~O~ `lOKe.
~= P`~OQ OîOKe.
''WH_ P` "~#^n <^ J# JYO_#== ^$_H~}=QQH!
JO^K` z~Org! h h" OH<#=#H uOK. h OH=
h~-==#O^ q~OKKO_Q, J\ OHeOK O~=#
P= L#\ hH Jx~Khu^~`"#n, ~=q`"#n, Y=
"#n Jx h" QOKQ=. J~` J\ OH<#= J`jxH Z
aOk KC? JO^K` OH= Jf``= H~H JO^ '=}=##
xk^ ~=` _# L`= `=# h= P~OKeO^.

F ~`_! =~! hK J#H}HOQ 'OH= J# ` ^~xH
D = ^~= QK|_ L<~. J\ OH^~O ÒK|_O^... H}
OQ~=Q D OzH ^~=h h =H=#O_ =@=O J=`~.
`J` ="#\ qH=h hH OH=#O_ L`#=`<~
Qx, =iOHH_#O_ H^. Jx\H H~}O 'h= OHeOK@! ~=#
H~}"# OH= ^~ 'Wk `? J`? J< K~ P~Oz#O` =Ò
K` L`= [#O aOK@^x qA H J#=O. qH=Q D
^~=... `==... ~OH= Jf`=, i^=... ~=~=...
J~L# |=# $tOKQ"? ^.
JO^K`, ''h ~ OH= ~OKQ JC_ ''h =HO +OK#^
|= Jx QOK. h= WH |"` =`_= H^. |" J=`=. H~
~=# L# D ^$==~=O` _ H~}~=Q 'OQ=, (one's own
attachment) H 'OH=. (one's own perceptions...) J# "\O^ =iOK
K#k =! OH~`= K`< D '[Q` O_ =@ [~QQ^.
OH~` ^ ~" ~|=.

F u H~}O G 259
`! h =~ Q~ K<#. h =# ^xx U qÔQ u~HOQ (As

a form of) zOuO^ Jk J> i}qOK@O, OK@O [~QÒk. JO^K` h=
~" OH= P= O`_" LO_@# JO K~. ''<# OHeOK@

- J# H HO> =O^ ^_< L<#... H#H ""xH OH~`_< J#
ZH# QOz LO_. J@ Oz# ==~=# PKi LO_. OH
`lOKKO_@K H=OQ J=OK` z^` D q+= #O_ (|~
~~QO^^ #O_) =Q "#H =~ Q^.
P! K=`~O Q=xOK"! H=O `~=, |== JQ P`
J`=Q '= =" D ^==#+[O` PkQ Q a# # [x
Ok. =~OQ D [Q` ~O Q ^Y=h J#qOk. WÔ` ^=Q
P` Q"#^<? ...H< H^. J<H #, L^ "t =$u
KO^`... D qÔQ ^Y=h J#q LO_@O =# UO [#O KC?
JO^K`< |k=O`Q "~ Jx\x H \ ^Y~`=Q P`<
P~<~. WH |k# ==~ =O\"... Jk =# J#~}O H^
H|\ J`" J=Òk. ^x =# HeQ L`= [#O U=#k? |k
#Ò J<H ^Y=H îfO^x Q~ K<#. JO^K` h= `` *#O H~H
uOK. D qH*=O` |`~OQ ^sHiO*~.
x~u#O^ H~ Jkf=Q "H^= H~ uOK. J\
HO_, H` ^$==~O #O^ |^_= J~u"... xa_O^H~
~=Q J<H ^Y~O~ h H~ "z LO\~. WC_ h Z^~Q ~O_
=~= L<~- 1) OHeOK@ J# == P~Oz LO_@ 2) OH
~`=# JOK@. D ~O_O\h }OQ J~O KH. =#O K~. P
h `=# `^#OQ fik^H.

6. OH qzH`
^~ `_: Ò_! D OH= J<k U qÔQ LO\Ok? J Jk Z\
L`#=Òk? Z\ =$k KO^Òk? Z\ #tOk? Z, ZH_ #O_, Z\
#O_, Z=i ÔK` Z=i H~ |_Òk?
^~_: J#O`= `=#= P`~= JQ K`#= x~zOK|_
#\ H~}OQ XH<HC_ q+=" L#Y=QK#k. J@ q+="
260
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
L#YO JQ@ OH= H JO~=. P JO~O J=`" J~#\H,
Jk `# Ok#^ z^H= H #" "OKK#k. P OHO~=
`# Jk#=Q 'z` ~= < =~Q~KK#k. J@ [_=Q OKH~O
O^@ Q# H=OQ #Ò O^Òk. J@ # q+ ~ [Q`#
'WÔ` <HO> "~Q =# U~_ L#k.. J# =# KOk. XH c[=
'"K@ J# H==# O^K#k KK"? J\Q, P z` H OH`=
O^Òk. J@ XH OH= #O_ =~H OH= L^~Ok. WH P D
n~"# OH ==~=O` qiOk. OH= "O@ x~}OQ ^Y
~O~ =z _K<~. J~` =^= Zx `~OQ L^~ U=#k?
J=h [" J~ L<~ H^! D [QÒ` OH=`". OH= ` "~Q
D OKO ^YY=O@ Z=iH Ug =.
D =# HH`m<O K` q=~== P~Ok. Wk q^
~=#< L`#=Òk. =$Q`$+=, ~O_= KO^x Ou= Wk J`"#^!
Hx nx =$kx =Ò =#O K<O. H$u GO '=ÒQ= J# ~Q
K@ QiOz K|`~. P K@ u#"iH JO`H~}O `\ ^~= @
Ou~H"# u U~_Òk. eÒQ `\ ^~= JÒ` ~zH~"#qQ
J#==Òk. P u J`" J~#\H `\ ^~= uO@#C_ J`xH
"# ~z =Ò J#==Òk. J^ qÔQ, =` ^~= qOK"iH
K@ L# ==h Qe è_K#@ J#==`~. D == Zyi
_@O J"" J~#\H J`xH `=Q< JQK#k. D r=xO^
'OHeOK@ J# =$u L^qOz, D ^~=`\... =`\ O|O^=
"="# J#==Q J`xH OKK#k. Hh J=h D r=x H
W+J~+=# P~OK LO@<~.
^~x =~_: `$^"! D [#H~, D O|O^^ = H~}O
JO`~"#^? "#^? <#-`k`~ Z\ L`#=QK<=?
^~_: h= q^~=#< L`#"<=. J> <# _. 'D s~=^$=
`k`~ O|O^ O^==... ^$ Kz#C_ =#=O^~O q^~".
WH x``^=Q =# ~= ^$ =#O ~^ `~". =#
H '` ~=# U H}=O^ Z\ q^`= <^. <# k# D =#
P^` x `<" WH q^`= h ^$+ #O_ iQ `yQ^.
D ^Y*=O` h ZO^ Ok...? K=O\"! '"^"Ô`K
+~K|_K#\ ~` J#Q... <<! J\ P` Qx, P` ~=Q Q
F u H~}O G 261
< Qx, '<# '<k J##Ô` LO_*^. `k`~ ^~=Q == -

Y=^Y=[#"^#=h q^~" J~ L<~... J##\ Z~H
O|OkOz# qO U~_H=@ K`<.
W^ 'P` qO =! J\ P` q= ^$__# `~"` WH J*#=#
H~}O UO LO@Ok? '<# P`#... s~=# H#... J# qO H=@K`<
D`_ J*#=# K\KK<_. H}O q+ _ J`xx qKe`}
K<~. ZH_ qK~} K# `~"` WH ^Y= LO_^, JH_ qK~} K@O
=x" D r=_ ^d`_ KuH_K<_.
=~! ""xH D [<^` Qx, D ^$=x P ^~=`
Qx h U ==O^ _ O|OÔ ^. J~#\H OuK h h" J\
O|O^=# HeOKH#K<=. H ^~ ^$+` Kz, D P` [# ZH_
L< KC? s~= HO> =O^ _ h= L<=. J#Q, D s~=` h=
@@ ^ W`~" L<=. s~= <e# `~"` _ h= LO@<=.
J#Q s~`#O` @ h= ~Ò JQ@^. D s~= L#C_, h LxH
QiOz "~ K^=#k? =<|kJOH~=` _# H;s~=` D
s~=# LyOKO@ OK~= K LO_< L<= H^! H;s~O
H K= @H# Z=~< QOKK<~? ^. #C_ '<# KK#... P`_
KK_... J##Ô` = HH =~q\?
""xH h= XH_" `=. H;s~= _ J`= =`". ["
~^ `=. [= HO> "~#k [= Hxk JQ '`~OQ= J#|_k
ZH_< aO^? JO^K`, '<# *#O Ok# OkO_x =
_ ^ K`#~_< J~ LO@<#... Jx QOK. ^+i`"#
OH= =j`_=Q@K`< W@ =__q, Oiq JQK<=.
`! WC_ Kk q#. W`~O J#`=# Y^Mk ^~=
QiOz 'OiOK@OHeOK@=~OK@# H=OQ #yK~. Z\?
H=O JYO_=, x~=, x`= JQ P`# =# K@ K`<. J\
=<=ÒK` 'P`k J< S~O Ok D r=_ =r=_ HQ_. ''<# [#
=$` ~`_#... ^_#... `=Q J=$`~_#... Jx =#
K@ Uq H+=#^ < KC? =i [# '"H= ^~= Jx ZO^
JO@<~ <# QOKH=K<#. '"H=<k K H+"# q+O Jx
~ =`" JO@<~.
262
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
'ZO^Hx J@ JxOk?... J<k "= ijeOKO. H~}O...? '"i
~=#O^ "iH `y#O` qO U~_H=@ K`<... Jx J#H `^.
~= @ J\ q= HeyOz, `k`~ ^~= @, q+=
@ J<H^Y~Ò HQ*\xH D "^"Ô` H*# ==~h
L<~. ''^$J<HP`==# ZQ@ PH HeyOK#O`=~H D qk
x=^ `. ZC_` ~=Q PÒ^ ~q= ~=Ò^,
J\ J\ L`=u '"Hu HO> "~#^n H^ =!
JqOK@O - ZC_` h= OH<#= H~ u", WHC_ D
[##=~}k =# O^=. '=# K#O` =ÒK` OH "O
H=OQ H}OKQ^.
XH = H ^= =iOKO> HO` =O@O^", K`
=iOKe. 'qOKH =@ O^ H O|OkOz# = LO_^ H^! WH
WO^ H+"q LO@Ok? H<q<#=... J# "Hu H+"#^#@ =O
H^. K` =~# J< = _ LO_#\k "H=#.
H=O =< q~} =Ò K` J~H}O OHq<#O kOk. J~`,
Z\p J\ 'OH~ù ~_" LO> K. "f`"#^ ``Ô.
x~O`~O P` H ~#O^~=# zO`#K LO_. PÒ^ u
HeyO_. JC_ J^=Q == _ kOKQ^. WO^ OÔ ^.
P` ^xK`# iO|_@Qx, #tO*|_@ Qx, OqO*^. JO^K`
L`= OHOK J^= OHx `lOz"~. ''D H#|_ D`_ ==` ~_
H^! J# =#` ==i LO_. '<# ~=Q P`< J<^ P L`= OHO.
=#` =## qz#O K~. Ò^ ~_" LO_. 'xOH
=`=, ^=... J~#\ D =Ò O`|kK QOK@O,
PKiOK@O Uq H+=#^ KC?

'J\ Z\? "H= JO` =? JO` èHQ < aOK@? ^...
Jk = Zx [#H Qx aOK^... Jx h= OHeOK@O [iy`, WH P `~"`
P `^#O`~ _ J> J~ LO@#k.
'<# W\H ~_#, "H~_#, D =<|kz`JOH~^
O|OkOK#\ ^~_#... Jx =# K=#H.. h J#=O `^#OQ<
LO\Ok. =# H J#O^# f=`# J#iOz Jk J> `" h= D
H}=O^ "H~_=, ~_= HQ=.
F u H~}O G 263
OH= "`=Q qOzO^... D [QÒ` qOKQ^. F ==f!

OH= H J==Ò K` O~^Y=O` =OQ `yÒk.
OH =<r=zÒ |k #"< I
<""#`"Ò <~<~qÔ=~ II (~ 54, 20)
OH" =#. Jk ''r=_, z`=, "<`=Q |k _. D
=#|kJOH~=z`= "^# "\Oê ^=O` <==`" Qx
"=O H^. OH=# J#=Q OK=# Un HOz` _ ^.
J\ OH= J#|_^xx h $Ô<, ''h Ku F_~# h =O`
~A = =O KH"e. J@ KO_ T~H ZO^ i`<" <
J~O H=@O ^.

7. P~Ò
^~_: D [Q` ''PH= = #"#k =`".
^~`_: D [Q` #"#C_ ^+ _ #_ J=`_? ''[Q` ^
J#O>, [Q^ =~= ^~= H^? JC_ J\ J=Q#Q r=` xO_#
[Q` [_" J~Ò^"?
^~_: q"# Z_i XH_ '=$Q`$+# KK_#H... q+}K ''=$Q
`$+ [= LO_^ Jx QOK|_#C_ P Z_i O^ #+"q\ KC? D
[Q`, r=_ "^#=h h @ `y~#\H ''^$H ~_=Q h, (H
P`) U =Ò @ LO_^. Jk U =Ò #Ò O^^. ^suQ
~= LO@Ok.
=$Q`$+` =#"# D [Q` 'J` ~=Q qH= K`<
Pq~`=QK#k. D ''[Q` J##k P~` ==~O =`". P~OK|_Ok
`y ^=#k?
q^`=Q OH" OQ q^`=Q D "Ò [Q` ==~x
H\ `"#~K#k. J\ OH ==~O x~kOK|_Q, h= OH ~`_=
QK<=. h ^$+ 'x" Jx è=z# ^~=K h= kO |_=. [Q`
@ ''Wk `"#^ J< |k `QKO_Q, WH hO^ "# OqOK=.
=<H" "<HO _. ~=# `y#\H, WH `yO
*x^^... J^ h=. "<H" "Hu H O=.
264
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
H|\ <<! ^$_"# J=K 'D ^$= ^... D [QÒ` J`=
... Jx QOK! ZC_` h= '^$~Ò J=î", D ^Ô^ P`
== O_ LO\" JC_ h= D Y^Y= `Q< H LO_^.
'D Ô, D |O^=, D q`, D ==^= q^~= H^...
Jx x~OK@K "xO^ h PHJax"= [xOK=. PH #tOzO^,
WH '~O-^YO, '[##O-=~}O "^#=h h@ JO== J=`~.
H|\ Y ^Mk q== hHC_< O> 'WÔ` J` J#
x=# Hey LO_. P Z@ Lz`" J> ==iOK.
q+ q~}O - D =# z^= H uaO|==O\ 'r=_ J#
~=# îOk. D [Q` ~"#\ `q+`=~=# [Q`#O`\ h
=# xiOKO@Òk. J^ ~=# L^qO*Ok. i=iO*Ok.
#tO*Ok. Jk XH =O q+=` O|O^=# Ok#^ "#K
PKk`=QK#k.
J~` XH . WO`\ ==~=# x~i D =# OH Hey
#^? ^. Jk ""xH [_"#k. Jk Jk#=Q '^ K`#O H
O|OÔ K`< ~} H`" #k. J\ ^ K`#" h "= ~O Qx,
D s~ =# h= H=. J~` =e#=KOK= JQ 'WKK ~OK|_@
K`< =# D '[Q` ~K# J# ==# x~iOKK#k. '$Ô J< =#O
'Hu =O\ D r=x =# WK#~OQ, OHe` H~H=#~OQ D
[Q` b x~iOk.
D r=_ (H =#) XHC_ qH~`_QK<_. =~HC_
JÒ` Oz`~O O^K<_.
XHC_ *Q` OH`K ''<# ~n#_# J# =O O^K<_.
=~HC_ ''<# ~=# JO|Ok`_# J# suQ =## P~<_.
O|O^" x K@, ~H |O^=O@ ZH_k?
D 'OH= J# `~OQ Z\ #O_ _K< ^H= ^$
QO H= HH L<~. J~`, ''OH= q+= @ U~_ '^
K`< L^k`", =$k KO^K<~... Jx =Ò `H K=K. ^-H=
H~`=! 'q+q~}O J# XH =*ÔK` =`" D OH
==~=O` =OQ #tOKQ^.

F u H~}O G 265
8. L#k ZC_ LO\Ok xk U<_ ^.

D r=xOê OHeOK =O Jq+O K` _ [iÒk.
H}OQ~=, [_`=# P~Oz L#\q, JH\ `~= J~#\
OH= D [Q` qKq_Q =i<~.
F =~! D OKO U^` J`"#^, JÔ` jOQ
x"iOK|_@ LzÒ H^!
J` == ` J=Ò^? Z#\H H^. WO^ OÔ ^.
'` J# q"K## 'OH J# "\H J#~Oz KÔ. XH" 'OHO
J##k `~" J~ LO> WH ^xx xQOK@O Z=i `~O KC? Jk
`Q J> LO_Q^. Jk ''`~= H^ H|>, HO^~ =h k=
=Q P`*#OK OH~`, `K OHOQ "QO^K<~.
'OH= J##k J` H#H ^xx ^qO*_O `H ^". D
'OK= ~= h OOKK# =e#= `" J~` WH ^xx
`yOK@ Z@? Q L# ## ZO` ~z< `yOKQ=? ^x
## `yOK@ uOK"_ =~_ J=`_ H^!
D [Q`, WO^ r=# iOKK# OH ==~O` Ò H< H^.

9. uOz#"_ Q<_.
`H! D OK= H u Jx~Kh=. Wk J<kHOQ
kOz LO\Ok. '*#= J< ~=~O K` Wk `H O~=Q `QQ^.
*x =`" Ju q~=Q D O~=e#=# qz#O KQQ`<_.
^#= H @ Z\ Òk? ÔK@ K`< H^! ~y z= `QÒ^?
'`=@ J# HK `H `QÒk H^! D O~=e#= _ '*#
qH JO J< `=K `H `QÒk. ~+ `= `H
^H==Òk. WO^ OÔ ^. JO^K` JH==K h=
'^=JYO_=x+OH=x`= JQ hH ~`# QOKQ=.
J@ QOK@ [~QKO_Q ~=^, "^#, ^=# "@O`@ J"
`Q`~. F a_! h= i J~# L=# P~OKH=@ K`< q^
qHH=Q D O~=O` WO`=~ [~OK|_H =@O [~QÒk. J>
266
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
`k`~Q ~r= q+O _, 'JOH= J# `=K Wk j=Q
q"O^K#k. D q+O Z=iH O^ JH~^.
J^= ZH_< z~HO ~OQ LO\O^?... ^. pH\ L#"_ nO
"eyOKO> WH P pH\ ZH_ LO@Ok? Jk ZH_H Ò^x Ke? ^$_"#
^$+` K PHO W^~ KO^ WH Hx~? D O~= _ ``
qK~=K q^`= O^Òk. F =~! ~^ XH q+O Q~OKH.
h= D O~=# KOk#"_= H=. J\Q D O~= _ h KOk#k
H^. H#H xtO`Q D O~ Oux q_z@. ''D O~= q^ Jx
è# `~"` _ WH hH zO`# ZO^ KC? H#H ~ qî` zO`
H=H=OQ<, XHiQ< `lOz"~.
''<<H r=_#. J<H q==` _# D Qq H". WO^
Hx ==, ==~= O^@K <# P#OkOKQ#. Hx\x <# =^H
=#k. - W=h OiH gzH#x QOK.
h ~=#, =i D ^$= ~=# H\ `=QK#^k? ~
q^= HtOKK#k P` H^! ~= P` J~ LO_Q h kQ,
~O^ ZO^ HQe? "\ "=# h= ZO^ P~OKe?... JO^K`
~^ xtO`_" LO_.

N =+ =i: qO@<" ~=KO^! "i O+} J@ =yOk. P <# "i

=O^ uH ~_< îOK<#. "i^~ q#=`` ## PxOz,
lOK~. ^~_ K# P"H=# Ja#OkOK#. JOê ~q#
#gH OyOK#. O~= #O_ D r=x ìO*Q J<H Q^
qxOK#. "O =Q~O P`q+" J<H ^$H^= #O_ J<H q+
KC<O.
P ~u LOQ Q_z~Ok. P =~<_ P Ò_H_ ## H
~HOQ Q#O~. <# < H~H== ##iOz PHO "tOz =#
"z#K\H xOK#.
WC_ '^~MH q<= H^! nxx J#iOz ''D [Q` uaO|= =
J`"#k Jx QOK. D O+}# J#iOz [ ''Wk ^~M~H
=O\k J##k K~OH =zOk.

F u H~}O G 267
10. ^~M~H: q*# ~O=

D '<#h= J##Ô` P`. H#H 'Jk# K`#O ^$ Kz#C_
Wq "=". P~Ò ^$ Wq J"=#x _ QOK.
''<#<k W`k J^# `lOz"~. ^~==x `# =~xH
K# Ô`x JO`s#Q<x Q=xOK. L^~z`_=, P`x+_= JQ=.
qH`H=Q '=# `= JQK# J*# =e#=# '<# P` `[=<
J# =#K H_y"~.
P``` =# J=HOKK L<"... WH h= Ju j=Q "H^=#
O^Q=. D ^<Q H= A_= HQ=.
W\ i^ ''~`^~#=K ==O\ |+ _ h= #=iO
`y# "_=QK<=.

268
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
VIII. HKM#= L^` K~

1. D $+H H~ Z=~?
N =+ =i: F ~=KO^! [_`H=Q D OKO '^ J< xO Hey
LO_@" LzÒ. D '<#<k "^# ^ J^ @ qO `lOz"~.
q" ZH_< x^xO^ q=O@O^? Jq" =`" J`"#
^x O^ L^Q=, ~Q=, O~O= LO\~.
h= q"Hq H"e. JO`Qx Jq"H=# P~Oz ^dOK@"q\ KC? D
'^ "^# "\` _# ^$[Q` P` HO> "~Q `# Ok=O^?..
^ H^! ...JO^K` h= JH ~`_= J"e. JOQO, L^#O, zÔ
J~#\ '` O^ ~_" LO_. J*x 'J^ J# =O Hey LO@<_.
e`"q\? P`HO> "~Q D ^Ô^ P``` =# PkOKHO@<_.
i`<_.''<# D ^=<, <# KKK<#, @K<# Jx J#O@
<_. D s~=^$= "^#"\@ ``|k =O[= H^ =!
D [Q` ^` (Truely as well as falsely exists) Jx, nxH XH xu JO@ Un
^x h= Z~Q^= H^! =i ^= "^Q J<H ^~=` _Hx
# WH_ O|OÔ^== =Ò qO ZO^? D [Q` ''^...
Jx x~Oz# `~"` WH O|O^"q\? |O^"q\? Z=iH? ZH_? H=O
P` XH> ~^ kOz L#k, LO@#k. Jk ~^, x~=, "H=,
J#O`=, ~=}= JO^Hxk J~ L#k.
N~=_: Q#k g! J~`, XH OÔ. g L^= ##iOz D [Q`
H~ Z=~? H~, ~ Z=~< L<~? LO> "~ ZH_ L<~? ZH_ #O_
nx#O`\ h #_K<~?
N =+ =i: D [Q` q+O W\H J<H q KC<O. h
=^#OQ D [Q` q+O = Ja= =iHx q KCK<#
q#-
F ~=KO^! D [Q` Z=iK`# xiOK|_ LO_^. J#Q nxH 'H~
JO@ Z=~ ~. J> ''D q^"# H==... JO@ Un ^. ''H~ W\ q^#=
F u H~}O G 269
# |^_J##k KC@ gQ _ ^. qA J=Q## J#iOz

U~_# a<a= WH_ Lî~.
1. ^$=K ^+ U~_K<_! (^$= H~ ^+ JH~) - ''^$=# |> ^+H
J#=O LO\Ok. H#H 'J#== J#|_^xH [Q` H~. P J#=O U~_
^" ^+ H =. H#H ^$=# J#iOz ^+ LO@<_.
2. ^+K ^$= HeOK|_K#k! (^$= JH~^+ H~) - ^+ H =#
^$#=O H#H [Q` JH~. ^+ H~. ^+ H JO`~OQ" J#==
#O. P`x^#O K`< [Q` Ok H#H, ^+# J#iOK ^$=
LO\Ok.

D '[Q` J< *O H~ $Ò H=K QH! H H~ $~Ò H=K QH!
=iOH^< Hh! h= =Ò '^+^$= ~~O J^"#" J# J^ Hey
LO_. ~~ '^^ K`< D ^=@ ''D ^" <# J# ^`=#
OqOK@O [~QÒk. J\ =## r=_ "^@Q `lOKe.
H#H ~=! h |kx xtÒ KH. iz#=Q D ^Ô^ u Hey
LO_=^. J@ u OÔ_< ^suQ =i LO_.
'D [Q` H~ P`... Jx J#=K? D = =^#O q#.
P` ~^ ~Ok ~`"#\k. Jk U H}=O^ Z\ =~ K~
O^@ ^. H#H 'Jk [_==O\k Jx _ K|_Òk. P` `# `
=ÒK` D [Q` LxHx O^Òk. JO^K` J*# ^$+H ''P` D [Q` H~
J~#@ HxOk.
'HH`m <OK 'D [Q` H~ J#"_ _ Jx "= ZOKK<O.
HH`m <O J#Q - XHK@ XH Z`# `\ K@ L#k. JC_ =O`
HO "tOK@K P K@ `\ KHQ =y, ==_` "_
K<~. XH HH ZH_ #O_ ZO^H =z P K@ H `\ Qu "eOk.
JC_, P Qux XH O_ Q =y LO_, Qu #O_ q_=_ < _Ok. JC_
h_ ^f~O^=x XH #H P K@ HO^ =z xezOk. h_#, Qe gzH#
O^` L# P #H `\O_ *i_Ok. eÒQ, P #H QO J~Ok.
WC_ KC. P #H Q= JQ@ H~}"q\? `\K\? HH?
=O`H=? `\O_? #H K@ HO^ =K@ K`<? K@ h_ H~}"#
~_? QeH "Q=` _# gzH?
270
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
Z=~ U^< J#=K. Hx ''HH`m <=K L`#"#^xH H~ _
J##k D ^$O`= H ~O.
D [Q` U^ L#k - J< q+xH =, ' D [Q` Jx~KhO Jx J<H
=Ok P`*#Q "iK K|_Òk. ''D [Q` WOê ^~ ==~=
QiOz JA =~ =~ qìOK@O, qKiOK@O K<~. q" J@
K~. J##^ = JaO _. ZO^HO> `~q`~= XH ikx,
iq``=# HeyO_, J#O`=Q P```=# x~zOKH`<~. W@
P` J#"H"^= =`" JQK#k.

D [Q` '=<~= Jx HO^~O@<~. ''Wk H}H}O #tOKK,
#" J~ L#k Jx =iHO^~ KCK<~. ''Wk "~=# Hx
=~ =~ L`#=QK#k... Jx WOHOî JaO.
Uk U"< K=`~"=O> nxx h= U U OH= ^~} K` =~ =~
î", P ^~}# J#iOK [# kx O^K#k.
N~=_: ''Wk x` ` =O Hk Jx K=Kx? JO^=? JO>, Wk
Z\H U~_ LO_ LO@O^x Jx J#=K<?
N =+ =i: WH_ un XHC_ XH qÔQ =~HC_ =~HqÔQ
LO\Ok. WH_ i}=O KO^x^k KC? JO^K` WH_ WC_ H#|_K#Ô`
'J` =`=x K|_Òk. JO>, Jk W\H `Q 'LxH x Hey
LO_^.
h... 'Wk H}H ` j"#k JO^=? D s~=x OHeOK"_, H
îOK"_ L<_ KK"! J`_ P ^~=, == =~K $tOK
|_H LO@<_. =## J#iOK [Q` LO\Ok.
P` ""xH ~ WOk= Jf`=, PkuHPk^qHPûH
`=K `H|_xk. Jk D [Q`~=# x~O`~O KK#\H Jk U=Ò
M^=Qx, "^= Qx O^^.

XH Qk nO L#k. P n "Q OK` P Qk ''=O@ K@
O+OK@K^=@ "^Q H~H=h [iy`<~. n "Q
O> J=h P qÔQ [~Q*=. Hx n "Q J=h K~O^x J#=.
n "Q ^xH H~}O H^.
F u H~}O G 271
WH_ =# ~O_ "H k<~-

1. P`H '=HO K`< [Q` LO\Ok - P` H x^#O =Ò K` D
[Q` ==~ H@# Hey LO_QQÒk. H#H [Q` H~}O P`.
2. P` ~^ xiH~O, xi+O - P` `Q x~===, ^~~`=
H^! H#H P` [Q` H~}=Q@ ^.
JO^K`<... ''D [Q` `J` ~=, Jx~Kh= J~ L#k... Jx
K|_@O [iyOk. P` HO_ "~Q D [Q` H LxHH =iOHn H~}
=Q@ ^. x~O`~O D ^$= =<#~O W\ ` Hey LO\Ok. Wk q^
~=# WO^*O Q Pq~qOz#@ ^$=#" LO\Ok. ^$xH Jf`
=Q P``= =OK"iH, D ^$= Z^~Q LO_ _ 'x^ JQK#k.

2. x~HxOQ=
N =+ =i: F ~=KO^! D [# ==~= O~O= Q=x<"?
J=~# H HtÔ ~K`" I
`=<`=~ H=~O -#^=u II (~ 56, 13)
D s~O` _#\ rqÒ J#O` ^H= ^$ JÒ` iq`"#k
H^! Wk J#O` H"O ZO`\ O"#k! D HO, ^=HO
aOz# D =#= Lk U~_# ==O` _ J`_ ^` |k< P~
<_! ~Ok= Jf`"# P`" Ja=Y_=@" ^! ZO` P~O!
D [Q` H"# H~ $`" ^. J\ D [Q`#Oê D ^=`
= ^~= 'Wq ~=... JxOK@O =~`" J=Òk. WH_
==# PHOKK, ^~^$+ O_ k#= Q_@O Lz`"\Q?
F~ r=_! ZH_< 'JOQ= JQ K`#=#, [_=Q ^~=
O|OÔ LO@O^ KC? h= ^=Q K`#=" Qh, [_=Q s~= H=,
WOk H=. WOk#" H=. J\ P`~_=Q h D s~^`
OQO U~_@"q\?
H#H ''<# s~~_# Q#. < O^ s~^ =. <# D
s~iq`_# H#. s~O HO> =O^ L#\ <# s~xH =`" iq`_<
LO_^\?...Jx ZO^ qOK~^? J@ qOz#C_ h= WOkf`=Q
272
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
~=# QOKQQ`=. J\ HO_, WOk#= =`"#\ D
^$=x ^~=, Wq HQ*Q Y^Y=... g@x\ #=HO Hey
LO> ''JO|Ok`= k== i^= x`k`=... JQ h "=
~=# h= Z@ QOKQ" = J~=Q@^. D s~^, `k`~ ^$
^~= ~=~<, H< h= g\ @ 'JH O^=# <=Ok?
h= XH [_== H^! OH=# _ ~zOKQ K`#=iq H^!
|^^= = KOK=# D ^= #tOz" H#H, "\ O^
PH ^Y=< HQ*<~.
1) ''Lùq<#= J# ~O_\ ` _H# D ^$[Q`#O^ ''Wq
<#, H Wq <q J# ^+=` ""= O^@O
2) P`# [Q` =HOQ K_@O... (H, P` "= ~OQ Q
r=x uH iq` ^$+` K_@O)...
... D ~O_ _ |O^= HeyOK@H H~}=QK<x ~[# Q~
K<#. ~J~ =H=#\ P`[Q` ''HO_#~Q =O\
O|O^= =`" H^.
==# H~Q P` JH~ J~ L#k. Jk Ug K@ ^. <@H
~OQOx nOQ Jx\h HtO* _ L^#OQ LO\Ok. ~_
L^~Oz# `~"`, WH } x^~z, `= k#K~ ~OaOK K<~ H^!
Hx k#K~ ~xH O|OÔ Uq L#k? LÔ #O_ OHO ^H
[iy`# P ~A"s H~H== ^$ ~_ ~^ JH~ H^! P`
_ Ug X#~@ ^. Jk Jx\H H~}=QK _, ~^ 'Ou
O^ u+`" LO_ LO\Ok. Jk KeOH LO@ ~=# KeO*Ok.

3. =K`< [Q^ù
#nf~O =HOQ< WH` LO@Ok H^! D [Q` _ =OQ<
r=x @ H\ `=QK#k. Z@ O LO> h~ J@ =OK@O [O. J\Q
[_K`#= OQ=Ò K` D [Q` PHHOQ L`#"#k JQK#k.
JO`Qx, nxH H~ JO@ Z=~ ~.
P`H x^#O K`< nxH LxH Ok. ^ ~=}= Jf`
=Q ^z`= ^$ Wk ^x _ QOK|_Q^.
F u H~}O G 273
F ~=KO^! Uk U"#\H D '^= "^# ^~=O^ ''Wk

P` Jx `K@O Z=iH U=Ò `Q^. "QOQ Qe =$`H~OQ uC#C_
U~_ =$`= H, =x HO_, =x+ "^# "\ JH Hey
L<=#H, pH\ U^ PH~O Kz ''Jk ^= H HêH Jx `K
=#H... J=h J~Ox # H^! PHHOQ ZH_ ^~Ô HkH}= h
H# x|_, J@ Z\ "o=K# #`# =H` h O Z\ ^~Òk?
=K L`#"# D [Q` qÒ H^. ...J> D s~ q+O _.
N ~=_: g! D [Q` H J=# r==`=Q = ^" #O\~?
N =+ =i: ''KO^x L+`=, ~xx j``=, =$Q`$+ [`=
"== H= J# =# ZO` [", D [Q`#O^ =<~`_ LO_@O
_ J> [O. =# HeyO_@ '= Hx, Hey O_O_@ =
H^. H#H =<~`_" LO_@O J~_=Q h `H ^"!
WH D [Q`x ^~*=O\"?... nxx 'Tx H@_==,
=x [#===, WO^*=x O@#= L^Q~`_",
JO` è L#"_ O`z`=` gH LO_. JO`Qx =<==Q
D OzH q+=O^ q= HeyO_=^. U^` hH '~=~
~= J~ L#^... J^x< ~^ qOKK, D [Q`#O^ b=ÒQ
qi LO_.

4. x^# =Ò (Mere presence)

= ^~= JO`~=~# P`=" x``" #k. ~ H~ $`-
JH~ $` =##, ~ WK# `yOKH! JC_ +OK ~=iH ~=#
QOK. J@ ^suQ D [Q` qiOK. L^#_", WK~`_",
=^~`_" ==iOK.
WÔ xk=`} xu i[$O` I
nx=`} xiK= H` II (~ 56, 27)
''P`K`#" J~ L# h H 'x^#O =Ò K` xu D [Q^ =~
~O =iOk. n= H == K` H= ^k qiOk!
PHO "=# Kz#O` =Ò K` HO_== =~^~ =#K
OQ qHOk. P`x^#=Ò K`< =H= L`#=`<~.
274
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
~K~` < ^ "=x u+u I
*` ==~ u^"`^H II
JkQ, ~Q"#x K_. J`_ U 'WK O_< PHO Ht#O`
=Ò K` D [Q` K@r= J<H [#= O^` rq
<~ H^! ~=` x+_ LO_ LO_Q, J`x `=Ò K` D [Q`, WOê
==~= Oq<~.
F ~=! h= ~=` ~=Q Hey L<=. D s~^, ^~=
h= H=. ~Ò Ht WK~ÒQ `# H~}O[=# `k`~ =="
iO*Ok. J~`, ''<# D ==# =`" HtO*#... D H
== H~}= O#... Jx J#O\O^? ^, xi_, x`_ JQ
~=` H `K`< [Q`== L`#=`<~.
PÒ^ H~ $`, JH~ $`= ~O_ L<~. Wk WK~Ò H|\
''JH~. P` x^#O =`" WÔ` [~QÒk H|\ ''H~ _!

5. P` Jx" JH~
WOk= q+= Q#O^=# `~=Q ~=` ^xH _
H~Qx, HQx H<~^. J~`, WOk=O^ JO`~ÒQ '` Hey#^k?
Jk H^! JO^K`< ''H~H _ P ~=`... Jx GH~ HxK@
x~OÔQ x~~Oz KCK<~. Wk ^$+ @Hx ^#H~ ~O_ =~
U~_ LO@<~.
1. =H~ - ''~=# H~ P`. J\ P` <#
2. =JH~ - ''P` U H}=O^# H~ $`H $`= =. J\ i^
~=Q P`K`#=< <#.
D ~O_\ h Uk =x, J#=x Q#^h Jx J\ =##
^$_OQ P~OK.''= ^~=O^ "Oz L#\ z`~_#Q <# ~^
JH~<... J# =# Hey, Oz# H~=# x~i LO_. JC_H H~
K#\H x~_", H~K ^+= O^H LO\=. ''^ ~_#Q <#
Uq X#~@^ J< x= H"x z`= =$u~Ò J=Òk. =$u
~`= H~}OQ z`= "~QO O^Òk. Q= @ JH #C_ J\
r=_ JH~~_ J=`_.
F u H~}O G 275
''<<C_ JH~< H^... J# ^$_=#K ~= J=$`==O\ ~=`"

+OKQ^. H ''JO` << X#~K<# J# =H~ $à=#=#O^ u
Ok LO\"...! Jk _ =Oz^.
N~=_: D HO *#Q L`= =# =i J=Q# U ~O
LO@<~?
N =+ =i: ''^ ~_#Q <# D [Q^=# O^=# <=#k?
<HO> "~#^n ZH_ OqOK@" ^ H^! WH < ~Q"q\? ^+= ^x
g^? J# =#O^ "~ LO@<~. WH ''D ~=# H~_ Z=~?...
J# =z#C_, ''`k`~ [#K ^QO HqOK|_# < ~s~=, D
[#K eOK|_K# D =~=# s~=# _ <# =#=O^Q<
L<#. OH= =O^ LO_O_, ~OH=# JOwHiOK"_#,
P~OK"_# <<!... Jx Q<_. JC_ ~^Y= qOKK<~.
''< D Y^Y= q~=# `=QK# D [Q` H Lù
q<#= H~# << Jx x~OKH#@K J`_ Y^Y=
qOKK<~. ''< D Y^Y= q~=# `=QK# D [Q` H
Lù q<= H~# <# Jx x~OKH#@K J`_ Y^Y=#
~Ò KHQQK<_.
=#H P~O" [Q` H Lù. =## JkQqOz#C_ [Q`
~`=QK#k.

6. P` =+~ H~$`=
=+ =i:
JO H~u =`# H M^ H= I
M^q+ `H~ $`` II ( 41, ~ 56)
"= O ` =`"=t+` I
=` ~`+ `=~u II ( 42, ~ 57)
F ~=KO^! h= ZC_ =+ ~ H~ $`= HiOK@ K`< q`_=
HQ=. J\ H~ $`=K Y^Y= =Q qb#"`~. P =`"
+Ok. ~`=@ ==" ~`= u J~ L#k.
276
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
J\ =`= #O^ u O^"_ WH =~ Z#\H [# O^_. J#Q
J`x O^ ''<# [xOK#, =~}OKK<# =O\ " LO_=. '_`<#
~QK<# KKK<#... J# "h s~=` `^Ò O^"iH
=`" LO\O^x Q~ K<#.
H|\ ~=KO^! H=OQ H~ $`JH~ $`=x\h `lOz"~. =##
_ #tO*~. WHC_ U ^``=O@O^ J^x O^ ~_=H=.
JOH~O, Ô, WOk <# H^. g\ "\ H <# O|OkOz# "_#
H#. "\ H < O|OkOz#q H=. JO^K` <# ~^ x+_<...
Jx Q ''P` PkOK|_K# H~ $`=# x+kOK.

N~=_: =s! D ^$^~= `lOK|_Q JC_H P`= =Q<

K~Òk H^!
N =+ =i: WH_ XH q+O Q=xOK= L#k. D ^$==# x~Oz#
=Ò K` i^. J^ `~}O P`# =#K LO_e. JC_ `$H~=Q
~`= aOk.
''``= =# K@O - '`"(you)# ''Wk ^, P` =`" L#k J#
x+Ô` @Q..., '`` J# |=# H " L#\ 'P` qOK|_` LO_e.
P`# qOK@=O> Uq\? - ''<# P`< J~ L<#... H#H `Q<
x`_#, ~_#, JYO__#, ^_# ...J# =## H=OQ P~OK@
P`# =# K@O =! JO`H^. Z^~Q HxOK urqx K LO_Q<,
''h= ~=` ~_"-``= ...J# =## J#H}HOQ J ~=@O.
PHO "K H|_#\H, `Q ^"#^#@Q<... D OH
U~_#O` =ÒK` J`_ J^_Q@ ^. '<#h=[Q` J##Ô` P`.
W@ D [Q`Q #Ô` << J##\ ~`H== Hey LO_e.
^`|k, ^"-$O - ''<# D s~=#... s~iq`_#...
s~=` ~O=QK<#... s~O #tOK@K <# #tOKK<#... J# D
r=x H |k ^` |k. D ^`|k ~#~H= ~"#k.

x`_ ZC_ LO_"_ ~_ WH H`Q O^=#^n x"_.
JYO__ "~"~ r=Q qyOK|_x"_ ^_ `Q< ^+~`_.
F u H~}O G 277
JO^K`, U ÒK J~< ~, ''<# D OKuH^=#... J#

=## `lOz"e. L`=_, q`_ JQ XH Q$_ U" ` #
Kz, P =`xH XH ~~` xÒ H~O\_? ^ H^! J@ H~HH
=@ J`xH ["# q+O. J\Q, ~<#O K~h =$`= "\h...
D ^` |kx Z#_, Z\ i`# $tOK~^. ^`=# (H)
^`^$+ q^`# H\ LOKK#^x QOK.
Lû ~=^$+~ `= qQÒ|^ I
k` ~= f~` =Q~ II ( 48, ~ 56)
^`|kx `lOz"# =~H}O "~`=Q KO^x KOkH= ~`=
=Q P`^$+ L^~Ok. JC_ r=_ O~Q~= #O_ ìOKQQK<_.
PÒ^ u - F ~~=! WC_, WH_ ~O_ q+ +OQ,
x~+OQ, Z\ J#=< `q=O_ Z~Q=.
1) D ^^ <# H^ .2) [_= "#~}= JQ ^$= <# H^.
`^~, iz#=Q Y^Y=# P~OKx"_= J=`=. J^ =O
W@ x~O KHx LO_:
1) D ^$=HO> qH}", H^", ~=# "~ H#\^~#
''^K`#= < <#. <<# ==O@ D ^$[Q` ZH_ ^.
2) D |O_=O` <<. ^$=Q Hx# ==# H~# <<.
W@ u~iOK=# '^`=## u~i JOKe. HiOK=#
'J=` =## Hi JOKe. D ~O_O\h "qOKO@ D q
OKiOK. ^, D [Q`"o `lOz XH Ô =k x+_" O_. Jk
h W+O. ZO^HO>, L`= =# J=îOz# `~"` P ~O_\ O^ ^=O_^.
L`= x= H"_" |^=# ~^ u HeyO_=. L`=
^=Q |"` P qÔQ 'Pùx P~Oz, P `= OK~=K D
=H=# =#O K<~. J\"~ =O^h JQK<~.

7. ~~=
N~=_: =`! L`= K g~ KCK#Ô` `"#^x, J``"`=
"#^h J#@O U =Ò OÔ ^. g~ K#@ ''~=` H~ J~#\H
JH~, H J~#\H JH... J~ L<_. J`_ ~~_, ~", z<`"
~=Q H"_ _.
278
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
J`_ x~^=! ~H}= ~= _ J`_! D q g^ Kì^
} x=OKK#> P ^=^=_ ~`= JO`~OQ=# <Hx# "_
== JQK<_. <O^, gO^, ~O^ L#k J`_. J`_ <HO>
"~Q _. ^, <# P#HO> "~Q #. H#H, << ~^ Jxr=~O^#
==Q LO_<#.
=`! g "H=$` =O K` < $^=O^ WC_ |=
HtOKK#k. `= =K#=K <# ^Y~`_##. ^=^=_Q P ~=`
WK~`_. L^#_ H^! P# ^xH< H~Qx, HQx Z\ J=`_? H_.
Hx `#H `=Ò K` ~H J`= k<_. J`x OH"
D $+. H#H, nxH H~_, H~, H _ J`_. WH D ^$", WK~`_,
L^#_ JQ ~=` H K=`~"!

=s! Q~=~! < ZO^H WOH XH Q OÔ `Q@ ^.
JÒ` q#=_< P O=# g =O^ LOKK<#.
1. D [Q` `J` ~"#k.
2. q+~=Q [Q` <#. JO`Qh, XH =+~=`_# H#.
D ~O_ =# xi"Ô". WH D OKO q+xH = Wk '=^$+K
UHO =+^$+K J<HO... J~ L#k. W@=O\ '=+=+... J#|_ 'JxÒ,
H<=O JQ $+ ~=Ò^ Z\ L#k? ZO^K` L#k? Z=i H~
L#k?
~=` Jkf=, OHH=, "O^H~~`=, x~= H^!
~x O^ JO^H~O Z\ LO@Ok?... i^``=Q ~=` O^ D
[Q` LO_@ Uq\? U ~OQ LO\Ok?
''=` _# |= #O^ "@"^@ J=H~=# D [Q` LO_
L#k. P `~"` =H~=# H#_K#k... Jx JO\~? J\ J~`
'JkfOQ x~zOK|_K# ~=Ò^ JH@# u=OQ D [Q` U
~O Z@ ^y L#k?
D q+O ZO` PzOz< < J~=Q@^. ^K q=iOKO_.
N =+ =i: F ~"! h i J~# =^#O =O^ =O^ x~}
H~}O q+} ~HOQ q=iOK|_=K#k. x~} H~} =K~O
q#K#C_ D [Q` H ^~ ~"q\ h" `H Q=. JC_
F u H~}O G 279
''"HÔ =# q+= J=Òk. JYO_H~=Q P` QiOz# q+=h

Q Qx, "H= QiOz# Ô` t+x =O^ LOK\xH ^~^. J`_
Ô` HiOKO> =#x Oz`` =# O|OkOz# J<H iq`
^$+ `Qe. Ò =#O iq` ^$+# `yOKQ qh KCO@
=<O.
= L#"_ =`" q~= w`=# qx J~O KH Q_
Qx, XH P~ _ UO J~O KHQ_? JO^K`, =iHO` J=Q# `~"`
Qx <# hH q+O ukOz K_^. ''L`= P` H`~ *#=#
O|OkOz# x~+=K< J^#Q"iH =O^ Q< K _^... J#
x==# Q~=O "= \ LO\O. ZO^HO> JiH ^$+, =K~=
Q"i @ = Ô` =K< =~O H=@", H qs`~= î
f@" [~Q=K H^!
~# |`HO a#@, ~# HO ~# ^
K@" LzÒ. "# ==# ~OQ " P ~OQ KHQ Ò@Ok.
q"H=, "~Q=... L`= ==@ H k, qK~} L#"i q+O<
'P`*#= H ~H+ "H bH$Ò J=`~.

J~< HOK= KKQ PK@ h =^#O KCK<
=<#. L^~} ''~"M#O HO`=~ '|=#O^ D [Q`
H@#, JH@# ==O^ Z@ L#k... J#k q=iOK#. J~` ~
O= `Q#O`\ q~OQ KO_^. JO^K`< H, D
q+" `y#O` +OQ h= Z~Q^.
WH_ =~H =Y"# q+O. h= h P` H i^`=#,
J"`=#, `k`~ H}=# QOz# `~"` hO^ JYO_`^
OQ HQÒk. P `~"` <# KH~< _ h =^#O h"
ZQQey LO\=. WO^ O"g ^.
XH\ J*# q+O Qx, H *# q+O Qx... P q+=# Z~Q
K#k Z=~? P` H^! JO^K` *#u O^ P`^K P` #"
P` QiOz Z~QK#k.

h WO`=~ 'H~ $ÒJH~ $Ò QiOz 'H $ÒJH $Ò QiOz
_ K<# H^! h =^#O P K~< HO` KKQ J~<
280
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
QOK=#k. J~#\H ZO^H h= JYO_`~x Z~QH
L<=. ZO^K`?... nxx |\ WOH ^$"# qOK= L#^x Òk.
XH q+O =#O Q~ @H"e. "#K PHqOK|_"_ '|^_.
"<H" '"H=. ''<# =~H\ O^= #k... Jx =# K@
"# H =$u~O. JO^K` h= ''"HK# _ q_z@. |OÔ L#C_
'"H= J< H LO@Ok. ''< |O^= ^ Jx Z=~ Q~ "iH WH
'"H= H H ZH_k?

JO^Q# "@"^@Q D ^$ q+=K i~"#\ ~[H
`=H "## H=H=OQ =^HO@ ~"e. P =O< '"u "^#
"# QOK. "# `~HOQ P~<, HH=OQ
"<~`= " ^$+ iOK. JO`H~}O U q^"# 'WK x"_" H=
H=OQ '=H*#H= J~#\ ux JOKK ~=. ^$"< #O
''z<`= J< "#K iOK. ''JOÒ`=` _# i~==K ''<#
D ^=O` P`~_< xO_ L<#... J^suQ, Z=~=i` O+OKK<<,
J\ D ~r=O^ << ==` ~=K i~_< L<#... J#
=^~=# Pk LO_. '=#|k OK#~=Q "# @ LH,
=#=# JO K LO_. H=OQ =<|^ i`lOK|_Q JC_
+OK P` ~O #O^ ~ =^#O HeyO_. P `~"` U JOH~O
K`... ''<# "# i`l<# J# x=QO Hey<"... J\ P JO
H~x _ i`lOK. ZO^HO> Jk _ ^ ` H# #O_ U~_Òk H^!

8. ``~O K=^
N =+ =i: F ==f! ~=KO^! F ~`~! ``~O =Ò K=^.
D =#=[# JÒ` L` $+"#^x, Wk JÒ` ^~OQ =`" aO^x
G= +<~. D J=H=# `Qsu LyOKH=@" LzÒ.
r=x H D JO`~OQO XH xa_O^H~= K@ Kx LO\Ok.
JO^ ''}O^# HH# "# q+=, "\H ^~= =O\
JOH~= "^# ^+K qKq_Q OKi<~. "\x x~kOKe,
<#O Ke. JO^Q# ''JYO_|H~= J~# |kx Oê.
F u H~}O G 281
ZC_` h=.. 'q=# Jf`=, H= z#=... J~#\ h H

~=iH ~=#O^ ~_" LO\", =~H}O hH 'Jkf |#O^
~= K D =~=# q+` H=# ~^ =#" KQ=. J\ =H
~_=Q h D H= JÒ` [OQ< h~[#O @Q=.

9. '=_ JO>?
N =+ =i: "#h $^= #O_ ~è, Z=_` ~Ò^
zO`~`_ LO\_, J`_ =_. J`_ '~"~_ Jx _ K|_K<_.
= P JO`H~}O #O_ ~`|_Q, J\ '^`H~}O` _# =#A_
q=_. J\"_ ~HH ==~= `lOz '=kx JOK KO_ QH!
H D OK=# ==iOKKO_ QH! J`x =H`=# =K >g ^.
<+~} # `~, # `~ - H~a I
# =^# [O, x~#O =# II
D z`= "<~`"# `~"` P WH <+~=KQx, =kKQx,
[=KQx H`Q OkOK=#^n LO_^.
F HH}~! ~=KO^! "= = G=# Ju x}``
qKiOKO... KHO XHi` =~H~O P^`GO QiOz ^ ^ O+O
K<O... W\ Z<~ G~=#, A =K#=#, #==#
QQ qìOz, D L`= x~xH =KO - ''"<`QO J=OaOz Pù
O^ ~O H=@O... J# ^= HO> L`="# ^= =~H_ Un ^.
J<H~ "= ^k OKi J< `~Q` =` O+OKO.
^~ ==Q |O# Ziy#"~ HO^~ =`" `~_K<~."~ "<
~` O``Ò`+O` i~# P#O^~ OKi<~. "<
~`" =H.

10. WH_ Ja+O`y#^k?

N =+ =i: J D OK=#O^ 'W+= J~+= J~# ^xHO> "~Q
U=#k? W+Jx+= H~H D ~r= uOKK<~. z`"q@O> D
Wx+=HO> a#"#\ 'P``` = H~ J< uOK@ ^.
282
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
D HH"kH H _ J<``=Q ^^ H~H K<~ Hx,
P` H~H J<H=Ok zOK@ ^.
` |H K ~ K =^` I
"q Hu= U= ^$< ^$+^$+ II ( 32, ~ 57)
z^H~=Q |=# HìOKHx# =`... D |~
`H=... ZH_ Qx `~_@ ^.
D [# J< ''Wk `lOKe... Wk QOKe... J# =#=`
_Hx# `[ Q |k< Hey LO@<~? `[-Q |k qOz#\
*#Q =` OY JOQ< LO\O^! XH_ KH=i J~, D =O_
=O` U=K QH! ^ WO^^= Ok '=$+H JkHi J~, "=O^
"tOK =K QH! H =~}^=# Ok [=# PHqOz LO_=K QH!
H^, Q^h Ok ~Q J@ W@ qi LO_=K QH...! J~`
=Ò UO? P r=xH Ou H~" JQK#k. P`K ` =iOH ^xK` _
D r=_ qOu O^*_. P`#=O WOk^# x|~z#"iH
aOk. WOk= J< `=# [~Oz#"~ ~. "~ =n=O`.
F [#~! D [##=~} ~ [~=# LqO* ^K<~?
J~` g~ P`*#Q =`# gOKO_. qOKO_. P` =K~O
HiOKO_. ìOKO_. JO` Qx D ^~= @ U~_ W~+=# <=
" KuH_ ~x LO_=^. <#~! D `~ H=x\
# L#k OK`= H^! WOê ^~=h OK`= "#O
=`". WOH P~= == Uk L#k? =i |k=O`_, n~_ J~#"xH ZH_
"o< H`Q O^^=O@Ok?
Ja+O `y#Ô@ WH_H_ Un ^. Uk Z\ - Jk J> [~QKO_Q,
WH `lOK=#k =Ò ZH_ U=#k?
P`*#" ==Q Qey#\ =h WH_ T~H HO =~
~KH~. "~ "^=O^ =zOK|_# '|= H "^ Uq\
Q<~. H=H=OQ |=` 'J^= HìOKO@<~. JO^K`
"iH D OK=O` Q^[O (P= Hey@ <# `Ò> U~_#
QO@x [O) = JÒ` OQ `KK#k. Z=~` |AK, G=K
K|_K# # ^~OQ q_<_, q+#OQ =`" =i<~,
J\"iH D O~= H ==^= = Ju q~OQ H#_K#k.
F u H~}O G 283
qz` HO^~ ~^^==# H <\ P`#O^=<

J#q LO@<~. J\"iH D |O_=O` KuHOkOz< ~, WO^
`H` Un "iH HxOK@^. #`#"# [#=g "iH LO_@^.
''=<#~OQ< J#=O LO\Ok... WH D =*O U~_ H``#
"=#k?... Jx "~ =## t<~. =i, =_... W\ D J [Q`
~[= "^# Y= H~H Hk [# q<#=# ``=Q
''^=, "= "^# HO^ uQx LO@<~. =#=[# H J~,
``~ W"? H^. `` *x [OQ< '^= JQK<_. ^~OH~O,
^~ "^#q J`xH `K=Q, Ju xO^=Q `KK<~.
*# ^$+ D ^$= =`~ ^~=O@ Un ^. JÒ`
L` $+"#kQ qOK|_ |^=x ^" fH... Jk _ =HO`=#
#tOKÒk, H#H J"#^ H^! ''= } qO H=\xH, Lù
H=\xH ``=QK# |^= _ =#H =^` _Hx#^ Jx
K|_Òk. J\ ^q J*# ^$+ Qk H=K<" Qx, *# ^$+
H^. *# ^$+, ''x`^=H JYO_=, Ju= JQ ~=#
~ LO_@O J<^ Jx\H qOz# ^=. JO^K` *xH |^=x
^=#O^ _ 'PHOH LO_^.
``"` ^$+ D $ ^K Ug L`#= HH LO\Ok. H#H, D
=H= O =Ò P` H`Q =z K~k Uq LO@Ok? H^q
LO@Ok? WkQ... D QO KK"? Wk XH " ~`=`#, =~H "
[=`# xO_ L#k H^! =^ L# D Q=x '~[= J# XH
= H`Q Ki *xx ~xQ KO^? ~= Ziy# `~"` ~[=
ZO`\ q? Q= ZO`\ q? J D s~= ZO`\ k? ^=, x`= JQ
K`#=#, J*#[x`=# ''< ~[O < QO < "~... J#"\H
O|O^"H_? JO^K` P`*xH D `~ qQ= ZH_ _
J=O H~="#n J=O O^=#n Un <^. ~^ ~` UH`"
J`xH H#|_K#k. J`_ `#`< PHO = q"# ~O Hey LO@<_.
ZC_ z`_ LO@<_. ^==K, J<H ~~ =uiH q+K
xO_# D uH= J`xH =$Q`$ [OQ, x~HOQ #
~OQ LO@<~. J`xH g\O^ O`=, ~=}` =`" QKi
<~. J`_ "\Hx\H Jf`_, P "\x K<_. 'D [Q`x ^~ *
=O` `K=, HeH=... Jx QOz J`_ =iOKK<_. ~x ^$+ U
284
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
^~=#O^ 'Oz`=iq`= J=^ H^! *x ^$+ U =Ò PH~}
qH~} O^@ ^.
'|O J< x~ =Ô D '^$== JO` #~Q|_QH~\
=O\k =`". |= PHOx ~_ O_Q, D [Q` '=$Q`$+x
[= =O\k.
P``` =OkgK ~~[ I
J#`==Ô^ =$+ G^$+ II ( 47, ~ 57)
D H#|_ $+h P`==Ôx `~OQ =O\q. WH_ H#|_ qq^
G~= ~`==Q '~|O J# "O #O_ =iOK =~^~ =O\".

WH_ U"q H#|_K<, J=h _ 'P` K`< Ht`=QK<~.
K=`~O KK"? P` "=~OQ HeyO_ _ D r= J<
iz# ^==# Hey LO@<~. O=`, 'H=Q J< Q_
~H# q<~. *#=~# J~"# L^ OkOKHx _
=$QÒQ ~uQ Q_K<~. Wk L`==? ~H=xOKO@O^?
N~=_: g! D ^=x\H [#"q\?
N =+ =i: D ^==#+ `k`~ J=O` ^=h J*#=#
P~Oz# JQr= "o H~H xiOK|_K<~. D J<H r=
JO[~h J*# r=# |OkOK\xH J=~|_# ZH # =O\".
|O^#= H~H O~~}O Wq U~_ LO@<~. K~=K H|_# `
==O\ D ~H=O ^=# Q=O^ U~~z LOz#k J*#
~=O\ r= q<^~" =!
WH_ q+ |^Yi`" JQK<~. J~` =O^"# "
gzH ~`x H^Q"? ~`yQ q"Hx D O~_O|~=O` `H<<
`H^. WH_ q+, q J`xx U =Ò H^=.
*x ~^ ~`==Q |^=#O^ u Hey LO@<_. J`_ nx
#O` H_=ÒQ Oî, ~^Q Pk<_. `` *#= H z`HO
K`< '| "^Q H D [Q`#O`\ h HtO *K<~.
z`H= H =OK`< D <`= "II WOk=, D |n, D
^= W=h _ =iOKQQK<~. HQ | "^#
"~ XH" ^~`=Q P`# q"zOz K<~. =~H" ^`==K
D ^^# ~HOK ^~=# x~i<~.
F u H~}O G 285
*x D ^= Ok#O^ [#OQ `#Oê Q"##

OH~O *H=\xH `= K<_. q"# $Ô, ^=
q`= J~#\ JO`H~}=# O^K, D ~^~=O^ PHx `lOz
"<_.
~=t=_ ~f^q #$`=< Ja+_ Qx, H` #$`=# H^ H^!
q``H~}_H ^x\ Ja+ LO_^. WH_ #$` w`^h J`xH zH
= J~~`" LO\~. XH ~`= `# O^ uaOaOK "\@ 'g\x
<# ~^ Hey LO_e Jx =# KO^? `#O^ uaOa` ==
O^@K `# "=#k? #+"=#k? J#~H U=#k? q~H U=#k?
*x D [Q`^~=#, O@## Jiz` Q=Ox Jiz` WO\ [iQ
o O^_Q ^~OQ `# LO_ K LO\_.
J*x ^$+ WH_ XH Q_~H #O_ |H= =~ D ^~=h
~OQ#, ^~ÔQ# L<~. *xH... Wq, h\O^ uaOaOK 'PH=
KO^_#H`= Q... J~=, J`=, Ju KOK= J~
L<~. ZO^HO>, J`_ `` ^$+K WÔ` q^~OQ îOKK<_.
WH_ J `K q+Y=, `k`~ ==~= J`xH ux HeyOK@
^. |O^= HeyOK@ ^. H~ u~~ " JfÒQ g\x J`_
=#~_ K<_.
J`_ ^xh HeyO_@ ^, `lOK@ ^. J`_ JOwHiOK_,
u~iOK_. `k`~ J*#` `# _ LO@#\H "i J=Q#, P~,
P "^#q J`xH J"H` _# z~#= =`" \<~.

F ~=KO^! D q+" XHC_ |$u =~_Q HK_ K# XH

q`"# =$Ò`=# qx#.

286
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
IX. HKx Q#O

1. HKx qK~}
N =+ =i: ^=` Q~= |$u. P# XH =~_ L<_. J`x ~
HK_. P HK_ '|q^# XHC_ '=##= K`, xk^K` Q JOz
L<_. J\ JO H iHO K` PÒ^ qOu O^_. '=H*#O
(Equality towards everything everywhere, all times) J< J=$Ò #O K_. WH J`x
|k... OK`=K `~ K|_# Ju xH$+=... JQ D ^$=

#O^ U=Ò J#~Q=Qx, q~Q=Qx O_ ~Ok. L^#__.
P` HO> "~Q O^=#^n J`xH HxOK@^. JC_ P`_ D qÔQ
P```x Q#O K<~OaOK_.

HO H~q H QKq HO Q$q `*qHO I

P`< iÒ qO =HO|< ^ II ( 5, ~ 58)
N HK_: P! WC_ <<q Ke? ZH_H "e? ^xx QOKe? =
O D |O_=O` [O` xO_=K#@, D q=O` P`K
i~" XCK#k H^!
== P`="#x <# `<#. `` *<Ô H#O`=~H ^
Y= ## gOK~. *#O L^~OzO^, ^M=... P ^Y=#
J#qOK r=... P r= W+=QK# Y=... JO` _ H=O '#=
=`" Jx `KK#k. ''== P`="... Jx QOKKO_Q WH H
k U=Ok? O^^=Ok? P`K`< ~^Y~`_#QK<#. P` "~#
== ZH_ Un ^ H|\, WH < ^x=#_ U `H"# LO_^.
~=? =~H=? `H=? J=h _ P``< xO_ L<~. WH
"\ ^"H_? P` J~LO_@K, - ^"H_? D s~= H @,
, ~ kO^, #, HO^... JO`\ ~` P` "Oz#k. P`
xk, P` Hxk J~# K@ Uk? Un < ^.

F u H~}O G 287
'O_ H PH~= L#Ô^? =\< H^! D [Q` JO` ~^ J>

PÒ^ L#k. =\, ''J! <# O_#<? Jx "^# KO^Ò^? ^
H^! =\ ~^ =\H^!
~`=`` ~=`=O`" I
~""^=` = =`<="=" II ( 8, ~ 58)
J#Q D [Q` Jk#O P`. WH q=~=OQ K... P` D [Q`
~=# HtOk. `` ^$+K WÔ` P` J~ L#k. D qÔQ <#
Z" ~=` ~=Q PÒ^ <Hx<#. H|\ i^=Q
~=` <#. |=|^=_ J#|_Ô` <<.
''~=`HO> "~Q 'r=_ J#|_"_ XH_ L<_ Jx JO>... Jk
q^` _# u^# =`". ~=`HO> J#OQ YO_~=# <# #.
JO^K` <# D K`#JK`# ~=O^ JO`\ _ P`~_< "Oz
LO@<#.
''#= (Absolute Existence) J~#\ P` PH=O_=# _
~O K" ~` "K#k. x~=, x`k`=, JYO_= J~#\
P` ~=Q Q <# P q+}=xO\H ~^, ~`# `y
L<# H^...!
H#H =Ozk! WC_... ''<# i~_< P#O^~_<, Y=_<
UH=Q P` ==^=#O^ JO`\ ~^ `_<<#... Jx <K
QOK|_K#k.

D qÔQ P HK_ Q#O K L<_. W\ =# 'O[ J~#\ 'FO

H~=# LKiOK P~OaOK_. FOH~= H 'J~=`= #O^ ==
O K"_. WC_ J`_ JO`~=Q 'H~}= #O^_. =
J~#\ 'H~= #O^ _ u HeyO_^. H=O ~=` ~=
=Ò =# K<_. = H<HOH= ~Ò K<_. ^__.
'}Qux _ $^=#O^ qO K_. "~`=Q x~HOQ
''x~O`H~}_... J_.

288
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
2. PÒ
N =+ =i: F ~=KO^! ''~= P` J# ^~#= Ok# `~"`, J\
r=x H J=Q## h è*\xH D HKx =K## =iOz
K#. Q=# #q LO_~^. P`< P~Oz LO_@O LzÒ.
D OK= H#|_K#=h gH Wq... ''J#=#=
OQ== ... WO` =`" H^! WO` qOz WH_ P ^~= Uq
~~O L#k? q"H J~#"_ D q+x u $` O`,
^~= KCK# L^=K`, #=OK` x~OKO@<_. WH
P`_ Q=# U=Ò PtOK@ ^.
F [#~! g~ , H^Q =_, ''hK=, #tOK ==
Hey#q... J~#\ q+Q= @ qO Hey LO_@O Lz`=? J!
Q_^ = x= L`==Q D =#=[## =$^~KH=@O =Oz^?
''~H=O= =`" J~# D `K s~^ g JOH~ ==H~=
(<#, <k-J# ==) ZO^ U~_K<~? g\ 'H=, qH `
WOHg L`= q+ a<~ KO_? P~x^"^<H iq`
H^KH#"~ [O` L^# qOz UO Q [#O O^K<~?
D q JO` =\="...! =$H=h H`< xO_ L<~...! ''#
PHO HO^ q Q D OKO Y^=Q J~ == Uq L#k? D
WOk=# Q=x, Wq Z\HC_ J"# q+ O^\xH P~@
_K<~. Jq ZO` Kz<, qx<, Ok< q"H= O^\xH U=Ò
=`=Q@ ^.
<<! ~=! D 'O~~}O OKiOK [#H ==~=h
qKiOK|_#O` =`" ~=}OQ LO@<~. Hx J=h z=~ "
`=Q< i}q<~. O, D =#=_ Y=# Qi# J<H P
Hey LO@<_. "\ "\ H~H '=O^ =O^ dOKQ# Jx J#O@
` `= K<_, J=h ^Y^= J=`<~. WH_ Q
== q+H+=#, qQ q^^ JO` LO_@ ^ H^!
D OKOk=, D =# u H}O U"" ==# O^@O,
H=@O K<~. D q+O^# KKHx =i#O` @^. =# D
Q Q s~= U H}"< `#O H=\xH ^_ LO@<~.
F u H~}O G 289
ZO`\ z`"# q+O! D r=_, ~HO, =OO, K~= O`=K

U~_K# ==O\ ^=# Kz ''P! D" < ~... D" ZO`
JOÔQ L#k...! Jx `KK =i=K<_. J\ =O qH J=iH#
PeOQ#O KHx 'WO`qOz WOHq H"e? Jx `z q*#, q"H= =~=
#O_ "^QK<_...! F ~=! WÔ` J*xH O`+^"` JQQH! *xH
WÔ` JÒ` KÔ, J~O, J`= _. ~# J=Q# O> Wk ^Y
^". D q+Q=# JO` ^~O< Kz# q"H "\x q+`=#
Q=x<_. q+= Ok#O` =ÒK` 'Q`$+ H}OKQ^? ^.
Òi`[QO "H`QuO[ I
J<`="# zÒu=Q`" II (. 11, ~ 59)
W\ Q=O^ q= `lOK@ =Ozk. h= H=O P`<
P~OK. ~}"_, qOK. JO` Qx Q"## JkHO KO@ J<`
~=Q ^^ QiOz =## K<=^. J\ hK=#O^ h z`=
u OkO^... =~H}= #O_ J#=Q D [Q*=O` =z Z^~Q
xz LO\Ok.

3. |= : |^=_ K`#= : $+
N ~=_: =s! |= #O_ ''|^=_ J# =+r=_ Z@
H\ `=QK<_ q=iOKO_. J`x H =#K D [Q` Z\ Lù
K|_Ò^ _ KO_.
N =+ =i: |= #O_ "@"^@ 'OHeOK@ J# q+=` _H#
=# ~O XH =H~@O L`#=QK#k. 'ZQ@ J# ``= #O_
|_e# P ^=HK`#" ^= r=_. P`_ ~}Q~_, |^=_
_. J\ ''OH`H =<~=, He`= J~# PH$u Q K`# =Ou
q$+H O|OkOz# `= X#~K#k.
J`x J\ OH" =HH"# `[=# ~zOKK#k. P OH
~O~==~O `# `[K kh "OKK#k. Jiz#", P=~}
~`" XCK#k.
J\ |^=_ K`~Y_ "QO^K<_. D =<|kz`
JOH~= J`x K`~Y=. J\ K`~Y= ~}K (`# =< `[=K)
290
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
''^$" (Not different from his own self) J~#\ D H#|_ ^$[Q`#
xiOKK<_. J#Q... =# ~}Q~_. P =#K QOK|_^ ^$[Q`.
<#, h= `k`~ _ =##O^ =#K =# H~ D [Q`# W@
O^K<O. J@ ''H<=~= K $+OK|_ `*=O_= #Oê `[=
#O_ ~=O_O L^qOzOk. P ~=O_O Jy* =O\ `# H~}=K
PH=# xO"Ok.
J@ ~_ xiOK|_# `~"` +Oz# H~=# `qk q^Q
qlOK|_~. J@ `qk=Ok *` U~_~. "~ |^=x OHOK
= ^ Ok#"~ OH=# J#iOK~. `^#~OQ `= Z^@
= ^~=# K_Q~. ''=sz "^# D *`K`< ^=`,
^#= "^# qq^=# r=~ U~_<~. "iOH J<H ==`,
`` =`, ` _# [##, ==# $+OK~. HH=OQ `,
` "^# ~O~K D $+ JO` i=~=#=QK#k.
P `~"` =+ $+ JOHiQ |^=_ "Ô~}O K@ ^~
D [QuO^ 'xu x HeOKK<_.
WH_ h= QOK=#^q\? =# P qÔQ q=Q |^=x
~O îOk. J@ îOz ''ÒùK i""# D OH= $+x
qiO*Ok, WH D $+ '=Ô~`=$Hk "^# J<H
^~=K ~" LO\Ok. Jx k# PHqOz# L^~QO Hey LO\Ok.

H=OQ D '$+ J#|_ [Q^$= J<H s~H Y^Y=`#, =#H

=^`#, [~, [#=~}=`# _#^ LO\Ok. JO^K`< ''D ^$=#
`lOz#"~ LO_O_ Jx P``` = =zOK G= =# KC K<~.
''=#K HeOK|_#k =`"... J~#\ D $+ ==~=O` ~Q ^+
==Q ^$+K QOK|_O^... WÔ` 'LkQ` H~}=QK#k. J\ =<
H# O^ u H ~[H `=< uQ} xO_Q PHqOKHx
LO@<~.
WC_ XH =Y"# q+O uk<#. ~}Q~_ JkQ ~O
"# D =<= $+ JO` P`^$ 'x^ JQK#k. JO^K` '~`
H PÒuH#== H~H P =<=$+ "Ô\ `lOK|_eO^.

F u H~}O G 291
|^=x #O_ D =# Pq~qOk H^! D =# W`~ HO

U ==# Z@ ^$=#OQ OkO^, D H=#O^ <\ =~ J>
O^K#k.
D =#, nx H '=+`= ^$ ~`=O^ L#k. =+ ^$
Wk Hx `=O^ =`" =##= HeyO\Ok.
D OK=# OHeOKK, `^#~OQ `# `< gHOKK#k D
=# H^! WH_ a# '[Q<= JO` =#K JH`Q HeOK|_
~Ò O^Òk.
JO` OH|" - OH|O K`< [Quh L`#=`<~.
OH|O K`< ^=` xuH = "=_K<~. OH=K [xOz#
$+ ^= ^#"k KH=~ `= `= ==#\ uH~[H`=H
=$`# H\ ~} O^K<~. WH_ [#[~|O^=~}^h
OH=`=.

4. $+ LO~O
XHHC_ uH~[H`=H =$`K D $+ =~ =~ QQ
_OK|_K#k. JC_ =<=[x`_ JQ |^=_ ^#= "Kx
LO_, W@ OHe<_...
''P! D `=, q, PH=, k, ~=~=, ~^,
LO^_, =O^_, ~`=, Q~= "^# P ^~=` _#
=+ [QÒ` =# H O^#K`< U~~K|_K<~ H^!
=# H Hj`" WÔ`. =# < #O_ qOk. H#H, D
==~= $+ JO` < #O_ L^qOKK#k. WÔ` < OH". nxx
#" "^[eOk <<. J\ D OH=# WC_ q~qOK^#QH! -W@
xO KO@<_. O`_QK<_. 'H# J# J#~OH@= #O_
q~u (withdrawl) KO^K<_.
J\ =O J<kQ ~^ kOz L# |=# =#K iOK
~OaOKK<_. JO`... WH ~} =Ò K`< J`_ ~=`# O^K
<_. ==~= #K# XH =H ZO` J=@K, P ==~=
=y# `~"` XO@iQ L#C_ YqOux O^K<_ KK"? P |
292
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
^=_ _ J\ qOu< P~OKK<_. 'P` H PH~=Q<
HtOKK# '|^= #O^ qb#z`_ JQK<_. JOH~ ==H~
`lOz ~|=# Oux O^K<_. J x =ÔQ PÒ^
`_QK<_. ''=#= J=îOz#"_, "f`_... JQK<_.
J\ LO~} =Ox `ÒQO Uq\ =iOz K`#, q#-
=^= J #O_ q_=_#@, |^=_ [Q` x~}xH =
H~H=Q q+= ^#= ($+ @ J^) #O_ q_=_K<_. W@
`KK<_-
qK~uO~O Y^Y=x`" I
P`~Ô ~Q^+`~" II ( 41, ~ 59)
''P! D O~=O` ^Y=x`" H^! WÔ` r=xH P
~= Q< Ok. Wk ~Q ^+ =` xO_ LO\Ok. < `Q
D r= J*#=K ^$=# |^`<~. ^ ^ [##=~} ^M#
O^K<~. g~O` LîOK|_k Z\?
H=OQ ^~ z`_QK<_. r=~ YO H~ "Hx kOK Q
''P^`G= # ~zOKK<_. "^ "Ô` OQ=#, ~}=#
~zO*K<_. J\ 'H O^ <#, "_, "bH "^#"~=O`
xqOK|_"~" =!
J@ P |^=_ '$+ J# D i= #O_ "=_ `# ~^=#
(past glory) O^K<_. |=` SH=, J^= J`x ~^=. J\
~^x J=OaOz, Q gK#\ =O =^x =... ~= O`

_QK<_. D suQ ~=# "K<_. J#Q, J`_ D [Q`#
He<_. gH<_. G ~K#K x=^ HeOKHx =~
P`_QK<_.
N~=_: W@ '$+ H '^$= H H# LxH L=#=
H~}=QK# =<~_Q |H LxH ZK@?
N =+ =i: ""xH |^=_ z`~_. J`_ OH~`_.
OHeOK@ =#=O^ LO_ L<_. J~#\H `#H 'WK K H=#
J#QOK@ H~ H==~ ~}_QK<_.
""xH J`xH P~# ^. J<^~} _ ^. s~Q}= ^...
<<`= ^. J`xH K`#=uq<#= _ =.
F u H~}O G 293
J`xH Jx ==, z`=$` _ =#". ~^ i~~_

'==^= = "K<_. Hx, XHHC_ `# J"`= @
xîOz, [Q`@ *QiK<_. P =+ OH~_ JQ |^=_
|= HO> "~#"_ H^.
WÔ` W\ LO_Q '|=` UH= J# JÒ` uH u XH\ L#k.
Jk x++ $^, ^~~Ò Ok#"~ =`" î<~. "~
''=# |= J# J#==# J~QK<~.

5. ''$+r=_ i}= K=`~O

$+ U~_ L#\ K`#=< 'r=_ JO@<O. J~`, D r=`= U~_H
=O^ P`H B#`= u Hey L#k. D $+H ~=Q z^H= L#k.
=##O^ ~= U~_, QOK|_`~ KK"! P qÔQ< z^H=
#O^ D $+ U~_K#k. x~ O`[O P=$`= U~_K#C_,
P=$`= [O HO> "~H^ H^! J\Q, [Q` - ^$= O|OkOz#
z`=$` ''z^H= HO> "~ Jx J#\xH g^.
J\ $+x ^=~= '*` Jx K|_K<~. P *`
OH=# J#iOK 'xu "^#q U~_K<~.
z^H= - $+ O~= : *` F+^ KO^H
H# OH=: ^=` H~O^ PH=#= : `k`~ r"^.
*` - g~ ^= $+x "~. giO^ |*#= `^"
LO\Ok. J~` ''"= `k`~ r= =#u H~ L# "^#"\x
HeOKe... J< O~O Hey LO@<~.
^=` - *` U~_# `~"` J^ H# ^=` ~=# L^~Ok.
g~ O~= ==Q Hey LO@<~. g~ L^ =Ò K`<
|*#O O^K<~.
=#+ - giH ~+ Ò K` =`" |*#O aOk. ^
OQ=, =, WOk [= "^# L=# J<
|O^=# `lOKQQK<~. ''L`== J~#\ '|*#= ~=
=~ "~ =}=##=# P~OK= =Ok.

294
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
D qÔQ D $+ '$+= H OHe`= J~#\ J<H L#`#,
'[= "^# Lz`H~`#, ''^+=, ~Q=, =, iq`^$+... "^#
x+^ q= H~`# HtOk. WO^ "tOKK# r= "= ~=
^`` =Q P` J~#\H, "~ 'O^@H=@ "^# H_H`HO
J=OaOz LO@<~. Qi<~... O<~... ^d<~.... XHi`
=~H~ HK_O@<~. "i "~ "^_O@<~. D qÔQ Lz`,
J#z` ~|H~ "Q=` $+x P ==~=O` =iÒk. J<H r=,
r=*` H^ ==~=` =iOK D $+ ''|^=x OH=
H |OK`< '` # O^K<~.
D uq^ $+ W@ LO_Q< D r=_ ~^ |"#x QOz LO_.

6. $+H =O WK!
N~=_: Ò_ =+ =s! J#OÒY n`=`# D r=Q}=O` ZH_
#O_, ZO^ Z\ =z $+ "t<~?
N=+=i: Q=O`_Q |^=_ XH =O ''P`=k (P`# =`"
îOKKO_@) =#= J# ~O LO_ `# ==# q_z, z, D
$+ ~O~==# U~~KK<_. J`x WK WÔ`. JO^K` ''$+H =O
WK Jx K|_Òk.
J@ U~~K|_# D $+ H [Q` J<H=Ok =$``Q r= z
_K<~. "~ 'r=#`$+ J< QeH H@=z WO^ #K<~. ^$+^=
##iOK WÔ` U~_ LO\Ok.
D `*=O` (H, WH_ r=h) |=#O_ KK<~...
[Q^$=# JOwHiOz O~O[~= "t<~. 'U^ Oê, K_e,
H"e "^Q ~OQ '`$+ [Q^ ~=O`\ H =H~}" LO\Ok.
D OK`= s~^h PHO #O_ ôH} = |_
K<~. WH_ OKuH xi`=h PHOOz |î, =~ PHO<
=`<~. 'PH" D~x ^=`_ Jx JO^H GH~ K~.

[O #O_ `~OQ <~ H^! D r=Q}=h J<k Q
'|^= #O_ L`#O JQK<~. |= K`< |= #O^ H<^$+K
F u H~}O G 295
O^|_K<~. Q " "tOKK#@ D r=Q}O PHO

*~K<~.
JO` OH=`" - r= ~|=#O^ PH "=` _ OK~O
H#y<~. D r=, D PH "= ~|= #O_ OH=O
K`< U~_K<~.
`[ (Jy) [= $kq W=h $+OK|_# `~"` r=
}"=K PHqOK|_K<~. Jx\H =O OH". =<|k
z`JOH~= =#" eOQ^=.
~=` ==Ô eOQ^ `~OQ J#OÒQ U~_K<~.
''}"=``<`J#=[= J=h H OKq^ "=Q
=~K<~. P OKq^ "= Ô "t<~. J@ "tOz
'`[ H =O O^K<~. J@ `[ =# Ok# r= }
~=# ê D [Q`#O^ L`#QK<~. J~` ZO^H "i *#O
JiHOQ, J@OQ LO\Ok.

7. r"ù r=`#=
H ~, =<=`, H;s~~ JQ r"a=# $+
O^ U~_ LO@<~. "~ =<^H#~O '^==~O "t<~.
~KO^Ô J=~ H~=^=# _ P"#\ PH H@~O
LO@<~.
~KO^_ L^~OKQ< 'PHH@~O H eOQs~`=Q $+
=O "tOKK<~. `~"`, "~ KO^H~}= "t<~. JC_
KO^H~}= OK +x OkOKHx, P H~}= ^~ ~ ~"#
=# P~<~. J@ KO^H~}= #O_ "~=_, a_ è eO_#
P~Oz#@ = "tOz =`$Q~O Hk =O LO_ LO@<~.
P = ~H~}= =# HO O^K<~. "\x *`,
[# lOK@O [~QÒk. JC_ P x r= 'g~= H ~x
QOKK<~. g~~= #O^ =i` LO_ LO@<~. P `~"` "~
#O^ "tOz =`$Q~O LO@<~.
N~=_: P u "# LO\? LO> ZH_ LO\~?
296
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
N =+ =i: r= PHO L#C_, Q~O L#C_, Q_x^~
L#C_ _ "i "# J}y, b#" LO@<~. =\O^ O_, H
O^ Jy =QQ L#@ "# _ Q~t=#O^ J}y LO@<~. P
`~"` P L^# Ok Q=~O<, Q=~O< x<~.
D QOîh =YOQ ~O_ q^Q ql LO\~. Jq-
1. r=#_ 2. q=Q}
r=#_ - D`_ ~[# ~= "~Q rq`= Q_#\<_. J#Q
Q= H~ HO_, H*#= H~, x~ $Ô H~ H~#
X#i#"_. QH ~`==@O K`, J\"_ ^"OO`_, uH=$ux
HiOz r=#_ ==iOKK<_.
q=Q} - D`_ ^=xx Ok _, [#=~} ~O~#
ÒKH#@^. Q_ LO@<_.
Q =~H q^"# qQO q#-
^= *u - D`_ P`#O_ ^==Q U~_<_. D`x #O_
`k`~ $+ U~_ LO\Ok. D ^= *u``=# O|OkOz#"xH =~
[xOK@O J<^ LO_^.
~[ u - g~ H= uO`=~ ^ ^ [x< L<~.
H= u - g~ ~^ P``` = qKiOz LO@<~. J\"~ Ju
OY LO\~. JO^K` ^~. g~ *<#O^= ~ LO@<~.
D r= =iHO^~ H=H=OQ uH` =ê `=QK<~. "~
`=, =_ =~` =~ ~K<~. "i QiOz =#O `~"`
`~"` KCOÔ. "~O` ''<# Z=~? D ^$"q\? J< H ~O_
H=O ^$=` O|O^=# HeOKHx J<H uQÒ^ ^~K<~. J<H
Y^Y=# O^` D [# H~ KH= iq<~.

[# O^` _ 'O~== # D+<ÒQ _ O^x r=

_ L<~. "~ #~# L<~. ~ L<~... [O`=# L<~.
N~=_: =s! `= H=u?
N =+ =i: <# L`= P` qK~}~_# =`". H= u_# H^.
ZO^HO>, H=uxO^ =k#O_ q= HQ* QeQ^n LO_^.
F u H~}O G 297
J`xH ~|= J<^ LO_^. Hx < q+=O D ''~[ ~`= J<

q=, H ~|= LO_< L#k. JO^K` <# WOHOKO ~[u_< Qx
i~=Q H= u_# Q^.

8. ``^=
N~=_: =i < q+= g?
N =+ =i: h= < = = ^=k Q} Ok<=. Hx WOH
P`^=#O^ qOu aOK^. O~Ou WOH OQ `Q= LOk.
JO^K` '`` Ô QiOz =iHO` f=OQ qK~}, ij# J=~O. J~`,
=# D qK~}==< ~==# O^Q q==# Hey L<=.
''QQ qK~}Ke J# ~+H~= P~OK"~ H = ZO^
*~~? J\ P`` UH`=, P` H}=h O^@O... J# ~= Q '``
^" ~"`="#k. J\ L`"`= ^= O^\xH ur=# L#k.
JO^K F ~[#~! g~O` L`=qK~}^H=Q Q~=#,
G=# P~OKO_. x===` uHH~ PKiOKO_. x=`"
"H= Jx K|_Òk. P`# g~ ~^ Hey L<~. ''<# ~^
"H~_<... J# ~=Q ''|-" =## Ok LO_O_. J\
J=Q# =iOK@ D =#=[# L`="# J=HO. D J=H=#
=$^~KHHO_.
J\ ~#=O Ok#, O^K# =h =# =^< HO^~
`H L<~. "i H~H "`HO_. ''g~O` '~`= H J#== "Ò@
D D #O^ "t<~... Jx Q~K<#. J\ J#=O ^~=#,
q+=# Ok#O` =Ò K` OKQ^? ^. JO^K` # Q
K @= ^#[#=<# =Ò K, L`=H =# U==HO_.
x^~z g P`H B#`=# QOKO_.

298
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
X. u H~}= q+ gH
N =+ =i: F ~=KO^! =#O D H~}O KiOKH#\ Jx q+=

~=# H_HiOz OHOQ WC_ Hx q K`#. J@ `~"` =#O
D ^= ~A K~# =yOK`<O.

=Q}Q HO^~ D q [x<~. "~ `` qK~}=~=Q

~[H u H =$`` P#O^=OQ OKi D qx =#O K<~.
PHO ~KO^xQ #" P^=# iO*<~. Qe "QxH
^=~O z#O` =ÒK` PH= H+Ò J=Ò^? "i =# _ ^
Y=O^ _@^. |OQ~=` `~K|_# ^= pH\ _#\H "_^
H^! "~ Q P^ _ =#=# JQ@^. ^$zHOQ aOz#
h\` J_qx =$H= O`+OKK#@, P =h aOKx^n H~H~.
=$H= W`~ h_#, =# W=@" =OQ Hey LO\~ Qx, ''g~
< h~ _ ^? =i h_# ZO^H"e? Jx J#O@<? ^!
"~ _ D O~ [# P^=#, P#O^=#, *#^$+x kO\~.
Jk "i =" Hx, =~^ L^tOz "~ J@ K@^. x~"#\ "i |k
'"H= J# XH XH LQ= H~H 'Ou "^# J=$` Q}= O^
x=Q" +x O^` LO@Ok.
KO^_ ZC_< `# j``=# =ê LO@<_? ^. P =h
="# |k JÒ _ JO`~OQO =Q"# =^#O HeQ LO@Ok.
JO` Qx, ''^#OHÔ^+OJ "^# ^~ < # H^.
"i H$u '"u "^# H}Q}=` Q_ XC` LO@Ok. P`#
Zy#\ ^~+ ==, =~ O^~Q}=` ~^ XC`
LO\~. J\ P^ Jf`=Q Pùx O^@ H~==Q qOK|_ QH!
F [#~! ^Y=# g_O_. D rq`= @, [# @, ^$
@... ''Wq Uq J<~? <<=~? < g\H L# O|O^"\k? Uk =#?
Uk qOK#k?... "^# q+= L`= qK~} OOkOKHO_.
'P``` = H B#Ò QOz# L`=, ^x =iOK\xH *#
F u H~}O G 299
q*<# J<~. `= H ''`Q}kH`K ~*Q}=# H~O

*HO@, P`x^=# O^K<~. P`#O^=, P`g= Z\^
QOz LO@<~. KG=, ^ =K#=, qK~} =$kK "~ ''D
OKO O^|_K#q, QOK|_K#q...W=h Jx`= Jx QOz '<#
z`kx O^k Z\? J# UHH H =` Hi+QK<~. D SH, P=+H
Hx\h P^Q qOz JO`^~O< LOKK<~. JO` Qx, "~
J*# "=# _@ ^. "\ @ WK^+= Qx, Q-`[ |k
Qx "iH LO_@ ^.
qK~} K LO_e - <#~! g~ J=H ^~#O (perception of inequal-
ity) # `yOKO@ ~"e =! ''<<=_#? D O~_O|~=O` Z\
L`#=QK#k?... J# *#^H=Q qK~} K LO_e. èqQ "_=_<

JÒ` Ò` ^=# g, "i` K O+} O` q"H=#
OKx, JC_ D [# H~k OiH q+ @ ^=Q## P~_.
# K#@ qK~} K< LO\_. JO`Qx, `# rq`=# =$^ KH_.
g~ H~`=K |OkO|_ KuH_ LO_HO_. J#~=# ==~=
< ~A~A #~} K ~A "|KHO_. DO~O WH_ JH_ Hx
"# == H#|_K#=@ x[". J~` J=h XH<\H #tOK=
K<~ H^? "\K ZO^ "yOK|_e?
D qH ZO` =Ok ~^? ZO`=Ok ^? WH_ q#`"# ==
JO@ Uq L#k? H#H ~ \\ =ê"O_. K`H H " [ H~H
'J<+}xsH}# \Ok Qx, =iHQO@x h~ H~ H^. g~ _
L`= *#=#, J\ O[# kOK ^=# P~OKO_.
D JO`~`"# JOH~O QiOz... |~`=# 's~= "^#"\
QiOz... D |O^q` =Q== QiOz... HOKO `^$+` K# KO_.
''g\x OOkOK@ uOK@K, Wq ==# O~ Q~O #O_ ìO
*Q"? Jx tOKHO_. =~ =~ g g~ zOKHO_.
Q_z#^x QiOz =QK@O J#=~O. WH ``~O K=^. WC_H O~
`~H=Q P`qK~} K\O_. qK~}K `= g g $^= O^
H\ Ò HQ^. s~=x Hx îOKO_.
J~=# D s~JOH~= iq`^$+x i`lOKO_. =`
~O JO`s#OQ L# fQ= L#\ H~=Q P`# gHOKO_. ~"O,
300
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
x`=, ~=# qOK#k J~#\ P ~===#O^ WÔ` H\ `=Q
K#@Q QOKO_. D q"# ^=#O^, P PHO#, ~x
O^, ~O^=#, x=OK XH z#~Q#, P ~Qx XH
J}=#... Jx\ z`~" "K#k.
XH L=#O. XHK@ J<H O_ L<#H... P Jx O_x
PH= XH> H^! qq^ s~=x 'z` ^"g^.
'H~OfK^ "^# ~K "~"~#\H, P ~zx Q# `` =
XH> J#k H^! JO`Hx H~= ~zH XH `` =, f~zH =~H`` =
U~_ LO_@^! J<H K@ HtOKK#\H z^= XH>. J<H Q=
iOK ~~t XH ~`Ò. JO`Qx ''P H~}= "~ "~ ==
iOKK<~ H|\ J=h "~ "~... J#@O LzÒ H^ H^!
L#k ~^ XH>! XH == ~^ "KO_Q ''D`_ \<_...
Kz<_... J##Ô` JOQ`" J=Òk. L`#"k, #tOKk `==
Z\ J=Òk?
F ~"! ^x<` ''Wk [Q` Jx h= QOKK<" JÔ` _ 'z` H
uaO|= =`". D [Q` ` H^. J` _ H^. Wk P ~O_O\H
qH}"#k.
W`_ zÒ J^"(^+i`"), q+ @ # Hey L#^#C_ -
J\ =O D [Q` `Q< J`xH `KK#k.
U =`_ "x=$`_ LO@<_ J`xH Wk 'J` Jx è=Ok.
JO^K`< 'D ^$O Jx~KhO. J^~=<` "H~}" JQK#k...
Jx K|_Òk.
D [Q` q^ J~ L#k. WH ""q\? P "=# XH H~}O
LO_@ Uq\? q^ J~#^xH H~H~}= _ q^ H^!
H|\ ~=! h= '[#u=~}= QiOz ^dOK=# J=~" ^.
PHO = ~` =_" x~==#O^ "O_=. `", x`",
P#O^="# h ~=< J=îOz LO_=. ''<# r=_#... _#...
@K<#... KKK<#... "^# |#"# ==# `lOz"~.
''<# JYO_=, xiH~= JQ P` ==< J~ L<#... Jx qOK
KO_Q< WC_ WH_ "H~_= HQ=. JO`Qx, "HO ZC_ ZH_
O^=#k J~ LO_^.
F u H~}O G 301
L`= Q} =~# -
N =+ =i: q+`# x~~OKk =~=# `=!
<<! ~=! h= aOz# J=H=# =$^~KHO_ L`=
Q}=# =i LO_e. Z\HC_ hK =$`# `lOK@ O^,
L`= H~# P~OK@O^ *Q~_" LO@ LO_e.
O`~= O^ ''OK@ J# Hx Hey LO_e. n~_=, qK~}
~_= J~ LO_. H;"# |kx OkOKH. ~q=H<, ~
u|O^H= H< _ |=O`_=QK LO_e.
^~=# P~Oz, "i` GqK~} K~. q+= O|OkOz#
`$+# h =# #O_ Z\HC_ `yOz" LO_. P`"` H#|_#C_
"ix P~OK, ~}"_. "~ q*#^H=Q L`= q+ k~.
=<<#= kOK. JC_ =k =Q aOKQ^. G=K
K|_K# J~=# q"H=` JOKK, Z=_` 'Oy JQK<_... J\
^~+_ P`~=# ZQ@ J~_QK<_.

F ~"! h= n~_=. q` PK~}= Q"_=. L`= Q}= x#
P~OKx L<~. ''$+ J#|_ =<=O h #O_ ^~OQ `QÒk. J\
x~ ~_=Q h= ^Y ~`=Q P` O^ "KO_@ J_q
LO@Ok?
~Òx "~` PHOQ '[Q`# `#O^ ~Ò KH#
PÀ_ K`x~Ò``=JYO_`= OQ O^K<_. J\
"xH WH O~ "H_? F L`= *h! ("~Q H~}O) h= H\ Oz#
q+} K`~O == =Q# KOk. =#O D k~AQ K# O+}
=OK` h =# =zO`# H=H=OQ `l#@ <# Q=x<#.
=H=O`=QK# h |k ~=`` UH=O O^Òk. JO^K` =
L^= h= =_" J~ L<=. D q+O O^" ^.
F a~! ~Q^+=O@ U =Ò x "_# D ~=_ `k`~
P^~_ JQK<_.
| Hz`K~ qi+x [ ^\"<~. <# uk#
J<H `"H JqK~}~ L^#OQ< Hx<" Qx, |k=O`,
[#, =^~, L`=^$+ O# `= *#^$+x =iO` |Ò,
i+O KO@<~.
F ~=! h= ~^ *x" J~ LO_e. D s~O L#O`=~ q+=
@ U=Ò PHx"_", ^+=#, "## g_, HH"# PK~=#
PKi ==i LO_.
L`=*#, uHQ}O# JQ r= D OK=H =z
''i^Ò~=OuÒ =i<~. HH} H~QK<~. L`=
H~ O^ PK~}~ ~=Oux O^K<~.
WH, =iHO^~ r= q+O K... "~ Z^Q, #HQ ~=OK
LO@<~. t= = =_ J~, "~ =#=[# J# L`= J=Hx =$^
KO@<~. J\ "ix K#C_ HH}" =$uQ Hey# = =O\
=# *e "Ok. J\"ix QiOz qKi =Ò UO [#O?
H~Ô`= - ''h= =## Z\HC_ iÔ KH#@... J#
=`~"# PO Hey LO_. J\ =<x~` H~ ~`_Q P ~"~x
'^~= J# +=` lOK=. J\ J=Q# Hey#C_ h= H
H} H~_" J=`=. D OK=# HOK= ije#Q K LO> h
WO^ u # L`= ~+ Ò_ `~_`~. "iOê L`=
Q}=# Q=xOK. P Q}=# h= _ J=~KH. J@, L`= P^~#
HiOK"_, Ou, == "^# L`= H =# Hey LO_"_, G=,
^~= J#zÒQ x=|k` H~# x~iOK"_... J\ "_ H=OQ
'*<Q= J~#\ ^s~=# O^K<_.
D [#O^ h= J#iOK Q}= =O^ =O^ P L`~`~ H~
*# Ò^ x# xq<~... J##^ H~ H Ô`=. H|\, H~
|^_Q r=_ W`~ H~K xqOK|_#"_ =iOKK# =@ x[".
Hx =~=# ~+H~=K ~[# O~= `H [~Oz"|_Q=.
(W`~ H~ O~ { =~=# `) (D r=x =~=# q+`)

~+_ JO> ~+H~= îOK"~, `j~. JO`Qx, '=Q"~ Jx J~O
K H~^.
F u H~}O G 303
''J! <# D D `C K<# H^? < Qu U=Q#? WO`, WH <#

Q_#... Z=~ =#= iHQ~.... <# i J H Z\
q+" Qx, W\ q+O H^... D qÔQ =Q == `qz
=~=# H~ $Qux |#~KH=^.
WC_ K=#\ s~H =#H `= h Ku< h x~=#
J#iOK LO@<~. =iH ``~O ^xH KC?
HO^~ `= ` q+`... Ji~"#, |#`` _#...
Ja# HeOKHx ~Q = JO^< zHx LO@<~. `=
#~H=# `" xiOKHx iÒKK<~. J~# ^x QiOz =QK@O P.
`HO J@O_h. ''WC_ <# Uk Ke?.... Uk K_^... J#
q+=# ~=. L`=Q ^~+#, G=# P~OK. =~=#
H~H==# ~"# ^=Q#` x~~OKH. PK#^J=Q##
L`[~KH. O`=Q, QOc~OQ, K#Q 'P` H~ `=#
KKO_=.

`~A `= |~H==` kOKK#C_, JC_ "~ ~+

|=K`< [~OK|_K<~ H^! D |k J< ~[O '`=~[ Q}=...
J< `~AK "kO|_K#k. J\ D '|k =[= # ~HOKH"e.
^, ~HKk # D |k "tOK =Ô =OK~Q^.
|~^ W~# ^#`# |@ `K#@ D |kx LîOK `
~^ K LO_e.
z`=, ~+H~= - ÔQ= `= 'q"H= H eÒQ<
uHQ} O#QK<~. K"# =}x U ^=}O =Oz` P ~OQ<
Hy LO@Ok H^! D 'z`= J< =} _ JO`. nxx ZO^ xq"
Jk J^xO^ `#" LO@ LO@Ok.
z`=#O_ '~+H~= _ L`#=QK#k. ===O` `=
H ~+|=K`< J="# Q}=# Pi<~. JO`Qx Z=i
Q}=# =~=~ kOK@ WH_ LO_^. J\ ~+|= K`< "~
[## O^K<~. 'Q} J~#"_ `# ~+H~=K O^xk... D
~, =~ `= ZH_ Un ^. |K~=, g~=, "~Q=, Wq
304
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
L#C_ XH_ L`= ==# k_. D P^`HÒ _ Jk J>
JQK#k. ''JYO_, Jkf, ~` O#=... q+O _ J\^.
Q} (Q}= Hey#"_) - F ~~=! WC_ h L^tOz#,
L^tOK=K# P``` = JÒ` ^Yx=$uH~= =! Wk r=xH x~u
"# Oux kOKQ^. H [# Ò K~Ok. JO^Hx Wk ^Q
q<e. J^ |^H=K u~iOK_^. H [# q^=Q `
Q}= =$kH"##^ = PO.
''|k |=K P`=#O^ D r=_ ~_ JQ@ J##^ D
`= L^tOKK# JOu= [#O. P`=# ~=QKO_Q WH
=# `# KOK`=# =ê Oux O^Q^. J\ P`=H#= Z=iH<
ZC_< ZH_< ^".
H|\ F a~! g~O` `j~ LO_=#kQ g a+
=Q "= =~ =~ KiOKK<=. g u XHiH '=H~
HQ J=H=, JkH~= `H L#k.
F ~=KO^! h= ===x`_=. O`k =`~ Q} h O^
@=`<~. ~=u_=Q x# "= Qi<=. `^zÒQ<
"u`=Q H~=# x~iOK^= QH. x# xqÒ KHx u
=#=# <# D q+O Q~ K<#.
<#~! 'O~H J< "=# g $Ô K\=HO_. `
Q< "H~Q g~ g g =H~=# U==HO_. ~=
QiOz ZH [# Zu#O^ L`= [#"#k.

x "`=~}O JHH O` QOc~`` xO_~Ok. aO`

=+=i KC XHH "H=x B#`=# Q=xOKK ''P! D |+
= ZO`\ J"["# = Hey<~! J# =# O^~. ~=KO^x`
J<H=Ok =^#= qH= @"#k. P x ~A, O_`,
`k`~ n~K<=Q H#_~.
x J< '=# J< K "#~O Q^~= O|OkOz#
=##=# `lOz, =#=O` P`== " K# H#yOKyOk.
^~^_ "^# ~A O`z` L<~.
F u H~}O G 305
PûH tH}|OK H;}_ "^# "i $^ '|~O J<

H =# sHiOK<~.
=# $^ qHOz, '=Y= J< ^= 'O`` J#
"# "^[~.
~Q"#_ J=kx g<_. =yOk. a H=OQ `=
O O^k H~H= H~ Q$#Y~.

(^= ~A qK~} i J~Ok)

u H~}O =O
|~}= - H H}=
FO ```
306
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
F L=# H~}O G 307
~<^ <^ ` ` #=
N =+ ~= O"^=
V. L= # H ~ }
O
308
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
F L=# H~}O G 309
L=# H~}=
I. H~} iKO
1. ^= ~A ~u.......... #~}
^= ~A ~u "`=~}O OÒQ P^H~OQ L#k. J^#Q~=O`
==, O^~= , ~=} = JQ H$ uK JOH~ H" L#k. XH ~=KO^_
` `H#"~O` P ~u H}OQ x^~ Q_"~. ~=_ =Ò P ~Ò`
=+=hO^K L^tOK|_# "H=# zO`# KQ_.
N~=_ (`#) : P! Uq D O~ O=}O! D =#AO` Z=~? D
qz` }==O` =#k ZH_#O_? g~O` Z@ `<~? Jb =#
H ~"q\? Wk qOKk Z\? D K=`~"# ===~=O`
Z=~, Z=i H~, ZH_, ZO^, He<~? D = WO`\ <}= ZH_
#O_ =Ok? Wk J x"iOK|_Q^? r=xH D Q}^+=h ZH_ #O_
=z_`<~?
....PHO HO> _ JuH;=, Ju q=... J~#\ P` D qÔQ,
r=_Q ZO^ i}qOk...?
D Oz``= ZO`Q hqOz L#k! D k ~AQ =+ =hO^
P` QiOz, =<<#O QiOz, WOk[O QiOz J<H q qq^ H}=
#O_ K <~. J~<_ "Qh_= *#, J*#= U~_K< L<?
< q"H= WOH# ~=Q qHOK^q?
J=#. P` =Q D ''r=_ z`= =# "^# ~=
D J#"#\ O~=# qiO*Ok. D JOH~= "^#=h '=#
J< `_K K@|_ LO@<~. J\ =# OH~OzO^.... JC_ '<# r=_#
J# aO _ `yÒk. ^M=#O kOk. =i JOH~=#,
=##, ''<k =k <# "= J# "=# ~=O> Lq\?
O h\x q_z, # #@, q+ Q=` _# J^ #O_
P`# "~K@O Z\?
309
310
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
Q=h ÒlOz"^=? .... ''<H ~[= =^, ^~=`\ `k`~
~[#`\ J Z\ O|O^= =^ J# x~=# =^=? =Oz^....
Hh, "\x <# =ê<, Jq ## =^`? "\x ^~OQ `lOz` D s~
^~}O ^"<? H^"? `lOKH` q` =z_`< LO\? J~~!
.... OH@O =zO^!
P` J##k ~^ kOz L#k. `Q Jx" kOz L# ^xx
O^@"q\? H=@"q\? WH P` U JYO_`=, J"`=, x``=
"^#=h =iOK|_ Jq P` ~=QQ <_ =i~ H^!
'P` `` J##k =<=` q+ " J=Òk.... JO` Qx Jk D WOk=
q+" J~ LO_^.
Q, q+= `H=\xH_ D =# iH~=QK#k. D
WOk=# "ey#k, LyOKK#k_ =#. J\ =## _
xq#k, Jk~#k Z=~? xi+_#Q << H^!
P! _ `#H J*# H~}OQ pH\ ^=# K LO\_....
J\Q =# _ Qk|O_Q D ^$=` |O^= U~_Òk. =i =##
<~O Z\ #_OKe? WH < XH> LO H#|_Òk. `# _
aOz# `~"` =iH J#x iO^? ^ H^...! < D |k _ O~
=# P~OK O_ ~=Ou ~H=Q P``=< J=îOK QH! P
WH J#^~= QiOz zO` U=O@Ok? < =# H^~`", H==i`",
q`=O`" ~`" LO_ QH! JC_k =Q< P` ^=#O^ qOu
O^QQÒk. P! ^~=Q =+"~ kOz# U_= qHO^
Z\H O`_< ~_< LO\<! Z\H 'r=#H Y=#O^ ^$_~HOQ
qOu Ok, D [Q`#O^ ^qkQ qi LO\< H^!
D <=# Z\HC_ H` H` H## ~zOKx JO^< =xy
`Òk Hx, "\x `lOKÔ? Jk Z\H `# qH`= `lOK@K h\
"tOz# LCK `~ K|_ = Q PÒ^ ~OzÒ^ H^! Jk
`# `K~=# `lQx L^Q=, ^Y= #tOK=.
D 'O~= J< =^= '`$+ J< `~OQ` "Oz L#k. P J<
" WO^ ^KQ OK~O K<~. D O~=Ô ^>k ZC_?
^Y=, kQ "^#q O_q Z#\H?
F L=# H~}O G 311
D OK= "tOz# HO^~ =^=k L`=Q}=# P~Oz

`èÒQ i^QK<~. L`==Q P`^=# O^@ J~QK<~.
<# _ J\ J~` Oê? H~`} H"e? Jk Z\, Z#\H X#Q_Ò^?
F z`q`=...! F O~[~=! Uq\ h= K#k? D , `s~k
O==h HQ*<"? e`"q\? "= `==Q P`# O^H
=K<= H^? H@H `_K ^#` H\ "|_#@ "= hH
^+, J, J^= ^$+K |OkO|_K<"? F z`=! J~<, x#x UO
O? WÔ` = O HeÒ =`". Uk U" L#\H =O^ J*#O
=Ò `Q@^. JO^H h= ^+" ^k" q[$Oa<=. WH K. h=
^~^$ +, x~^$+ P~OK^ KHH` x# <# LHO K#. h= < =_"Q x,
[=xq H^ =! JO^K` WH LqOK.
=#O Lz`"# q+=# Lz`"# suQ ~*# H =`
qKiOKe. ZO`HO ==# J=` k= KC? J~< h
~"q\? ZH_ LO\=? h= U ^~O` `~K|_=?
= J*#" hH ~O. JO` qOz h ~~ Y =. J~` ~
UH"# P``` "H> h q+=, H =, =##=, k JQQH!
F |n! =#O `z@# D 'z`= J# *_=# KK"? Wk =xîh
_ ~Q^+= "Q ` "K#^! D z`= ZC_` QegzH x
O nO Q O`", H=O`", ^~`" LO@O^, JC_ h,
< _ WO`\ hK`=, =~`=, *_`= LO_=H^!
q`=! |n! r=_ J# ~= Ok# <# h XH q#O K<#.
< =@ H^#H` <#, h= _ "H~O HQO. =#O D k ~AQ
+ =hO^x =K< q<O. =i Hk ~A q#`<O. P "H= ~x,
JO^ H\ `=QK# <H , hH "==Q ~ ==# QÔ.
F =f! h OQ Ô_}=O K =s "_HO@<#...... < =@ q#. D
O~=# `lOz"@ < HiOK, JC_ h= ==Q ~^x
O^Q=.
F WOk=~! q+= @ Q Ja+K q~ O^K#^q\?
Ju `~Q tk" JQK<~. q~ HiOK Qx, =#O P`^=# ZO^
O^=? JO^K` =#O D O~=# J<îÔ. D = =^=
#O_ OK WOkY= `K=, `$}=, ^Y i}=`= J~
312
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
LO\Ok. ''<# P``= O^^\? J# =~= x# < Lz`suQ
q~ H~O JOkOK^~ QH! WC_ x=x^ K HOKO kO|_K#\H,
q '~ `y x~=kH=Q Y=< O^Q~ =!
F =#! Z< L^ "tOK@O, x+qOK@O W\H =#O ZO`Q
x~iOK" Z=~ KQ~? W\H D =+ =hO^ P"H= q< QO
O^=. ZO`HOQ ''D s~ ^# |O^ qQ=K U~_K# ^M
`Qk Z\? Jx =#O z LO_"~= H^! WC_ x~ *# ^$+` D
^ qOÔ. `^~ h= Oz`Ò =ê qÒ O^Q=.
=#` Uk O^`" J^ O^|_#^QK#k. J~`, =#K XH
q+ O J<H ~ PzO|_#\H, J^xx x ~=Q |k _ Q OKe.
|k QOKH` P Ò x+O J=Q^ =! < =# ``< Jx\
JO`\ =##O K LO_#QH! < D z`= P`*# q+= H~H L~H
" LO_#QH!
JO^K` D < |k J~=# QOK@ ~^ =`" JufH}=,
xt`= J~=O_ QH!
N =+ =i W\ =~ "~Q=, ^==, ==`= "^# J<H
q+ K~. "~Q H~}O, ==H ==~ H~}O, Lù H~}O, u
H~}O i J~. J<H ^$O`` D r=x "= ==, P~`"#
"`= QiOz q^~~. Lù, u H~} J=Q# J~_Q r=xH
q"H ^$+x, ~"`==Q J=Q## kOKQ=.
=}O J=~". =}" H` L`= qK~}= H =K~O aOK^.
J~` =}"H> iÒ^? ...^.
P``` = QiOz# =##O JÒ`=HO. =##=K x`H"# |k,
|kH _ P=## ~#=O D ~O_ X#Q_Q=. JO^K` <
''=<-|k-z`-JOH~ P``\ Jkf"# J#=O` i`=Q QH!
i+` =QQH!

F L=# H~}O G 313
^HO_= ~A
2. ZQ|_@" OK@O
P q^"# PK#` ~=KO^_ P ~Ò` Q__. WO` #
`"iOk. N~=_ ^~ "ÒQ === "tOK_. =iH ^~
OQ #=~=` =K#=` O`+O HeyOK~. P## ~^=#O^
~O_\ , qOKK Hx=K~. ^~^ =~A O#O ky Z^~y
=iH QÒ eH_. W`~ ~A, =O`~A, |+, =#, [
"^# "~O` `= `= #= JOHiOK~. P! P x "~O^~
~ }=` ''=+x =Y=O_=#O_ "=_ P "H q#@ J#
L` $+=Q J=H=# Ok=<~. "^@Q ^~^ =~A W@ eH_.
^~^ =~A: x "~OîH QÒ. =#OîH J<H [# H$ÒQ
|+ D "OK_O, =`~=Q P` QiOz =K#=K ==#, =
[Oîh, =#Oîh h`# K_O [~QÒk. N =+ =i ~=KO^
=^ [~Q`# O"^= k ~AQ qO@<O. D ~A ^HO_= ~A
''L=#O J# q+O QiOz qK~} ~O=QK#k.
=+ =s! = â=O^#O HiOKO_. x#\ ~A n~O Q O+OK@
K` U~_# = x"~}=~#^x q<#. P#O^^H=Q q '=K#=
J# J=$`=$+K "=O^~= i`$ =QK<=. = JO`H~} = j`"#~
|_K<~. Jq"H ~H"#, J*#~H"#, JqK~}~H"# J<H J
^$+ q =K# =Ou k# 'P`^$+K qOy"|_K<~.
"= J~=Q P#OÔ O^K<=. ~`= =Q |^" P =Q
Qey#\ q "H =x ~Q=, "= "^# qH~= J""#
B+ÔQ i}q<~. ''[# OQ`" P`=H=# Y"# @ J#
"H=# x~<~.
= ~= QiOz =z, = = H JYO_, J"`=#
+~KK#O^ q =~ =~ #=i<O.
KO^H~}= JO^H~=# `yOK#@Q, q ^ = s~H =#H
^+=# ^sHi<~. q =@ qO@#O` =ÒK`< '`$+ =
314
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
"^# f= *_ #yK<~. @Q_ Ô[#= (=O` ^"# H@H)#
H @O> pH\ _ ==# K_QQ`~ H^! J> q "H=
qO@ LO_Q ~=Q ^`# "= WC_ K_QQK<=. q~
J<H K, ^$O`=K = $^=Oê O~"# H}O*<~.
L^~"# z`= Q q=O\ =` =K#== P#OÔ HQ*q D $+
WOHO L<~? Uq =.
=~! ~=KO^! |"`` O+OKx k#=x JO^H~H=#x
Q<= H^! WC_ D =hO^ =#Oî@ Ju #OQ =<~. `
q+O QiOz h= Lz`"# suQ t LO_. U=Ò O~OK. x#
xqÒQ KHx D =i J<H P^` q OKxH uk<~.
"~ KÔ` h, = D aOîH q+` J<H=Ok ===
Ô HQ^.
=s! q `î "H=$Ò Q\xH "=O` "z L<O. q H~}
~=Q P``` *#O H#yOz H=# =#O K ~#.
N~=_: q! =s! ZO` L^~|k` q~ KCK# =K<=$Ò <#
HiOKQQ_O, QOKQQ_O q =K<H q+O K`<. WÔ` q~ =
i OK H~ }=$Ò. `= P^= # J#iOz, q~ K #k D O"^ =O
q# `~"` =~ P q+=# ~u xkOK =O^ #~} KO@<#.
=Y q+ <="<#. J@ zO`# K#O`=ÒK` < $Ô
Z\#OK u+ "# x^, =_=, [_`= #yK<~. $^=#
ZO`Q< qi O* < ~. q~ KC ^ =<~OQ#, ~= ~~ ^H O Q#,
|#O^ÔQ#, ~= qÒQ# L#k. k ~AQ q~ KCK#^xx
=O^ "#H qK~}~HOQ Q` ~Ò` #~#O K#.
q L`"`= =K#= #H #O^<^ _ t~^~". H~= H@H
K` "_"i# Ô H~=|, K\ Q, O_` =~O ZO`\ P^
[#HOQ LO\, q "H JO`\ P#O^ÔQ L<~. "\x =##O
K#C_ |k Q^=Òk. A=, } ==K îO
|_K#"~=, OH$`, J == |^= JQ ==#, qH=O`=,
K= JQ q =K< ~= HO Q qÒ K < ~, fi k^K <~.
P ~`~_Q ~"~_ q ~OQ = H~}"O =iO*<_.
== i^Q fik^_xH = H~}` q~, `= L^=# H#yOK
=OkQ ~#.
F L=# H~}O G 315
N =+ =i : ~=KO^! WC_ =#O L=# H~}= "t<O.

''Wk `H~=, L`= Ô`H= Jx qA JaO. =^#z`_"
q#-
XH =O_= Hx O=K J=îO|_K#@Q D n~ O~=
~[-`= r=K x`= J=îOK|_Òk. WH `Q}=#O^ u Hey#
n~ D O~=# hQ< x~îOz"<~. = |=# q_K#@
"~ ''<# r=_# J# ==< q_z"<~. ` *ux |k=O`,
~[u _ ''D [Q` = H~}"q\? J# # =kOz, qKiOK_O
[iy#C_ `H |=# ZQK<~.
N~=_ : ~==Q |=# Z\"~ ZQK<~? Z\"~ ZQH
=K<~?
N =+ =i : Z=i |k J~` , [# OQ`=K, [, ^#, `
=O\ `~= J=K ~q^=# ==# `lOz"O^,
''[eOK n= = H=OÒQ#, x~+OQ# LO@O^, J\ "iH "=
KC '|= J#|_#k `H J#==QK#k. F ~=! P` x`=,
~=, `=, ~+= (~^ qye LO_k) H^! WH kQ J#=#=
ZO^? Jk =#Oî x[ ~" ! J~`, ...P`K P` QiOz qKiOz ZQ#O`
=~ Jk Z=iH OK@^.
Jk J#= ~HOQ ZQ|_@, ''O K@ =! <<! h= A
=}j_=. n~_= L`= uH ~[H == H"_=. h= "=
KC#k `H QOKQ=. =~H q+O. D r= J< x=~Q# xC=
x~ =, |=# ZQQQ@ J~, `y#"~ L<~. J~` "i
HO^~ J<H J*# "H= qx, JO`\ ` "^x+` ~==Q P` =
q+ " Hx ^~a = Hey LO@<~. J\" ix L^t Oz "= ''<#~!
q~ =Q ijeOz P`=K r= O= O^ [#"q\
QOKO_. Hx Ja H@|_ ij<~Ò =Oz LO_@OK` [#
H~ =$^ JQK<~. JqÒQ< LO_`<~ Jx Ki<O.
F ~[#~! q~O` D 'O~O~O=# JO`\ h q"K< |k`
ijeOz K_O_. 'Wk xÒ, Ò. Wk JxÒ, H#H JÒ Jx qQO KO_.
`= #O^ ~} HO_. Jx `~Q`x [# Q H== ^$+
@Hx "= D J^`=# ukOKK<=. H H}" = Ô.
316
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
^K xH$+=Q ^ = "O H@HO_. =#=[# ZO`\
L`= J=H" QOKO_. WH_ q=# LîOK_xH =, Q~=
~^ ÔQ L<~. g~ _ ~x^ HO_.
N~=_ : Ò_! Uk `", Uk H^ x~~OK_O Z\?
N =+ =i : nxH = =}= KCK<~.
1) U ="` 'Pk#, 'JO`=# ^, Jk =^_ 'x^ JQK#k.
2) Uk PÔ`= LO_ L#^, Jk =^ _ `H LO_ L#k.
3) PÔ` x ^~O QiOz ''Wk ` " J# |kK Z=_ x=Q_`_...
J\ =~# q"H= [xOKk Z\?

WH_ =H Z=iH? |O^"=iH? J# # "= `~z`~z KKO.

ijeOKO. sHOKO. Q=xOKO.
*`=#U" =#U=q=~` I
=Q~#^$ ` =#U==K` II (~ 5, 11)
''D OK=# =# L`#=QK#k. =# =$k KO^Òk. =H ^$+
Ok#C_ =# =Hx O^Òk.

F ~=KO^! D k ~AQ =#O K# qK~}x q+=#

Z\H C _ '~~ =##= K , =~ =~ =<|^ K ijeOz, $^ O
k~KO@<= H^! Jk J`=HO =!
W`~O '` ~[ `" Q}ÔK `~H|_# D r=*`x\ qz`
L`` QiOz HO`=~ =#O KC<O. ~|= QiOz J<H q+
KiOK<O.
~|" =HK '[Q` ~=Q J*# ^$+H H#|_K#k. Jk
~=~=# ije 'x+OKH= J~ L#k. D H;`J`
^$[Q`HO> qH}"#k Jk.
[Qn_, ~H=O`_ JQ ~=`#O_ D [Q` =<He` K=`~OK`
Z@ He`"#kQ L`#=QK#^,.... W\^H KKO.
= - D '=J<k H=OQ K Z\H C _ [`~O QOQ J#H} O
=~ KO^` <#=kQ< LO\Ok. J#Q, ^ H= ^$ JO`=
F L=# H~}O G 317
Hey LO\Ok. "~OQ K<..... WÔ` J#O`"#k. z`" =#A_.

z`" =.
J<H=Ok =h Ja=# ijeOz, P `~"` D J^`,
q+=# h=O^ LOKK<#. D q+=# (D O"^=x
q#) =##~HOQ $Ô k~KH"e. q"H=` $^=#
q~~KH"e. JC_ "H ~_= HQ=. = =Q #=Q
PÒ^ ~OKQ^. ^$= ^= O|O^= J#|O^=
O^== [# r=#= =$`= "^#q Z=i ^$+ |O^=
H".... "ix ''"H ~ Jx <~.
P`"` J"["# =` JOk# P`*# =K~O J<îOK@O Lz`=
H^. = H^! J<H `~ [#OQ< ''P` H =" K|_
=K~= ijeOKe.... J< L`H` D r=x |^~K#k.
== P~OKK# t+, `k`~ [# 's~`==# `lOK^~
QH! P`` UH`= Ok, 'JYO_=, Jkf=, ^=, `= JQ P`
<# J# ZH#, =## ~ ~KH<^~QH! Wk = L^=, H =
_.

3. W\H xk? WOH# O^=#k?

N~=_ : =`! =# D =H=O^ OiQ r=_Q JQK#k
H^! ...Jk Z\ 'r=_ ~O O^Òk? Z\ [~=~}= `=QK#k?
...J< q+" q~ J<H q kOK~. WO`=~ Q< L#k. WC_...
D O~= #O_ ìOK@ x"#, "# =~"q\ ...Jk kOKO_.
N=+ =i : "@" ^@ =#A_ O K`, f="~ QO K` [# OQ` O
K` =## ^ ~ K H"e. D =## *#=# Q"# ^xQ ` ~K e.
P qÔQ [#HO JQK# =# "~QO Ok. JC_ P`_ ''<#-
P`-[#-^$= "^# "\ "=`Ò JOK\xH LHqOKe. A,
|q+ J~# ^~=# qk~HOQ qOKe. "~ L^tOK =~O
^# xe, QOKe. x=H~, uH"# ", fH=, q~= JQ
J=Q# O` H=OQ ~=q`=Q P`^=# O^Q_. i^=Q
'qK~} K`< D r=_ z=iH P`# îOKQQ`_.
318
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
`=^==O^ [# $}=^` I
qK~`@qx"u =#K` II (~ 5, 18)
|k O` 'P`qK~} J< P=e X_ *~@ D r=xH qOu.
J\ =~ D r=_ H~\ è_ Q_~HQ D O~Q~O
H@q\_`< LO\_.
qK~}K P``` = Ziy#"x |k = =#H ~Q`# `yOz"Ok.
XH ~H~_ ''Wk |OQ~=, Wk = Jx z\H Q_ H^! `` A#
=Q x`-Jx` q"HO HQÒk. J*#=K D ^$=# XH iz#
==~=Q QOKK# r=~! q~O` x~`_HO_! FH` `` qK~}
KO_. JC_ q~ Ò_ q"H= O^Q~. `^~ q ~"q\,
ZO`\ ^ q~ Q OKQ ~. ''<# ^ HK Jiz#_#, JH
_#, `_#
Jx Ò\~. D , ^M^ OK\xH =H~}"q\?
~=O`=Q P`# ZQx"xH z`"O J#|_Ô` LO@Ok. P`#
ZQ@O [iyO^, Jk Y^HO J=Òk. =h `Q`~. Jk ZQ|_H
` ^Y=#H `=QK#k. J#O` Y=#, O`=# =iOKO>
P`# ZQ=O^! JO^ "~ =~O ^ . <#" ~ =#=QQ D ^ =`
q="# P`# OKH= #O_ "~K K_e =! JC_ D r=#
` aOk. JO^ q"H= JÒ` P=HO.
N~=_ : =s! P` D s~=#O^ (O[~=) @ = z#k H^!
D s~= U~_ L#O`HO qOu ZH_k?
N=+ =i : |~^ XH =} _O^#H... P =}H, |~^ O|OÔ ZH_<
LO@O^? x~=Q P` D Ô` U=Ò O|OÔ ^.
=~H ^$O`= q#. ^= [O LO@Ok H^......! J\ XH ^=
H ^= Hx [aO^= LO_=K. Hh P [aO^= ^Ô
"tOK= H^! J\Q, OKH= P`# $tOK=. P` "tOK=.

D |O r=_ LkK a#O H=K. Jk#O ^$ "~"~ H<H^....!
D r=_ ` ^$+K '|= J~ L<_x Q OK=#kQ K` u H\ O KK<#.

OKH= : 1) s~=, WOk=, =#, |k, JOH~=
2) J#= }= =<= q*#= P#O^= H=.
F L=# H~}O G 319
'[_" J~#\ D =# '=iH QO@ ` Q _ L#k. P`

qK~}# =ê Q^~=#\ WOk q+= "O@ ~Q f |
H+`" LO\Ok. =# D qÔQ ZO`HO x=Q=Ò^ JO`HO D
O~O^H~=# ^^k` =z_ \OK K~. J@=O\ D
=# |^"#^, =~H}O ^~q+O `H PHoO KO\Ok.
=# ^=` `^`= KO^` LO>.... A_#"_ Jk \ OKH
O_ =$^H# K_? <^. ''< $^= #O_ J*#O `y"e
Jx x~O KO\_. Q~=# P~Oz LÔ O^`_. PÀK
kOK|_#"_ `[ ^<^` =## i~KO\_. ZO^HO>,
D O~O JÒ` ^Y^"#k H^!
ôK PH= Ji=Ò^? e=Ò^? J ôH, PH=#
O|O^" H_k? D ^ ^ LO_h... O_h! ...P` D ^ ^K, D OKHK
e= H ^ . |~^ |OQ~ LOQ~O LO> |~^ |OQ~=Ò^? |OQ~=
`# ``=# H~ |~^Q OìOKO@O^! D [_Ô P`` He
L#\H Wk P`~O Z KO^Òk? KO^^. P` [_^ qy J=Ò^?
J=^.
N~=_ : Y^M^ ZH_ #O_ =z _K<~? Wq s~x"? P`"?
N=+ =i : JkQ P PH=# K_! ^x =e#= Qx, aO^`= Qx
L<? LO_= H^! P` O^ f`" JQ# D Y^M^ J#=O
J`"#^! P` Y^M^ =.
h, ''D Y ^M^ s~=# OOkOz#" Jx JO^=? D s~=
` Q [_" H^! [_" # == # J#= =<^ LO_^ . 'XH HO J# ux Ok
HqÒ ~Ok Jx J#O H^! J#= " LO_#\ == Y"q\? ^YO Uq\?
H 'Wq P` O|OkOz#q JO^=? P` ~xH Jf`"#k H^!
JO^K` ''P` =Q Y^Y= =# K `^~ q=~=
O^Òk. `#H =<ik ~H_=, =<q<OQ Y^M^h
O^Òk - Jx J#H `^.
JO^K` ''JO`_ x`=, O`= J~#\ P`H ~".... J#
=#` WH_ ^~=#, O@## QOKKO_=. PÒ^ HxOK D
q $+ ==O` [O HxOK `~OQ= =O\^. XH =} JH~}OQ<
q== H=# iO*K#@, P` `=ÒK` JH~}OQ<
D $+x qiO* L#k.
320
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
J*# ^$+ Oê '[Q`... *#^$+K P`!... D [Q`, P` XH ~=
H=. J\Q "~"~ ~=#q _ H=. [" `~OQ~O H^! `~OQ=
[" H^!
D [Q` q^. J~#\H J*#H~}OQ W@ Ou~OQ qiOk.
= OYeÔ| ~=`==``"
J=#kÔK#ku xO`*#. (~ 5, 39)
D [QÒ` |" H#H ''<# "~...... |= "~ J# Oux
`lOz"=. ZO^HO\"? |= ^ H=K iK^=Q#k H^.
J\ |= #O^ ''<# h= [Q` J#|_ qKÔ Z\ O=O KC?
Jy =OKH}O LO@O^? Z LO@Ok? Jyx XH JytY O|OkOz#q,
O|OkOKxq, P Jy Uq LO\~? UH=, ~~= J~# ~=` O^
WH ~O_= H# OqOK^.
'z` ~=Q P` '~ J=O J#|_ XH<H =O W@
'[Q` J#|_ H}H} i}=`=Q J#=x O^@O [~QÒk. D
O^|_K#Ô` OHe`=Q =## J#iOK LO\Ok. =# Y=,
=# ^Y=. WH, P`? =# Lù-u-#O.
#H#" # [<#[#"< I
^`^" q[~=~= II ( 43, ~ 5)
x~O^x`` x~QH=`"< I
JkfqH` q[~=~= II ( 44, ~ 5)
=~=u #HH=<=x I
=h=~=}K q[~=~= II ( 45, ~ 5)
qqH#OH n~nil` I
^#=sK q[~=~= II ( 46, ~ 5)
g`~Qx~ q=g`H+ I
<^` #i`w q[~=~= II ( 47, ~ 5)
qf`Ô =i` I
~~==^ q[~=~= II ( 48, ~ 5)
qH*x~H =O[#q=i` I
P`<`x`$` q[~=~= II ( 49, ~ 5)
F L=# H~}O G 321
J#<~~# =~`qÔ=~ I
^~^~t~n~ q[~=~= II ( 50, ~ 5)
""xH WH_ ^Y=Qx, "=Qx, [#Qx, [## O^#\kQx
^. U^` H^ Jk ~^ LO_=#k. ^x< 'P` Jx JO@<O. H#H hqH
^Y~`_=, xtO`_" LO_=. j`+=, "^# Ô^= Jf`_",
x``=Q ~=#O^ u HeyO_=.
''x^^ O^=#... L#^^ q_==#... Wk OKe... Jk OK
_^... g~ = "~... "~ H^... - J##\ QH=== H@_=^.
P`=O`_", Jkf_" H~`_", O`=i`_" LO_=. =_=,
z`_=, ~"# |k H"_= J~ LO_=. =x", XH L`="# =}Q
K`` HtOK^=QH!
''Jq^ Qx, ^xH H~H===~=Qx `^" # q H=. He`" # q
=`". OH~`_", n~|k` n#z`= HeyO_=.
Oz# ==~=# x~i<, ^Y~`_" LO_=. ^M^#
h= Q OK=^. 'Q OK@O J< =O K`< ^Y= Oq < ~. g`~Q_=,
zO`~`_=, x~ z`_= =i`_= JQ=. U ^~=# QOK#
=^... `lOK# =^.
~ ^ O K=# Jf`"
# (P= L#) |^= # Ok LO_=.
P`== ""xH ~^ Oz L#k. ''W\H xk XH\ L#k..... Jk
<# Oê J# K# OiH"#^#x, *<yK Jk ^QO HQ^x QOK.
~_" ~=ÔQ qH~`_= H=. q*x" Z\ H=# O^<
=^. qH *O #O_ q=_= H=. qH*=O` h #O_, h K`< He`"
|~`=Òk. hH q*#=`_# ^$+ J=Q# =`" J^xx
x~kOKQ=.
Q~=Q "= q ~ q+" q+}= KK`<O. J~`
îOK=#k, QOK=#k q~! '= J< ~ q@ `y= QH!
F ~=! PÒ^, P`K i`$_", O`= x"_" LO_=. ''<#
P`~_# J# ZH` K`#~= OìOKH. "~~Ò Q n~_"
#j_", i`~`_=Q=.
Oz# ^xx J#qOKK, U "OK H, Q}, `Q~`_ L#"_
` K`< P` H B#`x OQ QOKK<_. ==^=
322
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
Q 'P`K PÒ^ i~_", ~H=_" Ou Y=# P~OK=.
J=Q HO^~ r= ''D Z^~Q H#|_ O@#, ^~, = *O
Jh "= " Jx =# K @ K`< WH_ ^YO, ~QO, H`HO, P"O , O=$u
O, HÔ "^Q#q U~_K<~. ''D OKO q^ ~O Jx Z~Q"_
J`~O J~#\ W^x H~ ~Q f_? ^.
F ~=! h= `` A_=. H<~`_=. WH h ^Q K=Ok
U=O@Ok? zH, O[~= z#@ P` s~=#O^ z#^x qOK
_^. =#= O`= x~= JYO_= `= x`= JQ P`
ZH_? [_=, =`H, `= JQ D ^"H_? JO_=Q PH=
\H~OQ (O_x PH~OQ) @O (O_) z#^x J#@O
=O[O H^H^!
H#H, Pk "k =i`_" x~O`~O P`*#O Hey Y=O`_= H=. h
L`=, O` Q}=H gH~}=K = [## #Q K=O_.
=^$+ Hey=O_, z~HOQ ~[=# KHQ eOK.
''~|=OK` J#qOK`y#, x~iOK=# H~O^, "\ =O^
`Q=Qx, ~Q=Qx H= H^ Jx QOz LO_.

4. H~|^ q=
F ~=! ''< Jkf " # \ 'P` H x ^ #=` O K ` D
[Q^ =~=O` << X#~K<# J# x=# *#^Q Q
Hey=O@<~. J\ x= HeyO_, P H~=O^ =$`_ Q "_ '=_
Jx = JaO. =H uH H~##O q~^= H^. H=# x^!
H~|^ - D r=_ J<H `~"` =#+Ô O^K<_. J@
=#+Ô Ok# `~"` _ 'x= H~##=#O^ ``~ Hx"~
^Y= "H xOKK<~. xOk` H~K D r=_ #~H=# "K<_.
=~ JH_ #O_ H= H~#=O H~ ~O "K<_. HO^~ q` H~
O^ |^H=K J^~ LO@<~! J\"~ XH #~H=#O_ =~H #~H=#,
XH ^Y= #O_ =~H ^Y=#, XH =#O_ =~H =# J#H}O
} K < ~. "## ^@O Q HeOKHO@ "\H `" |^ QK<~.
^+~ = PkH` K` [O` [#, JH_ #O_ =~ ~= O^K<~.
F L=# H~}O G 323
^ u - HO^~ ^#Q r= `=H =#K D =#H

H`"# 'P`# QiOz qK~} K<~. `=Oê `$+# ~Ò K
"<~. H~O^ JH~, [#O^ [#~Ò "iH +=Q ~^ ~`
J#==QK<~. J\ r= ^ u, "~ L`= H==# O^K<~.
x+^H~ - OOK@, ^+OK@, H^=, ~+=, = "^#q
''P~OK_^ Jx = Q~K<~.
~[ u - D r= uH=, H H} H~H=Q H~
O|OkOz# =$u O~=# HeyO@<~. ''^~=#` Q=î`
=#` D H~ <# Ke. `^~ ~`_Q P Q=O`x O`+O*e
J# =##= Hey, PH~O^ =$`=QK<~. g~ H=OQ XH +"#
[# #O_ =iHO` +" # [## J#q OKK, XH<H q`= = (XH<H
[#) = QK<~. J\" ~ `=H z=i[#, \# "O@< ~K O ^x=
=$kx QOKK<~. "i P [# ''^# K`+O |_K "O@#O\
= LO\~. |q^ L`=# = q^ =z K~K<~.
+`=, =<~`=, "u, [#=, H~}, *#= "^# Q}=h P`xx
=z P~<~.
F ~"! Z=_` = H~= K#\H, , J=O^ =~_
=i_, ~ H= O^H LO\_, J`x @ D Y^Y= "^#
Ô^=h xiO J~`~. ``"i#\ pH\ Q #tOz`~. z`=
= ^}=K i^=`=O@Ok. J\ ^K~O#} [# ''D`xx
"= Hey LO_e Jx `~. ZO^HO>, P`x O^ ^} O^ =Q,
JOHe`=Q =i LO@Ok.
^# K`+O - ^ OQÒ, =}O, =##O, xk^ "^# L`=
Q}=K i~_ LO@# P`xx Kz O`+Oz#"~ ^~=Q *#
*#O^# k< ~. ''Wk P` Wk J<` J# q"H= "iO^ OQ
HtOk. J\ qK~Q= OK P r=_ P#O^H~=Q P`~=#
gHOKQQ`_. JO`H~}=#O^ P` H}=# JYO_`=, x``=,
^`=, H=`= "^#q ~= kÔ\~. P` P`x =##=,
== JQK#k. L`= Ou P`x ^~}. =# ~^ x~} (Q}=
Jf`"#) |= ~=O^ SH" LO\Ok. 'P` J#|_ J#==#O^ x`=
k`_ J`_ LO@<_.
324
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
KK" ~=! L`= H O`, ^$+`, =#` Lkx Ok# r=_ rqÒ
J# D J=H=# =$^ ~KH_. =`, P`^+ JQ ^~=#
qOz, "~ kOK K x~ |kx OkOKO\_. J\ |kK
z`=#Oê P`==# HtO*O\_.
JO`H~}=# HtOKK# |=# J#xÒQ Pk<_. ~=
~~ ~=Q L`=Qux `# H #=#O^ O^K<_.

F L=# H~}O G 325
II. [#HM#=
1.^w `Q#O
'qk q^ J< ~Q ~[=# [#H=~A e<_. P#
^x\ Z\ =^ LO_k H^. 'Wk P^, 'Wk O^ J#|_ ~ JO`~OQ=#
O_< =q+=Q [#~HOQ ~[O eL<~. J~` P#
Hx O^ ZH_ JO`~OQO KKQ q#q#=O@ LO_q.
D r=_=_? D O~= U" L#k? =# He#k Z=~? =#
HeOKK#"xH, P = J#qOKK#"xH Q O|O^"q\?
<<=~? D ~*^ <"<? H^! JOH~= =? "==? JOî
O^ Q"#_ L<_x "^= +<~, J~` <O^ _ LO_e
H^! LO> U ~= L<_?
*#O JO> Uq\? J*#O J#Q Z\k? Z=iK HeÒ? D =# O^
J`x, KOK`x x~kOK@O ^"<? WH_ Uk `lOKe? Uk QOKe?
W@ J<H PK# O^` LO_"_. XH ~A P# =#q~O K
L^ O ` i "~OQ XH ~ ÒÒ K~~. i"~= #O`\ h =ê ~ `Q
XO@iQ OKiOKQ_. XH K@ P# Hx |=" J"HQ qxOK
Q~. J<H ^#K =iOz# Q|O` =## UHQO K P
|=# q#Q_.
P |= J^$~Q ^ ~~ O+} J~ L#@ Q|O
K`, ìH |OK` QOK_. ''P! WH_ U^ O+} q#=Ok. Wq ^
=\_H< =@! J~` ^ UHO`" H^! =#=` q`
JO` èHQ aOK^. D ~A < }O ^=Òk H. g~ q``
=. gi =@ qO@O>, L`"`==Q P`== QiOK O+OK
O@#@ < JxOk. ~, AQ gi "H=# q#=`` t+=<
=x`_< q<^# QH Jx `# J#<_. =## `k`~ q+=
#O_ "#H =~e UHQ`` P |=# q#@, J~=# QOK@
L^__.
326
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
XH<H ^_ : q`~, WC_ P`*# q+" Hx q KCOÔ.
HO` =K~O KiOKHOÔ. =#=# J=Q# O|OkOz# J#"#
q+OKOÔ.

XH@= ^_ :
^+ ^~#= OQ #O - XH\ K#k. =~H\ K_|_K#k. Jq
^+ ^$= H^! iq`, JiH ^$+H, D ^+ ^$= "~ "~#qQ
JxOK@O, OK@O [~QÒk. J~` D ^+ ^$+ ^~#O ^$O _
XH<HK@ OQ= O^K<~. UHH ~" ^~#=QK<~. J\
x~=#O^# ~O J~# OQ #O U^ L#k?
XH<H Jx~Kh=Q `` = D '<`= "^# WOk= ^~
q+=` OQ=# P~Ok. P `` " 'WOk q+= J#
PH~=Q |k=$`# Ok#^QK#k. ~=# 'Wk Y=, 'Wk ^Y=
'Wk H"e 'Wk =^ Jx x~~OKk, =#Kk, J#==# O^k J^.
J\ x~u =#O^ ~" # P`<...... <# P~k < #. 'Q = O`_
Jx K|_K#k J^. qH xiH =^K`, JO`~ WOk
xQ=K` <K x~O`~O LOK|_K#k J^.
Z=~ ZH_ LO>, Jk "iH JH_, JC_ aOz L#k. WH ^x H~
=~H #O "? =i HO` =O "z LO_? ZO^?
Jk ''< H, ~ H, ~= H ~=# "~#k
H^. J\ Jkf"#k ("~H#\k), JYO_"#\k (J<H r=Q =~ ==
#\k), ~"#\kQ P` Q=O`# W^ < #=~O. ^$~=, <
~=_ ~^ J~ L# 'P` }==. ~r= `<, ~HQ
"~ ^~#=QK# J^`^"! h #=~O!

~O_= ^_ :
=# =#=O^ L# H` - D ''<`= "^# WOk=O^
'J#== ~=Q `H" ''*#= LO_ L#k. P *#O D WOk=
~k^H#@ =O^ LO_ L#k.
'<# KKK<# J# ~=Q J#==# =O^ P J#==#
P~OK '<# LO_ L#k. J^ qÔQ '<# J#|_#k qOK|_@ =O^,
P '<## qOK@ ^=QK# ` LO_ LO_e H^?
F L=# H~}O G 327
qOK"_ =#HO> =# =O^ LO_ L<_. J\ 'H ~` q+"

HO^~ ''Jk L#k.... Jk L#k Jx JO@<~. =i HO^~ ''Jk H
H#|_@O ^Q!... H#H ^ Jx "k<~.
''J`< ^K` Jk 'L#k, '^, Jx _ K|_Òk. J@ 'L#k,
'^ J# q+" P ~O_O\x î, J#=O O^ XH<H H`= LO_e
H^! D J` <`= (L#k ^) H= ~O_\ O^# =^Q`",
H~=# "QO^K L#^k?
B#.....! Jk =#, " J=Q< LO\Ok. J#==`"
JQK#k. Jk 'P` J# O[` =#O KCO@<O.
P P` `# Ht, `k`~=# ~ ==#, = ^$=#
HtO* Ok. Jk 'J` =# P~OzO^....... '[Q` J< H~= U~_K#k.
Jk '<`=# P~Oz#C_.... '[Q` u~=~= O^K#k. J\
P`==< J< J<H <= ~=` L<~. JOî P~^#, `#
Jk. J\ 'P``` =# <# x`= L<#.

=_= ^_ :
P^~_, x=_ - ''<#, h=, J`_, P", "~, g~ J##=h L#k
ZH_? ZO^? D ~=# P^~O Z=~? D == Z=xH KOk#k?
g@xO\x xqOKK " eOKK#"_ Z=~?
Z=xH OH |=K` ~= L`#" XH<H x=#~O
=iOk? D ~=# 'H~} `_ Z=_? Z=_ LO> =`" W=h LO_
QQK<~? J D == Z=_ <_? =K [Q^ =~=xO\h
x~ ~~= `< J~ L<_.... <=~= O|OkOKx"_
Z=_? J\ `=, x`=, ==, ~= JQ ~=`< <# P~k<#.

<Q= ^_ :
~x~K#= P"=, KH= (Zone of/indicative of - all definitions)-
''J"..... (<#) J# =# ~O^ ~^ ~=# H~}"
"QO^K#k H^...! D 'JH~= PkQ, ' H~= JO`=Q Q 'J"
J# |= z#k ^xx?... Jk 'P` J#|_ =~H |=` _
ukOK|_Òk. Jk `k`~ ==x\h HtO*Ok.
328
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
JO`H^! ~"^, `k`~"# J#Q`"#k J^. | q^Q
<= ~^` _#^ J<H K=`~K =zO|_K#k _ J^!
Jx JH~= =^ ~=Q |*=#O^ J`_ JO`~`_ L<_.
''Wk O^~"#k.... "#k... HiO`y#k..... P~H~"#k... q`"#k
"^# x~K#=h Z=iq? JO=#H Pk J~#\ '^z` ``= H
K=`~". P P`Q"#_ ~H~_ J~ L<_.
J#Q, J`_ ~Q PH~= QOKK<_ H^! H|\ ~ x=_,
~ " _ J~ L<_. P ~ " _ J#=^ _. P`xx =kOQe y#k, x~kO
Qey#k ZH_ Un LO_*^. P`_ qQ=Q JQ@ ^.
P`_ ""xH U<_ =~H>n JQ@ ^. H#H 'r=_, '=# "^#
=h P`x@ =K PkOK|_K#q =`". P`_ ~^ x~} |= #O^
u Hey=O@<_. [O `~OQ=QK#\H [= [=Q< LO\Ok H^!
''-"... -"... -" - P`_ <# .. <# D <= ~=
H^. =<|^ <# H^. zÒH~= <# H^. P`_ <#..... << P`_.
LKK '" =OÒ JOHeÒQ< <K x~O`~O [OK|_K#k
H^! J\ P` ~"~x P~k<#... L<#. ~} "_`<#. P`_
x~=_ (formless) Jx è_, <=~=# LH~}=Q fHx P
P`#O^ `` ="Q }<#.

S^= ^_ :
# J#", # " - u XH r=x '$^ Q# XH<H '` ~_Q
Q"#_ H~= LO_=<_. H ~_ "QO^K, ~=# J`_
"eyOK@ =H~_ JQK<_. J`_=~? Ju K=`~OQ, '# J#", '#
" (Not different from one's own self. Not anything outside).
JO`~` ~_Q P Q=O`x U=~z, H \ .... D r=_ ZH_
L#@Q qOK|_ J#^=`# P~<_q\? ZO` P~O?
F~, r=_! h $Ô ~^ "OKO_, ~ uQÒ^, x_,
x~_ J~=O@# P JO`~` h=. =~n h= J~ LO_^.... LO_=!
Kux '=}x iQ =~z, ZH_ ^~=QQ XH QA=H# Kz ''J!
Jk ## qOK _^...! UOK Jk O^Q #? Jx h= ZO^ H=i< =?
Q@ q =}x Kz#@ $^ =# #" # P ~`# îOK"O ?
F L=# H~}O G 329
P Q=O`_ JOQ+=`_ ~ $^=O^ M#_ JO`~`

~_O_ L<_. JO^K`, u XHiH "= KCK#k XH>... ~
r=~! q U XH~ iÒ K=# <q ^ . P ~= ` q $^ =#O^
~^ "OK<~. Jk QOKO_... P~kOz ìOKO_. ~=` ~
O`$ J=O_. < P~^#, P~^= ~O`~q JQ < JO`~`!

P~= ^_ :
P ~ÒHQ JC_ +Oz LO_k! - D r=x O^ H}H}O JOMHOQ,
JOÒ_ U"" H` H` P U~_K<~. D 'P J#^xH JO`
LO_@O^. P ZO^ U~_K<~? 'PtOK@ J# H$u O|O^"#
== K`< H^! XH<H r=_ = P i`lOK_#H... J\H P`xO^
+Oz LO_#^q\?
P +#_ (J@ +OK ^x O^ xOK"_) 'z^ ~|=
J# O[` K|_K<_. Jk |=. Jk =~=. Jk ~^ Oz
L#k. J\ |=H *<#== Oz# `~"` WH 'P J# q+`
#"H_k? "`~ L#K@ pH\ H LxH ZH_?
$^=# P~`= K JC_ +Oz LO_ P` <K P~kOK|_
~"` $+`` =. Jk < P~^ ^==. J^ ~=. < `=h J@
"H!

U_= ^_ :
Ô, =O - D [Q` 'Q= J# J#==# O^_xH
J<H == Z^~Q Hx<~. W=h ""xH ~~Ò. Wq J#H}O XH
u #O_ =~H uH x<~.
"H=, Q~^ ''D [Q` ^~= x~= Jx ^ ^
r= Q~ K < ~. D r= J=h qO@_ ZO^H '^~k< P~< ~.
''D =*O Y^=. Wq ==# `k`~ H< QQ K~.... H#H
Hey LO\O QH .. J# K# r=# q^#=# OK@O [~QÒk. g~
==H~H ^+OKH#K<~... ^dOKK<~... qOK K<~....
~Q f<~. eÒQ, J*#OK P=iOK|_# =# Q"~ =~ =~
J<H hK L^ O^K<~. ^~"# u Q` `z @ O@<~.
330
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
J\ Q==# rq` H =Q JOwHiOK =#= "ix =#=
Jx J#_^. =#=~O L# Q_^ =O\ "~! ZO^HO> "~ `= =#
O^ Z< 'x+[#H~=, `*~= JQ "^#, ~^# "<~ H^!
'P` *#=, 'P`#== J##q H =Q Hey rqOK"i rq`=
=`" J~H=, H~=, q`= _! "i H~, "i |=, ==
H=OQ Y O` OìOKHQ=.
H#H P``` *#, P`= JQ@ uOK@K =
(=`~"# P= H"~) JQ@ ZO` L`=O! J\ =" < =~O.

Zxq^= ^_ :
WOk kxQO - ~` ~H` Tq^ _Ò>, WO^_ `#
=*Ô` P ~`= ~H# YO_<_ H^...! J\Q 'WOk= `=
W+O =z#@ P q+= "KO_Q D =#=_ K T~H=@O
LzÒ H^. 'q"H= J< Ô_=` "\x ^^ J}z"e.
WOk~ ^KQ =i LO_ =O Pr=x $Ô
YO` LO_ J=H"H_k? D WOk# xqOK@O ZQ#C_ Wq
J#O` ^Y=H D r=x `" < ~. ^~~ [#~O ~ # O * < ~.
J~! ZO` qOz# `~"`, P= eÒQ '=#=_ "^# L`="#
L^ Ok _, D r= J< "\x kxQ~KH=@O ^?
= , ''WOk=# Z@ xqOK@O LzÒ? J< q+ " J<H =~=
KK<~.
WOk îxQ|_O_ QH! ZO^HO>, JO^ JOu= [#O
^YO, Jq"HO, Oz``" JQK#k. ''Wk <~O, Wk ^~~O Jx qKH}
K|_, JC_ iQ =~=, J#Q `=, JYO_= JQ P`=Q#
OOkOK =~O - D WOk= qxyOK|_QH! ~ J=H=
kxQ ~Kx P`=Q# OOkOKH=@" <~O. Jk < ^#.

`q^= ^_ :
WOkf`Ò - D q+=h _ ^Y^=Q< i}q<~.
D OKO HxOK=h WOk O|Ok`= H^!
=iC_ L"q\? q+= "O> ~Q f? ...^.
F L=# H~}O G 331
=#=_ D , JO`~ "~=# x~k LO_e. JC_ H=OQ

D q+=K U~_K# ^Y= ~Ò J=Òk. J@ x~kOK@O HO`
= L#=@ x[".
J~<~! - JO`~ "~= H=~Ke. ''JY=# `QO
K L`= Y=# =iOK@O J<k HO JOîH è# q+"H^!
q+ Y= JkQqOK|_O^..... JC_ P`Y" aOKQ^ H^! J\
'L=#=K WOk "~O x~k, z`= qOk.
z`= WOk=#O_ ~H`=~# K@ '[_`= #\ ^ ~|#=O
aOKQ^. L`= u aOKQ^. JC_ OKK# x`k` 'P` H
~|=# W" < #=~=. Px`k` ~|" < ^$+, x+ _!

XH<H ^_ : =Ozk... D =O =#O KH\ q+ Q~ K<O. WH

D q+= =#O =iHO` zOKO@ LO_^=QH! WH =#O =#
#= "Ô!

2. qz` OKO
uQ` =O^"#H
P qÔQ ^ Q#O K# w`= J~=# `~z `~z z
[#H=~A WH WO\=YO \_. HO`K# `~"` P`xO^ XH c~=
= qÔ U~_Ok. H=OQ JO`~O *~_. i"~=#O`\ h "i "i
#= O"_. H@ H XH ^QO Jk~OK_. XHK@ XO@iQ
J@W@ K~ K Ju KOK=` _#\ D qz`"# OzH Q`
QiOz f="# ij# KQ_.
[#H =~A (QÒQ) : JOÒ_ P...! J"# rq`HO...! P!
ZO`\ M^H~"# q+O! Uq q` =z_Ok! D [#=$`[~^
ZC_ ZO^H z<#. WOH=#k? qHe H+^"# KOK rq` Ô^
|`~OQ îOK|_K<<!
D rq`x, ~*^# Kz ZO^ JC_C_ < èO_<
<# =i`<#? D J#O` H == < rqÒ ZO` "#k?
332
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
J\ HeH rqÒ Zx uQ`!... Zx X_^_...! WO`<
^#O, ~[O, *u,JkH~O, u+... "^# = == @ JO`#x P
HeOKHx, P P= |OÔ W~Hx L<<! ''q=~ q+ } J=Q##
P~OKx < H=# îxQ ~KO@#O^ kH~ =QQH!
D ~[=, ~[iH= "^# \\ = J~` Hx O=`~
LO\~. P W=h `Q=#^H^! <# |k, H, H W=h _ g\x
HkHO Hey LO_\xH =`" "z, Jk ZO`\ =~Ò! ZO`=Ok W`
~O D ~[O U~? HH" } ZO`=Ok =z D qk #Q~O U=K<~.
J! D `K"# '|k ## ''^~`, hK ==, `K"# L^ "Q
#_O^q\? =O^ =O^ OK= ^Y= =#= H~ WC_
<<"< K<<? J D q+O QiOz, zOu<<? ^. W\ J~` WH
XH HOK~Q_^ < `_ Uq LO@Ok?
<# ""xH J<k J~#, J#O`"# ~=Q P` K`#=<H^!
=^ D J"# 'rq`= J#|_#k < H"# ''s~=` U~~Hx#
O|O^= K`< OKK#k. WÔ` Jq"H=H =". XH z`@Ox
KO^x Kz J=H_, ''D KO^x K\ J=$``"# H~} ##
P^ ~<~ Jx KCHO@O> U=<e? ''D ^" <# Jx qOKK,
J<``=Q D ^^# P`~OQ `KK =~OQ H= Q_"<#.
WO` qOz < q+" q+"q #@ =` _# ^~= Hey LO@<#.
Uq =~Ò!
ZO` H+HO! -
OK~`< qO^*#*e< I
H+=u=q H<i"` II ( 9, ~ 9)
U SO^*x WO^*=K ~= "`_< <# D '~[=, ~[O#O,
|O^ =, [# "^# "\K "O O^K<#? D Z^~Q H H#|_q
`=x, x`=x <# ZO^ =# K#@?
[Q`^~= =# - D ^$ [Q`# ZO`Q ijeOz K Uq O?
WO^ `"#, Jiz#"# ==O@ U^< L#^? D OK=O` "uH
Kz#\H J\ == ^ H^! D < s~" HO`HxH <e=KO_Q
WH Z^~Q xz# [Q` ^~= q+ O "~ K^=#k? J` =, Jx`=
J~#"\K < z` qOu Z\ aOk?
F L=# H~}O G 333
J*#^$+H "# q+ =, ^~= =`~ " # "\= JQ < ~.

`` e ÒQ ` == H J#= O JÒ` ^~OQ< LO_Òk. <# U ` == H
J<+ < <, Jk < =# _ H J~, D ~ =# x=H" "QK#k.
ZH_H "e? Uq K_e? - P `== < ZO` qO L#^ `~z
K 'P `" <# Jx è =Ok. J\ 'x`^JYO_J"
~= ` H ^~ #O ZH_H "o` a O k? J`_ < $^ =#O^ $^ =#
H`_ L<_ H^! H#H P`x H~ $^=#O^ "`HeQx, ZH_ |@
"uH` UO O? < k= K`# - =O <O^ "uH îOKeHx, =~H_H_
H^!
$^=< LO@ _ P`_ ZO^ aOK@ ^? ^~=
@ x~O`~O U~_K# =` _# =# JO^ J_QK#k
H^! ...H#H, ~ ^~= # `lOz"^#QH! J JH ZO^ LO_e?
D r= J< ''"= Q=# O^=#k J# H =`
J P =Q ^< ~# , OKk=# O|OkOz# ~Q=` _# q+ =
"^# "\O^ f==Q =$`QK<~. Hx UO O? Jq aOz<,
J=h H}OQ~= H^!
h\ 'P=$`= ZO` HO xez LO\~? W=h _ JO`=`"!
z\H =O J"! D ^<^ OkOK HO, HeyO_ HO _
r=# J<H ^Y=# HQ*<~ H^! W\ `K=, x~= J~#\
^~= H~ uOKK, =~=# H #x\h <# ZO^ <
KH"e?
'~ |O J# |O K K |_K# P`== ~ ^ `# "QK ~ =#
"eyOKK LO_ L#k. Jk D < s~ ^~} =O^ LOk. WC_ _ LOk
D s~O `lOK|_=K, J~#\H Jk J> LO_ LO\Ok. ^x O^ U =O
# Z\ =~K~ LO_=. P ~|= < HO> "~#k H^. |#O^
~O, UHH ` O Jk. J\ P` == # ZQ@ H~ , J\ ZH 'J#= OQ
i}qOK@ D =~=# H# <# ZO^ qxyOK ~^? U
q+M`, LHOz#O` =Ò K` x` `=Q 'P` aO^, J\ 'P`
=O# =ê.... Q_~H =O\ q+ M H~, D ~[O, JkH~O "^#
`K ==~ H~ <# ZO^ J] KKe? Z=i H~ JHOKe? Jq
LO> LO_h, ^ `Qh! JO^ UO q+O L#k? D ~*^ Z^~Q U~_
L#O` =Ò K` Jq <q J=`? J=h "#" H^! <k q^~[O.
334
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
'<k J#`y#kH_ Uq L#k - uH}O, u~A, u =O, u O=`~O
=Ok, Òk. ''J<H M O^=## H O` P `h x~iOK@O
J##Ô` z=~ ^Y~=Q< i}qOk. J D OKO q<#O
HxÔ@ ZH_ Un <^. Ju `~ HQ~O He U ==<<
'L`= == Jx J#@O Z\?
H|\ '<# Hey<# Jx U^k <K qOK|_K#^ J\ ~[=,
`k`~ [#`\ O|O^ O^==, D s~^ ...W=h = H~}OQ<
J@ qOK|_K<~.
J#O`=Q =H ^$+K, H... `` ^$+K Kz#C_ 'WO^_ |
"^# "i ^= _ JÒ` "#qQ#, H=K #tOzq Q#,
^Y ` _H#q Q# è=KO_Q WH D JÒ` HeH=Q
D qk ~[ O#O ZO`\ k?
D ^$ [Q`# q"K<^$+` ije LO> < XH> JxOk....
r= x~O`~ z` qOu OkO*Q ^~"n WH_ <^.
D ~A O^~ , =~} `= [_ JOHiOz# =~ QO^
~\ H "_, " XH = <\ "|_K<~. <_ D s~O J<H
Hs\#, [H~# îOz, J<# W@ J@ u~QKO_ =KQH!
W^ s~O Hk ~A =` =\ O^ =K#^....!
=i =~~Q < zÒ WÔ` Q=xOKÔ? Wk P `K q==
O^, O|O^= O^, *ÒH~= O^ ZO^ qO Hey LO_, ~A
Q_K#^ < J~O H^!
PHO Q Pk# XH H P PHx =ke ''D J_q <
a yO[ Z =z_~? J< PK< KO_, < "e = zx
"@Qx K` OOK|_K#k H^! ...P @ "@Qx |@H `"|_
K#@, < D z`= `K=, #~=, =^H~= JQ q+ Y= "H
PHiOK|_Òk!
P= -
J~A~=|^- =OH-HOH` I
uì ==`#ù II ( 16, ~ 9)
! `qn! WH_ `_=O\^q Z^~Q #\H <# =Ò WH_
q+= H\ "|_ L<<? P= q"K< Hx H\ " LOK`<~.
F L=# H~}O G 335
|~^ O_< <# HOH`_#QK<#. [# [#Q PiOz# ^~#,

O~= ## ^+i`xQ K<~.
''h= P`" =- Jx ^ K<~. P "HO qx _ UO O?
~=# P= L#\ <# WC_ WH_ [_`=K |_ L<#. < P` H
"=`` x WH_ ''J*#O, ^~, ~Q^+=, *u "^# JOH~
H " < ~. H~" O ~ Hx JKkOK#@, <# `Q =n=O`_#,
^_#, JYO__# J~#\H "O =z_ #<O^H P=iOz "Ok.
Uk <#? Uk <k? -
H W " =Q? H W" ==O^"?
`=<= OH`# J= II
D =Q= q? D < |O^=O` Z=~? P! XH x Q
=~OQ ''<#, <k J# H#K x~}OQ "_K<<? D 'QO, '^$O
O^ <# ZO^ OQ qO HeOKH#K<#? < H `K q"
< [~-=~} H## PkO*K, JÒ` ^HO JQK#^? D
^#, O^"^ LO> LO_h, ...^ ` h! g\` <Hqx? h\ U~_
'|_Q Q W=h q^ ~OQ< O<~. g\` O|O^ ^~}Ox
uaO =O\" H^!
=#O J<H=Ok KH=~ QiOz q<O. "~ = Q= J#qOK~.
L`=Q} O#Q |O^=# Hey<~. ....J=h U"<~? H=O <=
=ÒQ< qy? W\ < O|OkOz# =q+=h q+` JO`
H`<~. =i D =~=#= #O^ <<O^ qO =Oz LO_e? Q
~A q" UO Qu \ Ok? JO` H^... W`~ |^=xK ~zOK|_#
J<H |O_h WC_"~? =@=" ! J<H =Ok |
QuOK~. D |O_O H Qu _ JO` H=K#k. WH < '<k J#|_
=O Qx, JH Hx ZO^ LO_e?
[O |^^=# `# O^ O K O@ LO@Ok. 'H_ J#|_"_
H Hk WO^< qOy"_. =i q+= O^ q= Hey LO_
< =O\ =~# Kz qA #=H#@ `=#k?
J#O`H\ |^= QuOK~. J<H $+~O~ Q_z~. ZO^~
~A H@ OY ôH}== q#+"~. WH <<O`? D ~["O`?
D < |O^[#"O`? D WOk Y= ZO`\ q? D< rq`=#O^
336
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
U"" O^x P Hey =O__O ZO`\ =~Ò! ZO`\ hK"# u! ZO`\
JO!
^` |k - D OK=O` 'O~= J< ~u O^ O^|_K#
XH<H ^+ O =O\k =`" . 'D < ^ O, `k`~ ^ O, ^~* O "^#
"\ O^ WO`HOQ ZO` #qH` ==i# < kH~=Q QH! `,
~ u+ "^# H#h _ =~= , J` ~ _! D 'JOH~O
J< ~ Q KO` _ LO_x < K#^=~? W\ J*x = <# ZO^
LO@<#? XH" H}=, xq, ~A, O=`~ ~=# L# H;
HO K` P= H} H} O qz#" Ò^. =~H" U"" P, P~ , JO`$
WO`HO` =$^=QK Z^~Q L# ==O` PHqOz "<!.
WÔ` K _ <# ZO^K` qK~} K@^?
F P ==~! q~O` < =O^ ZO^ q[$Oa<~ KO_?
HO H Qu Z@#^ Q=x<~? Uq H==! | "^# kH
"i "i P#= u=Q HO K` OK|_ P\_O|_K<~? =i
Uq PtOz UO O? HO H H_ =#= H~}=Q H~Q~O OÒQ
xîOK q+^=_O`\ "_ _ PH# ~H` Ô #==Ok.
D H= = ~^# ZOî< HOz"Ok. F < P~! J\ H=
#O^ q~, <# XH H? =i WÔ` Q=xOKO_ q W+O =z#@ `#O
K~<~O?
J#~H, q~H - `"~Òk, ^QOÒk. ...~A Q_z`<~.
Hx, ^+~Ò, P#O^ ~O J~# == aOz# ~A XH>< L#^? ^.
K~= X_# H, HOQ =z "#@ D } H z`= O^ Q=
@ 'P iOk. "~ P P "O@< ~Q f<~. JO`Hx P` H`~O
H~ uOK@ ^... O^@ ^. =i [#"q\? J<H H+ Y=
=<~.... `<~.
H`+`~O ^M^Y`~OQ` I
J^#q~H kV=^=" II ( 31, ~ 9)
J"# H+O #O_ JkH"# H+O, z# ^YO #O_ ^ ^YO, ...W\ ^~~
J#"h =z _`#\H < D O~O @ q~H U~_@O ^. <#
ZO`\ J^= z`_#! U ~=} ^~ <# ^$_"# u+ Hey L<< -
J=h #tOz" H^! D OKO 'z~~Q =O_ == U^< XH@<
L#^?
F L=# H~}O G 337
D O@#^~@#, D O|O^ O^==, D Y^Y=, D ,

J=, D s~ PH~}-qH~} ...W=h _ HO`HO HÒ =. =i
HO`HO `~"` LO_=. =^ L#@ `KK<~. Wq `= Z J=`~?
D '= J#|_k =^ HO =`" ~=}OQ LO\Ok. D 'QO
"^#q `^#O`~OQ HkHO =`" ~=}OQ LO@<~. WOk
J#== qK~} KH=@K`< OQ LO@<~. Uk U"`<O? U"q
~=}=Q LO@<, J=h _ 'q<#= J# XH JQ= ^=
" Z\|_ L<~. =i=h Jq`= HH WOHq\?
=#A_ U ^~= O^ `#H q=# |OkOKHx LO@<_,
P ^~=h `~K ^Y=< HeyOK_O =#O K<=<O.
r= ZO^~ D OKOH =<~. WH_ =z WH_ [_==#
P~<~. WH_ <k, hk J# =# HeyO@<~. J\ ==
H e `" q\? JkH" # H ` _#k, JkH" # ~` =` _#k,
JkH"# ^Y=# [xO*k J~#\ q+` ux O^@" H^!
=#= [# OzOk WO^H? J! =O` J*#=` Q_zÒk.
=#=O^=... =#^_ J# "xK zQ "yOK|_Òk. "~HO @O|
zO`, X_K# uH^=K kO|_K#k.
WH D r= `=# `= Z\H Z@ LîOKHQ~? Ki` K~}OQ
[# =<~, `<~. D r=_ `# H ``=# =Ò Q=xOK
H`<_.
x~ O~O -
PQ=~q~O ^"+=^+`" I
J~~OO~O HO`ù^~u II ( 37, ~ 9)
D O~O J~"#k. x~"#k. J~#\H ZO` ~=O`"#kQ ZOK
|_Òk. Wk PÔ`= J^"#k(Unreal from the beginning to the end).
QH= q~"#^ Ok (Distasteful at the time of experiencing). î^=,
~Q=, "~H=, =, L^Q= - "^# "\K ~=^+`"#k. J\ D
x~ O~=# ^~k K`< <# P~<#. JiH"# J=Q# K`<
WO^ U^ O^=#x ^=_K<#.
XH_ ~[=, J"^= "^# J<H Q=# ZO` `
x~iOz, z=~ | ^=Ò O^`_. Hx =H= H =H= P
338
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
|^=`= _ H}H" H^! ZH_ U Q q+=#k? P^K _OK|_x
^=O@ D =H= ZH_ L#k? ''J<H Y= P"=, J<H
} H~= H JOu= [#= Jx K|_ ~H" J~ K
Ô_`K kO|_K#^! WH , ` QiOz "~ K^=Ok?
" D qÔQ L#k. WH JO`H~}O JQ 'zÒ QiOz UO Ke? D
z`= xO_ J<H s~H =#H "^, =^ xH" L<~. K^ H#
k#@ Z< ^~=Q# z`= Ò_=O K<~. W=h qKiOK|_k
Z\? Z\H?
U^ Pi...! - D Z^~Q L# =~=# [Q` q+xH = nx<u '<#=
J##k J=O <Hx#k. ~=}=x J#H#|_ ==x\ J~=}`
^y LO\Ok H^! ''Wq Y^= Jx J#H#|_"\ O^ J<H ^Y~O ~
==`= LO@<~.
=i <# ^xx Kz 'Wk x~Y= Jx x~~Oz P~OK J~==@O
^. D [Q`, WOê ^~ z=iHK iH ^Y= [#OQ Hey LO_Q,
=i < =##O^ ''Wk Oê..... Jk Oê J< P~@O ZO^?
Z\HC_ ^xH ^xH H}HO -
*<Kq<K H$`^[O`= I
^~`~=h~< ^~^^= II ( 42, ~ )
H$`=Q ^r= J< [x<~. KKK<~. W\ J<H
r=K D [Q` i~" #k. Hx, L`= Q =` Ju ^~ O Q ZH_Qx
`~ _ @ ^ . D q# JO^" # H gi =kH ` "^# =h H} O Q~"
H|\, gix P~Oz#"~ #= JQK<~. Z=iH` 'H# ì $+
H# = = J~ L#^, J\ [Q` H=K qOQ|_K<~.
WH D =~=#O, WO^ U~_# uQ` H}HOQH =iOHq\?
O^HO> P^ #"! - D OKO 'n~HOQ LO_q, ~=}=
#q J~# Hx ^~= L<< JOÔ! ...Hx, "@x\H ~=#
"q\? "\x PiOK@O, ~HOKH=@O, qxyOK@O W=h =` _#"
H^! F < z`=! J\"\x PtOK@O UO [#O O^Q~K<= KC?
D qz`"# O^h '#tOK@ J# =O `H Hey L<~. H#H Jq <
^$+ Q P^ JQK<~. Uk ", Jk H=K#C_ ^Q<
LO@Ok H^! 'H=@ J<k U<\H< `k H^ =i!
F L=# H~}O G 339
JO^K`, F O^~! qH< P^ #O. ZO^HO\~? ''î^=,

|O^ q<#= "^# P^ ''^=# îOK@, f~ `# qOK@,
=`, [ PKiOK@ "^# "\O^ ## xy<~. P `
q"H, "~Q "Q ## #_<~. JO^K`, <# O^ HO> P^ L`=
"#qQ Ja|_K<#.
=~ H# - =^[O uaOaOK KO^_ x[KO^_ HH~#\H
Li` h\H HêH ''KO^x HêH Jx Jx qO*Ok H^! D
'[Q` J##k =# H q=~= =`". Q, Wk H}OQ~O. J\ D [Q`
xH '<# '<k J#|_#q ZH_#O_ =z_K<~. J\ ==~~o JO`
x~~H " J~ L#k. 'Q= O^=# - J# P` _# D =# HH`m
<=K [Q` ux O^K#k. =O^Q =#, eÒQ D [Q`. ''Wk
H"e, Wk `Qe - J# H## =~O Q KOk. e ÒQ, D '[Q` J#|_Ô `
< K@ J=H<~OaOk.
D OiH ^h ^-H ==K iq`=, Oz`=, x~^=
Ok LO@<~. PkuH, Pk^qH, PûH `=K O`" LO@<~.
Jy tY =O\ D OiH ^ O^ XH ^== <# ZO^ J#~ _ < LO@<<....
ZO` `~z< _ J~=Q@^.
WH_ P"i`"# J#~H HeyLO_@O ZO`\ =Ô. WO`H< Jy
O^ O J=@O ". H, ~~"k #~H= ^~@O =Ozk. JO` Qx,
Y^Y ~=Q D OiH ^# U"" H# KO@ =iOK@O
=Ò LzÒ H^. D O~" ~ ^Y= =#O. nx O^ _#
r= WH Y"H_k? J"# ^Y=# JkH" # ^Y O @#` H#K,
'Wk Y~= J# =# =`" WH_ Y=Q K|_K#k. ''=O^ =O^
^Y=Q i}qOKQ^ Jx è _ D r=_ Hx\x Y^=Q
QOKK<_. WOH=x Ke?
=## ~Ò Kk Z\ - P! <# _ J^=_<, H>, ~~ = =Q
"_<, J*x< WO`HO qK~}#_Q< LO_<? D q O~ =$HxH
=O =# H^! 'O~= J#|_ ==~O JOMH=Q OH=`
|O_=`, q~\ ~+`, Y^Y =`, ~Q, ` _#k.
WO`\ ==~= ~zK=# z`H~_ Z=~? =# H^!
340
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
D =# H ~"q\? - =##=K =" =#. =##"
OH= _! J\ OH= LqOzO^.... O~" LqOKQ^.
'OHeOK O_@ J##k JOK= ...JC_ D O~ =$H= h~ x K@
Q +OzÒk.
'JqK~} J# J^K U~_# ''PtOK@, =Q qOK@, =,
J, WOk q+ `= "^#q D O~ =$H=# =~ zQiO
K<~. ''q"H=` _# J=Q#, J=#=` _# J= D W^~
JOQ~H, D r=x 'O~= J# =^= #O_ H_Q~.
D O~ =$` H =`" ~=}OQ LO@<~. '=# J< "#~O
H LxHK`< K`= O^K<~. WOê ^~*=O` <=O`"#^.
W\ O~=$` <<O^ _ H@H"e? J<H P=` _,
LK, hK ` ` _#^ = ^Y^= # D O~ =$` <# ZO`HOQ,
ZO`Q ~qOK<! ...JÔ` QÒ =`". ''! KK#! KO`<~! WH Q`q\!
<# x! ^d`_#! |#_#! J#H< ~A QuOz~.
QÒ Q`! WC_ <# 'i`= J# ==# `yOKHO@<#. WH
qOu O^^# QH! WC_H Z@=O\ OiH == QiOzQx, =
QiOz Qx, O|O^= QiOz Qx, O@# QiOzQx <# ^dOK=#
x ^.
<# ZO^ ^x QiOz "@ KOê? K... <# WC_ |^_<<#,
#_<<#. < '~=iH ^#=# ÔyeOKK# ÔQ# Hx\#. P ÔQ
Z=~ H^... < =#! J`# ÔQ H^, =^H~"# `= _. J`xK`
<# K HOQ "yOK|_K<#. _OK|_K<#.
~... WH << P =## _OK\O ~Oa#. WO`HO D =##
ijeOK ^, i# zH`# P~OK ^. WC_ ''L`= H~K~}=,
H"# J=, Q~= K H =" ^$+ iOK@O "^Q
`= D =## LîOK=O^!
D =# q"H ==K 'J<k Q '|``=#O^ u+O|_QH!
J\ |*<#==#O^ Wk =#= O^QH.
q"HÔ - P ^ "H= q#KO_Q <O^ 'J*#=# ijeOK
Q ` ^$+ |_ K#k. "i L^ = ## = |=O`xQ fik^K <~.
F L=# H~}O G 341
WH <# ''x~u #O^=# ^#= Jx K|_K# '~|=#

~} "_@ LHq<#.
W\ #O_ P`` _< =O\#. `k`~ =#=h `lOz "#. UHO`=Q,
Y=Q LO\#. ''D ^" <#, D ~*^ <q "^# J` ~}#
~ê"#. WH_ Y= <k H^. ^Y= <kH^. D ~O_O\h K
qO* =# _ <kH^. D qÔQ D '=# J< `=# =kOz
q"H= ^~ = qH~"#\ '~= O` ux O^`#.
J\ `=# KOKQ F q"H=! h #=~O! ~=. =#O D [#H~
=<*_=# `yOz"Ô. h= < <<_" `_Q LO>< <h O~
*_= Ô H\ Oz, [~OKQQ`#.

3. xO
P qÔQ [#H =~A H@ XH UHO` Ô zO`# K L<_.
WO` PO`~Oy_# XH ^~_ ~A# qOz W q#qOKQ_-
PO`~Oy_ : =~*! `= ^ ~^ ky[=Q QH! W\H Hf`
"#k. JkQ =~O ~OO H##k. <\ L^xH q H~H Z<
=Y ~KH~= "z L<~. z, =OQ #O H~ Ô HO_. "^ ~}Q
} Hk\ H`" =z 'J =~}O [ < ~. "~O` `= "^K~ } `#,
"^~ OQ=`# q=# "Oz, q =^ ^H}Ò|= HiOK
"_H Hey<~. q O^=O^<k H~H== H~ JO` Ô K|_
LOk. q =O\ =h `= H~H== q+O x==# JuHqOz
=iOK~ H^! < D JkHOQ=# H=~_#. `= P*"H=H "z<#.
^~_ KC K# q+ =# QOc~O Q qO@<, O`, =# z`_ Q
P =~A qz` [Qù QiOz W@ ~zOKQ_.....!
[#H=~A (`# JO`~OQ=#) : ''D ~["q\? D Y"q\? H}OQ~"#
~[Y=` <HC_ HOK"< [#O ^H^! '=$Q`$+ JO> Uq\
è# `~"` J\ =$Q`$+ h~ `y Ô f~H=\xH =~_ =`"
~Q f_. H#H <# 'q^ Q D O~=O` i`lOz"#. 'O`
=ÔQ UHO`=# P~Oz LO\#. J^=# D Q=` <
Hq\ x?
342
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
~ H~# `lOz H=O |=# ~}"_ YOu =x`_<`#. F
z`=! HOKO < =@ q#. D ''[#, [~, =~}, [_` ~=Q OiH J
J#= = J< |OÔ =#O `yOKH"e =! =# O|OkOz#k JO|Ok`" #
^x #O_ "~ K J=Q#` îOKe. L=#O H~ uÔ. q+ Y
=# PkOK@ JÒ` K`~OQ h J=# `lOK. Ou K`
=`" h= D OzH Ò^ Y=# J=H<=. Hx, J=h JÒ`
Y= =`". "\ =# U~_ ^Y= =Ò J~O.
F z`=! H L# H=O` QHO^ x=Q=QK<=.
yOK H H}Oz#C_ J~" J`=# J#qOKK<=. x[O KC...
WO`=~ h x["# `$ JO@ ZC_< aOzO^? [#= x =
ZO^H KC?
|=# qKiOK@K`=`" JH$u==Q `$ aOk. JO^K` h=
^= " =~@ LzÒ.
P =~A W@ qK~} K LO_Q P`x Kz`= qOzOk. P#
XH z`=x ~+x = =#_~. PO`~OyH ^~_ ~A H
"#`"q\ HO`=~ Ziy#"_. JO^K` , Q~"^` Uq =\_
O_, xKx<_. P `~ "` [#H=~A XH H} O ~ =# `+ =O`
`lOz#"_~. O`z`_ }H@ r=# q^#=# `KHO@ W@ =~
zO`#KQ_.
<# P`# Hx ^C_? - D OKO QOK^Q ="k? ^xx <# uOz
kOKe? WH_ '<~`=, L`==, P#O^H~=, ^+~`= J~# U^<
^~= LO>H^, JO^ q=` uOKQeQk? J\ ^~= #C_
<# D Z^~Q H#|_ ==K ZO^ |OkOK|_e? PHiOK|_e? qHiOK
|_e?
P HÔ^ ``~_< LO_@K`Qx, H x+`=K Qx < UO
[#O? ZO^HO> L`#"# u == #tOz=K#k. D s~" fOÔ.
Wk JÔQ< Pq~qOzOk. WH Wk LO_@ K` Qx, H, O_H=@ K`
Qx <# O^ =~ K~ Uq LO\~?
<# HO^ P_< LO_=K, ^ H~`_< LO_=K. J\ L
J=_ =~=Q u Ok#\ i^ K`# ~_< <#. D
=~=# H}O H#|_K# s~= =O\ J<H s~= ~=KQH! =KQH!
F L=# H~}O G 343
J"g _ <# H^. < O|OkOz#q _ H^. <# "\H O|OkOz#"_#

_ H^. "\H Jf`", Hx, "\ LxHH H~}=QK# ```=, Jx~=,
J" =< L<#. ZOÔ> K` # O K` # OQ< LO@OkHx Jk '[_O J=Ò^?
^. '^ K`#" J~ L# < D s~^K HeQ x Uq? =$k Uq?
<a"OK=OO OO#`*=" I
P`xuq #=`^" II ( 24, ~ 10)
H|\ <# O Kx ^xQiOz H~=# x^ . O z# ^xx =^=#
x_ ^. JO^Hx, ~^ ~=# PÒ^ <Hx LO\#.

J P` ## q_z "o#k ZC_? Jk ~^ <O^ x~u#O^
~O H=O`, < H< "~ H#\^ "OK L# -J^ <#. <# JYO_O,
J" O, JkfO, x`kÒ, x`x~O, [Q^f Ò, [Q^`HO JQ P`~_<!
U P` ~= <^ L#^, Jk <# ~Ô^ ~^ Hey L<#.
WH = ZO^? H`Q O^=#k Uq LO@Ok?
< H J*#HO _ <# JYO_O, Ô, xÒ, x~O, ~O J~#
P`< J~ L<#. 'P` J#|_#k < HO> "~Q <^. <# ^xH "~Q #.
H~H~= -
#="H$`<~ <H$`<H# I
H-H" Ò`^#" II ( 25, ~ 10)
P H~ K @ K` Qx, H K O_@ K` Qx <HH Z\ [#=
<^. HHK Oz#Ô` 'q^ ~= J~ L<~. ''<# Jk
O^H<? Z Oê?...J< L^QO Qx, KOKO Qx < <O^, Z=i
x~O H~O Oê? =K K|_#q, HHOQ x~~OK |_K#q
J<H H~H== < =Y=# =KK<~. =Oz^. ""xH "\ #O_
<# H~Q O^=#k Qx, O^^y#q Qx =. J~#\H H=#~O
O K P H < D K` , HK x~iOK|_ QH! ZO^HO> K~ `_<`
D s~O +Ok H^! nxx <#Q ZO^ +O*e?
PH~Ò - PH ~`_< =~=# <Hx LO\#. WHC_ J\
=~=## qOK =<~}_QKO_Q... D ^= H L`#=#
H~}=QK# H, JH, P HH e`=Q } =, }
= #`"# ~|=... W=h 'x" J=`~. ~[#=
344
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
## `HO_ < "~ LO\~. <# P Ò^ *# ==K xi_<
LO\#. Jk < xiH=k!
K` # " J~#\ < 's ~=, Js~= J#|_ =H=H= K [#=
Qx, x Qx U=O@Ok? <# PH~`_#=@" < ~ `= [#O.
P Uk Z\ LO> UO? Uk Z\ LO_H` UO?
''H~ J#^x O^ ~O_ `` Wq_ L<~-
1. H~ $`= (I am the doer) 2. H $`= (I am the enjoyer of fruits of action).
D ~ O__ =#K HeOK|_#q =`" . D ~ O_ Lq OK@O [iyO^,
WH ~H~= _ ''<K K|_x" J=`~. D H~ $`=, H $`=
q+= =#A_ `# JO`H~}O Z@=O\ xO ~_Q Hey LO\_
P`_ D ^=, == "^#=h P f~Q< O^` LO\_.
P` x= - <# D s~=` @^. nx` #tOK"_# H#. <# ^xH
H~# H#. H# H#. ZO^HO> W=h `^=Q x~= Hey=. H#H
[_" L<~.
<# '*#= H =O^, "#H _ L#\ *" ~=Q H"_#.
^ K`#" J~ L# < H~ $`= ^. H $`= _ ^. D H~ $`,
H $`= ^$=# O|OkOz#q =`". WH <<... J#=" ~=Q
Q *# (knower) `` =#.

J=! WC_ < |k ''H~ $`=, H $`= J< *_=# ^sHiOz#^
= K|_# ^~}= = HtOk. XH Q "k #O_ x"~} Ok#^
'P` ^= J#|_ ^xO^ ^$_x= OìOKO\Ok.
W\=~ < U~_ LO_# W+ Jx+= H H~}O Z=~? =~=~
H^... < JqK~}! < Jn~`"! < J"# Z~H! J\ Jn~`=# <#
D H}" `lOz"<#.

4. z`=# OK@O
P [#H=~A `# JO`~OQO D q^"# zO`# K =#O =Oz
L<_. ''P ~ Q"#_ HOux kOK@, (H~}[# OQ=K) =$H=,
=, =#+ "^# "\x rqO*@, `\H [=# ZO_O *@
F L=# H~}O G 345
"^# H# =#=Q xi=Q, JOQ=Q x~i<_ H^! <#

_ P Oz# H# x~iOK^# QH J# H"# x=#
O^_. QOc~=, O``, P#O^= P# =Y= #O^ `xH_~.
JC_ H< xz# ^~x " ^$+ iOK~.
[#_ : F~! ^~H! h ''q^H ^~ x~} < O`+O HQ*Ok.
<_ xs`"# ~[H~= JO` Ô K~OKO_. ^=, } ^suQ
lOK^= QH!
P ~A Q O` H~H==, <x~
H~H==, q^q<^=
^suQ [iQ~. P ~u K ~A UHOÒ ^#=Q_ Q__. Hx,
z`= iiq^Q `< LO_@O Q=xOK_. ''J~! D =# D q^=Q
J<H`=#, ^+`=#, q^`=#, |#`=# =`" P~O^q\?
WO` q<#... WO` qK~} K#... Hx UO O? Jx P~_.

[#H =~A : F 'z`= J# ~Q q`=! h` D =O Hx q+
=K\OKx L#k. W@ =z < Z^~Q ~...!
F z`= ! D K O~= P` x["# Y= kOKQ QK#^
KC? H#H h= O`=# O^=. O`=K =`" L`= P`Y=
aOKQ^.
z`= : B#... D O~= J#|_k ZH_ #O_ =z_Ok?
[#_ : K`#, q#! h= U qÔQ OH= K<", P qÔQ<...
P ~=#< D O~= q`= KO^Òk. XH_ XH q`# `z, ^xx
==$H=Q Oz +Oz# `~"` ''J! D q YQ ==$H=
ZH_ #O_ îOzOk? nx =# WO\Q_ QK<~ ~Q, =,
K`K^# P=i<~ Jx =QK#@ h= _ D O~= QiOz =QKK<=.
z`= : <# O^K# D =^ H~}"q\?
[#_ : F ^+z`=! hO^ Q= @ WK L#k. Jk H ^`
H~}=QK#k. eÒQ s~H =#H "^ x# =ê @<~.
q+ zO`#, q+= - D WOk= O|OkOz# |-~-~-
~-QO^#== K`< [## =~} ~=Q D O~=O` Pq~qOk.
H#H D WOk q+= @, ^$== `\ O|O^ O^== @
U~_ 'zO`# H '=##=# `lOK. JC_ Ou aOKH` ##_Q.
346
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
WH_ HOKO ij#Q K_@O [iy`, ~=O`"#k, n~ Y=#, ^,
^Y qoÒ Hx Y=# W=QeQk U=#k? =# =^ '|k J# ~` K|_
q+} H L#k. J\ |k` ijeOz Uk +" ^x< HiOKe Qx, Uk
J"\ ^xx =`" QOK@O LzÒ H^ H^! H#H h= 'Q_Q =O^
J_Q "=^x < =#q.
F ^! z`=! D O~= J~"#k. XH^xH [#OQ =~H\
< LO@Ok. ''Wk Ok# `~"` <HOH PtOK=#k Un LO_^ Jx
r=_ J#O@<, U"" Pt LO\_. ~... O^`_, H, O^_... Uk
U"< PtOK@O =Ò PQ^. Jk P`_ Q=xOK@ ^. PtOz#O`HO ^YO,
=, L^QO `=.
H|\ L"q\? 'P J#^xx H, 'PtOK@ J# ==#
`lOK@ LO. D ^$=# PHK QOK# =^... ^+=K `lOK#
=^... 'PtOKH=@O J#^xx J< P`H=_=Q=. H ~=# u
HeyO_=. J@ `~"` Uk Z@ Lz`" J> PKiOK=.
Ug _ x# =Q $tOK@^. h= PH` PtOz#C_, P~Oz
#C_ =`" Jq x# |~KO@<~. `èÒQ Y^Y= x#
qÒ K<~. H#H F z`=! h ^+=h hH OH$`=!

J~<, D ^$= `"` =#HO^? H 'q^ J~` U=#k? nx
H Q} JQ}=K =#O ZO^ ~ q^= Oê?
"# =# Q~! D ^$=` =#Hq O|OÔ ^. Jk h H
=## J#iOz =`" LO\Ok. ''U^` =Q ^... J\ ==` h
O|OÔ Z\ QÒk? Jx t <HH =^#O aOk. D =#
_ x =" H^! J h" =. =~H x ==Q ^$=` h O|OÔ...
P O|O^= H =OK <# Y^Y=, =<==#=, =
O^@=? WÔ` ZO`\ K=`~"# q+O!
''XH Q_ L#k. P" H ~O_= =~_ PHOx XH K^<#
OÒ Hx q` <\_. J^H ^ ^@Q i}qOzOk. P ^@
J<H ~H fQ, "H "~"~ =~ H#|_K<~. JO^x ~O_=
=~x =_= "H K P ^ = KK~! Jk ZO` JOÔQ L#k?
D ^$ ^~=` U~_ O|O^= P =@ U~_ `= =O\k.
D ^~= J^= (J^= XH == Hk H}= HÒ XH
F L=# H~}O G 347
~OQ# =iHx H}= `~"` =~H ~OQ# LO\O^#HO_... JC_

Jk =~=#O 'JÔ Jx K|_Òk.) J~ L<~.
h F =#! ''<-#` HOz^ (P``` =iOHn ^) J# Ô`=
H~O h= `Q P`" H^! '[Q` J#|_#k J` J~ L#k H^! P` H
=##" =#. H#H `Q K` # " J~ L# =# H} HeH=, =<=`=,
J` JQ D [Q` ` O|OÔ LO_@"q\? ZH_< Kz# "xH |uH #"xH
'~ "^# O|O^ Q`?
^, ''=##= J# < == (=#), =##= K|_@K U~_#
^$= D ~O_ ` Jx J#OÔ. ~O_ uHey L#_ '` ^$
~O_\ # ` J#|_ UH`= L#> H^! ^+ L# K> ^$=O@Ok.
=_ L# K> =# LO@Ok. H#H L= XH `` O H ~O_ ".
D JaO =#O XO> '=# ^$= ~^ He LO@<~
H^! WH OQ qQ ==K ~ q^= ZH_ #O_ =z _ K<~?...
H~}O, h ^Q~ P` q+" `y#O` =K~O H=@" =! =i =K~O
H~ uOKe H^! JO^H O K e? = #, Q~=# qOz =K~O
HiOKe. =Q qK~} Ke. JO`Qx ''<# ^d`_#.... J_# Jx
J#O@ ~O> Uq\O?
H#H F =#! D 'O~= J<k =#H "k H ~". Wk
H+`"#k. H}H}O qH=` _#\k.
J\ D O~=# ^K `lOK. =kx JOK. O`~=Q P`
O^ xH_ O^\xH LÒ HeyO_. JO`Qx OQ = # HiOK@O,
"= =O^`= HeyO_@O h Lz`=? ZO^? ZO`HOQ D
^~=# P~OK@K Uq [#O KC?
#`k =#`=`=O =[#~O i~`"
`^=O| |ûn~Ò [KOKÒ ~~=#. ( 18, ~ 12)
D ^$O ~`= ^. WO^ U"< J#=#=#^? JO^K` J,
"~ Q=K n~` = #=OaOz KOK`=# q_z" =#kQ x# < #!

348
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
5. ` q+`# [~OK_O - =~=#O U~_ LO__O
N =+ =i : N~=KO^ ! P [#_ P q^=Q qK~} K< ÔQ
~KH~= <~"~ LO_"_. n~`=` _# `# xt` |kx Ly
''<# ''<k J#|_ JOH~ ==H~=# JkQqOK_. P# q+=
@ U=Ò L`H`, L^Q= U~_@ ^. D Z^~Q L# ^$= J`_
`lOK@ ^. QOK@ _ ^. ^x \ `= Qx, ^+ |kQx U~_
O_< =~=# H= OKK#^xx H~`_ x~i LO@<_.
Jx == O^ q"H=# q_K@ ^. JO^K` '=H *#O U =Ò
HOHÒ JQ@^. " #\ x~"# PH= ~_ xi~=OQ Ht
#@ J`x $^= x+OH=Q z^``= ~^ HtOKyOk. ''B#!
<# |=_#. ~`*=O^ ^$"# P` Q"#_#. JO^K`
<# ~`` Hq^_# JQK<#. ~, ~= <O^, < ~ ~O
Q< x`= LO_ LO_@O [~QÒk, J# ZH, =#, J#=O J`x O^
^$_Ò O^~.
N~=_ : =s ! J\ P`#=O Ok O_ _ H+`, ~` _#
HH=Q ~[# x~iOKQeQ~?
N =+ =i : D H ==~=h = K`< Oq<~. J~` JOQ=
J~#\ P` U XH ==~=K`# U XH H}= _ $tOK|_@^. D
q+= [#_ +OQ QOK_. =z`_Q J`_ D ~*^ q+=
#`= O^@^. ^Y= O^@ ^. ~^ 'q=_ JQ@K P`_
A_, V#=$^_, W~= @ x#=_Q =#u O^_. JO^K`
'~*x eOK@ J# "u``=Q ^~=# O` z`=` x~iOK
K<_. ^qkQ ~[O UK_ H=, i`=, q=`= "^#q
P`_ O^@^.
''=#H ^+=K ~= #O_ u~=O O^@O .... =~ Pq~=O
O^@O D ~O_ P`x @ U~_@ ^. ^#OkHOQ =z ~q^=,
J~ J#~= W=h JH~ $à=#O H =O K`, P` K`#=#O^,
`~OQ= =^=Q, ~Oz LO@<~.
+
O^ L#"x= P`_ "QK L<_. ~Q^ +=, `q +`
QiOz# zO` P` q`K `_"|_~. "<=O|# =# `
F L=# H~}O G 349
q+`# [~Oz, =~=#O U~_ =`" LO\Ok. J#Q ^x `

q+` zO` `y~. H=O =~=#O qHe 'O`+` J#=iOk.
KK" ~=! XH_ `# "_ îOz# Q HxOKH, WO` "`H
zO^ " z=iH "_< L#@ Q=xOz O`_#@, D r=_ ~^
O z L#\ P` H =K~=, H, V#=K =`" O`` O^Q _.
J\ P`*#O aOKO`=~ D z`=K `` qK~} K~< LO_e. 'P```
qK~} J<k [# OQ`=K JÔ O^` LO@Ok. ''~ =` ^$+
J=_` LO> D =# qÒ O^Òk.
1 qK~}, 2 [# OQ` = ...D ~ O_O\` =#"# q WOHH_O\~?
JO^K` ~=! h H ''T, J# K=, q"H=K ^# K~.
H k` #~O u=O_Q, H==Q h |k x~==Òk. JC_
JYO_=Q P`#, H P``` =# h =iOH=~ Q~ K#H~^. JC_ h=
J*<O^H~=K kOK|_= =!
[ - F ==f! ~=KO^! D O~= J<H ^Y H=` J<H
q`` xO_=O\Ok. ''JkQqOK_xHH ^=? J# su J<H q+
~O~ <~. J~`, D O~ #n [=# ''[ J< <= =`
^\"=K. H="# fQ# J"# Qe _ J@ W@ Hke kOk.
* q#_# XH =_x Ju "# q+= _ kOKQQ`~.
XH<H_ x_H=K. =x P q=~}^ J`xH
èH=K. Hx J`_ H#H ^, [` _# ij_, H=OQ q*#j_
J~<_.... WH P`_ D O~ =^=# J=bQ ^\"<_, H~kx
O^K<_. JA_.... J`_ ZO` |=O`_` =Ò Uq O? z=~ J^
Q` ~}=QK#k. JO^H =#=_#"_ `# [# '= 'ÒQ`= J#
~O_O\ =` H_H"e. `@=e JO^"# "H# Ju *Q`Q
~HO KH#K#@, D r=_ _ [# , J=Q## ^$_ ~ K Q P H~H=#
H_H"e. J<H `~ ~=# [ (Wisdom) Ò_, L`="#, J=$`
`"# =# kOKQ^.
D [#O^~ ^# - = - JkH~# OkOK_xH J<H `=#
K<~ H^! J^ q^=Q D [# =$k KH=_xH _ ~ `=
Ke H^!
''J D O~= J#|_k ZH_#O_, Z\ q[$OaOk?
350
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
=#O~^M< =ÔH=`=" I
c[OO~=$H}O *=#Oq<` II ( 27, ~ 12)
*=O^=K`< ~ ^Y=, P^ J""# D O~=
$^= #O_ L^qOk =! JO^K` q~O` U=Ò |^HOKHO_. `
j~ *=O^=# `yOKHO_? ~, `, | H= U Y=
OKQ=x [# J#O@ LO\~, J=h _ WC_, WH_ L`= [K,
WÔ` J~O K #"_ O^K<_. <#~! =#=O` L`" `= "#
`= H '[ K`< D Z^~Q `~_K# OH~ O~x ^\ "<~.
JO`Qx "~ ZK\H "@ K`<, U^ KK@ K`< H^ =! ^#=,
f~=, ` - g@Ox\ H JOu= H = L`= [ =iOK@!
~=iH rqÒ q+O J@Oz D HH rqÒ q+O _ JO`H^! D
q KiOKK# D r= U""` O` O^K<~.... J=h '[ J<
O_ K@ #O_ ~i`" _~e# = H^! JO` H^. OH~"# O*
Q XH O=# ~O_ =_ #H `= èq`@`, '[` [~Oz "<~.
[ H~}OQ< =#_ \# XH<H_ =<_ H=_O, ~A H=_O
K<O. J\Q ~ "H= "^#q _ *=O`H a<~.
[ èq { `= { =.
Q q+ _ *#=O`_ HO Q Oz J<H =Okx JkQq Oz
"@O OKO =#O K# q+".

q" $Ô LO_k D '[ J< =}. Jk "iH H =$H=Q
H~H# = kO* LO@Ok. <=# #_@O K`<#"_ `##
Z^~QQ`_. D` <i#"_ =xyO_ Q@*~ `_. JtH` _, J*=O`_
O~ Q~x ^@Q_? ^. [# xtÒ Kx "x |k q+=K
PH~} qH~} # J=Òk. q"H "~Q=` _# |k <~=
xqOK |_#C_ P |^ <=Q O~=# ^\O*Ok. J<~=#
Z#H#O^ ~"#O P^, ^M =z_@O P~O U=#k? H=KO
îOz# "xx } `H< Ug K= H^! [ H èq =~Q# _#
H} '`$+ =z K~Òk. H=, H^, , "^ P `$+ H x
"\ #O_ ~Q=, ^+=, zO` "^#=h =z _K<~. *=O`x J=h
U=Ò qOK=x QOK.
F L=# H~}O G 351
F ~=KO^! h= =H ^$+x OkOz, J\ ^$+K D O K=# QOKK

"H ~_= H"x J#O@<"! J~` "O@< [# P~OK. Q}^+``
q"H= ^~ '=îq JQ=. WH O^ Qx, P^ Qx x<g K=.
^#O~=~ [_`q``` I
JOH~O|^=` *"`#^` II ( 39, ~ 13)
[ H~=_# `~}O U~_# 'JOH~= J#|_ ^@"# "= '~=`
J< ~ Q"#x H#|_O_ H"Ok. P "= ''[ J#|_ "gzHK
`"|_Òk!
"H <> =O^ ~` qx ^x ^= K#@ h= $^=#
''qK~}, Q~"H q+}, L`= H~H== J# Q Q <Qe` $^
H`=# ^= K 'q"H= [ J# O@# OkOK. JC_ D qKiOK
|_K#Ô` h =Q +O HQ^.

6. =<qK~}
F ~=KO^ ! ''P`#= J< =~= =Y=Q =_ u|O^H
`~_K<~-
1. J`=# ''J` H ''J`= J~# q+=# ^ ^ `"#@
=# K@.
2. JOH~ ==H~= ''<# =i <k J# =## P~OK_O.
`## `# `k`~ "~#@Q îOK@O.
3. ^`=# ''D ^" <#. ^ iq`_<# <# nx` =$k H=
O^"_< LO@<# J# ~=Q Oz``=# =# K_O.
P [#H=~AQ h= _ i^ z`=K P` qK~} K~.
q=# `~H=Q `yOKH. JC_ *# Ok#\ |^=#
h= _ O^Q=. A#\ HO^~ u, =i ~[ uH*f
=xO\H JÒ` B#`= J~#\ P``` =# =Q `=H
q"H |=K` Q<~.

PÒu O^#O`=~ D 'WOk= J< `=# i# su
xqOz, P`#O^#O K< LO_e.
352
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
N~=_ : =`! D WOk=# J<H ^Y=` _# O @# P~Oz
LO@<~. WH "= D ^Y=# Z\ [~OK_O?
<~Q^" ^"~=`x I
=H`~ H<^Y^$+ II ( 4, ~ 13)
N =+ =i : ~=#O^ "Oz#"_, ~ WOk x=_ ^+
H "= ~" `<#, P ~=` #_ HìOKQ< =
^M "@O`@ J" H~~. D =##OÔ "^Hx |#OÔ ($+H~
aOK P#OÔ) =~ ''P ~=` H J#== J< P#O^= =O^ '~x
=O^ kq\ Q JÒ` "# ". '~ J~ ~_# P ~= ` HìOz#
`~"` WH "=, "\H c[= =O\"# ^~#, JOH~=, ~ q^"#
P^ O|OkOz# ^Q= =Q qOz`~.
F ~=! q"H=` _# |k` ''D == |" H^....! J# ^$+x
HeyO_> ~= ~~= Q S~=x = JaO. Z=_` x~O`~ P`qK~}
QqOKK, ''D [Q` Jx`" H^! J# x~=K ~f``= J=~KO\_
J\"_ HH"} [#H=~AQ L`= Oux `H O^`_.
N~=_ : ~|= K`< q"H= O^? H Jk =Q `#O`@ `<
U^ XH PHH"# == L^~O^?
N =+ =i : U r=_` D O~O @ c`_ ''L`="# J=Q#
WO^ =~= Jx Q Oz P` *#= H~ `=# P~_, J\" xH
=`" q"HO` _# ^$+ ~kÔ@Ok. 'P`*#= J#|_k ^#= =#
Qx, |O^= =# Qx, '^=O J#^x K`Qx J<H H~ K` Qx OKk
H^. JO^H~H K ~+ `= K`< Jk kOK|_Òk. q"H=, "~Q=
D ~ O_O\ q+ O ''~|O LO>< Jq a~... ^ ''OQ, HH`mOQ
a~ Jx `z, èx U^ H P^~_"~, = ^$+, =~ =`".
''P! ~|O uOQ LO> ""q KO? JO^H q"HO = aOK_O
^ Jx `K "~ *# ^$+ , P qH ^-" JO@# =O^ Q
=`"! H#H, F a~! q JOîH <# q#O K<#. q~O` J\
=@ H\ @O_. KHQ q"H=` _# ^$+x J=~HO_. P` K`< P`#
îOKO_. L`= |k ^~ O~Q~=# ^\"O_. =#qC_ KC#
D [#x =$Ò`= J*# =$H=# KkOKQ^x, *# Y=# HeyOKQ^x
^ JO@ LO\~. |k XH_ `# O^ ~=` H`~=# QOKQ_x
KC> nx L^=.
F L=# H~}O G 353
ZO_ "_q K` =OK HiyÒk. J\Q P``` qK~}K D O~

\\=, H, qH= H} #tOzÒk. ''D ^" <# J##^ J*#=
H ~H+. J\ Oz` =O #tOzO^, WHC_ =`~"#, ~ ""#
x*`H= =Q< Pq~q Ok. J#Q, P` H q~= L^~OKQ ^.

7. O qK~}
N~=_ : =s! [#H KH=i =~AQ LO@< = |=# q_K#@...
JOH~x `lOz"~ H^! Jk J@ Z ^_Ok? U iH~, H~H=
P# LyOK~? H, ^ K# Ja= q#O`=Ò K`< P#
O~=# [~Oz "~? H, JO^ =~"< H~} L<?
N =+ =i : ^ "H=# =##O K OQ qK~} K@ K`
'JOH~= J#|_ ="## P# [~OK~ (H) `lOK~ (H) Jf`` =
=OK~. J~`, U^< Z=iH< aOKO> n~"# JO, qK~} J=~O
H^! J\Q, z~Hq`_# 'qK~} P`xH JO^ `_#k. JOH~=
H~OKQ qz^H= x~O J=Òk. 'J*<O^H~= J#Q, ''D ^=
"^#" <# Jx `K@ H^! J\ J*#O #t WH Z\ "# iH~=
J=~O O_< P` H= OQ Pq~qOk. JO^K`<, L`= ^$+:
1. D [Q` OQ ^ ... =##, J#iOz U~_ LO\Ok.
2. 'JO J# ^" K= _ ^ . 3. <# ~ ~_<Q x #=H#.
- J# =_ J=Q# UH=O U~_ LO@<~. J\Q h =# _
~ ^ = #O OkLO_QH! Z^~Q LO_ == O^ x=Q= HH LO_QH!
J '|O^= JO> Uq\? -
L^#`#O H#q=~#" I
^`##~= `^#Oqk<`~` II ( 20, ~ 13)
POz# ==O^, u QÒ^ Hx\@ ''g\x ZC_ <#
Hey O_e Jx, =iHx\@ ''Wq `Qe Jx |kx HeyO_> ~Q
^+= H ~=. ~Q^+= HeyO_> |O^=. Jq O_>
|O^~`= H '=H H '"H=.
`Qe ^$+ H `[ |k
Oê L^ ^$+ H Q |k.
354
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
D ~O_ ^$+# `lOz WH WC_ +OK 'H ~O #O^ 'xH_ H"_"
K`# Ok LO_. Q `[ |kx #tO*H#"~ WH ^xh WKyOK~.
^xh ^+OK~ . "i $^ =#O^ ''|``= J#|_ =~ =# JH$u=OQ
"eqi LO@Ok. PHO "=K P=iOK|_ L#C_ KO^_ H#|_`_?
''U^ Oê... U^ `Qe J# ~=Q `$+ $^= U~_ L#O`
=~ J\ qH= H =O K` D r=x @ O~= LO_ f~Òk.
O~O L#O`=~ ^ =O, r= =O J< *_O =^^.
J#"# ^~=O^ ''WK u"# ^~= @ ''J~+`,
= @ ~Q^+= Wq U~_K#K@ |k =O^y< LO@Ok.
P`x "~QO nO H^. J\ `~}O |` ~"# =`=, x~`=
Z@ LO_QQ`~?

""xH x~==, UH= JQ ~|" ^ "QKO_Q WH D ^

H#h = HH Uq\ KC? W+=-J~+=, O^|_#q-O^=#q
"^#=h K "#~O =O\ D z`= H #$` Oy=. z`= QO`
"O> '=`=, x=`= K@O_ Òk. HO^~ =h
`= H L`= `=K `[Q ^$+x [~Oz "<~` LO@<~.
J\ *#O^ P ~Ò, x~O, x`Ò, =Ò, *#O, x~H, x+Ò
(<# JH~# J# ZH) xiHÒ, ^~O, "u, =|k, `+, Ou, =$^+}
"^#q OQ ~= O^K<~.
N~=_ : Ò_! D z`= J`=# P~ P``=# ^~=QK#k
H^! Uq\ LO? ""O Ke?
N =+ =i : h~ O` Ò> UO K<O? =O`#H\ P "x
x~kOz Z` O` `~e<= H^! J\Q, D z`= J^QuH "K#C_
K T~O\=? ^. '^#= 'Q=<= ~} "^# `~= K`
z`=# P q+= #O_ "#H =~e
J#~< W=O `H u+<, QK<, <, < I
~^ ~^ ~< J#~O qK~ II
XH K@~x L#C_ H #_KK#C_, xî# C_, "x L#C_
- ~=#, ~ q^=, ~ ==O^... JO`~OQO P` q+"
qK~} K LO_e.
F L=# H~}O G 355
D =# |k, P` U" L<~? <# Z=_#? ZO`\ "_#? <# "\ H

'O|OkOKx"_#? ^xH 'O|OkOz# "_#? ^x H~ U ~OQ uOKe?
"\ @ L^#OQ LO_e?
...D q+ q+}~HOQ QOz LO_. JO^ =, *#
=K#= h HiOK Q=. J\ ''qK~}, J=Q# P~OK|_x =O
'"O J< ^~Q` 'zO` = J< =` _# ("#) J<
= <|_Òk. ''`$+, HiH f~H#@ J# [#" ~OQ Q K
@\xH 'O~O J< `\HOH P = ^ ^ q~|_Òk...eÒ? J<H [#
~O~! D "# J< =# '|k J< ^<# Hu` ÒKO@"e. =
"= "# YO_YO_O K#@ |kK "## "Ô@ iH"e.

F ~=KO^! JO^K` z~HO P~OK@ ^~ h |kx ^$_`~O
K~. 'P`# qOK@ J# `=K Jk ~= O^@@ K~. z`=
n~`=` _Hx LO_e =! =# D O~=, H, Jq^ O^ J<kQ
`Qx #k. J\ =## =îOK\xH JÒ` x~"#, xt`"#
|kx =iOKe.
h =# JYO_=Q |H~ =$uK HtOK QH! D O~ =$H=# J\
|H~ =$u J< Q_eK #~H@O JÒ` O. =# =$` H =^"
H^! |H~ =$uK `k`~ =$`h qOy"|_ QH! JC_ WH_, WC_
|^ O^@K ~_=, =~_=, J#O`, JYO_#O^ ~_=
~"~_= J=`=. P`^$+x ~O KH<", h= ~"~_" = JOîK
#=iOK`y#"_" J=`=.
Z=_` JO`\ P`~=< K, D ^$= @ ''<` =# K
J# ^~ =## `lOz " LO\_, J\ "xx D'~Hq^= J<
^ JO@*=. `H *=.
~Q^+qx~H =HOK# I
HW`K`w `HO~"# II ( 43, ~ 13)
Z=_` ~Q ^+= ik #O_ `## `# `yOz"Hx =\x, ~~x,
|OQ~x =|k` K_, J\"_ =_.
J\"_ Uk K<, Uk l<, Uk ^#O K<, Uk =k< - ^x
\ _ U=Ò ''PH J<k Hey LO__. PH ^ H|\ "\K HQKO_
356
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
Y^Y= O^ === HeyO_QQ`_. ''Wk WC_ W@ K@
=`" < =O` Jx qOKK, W+ J~+=# i`lOK"xx |OkOKQeQ
H~ ZH_ Uq LO_=.

8. =# O``
N =+ =i : F ==f! ~=! D [Q` JO` K`#=" H^! WH, Q
Hey LO_e# <= Ok? Q# g_#\ =# JH$u="# O``# O^Òk.
N~=_ : =s! D =# [_"#^? K`#"#^?
N =+ =i : ""xH D =# [_"#^. JO^K`, Jk OQ ^xx
kOK^. `## `# LîOKH^.
XH =#O XH OO L#k. Jk [O`=# "\_\xH |^~Òk.
P H < L# XH e =OO q^ Q JH = P O=# J#iOz " K#k.
J\Q, D =# J< e OQ ^xh kOK^ Qx, `# HQ `##
HtO*K# P` #O_ K`#= Ok#^ P`H WK^# P~Oz
=iOKK#k. z` H H =O K` OKK#k. ^$= #O^ "tOz
P J#= = 'H JQK#k. ''J^= J~#\ D =# Jkf"# \
P`# U=~z, H=O [Q^H~=# qOK@O [~QÒk. Hx, K`#= H
=O K`< Jk rqOK@O [~QÒk. J^ =# =~H =O P`#
OiOK@K `# =<~=# - [_` =# =ê#^ =~ K` # =Q JQK#k.
=Q [_=, K`#=K HtO|_#k JQ D =# =$`" J=Òk
Qx, H~ =~= HQ^? ^.
'z`= JO> Uq\? - ''z`=O #O_ OQ Ja=H"# H# J`
="# q+ =# P~OzO_@O. H, x` Jx`=# q+ O KH =@O.
H# (illution)- z`= 'z` #O_ |_K#k. D z`= ''^+, ^~#=,
^$= J# ~=# H~OQ Pq+iOK |_K#C_, J\ 'z` H
u\ K=`~" ''H#, ''H# J# |=K K|_Òk.
P H# =~HC _ ''<# z^< Qx D ^+, ^$O "^# Oz`_#,
H, iq`_# H^ Jx ZQK#k. =Ô #O_ |î# LC = U
H~}OQ< =~ =Ô _` U=Òk? <=~ Q@HO@Ok. J>
D z`= ~=# Zy#C_ uiy z^" JQK#k.
F L=# H~}O G 357
q+~`"# K`#" ''<`# |= Jx JO@<O. P K`#O q+

`"#C_ 'r=_ H# H# "^# |=Q KCHO@<O. J#Q
|" HOz` 'q+H Ok#C_ H<~" $Ô ^=# e
LO\Ok. P 'PH OH qH ~=`_ '=# JQK#k.
D =# x`#= ~"#\ `# P`# qiOz ' $u ~=#
KO^K#C_, [_~=# e, ''z`= Jx JxOKO\Ok.
z`= H ^~= -
1.[iy~# q+= QiOz '=##O K@O H 'q+H~ H#
Hey LO_@O.
2.q+` q+= QiOz OH= P~OK@O.
3.''Wk Oê Wk `Qe J# ~=#Q L ^=`Q_#
iz#`=.
D z`" |O_H~=# (macrocosm) ==OK` O^K#k.
=~HC_ `## `# =~z ''<# XH r=_# (microcosm)... <# D s~=#...
Wq <q..... Wq H=....Wq <H LO_e...... "^Q Q J<H r= O`
# JQK#k. =~ J~` Ok, Q~= K`, =K` kO|_O`=~
`#H Jkf ~#O^ ~=# Q~~Q@ ^.

9. =`` i=}O
N =+ =i : F ~"! L`="# |k O^@=<k J<H [#x i=
[#OQ kO KK#k. D =#= [# |kx xt` ~ KH#@ XH =`~ " #
J=H=. =# qK~} K@K`, L`="# "~Q=# P~OK@K`,
WOk xQ=# J=OaOK@ K` `## `# LîOKH"e. *Q`
+ #O_ J`_ `# z^=# "~~KH"e.
K`#" ~=Q Q D r=_ ''O~ "= J< H `y =``
=O@<_. ''q+= J< =$Q= OKiOK J~}O K~ K J<H
X_^_ J#q < _. ''J*#= J< =`` J ^$+ K "@ O^K<_.
nxH H~}"q\?
N~=_ : ''V#= H J=#. J*#=H P" H^!
358
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
N =+ =i : ''O =}O Ô J#"\ O` | ~Ò
O^|_e. H` D ^$[Q` #O^ JqO`"# i=}O ÒKHxk.
zÒ |Ô H#O` =~ P` J#`= H^.
Z^~Q Hx#\H, D [Q` H u ''Tx ~= Q
q^`" J~ =#k. z`= H =$u ~" D ''[Q` J#|_ H#.
N~=_ : 'He`=Ò JQ D [Q`# He#k Z=~?
N =+ =i : JO`H~}= #O^# ''~H ~=Q ~= K`#" D 'H#
H 'H# H 'z`=# HtOKOk. ZO`\ K=`~" KK"!
K`#= ""xH *#" ^~=Q Hey#k. 'x`^ ~"#k.
'~H J~ =#k. Hx, zÒQ JO`H~} =$uK J`= KO^Òk. J~`,
P JO`H~} =$u 'H K`#= H 'x~O`~ ^ K`< =iOKQQÒk.
XHK@ tK =K|_# XH #~H t=#^#H.... P tH# =Q
#$`= KQ^? ^ H^! J>, H K`#= H` D =# Qx, 'H#Qx
ZH_ ^xx Z~Q*=. zÒx ~A OYO iOK |O qxOK# @, =$Q`$
^$"# D =# _ K`#= H H~O H` H=OÒ H^.
P` H H K`< =# LO\Ok. ""xH P` "~Q '=# J<^ ^x
=#O W`~" Hx~ K<O.
~=x HO> "~Q ~=x Q}= =O\? [=# "~Q `~OQ
=O\? ...=# Qx, OH= Qx P` "~Q =. Jq ^ K`#=
HO> "~ H^.
J~` JV# ~}H H ~}K '=# J< ~` J^`
^ H~ K O@<O. OH= Qx, q+ =$` Qx U~_#\ 'r=Oq`
~=` JQK#k.
r=_ - D 'r=_ J#|_"_... O^`H=Q }O =i z^`H=Q
P``Ò - D ~O_O\ H JV#i`"# ''J^ K`< L`#=QK<_.
z^= K=`~=# 'H# KK#q.
''D ^" <#, Wk < ==... ''D `_ ~ ^#= W=h
<q... ''Wq YH~= Wq ^YH~=... ''Wq = Q=
Wq `[=... ''Wq =*u Jk H^... W`k [_==# P~Ok.
J@ P~# O^~= =#O P z^=# ''r=_ Jx JO@<O.
F L=# H~}O G 359
N~=_ : J\ r=xH |k z`= "^#=h ZH_#O_ =z K~`<~? D

[Q` ZH_#O_ U~_K#k?
N =+ =i : OHO #Oz U~_Òk. OH" *Q`. ...Hx OH=#
H"# LxH ZH_? J\ ''J` J~#\ OH=#H ''|k z`= r=_.
"^# ~# "` HeOK_O [iyOk. Hx, ~=~xH J"g =.
H=O P` UH~" ~^ Jx", Jx " "QO^K#k.
JO^K`, D [Q` JO` P`. D H= H H== _ P`. P`
PH= HO> _ JÒ` H;", K" "QK =#k. Jk JÒ` x~"# k.
Jk J |kH ''^"! Jx JxOk. Hx ~^ ~= #O^ ^ z^"
"K< LOk. D H, K= "^# WOk aOK^ H|\ ''Jk
J`Q HO^~ J=Q# KO@<~. WOk= Jq+"#k, H==
J#==# =Ò OKk J~#\ P` ~^ ^"#!
N~=_ : J\ P` H`~O ^~=Q@ H~}O D =# H^?
N =+ =i : B#. q+= J< "## Hey#O` =~ D =#
u|O^H" J~ LO\Ok. J~`, ZH_` z`~ H`~O Hey LO@O^
JH_ J*# H~}"# D =# `#O`@ `< qOk. "`~ =O_ K@ pH\
Z\ =O@Ok?
1. ''P` ^$+ L# K@ D ^$= J^$" =O\Ok.
2. ''^$ ^$+ J=eOaOK K@ 'P` J#==# aOK_O ^. J#Q,
z`=K HeOK|_# q^==, q^ O|O^= =##= K =O>, P`
qiOK|_Òk.
^$+ $+. ^$+ [Q`. Uk U ^$+` K Wk P q^=Q< Ok.
=~H~H=Q KO> Ju K"# ''P` Oq` H OH ~O~ K`<
D ^$=h Pq~`=QK<~. JO^K` ~=! h= D '^$^$+x `lOK.
'P`^$+< P~OK. ''< W+"# "~, < W+= x "~ _ P`~
Hx, =iOHq H~ J< J=Q# Hey LO_, WH P qkq^#= H~O h
H~H==# x~iOK.
N~=_ : P` H ^~#O J=_O Z\?
N =+ =i : OH" z`=. ~=`x OH" '[Q` J#|_ ^$=.
OH= H J=".... z`= H <#= _. z`= JqOK|_`....
WH P "H= `Q< Z^~ =z x|_Q^.
360
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
OH= LO> =# LO@Ok. =# J_Q L#O`=~ P` ^~#=
H^. ~ OH= `lOK|_#H... WH_ +OKk ` =#".
PÒ^~#O - H|\ h= D ''<# <k J# ==$`` ~
OH= P= K~H. J_H qye LO_ 'ù O^ _" LO_.
N~=_ : D '<# <k J#|_ ==$` ZO^ xqÒ, ZO^ #Oz,
Z_, Z\ |_K<~?
N =+ =i : Jq |_K#k z`= #O_. z`".... P` ` #O_.
P` XH<H_ Jx~Kh=Q 'OH= J#|_ H q+= "Q
L#Y=QK#k. J_k `# H ''z`~=#O^ HOz` 'J#^ ==
O^K#k. P 'J#^ H ~" ''J=... `"... (<#h=J`_)
J##q. J\ J#^ =" D O~ùH `=. P =O U~_K#
'^ 'z`= J# ~ @|_Ok. ''H#H 'J#^ J# ^ H ~}
z`=# c[= Jx = =z<~.
H# (Illusion) : H# H H# J# =~H ~ _ LyOK|_Ok. P`
`# H x` #`#=Q ''xiH z`== #O_ XH<H_ 'Ku
Ok#^QK#k. J@ 'OH ==~= HOH`"# ` 'H#J# |=K
L^tOK|_Òk. J\ 'H# H u K` D [Q` H Lù xqÒ '=#
Pq~qOk. OH= =# H ~O.
H# }H _. }H x~kOK|_#_ =# _ q=Q
K#k. XH JÔ ye`, P JÔ` > JOê uaO|O _ #tOK_O
[~QÒk H^! uaO|= ^~}= H He` ~" J~#@Q, D =#
_ }= H ~" J~ =#k.
O^#= { J#== =#, }=.
XH_ ZH_ ^~=Q L# XH<H ^~=H =#H#=O `# O^
O^K<_#H... J\ =<He` ^~=` U~_# J\ O|O^= XH <H
'QuH K`< OqOk H^! P Qu H< 'O^#= Jx _ JO@<O. J\
Qu H z`=` _Hx L#_ 'J#== J##k kOk. z`= =~H_
=O>... P == 'K XH == iOz#\H P J#== J##k
U~_^ . H#H z`" XH == `< H q+ =`< U~_ 'O|O^= # x~zOK_O ,
OK_O [~QÒk. JO^K` z`" [Q`. z`" O~=.
F L=# H~}O G 361
''O^= J#== D L "#" "== H~}O.

"\ "#" '}=. P }" =#. '}"Hx KeOKk K`#"!
}"= ~ ~Q= `lOK@ K`#, ("~Q= K`#), }=
J= K`#, =kx P~OK@ K`# J^ #= H~OK@ K`#,
~=~"#\ '|*#= K`# x~kO|_Q^. D }" H K#~"
J~ L#k H^! Jk `# O^ K# H Hey#\H Jk =Q `#
`# KeOK^. J#Q Jk `Q [_"#^. ^xx KeOK#k Z=~?... P`
K`#" =! ...J\Q =# _. =# `Q [_" J~=O_, P`
K`#= K` =iOK|_K#k. P P` O uK 'z`H H *#H
~", Ju K"#, O"H" L#k.
OHeOKH=_" =< <#O O~=#O.
D =~=# L=# H~}= H ~O= OH=Q ~O_ =_
"H KH"O>...
''z`{O^H D ~O_O\ H O|O^" =#. J\ O|O^=
q^~=# L`#=QK#k. H#H =# q^ J~ L#k. JO^H D
=## 'Jq^ = Jx _ JO@<O. Jk D 'O~= J# ^xx
HQ*# J*#O. z` O^= 'OHeOK@ J# H K` O|O^=
U~_K#k. H#H OHeOK@ =# H ~=.
JO^K` 'OHeOKO_@ J# qOuK D 'O~= J#|_k `$\
[~Oz" |_Q ^. D [Q` H L= #= OH ~`= K`< [~QQ ^.

10. '[= L=#O K`#=

N =+ =i : [=# `~OQ=# L=#OQ fHx K`# `` =#
qnHi#. q#-
[=# ^^$+` î#_ ...[= H HêH, `~OQ ^$+, `~OQ
...J< q=~= U~_Òk. J^ qÔQ K`#" ...O^#H, JO`H~}= H
OH=, z`= ...J~ LOk.
"= #Oê K#=` `Q O^#H (Vibration) XH_ K`#=
K` kÒ J=Òk. q+=` _# K`#" OH ~O~ eÒQ
z`=Q i}qOk.
362
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
D z`= (=#) J#|_k XH xH HxOK Ô Q q^~OQ
HeOK|_K#k. `~OQ= ""xH [" H^! D z`= H "= ~O
_ JYO_ =O_H~=Q P z^" =!
ZH_< `~OQ= U `"< K [x YO_OKQ"? [x `~OQO
YO_OK@O Uq\? Jk "^ Ô. J\Q, P ''z`== (z` H
x~`= ~`= JYO_`=#) U J#"# ^x K`# YO_O|_*^.
[= .. XH<H ^=^~=. `~OQ"... P [= H HêHK U~_ XH<H
PH~=. D ~O_ J^" H#H Jq XH^xx =~H\ Z^~#@=<k LO_^.
J\Q 'z` 'Jz` J J^" \^. =i Jz` (^$ ^~= h=
<# "^#q) |î z`# =~H\ Q Z\ KOk? z`# YO_OK@"q\?
`~OQ= Ô K` [O "~"~ H#> 'r= [Q= "^# "\ K` z`
YO_O H^ H|\ Jk ''JYO_=.
=# J##k ZH_? [= '`~OQ= Jx K|_ "# ^~=#^?
H#H, ''z` =# J# O^# Hey L#k! P =# P`# P=iOz LO\Ok
J##=h J"# =K#= =`".
J^= î#_...! XH " D 'z` O^~`" J=#OQ HtOk
J#H.. J\ u H== z^" +Oz LO@Ok H^! WH_ =# K@
Qx, ~= Qx LO_^. '<# H= ~_# J# JzO`"# ZH =Ò
=i LO@Ok.
D qÔQ ^ J^= J#|_ ~O_ H= O^ ''z`= J#|_
^~" ^. Jx q+OK|_Òk. J~` ''=i = =# J#==Òk
H^...! Jx Z=~< JO\~"!
<#~! P =#Qx, z`=Qx q ~= HO> "~#q H=,
H<~=. "~Q `K@ = =`". WH q~? ... z` ~=Q Hey
L#"~. = K` =`" J#==QK# D z`= J#|_ ^xx ''=H
H J=K [~Oz "O_. J\ J= H [#" ''|*#=.

JO^K` F ~=KO^! h= ''=# J#|_k XH\ L#k. U^^ K ^xx

`y# ... J< ^~ =#OH=# îH ~h. J@ "O_Q qOK@K
HO^~ = H = #QK<~. L# == <` =#O `yOK@ uOK
=K. x ==# Z\ `yO? 'OHeOK@ J# H# =x " K_. WH
'=# J<k ZH_#k? J" OH~` ux ^gHiOK\xH LO.
F L=# H~}O G 363
N~=_ : Ò_! OH`H" # =# J#|_k J LO^? H ^? ...''=#K

D r=_ |^_QK<_ Jx Hx = KK<~ H^!
N =+ =i : ''OH`H=Q =# J##k ZH_ ^. OH= K>
=#Q K |_Òk. Jk q^ *#=K L`#=QK#k. H# ^x ~=.
$^=O^ L#\ H K`#=# *<^"# =~H}O Jk qOz=K#k.
D =# [_"#k =`". ^xx `y#k H K`# ~_=Q h".
''<# P`~_< J# =## P~OK"... WH Jk =$`" JQK#k.
Zy#O` =Ò K` =$ÒQ qye D =#K D O K= $+O K|_@
"q\? O^|_@ Uq\? ~= Qx, P^~= Qx x =#K H K` # _=Q
h= kO|_@O Uq\?... W=h =~ "H= H" KC?... <=e DHK
HO_ O_ K|_@=O> Z\O\^.... KO^ H~}= `@K |Q HO^@=O>
Z@=O\^... ` ^= Q LxH x =#K P` ~_Q r=_ OOK|_@O
_ J\^!
''XH_ =#K J<HK@ D_|_K<_... ''=~H_ D =##
[~OK_xH f~` xq`" ^@"# J_=H }= K<_...
W@=O\ H^#=O` = ^$+ z# K+. ~=~ ^$+K =# "^#q
=. ''UH" ` Jx J#@O LÔ J^! ZO^HO> =# XH q^
~K# H^! ZO` J<+Oz< ''WkQ, =# J#|_#k WH_ D ~O LOk
....J#@Q =#H=< aOKK#^? ...< ^. XH q^ == K`# =ix
[~OK@? O HxOz# XH K= P ^+ =xy =~}OK@?
P! ==q JQ P =xK $+OK|_# WH_ '^$= J# =
ZO`\ K=`~"#^ K<" ~=? `# ~" ^.... T~#O` =Ò
K`<, Jk H Q^... J@=O\ '=# J#|_ q^ ==K D [#O^~
P_OK|_K<~. H#H =# OHeÒ =`" Hx, Z=~ HeOz =#
JO@H\ Ok H^.

11. J*#=O K`....

N=+ =i: ZC_` J*#O HeyO^, JC_ D r=_ ~ P^ J~_Q
K<_. P`_ O^x H O U=#k...? J D '$+ JO` _ J*# H~}OQ<
L`#=QK#k. J! ZO`\ q^H~"# q+O! D r=_ J*# =O K`<
'=# Ô "^#qQ Q [_==K kO|_K<_. h P`_ iQ
364
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
ij# K<_? ^. =~ =~ 'J<~=< J=Oa<_. `# ^Y=
H~H D $+x =~Oz LO@<_.
N ~=_ : =i D *_=# LO?
N =+ =i : D =#, D $+ - W=h Z\ L`#"<~? 'JqK~} K`<
H^! JO^K` J*#="# D $+ 'qK~} =Ò K` ="Òk. WH
nxx QiOz ^dOK@O ZO^?
D $+ =#Ax O He`"#\ 'Ou H ~" J~ L#k.
''OHO PHO J@ W@ ZQ~Ò> Jk < < ~e
q~O Q~ KOk J< "M#O ZO`Q = O He`", D $+x _ D
r=_ J\ OHe` H^#= K`< O^K<_. J\ H^#=# "Ô\
`lOK_... WH WÔ` P r=_ `# ~OQ< PkOKQ_.

Uk U"`<O? ''q^~=, He`=, ZK\ _ LxH xk, J=

J~#\ D =# K` H=O` Ò H=@O =#O K<O. J~`, =#=_#
"_ He`==Q D $+x, 'J^= J~ L# D =## `# =O KH
=\xH ^_e. J\ ^_x "_ J^` *#"=# U qÔQ J~_
HQ_ K? J^$+, =<# "\ H~ P, |#"# J=Q# Q
r= H ^+|k ^~= O^ ~_~ LO@Ok. ''g\x Ok` <#
~`=# O^`# Jx =# KO^Òk. J\ |k `# JO`~OQ= H
~=# QOKHÒk. H;"# q+=# QiOKHÒk. H;
|k x == D O~= H J |= _ D =# cuK #^!
J"# q+= @ JOH~ ==H~= U~_K#"!
*# #_#"_ `# H =# K`< Ju ~=Q n~H= #O_
OOK|_K<_. Y=K ii q^=Q "yOK|_K<_.
J<H"# J#=H=`, =~# q+= =^ L#`_ ==iOK
J\ "x =O^ L` $+"# ` q+=# ukOK@ Z\Q "= QOK
H`<=.

F L=# H~}O G 365
12. L^= J~ J#~

N =+ =i : F ~=KO^! W_ =K K|_ L^= ~=#
QOK#\ "i q+" Hx q+= ~[# =#q K<#.
HO^~ [# D O~ Q~= ''q+ Ma+ J< `~OQ=K
H@Hx |_K<~. '~=~ q+= "~ JÒ` Kq\`#O, =Q`#O
=Oz LO@<~. P` `` qK~} K_O, H O` L`= `=#
ijeOK@O W=h "ix qOK@ ^. J\"~ J^` q^# QOK_xH
J#~ JQK<~.
''H =H< #_O! Jk JO`! Jx KCO@ H `~=x @iH
@ H# Q `@# Z=~ KOKQ~? "# K_x "iH QOÔ "^[
J`~, ~< JOk UO [#O? =`Q `y#"_H '"^= K~
^~ x[= x~OK_xH uOKQ=? P`_ < x~=# J~O KH
Q_? qKH} k=~# PHoO KHQ_?
XH_ `# O^=# f~H=_xHx <xH "o ^ QO`` =
\H` Jiz K` U^< [#=O@O^? =~xH hu "H= qxOK
Q=? =# "O_H LO_Q ^~= ^=QK# "xH <~=
H B#`= QiOz K O^~"# Q ZO^ xH ~?
J#~ =O^ P^` q^# ukOK_O J\^ JQK#k.

F ~[#~! <^H q#=. U =#` '^~xH ^ Jx HO^\

~ =#O x~OK"... ''J\ =# < WK H ~". WK, J=#
|\ =# LO\Ok. H#H ''WK, J= i J~# =~= xq
LO> WH =# [~OK|_#> Jx ZO^ OqOK~^?
=~H q+O. XH<H @ ''P ^~OQ Z`Q Hx#k XH ^ O_
~"? Jx O^=, = U~_ L<#H... Jk ^~=Q Kz# ~^
~k ''J! Z\ }OK_O ... Jx _`<_#OÔ. WO` ''Jk
|O_~~ H^, U^ Hh_ =`"... JH_ O_~~ ^ Jx Z^~Q =#
@~ K~. W_ ''P O_~~ `yOK|_#> Jx ZO^ qOK~^.
N~=_ : J=#. ~^~k x~O`~OQ J@ qOK=K.
N =+ =i : J^ suQ ''=# J<^ ^ Jx =, "= _
366
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
#= ~HOQ H\ <O H^! H|\ ''D =# ~^ `yOK|_#> Jx
ZO^ qOK~^.
^~xH 'x^ J~#\ =# ''D =## [~OK_O = = H^
J#O@ u~Q_ "~ ZH_ ^~=Q HxOz# `_# Kz =#x WH_
#Q HH"~ J=`~.
*#^$+ - *x Z " `# P`< ~` î LO\_. P `k`~
s~=# KKK#_ ''F! WH_ } H@#=QK<~ H^!
Jx =`" `KK<_. P s~= P` K`#=iQ ==i [_=Q
}^# KeO*K#^x Q<_. ~O_ `x XH ^== =,
~O_ Q$= #O XH PH= =, D << q^ ^ XH P` Jk+Oz
LO\O^x P`_ Z~QK<_.
*x `# WOk=# Kz ''F! q~O` q q ^~=# xQ
K<~ H^! =Ozk J# q^=Q î<_. WH J`xH =# J<^n, ZH_
"~ JQOK^.
P`... *#H Hey LO@Ok. }= ... O^#H Hey LO@<~.
WOk=... ~=, ~= "^# "\x HìOKH# H Hey LO@<~.
''D P` } WOk= "\ ^~=# J#iOz =~# Hey
LO@<~. =iH |OÔ Z=iH?... ZH_?... Jx *x OK=# t<_.
D H#|_ r=Oî @=QK# ==~ HO` ~ H=O`_, ~
x~` JQ P ~=` H H~}= ~} J~ L#k. JkQ! PH=
~x K_. J#O` OY ~ aO|= #O_ H~} | ^~K<~. P
H~}=h ~x ==# "~#q H=. XHH H~}O XHH ==# HtO
*Ok. H|\ ''`\HO iOK H~}O "~... WO\ i# H~}O "~...
Jx J#Q=? ^ H^! ''D "~"~ r=~ ^~ H\ `=QK# Ô` XH
P` H J# J#=O L`= *# O^K<~. U rq ^xx J=Q#
KO@#\H ''ZQ@ J# == XH f~ L#k H^!
[Q` ^... P` L#k - D [Q`# q*# ^$+`#, Ou ~`"# ^$+`#
K#_ ''Wk JO^", H, x^ Jx è=Ok. J\ L`= ^$+K D
r=_ J#|_"xH P` HO> "~# ` <^. D $u "H= K_:
''<< ^$+" D H#|_K#^n |= H< "~Q LO_@ ^.
''<< q*`" |= HO> "~Q Un è|_@ ^.
''r" |u <~ D r=_ |" Qx, "~ Uq H_.
F L=# H~}O G 367
...D "H=h [Q` H q^`=#, P` H `` x``=

=}=QK<~.
N~=_ : J~` q! ''|= K`#= D r=_ JK`#= Jx J#=K?
N =+ =i : J\ J~` D r=x O^ H LO_k H^. H"# `=
J=Q# |O^= "H= "^Q#q _ LO_q H=. JO^K` *#
ÔfHiOK#k q#-
'P` HO> "~Q D z` r= ~. L#@ `K@=O` H"# =K`<.
JO^K` h Hx# D 'r=_ z`= J##q uaO =`=,
J^= =`". H#H ''D r= "=~= ''x`=x~=JYO_=
J~# P` J# ^$+x Hey LO_.

F [#~! q K` q~ HeOKO@# ''=# J#|_ ^x H~}OQ q
H '~=~ ^$+x H=K<~! JO^ eÒQ q~ O^K# ^Y
~O~# KO> =#H ~Q_`_Q =~x ^ K# Ò_Q
= ZO` iÒ HQÒk.
=~`= - iq` ^$+x P~Oz ''H;=, =O^= J~# P` q+}
=K~O "Ô\ u~i# =~ J< D q OK~O K<~.
D WOk q+= =`~"#=x `K J\"~ `= x# =~=
Z\^ Z~Q<~.
'Q_^, =~_ D W^~ J<H ^Y~=# J#qOK@H [xOK
K<~. J"# J=Q# H~}O J=@O K`, =#O^Q ''JO`$ Ok,
J@ `~"` ''= Jq =, "= Wq O^^ Jx WH D =#=_ JO`$H
H~} "`H_O [~QÒk. xOkOK@O, ^+OK@O, ^+OK@O "^# #~H
=~ u`Q i}qOK@O [~QÒk.
=Ô Z< |^^= <~. ~<~. J^qÔQ D ''Ô
#O^ Pà=#O, WOk q+= @ PH~}, H~ @ |k Hey#\
J<H =Ok r= [x<~. =~}<~. Z< H, = u~A H~"i
K` qQ` r=QK<~. D q [xOK } Z< H@ DQ,
^= u ~E "= K` #O*|_K<~. *i = " "k
K# \ HQ@ H# ~z J=K<_. qK~}, ij# #\ =~
=#= [# _ J\" JQK<~.
368
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
J\ =~ QiOz ^dOz UO [#O? h\ XH ^ K J<H z#
K#, H@H=# qOQK#k. P ^ K XH<_ XH *i KuH zH =Q
K#k. # =O\ =Q ~Q# ^ *u ~Q qOQ`<~. P ^
*u ~Q ~Q xiOz# Q\ zH } q_<~. P ~Q#
^ *u kOH =z OKOk. P kO# H lOk. H# =
P~yOk. =# =Oy =Oy# e ex H H# ZQ|O\
ZQ|O\x z~` e z~` ex OO O=# ~O D qÔQ XH
^xx XH\ KOO@<~. ~ O ^ HO_# ZH " =# _H #~ KK K#k.
P "= "=K `yOz"|_Òk. "= ^ ^ ~`=K
`# k# HÒk. P ~ `=# =*Ô H} O K~O Q K" QQÒk.
=*Ô WO^xKuH ^-O J=Òk. P WO^_ q+^=xK XHH}
HO xqOK|_K<_. =~H H}O `yOK|_K<_. JO`\ q+=
=O\"_ _ H== K` J<H ^Y=` _# K, `, Ok =O\
L^ "tOK= Ok.
J<H q+= è# = O_`, s~ +== H"~ _ `=
^= "tOz# H;r=K HOK|_K<~.

KK" ~=! D qÔQ D H#|_ } H@h P `k`~ PkuH r=
|_ qz# =QK<~. Jq D q OKi# HkHO J*# q+ =#
P~Oz, "\< JO\ @Hx =O@<~. J*#O K`< D r= ~~O
OOKH=_O HOKH=_O K<~. ....J~` *xH WH_ H~H#=#
q+O Qx, ^+OK =# q+O Qx LO_@ ^.
XH ~Q ^Q~ #O_ J<H r=*` D q x~O`~O Lù, q<#=
O^K<~. [ ^ PH~= Q " uqOQ= L`#=Q
K<~. q ` = ~H~H PH~=Q ~Q W=h
L`#==`<~. XH } ^= #O^ J<H H; }, qz` Hq*O
Lù Ok, x=Oz WO`< #t<~. =~=Q =$H=#, ^#,
~OQ ~OQ Hq H@H= @K<~. =OKHO_ _ Hx }
x"O HeyL<~. WOH ==O^ Hx H@H= [xOz, Ki<~. W\
JOMH=# ~H~H=Q }h *#=` _# P=, J=Q#
Oz# H~}OQ< U~_K<~. J~` W\ D $+ ==~= @ ''JH
F L=# H~}O G 369
^Y= ~Q= ^+= "^#q LO_=# JQ`" ^. x~O`~ Lù

q<#=` _# O~ =# 'Y ^Y == ~O_ Lz`= H=.
N~=_ : D qÔQ = =$H= H P = q^=# r=H@ Lù
JQK<~. =~ q<#O O^K<~. gi ^Y=h `Qk Z\?
N =+ =i : `# |kx 'xt`= x~= KH# "iH ` ^$+K Ou
O KK#k. J q+ = ^ Hey ==i# |^ # ^Y ~ `#
K@O ZQ = _ è_O ^. = qK~} q#O_< u~iOK "i
^~= ""\ `yOKQ O K ? JO^H N~==`~O D [Q` J`=H" . ..
h= J=ìOK=.
D =#A _ H@HDQ`<\ Q[O`==$H ^~ P~OK "~
L<~. J\"~ L^= J~ HH =K<~. ^$ q+= O^
OQ"# =# Q =#A#, = ^"q LO_^. = `\`
D_|_` LO>, =_z`Q =#A `= =# K`< D_|_K<~.
'z`= J< |~^ W~Hx ''~<#= J# ~=#= H~H J<H
H~~O=# ~zOKHO@# "ix Kz#_ Q_, t _ ''J!
O Jx ~k<~.
N~=_ : r=xH Wx ^Y= OK\xH H~}"q\?
N =+ =i : Z=~` `= z`=# [~OK~ ..."iH JO`\ ^Y=
O= ` LO\~. J `j~#, _" ^= K "ix, WOk q+ =
L`= =Q qOK "ix, ^Y ~=#= Q H~H==# ~=
L`=` ~OaOK "ix, "\ Q #=H= Q"ix P ~ =#=
PzOKQQe. ^, J=`~ =i=Q h =~#" =~O Ke. "~
=~=#= =Ò D ^ `y#O`Q J~ JQ@^. Z=~` `= z`=#
[~Oz LO\~ J\"i @ = ^ `\ == ~OQ = ''~=, =
= =x`= JQK#k. J~Q"i H~H Q~= "`` LO\~.

13. =<<#O
N~=_ : '=# J#|_k ^x q~ K|`#k JOwH~ Q" J~#\H,
==# D W~, Y^Y=,
Q~ =, q_z@#O` =~ [#
"=O@Ok KO_! JO^K` =## Jf` u ~~KH=_O Z\?
370
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
N =+=i : <<! ^ ^ K#^ =~ KK<#. 'q^ J~ L#
=# J#|_^x QiOz =~"# H# K=^. J=K =iOK|_ ''P ~_
[_` eH Q Ô QiOz qx _ x[OQ< ''^= J< ^xx
K#@ qOz H=# J~_ KK"? P q^=Q =#K [# H}O
|^, ^d` JQK<~. P` `` =# U =iz =_x J#O`HO D
=# #" q[$Oa< LO\Ok. J~< ~=! hq_ D =# O"^=K
~=~ `=Q 'P`# KHQ ZQK<= H^! 'z`= J<k OH ~O~
H~}OQ< =$k KO^Òk. JO^K` h= D ^$ OH=# "#"O@< `lOz
"~. D ^$=# Q#H h= P~OK"... WH JO` .. h= z``_=,
|^_= J=`=. ''D ^$= J`=, JO== _ Jx Zy# "_"
nxx `lOK" WH h= z` ~`_= =_= JQK<=.
D ^$= uQ}= ~q~= H~}=Q =` _#^ =O\Ok.
nxx P~OK" ...|O^=. iQ `lOK" ..."H=.
D `=# QOz J\ ZH# JO`~OQ=# k~KHx, WH P Uk
Z@ Lz`", Jk J> x~iOK. ''P JO`~ ^$= ~O_ <# H#
Jx qOKK XH ~`=Q ~=Q =O_.
1. $^~_Q P ~=` H LxH PHO Ju q"#^x Zy
LO_. P< h H#|_ P <=~ JQK<_x =^#= Ok LO_.
2. ''Wk [Q` Wk P` J# Ou ~" ^ `H## ~=Q =ke"~.
J_ +O z LO_ H K` # =#O^ ^ _ " LO_. ^ J\ J< < P~OK.
3. ''^$= ^$+ =^ '^~#= J< Q J#=O LO\k H^!... J\
J#==# H~Q P` ^$+ ^~# ^$= O^ J##`" LO\Ok.
J\ q+~` H``=# ~^ =# K LO_. J\ =# [Q` LO_^
H#H Jk '=~` u J=Òk.
4. PkOK#k PkOK|_#k J# ~O_\ H =^ LO_ q+~`x
P~kOK, LOK.
5. J#q J#=h= (The Experiencer - Experiences) J# ~O_\ =^
x~O|", P ~O_\ H< "~Q L#\ ^`` =# =~Oz LO_.
6. *Q` + =_\ HO> qH} "# ~= #O^ =<|^ #
uHOz LO_.
J\ ''^ z<` =#= Jx =|_ P``# U=~z, q+=#
F L=# H~}O G 371
qOK@O, ^$=K PHiOK|_@O ^~Q O JxOKH^? J@ ^$=# P~O

K> ''z` ^# O^@O Jx QOK.
F =! ~=! ''P` *# ~= J< H K` z`= J< OH#
Òz"~. z`= J< O[~= #O_ P` J< O=# q_OK.

^=Q ùx =ê q+#Y_= h= ZO^ H"e? q+=
@ ^K q+H~_" |O^=# O^`<=. W`~ J#==, ^$
O~= H~}O Q< P` J#"# 'z`= = J# ~= O K@O
[~QÒk. =~ J ~Q, ''x~O`~= =##= "^Q"\K D z`=
P``= ^$_xO` HiOK@O [iy`, J_ z`= '^`` =Q
UH=QK#k. J_ ''Wk P` Wk z`= Jx K\xH _ ''^ `= J<k
qQ^. ''[QÒ` P` J< *#O JO`H~}O qHOz# `~"` WH q+
`=Q K`#"H_? Lk `=Q z` "H_? K`#=Q =$`H_? ....'H=
~=~ u O^ g@x\H K> =O_^.
z`= JO> J Uq\? - ''D ^= D WOk= g\ ==~=
W" < ~= J# iq` ^$+ J#= u 'z`= J# |= K K |_Òk.
J\ z`" , PÔ` #\ ^M# qi O* Ok. ''<# D uH s~ iq`_#
J# HH ux ijeOz ~=~OQ Kz#_ ''|=# J#OQ 'r=`
J#|_^ ^ Jx è=Ok. H#H ''<# |=<! J##\ J#==#,
J#ux O^@ z`= H L=#= =! J^ ~= Y=.
''D z`= _ [Q`x Q" H^! D [QÒ` P` J# xO K`
'z`= H=@O J<k kOKQ^. ^x< z`= H <#O, L=#O Jx
_ <O.
W\ `*<^"#_ ''` JO> << D [Q` J# J#=u
HQÒk. WH_ ~^=K pH\ \OK#@, =# OQ< #tOz
Òk. =# J< ~O s~O LO_ ^KQ OKi#O` =~ =
L`~ LO_f~`~. J\ ~=# ''|`H q*#= K`, '=k K` \ ,
P, `$+ J< H~ H ''~ =`= J< |@ " e. WH ^x = =O_^ .
z`" W+= . =# =##=. z`= #O_ @H# Ou J< ^ =#
''"H*#= J# =O`=K |H=OQ q<#O Ke. ZO^HO>, ZO`
|= Qk, "O_k J~# D z`K= J<H [#Q s~O "tOz
372
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
PHqOKHx LO\Ok. ''<# h= `k`~ ~=... i^=Q P`
J# L`= =#K WH z`K= D Ô x=^. J_ L^Q= =^
`Q`~. = "@ = LO_=.
''P` ~^ aOz L#k H^! WH < ~Q"O^? ^+"O^? H~`
<=#k? WH < =# Qx, JO`~OQ=# Qx JHOK=#^n LO_
*^. Un < Y=Qx, ^Y=Qx H*^ - J< x=` PÀ D
[Q` ==i<~. JO^K` "~ z`~` JQK<~. JO`H~}=
Z\ H~ *~O_, ^Y~`"# L`=^=# OÒ KO@<~.

14. `$+
N =+ =i : F ~"! D r=_ XH<H JuQ\ ^# `_K K` H@|_ D
$+H =~ =~ D_~|_K<_! P `_ ~ ''`$+. W_ D `$+
QiOz Hx q K`#. q#-
P` XH<H_ `# |==# U=~z, z`= J# ^xx P~Ok.
J\ z`= Jq`=Q D O~= J#|_ ^xH c[=QK#k. J\ z`=
r=x |OkOK *= =O\k =! JO> Uq\? P` WOk =$` O|OkOz#
J#= =# P~Oz#^, z`= K HeOK|_# ''D ^ ^ <# J# x=#
O^Òk. P z`= ~Q ^+=, "# U~_\xH ^^=QK#k.
JO`HO ` iy`# D `$+ ="^= QK#k. = ^H=Q
K#k. Jk P`< =i *O^? Jk L^~Oz#_ J#O`` O^ [Q`
J# qH~= U~_K< L<~.
F ~ ~=! ' y "_q << OK=K<" Qx D `$+ H ^H` O
OK@O | ~^^ _ JO` èH H^. P! Ju fH " H$+=~=
(#)` _#^, Ju n~", J<H ^Y= [#=Q Hey#^, j`=
OH~= _ J~#\ D `$+ J< Y_= Lk~O~# JÒ` ~OQ
~ ~ #H" K#^! ''"iOK@ Jq H^" Jx JxOK ''##`, J==#=,
`=, J, ^Y=, *_= W=h ZH_ #O_ |^~`<~? D
q+O "= Q ikOKO.''W=h D r=x H 'WkJk H"e J# ~O
Q `$+ #O_ |^~K<~ Jx "= H#Q<O.
D `$+ J< ^ e =# J< aO "t Oz 'WOk= J< ~H= O#
F L=# H~}O G 373
PHeQ uO@#k. D }# HO_~ qkH, = ^H D_~

=H =HQ K #=K#k.
`$_`_# r=_ - Jk Z_, Z\ _Ò^, U ~OQ =## PH
qO^, D r=_ Q=xOKH=K<_. ^x K` _OK|_K# D`_ Ju
n#"# JO` H~} O Hey LO@<_. H #_, q"`_ PHO^#= K < _.
XH^x `~ "` =~H\ K # J<H q+ =, ==~=K ^ ^ u`_Q
K<_.
`$+ J< `K= ZH_ LO_^, JH_ =`" }"= ` O^
`~. JH_ JOHeÒQ }O =i` LO@Ok. HOksQ K`# , `k`~ H@H=
K`# $tOK|_x fQ =iO` JO^"# # kOKQ^ H^!
`$~`_ ~OaOK u H~H== J^`"# [#O Hey LO@Ok.
H=# Jx~Kh"# = #, P^ = # K ~QQÒk. J`x u
Y Ou^= J=`~.
''J `$+ x=OK K>H_O_? Jx t... ''Jk Q_ H@x LO_k
q"H ~`x $Ô<! Jk JH_ JÒ` "ÒK =~OQ L~H
"Ok J##^ = =^#O. J! HeH H\ # O` `_K JO` ^ H
_ D_|_K#@ D r= J<H |O^#=, Oz` == " <@
|_K<~! `$+# P~Oz#O^ e ÒQ z=iH qyk H =, zO`, H=,
|_@= JQK#k. `$+K L^qOz# zO`K Q *@== H"~,
J<H q+= è"~ _ z=iH qz# `"#~|_K<~ H^!
^#=, H~= J~# "@ Hu H ^<# JOKK ^ [O`= YO_K
|_K#@ ''^, q"H=, L`= P=, Q=^#= "^# ^ Q}
`$+K `QH @|_K<~. #u "z# K \ `$}=# (Q_ ~ H #) H O K_xH
"o, _ #u _ ~#@, D `$+# "#O\ " =_ _ '#~HO J< JO^ O
_`<_. HO ''=e`#O K ^~~O. z=~ H _ H#|_= H^!
JO@ LO\~. Hx Ju H;"# D `$ KO "~HO HO> _ JkHOQ D
r=x Q_"xQ, n#xQ K=Ok.
J=OQH~=Q '`$+ J< KO $Ô Hz` "tOK@ K`< JO`\
`$+K |Ok`_# P ~Q"#_ _ XH QO[ `\K H@|_#@ PHO
J@ W@ u|_K<_. JO^K` F ~=! D } H@ O``# qz#O
K ^Y" [#OQ Hey# D '`$+ J#|_ `= hK JO` ^~O<
`lOz"|_ QH!
374
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
`$+K ` < "= gKK#k, ~ `= x|_K<~, D q r=~#
îOk. D =_ H= _ `$+K`< îO|_K<~. XH_ XHK@ XH
`_ K` H@|_`, P |OÔ #O_ q_OKH=@O èH <" Qx, '`$+ J< |OÔ
#O_ =Ò D r=_ JO` èHQ q_=__. JO^ ''= Ò H"e.
JO^K`, ~=! h= ''OH=# q_K@ J# LO` `$+# i`lOK.
OH= =#. =# `$+ LxH #O. J*#=` _ |=`~=Q
OH= ~O~ `$+ J~ L#k. =~H ~O. ''D ^" <# J#|_
â=#=# D r=_ ZO^H P~OKK<_. J*#==, ~ ^~
xq`= J~#\ J\ Ja=#" `$+ x" #O HeOKK#k. J<` `=#
D ^= "^#"\ O^ Pà=#O `lOz# =~H}O ^Y=h `=O`@
`" =`~. J_ h= *xQ iQ}O^y# "_"`=.
JO^K` ''<# ~^~= Jf`=Q x`", `", =_< L<#
J# ~= Q ''J#" =#K D `$+ J#|_ ^xx HuiOz"~. D [Q`
HxOK q `x u~ iOz "~. O Kf`=Q '~ |= #O^ ~ z`_ = ,
_= H=.

15. zH`
N~=_ : =`! ^~! ''D `$+, JOH~=# `lOKO_ Jx q~
K# "H JÒ` P"H Q#, QOc~OQ# L<~. Hx, <^H OÔ.
'JOH~O# `lOK == D ^=# _ i`lOK ==O^" H^!
ZO^HO>, JOH~=# }=# XH<H SH` L#k. =i XH " }=#
~HOKO@ _ =~H " JOH~=# q<#O K@O O="#O\~?
^ H# XH `\ O = î Oz LO@#@ JOH~" D ^ =# î OKK#k.
J\ JOH~" #t, WH D ^=# îOK ^=~? Wk <H `^. H|\
==H! <# D JOH~=# Z\ i`lOKe KO_? D ''JOH~=
}= s~= O|OÔ q+O #<O K=O\~?
N =+ =i : D HO [# =_ s`# JOH~=# Hey LO@<~-
1. ''^-* "#` _# JOH~= (ÔH~=) -
^= WOk=K O^|_=#qQ qOK|_K#q.
*= WOk=K `H#=#qQ qOK|_K#q.
F L=# H~}O G 375
W\ JOH~= Hey L# r= =# H, JO`H~}= #Oê x=

q#! Ôk=, J# <, `k`~ ^~= O`" <#. D
Ô, D J#<^ < rq`= xq`" L<~. Wq L#K> <# L<#. Wq
#_ <# _ #.... - Wk 'iq`=Q#, =i, '^=OH~=
Jx _ = <~.
2. '^ "<`Q=` _# JOH~= (zÔH~=) - W\ `Q
=~=# J=OaOz# r= `` qK~}# P~OK@K D ^ WOk
O `=#, =## "~ K ije< ~. H=OQ, ''D =#, ^ O, WOk
J` J~ L<~ J# x= ^$_~KH#K<~. J\ qK~}-x=
H |=K ''<# '^= JQ zÔH~=# J# ~O_= JOH~=#
$^= "@K<~. ''D ^$= Hx#, qx# U XH ==`
_ < O|O^" ^. Jq < O^ =. <# "\ O^ _ # J#
ZH#, |kx, iH~KH#K<~. P J=Q## JO`s#OQ Hey LO@<
b=ÒQ P xq`"# H# x~iOKK<~. J\ O` |k`
_# x= H =OK ~ q+= J=#
`yOKH#K<~. LOiO *H#K<~. H#OQ HH~
^$+` xiH~OQ =~=#= #O^ K=#q =Ò x~i<~.
J`_ ''^ `QOHi JQK<_. J\"_ J\ L` $+`K =_ =!
3. * "<`Q=` _# JOH~= - W\ JOH~= P~OK
=h_ ''<` D [Q` JO` |" H^! WH "# =iH? ZO^?
ZH_? J# ~= Q H`~O O^K<_. "#xO\x H~O *,
x~_QK<_. JOH~=# P= H~=# JOKK<_. ~
=#H qH=# `lOz"<_. ''`#, `k`~` ~= k== JQ
P` ^~< K=`~"! J# ^$+x, J=Q## OOkOKO@<_.
J\"_ ^ xiH_QK<_. ~^ ^~à=x JQK<_. D
q^"# "<`Q=K ^$ H#O` =Q, O` ux Ok 'Z~Q@
J# ^xx LOiOz 'xiH =kO^ "tOKK<_. J`_ '*`y
J#~` K|_K<_.

^ "<`QO J=OaOz, H=# Lz`" # H~=# X#~ r=#

# "i [#H=~A =$ÒÒ XH ^$OÒ. * "<`QO K Oux
376
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
Ok#\ q^=Q =` L<~. J\"~ ~`==Q |= #O^
u Hey<~. H=i J\"~. F ~=KO^! D ^ * "<
`Qe^~ =# =! ~O_ =~= =H^H= J=`~. D r=#
O`= O_ K, H==Q P```=# O*~.
* "<`y =k O^ J~_#"_
q^=_ ^~`_.
^"<`y =k #Oz z =`#HO ==iOK "_ rq
LO@< =H`= Hey L#"_. ^"`_, ^= LO_ _ ^"#
x"_.
gi^~ _ 'Jq^# JkQqOK@K H= | Ô ` LO@<~.
D ^q^= QiOz (^ *"< `Q QiOz) ^HO_ ~AQ
Hx q+ KiOKO. WH =O^ _ =iHx q+ KH `<O.

16. r=#_
N~=_ : =s! q~ `$+ #O_ q_=_#\ r=# QiOz, q^=
QiOz qnHiOK@O [iyOk. ''^ "<`y * "<`y J#|_K#
"iî QiOz =i Hx q` x~zOz =O^Q K=x < ~#. J@
`~"` ^qkQ `k`~ q+ =# H#yOKO_.
N =+ =i : ~! h= Hi# qÔQ< r=#H q^=# x~z# q#.
"~ U L=K `$+ #O_ q_=_K<~ h" Q=.

Z=_` H#QÒQ x~O`~O U~_KO_>, =OQ Hey LO_ P Y
^M#, ~ H# `# JO`~OQO OÔ_< LO\_ J\"_ 'r=#_
Jx =|_K<_. J`xH W+-J~+= Qx ~Q^+= Qx LO_=. WH,
P OK ==~=# =Ò, +x = ==H~ H~ $`= O_<
x~i =O\_.
J`xH ''D ^" <#, ^ O|O^=# D ^#Q$|O^[# ==~O
<k J< JO ==`= LO_=. ~ H= Qx, H= H^= Qx,
^~= n#`= Qx J`x JO`~OQ [# U=Ò $tOK=. WH WH_ `~|_
WOk q+=# ^~ ^=x Z=iH O|OkOz#qQ K_. `#
F L=# H~}O G 377
JO`~OQO (x^~ z =# K#@) P`_ 'P`*#= J# #O

x^~ z LO\_. D ~=# 'P@, P@q_ = K LO\_. ~H
i~_# ~KO^_ U f~Q, `# LxHK `# P^ i`_, `k`~# P^
~ LO\_, =# D r=#_ _ qHOQ< O`+=, L=K
iq`_ ==i LO\_. WH 'q^= q+xH = "~ WOk
QK~"# D ^$ OKxH O|OkOz#"~ H~. "i QiOz =K#= K`
K@=O> z# `` ''^^# Q@# H=@O =O\k. W\H =Ò
=x u Q` U f~Q LO\ =i Hx q K`#. q#-
q+ ~`= (~ P JkQqOz#\k) - XH "HO KO> '=H
J#Q D WOk q+= @ ~ P =i`"#\ 'WKK, "uÒQ
O z# H~ # PKiOKKO_@". Z_` , D r=x H |k - ^$ q+ =
''Wk `" J# =#, Q= @ P Hey#^ ^~= O^ u
Hey LO@O^ Jk ^$_=Q O~|O^=!
r=# `= $^=# OH~Ò KO@<~. ^~=
O^ b=ÒQ #K<~. "~ q+ P=i`"# WKK P i`
J#OQ O`"# JO`~OQ=` ==i<~.
^~= @ Q PH K` `$+ =$k Ok#_ D r=_ '|^_
JQK<_. q+=x\ O^ "<~`"# z`= Hey L#_, D
r=_ '=_ D Wî =^ =Ò WO` =`".
H~Ò - =x O^ =# HxOK XH q+"=O> q+=
OK\xH =O^ Qx, P q+= `QK#_ Qx P`x O^ P ~Q
q~^K HeQ ^YO LO_^. Z_ P`_ =~=#H= #O^ ~"# |k
Hey LO_, Lz`#z`=# J#iOz ''Wk <H~=" L#k, JO^K` K<#
...Jx x~~OKx LO\_.
''D =" , q+ " < O Ke J# WK
|OÔ . J#Q, WOk#
HiOz# r=_, WOk q+ ^_=@O [~QÒk. D ^~= Qu,
i}== ZQ"... WH "\ @ `$+ U~_^. D '`J` ~=#
^~=K PH~}qH~}# KOÔ_ LO_ ~"^~ z`= Q =`_
r=#Hx Ok#>. JO^K` ~"! h= |O^-"H=#, Y-^M#,
Px~#, `J`# "Ô@ `lOz LO_. O`=Q PH= =
H~`_" LO_. = =^= = = O^ QOc~O =Oz
378
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
LO_. ''[#=$` ~`=Q P` ~_# Jx Zy LO_. WH D [##=~}
zO`K =## =~#\H HOHÒ KH.
Q xO Hey LO_@O - F ~=KO^! ""xH D ^$^~= g h=
H=. <q H=. W"g h O^ UH}=O^ _ =. h= _ "\ O^ =.
D ^$ ^~=h '"= ^~= HO> J#OQ< LO@<~. Ju `K"#
~=#= Hey#q JQK<~. J~`, h= =Ò g\x\H J#"#\ h ^
~=# P~Oz LO_.
D OK=O` 'J` J~#\ J*#=K Pq~qOz '`J` ~=#
u Hey LO\Ok. WH h"... nxHO`\ H ~" "K<=. J\ ~=#
Jf`=Q K` # =i=Q h= ^~= @ '`$+ Hey LO_@"q\? ZO` J=O[
"# q+=k! JkZ\ O=" K?
XHi D '^= ^$=# H ijeOz Kz#_ <Q q^=#
x= HQK<~-
1.^` =# - è Ò_K xiOK|_#\ ''H, K`, @, `Q D
^" <# J< =#. Wk J*# ^$+ K`< HQK#k. xOQ Wk
=|O^=Q i}qOK=K#k.
2 ^ K`#=# - D Ôk= Hx\ HO> "#\, JÒ` H;"#\
^ K`#=< '<# J# xO. Wk "H=# î fOk.
3. ''~`" =# - D [Q`#Oê ~r= H P`~=#
<#! <# JH_# J# x=. Wk _ "H^HO JQK#k.
4. ''[Q^" =# - PH= = #" J~#\ D PûH, Pk ^qH,
Pk uH`H"# D [QÒ` '<# J# J=Q#. Wk _ "H=#
î fOk.
D <yO\ "@"^\ k =e# "#K U~_Òk. |O^=QK#k.
`H # =_ ^ uH "# [#OQ aOk. H#H, ` ~O J#~}
=Q
K<~. ''D [QÒ ` P`~_#Q <# J~ L<# J# xO J=OaOz
L# `~"`, WH J\"x z`= M^= Z\ O^Òk? ""xH JO` _
P` H ==K "Oz LO\Ok. JO^K` '~= P` J< x~O
KH# r=_ WH |OÔ `Q_.
J=Q# - ~=# Jk#"L#\ P` qq^"# "^=K qq^"#
~` =|_Òk. ''#O, |O, ~+_, H$u, q*#=, D#_,
=, t== J# ~h P` KOk#".
F L=# H~}O G 379
""xH D [QÒ` ^ <` ~O J~ L#k. WO^ ^ `= Qx,

a#Ò Qx ZK\ U =Ò =. ~=~ ` *#O K` D OK=O` "OK
|_ L#k. J~` Ou Q |kH J` "# Ô` ` = = QKiOK@O [~QÒk.
J#O`"# PH$u Q =^=O` [= K`< ~" L#k H^! | #O_ XH
OO =~ D [QÒ` P` K`< i~" L#k. JO^K` =}=K J
q+O QOK|_#_ ''|"H> `= J# "H=K qHOK |_Òk.
=^ [= HO> `~OQ "~? =\ HO> =\= "~? t HO> tO "~?
H^. |= HO> a#OQ '[Q` J#|_#k U <_, U H}O #O^ "~ H^.
^`^` ``~O - 'r=_ Jx =#O #k '`<. P |` ''J^ `
~=`= H Jx _ QOK. J\ |` '[Q` ~K# J< bK D
[Q`Q q[$OaOk. ^ `~O Q#, J^ `~O Q#, WOH U"" ^=K
H#|_ D [QÒ` |". P |" ''< "~, h "~, ~, ~, ^~
"^# J<H<H"# "#Q`=# ~=` _ HxOk. J*#= K`
~zOK|_K# W\ [Q` =$k KOk` U=#k? #t U=#k? h ~=
*#" J~ LO_Q h= D J<H <=~= @ Y ^Y= O^=#
<=O@Ok? JO^K`, h= P HO^ ==i#_ _, J^ `=#
P~Oz LO_. J^ ` `=_" LO_. P H~# PKi# H}
=Ò ^ `=# P~Oz# "x = ==iOK. D qÔQ ^ `^ `=
~O_\ O^ ``~_" LO_. JO`Qx J<H Jxq`=K xO_ L# D
OH~ O~=O^ J*#=K ^ ` ==~=# #=Hx, JO^
`#_" "Q] , "O_Q e=^. h J^ `x`#O^JYO_` =# U=~==^.
''D [Q` |" J# ZH =i [ ~=~OQ ije D '^ `=
J##k O=" H^. D ^$ ==~=O` H# K#k z`" H^! J\ H#
"= "\ J=Òk?
N~=_ : J~` D [Q` ^ `=? J^ `=?
N =+ =i : D OK=# ^ `= ^. UH= ^. OM `"#
^x =`" ''^ `=, J^ `= J#|_q OqOK=K<"! =` D
[Q` # OM ~ `" # ^xHQ QOKK<~. ` #O_ =< ~OQ L^~OK@O
K`, Wk '<`" H '|" J~ L#k.
^~xH ^= O`~= HxOKK D ''<# h= J##q
Qx, D [Q` J#|_#kQx <=.
380
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
'<# J##k |". |= [#~`"#k. H#H '<# J#|_k _
[#~`"#^!
'<# h= D [Q` J##=h |" J~ L<x J#<O H^!
|= ~`="#k. Jk J<k. H=x\H H=. ^xx q^
~K\xH "~ "~ = J<H =}# Ly<~. P |=#
'[xOK@ "^# qH~= =. Jk ~ zO`# HO> Jf`"#k. xiH~"#k.
^x O^ WOk ==O` ^.
}H JO`\ H P^~O _ |". Jk ~ H< ~ `" ~ H~}=
H~}", x`k`" # ~" , ~ "H" #k. D H "^# ~ WOk=
z`H" L#k J^! =#O Zx "H LyOz#\H ^xx qnHiOK
=< KH `^. ZO^HO>, Jk J#==`" H^! D K~h K# `~"`
z=iH Jk a#k ~= #O^. ~=Q< !
F ~=KO^! =~ ZQu H\ < #. q# D [Q` , WO^ `~ _ K#
<# h= "_ g_ "^#=h... P P#O^H |" J~ L<~. L# x[O
J^. JO^K` 'WÔ` |" J< xO h= x~O`~OQ HeyO_.
Ou =K#=` P <\ KeOK|_Ok.

(^HO_= ~A qK~} i J~Ok)

F L=# H~}O G 381
<O_= ~A
III. }_ =#_ O"Ô
1. =` J=Q#OK~O=O
N~=_ : =`! `=~ x#\ ~A# '= "i H}= q+"
J<H q K~. r=## =` D [Q` `k`~ r= Q<
P 'Lk, uQu, r=# "~= "^#q Hey Ki<~x J<~ H^!
J\"i J=Q#, OK~O, =O U suQ LO\ =iHO` q<x L#k.
N =+ =i : B# ! r=## =#= J< =`"# zÒ`,
H==, =, "= "^# ^~}=# JkQqOz#"~ D OKO
b=ÒQ #K<~. "i QiOz q=~"# "M#O =~ =~ K@O
J=~". H#H K`# q#.

r=#_ D OK=#O^ OKi#\H, P`_ "^\ , =^, z=~

_ ~#" J~#\ D O~= H Q`# K#C_ ^dOK_.
OK_ . O z# H~=# =Ò f`_ K LO\_. `qÒ^
=^$+ Hey LO\_. ^"## (Outgoing tendency of the senses) `lOz"
LO\_. J`x ^$+ ''Jk O^^ ... H#H Oê Wk W@ H^...g~
`... "~ J` J##=h ~#"# # =`". P`_
L^Q~`_, [# `H~_ LO\_. P`x JO`H~}= ~^ 'q"H= J<
"QK Ht LO@Ok. '*#= J< L=#O "tOz, ZC_ "o
` LO\_. ~=# Jf`"# '|^=# P~Oz#"_, ~
KO^x Q jÒ`H~}#=O O^` LO\_. P =`xH WH_ qHe
J#`=# qQ O`+_Q# KQ#^n LO_^..
WH, D WOk=# PHi# q+= `@_#C_ "\` `=
=^ L#> LO\_. J~` `# ^, ^H} ==# =Ò g__. Q~=,
O= =O\ =z`=# H~=# H#OQ x~i LO\_.
J\ }`# WH ^Y= TH_?
382
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
P`_ ''nxx <# H~H<#... O^# J< W+= î*h_. ''J!
Wk WC_ ZO^ O^#? J< J~+= Hey O__. ~=# "Ô@
#Oz LO\_.
<a##u#^+ # Ku<HVH u I
=# H$`~Oc O~<=û II ( 7, ~ 18)
^xh "zOK_, ^+OK_. H#H P`xH JO`$ LO_^. ^dOK=# x
LO_^ . 'q` + J~, O z# H~H=O^ PH~ ÒQ uOk LO\_.
J_y` LQH~"# "H=< `_. J_QH`, XH ~~Q "Ô_
LO\_. ~ @ =# =Oz LO\_. J~< _, Z=i @ L^H
i`=# =^+= Hey LO__. =$^+ J~, }H@ $^=#
Zy#"_ LO\_. `k`~#Oîx `#HO> "Hx"iQ î LO\_. J<H
HH"# q+=`#, ^$+`# P`#, H`# _# D
H =$Ò`=O` J~Ku LiQO_ = +O Q#, H`~Ò Q#
K LO\_.
=H^=# JOHiOz# =` `= JO`~=# j` |kHey L#"~
<=O`=Q D [Q` H Qu#O`\ h Kz, #=O@ LO\~.
KK" ~=! Z=~` `= z`=# [~Oz "~, D W ~=
~O_\ h Zy LO\~ J\ =` ="q\ h è*#.
=~`= - WH =i HO^~ `= z`=# [~OKO_, q+ Q=
J< |~^ W~Hx LO@<~. =~`= =Oz LO@<~. J\"i QiOz
_, XH\ ~O_ q+ WH_ q#. q#-
J\"iH Jy* =O\ <s=" Q q+OQ `KK#k. ^#=,
Q$= "^# "\ @ Q Ja+K H=, H=, ^Y=, ^~=Q#
"^# P^#x\h `z@ O@<~. J\ "~ [=, Q= =O\
P H~# H` K<~... e`"q\? x~O`~OQ J<H Y^Y ^
# H=@" JQK#k.
W_ K=# ^q\? - F ~=KO^! h= '^"# `yOK|_Q,
J\ ~^$+< J=OaOKe =! 'r=#H`# P~OK. z`_" D
H=#O^ ~Q qiOK.
JO`~OQ=# = P `lOz"~. ~Q=, "# x"_" LO_.
=#=Ò =~= ^~=# <~"~K, D H=# ==i LO_.
F L=# H~}O G 383
KHQ, L`= PK~O#_" LO@<, JO`~=# H~`_" LO_. D

OiH"#, ~=iH"# ^ #x\h KHQ qK~} K~. =`~=Q
'|^=# =# K ^`ÔQ LO_.
JO`~OQ=# P=i`_", xH _" H# PKi
LO_. D ^# |O^ [<^h `QK#C_ H=~^ H~ uOk# \H,
JO`~=# =Ò O` ux q_==^, .. q_==# x^. QeH HO_Q
K@ H^`"Qx, HO_ H^K#^?
|@ J=~" # K@ HO K # \H, JO`~= # =Ò H=##^n
x"_" LO_. xH ~ H~= x~i , JO`H~} =#O^ =Ò ~ =#
JH~", H~`_" D H=# "QK LO_.

F ~~=! D H#|_ ~^~= ~~"q\ h `. D =#
O"^ ~OO h= +OQ H\ OK=. H|\, Uk Z@ '^~x~uK Lz`",
Jk J> x~iOK. J~` D HOk q+O Q~OKH.
H$u" ~, H$u"^Q Q~} I
H$u=~O O~O, H q~, ~= II
F ~"! H$u="# LÒ, H$u="# ~O, H$u="# L^QO, H$u=
xO^, H$u="# H~~OO, H$u= HÔ Hey D HO qiOK. J~`,
JOH~x ~è" z`_ " ~ ^ PHO = a LO_. HO H~ `_",
"~` qhHOQ qiOzO_. WH_ ~O O^ ~H~H P=
#O_ q=_", ~=$Ò^ Jf``=, ===`= =Oz O_. H
=Ò D suQ< D =~= = Q=#, H, *`=# H~=#
K P#O^=OQ D H=# qiOK.

#|O^#"H ^#~=~` I
q^qO^*j O~i=ih II ( 27, ~ 18)
F ~=KO^! ^~xH |OÔ Qx, "HO Qx < =. D H#|_Ô`
'q^ J~#\ WO^* "=O =`". WO^*" D O~ KH= #O`\ h
uCÒk. D OK=O` Ou=`". Wk J*#O K`< U~_@O, H#|_@O
[~QÒk. Q Ô` L#"_H =$Q`$+ u\ h Hx~ KK"?
J*#O` _# Pi H"_ [Q` @ ''WÔ` x[" J# |kx HeOKH#K<_.
384
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
<<! h= P`~_"H^! JOQ=, UH~=, ~"H= J~#\
P` J |O^"\ HQÒ^ KC? |O^" H`, WH "H"H_k? Z=iH?
D |O^, "H, P~ H`*#= #O` =~H U~_K<~.

`` *#O H J=O K`< D q O~ Ou L`#==Òk. XH_
`_# Kz, '= Jx __#H, P O k Z\? 'Jk `_ =`"
Jx Z~Q@ K`< H^! `` *#O K` =`" D O~Ou L= #O O^Òk.
~ "! h= W\H h H;|kK` P``` =# Q OK=. JOH~~ `_
==. WH, PH= = x~_" K<O^=. ~ ^ ~ =# H = H~ _"
LO_=. |O^q` QiOz# ~"## xtO`Q `lOz"~. ZO^HO\"?
J` =# |O^q`^ QiOz zO` =~" J=Òk '` =_= JQ
h= J`HO>, Jq^HO>, "\ ~ H~= HO> qH}"#"_= =!
Jq^H~}O K` x# q# ''<# |O^= H"_# .. |^_# J##\
"## H=H=OQ `lOz"~. D Q=`#, Q^#\ |O^q`^
`#, D H#|_ [Q` ^~=`#, H~`# P` U=Ò O|OÔ
^. h= P`" J~ L<=. WH ^xHO ZO^ iÒKe?
P``` "H> ~"#k. 'J\~ ==< <# J# ^$_ |k Hey# `~"`
hHH "OÔ@Ok? [Q^=K h= cu ZO^ KO^ KC? K`#^$+`
ijeOz K D |O^ [# J L`#" J~ LO_^. WH Y ^Y=
q\? i`"O^?

XH" ''P` x`" J~ LO_=K QH! Hx, OQ= O^Òk. `^~
^YO O^K#k H^! Jx JO\"" ? WH_ XH q+ O h= =YOQ Q=xOK.
h= W`~O LO_ L<=. qHO _ LO_=K<=. ...~,
WC_ LO_< L<=. h |O^= _ JO` H^!... J\ x` ==Q P`#
Zy# `~"` WH Y^Y, ''## JkH == K>H_k?
=~H q+O - WC_ D =~=#HO h qOQ HxOK |O^=#
}=#OQ qOz, "i H~ ^d<=, Q< L#k! =i, h Q_z~#
[# =>q\? P [# O|OkOz# |O^= QiOz _ ^d
~O@<"? W\ D |O^= _ q+` J\"~H^! H|\ J\"i
H~ iÒ O^@O Lz`"\ J=Òk?

F L=# H~}O G 385
WH =#O D r= H XHi` =~HiH U~_K# =# H O|O^= #

K=#H... =<^$+` K h=, h |O^ = ~O ""Q L<~. WC_?
WC_ _ ""Q< L<~. WH _ P qÔQ< LO\~. D =~OQ
JO` ije D '|O^Ò J#|_k HeH=x, "^ = Jx è
=KK#k. J\ g~ QiOz `=x #q ZO^ HOKe?
h, D uH s~O ^$ K^=? ~O L#"~ WC_ ~ . WC_#"~
=O^ =O^ LO_~. J, O~" h@ H} O KKO_Q, =^ D O^"
QiOz ^dOK@"q\? D qÔQ ''P` OQ= U~~KO\Ok Jx J#
#C_ _ h= Z=i QiOp HOK=# x^. WH JOQ=Q '@ P`
QiOz QOK"... WH h ''^dOK=# x^ Jx "~ K< JH~^.

H|\ D == [Q` q+O J HOK@O U=`= HO
H^. '[ O`+ =$ux J=OaOK@" LzÒ. Uk K= =KK#\H,
J=h xiOQ x~iOK. Hx, [OQ< P#O^ ~_=Q h= ZC_
[ O`+=$ux J"@KH.
=QK^d`H H$`*Q`H" I
`^==k`H HOH~#=~#" II ( 42, ~ 18)
D OKH ^~=K h= Y^Y= # H=# <q ^.
~` =~= JOK@K =h D Y^M# JkQqOz"<~.
~=` ~", =~_ H^! hO^ _ P`_ =~_ "Oz L<_x
QOK.
F ~=KO^! h= J#O`_=. '` ~_=. PH= = ~ "_=.
~` H="# *u~_" "QKO_Q WH, JO^H~=# K>H_k?
^ ~_=Q hO^ Y^M^ |O^`, J|O^`^ LO_@"q\?
h" ~$^= O^ L#"_" XH Ô_x ^~OQ H;~=#
JO`\ "Oz L<=. J~`, JuH;=Q h ~= D ~ [Q`^~=
O^ "Oz L#\H, Jk ^$+H =Ò QKiOK@^.

J*x =~ =~ [## O^K<_. *x, g\x "\ h O^@

^. *x D s~^K [xOK_. Wq #tOz#C_ `# #tOK_. P`_ D
OK ux Kz "OK_. *#|=K ~^ Y~_Q< LO\_. P!
386
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
D O~=O` x~O`~O ^M~" J*#=K`< q~=QK#k H^! Hx
~=! h= =Ò '*xQ< J~ LO_e =! ''< [<^ LO_= Jx
QOK@" [#~Ò.
D H#|_Ô` = =`"... = = HH =~H ~"H_#k?...
O HxOK "\H `" ~O Qx, WH =~ ^~O` Jq `~=`~
KC?... qHe H=O`" @~O Hey , = =`" J~# D
[Q` ~H=O`_Q P ~=` H H J~ L#k.
""xH D OKO XHxH =~H_ |O^=Qx, `=Qx H<~_. D
`, q` L^#O` H#QÒ Q 'D~ K K`< Oq OKK<~. D [Q`
`~_ ==~=O` [=x `~OQQ XH^xH =~H\ H~}=Q J<H
O@#` Z\HC_ z<a#=QK#k. W\ D [Q`# =##O K, ^dO
K"~ = ^$+ J=H ~=O\"~ =`".
K#j=Q O~ KHO x~O`~O #O_ HO^ , HO^ #O_ H u~Q_`<
L#k. ~Ox r= XH<H\H #~HO K~K<~. #~HOx r= ~xH
"K<~. XH_ XH nO =ê =~H nO "tOK#> D r=O` XH
Lkx =ê =~H Lkx P~OKK<~. W\ He`"# J"= [Q`
==~= H~ HO^~ =|^Q r= Òx HO J#q<~.
=i "iH <<q, Z\ Ke?
XHC_ =n~ J@ W@ OKi# "~ =~HC_ Ju n#Ò O^
K<~. n# =n~QK<~. `#= LùK D r= `= `"
q= =# HeOKH#K, OK#= O^K<~. ntY ~ H~O LO@O^?
D O~KH= #O^ _ Un Z#\H 'XH ~= Hey LO_@^. D O~
^$+ U~_ L#O`=~ K` = Qx, ^Y~`= Qx U r=# _ ^ _k
H^. J#H}O '=~ KO^KO_ =OQ D q+= @ Wk = W@
LO_e... Jx J#Hx Z=_ YO O^Q_ KC? JO^K`, ~=! D OKO
`~_ ''<k, < KOk#k, hk, h KOk#k, "ik, "iH KOk#k "^#=h
"H#"_ ~O_= KO^x KK#@, H=O = K` =`" J@ Jx<~.
WO^ U=`= OÔ^. JO^K` D ''<#, ''h=, D`_ < "_, P`_
`= J##\ q^^$+h h @ #tOK QH. J~` P J#=#
==~ ~o H=# J=~"#k H#H, WH_ ==~``~`# b=ÒQ
=# =`" J=OaOK. h |O^=Q L#"i @ ....
F L=# H~}O G 387
P`^$+K K`#=` ~Q#, HH ^$+K h P H~== Q#

qOK... JO`Qx, XH Q_^Q xx ~=h HeOKHx =uH"#
#qH`, D O~ O@=O^ H# ``~=` _# |kx
O^=^. x~}=Q ^Y=#, "<~=# `z@H=^. "##
H~O* Q H# qK~}# ^Q P~~Q, D O~~O OQ
~`"Q^.
JO |O^ JO<-u Q}< K`< I
L^~Ki`<O` qQ`=~}=n II
''D`_ |O^=, D`_ `= J< ^^$+O` J|k H"iH LO@Ok.
L^~Ki` J\ iz#^$+Qx, P=~}H"# |kQx LO_^. "~, ''D
~= #O^ <# LO_< L<#.. D ~= ~^ < O^ L#k J# x=
Q n~|k Hey LO\~. H#H< "i@ ~ P=~} (All Limited perceptions)
`y`<~.
<"u#Kû t^H=#< I
~OOu qÒ^ II ( 63, ~ 18)
J\ A# WH Lù q<#= LO_=. P`_ 'PH= = =`~"#
~= Hey, ~ qH= #tOz#"_ z`_ LO\_. PH=# ZH_
LO_ D `=# gHOKK#@ P`_ D [Q`^~=#, [##, O@##
zkOQ, "== JfÒQ K LO\_.
F ~=KO^! D OK=#Q r= *`h D r=# O^=. ZO^
HO\"? P`_ J<H "k [# Zu LO\_. u r=*u# J`_ J<H
=~ [xOz LO\_. WH P`x *u Uk? P`x *u Hx^k? H#H '<# D
*uH KOk# r=_# Jx `K@ = H^ KC? q^=# qz` [#=`
Q_# D [Q`#O^, ''D`_ < |O^= D`_ < `= J##Ô` q^ ^$+
~=#< OuQ q[$OaOk. ""xH K D =H=Oê r=
r==^$+K h |O^= J~ L<~. "~ r=.... h= rq"H^! JO`H^.
ur=_ J<H r=*` [# O^K< L<_. WH |= ^$+`
KK".... h" "~Oî ~=Q JQK<=. H|\ h "~ Hx "~=~?
D q+O p#"# H^ XH@#k. W^~ J#^= O"^=K
''|O^`= J#|_#k O He`"# K=`~" Jx x~~O|_Ok.

388
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
2. #^M~O
*O|nO Q XH ~Ò 'n~`_ J< =h~_ LO_"_. P`_
L^~ =#_. |*# O#_, =è _. P`xH W^~ =~
LO_"~. "i ~ }_, =#_. QOQ#k X_# XH P=O xiOKHx,
P`_ `# W^~ H_`#, ~`# OÒQ ~A Q_` LO_"_.
HO`HO Q_z # `~ "` P`x W^~ =~ ^" _# }_ J=O
K` '|*x J_. Hx, ~O_="_Q =#_ =Ò HO` QOz, =iHO`
QOKH qye L<_. P`_ '~ |^= O^H=@O K` =~=Ô<
"_` LO_"_.
P qÔQ J<H O=`~ ^~~. J^$"# ~O` r= P=# H}
H}O qOy" =O Q HO Q_zyOk. n~`# =O^ xO_~. XH
<\H P`xH D O~= u~~~H"# |k \Ok. #~"# r= K`#
@H, ~Q=, JH` O@#, "~H=, =$`=, "^QQ qq^
^="#, x~"# =$Ò`= K`# xO_ LO_, OH~ PH~= Hey#
D O~= ux `lOK_. Q|O` "~H=K [i`"# `# uHÔ
`lOK_. H< ~`=, q+= #\k, x`k` K`< ~=, ~Q^+
~`= J~#\ '|^= #O^ "tOK_. ZO` HO, ~# q =#
P`x ~ _ |== Ok#^ `# ~# J#iOzOk. =#"# uH
^$+H "i^~ J, JQK~ J~.
Kx~# èÒ_ uH^ }_ ^#= "^# JO`H
i K_. [K x`x`= ZyO_@K P`_ ^`ÔQ `# ^#
~<^# H#yOKQ_. Hx =#_ =Ò èÒ_# Q@H#
^YO #O_ |HO q_=_H _. JÒ` ^MHO`"# =#` P
P=O K@H Q J~}O zzQ OKi qOKQ_. Wk Q=xOz#
}_ XH~A =#x `# H# ~@Hx D qÔQ O+OKQ_.
}_ : `=_! J*x" D qÔQ ZO^ iÒ O^K<=? h=, <#,
<#Q~, J= XHK@ ~x J<H~ KiOz# P` qh =~z"?
h= Q èqQ"_" H^! =# J= <# ZH_H "~ KC ? " '|^= #
O^~. P |" ~ r= xO H^! |"` ~O _ J^.
~O Ok# " QiOz ZO^ ~k<" KC?
F L=# H~}O G 389
=#_ : J<! =## Hx, Oz, ^K# J= <# =# H=O^ #Oz

=", Z\ "o~? P Q=O`_H =#O UO J<O K=x D zx
K_ KC?
}_ : ''D`_ < Ò_, D" < è J# ~= Q =#h L`= `=
@ L^#`, qK~} H~=_@O, J*#O... H~}OQ< L^~<~. HOK`Qx
"\ QiOz h= H<=. ''QuOz~#, QuOz q+ QiOz HOz
"=#k KC?
`=_! ''n~`_ < Ò_, P`x ~ < è Jx q<=... Q<
LOk. Hx, ""xH "~ =`" h èÒ_? H^. ZO^HO> h= WO`
=O^ "k [# J<H =Ok èÒ_# Ok<=. J^qÔQ "~
_ `= W`~ [# "k=Okx `= a_Q Ok<~. H#H,
''h=, <# =`" "iH Ò J#@O =~" J=Òk. W\^ uXH r=x
H uXH O|OÔ _ !
qÒ^==$<x [<~#x[#x I
|`=$`=f`x x==`~ II ( 34, ~ 19)
u[## D r=# ZO^~ |O^=, q`, iK HQK<~.
''==O K`< <# < èÒ_ QiOz H<# Jx h= J#^KHO>,
=i, h= h QuOz~# [#x è Ò_ QiOz, |O^= QiOz ZO^
HOK@^ <# `H=K?
=#_ : x[", h= K^x "==Ok. J~` D ^$O =~ =~
=Ok, Òk. WÔ` ZH_ #O_ =z _Òk?
}_ : = \Q h |ê"O> '[Q` H# J*#" H~}O.
'J*#= K`< D ^$=O` H\ ` = =@O, Z^~Q xez LO_@O, q OK @O
[~QÒk.
^~xH h q`Qx, ^~ Qx, `k`~ |O^= Qx ~. Z]\
ZO_ He`# Z_ix WH k| h LO\? |==Q PÒ^
[#= ^. =~}= ^. WH, h Hx# ^#^#~[ q==, S#",
Hx", J#|O^=... W=h =` _# OiH ^$+H =`" `~
_K<~. Q, W=h_, =_ <=K> H^! ''Wq < H= Jx
q]gQO` @^... g\ ~HH! JO^K`, ^~! H ~=~^$+K `x
qKiOK. D ''<# <k hk J# ==~=O` H=O H# J~ L#k.
390
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
JO`Hx, "=O =Ò H^. WC_ =# W~=i =^ U~_=# J#|O^=#
q*# ^$+K ikOK=#H, ''h <# Qx, < h= Qx U XHH}=O^ _
= Jx è=Ok. JO^K`, ''Ox =*O =O\k, = K`
=`" J#= =Q#k J~#\ D ''h=, <# "^# = h h $^ OOz
=O^Q ~è"~.
=#_ : =i D r= [# =$`= OQ`q\?
}_ : ''Wk #tOKK#k, Wk [xOKK#k W@=O\ ^$+ h OH=`
~O Ok# =K` =`" h=O^ =<~. =~ =~ q[$Oa<~.
JO`Hx JÔ` "="#k H^.
'^+`= J# Hq+=# _ H~Q P` XH<H `~}O J*#
`=K PKk`" LO\Ok. Z_i =$Q`$[O H#|_ÒkK_. J\Q
'', J H~ J< KOK, "#~H"# `~OQ D J#O` O~
Q~O Q i< ~. " PHx H " # @, OiH =# P`Hx
H"<~. J~` "= Hq#O` =Ò K` PHO O_ Ò^?...
^. D =h U~_=K, H =~HC_ `y=K. x~"# z^H=
Z\> J"=Q, JYO_=Q ~^ LO_ LO\Ok.
z^H" hH, <H, =# J=, <# H "= ~O.

3. O|OÔ^== Jf``=
H`HOK"qÒ H=`HK#" I
|^"=^< "` [#O= II ( 1, ~ 20)
}_ : `=_! =#_! è Z=~? Ò_ Z=~? q`=~? |O^=
Z=~? Q Qe gO> ô Ok KK"! D J<H r= O|O^= P ô
x "~ "~ ~}= H q O|O^==O\q =`".
u r=# `k`~ r=O` P r=x H '|k, OuK HeOK|_#"~
L<~. P` ~Q, ^+, "=# P~OKK#C_ ''g~ |O^=, g~
q`, g~ ` J#"\` _# D OKO qiO *K#k.
XHxx Kz <# ''W`_ < O|OkOz#"_ Jx OHeOz#C_ =`"
J`_ < |O^= JQK<_. J\ HO_, ''P`_ J"#"_, =u~H,
^+O^y#"_ J# ~O Q =u~H=#K `= JQK<_. =<=Ò
F L=# H~}O G 391
K`< q+= J=$`= Q#, J=$`= q+= Q# JQK#k. D O~= H

, u, Qu _ H=O 'qOK@ J# Hq+= K`< OqOk.
~^=O^ UH~=# "QK#\ '~"Q P` ''W`_ <
|O^=, W`_ < q`_ J# H# Z\ LO@Ok? ZH_ LO@Ok? h"<, <<<
D ~H =O qH` _# JO[~ s~==? H^. D ^Q$O =#O
P~OKO Qx =#O D ^=O H= =! JO^K` HOKO UHOÒ
~x ''K`< =_# <H ^~ ~= U" L#k...? Jx h z`= <
qK~} K_O ~OaOK.
~=~=Q ''^ K`# ^$+` D ^$=# P=QO ij# K_O
[iy`, JC_, '' '=#_ J#|_ h= Qx, '}_ Jx =|_K# <# Qx
D ^~OQ < = Jx è =Ok. ^= @ 'Wk <# J# ~= Q
Ja=#O, q^ *#O U~_O_@ K`< D =# ~h D qÔQ q[$OaOz,
~<~. D H#|_ "k "~~ s~=h 'H# K`< Hx<~ Hx,
W=h `Q L#q H=.
=#O uH ^$+K , H, ''^ ^$+ K ije WH_ #~" # k Hx^=#k?
WH_ è Z=~? J~#"_=_? Hx"_=_? q`_=_? `"=_? D Z^~Q
H#|_K# '^= J# L^ Jf`", H=`" L#\ 'K`# ^$+
J=~K<=#H... JC_ J#O`~ =Q 'z^` =`" LxH Hey JQ O k.
J\ z^` O^ ''Wk <k, Jk hk J< Ô LO@O^? LO_^. XH =^
`~OQxH U `~OQO U `~OQxH `=? U `~OQO U `~OQxH q`_? L#Ô`
[" H^!
=#_ : J~` J<!. D |^ W=. =<|k JOH~= J#|_
H; ``" <# H^! J\ =<|^ ''D`_ < J# Jx h= aOKK<"?
=i ''` q`, |O^= Hx"~ ~x h= Z\ J#Q=? [# Ok#\
#O_ U~_# |O^=# ''g~ < "~ Jx J#H=@O H^~" H^! "ix
^suQ |O^`~HOQ HeyO_@O ZO^ =zÒ H^?
}_ : h= Kk Q< L#k. J~`, <k =~H . Hx O=`~ HÒ
=`" [#K U~_K# D O|OÔ^== t~^~"#x J#OÔ....
=i, W`~O Q_z# J<H [# |O^ q` ^<^ =>q\? J=h JH_H_
=ê =z#O^ WC_ ^d ~O@<"? D =~=# [# _ Z<<
J#|O^ U~_@O, =~ H=K qOy"|_@O [~QÒk H^!
392
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
Uk U"<, W=h _ Hx O=`~= `~"` HÒ [#x q
Q< ~~Ò H`<~ H^! D q+O h=Qx =~H~Qx XCHH
`^. J~`, Z\HC_, P =~=# =Ox |O^ q` ``^ x#
"O*<~. Wk Q=x<"?
Z\HC_ =z ` LO_ D O|O^= ~O~ ^xH~ iOKe?
^x H~ ^dOKe? JO^=# =K [#O Uq LO@Ok? D JÒ` He`" # \
J<H |O^q`^ HO^~ =~}^ Ok#O^ ^dOK@O, =iHOî
=$kx Kz OÒK@O W^<, =# x? =#O WO^H [x<=? =#O D
Ô` @\xH =#=O^ W=h <= H^!
`=_! =~H =@ h= WO`HÒ =$Q*` [xOz L<=. J#Q,
"@Oî h |O^= L<~. =i P =$Q= "\_|_K#C_ h=
^dOK@ ^q?
=#_ : J~ LO_=K<"! J~` J=h W\ < ^$+Ô = H^!
}_ : J=#! P suQ< D =~=# O|O^^h XH\H h ^$+ÔOz
`y`<~. ur=_ '=$H=, O=, e, K "^# J<H ~=#
Z`K, Z< |O^`=# O^@O, `lOK@O K< L<_. J~` UO? Z\
HC_ =~=# H# O^ x=Q=QK, 'J <<H J ^Y ^ rqx Jx
^Y= `z@ O@<_. JO`~O Q=#O^ P`^$+ U~_#O` =~ D ==~
=OuH JO` ^.
J<H [# K=`~O - ''` ^#= Q=`\H= [#OQ
< Oz# xt` ^$+K <# K_QQK#\ h ~[# Hx =$Ò`#
K|`# q#-
h= ~O XH<HC_ ''^~= J# ~Q Ô XH Hu" \=. P
`~"` ''`~ J< =~H Ô ~[=~_" \=.
WOH, =iHx q K=<"? J~` q#-
XH_ HÔ XH }_Q rq aH@# K LO_"_q. =OQ
Ô '\@Q J<H K@# P~OK=. XHK@ Q]OQ \ J<H ^
= "t Oz _H ` J<H =$`^ =# $tOK=. =~HK@ XH `\K@

`] ~QQ rqOK=. ^=Q#, `Q# \ L<=. =~HC _ =
x XH HO_tY~OÒx XH W~H# K@ ~OQK~ Q ~QQ \=.
=~H K@ < `Q [xOz, XH\ #~ O=`~= Q_=. P `~"` XH
F L=# H~}O G 393
KO_ H# `_" [xOK=. P `~"` WH_ n~`#, JO> =# Ò_H

D qÔQ =~_" [xOK=. WOH KO> D [O|nO< J<H r=
*` J<H =~ @@O, K=@O x~iOz L<=.
q^"#\ ''H;|kK < a# 'OH^~#= J# =OK` h
K#Ô` <# Z^~Q K_QQK<#. J<H [# K# P L`=
`= [#OQ < D k= ^$+ OzOk. < _ J*#u
J<H [# Q_z~. *<a=$k H~H P OQu _ q#.
<# _ HQ#, HQ#, =$Q=# "\_ "@QxQ#, =OQÔ
XH K@Q#, qO^ ~` OÒ XH XO>Q#, HOQQ#, XH ~AQ#,
eQ# [xOK@O [iyOk. k Q^Q L<#. XH =O^ OOQ
rqOK#. HO`HO XH KH< Q H@x rqOK#. =~ =~H Ô
XH =O XH =O_nxH =~_Q \ J<H=Okx O `#O
K~OK#. < ^+"xH uOQ P [# <# HOîK OiOK|_#
_! P! UO Ke! aH_ WO\O\H "o H|O HO HH "#@ <# J<H
L^ "t OK#. =~ WO`< x+ qOK#. W@=O\ JOMH" # `H
[## <x_ +OQ OiOKQQK<#.
H|\ `=_! h < _ WO` =O^ ZO^~ èÔ_, ^~,
`, |O^ = "~ "~ Q U~_, `~ "` =~C_ H=K Z@H f|_~ .
WH D =~=#Ox =xî J#^= O|O^= _ J@=O\^. D Q_z~#
JOMH"# O|O^ "\ "\ H~ O`+OKe? "\ "\ H~ ^dOKe?
=#_ : J< ! B# ! x["...!
}_ : h= Z=i HO ^dOK=#h ^. ZO^HO\"? [Q` ` J\k.
J#<`~x ##<=`~ I
WOi}OOO =#^~=` II ( 33, ~ 20)
=#=Oê =$H~= = O~r= =Q =# ZO^~ O|On
OqOK~, OqOK =K<~.
HO=}=`` ^Y`YK I
``~Oi`[ u=KÒQ` II ( 34, ~ 20)
D `Ò Q=O` ''Wk Y=, Wk ^Y= J# =#` iHOK^ KH<"...
WH D Y^Y= JO` ZH_? H#H, h= D ^$^$+x, nx =# HQK#
H=# i`lOK! =#O WC_ x~`=< P~OKÔ.
394
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
=^#O - D OK=O` =# Z^~Q #k H^! J~` ''WÔ`
=#< JO= ~OQ L#k Jx PÀ KCK<~. Wk "~, Jk
H"e, "~ ="~ H^, U^ Oê "^# `K ^$=^# q_z \,
PÀ J#iOK =~O =#O ZO^ J#iOK~^? J^ =# ~O,
JO` Qx, P q+ QiOz =##O K, ^d H# K@O
UO LzÒ? D OKO ''[# L#u `#O J# H~= XH ^ KH= H
i=}O Q Jx"~OQ H#QK<~. W@=O\ Ju KOK"# O~
uQ`# @x =#O ZO^ "_e? "\ U^ ZO^ ^=_e?
JO^K`, = J== Jf`", uQ`K =e#~K*x q+=Q
''P` QiOK =#O =^#=#" qK~} KÔ. JO`Qx, =#O =_zÒ
H_^ . =~O Q ^$=< P~OK ^K= WH n#`=, <~ =, J*#=
=`" aOK O` *~==Ok.
*# K~, J*# K~ - `=_! ^~xH h è Qx, Ò_ Qx
~. ^Y= =. [# =. ZO^HO> h= Jx ==O^ '^`
~=Q Hey L<=. h "~Q D [# Qx, D ^= Qx =.
J~` J*# WH_ ^$=x '`=, ~= Q=xOK@O^. "~ `= D
O~ ` J<H H ==~=# x~i '"^ J` = J~# ==~=
O^ ''Wq ZO` ~=O`"#q J# |kx U~~KHx QiOKK<~.
WH `` *#OK<~O\"? "~ L^# '`` _# z`= Hey
LO@<~. P Oz# H~=# OQ~` <~"~K<~. D ~=#
H=O H=` LO@<~.
~u@ Qk nO "eyOH^! P "Q Qk == Hx<~.
P n=# ''g\H "Q W=@O < W+O. W=O> < W+O LO_^. JO^K`,
gxH <<O^ "Q W"e? J# ~Q=` _# H~ $à=#= L#^? ^.
h= _ P H H~=QK#C_ Ja=#~`_", JH~" LO_. `À
P qÔQ< D OKO qi<~. XH ^~}O P Z^~Q L# ==
uaOa# \H, P uaOa` =* = H ^~ =# ^~ }= O^Ò^?
^! J\Q, `= O^ J^" LO@# P H~=#, ==~O|O^=#
Q=x, x~i _, *#, `=H P``=#, P` ^~=# `lOK~.
''JYO_=Q P` < ~= J# ^$_"# ^K '^$`^`= J#
^+=# ^~OQ q_z"<~.
F L=# H~}O G 395
JO^K` `=_! 'WK J<~ O` U~_K# HO H=# =O^Q `lOz"~.

h $Ô OQ q"H|OK P`=# HìO*H. 'P` ux ~^
P~OK. D O~=# "Ô@ `lOz"~. D ^$==~=O` `lOK
|_Q, WH J\H _ +OK|_ LO_ ~==K O`+_" LO_.

P qÔQ }xK kO|_# =#_ ~^=O q HtOK

<~OaOK#@Q qH` $^__. |HO J#^=e^~ ~~
r=#O` *#q*# ~OQ`<~. HH=OQ JYO_=, Jkf= J~#\
x~}= Jk+OK~. #< ìy ~#\ nOQ "o^~ =<=#=#
O^~.

4. ^"# zH`
N=+=i : KK"! }_ K#@Q<, u r=xH W`~" J<H ^,
J\ u ^=# O|OkOz J<H =Ok |O^q`, Jq`^ LO_ LO\~.
"i Z=ix `lOKe? Z=ix QOKe? ''J D r=# H=, "=
ZH_ #O_ kQ=u JQK<~? J< q+ O "= ikOKO. ''JO`~O Q=x
`$+ Jx qH<O. JO^K` Ou OÔ> `$+# [~OKe.
J\ HO_ Z\HC_ P q+=# He` ==~=# P`
_Hx P~`, P <xH JO`H_? Ou Z\H KC? H>
"# Hn Jy [e< LO@OkH^! q+ zO`# K`< D OiH ^`
=$k KO^`<~. q+ zO`# H` ^M^ _ LO_=.
^ "# - ''U^ Oê, WOH^ H"e, U"" WOk q+= K
=`" L=#=, ^, JO` JOu, `k`~ aOK =h < aOKe,
< KOk#q `k`~ aOK_^ - W\ J<H ^"## D r=_ Hey
LO@<_. P =~O Z#\H Ou? H#H h= ''^ "< `Q= J< ~Ô
Jk~OK. H~ }^$+` , L^~ z`= ` `k`~ r=~x\h îOz ~ `^
Hey# "_" D H$` ==~=# PKi=O_. JO`Qx, WH_ ^ ^$+
O^ `^Ò KO^=^. ''^ "<~Ò P~Oz#"x u 'u J=Òk.
J\ u x~ x= Lk~` u. q"H=, ~=~^# `# "O@
x_x, D [Q`#O^ qiOK"_ WH_ "`_ H_. P`xx O^h =ê
396
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
"=K QH! |O^= |+iOK=KQH! P`_ ^#= O^_. ~"#
``=# J=îOKQ_. *x H ^$+, J=Q#K U~_ ^~=# qOz#
O^ Qx, [#= Qx ~. P^ =O u uQ` x
"`=~}O =## ~HOKk J^. JO^K` h= *x" LO_.
F ~=! D ''q+= J< P^ #O_ x# h" =<`H"e. "~Q=
K`#, ^#= K`#, =`~"# L^~= "^Q Q}= K`#
P`^~}H L^_= H"e. q+ `Q= K"i z`= =O =`~
~O O^Òk. J\ z`= kOK e`"q@O\"? D =H=x
~`~ Qx, `k`~ S~=h Qx aOz#\H, P x~ z`= =O^
kQ^_. ''|, ~, ~, ~, QO^=, O@# @ U~~KH# Px~
g\< 'q+= Jx JO@<O. q+ `Q= KH =@K`< D O~
Hx r= =~ =~ T~, J^Q`#, [##=~}=# O^K<~.
eÒQ "i =# ^Y==Q LO@<~.
J^ =# |*#=K i~"#C_ WH D H=O` J=$`==Q
H#_K#k. ^~H îOz #_K"xH @h K~O ~z#@ LO\~ H^!
J~` XH q+O P =O Qx =# =`" "~Q= H =
K` '~Ò O^Òk. P ZH_ LO@O^ JH_ ''^YO "O J< =e<
LO_< LO\~. P J< "<`QO K# "i $Ô 'O, ^#O
LO_=. JQ ==x [O #O KQ qye# #=ÔQ Jk
O`= O^K#k. `$+# [~Oz 'O`=, "~Q=` _Hx L#C_,
D $Ô aOk. WK~`, |*#=K ~Q"~ D =H=#
`$}OQ K<~. D [#==, ``|O^= Q^[OQ#,
XH '=H= _ J~ x=+=Q# H#@Q^. WK~`xO^ =#
HxOK j` =`= =# = ~`Qx, ~ KO^xO^Qx,
KO^# =$H=O^Qx, J~\ `@Qx aOK^ =! J`x O^Q O``#
H~Q~O`<, [Q<` H;^q # =^#O`< =K<"!
D JO`H~}=# H+Ò K#^k?... ''P J# K"! D zÒ H
P, ^k iOz L<x QOK. P èyOK|_#C_ W^ z`=
|" "QO^K#k. ZC_` P ~, ~`=` =~H}O
JO` =O^\ J ^~O _ |q~"# XH = =$HOQ ``kH
YQ qiOk. "~Q_, WOk=# [~Oz"#"_, P #tOKQ
F L=# H~}O G 397
^~= =Oz#"_, JQ r=_ L`"`="# ^=# `# `< Jk~_.

P`xH =~H~=~ =z kOK=O^q LO_^.
JO! - F ~"! D r=_ H#H qÒ`H~}_, z`=$` K@
W=O_ L<_#H ... WH D [#H~ "^Q "\ QiOz ^ LO_=. D
z`= =$u~`" ''Jz``= OkO^, WH D r=_ ~=Q "H ux
Ok#"_ J=`_.
zO`# K@=< '=$u Jx JO@<O. J\ z` =$u 'P K`< =$`
=Òk. HêOK|_Òk. 'P J< z` =$ux [~, D r=_ `H ''z`~`
uH J~` O^`_.
Uk U =$u` _Hx LO@O^ Jk P =$u H ''J== K`< x=$u
J=Òk. H#H z`=# LqO*_xH ''=~Ò H ''"f`"#
H = H= Ò J ~"e. D ''`, q`, H q+ = QiOz ~ H~#
=ê "e. WH qk-^~= JO\".... J=h P, x~, "^#, ^+ ^~#O
=O\ ^+==K $tOK|_x |k` L<=O` x~iOK|_ QH!
F a~! P J#|_ O~ |O^=# q_<_, z`=# =H`= "
#_ L# QiOz zOKO_. =# LO_ ^+ P P` |O^#=#
HeOKK<~. J\ ^+ P Lq Oz# `~ "` WH =_ Hx"_ Z=_O\_?
H#H H=H==Q P `lOz" LO_O_. Ô> |e KH=iQ JH`Q
Ô OÔ_. i~"# *#=$ux J=OaOKO_.
N~=_ : =s! ''P` `` =K#= J# `= H H$~ =OuK
"=O` ^# =`<O. x~=Q P` Ô #O^ qOu O^K<O. $^ O
'`$+ J< xa_O^H~O LqOk.
q k="# =K#= qO@#Hn WOH q<xOk. q~ |e KH=i
JH`Q k`_<_x J<~ H^! P =$Ò`= è*=x i<#.
`= =O\ =` '^ J< J=$Ò =iO *@O J@ Z~Q~ H^!

398
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
IV. |e KH=i
1. Ki` K~}O
N =+ =i : F ~~=! |e KH=i =$Ò`"H\ KCK<#. Wk qO>
`"# '`` #=O J=Q# ~Q^.
D |O_=# XH<H k #O^ qH J^QO ` HO
L#k. Jk HO_O` PH~OQ ^#=K `k`~ `r=K "" L#k. XH<H
=O P ` H=# q~K#_ J# "x =~_, |e KH=i, `-
H=# PHqOz ~["` LO_"_. J`_ `# H, `Q x~`K q+
Q"#x ~H} Ok<_. JO^K`, P`x ~ qO>< ^=`^ _
_"~. P`_ ^=` Ô_u "ix [~Oz, "i q==# OÒ K<_.
"ix J^ iq`Q K"_.
K HO Q_z~Ok. XH =O P |e KH=i $Ô "~Q
~H" # ij# [xOzOk. Wk W\ LO_Q, P`_ XH ~A "oH |^~_.
i"~x, ~*x =ê XO@iQ J@#Oz "~~ ` tY~ OÒx XH x~#+
Ô K~_. XH<H J# Ô M#_ WH zOKQ_ -
|eKH=i (`#) : ~HO \#. ` K H+_ ZO` H OkOK#.
^=`# _ Q[Q[_OK#. ^~=Q HK~"i =HO Z< [,
Q^ x~iOK#. WC_ D ` HO ~[ "K<#. ZO` HO
D =H q~O? J<H"# J^` H~ x~iOK#. JO` Q< L#k Hh, D
q ~[= =# < Uq [#O? P*OK\ ^ `=
^=` Ô_`\, - "i q==# =@H@x `HO K~\ -
`k`~ ~KH~= W=h _ z# P@x He` q+=Q L<~.
Zx Q= ZO` J#q =Ò "\ U=#k `H`? W=h x[=Q
Y ^=? H< H=. D Q= 'JqK~} K`< ~=}OQ `KK<~.
x*xH WH_ <#j= Hx^k? J^ Q... J^ ~u... J" J##=.
P! D qÔQ Ki`K~}=Q KO^ J<H~ =~=~ KO@`<O.
J#qOzO^ =~ J#q<O. P` *#Q =` D P#, PK##,
=~## Kz #=O@<~! D uH"# ==, ~[=, "^Q "\x
F L=# H~}O G 399
KKHx ''J! "= ZO`\ "~O! Jx =i@"q\? HO "~H

Qux O^ ''D Q |O^q` =Q= D HOèOQ< W=h
P_H< P@ =O\" H^! ~#"# D HH=O^ Zx ~A
x+[#OQ Q_z`<~? ZO` P+ =$^ J=Òk! |k=O`_#"xH
WÔ` KO> 'Q JxOK^? WÔ` =~==~" H^!
[O `~OQ ~O Ok, =~ P `~OQO [~O JQK#@ W`~
H < D [# ^ ^ O^K<~. WO^ H`k , J^`" # k JO@ U=#k?
z"_ ''Uq\ [#O? Jx zOKO_< u~E U"" H
K#>, <# _ D ~[, Y, Q H^# P~<#. ZO^? g\
H~ ~`=Qh, H$`H$`=Qh U"< L#^? #_, Ou aOK#_
g\ = UO [#O? H#_ H#_O_ D H~ <# ZO`HO PKiOKe?
nxH JO` ZH_?
^~xH D H#_Ô` = #" H^! "="#n, `"#n L=#
HiH"#n D =H == U^< L#^? ^! D Ju q~=Q
H_# D r= =\=\H ^Y= H~H =~=Q P~OKK<~!
^xx Ok# `~"`, WH H~==O@ Uq LO_^ J\ L`= ~~O
WH_n HxOK@ ^. D `K=Q q+Y=HO> L`="#^n WH_ ^?
~... D q+O QiOz qKiÔ...!

W\ K# K< |e KH=i ^#x+__. P `~"` =~ H#=
qO K zOKQ_. P`x U" PK# `# "i~. W`~
O~=, `# qx L#\ ~ $uÔ "e~. J~` "\x P`_
=#~OKHH_. W`~ PK#h H\ \ XHC_ `#, `# Ò_
q~K#xH [iy# XH O+}# $u ÔH `Kx ijeOKQ_.

2. XH\ |e q~K# O"Ô

|e: Ò_! D W~ H q+h P=QO è L#"~, =`,
`` "`, Q"^ Q"~# q=# Hx q+ J_y `H"#O@<#.
^K J#QOKO_.
D [Q` J<H ^$==~=, H~H== `~ _ K<~. ''Y
J# =$Q`$+x ==~OQ, WH_ `~_ J<H O@#, ==~=
400
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
= =`" H^! W=h ^YH~=#x < JxOk. D =h KHKHOQ
@H<~. D O~=# JO` L#^? WÔ` LqOK@"\?
H<=<" Hf`H +} I
q~=~Ò` `` q=}Oz~" II ( 45, ~ 22)
HO = O $=#=< I
HO^$^~=O #``H~`" II ( 46, ~ 22)
D =# ^Y~`"# ~Oux O^ =O Qx, K@ Qx Z#\H<,
ZH_< L#^? ^xx Ok# `~"` D r=# =~ O^=#Ô\ Uq
LO_^?... U =~O H LOK | H~O`= WH PtOK=#^q
LO_^? ...^xx îOz# `~"` WH îOK=#^q LO_^...?
Ò_! XH q+O =Ò JÒ`+=Òk. D OiH Q=
J<HO LO_=KQH! W=x _ "="#, `"# Y=# kOKQeQq
U=Ò H^. Q.... WH_ Q= KK~? Wq K =Oz"i =##
_ HaO*QQK<! O~= =~=QK<!
~, < =@ J@ LOKO_. WC_ <^H . WH_ ''qHOQ<
P#O^^H=, L`= =, Z\H O`^H= J~# == Qx, q+ =Qh
U^< L#^? LO>, J^xux Ok, <# qOux J#qOKQ#! J\^H
## P=iOz# qK~=, JQ=`=, Jq"H=, H =k@ =. q=
~}"_K<#. ^K ## =îOKO_.

3. =Ou =O J~`# ~AQ~

q~K#_ : K O`+O. W\H h= L`= qK~} =K=. B#! ~ =<=^ ,
O`, P~, H~==~ ~Ò HQ XH<H L`= #O L#k. P #O
QiOz Ò> h Qx, =~=iH< Qx, ~ x~`, L^Q, ^M
Lq~. J~` P #O QiOz, JH_ '~*k~A QiOz, P ~AQix
qOK P`x =Ou QiOz Hx Ju K=`~"# q L<~. Jq Uq\
K` q#-
JO`\ Jx" PHqOz# XH ==[O L#k. XH ~*k~A P
~[O UK<_. P ~[O, H, P ~*k~AQi =HO WH_ H#|_ ~-
=~-` H=, =^, ~`, =#=, f~=, #^, K=,
F L=# H~}O G 401
q, PHO "^Q#q =. JH_ JOìHO ^, "=^, D ~KO^

~. HQ q+|WO^=~ _ JH_ ~. ^=-^#= Qx,
`H~Hk a# =r= JH_ ~. OK`= T~J^ k,
~#~H^, == =O\ ~`^ P #O K> ^.
P ~*x (H) <x U P ~A ==h_. Jkf_. x`_
JYO__. P#O^=~_. P`_ Px~Kh Hj_. ~*k~[Q P`_
~". ~~_. JO`H^.... =`~"# H O#_Q P ~A OH
=Ò K`< ^x<< ~ $+O KQ _, u O*
Q_, H~_ ~O*
Q_.
P ~AQ~ XH<HC_ ~ ~KH~= x~iOK\xH Q# `# H
'OH= J# ==K - ''~H} =x`_, ~H} qH}_ JQ - XH
Q =Oux, xqOK<~. Jx\h x~~ Oz, =K# K, ~ ==~
#_n =OuQ~! W+O, J~+O, "\x P~Oz L# #=~ W=h _
=Ou Qi =OÒQ". P JkH~=O` P =OuH kOzOk P ~A Q~!
WH ~AQ~ UO K LO\~? - P# Uq K~. H=O H`_
~=# uH LO\~. ~AQ~ JH_ LO> K.... P# =HO =Ou
K` =zOK|_ ~= [iyÒk. ~A H L^=# J#iOK, H#Q
=ÒQ =Ou ~ ==~= #_<~.
P =Ou _ `= "_O H^. ''Wk JO=O... W\ \^ J##q
_ OqO*Q =~O P =OuH L#k. J`_ ZO`\ "_O>.... `# H
, = yOz =~[O`\ "_x `# =@ `.K. Ò_ q<@
KO@<_. WH ~AQ~ `# =O JkH~O U=~z =Ou K# ^x
HO`\ H =_ = LO@<_. =Ou K# Hx z# `## kOKq, `#
JkH~x tOKq Jx è _ ZO^H J\ T~x LO_~ K<_.
Uk U"`<O! P =Ou =Ò ^xx OQ, JO>, ~AQiK kOK|_#
JkH~O O> Un x~~OK# _, x~iOK# _. J#qOK# _. ~A#
"~Q K P =Ou H=O [_O =`". P`xH P JkH~O kOzOk =~*
H^! JA_ [__ LO_ _, ~AQi H~ ~A kOz# JkH~= K`<
H~= x~i LO\_. =Ou # K LO>, WH ~A Un KO_
O#O Jk+Oz ~x H =ÒQ JO` K LO\_.
=~! |b! h= Q |~H== H"_". ^=`# _ J"HQ
J_OK=. Hx UO O? 'P ~[O h= OkOKH<^. JO^H hH ^YO
402
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
OOk. h |~H== 'P =Ou =O^~ ZO^ xH~=@O^. Jk
Q=xOK. WH ~A JO\".... P## [~OKQ "~O@ Z=~ LO_~ . P##
#O KO> K. P ~[O h Oz#>!
|e: Ò_! s~H"#, =#H"# Ô@ LO_#\ F =`! q~ K P
~[ #O ZH_#k? Jk =# OKk Z\? ^xx Ok#"~=~< L<~?
q~ K P ~*k~A =K~O ZC_ q#^? =#O XH P@Q [Q`h
=# [|O` [~OKO H^! =#K` _ [~O|_*x P ~*=_? q~
^=`< \~ H^! q~ _ P`xx [~OK~? P =Ou =#Oî HO>
|=O`_?
q~K#_ : J=#. D ^=` ~H, g~O` XHi QqQ_ Ô_u< ~
|e+_Q P =Oux [~OK~. =_, ~_, WO^_, `k`~ ^= ^#=
g~ - JO` He _ P =Oux @~ . =# =^ LO_ Q^ , KH, ,
~^, J W=h P =Ou =O^ ~x Z^~Q LOz# kq\ =O\q
=`". =# ~=Q Q P =Ou =, =+`= J
q+ " H_. D ^"~#Oîh, h`<` _, `# =O K x #_ < _.
P =Ou q+= H^. Hx, h `=_Q ~}_ "^# =~H=
=O`# PHqOz q<# "#~K<_! q+=# xqÒQ Kx "Oîh
H_ìOk P`_. P`_ ~ *<Ô K <~}_ "^Q ^=`#
_ `# =O KHx J<H #O^ _"K, P L^ "tO *
`=@ P_<_! P`x Ò K`< =#_Q =#^_ _ JÒ`
H=O`_ `# OK}=` uH=# PHqOz, =@ = q[$OaOK
QQK<_. Jk ~. =# ^=` J<H ~ J<H ^ HeOz#k 'H^=
H^! D H^= J#|_k ^H~`", Q}#", ^~u`" ~~
==# q<#O KOkH^! D H^= H LxH P =Ou H H^~ <
qQ= x^!
|e: <# Ju K=`~ ~_Q P =Oux =O KHQ<?
q~K#_ : h Ò LzÒ, P=HO _! Jk L`"`="# q+O. h=
`H kOKQ=. J~` h= P ~*k~A# P~Oz =Oz KO> Qx,
=Oux Uq K=.
=Oux [~OK#O` =~ h Ou M =. P ~A# P~OK
"iH =Ou ^_. ^, ^ ~`=# H <@@O J^=~#>
F L=# H~}O G 403
h`" Z^~Q L# P =Oux H^=. P`xH ==, |On= H=O^

Qx, WOHg K=.
XH<HC_ H$` iHO K` P ~AQi q"H^$+ [xOk. HH=OQ
~AQiH, ''U"< ~, D =Oux < =O LOKH=O^ J# HiH =$k
JQK#k. J@ `=`< =Ou x~kO|_K<_ _.
`! |b! h= J<H=Ok kH#, WO^_h _ [~OK=. Hh UO
O? h '=# J< D =Ou D =_ H=Oê |e+# "~Oî HO>
qHe |e+_ . P`_ `KHO> H} O =_ H=# =$Ò K"
Q_.
P`x =O^ h HO_ |O ZO`\ k? J\ =# J< =Oux [~OKQey` ~H=
=O`_ =xOKO\=.
P =Ou=~_ D =_ H= LxHx, B#`=# k<_. P`_
Jq, D =_ H_ Jq~.
H#H =~! =#O TiH ^d xi`#, x~`x, x*x J=Oa
~x LO> =K O Uq\ KC? =#O J*#=# ~è. UHQz`"
'=# J< =Oux [~OKe. =## [~OK=, WH W\=~ =#K [~OK
|_x H=h [~OK|_#>! H, =OuQ~ =z WK=z#@ =## P_ < ~...
=#O [~Oz# H=h [~OK|_#>!
JO^K` ''x`Y~=, J#O` k J~# P` Q"#x, =H=
H~ =#O '=# J< =Oux [~OKe. =## [~OK\xH ZO`\ `QxH<
Ô H"e. Jx\H ^_, JO^ uOKe.
D =# J< =Ou_ x#, ##, D H=# =@ P_ L<_.
=# D r=Q ^=` "^Q"~ x["# `= H^. "~ '=J~`
XH Lkx YO_OKQ~. =# x["# `= =# =#.
J# `=# HO< @Hx, P `=# Qez, |~KHO_, WH
D H=h =#O Qez =OKO> =Ò UO [#O?

4. P =Ou =#==^\?
|e: Q|e, OH$`= J~# P =Ou Qix ""H_ [~OKQO KO_?
Jk U^ Hk =OkH Ô. "= xux, ~|= (law of causation & tendencies
born of past actions)# J#iOz ''~* ^ "^# J<H HH H
404
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
q+= z<O. P =Ou =|e Jx q~ JO@<~ H^! J~<,
P`xx [~OK\xH L=< L<? ^ K^" ? =O`-Ò`" <
<~? H WOH UO K =#O =Oux uiy =~KHQO? D q+
`~O KO_.
q~K#_ : =~! P =Ou =|e, J*_ J~#=@ x[". J~#\H
P`xx [~OK =~O LOk K`# q# -
`HQ$` H}ûq`" I
HOq<^`+ Pjq+"^` II ( 3, ~ 24)
'H(LO) K` P`_ H}O =jH$`_`_. HH~O^, XH
'H_`K Q ZO`\ "i<< ~, ÒK "Q_.
XH x eOz#@Q H K`< P`xx e, =O KH"e. J\
=O K<=... ~AQix îOz k=^=# O^Ò H^! ~A H
^~#"` =Ou _ =# =O J=`_. =Ou =# =O J_ ~A ^~#O
J=Òk.
=#^$~* `=#h#r` I
=hK=# l`=^*#^$` II ( 7, ~ 24)
~A ^~ #O H#O`=~ =Oux [~OKO . =Oux [~OK#O`=~ ~AQ~
=# HxOK~.
zÒ KK"! ~[^~#O HH~#O`HO P ^+ =Ou x# <<u
_`< LO\_. ''~Q=, ^+=, ~=, L^H=, =#=, J==#=,
H^=, =, kQ, ^Y=, D qÔQ J<H `` `# [=xH
=Q`_. ...U^qÔQ P=Oux =O KH"e.
J<H ~ è#"~ _ P =Oux [~OKH =@K "iH ~[^~ #O
H=@O^. JO^K` =~! |k=O`_#"_ D ~O_\ H~ J~HOQ
x~O`~O u LO_e- 1. ~[ ^~#O K\xH, 2. =Oux F_OK\xH.
~+ ` ~H"# JO K` P ~O_\ x XHiQ x~iOK@"
Ô. JO bH$Ò J=` LO> WH ^M^ ="< LO_#\ 'P`
^= J# L`= #O =#O O^QQÒ. =`Q J< P #O Ok
O~ =#O` #tO* #"~, x`qH` $^ LO@<~. ~ O
#tOK@K O` ~QK<~.
F L=# H~}O G 405
P =~AO_ #O U~_L# ^H_? ~ ^Y= q<#O O^ "H"

P #O. JH_ ~A P` ^=_ H^! J\ P` ...=##O^= "^x |
^=x P#O^= =~ P#O^= x\H< ~"#k. J^xx 'x~u#O^=
Jx JO\~. JO` qOz H~`y #k, O^=#k LO_^ . H|\ Jk WOk#OÔ
=O\k H< H^. WOk= ~" L# P P`^=_ qHe *#=O`_Q
=## `# =OuQ xqOKHx<_.
D [Q` ZH_ #O_ =zOk?... =\ O_Q JQ#@, Q " ~OQ
i}qOz#@, =# #O^ Q H; "# D [Q` PH~OQ i}qOKK<~.
|e: ''=## [~Oz` ~= [~OK|_#> Jx J<~ H^! D =##
[~OK\xH U"< , L, =~ K=x ~#.
q~K#_ : HK U^< k<O H^! D =# q+O_ JO`. XH
LO K`#... q#-
q+#u ` ~<=~^ I
J<~= H~#[ II ( 17, ~ 24)
''q+Q=x\ O^ H~# O~OQ `lOz" K W^ =<
[=# LO.
q+=@ H~ H=@" L`="# H. =kOz# U#Q =O\ D
=## ''q+ ~`= K` =`" =O KHQO. J~`, XH q+O.
U`#^ K==` I
J#u^ `Y" II ( 19, ~ 24)
XH qÔQ K q+ ~`=<k WOKqOK JÔ. =~H qÔQ
K Jk kOK@O èH _! JO K "xH ^". JO H`
=Ò JÔ.
D q+q~H J<k H=H=OQ J= i*` + QOÔ Q
JO`\ "Oz q $Ò O^Q ^. J~`, q`# O <@H` ^#O e O ^? Q=
O^ PH Hey LO_ ''q+= ~Ò H"O? J#x UO [#O?
JO H~=_` J##k Z=~< Z\ k~?
JO^K` JO K`< P =OuQ~ h =O J=`~. OiH q+=O^
q~H KO^#O`=~ r= D 'O~= J< =iH QO@ = ^M^#
O^K< L<~. =#A_ ZO`\ |=O`_<, `# OQ #_=H`, XH
406
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
K@#O_ =~K\H JÒQ "oQ_? JO H` q+=#
Z=~ [~OK~. JO^K` ^=# îOz#O^Q#, D r=_ '^"##
`lOK@O JOKe. U^ Oê... J<^ ^"#!
=~! h= ''Y^Y Jf`"#\ J" ux O^#O>,
Z\Q< Q= @ U~_ #=H=# `yOKH"e. 'q+`Q= J< ~O
Q ~+ `=# qOz# ^#O =~n ^.
|e: Ò_! W`~ J<H [##, D =~=# [## "= PiOz#
'~|= ==# J"# ^$ q+= " <@Ò> "= UO Ke?
^ "< `QO Z\ Ô?
q~K_ : ''"= xu H ~|=K ~OK|_ =`", H~ x~iOK
QO. = "=Q Uq K= Jx |^HQ "~ =`" K<~.
^$+ H"~ P qÔQ J#~. Jx\H< L`="#k =~=# `".
ZO^HO> =~=#O ^` x~iOK=# Ò h Ku L#k.
=~=# ^$_ `=K ~ O~=#, =#=#, ^~=#
[~Oz "e.
|e: Ò_! =~=# ~+ Ò QiOz q~ <H =H}<~... Q<
L#k. J~` <^H OÔ. ``Q~# ^ KH=i Z\ =~=# `
O_<, O< D O~ z@@# ~ ^M# LqO *QeQ~?
Jk "iH Z ^_Ok?
q~K#_ : J\ =h D Lk OK\xH =# =O^ W`~
`K ~=~= xq` `=# ~ H~ # H~ O* x L<~.
''JO`~OQO Q_H@Hx L# Y^Y= O|OkOz# 'J=Q#
P H@ #" ~|= Jx A JaO. J~`, ZO_== H#|_^x
@ 'Jk [= J# =O ^~" # *#=K #tO k H^! ~+ `|=K
U~_# xu ~=Q ~|= # _ ` O_ "#`=K [~Oz" =K.
~ =# H~ JQ D ''r=_ J#|_ "_ =#HO> "~ H^x = JaO.
D =# ^xx U qÔQ H# KO^ ^xx P qÔQ< O^@O [~QÒk.
=# ''Wk xu Jx H# K LO@Ok. J\ OHe`"# xux
J#iOK ''Wk xu Wk Jxu J##@Q P ^~=# QOKK
LO@Ok. xu (Destiny)x _ z`" OH#~OQ Lù K @O [~QÒk.
z`" (H =#) ~=Q Q D r=_ XH<H J~=O`"# [#O^ 'H
F L=# H~}O G 407
K`#H`~O O^K<_. J#Q z`= ''Jx`=, x`=, UH==

JQ ~=` O^ L=#O O^Òk. ''<# ~^ H=`=Q ^
K`#" J< =# O^K#k. JC_ J\ =# Q r=_ =k ~=Q
''xi+=# HiOKK<_. PH= #O^ K# ~`"# "=Q
z`== #O^ OQ~`_, =k =Oz, =#~_ LO@<_. =k
#O_ KK#C_ = KC x==ox PKiOKK<_. `# QOz#
L`= `=# `k`~ è*@ P tK~=O^ =iOKK<_.
`! "= gKK#C_ HO_ K@ H^` LO\~. HO_H^ H^!
"H ~_Q *x_ J@ =k x+_ #C_ W@ P =~= ^~ =
x~i # C_ ~ q+ = Q Oz LO_@K U~_# ~ " # =# Hey LO\_.
`# =Ò qH~`_ LO\_. J~` D =# [~O|_#O` =~ xu
Qx, ~|= Qx [~O |_*^.
=#= [# O^@K D r=_ L`="# 'H~ *#=# P~OK@
J~`, J=H= Ok#"_Q K<_. W\ OH= H~H==# J#iOK
L`~`~ i}== LO_=K<~. JO^K` =~! h OH= h
Jn#O< L<~ H#H, KHQ L`= OH=< P~OK. "~Q= ~+
`= ^~ | == Qi zO`# K~. Z=iH Uk #^, H,
OK@ ^ JÔ` ~~= (effort) H ~=#" J~=#k =!
JO^K` uOz Q=O^ q~Hx =~H. ''JQ== n~= JQ
O~=# JkQqOKO> 'q+=@ q~H J# B+Ô JÒ`=HO. ==
(O~=) JkQqOK|_#O`=~ k==Q ~=Ou aOK^. "`=#
D ^$q+=@ J#~Q=#O`=~ JOu `Q^.
D O~O H#|_ Q=h Ju KOK=, ^Y^= J~ L<~.
J~#\H, J*#=K "`_QK# D r=_ "\K PHiOK|_K<_. J\
PH~ } #O_ q_=_O> ''=}= =##= xk^ # J OKe. =##
P`#O^#O K e. JO H ` = `Q^ . = `QH ` h ~"
J~ L# P`^=x îOK =. P ~*k~A# îOK#O` HO JÒ` "`
_# ''q+=# P~OK@O, q_=@O, WO`< =i Hx q+=#
qOK@O J< = `^.
D h ~=Q OuO`$ aOKH=\xH H~}O J ^$+K
q+=# ''W" ~O J# |k` n~HO P~OK@"!
408
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
|e : ^#"~! U q+q~HK x~O`~O P` O^ 'u Hey O\" Jk
HeQ ^\?
q~K#_ : Q== # Kz#C_ J== # H~H=@O OQ< #yK #k
H^! P` O^~#=K, H P`# Z~Q@K q+=@ q~H `H O^Q=.
JO^K`, '[ J< Xi_~u` 'L`=qK~} J< `=K P` qK~}
Ke P`K P`^~#O K LO_e.
"^\ ^ : XH ~A 'Q, ~u J< ~O_ qQ=#@, D =##
_ ~O_Q qlOKe-
"^\ Q=# : D s~ x~} H=# LQ qxyOK.
~O_= Q== : =, Q~= ^# QOK\xH, PHoO KH
=\xH qxyOK. (^) q+=" ~y_K Ji^=QK# D =#
H HO` Qx ''Q~=# qOK@, |k =O`` O+OK@, #" #
=K<` iH#@ "^# <~ qxy LO_.
~O_= ^ : HO`H"# `~"` h =# HO` iH=Òk H^! JC_
h =## <Q QQ K~-
"^\ Q=# : ^` O|OkOz# "\` iOK.
~O_= Q=# : L`= H~ qxyOK.
=_= Q=# : Q~ +K iOK.
<Q= Q=# : =}O, =##O K~.
JC_ H=OQ h z`= `` x=` _# 'iH` O^Q^.
=_= ^ : H=OQ iH` LO@Ok H^! WH ~O_ Q=#
"~Q= O^ qxy LO_. `H# ~O_ Q=# _ H=H=OQ
'^# Q~[ ^~x~u` iOK.
"# =O =`" ~OQ# KHQ HiOKK#k H^! U z`= J~`
q+ a+ #y` =O ^, J\ ^ z`= =`" *#H Q=QK#k.
< < hO Ha =<Ha I
~ i}"# ` z`H" II
D z`= J< _x H (L=)K`#, q`=# Q~
"H= K`# eOKK, z^H~=# OkO*e. JC_k =Q
P^H~", O^~-j`" q~l Q^. <<! |b! Z\ 'H$u== Qx,
'\=# Qx U=Ò O_, L`= '|H~=$ux |kK P~ LO_.
F L=# H~}O G 409
D WOk=, D q+=, D =$`, g\x J#q# D r=_ W=h

_ ''z^#O^ ~" # \ Jk# |" J~ L<~ ... J# ^$+x |~K H.
KH\ *, qK~}^~ ''P` ^~#=K `$~`=, `$~`=K P`
^~#= D ~O_ ~~O =$k OkO *O@<~.
Q=O^ 'Ju [xOK@K`#, ~`==Q P`H O^~#= JQ@
K`# ~|=#O^ h `"# qOu =~Q^.
ZO^H è^Qx D r=_ q+#O^=< Q q+OQ ZOKK<_.
"\ H~ P~ P Ò qOux H=K<_. ""xH, ~"#
OuH D r=_ J~_. WO^ J#=#O U=Ò ^. ZO^HO> D r=_
~=O`=Q P`H^!
=~ KCK<#! D r=x ~= ~=#O^=, ~=O`= H^!
1. q+= @ q~H H~O^ .. WH Zx O> UO [#O?
P`# îOK\xH |k =$ux O^< O^^.
2. P` ^~#= H#O`=~ D WOk q+= q+=
r=x aO*< LO\~.
H#H h= W@ q+q~H, J@ =k XHi J ~"x =~ Q~
K<#. ~+ `= L#C_ D |k P`" iOK@O [~QÒk.
'Q`QO J< ~+ÒK = J~#\ ~=` O^ qOu
=QK#k. ~+ ÒK =`" ~|=# ^sHiOK=K. Q= @
^ "H=~O "# u|O^HO. q~HK q"HO, q"HOK q~H [xOKK,
H=H=OQ |_K<~. =Ô "= = XH^x LxHH =~H\ H~}
=QK<~.(Discrimination through dispassion and dispassion through discrimination-
-both should be cultivated simultaneously).
5. =Q~ q` - Ju, q"H=, J=

XH K@ XH =Q~ q`<~. P =Q~ ~~ J#~QO` XHiHH~
`_ OKi LO\~. "~ :
1. Q= @ Ju / q~Q=
2. 'Wk `, Wk J` J# q"H=
3. x`= P`< OîOK JO
410
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
<< ! |b! ZO`\ Ò K<, ` HiH J~< ~... Q=
@ "~ QO OkOK. ~|= J#|_ W`~ O~#, ^~=Q##
[~OK\xH Ò K~. JO^ =~=# ~+ `= h `_ =!
r=_ ^# O PiOz#O` =ÒK`< `q ^ . J~` ~+ ` ~HOQ,
[#=`" # =~O J=OaOz PiOK. J\ ^< ^# "H= ~O L^t OK =`
^= P~OK\xH qxyOK. [#, Q}j~, P``` =` UH==
J#q OK"~ JQ =` L<~. "i` O~= Ok, "ix P~OK",
q~H [xOKQ^. q+=@ q~HK JO`~OQO 'qK~} J# ^xH `y#O`
K@ aOk. qK~}K "^x+` =# uk#\ 'J^ ` |=#O^
x *#O L^~O k. WH P `~ "` '=##= xk^ K H=OQ J``= =Q
P`^= `H OKQ^.
H#H D q+ =@ q~H PÒ^ qOuH c[=, =~= , L=
J~ L#k. 'H# J# |~Ô^ zx, <<H= J#q# D r=xH
'^$ q+=@ ^=Q# WC_ JÒ` P=HO. `! WH h q+xH
= h ~=Q q+ q~H WOH HQ^. J~< _ x~ z`_=Q h
h L`= J= =OK `~ Ou JO` `QQ^. J\ ^ ^t= |
~_=Q h ~=# W^ < #=~=.
h =~=# ~+H~=# ^+ @Hx Hx =Y"# K# W<#-
1. ^K~=, ^~x~uH q~ÔHx qÔQ ^#O OkOK.
2. J\ ^#=# Q= H~H =~~KH=_O H^. |"`Q
^ = Uq Kz O`+~, P =~O h ^# O "zOK. =`` O~= #
J~_= J=` LO_.
3. h ^# Ou, =` =K#= `_ JQKO_Q, J^`
qK~}# P~OK.
4. J\ `= H [#=Q h HO~= #O_ T__ ~=Q
PÒ O^.

6. =<~K# =<"k
|eKH=i (`#) : J=#. Q qK~} j~ XH~Q OK|_ < Ò_
q~K# KH=i < JO` K L<~ H^! ^==` JÔ` WC_ +OQ
Q~ =Ok. ^~= ~K H, WC_ < `HOQ Q= @
F L=# H~}O G 411
J~z, Jf`" # =O U~_K<~. e ÒQ ''K= J=$` j= J~#\

Ou H q` aOk.
P! WO` =~ J<H"# P~O~# J#i Q_K=O\ ^#O,
"^# q+= =`~"#q J#O@ =K# H^! z=iH U"#k? ~,
JOu, P" H"= ## H "~! ZO` iÒ O^#! Hx
Ô@# = J=h `K=x, J`=x è~Ok.
J=! WC_ D q ZO` OÒQ H#|_Òk! == L#K@ WH
Y ^Y ^ h `y`~. < JO`H~} O ~K O ^ aO|OQ x~u #O^x
O^Òk. WO`=~ =<"Q=K "k O` OKiOK#. J<H H`
_Hx L# D q= = OkOK_xH Z< ^Yi}== Q H~H=#
xiOK<#. J*#O H q=K ~H =O =`=Q `K s~=
## PHiOz q=} K~.
Z< S~=# Kq K#. QQ ~[ q==# J#qOK#.
J<H }H@# =O KHx ieOK#. UO [#O? '=$`= J#|_ Q q` "\e#C_
D , ~`, ~*k Q=h ## q_z_`~. XH ` =`" ## "O@#O\
LO@Ok H^! WO`HO Jq"H< g\x <# ZO^ #=` L<#? <# ^=``
q~Ô HeOK#k D `K [Q` PkÒ H=?
''=<~K# =`" J~#\ D ^$ [Q`# <# Hey O_@ F Q
'=#H "k J~=#k. W\ "kH WC_, WH_ zH` KHH` WH WH_
rqOz#O^ UO Q eÒ Ok#@? P` q+O Zy# =` D
[Q`#O^ u [xO^? ...^.
XH Q ^YH~"# q+O Uq@O>.... z "_< <# WO`HOQ J=
JHeH= J~#\ U"" OzH q+# P~OK#. J#~=#"\x
_ J~=O`=x q =<#. < HiH XH JO` O` O_
H}xH qÔQ LO@<~. J*#~H"# H =`, = ==` <#
Kx KO_#"< L<! XHH =O <# K# `C_ #h
412
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
=~HC_ ^YH~=Q< i}qOK=K<~ H^! J~< _, D `K"#
WOk q+=# JO\@Hx q"K# KO_ Hx =$^ KO@<<!
J~#^" J~#k. WOH ` q+ Q~ `KHx =i HO` H#
K_O J#=~O. ''D =~=# HO <# Hey LO@# J*#O `Qk Z\?
UU `= K D =~=<x bH$Ò KHQ#? J< q+
WC_ < =YO.
P ''~ |= J#Q Z=~? ZH_O\_? P`_ ''J#O`" # PH~= H"_,
.. H~}=H H~}= H^! J\ ~|= `\ 'SH= Ok#C_=`"
PÒ^ ~ Y= Pq~qOKQ^. J*#= #tOz#C_ SH= Ô
J=Òk. JO^K` WC_ < J*#O `Qe. JO^Q# Q~=Q HK~
"ix ~} "_`#.
''D ^$ O KO U" L#k? 'JO J# ` " ~OQ Q D r=_=_?
D ~O_O\ QiOz }OQ K `H=_xH PK~"~ < WC_ k.

! HK~! ~"~! Z=~ q=# P~, "ix q~ #

J#Q LO\~ H^! J\ q=# ~}Q`_< =#K ^#O K<#.
q~ L^t< <# OiH q+= J< |~^ #O_ |@ _QQ`#.
q! Z\ èx x~"# ^~ f~ H@`# <, q~ PO|#=.
~=` ~O OQ u Ok=O__O Z\Q è* ## P^HO_...!

D qÔ Q P |e H# =Hx UHQ`` , H ~HOQ Q~"# HK~

QiOz ^xOK_O ~OaOK_. |*# ``~, x`= ~=O^ x
LO_ HK~ `# t+x ~# q<~. ''P! < t+_ *#= Ja+Oz
## P~<_ H^! O`+O! W`x O^=# x=iO *# Jx
`K~. "O@< t+_ |e KH=i =O^ `H"<~. P# t+"Ò J\k
=i!
Q~^~ #OK HOH` _ |e =Q H H_y t~ [ x, Lz`#O
~O_\ , `# P# ^ ^y~ P#_<_.

F L=# H~}O G 413
7. h < ~O z`
|eKH=i : =`! `= ZO` = HeyOK#, HqOKO_. q~ W`~"
< J#QO` K# Hx ù H q+ < |k O^ qHOKK<~.
`=` =iHx q+ O+OKx, OuOKx < |k ## ~Ok.
F ^"! WH_ Z^~Q Hx# D q+ Q=h JÒ` "H~=
H^! g\@ < q~H U~_Òk. ''~=~ `` = QOK@" JÒ` J=HO
J# xO <O^ U~_Ok. J~` < Hx @H<~.
D r=_ Y=# H~O@<_ H^! Y=x\H L`"`="#
q+O Uk? J\ J=k H ~O Z\k? ""xH <<=_#? q~=~? D
[Q` U"#k? - D `` =O` < `~Q è*=x "_HO@<#.
HK~ : <<! WC_ PH=~O }=# x^_< L<#.
|+ < "O@ "OK L<~. XH ^=H~O xqÒ J=O "=#k.
|e : `= =O\ r=# _ J=O x~iOK=# H~H== LO\
q?
HK~ : r=# _ ''Oz# H~=# LHOK@O J< =O
HeyO_~. h= J_y# =^#O q~OQ K\xH =O K^.
J~< _ OQOQ K`#. q#.
zkz<` qÔz#"=K I
z` Oz^"`K HtkuOQ II ( 11, ~ 26)
h= <# `k`~=<H"# "\` _ Z^~Q Hx# D [Q` _
K`#= H ~". D ^$=O` ''z` (ZQK#\k) H Jn#O<
L#k 'ZH O^ JÔK|_ #k. 'P~OK|_@ J# z`H H
D [Q`.
JO^K, h=<#JO` z<`" ! D = H= z#=. `` =O`\H
~= W^. h= H#H ^=O`_=, q"Hq J" ''O`=Q z` K`#"
WÔ` J# x=K ~ = O^Q =. J\ HO_, ^ q"H H ~<
...JkHOQ K=Ò UO [#O? ZO` K< |_^ # h~ J=Òk.
1. z` 'q+H~ H# HeyO_@.
2. z` q+~`" LO_@.
414
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
q+H~ H# |O^=. J\ H# H=@" =H. q+H~H#
#\ z` '~` ~" J~ LO@Ok. = Ô`= JOu= ~O WO`!
WC_ W\ x= J=OaOz D [Q`#O` J=HOK. JYO_H~
=$ux P~Oz ~= ijeOK. JC_ x=Q |=# O^`=.
x`"#, `"# YO J^H>. t! ^ <HO PH=~O
"z<~. WH =. W@ eH HK~ QeH J= JO`~#"<~.

8. <<=_#? ZO`\ "_#?

JC_ n=O` +_# |eKH=i W@ zO`# KQ_.
H=HOQ=` z^"Ô[Q`" I
zÔzk"H t^tÔH II ( 2, ~ 26)
#~~O z^=O~=~` I
Jz^ u~H} <HOK#`z` II ( 3, ~ 26)
=`Q HK~ K#k "=" H^! D =_ H= z<`=
(All pervading consciousness- The Knower) J# ~"! <# _ ''z` (ZQ@)
J<^ ~=Q Hey L<#. D H=, ~ k, ~ H z#=.

D JO`~ ^$ ==O` z^". 'z` a#OQ D |O_=
#O^ U ==# ^? P K`#" ~x ~OQ HtO*H`, ~#
JO^H~=# ^"H_ LO_k?
D qx _ ''Wk q Jx ZQK#^k? K`#" H^! K`#= `#
=~=Q D k#, ~`=#, [Q`#, PH=#, s~=#
HtO*Ok. H|\ "@x\H LxH U~_Òk. H` J" LO_=.
D == z^"! - D WOk=, ^=, =#, WK, <HO,
g@x\H "~# ==^=, D ~[Qk+ W=h z` H ~=!
=~H q+O! D s~O ^~ '|=, ~, ~= "^#=h J#=
==`<~. J~` "\#h\h ZQK#k z^_<# << Hx, D s~=
OQ ^xh ZQ*^ H^! XH H, XH =OK Q_= JK`#" D s~=.
si#Q <# K`#=#. OQ Un ZQ#\ D s~=` <HO x? ''s~
~_#Q <# D s~=# P= ~^ K`# =O` iOz L<#.
F L=# H~}O G 415
<<= ~? LkK x~zO|_xk, ~ [Q` P`, K`# ~= JQ z^= #

<#. PH= #O^ ~KO^#H`k HtOK ~ ==O^, D `
=^= #O^, ~ ^=Ò^, ~ ~HO^, ~ =~, [OQ= r=O^
LO_ L#n D K`#"!
J\ x`k` K`#" <#. D |O_=OÔ`\ H=O K`#" H^.
J#Q <# ~kO^ xO_<#. < `"=_? q`_=_?
'|e Jx =|_K# D uH s~O XH" < Ò^#H.... JO^=#
^#Q <Hq? <# ^Q, ZQ"_Q ~=# Jf`_<, JOQ", D ZQ
|_K# ^xHO`\ HO> `H" ^`ÔQ LO\#! `=K H^|_ "YO_
< e< _ "`~OQ ^`ÔQ PHO LO\~ H^!
<K ZQ|_K, LxHx O^K#, D s~=K, H=K <# KkOK
|_@"q\? JO=O. '^+= J##k _ z` K` HtOK|_#C_ =`"
^+~=# Ok. JO^K` '~Q= ^+= J# ~O_ =# K`#=
H Jn#O< L<~. J#Q, Jq _ z^=.
|e HO` =#=, ^#= Q__.

|e (`#) : B#! ZO` ijeOz Kz< K`#=# "#^n ZH_ HOz` _
HxOK@O ^. <# ~^ ^ z<` ~_#. J\ <O^ ~Q= Qx,
^+= Qx, =# Qx, =<=$` Qx Z\ LO\~? Jq #C_ WH qH=Q
H# < O^ OqOK^ H^!
H#H, ~"", ~ qH= Jf`", Jkf", x`", P#O^
=`H=Q z^" <#. <K ZQ|_#^n ## =~H\ Q K*^.
< "Q LO_*^. D OK= <=~` _ L#k. Wk <=~
~`=Q K`#=# 'O[ HQ^? ^. U z`H J~` ~` "" <=
~ H# Jk#" "K#K Jk FO-`` `H ~=# iOk.
^$ ^~ #= Jf`" , x~", x`" ~ =# ^+
Q ~" ~_#
<#! J\ ## HtO*QeQk =~H_ Un ^. <# OH ~_#.
Q< L#k! J~` x` H=`_#Q <O^ ''<# D s~=#,
r=_# J# iq` =O ZO^ U~_Ok?... P`~_#Q <# < B#`=#
U=~z, ^$=# ^+`= PkOKH##_ P H#K h uaOaOK
KOâO|OQ iz# =# L^qOk.
416
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
J#Q '<# r=_# J# =# Ou Hx, ^~= =Ò H^. 'JOu=
H`~ =$u K L^`=Q ^ ~" <# H^! =i, J\ ~=# HiOz,
`^~, D 'Ou ~=Q r===# `lOz" Òk.

F < P`~=! r= = ~`", 'q+= J# HOH" #\ '=H
~= =`~ = J~#\ 'H K` # " h= =! J\ h W^ < #=~O.
h" z^==.
''=}-=## xk^ =k ~=Q P < H K`#=# <# ^
^ #=~O K<#. ~x HtO*K, ''*u ~= J~ L# <
<# #=iOKK<#. P! xi+", z^=`_<, |O_=O` i~O
K#k << H^! O`~_# ~=# ZQ"_# `z` =`= JQ
=~_#. PHO HO> _ J#O`_#, ~"_# J}= HO> _
JÒ` _# `Q< z` ~_#, ^ |x JQ ## Y=, ^Y=
"^#q Z\ $t~?
Jx\h ZQK ^xK` _ ZQ|_x"_# ...=~= #O LO_LO@<,
'` q+Ò^ _ iOz L#"_# ~ "_#, q+ #_#.
WH_ L#Ô` < `< xO_~ L#k. <# ^J#O`Jkf~_#.
## D [Q` Qx, WO^x =, J== Qx, P ^~= Qx, ^
H^ Qx 'iz#O KQ"?... ^.
< iK^" ^ - HO^~ `` iKO H~ ''Wk s~=, Wk
=#, Wk |k, Wk JOH~= Jx < QiOz KCO@ `<~. J@
iK^ O K @O K` W|O^q ^ . ZO^HO>, < =K << D s~=<|k
JOH~=Q J~ ==i<# H^! ''< ~= J~=# J=h <HO>
"~ Z\ J=`~? ''< |k "~ <# "~ Z\ J=Ò? XH == H XH
" ~O J^ == H =~H " ~OK xi`"#@ Q#, P^~Ò
Q# Jx#O` =Ò K` P ==# =K >q\?

""xH <# ~H=O^#, ~` "", ~ H~<, ~ ~"
"QO^K<#. Jkf K`# ~_#, ~ q+ ~_# JQ <<, D
[Q` H~_# JQK<#.
WÔ` ""xH < OH qH=. J~` ~=~OQ K, WH_ Un
L`#==@O ^, #tOK_O ^. ...=i, z^_#Q < WH_Q OH
F L=# H~}O G 417
qH=K <=#k? |O^"=#k? ^x = ZH_ Uk =$k? Uk <#O? <#

XHC_ J*#=# P~Oz L# =O _, ~^ ~=# P=
~*k~A< LO_@ H#QK< L#k. < ~=# <# Q#C_, <
QiOz @ u# "Ô` O ## '*xQ OKK#k. J^`
~x U=~z#C_ ## ''J*x ...Jx Ok.
*#O J*#= ^= JO`=~H! *#-J*#= <H_ <b
<K=`~= J` [Q^K<HH =`"!
H^ ~K~ ` H^ ~K# #, ` Q}-=~< ^# He, H#y LO_Q,....
``=O `## `# Q@O@<_? ^? J\Q <# J*xQ Ki
L#C_ _ P`~_<!
JO^K` WO`~ J*#=# Kz WC_ "^# KO^=#k Un ^.
## <# P~Oz, O` z`_#Q^#QH.

=*=O`_Q P |eKH=i P qÔQ zO`# K, H=OQ O`

z`__. ~ OH H## ~Ò K_. JL= J#|_ FOH~=
H =_ =` ~" L#\ J~=`# qOKK =#O =OK_.
J ` (Existence) L z` (Knowledge) = P#O^= (Bliss) J~=`
q^` ~= (H) `s`H=Q |=.
K`=, K`#= D ~O_\ H Jf`_<_. J#Q, ^#= K"_
^#= ^ == ...D =_ q+ x "_<_. x~_, "#h
=iOz#"_, QegKx K@ nOQ x` O^_. O`z`_, |^=#
P~OK_. XH tO^ KH|_# t=Q KHO ~OQ L<_.
WH P`xO^ q+^+= =. ''x~ | = J# '` Hey
x~HO aOK_.

|e KH=i x+_, JYO_=Q P`H J#==#O^ x=Q_ L<_.

= P`xx qOK\xH qOz Uq H, K x|_~. WO^_,
^ , `k`~ Q ^=` P`xx qOK\xH qOz, P`xx P^~} ` K_Q~.
L^# P~KH`<~. `` A ''``*#O OkOz#O^ [#O
WkH^! Jx P#OÔ O^~.
418
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
J*#Q J<H=Ok ~H [ q+"q\ èH ''Wk `= =O`
Ò` " O H^ H^? Jx
= q= O^Q~. JH_ =OÒ`
XH K@ Q_ ''WC_ =# H~="q\? =# ~A# =#O ^HOKH"e. JO^
=i Uq\ LO? Jx =K# K~. =#O WC_ LO HO HK~
"ix P~OK=O^! Jx x~~OK<~. "~O` HK~"iH Q~Ò
=iOK~.
Q~=Q HK~ ^n=#"# ^=` =H", JH_ `H"<~.
=k L# |eKH=ix Kz O`+OQ ` OHOK~. P~, `## qOK
~H [##=# Ok W@ eH~.
HK~ : <#~! =# D |e KH=i P` qqOz O~ =~`_
J~<_. =Q qK~} K@K ~=# Jk#"# |^= D`xH
OOzOk. L`"`="# kx O^_. Wk P~H~"# q+"!
~! =` z`_Q D`xx W> P` O^ `_ HO`HO LO_x=O_.
O`=Q P`^~^=# gHOKx=O_. ZO^HO>, WO`HOQ Z<< q+
P~OK@K W`x =# ZO`Q< J ~Ok. WC_`x O^ O~ = h
`y~. JO^K`< W\H PÒ^ qOu aOk. q~ =Ò
W`xx HiOK =^. HH==Q W`_ =k #O_ OQ< *Q`#
O^Q_. J\ =~ q~O` qq ^~= x~i ~KH~= ^
` <~"~ LO_O_. q JOîH =QQH!
HK~ W@ eH JO`~#"<~. ^` Q~ P[# t~=OK~.

9. H= =~O
K H=~#k. XH ~A |e KH=i =k #Oz *Q$u Ok#"_,
H# ìK_. P`xH, ~ K# = D q+O =O`, `k`~ #Q~
=Y è*x |^~~.
|e KH=i z ~<_. O`$, O``` _#"_, D qÔQ
PK# KQ_.
|e KH=i (`#) :
J#~=^g j`~=iH I
J=OH}O ` ~Oqx=Q` II ( 4, ~ 29)
F L=# H~}O G 419
''P! D '~=~O^ ZO`\ ~=}"#k! H}HO WO^ qqOz#

=ÒK` ZO`\ qOu, O``# O^#!
D =k =O^ q==#\ D ~*k`=, ^#, [#, <s[<k
q== ZO^ xH~? ""xH [Q` Ou ZH_? =k H
iH=K aOK P#OÔ =~H_ U qÔQ# aOK^#@ OÔ ^.
J~` H~H== @, q+=^= @ ^, P Q [#
`= JO`~O Q=# ~ ^ i Oz# =k H B#`=# QiOKH `<~
H^! =kx+# "i ~=#OÔ QiOz èLO_ LO>, < D [#
J< [Q` W\ =$^ OK~ K"~? Ou, Y= H~H
ZH_H_ OQ `K_"~? ^.

^~OQ [# _q_Q J@ W@ ~Q f@O Q=x<, P`_ `#
P# H#yOKQ_.
''<# 'z` ZH J##^ ~=Q H"_# H^! z^= (ZQ@
J# `` =) #O^ ''Wk W+= Wk J~+= Wk <k Wk H^ "^QQ
qH= ZH_ LO\~? H#H WH_ < QOK=#^k? `lOK=#^k?
Hx, ZO^H D =# J<k HO #O_ q+= O^ =iOKK,
"\` jOQ UHÒ O^Òk. ""xH K`#~_#Q <# ^xK` |OkO
|_Q#?... D H#|_ ^~=K`<? ...W=h < OH=# J#iOK J#=
=QK<~ H^! <K HeOK|_# H# ## |OkOK@"q\? z` =_#Q
## |OkOK#^n ZH_ LO_\xH g^. H#H < |O^=##^^. |O^"
#C_, WH "H= H OQ"H_k?
''< "H= HQQH! J#|_ ^=Q H ^=Q "H=<
fOÔ! "H= s~=#H? H^. Jk [_"#k. Ò`"# K#, =#
x s~=# "H"q\?... h, =#H? - Jk _ [_". <K x~iOK
|_Ô` < =##= H ~" H^! =# JO> < H =##= K
H H^! =##= OQ L#kH^. Ò` uuH^. J^xH "H"q\?
WH, <H? 'ZQKO_@ J#|_ z^_#Q <# W`~O ^xK`
|OkOK|_#? |O^~`_#Q <# '"H= H"e Jx k "O@ K_@"q\?
=_` O H^? Jx\H ~ ^ " (J" _<) L<# H^! WH < |O^" q\?
"H"q\?
420
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
^~xH < |O^=Qx, "H=Qx =... J=! W\H < J*#O
Lq OzOk. WH < '^#=K Qx, H '^#= K H=@ K` Qx [#O
U=#k? '^<^#= J# ~O_ =# =ê", '` ~=< L
== O^ J=H LO\#. WH Uk =O^, ~h.... Ò^, h...! D
=z= "\` < P` ~=# U~_Q =$^ H= Uq LO\~? D
^$=O` ~^ ==` ~" H^!
Q= Qx Q= H J== Qx <xC_ H~H#@ ^. ^Y
~`=Q 'H==~= #O^ u Hey LO\#. WH D [Q`# O^#=~O
^. `lOK=# x ^. J>, ''|== J#|_ =~H ==# Oê.
D [Q^==# =ê, ''H~, [#= - "^Q Q `ÒQO _
< JH~^.
J=h 'J`=, =`H= ... H^! J`=#"\ H~ WK~H
"# '`lOKe J# =Ò ^xH? ...<# =$`_# H^. rq`_# H^.
`# H^. J`# H^. D ^= Qx, D ~*^ Qx H#. `k`~
^=, ~*^ H#.
=i <<=~? ...=`~"# '^ z^` <#. J\ < < #=~O. D
~[=, D s~= LO> LO_=K... H=K. <# =Ò P` O^ Ou
~=# `_< L<#. LO\#.
P` HH, `k`~= # q+ =h L< XH>! < XH>! < O|OkOz#
==Qx, q+OQx, ZH_ U=Ò =. H~ $`=`_# H~=O@ <
ZH_ < ^. D H$` ==~=# '~[# <K x~iOK|_#\H, <
`` =# W|Ok Uq LO_*^.

*# L`=_Q P |e KH=i J@ x~~OKH<_. i~` ~_

J_. 'P`"` Jx PÀK OK|__. `## q# ^#= [##
~_ L^~ PH=# K# @ K_Q_. "i "i #=~=
z~#=` u#=~O K, K_.
~KH~=#, '^"<`Q=` _#"_ ^qkQ x~iOK
Q_. J~^=` ^=`#, }#, Q~=# lOK@O, JiOK\xH
=z#"ix ìOK@O, Z\Q< K LO_"_.

F L=# H~}O G 421
HO`HO Q_z Ok. XH<H =O |eKH=i XH Q [O ~OaOK_.

Z< `H@ O^ Wz `$~K_. HK~ "^Q ^ j
O^_. J~`, WO^_ P [=# Kz, ''D |e WO` Q[O K<_.
HOf, P`_ WO^^qHO WÔ` K@O ^ H^ W`_ =|`_`
~H*u "~ JkKKHx =iO` HHO@`~ H^! Jx O O^_.
`# *+ ^~_# q+ Q"#x P~OK_. J~` |e, D uH"# ~^
HO [O K<_? ...^. *x J~, ^~=##iOz K<_.
WO^x HiH# J#iOz, |e KH=ix x~kOK xqÒ q+= i "=<=`~_
[# qOK_. H~K`~_Q "=#_ ''J! < =_ J_Q <
WOKO_. JO` K Jx JiOK_. Q~=Q HK~ KiH# _ \OK
O_, JO` è _, |eKH=i =_ J_Q < ^~_. ''Jiq`=,
`= JQ K`#= =O^ iq` ==Q D ~*^ ZO`\ q? Jx
Zy LO_@ K`< P qÔQ ^#O K"_. WH q+Q"#_ =*O K`
uqH=H~_ `# ^=K uH=# PHqOz '=_= J_Q |eKH=i
t~ LOz, P`xx `H=# O, JK@ iq`xQ K, `< |eKH=iH
~HH@Ò =OK_.

N=+ =i : F ~=KO^! W\H _ |eKH=i `H ~* L<_.
r=#_Q P`_ z`_, x~O`~ ~=` ^# ~}_ "QO^K<_.
D OK=@ WO^ J#k#O `~_ O@# @ L^#_,
''<# ~^ JYO_=Q P` `` =< H^! J# ZH# P~Oz Ki<_.
~| =OK` `# H#Q}OQ OK WO^`=#H "z<_. O^
J~<, P^ J~< ~=K. =K. P`x =`= q= O^@ ^. z`
@O HxOK OH~"# ^"yH L+Ò LO@O^? |eH |k_ Y
^Y ==O^ KOK= O^@^. D Q=, D J<H q==
W=h P` ~_#Q < =HO [iQ q<^= H^! Jx =#K<_.
P`x =# "~Q =OK Oux OkOk. Y ^Y=, =, J==
W=h Z\ =< J\Q `<x QOK_. "\O^ LOu LO_
*^x Q=xOz, "\H ''Jf``= P~OK_. J`_C_ ~Ò, `
HO, ~z`_, x~O`~ P`~=_ qi<_.
`~ P |e KH=i WO^ ^qx Ok, =H=# eOKK D
|O_=# z~HO =OKQ_.
422
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
J~` J\ ^q O z#C_ "^=Qx, Jk `Q@K M^= Qx O^_ .
~ u QÒ^ =~= Hey ^ O`+ z`_ LO@<_.... LO_Q_.
~#~O Uk Jk O^K z`_, PH== x~_ q~l
K<_. P qÔ Q P`_ ~|= # [~Oz", [K H =H J~K<O^K<_
=!

10. <~q+~}
N=+ =i : F ~"! |eKH=i U =~O *x J_ q=iOK#. h=
_ J\ ^$+x J=OaOz r=#_ = Q=. ''<# x``~_<! Jx x~Oz,
~+ =O K` J^ ` ^=# P~OK.
F [#~! `K=Q = =^=@ ^$+#O` xe, `$H =$^Q
"`HHO_. |eKH=i Jx "k O=`~ q ~*^# J#qOz, `$x
O^< ^. z=iH "~Q=< P~OK_. WH_ Q=Q HxOKK#=h
HH"} ^Y H~H=Q< i}q<~. Q ==#O` |kK `lOz,
x`` z^#O^^Y~ `= J~# L`= ^" ^ J^ H =Q Hey LO_O_.
D ^$ ^~= q"K<^$+x "iH J<H qH~= HQ *<~.
''^~ HO_ ##.... J#@Q, g\ O^ J"= O ~x L#^x Q=xOKO_.
x+[#OQ x~}OQ OzH =$` "O@ ~Q f D =##
$^ ~O "OK - JO`~=# PHqOz ~=# H J~
"QO^ P`"Q }O*@" LzÒ.
<<! h= Z\ "_" ZQ=. ~=# HtO* ''z^k`_=
J~, D OK=O`\ h" "Oz<=. =i h `= Z=~? q`_=_?
D ^$=x U" Hx O@##Kz, JO`=Ò K` =~OQ P`^=
#O_ ZO^ Ku O^@O? F =! h= "" xH J#O`_=. Pk ~+_=.
~`=_=. z<` s~_=. J\ h= =K D qq^ ^~= ~=#
îOz, q[$Oa<=.
`~~qÔÒ [Q`=~[V=" I
^x`k `^ `=}Q} ^ II ( 47, ~ 29)
''x` ^ ~_=, ^_= JQ h O^ - ^~= #O^ =} =
- =~[OQ=`H=Q D OK=O` QK|_#k.
F L=# H~}O G 423
h= [xOK@ ^. =~}OK@ ^. [## =~} Ou ZO^ KC?

N~=_ : =s! r=xH D [## =~}^ ZO^ <~?
N =+ =i : `$+ =$k KO^@K`< ''[<^ J< =~QO |Òk. `$+
#ye` Jq _ #y`~. ''`$+ `$ ~`= ...D ~O_\ Uk
Lz`", Uk J#z`" h" sHOKH. Q=@ `$+# q_<_. H=O H
=`_" LO_. [Qn~_= z^k`_= JQ h LxHK`<, h= HiOK@K`<,
`"#\ D [Qk=O` uOk.
F ~[#~! q~O` =~OQ HOKHO_. ^~xH 'Y ^Y=
J##"g q =. q~O` `Q i^ z` J~ L<~. q u XH~
''~` ~, ~= H J~ L<~x =~==^.
|O^= #O_ q_=_@H W\HC_ `j~ HO_. n=#C_ W
KH @H"e H^! XH K=`~"# q+O Q=x<~? D =# "^@
OQ `# q+=, ^~= z=~ K ^Y^H=Q< H=
H=OQ i}q<~. "@"^\ HO` JOQ#, H+OQ# JxOK `
WOk O== "II#q r=# HH"} JÒuH"# YO k<~.
JO^K` ~=! qH L#O`=~ JO =^=^. P J=#
O|OkOz H# _ i`lOK.
N~=_ : q! `"# =`= aOKk Z\?
N =+ =i : ''W+, J~+= J< H# `lOK@K`< `"# =Ò
aOk. J\ =Ò $Ô ~_` r=_ =~ D O~= #O^
[xOK_. XH Ji "_Q D =# `# WK =z# ^~= O^
OQ=Òk. ^xx "\ #O_ `yOz Jk#=Q z<`=#O^ <He.
JO K`, '~` =# J# JOO` D =# J< =^ >#Q# xQ OKe.
JC_ "H= J#|_k ^#O`@ J^ =Oy@ =z "Òk.
D r= J< ''D ^= x`= Jx #=Hx LO@<~. q^
^$+K H+`"# 'z`= Hey LO@<~. QOH= =j`QK<~.
=~` O, Jq"H= # P~OK@O HO> ^Y^" # q+ O WOHH_ Un LO_^ .
"~O` q" H"< = HOH.
P``` x~O q+O q"H, "~Q K =YO. $^HO
L^~OK 'Jq"H= J# "=# ''qK~}` _# q"H= J< "= H
424
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
"QO` `yOz "e. OQ uOKe. K= ijeOK@O, PÀ
K L^^ q#@O x~iOKe. H` P`qK~} Z\ L^~Ok KC?
T~H ì ~O> UO [#O? Q~^ = ^~ JO`~ Y ^$+K OQ
P`# J=HOKe. O> P` =HO H^.
F ~=! h= Q~^K P` ux Ok#"_==. h q $`"#\
P` ^ OKK#k. ''qH=O@ #\ z<` (H ~=`) ^
H=x\ "Oz #k J# q*#=# ~ ~KH. ~OH=
Jf`_", Oq==h =|OQ qiOz"~. OK
H`H=# î*~h =^. ^YO #tOKO> Jk~}=H H=O K|`#,
q#-
1. *#= H~H ^_@O.
2. JO^ ^#`"# ''qK~} (Enquiry)# K~H=@O.
3. qK~}K [x# J=Q## q"H "~Q=K H_H=@O.
4. =^=, P= D ~O_O\x ^y~ ~hH=@O.
5. '=k Y= J# J=$`=# #O K@O.
6. L`~`~ qH# Jk~OK@O.
7. U_= qHO^ qOu, Ma=$k.
Z\ =~H` 'P` ^+=` _#k Jx h JxO^ J\ =~
Ò K LO_=O^! P=~}= `QQ< ~ HOH= `y`~.
h H '^ |H= H\ `=Òk. JC_ Jh `y, 'H= |#O^
~_= J~ LO\=.

F L=# H~}O G 425
V. ^ <~} O"Ô
1. ~}Ht O~O
N =+ =i : ~~=! ^#"~_, i +_ J~# ^_
XHC_ qK~} K# q^"q\ K|`#. D qK~} ijeOK@K` ~`="#
*#O aOKQ^x J#=AQ =h JaO.

`HO '~}Ht_ J< ~ Q XH ^`_ LO_"_. P`x =O^

~ Qx, J~ Qx Ô x|_H"~. P`_ <~}_O`\
^ <}O H"_x Hk. `# |~H==` WO^x [~Oz, P`x
=^ =H= S~=# y"Hx J#q LO_"_.
~}Ht_ > ^ iOKH ^=` Nix ~}"_~. ''~! i
J~# =O ~hO_ Jx K "iH P# Jqz O~. HO`HxH
~}Ht# ''^_ J< =~_ HeQ_. P "_ N=<~}x @
J##"# H Hey LO_"_. i^+ J~# ~}Ht_ =~Q~O` HO^ q^
K_O_ ''iH Hey L# ^x J<H ~HQ OOK_. Pt`=`_Q
i `## ^+Oz<, U=#_ Qx.... `# x k T~O\_?
XH~A ^x ez ~}Ht_, ''Uq~, J~! h= K i ZH_
L<_~? < _ ZC_ i_. W\HC_ h ix KOK...
ZH_<_! ^, iH =~z. D ~O_ HÔ\", D ~A D Q^Ô_O`
x# Oi#... JC_ U i =z J_O\_ K# Jx OHi
eH_. JC_ J##"# H Q ^_ ''<<! i ~O`~q. J`_ x
K> ^. h= H~H" Qx, P# h JO`\ ^~#q_. h JO` `=#
H=H^-"=^=`~# [~Oz, x~ $Ô` XHi D
~=# ijeOK. JO` hH +=Òk Jx q#=`` eH_.
JO`... ~}Ht# HO =zOk. ''Fs ^+_! JO`\ "Oz
L<_x zz =@ `<=, J~` h ix D O O KOKQ "....?
Jx eH_. JC_ ^_ ''F! Ò_! ~=# JO`~q, `"#
P^~= J~# <~}_ D O= =Ò ZO^ LO__? Jx K`
426
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
*_Oz #=iOK_. ~}Ht_ `#, ''D ~A D OQ`^ `H"e....
Jx J#<_. Q^ K`@x g~"O` P H< L# O=# Q^` "^_.
''@\ ^#` OO pe~Ok. z`"# ''OO ` =#=x "O_O
~O OH~ K XH PH~O |_eOk. HkH}< P ~H_x
J^xH fHx Q~u Hx O^ =O, WO\ |@, H#\
Q=O q^, 'P^= Jx K|_#\ `# Q` P ~}Htx @ pe
KO"Ok.
^+ tH_, t+~H_ JQ P Ni P qÔQ HHO@_Q ~}Htx,
J`x i"~x ^#=_ _Q ^xH, ^=`, ZH= Jqz
H " `_ JO`~#"< _. H #~O ~=# L#H kOz,
`# Pt` "`x H=# K\_.
H=OQ JO` ^=}yOk. ^_ JO`~O *~_. ^_ \a+_
Ò_ #= ~[O U =#k. #~Oq Hk QO@ $+Oz#
H QiOz z, P ~A ~u ^_ UHOÒQ `# D qÔQ
zOuOKQ_.

2. <~}H~}O
^_ (`#) : P! D = @O| Q ~H HO^~ HO^~ ''"O
Q"O! Q O^ Q"O! ==# Z=~O K~ ? Jx ZC_ q]gQ`
OKiOK"~. "Oîh N=<~}_ Hk xq =O ## #e#@
OiOz"_! '"O Q ~H= H"O! J##" z=~ , P =~ O`
UO ~Ò O^~? JO^~ _ KOK =Ô `~OQQ HO`HO
HÒ D uH OKO L^qOz, =#-=^-Q~` x<^ K, P
s~` HkHO D q OKiOz, z=~ P s~# WH_ =ê Z\ "o
"~ H^! P ~[ O^, ^=` @ LyOK ^+} |* WC_
"< ~? ZO^ xH=K~? i #$tO~_ =z H} J<H= Ok ~H g ~
=#-=^-Q~ iOz"~! JO` iOKQ, "iH D HO U"<
qyeO^?
WÔ` ijeO> Wq ZO` H+`~"# q+! ''==e Kz ^=`
i`<~, KK~! ... Jx Qi K# OK~O D ~A ~H*uH UO
F L=# H~}O G 427
YO `z\O k? D O^ J"# q` H|> Wq ==# ^Yi`Q

K"<~. ^=`K` T_QO K~OK#\ L^=~Q ~H g~ W
WC_ ^# x~`` QK~K<~. "#"#\=~ ^=` < Ò_H
_ n# LO_"~. WC_ < |O^= P ^#`x `= J#q<~.
qkQux =zOK@O Z=i `~O! x#\^H = #Q~O =#=`, =#=` D
$+H `H"# P~}=Q "QO^k. WC_"#k? P #~Oq =z
~O_ Q_ HO `# Ò_=O` JO` <=@O K_. ~ ~< |@
ez J<H=Ok ~H g~# =@\_.
U qO*=~=` = Ò_ = x~O`~O iq LO_" J=h
WC_ P WO^x qOK\xH "~. P <~}x ~} "_#O^ ^=`
H H_ì, "~ O`+=Q LO@<~. 'q` J< =Ô =xy`#
^=`# q+ Q"#_ ~HOK_. Jx\H P< =~_. P# JO_KKH<...
D ~A ^=`k K ~ J~, "~ ^` # "kO QQ`<~. }, HO_|O,
HH" # èq`@ L yOz #~O ~_Q q+^ = x Z=~ =O K HQ~?

D H=x ~}~OîH ~} "_@ JÒ` ^H"# #"
P N=<~}_. JO^K` ~==K`#, ~`=K`# P ix
~} "_@" LO. r=OîH P`_Q^, Qu! P q+=# =~KH"O>
P## qOKe. J"#"\x qOz J"# Qux <# ZO^ Oê?
$+ u = H~}`_Q F ~"~! <~}=s! ~=#
=H~}=, JzO`= JQ h == #=~O!
Jx"` P~ <~}=[O ^ I
O< ~` <~}=" II
'[# J#|_#^n x"_! [#H~ P= L#"_! <~}! D
H}O #O_ x# =`" ~} "_K<#! D ~ ^ H ==O^
JO`\ <# <~}==Q QOKK<#.
FO #"<~}u =O` ~~ ^H I
<-u == $`` PHk= =~` II
PH= #O_ "= `y, =iOHH_H< "o QQÒ^? ^.
J\Q ''FO #"<~} J< =OÒ U=Ò < $^H= #O_
`QO_QH! ~~ ^H" ~^ "QO^QH!
428
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
`~, _=~, L`~O, ^H}O ...WOH `k`~ kh _ q+ ~=.
PH= _ q+ ~". D [Q` JO` q+ ~" J~#C_, WH <<!
J"_Q P q+=< H^! J! WC_ <# q+=_# J#. ''<# q+
~_< J# SH= OÔ_, ''q+=# "~#^n ZH_ LO_*^... J#
J=Q# Hey LO_O_ q+[ K [#" Jx < JxOk.
i ^<= =` <-^ J~ LO_^. LO_*^. J\Q ~ r= _! P q+" D Lk
'^_ J# ~ Hey LO@<_!
=~H Lk =~H ~! q+= "~Q ZH_ Uq L#k? ...JO^K` <<
JO`\ "Oz L<#. << q+=#. << D ~~ ~^ "_<
L<#. D J#O` PH=# `# ~H` xO "Q Q~__ < "#"
L<_. K@ H= qOu fO@ LO\...! P qÔQ KH=,
OY=, Q^, J= "^#=h D < K` J~OQ, =ÔQ qOu
fO@ LO@<~.
< D KuQ =} =}H = HO` "^[K<~. H~Q~O =k
#C_, P Xi_H < Ok#k D #_". P q+= Hi J<H `, J<H=Ok
=~ ~=# < HxOk. J! q+= H` [Q` ==#
Z\H C _ H\ O KK ''XH Q WO^*Ox qO Q < Z^~=`#k.
J<H <= ~` [ [ x<^ D [# eHk P UH<~}< H^!
q+ ~_#Q < =Y=#O^ D ~KO^ ~O_ HQ "QO^
K<~. < h" s~" JO`\ Jx" JYO_" "QO^K#k. ^=
K` |~" PH== =sqOK 'OK[#= J< OY= D <
_Kux JOHiOz LO\Ok. |^=xH [##"# H== < <a O^
[xOz < Kux JOHiOz LO\Ok. ^= ^#=# _ =iOKQ Q^, k#
~H=~=` xO"Q =~KHO ## JO\@Hx LO@<~. K_# YO_Oz,
^=`, P#O^x WK Y_q^. ^#+OH~` ^~~ QO_ '^_
=xOKQ ~V= J# ~Q ^# < =# JOHiOz#k.
JOMH=Q D |O_=x\h < O^ J#O`HOQ îOz
LO@<#. D q < ~ O_ ^=. PHO < t~ . D '~ `=
F L=# H~}O G 429
J#|_ =_ H= < uH s~O. k < @. Q~_x =# Jk~Oz

<# =O > HHO @, J^~ x~` J~# ^+r = "# uiy i`<~.
P h=~_, Ò|~î, Q^î, H "`_ JK`_ J~# =q+=# <<
J~ L<#. OH =Ò K` D =H=# H}O Ôz"Q# H^!
WH ## Z^~#Q"~ Z=~? Hy "tOK q_`Q ## Z^~#"_
q<#= QqOKH#K<_. =O^ ^$+ H"~ "`~# OK# @ ^=`,
~H < `*= ~=# Kz OK~. |, WO^_, Jy, ~^_
"^Q =hO` "< ZC _ Q_ K#k #<! <# ~" ~_ # .
~ Ô^= Jf`_#. ~`= "# ==` _# "_#. =Ô
_QO_O L#@, D =_H= <O^ L<~.
XH " #O_ ^+Q"ix |`~OQ q<#"#~@O, =~H "Q
", ~`, ~ r= x"#" LO_@O D ~O_ < H~H==!
~ $+ `# O^ î# < q qO~ qO`~ qO`~`
q~` ~O H}HO HìOz#O`=Ò K` D r= ~ ^Y=
`y`~! J\ q+~_#Q < <# OQ Ô_ }== K<#.

3. q+ =#O
P qÔQ ^_ `# `#=#, =## q+=OQ K, WO`< ''<#
WC_ J\ ==x`_Q =q+=# lOz OÒ*#... Jx `K_.
^_ : OY KH Q^î=Q F =! q+=s! < [ H J#`
H~ HeOK# D ~ <== XH =+ H^! =+ _ H^. =i
WOH=~? < "=~"! WO^ Ug O^=# P~O ^.
<H ''"=~" J~L# P q+ Q"#x $Ô< LO_ <
<<, < QiOz << DD h K<#. $Ô #O_, }"QOK
=# ^~ HeOK|_K# D O[ex, P q+Q"#x ^ =i...
W^ < Ò!
"#` =~_ ~KH K`+
OY KH Q^ } =OQ K`~[
KO^~ ## N=< H# ##H#O^#
^} qH ~V^< =û II
430
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
`^#O [= i"~ =x`"
~ =<= ~O~ ~=
`Ù#O =^=O [~=" #
[ OQ=` |~` II
Q~_x `# "#OQ H"_, ''WK, *#=, H, J#Q= J< <Q
k="# H"_, OY=, KH=, Q^ KÒ^ îOz#"_, KO^ ~
`# ~O_ HQ H"_, J~# P q+= ~ ~` "QO^K<_. '#O^H=
J# ~ Q Y_O K` îOz [# O`+O HQ* LO\_. q"#
<`= H"~, Ku H== HeyO\_. [= '~V= J# ~ Q
^# îOz LÒ HQ* LO\_. J\ OQ i"~
"`_Q q+^=x [ =#` ~Oa<#.
=#` [ J~# `~"` ~`= ^` "# [ _
K#. L s` JiOK^# QH!

W\ `z, P ^ _ ~ =y ÒQ H uQ q+^ = x lOK_.
Ja+H=`#, `#, ^ n <" ^ =`#, ^H } -#=~-P` =~}
`# P## JiOK_. P JO`~O< Lz`#O =iOK_. L`= , x++
H` xO_# =#` =#H [ PKiOK_.
HO` [. =iHO` =#H"# [. D qÔQ P`x ^#
H#yOk. Hx ~A J~<^# K< L<_. ''^ ~*, `^ *
J#@Q< JH_ ^` _ q+Hx J=~KHQ~. [ PK~=H
H~}`_ ~* H^!

4. ^=` HHO T~@

~H O^~ q+^ +O `l< ~h, q+ H x =~< ~x "~ ~ HO
=~ "OK~. WO^k ^=` D q+O qx P~~. ''D ^` q\?
q+Hx HiOK@"q\? ZO^H\ [~QÒk? Jx P~Q~. Q|Q
H~Q~O *i, <~}x` W@ x"kOK~.
^=` : ^"k^"! Pk<~}! ZO` P~" KK~? q @ ZC_
q~^" Hey LO_ ~H D ~A q @ H` `# LO@<~. =i,
F L=# H~}O G 431
H~}"q\ è^. WÔ` U^< =H K~ H^ H^! x# "#\^H

O`z`Q =# P= =z qÔO K LO_>"q\? D<_" ...
q`"# [# u Q` H~}O HQ q+Hx J=~KH=@"q\? ZO`
L`= H~ [#OQ q+H J=_Òk. ^+~# x~iOK"~ =<
H@q\_`~ `... q+ HH J~` O^_^? ~O~}_ LO_ XH
hK_ hu H q^_< _O> Jk ZO` J=O[O? D ~H q+ `<~O>,
D "~ ==# ZO^H, @Òk. J="# XH =} K` O_<,
QA O =^ LO_@O UO LzÒ KO_! JHOQ ... Jk Y
^=O\~? ZH_< "H, H He rq? U ^~O ZH_O_@O H^
... Jk JH_O_@O " \ J=Òk? e H~O fO@O> ... Jk J= "
H^! U rqH UU Q} LO\... P rq JO^ `y#\ u Q` H Q_`_x
"^x~O H^! J#z`"# ~O_ == XH K@ LO__^ H^! H==
h L#C_ a~Qx.... < aOK"! D ^#= ZO` HOQ ~=
qK~}~`= Jq`= J~# U"" PK~ ==~ x=Q=Ò\~.
=~Hix OOK@O `C ^x =^~OKO\~. =i... J^= "# hK=$u
Q ~HK@? $+ "Ò JÒ` q`=, J<H [# PiOK# }
eÒ J~#\ q+H ZH_? H= LO_ ~ ^+"H ~Q^ ^Y
^" J~#@ ...q @ ^#= H _ = KH =xOK@O ^.
N=<~}_ : F ^=`~! ^ _ < _ . q~ J`x QiOz zOuOK=#
< ^. P`xH W^ PY~ [#. D [#< `# H H =O K` "H=#
J~_ JQK<_. WO`H q~ ZO^ ^d<~ KO_?
Q}"< x~}*` Wu J#~H=O q^ I
x~} Q}"< *` W` kÔH=" II
Q}=O`_ Q}#_` J#~= Òk Qx, Q}#_ ZO^K`< < Q}=O`_
J=Ò> ...Jk =Oz^ H^! Jk JOîH O`+" # q+ ". ^ x Q}=,
=~Hix ^Y>q H<H=. ~r= q+`` #OÔ HQ* QeQk.
JO^K` q~ xtO`Q gg #= "O_. q+`` O JOî ` =!
W@ eH q+Q"#_ H~Q~ H~@= JO`~#"<_. J\ #O_
^=` T~@*O^~. `= _ P`x @ , ~" Hey LO_@O
~OaOK~. =` Z=i @ O`+ Hey LO>, `k`~ _ "i @
Qi ^~Òk H^!

432
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
5. `~}O
^ _ D s~O`#, "`#, =#`# qq^ = qq^s `Q
q+ [ K Hx ~A Q__. HO`HxH, P`x JO`~OQO q"H=,
O`+, "~Qk L`= Q} OO^~. D ^$ OKO WOk
`~_ Q=^ '^ ^$+ P@Q J~~ÒQ `K
Q~. =#+ OKiOK K@ `, = OKi? ~=# =##O
K LO_ P ^x =# HH"# ^#, <s [<k q+ K@ aOK@O
^. P`xH D H ^$^~= U XH\ u Q@O ^. ''D ^$
Qh ~Q ~= H^! g\ UO `H` L#k? J# xO"# J=Q#
P`x O^ ~k^H#k.
P`_ Q @ ~ P# q_<__. J~#\H, ZO^H... P`x =#
~ qOu O^< ^. P`x z`= W@ Q=# P~OK@^... J@
^ |=#O^ qOu O^@ ^. P`xH Uq K =@O ^.

q+ Q"#_ `# H ''ûH= ~` "= ... J~#\ *#
HK `# _Q ^x =#H ux Q=xOK_. O`+O, LÒ
HeyOK@O P# H =O H^! JO^K` `=~OQO_ ^x *
=Ok~O "tOK_. ^_ `# Z^@ =i=O`_ `H"# q+Q"#x
KK_. H` s~_ ~u~HO` ^ QO`H` W Q#O K_.
^_ :
u=# =<a~=HO, H HOH~O ~O H"
J~}~}O ~}O, DO, i", J[", JK`", D~O ^ II
=^h OxHO, ~^=O|~ H@~=#"
=~ uq~H[JO[<O, ~[ KHQ^^~O ÎI
q= =eH H=OQO, `[ OH[ _ OY" I
u~}` q~x KOKsHO, $^ ^Ô ^ II
`#YQ} `~HqH~O, `^=## =~# aO|"
$^=} =sz*QOQO, i~Ô|~" P``" ^ II
Jq~H$`$+ ~b#O, ``" J*`", J=~#", q"
Q}`[~~a*` ^", `~^~#" J~HO ^ II
F L=# H~}O G 433
#= qH` ^~}Q~O, @H= = q+ÒQ"

k#= = J~}OQ~QO, H#HxO|~ O^~O ÎI
k`` #eh `~Ò, ~#eh `` Lk` J~aO|"
H=[ #eh [=~O, $k#eh xO qO ^ II
u=# #eh `~qOÔ, uq~ =# q" n=Q"
@`~" J[_O z^``` O, [Q^di~O iO^ II
! N=<~}! "^"! uH~HH! $Ô , |@ _
L# JO^H~O #tO* =#"! D [Q`, ~KO^ U~_@ H~}
"#"_! #=~=! kx"iH kh"H^! ~ ~}_=, D~_=,
JA_=, ~ ^Y~_= JQ F q+Q"< ! <# x# ~}"_K<#. $^
H=O "^" ~=Q Qey#\ |^=x îOz#\ h" ==# ~HOKe!
J#O`, PH~_=. Pk=Ô` ~`_=, D q$+#O` h O^ b#
"#~#"_=, Lù q< ~`_= JQ F Ò_! H=O
h= ''`= "^# =Q}=K ~`, <`#, O^~ ^ XH
a _ ~O =K] @ P x~@
H^! J\ q OQÔ _ }==.
H ^qK JOHiOK|_# =HO Q q=# q<#. ~", ^+
H# x~iOK ~H# =@\ , q Q ^=`#, `k`~# ~^
~H LO\~ H^! < =~= P= H = q ^= =`"!
q=# ~} "_ K<#. H~} =x\H ~_ Lù#"# @... D [Q` x
urqH Lù #O q~! 'J*#O J< H~pH\ `~\_Ò>, = a#
HOu n" q~. q~ x`! O H! [_`=HO> qH}"#\
z^`~! ~} =ÒK` ~r= ^Y=# iOz""~! Ns!
<~}! ~~! n#|O^! q=# <# =~=~ P~<#. ~}
"_K<#. ~ x O^Q~#@, OQ_# a_ èH ~# H~
#@, <# q PQ=<x H~HO@<#. q ^~#"#k, WH <HO H"e!

^_ K# `# qx q+Q"#_ O`+Oz, ZO` "Ò` W@
eH_-
N=<~}_ : `! ^! h H~H"# `xH <# OÒK#. h
L# HOKO x~Ò `yOK< LÔ` =K#. h Uq H" H~H! Jk
<# h O`+OQ Wz x# P#O^~#.

434
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
^_ Jk qx, H K# __. P! Uq k#O! ~H x=
_Q ~O^=_ < =O^ =z Uq H" H~H=O@<~! U^ =#`,
=#O =#"# q+ J_QÒ! ~H~, ~H JQ D ~~x UO
J_Qe? U" Hx == J_Q=K! ...Hx, Uk Ok<, JÔ` HO` HxH
qQ HeyOk. ...z=iH ^YOQ i}qOk H^!
^_ : g! <# Un Hi ^xOK@O ^. g@ =ÔQ = [xOzOk.
< WOHO H"e. JO` J H=!
N=<~}_ : <<! h JH$u= H = =iO`Q O`+OK#. Uk
H"< Wz O`+O*\xH <# OÔ.
^_ (`#) : J~<... D ~H= L`"`="#^k? ~O~
^Y=# `yOKQeQk U^< L#^? J\^^< LO_ LO_=K<"! J~`,
|kQ < Jk" è@O ^!
J~<, < Z^~Q L#k =#_! ~A_Q <~}_ H^! < |kx
LyOz U^ XH\ J_Q |^, P#< OuOz, P `~"` J_y` ^?
^_ (N=<~}x`): ! q~ ~OH= ^` H^! ~
H JO`` LO\~. WH q=# <<O H~e! ^~#O kOK~. <
JO` K! J~`, JO`\ q~ < ^ ` U^< H~H=O>... U^H\ H~H"e
H^..! < J|kx LyOz U"< Hi`... P Hi# ^x [#O _
JOQ< LO@Ok. q~ Ò_, ^~_, q`_, ~= H^!
JO^K` q XH z# q#O K<#. q~ Uk ~`==x, ^YO~
^+~`=x J#O\~ ...J\ ^xx, < J~`# J#iOz q~ kOKO_.
q~ Uk W, ^xx =ÔQ Hi#.
N=<~}_ : <<! ^! ~`="#k ~^+~`"#^ LO_e.
~ == , ^$=O`\H Jf`" # ^ LO_e H^! JO^K`, ~= #O^^H" # k
=*O ^. '=H Jx\H qOz#k. J~`, O~ =~`"#\ =Hu
=Q"#\ hH J=Q##O_ Ok. JO^ h h=Q `` qK~}#
P~OK@" LO.
~"`="# POQ h= |=#O^ O`~H"# qOu aOK
=~ '`` qK~}# K~. P`H ~ " QiOz ''qK~} LHqOK.
=!

F L=# H~}O G 435
W@ eH, z~#= i <~}_ JO`~#"<_. ^_ qH

H ~=O` $^=O[e =iOK@O i K, J\HC_ UHOÒQ
XH K@ ^#O " Hx ~<_. HO` JÒ` u~HOQ N=<~}x
Ò Q#O K_. WH P qK~} LHqOK_.

6. `` qK~}
^_ (JO`~OQO) : ~O~ ^M# OiOK Q P q+=i WC_
< K#^q\? 'qK~} K~ Jx H^! ~, WC_ <# qK~} ~Oa<#.
<# qK~} K=Ok ^x QiOz? '<# QiOK! Jk P`qK~} _ H^!
<# J#Q Z=_#? - D =\_K, #_KK, ~O@, P `=
K, q+=# Hi WC_ D qK~} LHq#\ <# Z=~?...
^$Ox XH ==<?
''H-~~=\ =O\ XH ^~= <? ^ = LO@ ~ =# K# \
<# XH "# ==# Z\ J=`#? XH =~OQ K D ^=#
"#^n <# H^.
D ^" <<? - (XHi `# Ô " KK_). D H#|_ < ^=# XH
i ij#Q K, Wk HkHO HÒ ~Ok^H x =iHk HO #tOKÒk.
Wk OQ Uq K^. nxx P H qxy#k <#. =i <# D
^ =# J=`<? ~H =O qHK ~OHey# D ^ O }"=K
LxH K#=# O^Òk. D ^<#=# _ H<# <# WO^x
H, K`, K~= J=\xH g^.
<# |=<? - ''^ Jx [#K =|_K# <# XH |=<? |O
D < K=K HeOK|_#^ <HO L`#=`, WO`< #=# O^
Òk. Q, Jk =#O^ LO\Ok. OQ =iOKkH^ H#H Jk [_"#k
=`". [_"#k <<\ J=`#?
~#=" <<? - D K~=# U^< `H#C_ XHH} HO '~ J<
J#=O \, WO`< #tOzÒk. XHC_ U~_, =~HC_ O_ =K#
JK`# =Q '~# <<\ J=`#. Jk <K O^|_ 'J#= O =`" . 'J#= A_
J~# <# "~ ... J#= O "~ . ~*#O-~= O < Hx = LO_=K
QH! =iHx = LO_H=K. Jk <<\ J=`#?
436
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
< ~= ~z? - D s~O XH Q" D s~OQ< Jx`"# D
<H <# uO@#C_ '~z J# J#ux HQ*Ok. Q, D <H <
= HO^ #O_ HO~QO =~ =`" qiOz#k. 'P^# J<k _
XH "# J#=O =`". J@ ^~= W@ <H XH K@ *i#\ <
J#O^#" Jk. J#Q Jk < =HO <K, q`" LO\Ok. J\ [_#=O
=i <<\ J=`#? H#.
H#|_ ~= <<? - XH<H ~O` <# K_|_K<#. J~` WH_
K=`~O U=O> D ~= J#|_k H# H Jn#O LO@, ^+ O^
iH# O^K#k. ^+ H ^$+x J#iOz < D ^= ''-J,
`-q` W`k "` îOK|_Òk. <# D Ô ^+`= J< <
'H # î<#. H#H ^+ D < uH ~= HO> "~ J~ L<_. ~O
U~_\xH =O^ ^+ L<_. Z\ JO>, KK"_ =#=O^Q LO> H^,
'K_@O J< H U~_QeQk?
JO^K` ^$+ H ==Q '~=# <# H^. P ~=# Qi#
'^+ H ==# Hi# "_< <#. H#H '~O H J#= iq`_#
<# H^x èÒk.
"# (P}O) <# J=`<! - ~=Q< QO^= _ J#=O =`".
Jk _ OQ =iOKk H^. H|\ Jk <# H^.
=i WO`H D OKO OK~O K#\ <# Z=~?
D =# |k JOH~= <<? - < H =##= K ="
=# H^! J#Q, <# D ^$= "^# "\x =##O K LO_Q, J\
H# qA '=# J< ~ \~. <# K# x "~... <# "~ H^!
JO^K` =# J#|_k _ <# H^.
J^ H~}OQ x~`H=O J~#\ D '|k _ <# H^. '<# K
x~= <# .... "" L<= H^!
WH 'JOH~= J#|_^xH <# =... '<# J# =# JOH~=
H^! P =## =#K# <# ''J\ =#HO> =O^ ... J\ =# U~_@
#" LO_< L<# H^! H#H ''<# XH r=_# ... ^_#... D *u "_#
=O\ iq` JOH~=# Un <# H^.
=i< "= ~"q\? <<=_#? - (XHi P#OÔQ HH", =~ W@
J#HQ_.) ...F! WC_ èÒk. P` ==`=<^n ^
F L=# H~}O G 437
=# ^. P` =# HO> =#=O^ L#k. ...D OKOk=

O|OkOz# U J#== P` H^. ...~ OH= P= P` L#k. ...^
K`#~= J^xk ...J\ P` Z " <#.
z#~_#Q < O^ q+ = <" LO_=. ~ =# HtO*
#k
<<. `=, JYO_= JQ < H ~= K`< Qkx nO =, XH
~~ "^Hx, ~x =~ ~= HtO *|_Òk.
D [QÒ` U xiH zÔ J~ L#^ ...J\ ~ "H=Q ~`
<#!

Jy K`< JyH}= [iK<~ H^! K`# ~_#Q <=< D
WOk =$`h i<~. Jx\h "ey ~H~=O^ iOz L#k
P`. ^x =H=#O^ ~^~= ` ukOK|_Òk. uaO|=
PO J^" H^! D ^ WOk =< |^ P` P"=#k.
KO^_ jÒQ, ~Ò #OQ, ^=OQ LO_k P z^=O K`<.
''D Z^~Q LO_ ^~ (Matter) ZH_ #O_ =K~? Jx =#O ijeOK
O@ =#H. JC_ _ ''PHO ...PHO #O_ "= ..."=
#O_ Jy, ...Jy #O_ [O ...[O #O_ #O J# ij#h P` ^y~ #O_
|î, P` =^ =z PQK<~. ZO^HO>... PHO P` H ^#O
#O_ |_Òk.
u^xH =~H H~}O LO_ f~Òk ...XH P` `! P` =Ò =~H
H~}=O@ Un ^. '` ~"#\ J^, ~ H~}=O^ "Oz LO\Ok.
P`K`< ~= HQK<~. ''jÒ #O_ J<H PH~=# =OK
Q@Q P` Q"#x #O_ $+H H~} `Q | q+ =O^^
Pq~q < ~. "~O` $+H H~}=QK, P` `= Lù LxH B#`=
H~}=Q Hey LO@<~. J\ P`, P, =~H H~}=O@ Un ^. ^xx
=#"=~" < ''z`= q+ = ^+ ^~ #= ^$= Jx =^KHO>,
JÔ` ''iq`"# J=Q# =< Jx J#H`^.
J\ x` OH~=, < ~=, ~ ~= JQ P`
=~ =O^# =~} K<#.
WC_ < è=# ^=O>.... xiH=Q ''z^` O^ Q} `=#
^~=h u Hey LO_, ""=K Ht<~.
438
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
WÔ` OH=`"! - H;=Q D~~" H~}=x\H H~}" L#k
H^! J~` P K`#= U ^~= QiOz Z@ OHeO^, Jk J> JO`\
OqOKK#k. =iOHk H^. ''Wk O_ Jx J#O> J\k ''=\ O> "~#
O_ J##@Q< J#==Òk. Jk ^x<` qOK^ J\k H;
~=# L#\H _ Jk #tOz#kQ< JQK#k. P q z^H= XH
^~}= =O\k. D [QÒ|O^"# `Hk q+=, ^~=, Jh
JO^ uaOa<~.
J\ z^H" <#. PÒ^ D ^~= x\ H - =<|kz` OH~
H - Lù, =$k, H J^" L<~.
~=Q P`# O^\xH J~` q \? - J\ P` JAK QOK|_@^ .
WH z`~`Q x~ r= K`< Jk ~^ O^|_ J#==Òk. Ju
x~=Q z^H= [#Q *# =`" QKiOk. ==# H~}
`=Q z^= #O_ qq^=Q PK~=` _# ^$` q[$OaOk.
HO_ #O_ K@ # @Q<, K`# ~_Q ~= ` #O_ D q O K=O`
Pq~qOk.
| #O_ Q_ ~ H = ~ ~x HtO* k ~= `. `# PH~ ~ `=,
PÔ` ~`=, UH=, ~"H= J~ LO__, J^ `~}O D K~K~
}H@ $^ O`~= 'J#= O ~=# L#k <<. P ~= ` ~ ~_,
^ ~_ _ K<O^K<_. J#Q, D ^ < = ^
r=x ^ } ^~} h
P ~=`"!
D Z^~Q H#|_Ô` L#k <<...! - D =~ [OQ=`H=Q }H@
s~h Jiz# ~OQ ~=` ~_#Q <O^ L<~. J#=
~=, UH= JQ << ~=# ^$# _.
<< ^+# ...K_|_K#k _ <<! ...^$H, ^+, ^~#= - W=h<
z`! D JOMH=Q H K` Hey#"_# <<.
<# ~x ~=# îOz ... JkQ.. PHO q~O K<#. "
^=` Jx " OK~O K<#. OY KH Q^ `=Q < ~"
[Q`Q ==iOK|_K#k.
<< D [Q`#O^ Pq~qOz _, ~^ ^#= q~[=#_"
xiH=kO^ qHe Oux O^K<# ...K`~Y_Q |# <<.
F L=# H~}O G 439
` `# s~ Q=h `# O^ ^KO@O^! P suQ <# u<`_<

HO D [Q`#O` O~"#~<#. XH =O WO^~=#
Ok D =_ H=# << # K<#.
=~q< ^=` <<_<#k <<. D J<H ~+ ~=
_ <"! <<!
XH " J#O` =Y_< XCK<#. =~H " ^^~_# JQ@K
^`=# O^K<# ...<< r"`#. << ~~_#. ~=`#!
<< ~~_< q O^ "H# L`#O K<#.
b~qÔ K~ [Q^_=~O ``" I
=a*` # VH_#HO ^ II ( 49, ~ 34)
P_H=\xH _ =\=# xiOKH##@, <H q= H~H
D [Q^_O|~=O` qiO*#. D HH=a+Q ^=`, HHO@QQ
~H ~OQ K<O^K#k <<!
WÔ` #< P~Oz LO\Ok - << JO`\ H~~=# "Oz L<#
H^! J~`, < ~O < H`~"# =~H}O D H~~` JO`
#tOKQ^. JO> Uq\...? `` ^~#=K r=#_<<<,.. i=H=QK# D
[QÒ` JC_ ''x^ J~Òk. < ''z^= J< ^~}= =O\ ~O
Uk uaOaO> Jk =`" LxHx Hey LO\Ok. `k`~"# ^xH LxH ^.
JO^H <HO> "~Q D OKO Un < ^.
+=x , QO^=, HOu _ <<! U^` OH~`" L#^ Jk
<<!... ~`<` (The factor of taste) "@"^@ [O "Oz LO_, J^ =$H=H
iOk H^! P qÔQ< Jx\H xq`H~}x(That which is causing all else) <<.
~`=_<, ~^~=O^ JO`~q< < WKK D q^=# 'r=
Oq` # L`#O K<#. O^ <~, [=#O^ ~z L#@, JxO\
JOî O^ =_ H=O^ z`H ~ OQ LO@<#. kh iOKK
=Qx, OHK=Qh x"_< L<#. ~^~= J`= kOK@K
'~H~ # <<. q~\ =@Q# (=+ =+Q#) ==i#k <<.
<<O`\ q ~_#! - D 'q [Q` J< ~[O <# H~O_< aOk.
P ! < < O ` \ q ~ ~ _ < H ^ ! < O^ < < Wq_ LO_ @ ^ !
x~u#O^~=# OQ J#`=QK# < P`H JO`=# <#
440
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
K_H`<<! ~[sq` #_z`# XH U#Q# LiH \ LOKQ=?
|K xiOK|_# '[Q` J# zxWO\ J#O` q~~=Q < z`~=
>^\? D H D |O_ ^\~, ''24 H, 36 `` ^\ ~
"K#\H < ~=# JO`^~H@" ^.
<, D iq` H#? Z\ ^~Òk?
WÔ` Q< L#k ...WC_ <^H OÔ-
''J#O`_#, P~`_# JQ < D ^^ H#O` Z\ HeyOk?
Pk JO`= x z` ~_#Q <<H_? ~H =O xi`"# 's~= J#|_
D iq``= ##` ZH_? Wk < OqOK@"q\? D 'h= <# J#
H#h q^ ~=, ==`" H^!
^= LO_@ Uq\? O_@ Uq\? =$`_=_? rq`_=_?
P ! 'P`*#= # =ê\, D OzH S~=O^, ''Wq ZO`
Q<~! Jx uQ#\ < sO` ZO`\ =~!
HO H =^$+~i` ||$O` I
Hs$c= c= ~[qua II ( 67, ~ 34)
|*#=# =$Ô KQ W\ < ~ ^$+ ZK@...? `K =Q
OH~ P^` _# D ~*, O^ ZH_?
J=#. ^ z# ^$+ Jx ^$+H< L`"`"#k.
z# ^$+ - <# q+=i`_<, ~^~=O^ H ~=# L<#.
J\ z^`~_#Q < << =~ =~ #=iOKK<#. z~HOQ ''`K
O~ "= # _ L# <x_ ''[#~`= J< X_ K~`<#.
W\H <# ~ J#~= x=$u J=Q #O " uH<#. U YO
O^, Jk O^@O K` WC_ <# _#. ~`=_#.
W\ `=Q P`*#=[ Y=# =^H=@"q\? ^Y=Q D
uH ~[O^# @x "_@"q\? ZO`\ `K=? D ~*k O^h
H =\ t =" H^! g\O^ u Q#@=O> XH H@HO D
Lkx "zOK@" J=Òk.
< Ò_ ~}Ht_ ` ="_O H^. =` e. Hx, P# K# ^q\?
''Jq^== J~#\ D ~* U@O, u#@O, `Q@O O^ =`"
^$+ LOz, P# D J="# `$ ~K\xH J=Hh qxyOK~. Hx,
F L=# H~}O G 441
UO kOz#@? UO ~~O Ok#@? $Ôx J*#O `Q<^? D

|#O^ Q~O =O^ ~* O^@O, "h, gh F_OK@O ZO` z#
q+? |#OÔ Ok`, WH `H#=h Ok#>. JO`Hh, ~* Ok`
|#OÔ a O ^? ^. i~= Q |#OÔ O^"xH D `K q+ =
"`H=# YO U"< LO@O^? U =Ò LO_^.

J#O`=Q 'k=^=# =ê@Hx, iz#=Q WOk ==~=#
"OzOK "_ U^ èq`=K`< J@ K<_ Hx, x[OQ èH^. u\
`^H# WO\ @Hx, ''`\ " `\ ^HHO> =iO`~zQ,
QQ LO\~.... Jx `KK " uO^=x "K@ ZH"_x U=<e?
~=Q P`^$+x =ê, ^$= @ PH Hey LO_@O J\k. K~O H#
\, O_ ~OHO H+Oz `KH=@" Jk! Jk =~`" =i.
< s èq`=K` Q Q ~* Ux H~<~. <#
=Ò P `C K#. Q=# P~OK\xH LQ_ D s~=#
KKHx ''D s~=`\"_< <# J< |kx [~#. ''D s~= HO> qH} "#
x`=Q P`==< <# J# ~O LO_ 'P`^ ^$+ x P~OK@O H"
~^ u LO\#.
P~@=O` =@=O - P``` =# P~#C_ ''D =_ H=
WH O^=#^q ^ J# J=Q# HQÒk. WH ~* Ok#"_,
WOH U^ H"h, O^h P~@_K< L<_ H^? ''z^=#O^ ="#
J#== L<~. J\ z^=< ZO^ J#qOK~^?
ZO^HO>... ~ "H" , ", xiH~" , ~" , ~ ^ "QO^K#\
P K`#=#O^ = Y=, JO^ ^# uaOa<~.
`[=x HH... KO^xx j`=... u=~x *# S~
q[=... WO^xx uHk`=... W=h _ JYO_ K`#= x".
=# H jQu, "=x |=, Jyx ^H`=, [=x ~z,
`^ W=h _ Jx~=, J"= JQ K`#=#O^ X#Q_K<~.

~ H= J<HK@ XHi iOk H^! qH~`"#\ z`H
qq^ ^~= XHi iOz LO_, ~ J#== `< H~ H J~
LO\Ok. ` H^! XH J#=O K^,
f, =, P~=, J=~=, J#=~= =O\ J<H H}=# H\ Ok.
`<#, "~=# ~z K# J#=O XH>. J^qÔQ... J^", `~"
L# 'z` HK r= ==, ^~ *= WÔ` UHH=# =~=#
J#qOK|_K<~. J#Q... OH=i`"#, HuH;"# P z`H ~
^~= O^ XHi "Oz#k.

7. =~=# ` q+`# x+kOK@O :

^$= H J= u
^_ (JO`~OQO) : XHC_ D z`= "^=K#=, PK~ L^=
qx QQ qK~} K @O K` '^$ =O H J=# J#^xx Q~ ~ QÒk.
J#Q ^$O H 'qOKO_@ # P~Ok. JO^ eÒQ H "
[x`"# ^Y=# i`lOk. P u D =^~=# K#C_,
'W=h x" H^! J#|_ x+^= KK#k. JC_H ~=~ J^ ` ==
Hey LO\Ok. J\ z`= ''==#<, q+=#<, r=#< ~Q=
Hey O_@ J# ^+==# q_z>Ok.
J\ q+~` z`= QiOz KCH"O>... Jk Q_z~# HxH
KOk# ~q+` OO^= x^QK#k. Jk "<~`= H^! ...D
=~=# HO , Z^~Q xz# ^$=# _ LH `lOz
"Ok. ''Wk Oê, Wk W\ LO_e, Wk `Qe J# qÔQ ~O Hey =O_
'q+`` O|O^ _ =ê"Ok.
ZH_ ^$==~O LO@O^, JH_ =`" ' `=~= #q +` J#|_q
LO\~. zÒ #O_ ^$==~" `y`, J\ z`= H=# JkQqOz#k
JQK#k. JC_ P z`" =`= `# ==Q Q 'z`H JQK#k.
z` HH J#"# Ô@ U^< LO>, JÔ` = H =". J\ uH
Jf`"# '=`=K < z`= xO"|_, Jk ^K`#" J~~ QH!
F L=# H~}O G 443
U^` Jx " LO_ LO_@O K` x`" #^, J\k `H=x, Qx,

q+` H=x Qx, =~=# H=x Qx KO H^!
Jx`"# q HO> H;"#\ z`H P^~}O. J~` J\ x`=Q
z`H "# Jq+" J~#@#^! ''J=#. P` J#|_k ZH_#k? J#
HOî ''P` - J= Ô`= _, WOk#== ^$ [Q` ^~=
^$ ''B# H^! J# suQ ~H" JQK#k.
uH q+=h `lOz# z`" "^ "Ô`K ukOK|_ J``=
"# q+O
P` : <H `k`~Oî H ~=# U=Ò "~ H#\
q+~` z`", H z`H 'P` Jx _ K|_Òk.
|= : =`~"#^Q@K Jk |= Jx _ =|_Òk.
< : WOk= q+" H^ Q#H ''Jk ZH_#k?...Jx tOK
|_Òk. '^ Jx "kOK|_Òk.
~= : | H$u HO`\ H J^ xq`=. H#H, 'Jk ~= Jx ukOK
|_Òk.
"H= : =i ~ = ''`< J~ L#k H^! P ~= K` # =#O^ ^$=O`
qOz =K#k. H#H ''"H= Jx _ J#|_K#k. |O^~`=Q P`#
JO`\ Jx\ JO`Q OîOK@" '"H=.
OH*= - HO\ ~=O\ ^+= L#C_ Z^~Q L# == HxOK=
H^! K`#= _ 'q+= QiOz OHeOK@ J# ^+= Hey L#C_
[Q`# =H^$+` gHOK*^. XH H H XH H# `_` H\ LOz` P
H PHO ZQ~Q^? ''Wk W+O, Jk J~+O J< =e#=# J_ @#
P z^= PH=# "O KHÒk.
J#Q... ''<# H K` Q XH r=_# J< =~ =~ `KK#kQx,
''<# z` K`#=# Jx J#Hx z^H= qiOKHÒk.
"x =H =z _ K#@, D r=O` `=H OH~O ~
K`< "O J< *O _K<~. < Ò_ ~}Ht_, < `` "^Q
"~O` è è OH *=K i"+` z=iH ''JOMH q+ =
J# "\ O^ e~. eÒ? ^Y~`=Q P`^qx "~ QiOK<^.
O! n#Q < s< D q s~O Ok, Qi` HkHO J@
444
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
W@ OKiOz, z=iH Q _ ~QQ q<#O O^~! U"" Q=H~H
P~@_, JO^K` HeQ Y ^Y="O@ ~ Q f |^, "_ `=#
FH#, J=H=# P``` = `H=_xH LyOz LO> ZO` QO_k!
^~k`, '^$ H 'OiH "==< pH\ ~ z<"~ H^
H^! z=iH [~QK#^q\? Z< KH\ L LO_, èq`@ LO_ _
HqH@H= = J# # "^#= H~H |uH n#OQ< QuOz`<~!
è_ èx "~ Ki<~!
Z=xO^` ` *# =O K` 'W+= J~+= J< ^=
qO^, J\"x rq`" ~HO.
~O ~ ^ HO H~ `" ! ZH_< KO^x L+` =O@O^? LO_^ .
^", x~H$uK "Q ~=Q z^=#O^ HOH= LO_@O Z\
Ô? JO^K`, ''<# HOH`_#... _#... x J# =@ iH^.
J@, ''<# J*xx - |^_# - J_#... Jx =<^~# P` PkOK@O
UXHiH iH<H^.
F< P`^"! #=~O! - x~=, x`=, xd=, x~=#= JQ F <
P`^"! ~=! h= Jqz#=Q z^`~==. J\ h #=~O.
J#Q, <H < D #=~O.
P` Q"<! XH =} `## K@ Jx " HOux iOk H^! h=
L# K@ #" *#=# iO*=. h QiOz WO`HxH `<#.
ZO` P~=! ZO`, ZH_H_ "uH "i, z=iH x# < O^ ~^ LO_
L#@Q H#Q<#. <# h= XH>!
''<# x# O^# J##k i J~# "H" H^. ''x+OH `*=_"#
h= << J~ L<= J##k WC_ Q<#. ===x`=`
_# h x`^=# <# QOKK<#. F P`^"! x# U^ U^Q, ZH_Q,
Z\HQ J#H=@O K` U~_# ~ qH*=#O_ q_=_, W\H <
"=~OQ a<=.
F P` Q"<! ~=~=# U^^` h ~" L#^ Jk J>, ^`ÔQ<
LO_QH! ''<# J_#... _#... r=_# Jx J#O@, `^~ x#
HOK~z#O^ H HqOK=! '<# J##k ^. JO`\ `< L#k. P `<
<#. ''^_ J# <=^=` =|_K# P`<~}! h <#
#=i<#! 'r=_ Jx ^x<` JO@<", JO^ Ja#_= h=.
F L=# H~}O G 445
h", H, << |= _! F ^! F J#O`_! F JO`~q! ''<#....

<# J# |=# x`~" L#"_! h" t==, O`=, J^ `=, P#O^=
_. ''~O`~qQ <~}_ ~^ ~~Q "OK L<_ Jx
"^-~}-Lx+` ZQu Q#O K<~ H^? J#Q? ''D ^_ - J#
r"` ~OQ "OK L#k <~}_ - Jx H^! H#H <# <~}_<!
| "^# "Â ''"Ô`"^! Jx ZC_ O^# K#k <
~=<! '"^= J#Q è|_k. '"Ô`_ J#Q è|_Ô` `
O@# P#. '"Ô` "^ _ J#Q Ò@ LO@#\ P## Ò@#
"_. P `< P< <~}_. P< <#.
Uq èx J*# _ ~^ ~^=O^ OkOKk #< H^!
= WOk= Jk# ^=`" OK F ~=`! h H< "~Q '<#
J<^ #C_ ''U^ uOz D <# "HO HeOKe J##k ZO`\ [x`
"HO! ''<# "~, P <~}_ "~ Jx h H~H (<Ò_ =) ZH_ "O~O<,
`k`~ H< "`H @ O ZO`\ Ô? ZO`\ =~` O? ZO`\ ^~ OH~O?
< ~OQ h h", ...^ ~O` <~}=i ~xH #=iOK
H=@O h K=`~ q+O, H h fu H =O. '^_ J# ~` K
|_K# << ~=`#. <~}_ D ^ <=^ r=_. (t"r=)
<< _#... << Hx... << H _#. (r"t=I t"r=)
~ KO^x Q J=$`` _#. x~_#. P#O^H ~= ix. <~}_#.
ZO^HO>.... F N=<~}! hk Hx^=#k?
< x^#O h=, J`_ "^#q He` ^$+K =`" L<~. H
~! P` K`# Q"<! < J#"#Ô@ Uk ZH_#k KO_? < O`=,
"==, JYO_= JQ qH^ Kù =~ =~ "K<#. [Q^_<,
~ ^$~_< "K<#.

8. Y qOu
^_ (JO`~OQO) : WH_ Z=~=~`, U""` H#|_K< W=h _
|~ ^H=, UH=, qH~~`=, J#=~=, FOH~ O[K
L^tOK|_#n JQ P`Hx, =i "~H>n H^. g~-g~O` P`~! <#
P`~_<! H#H g~O` ==`~! J\ K`<` H == D
446
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
qH =O= H= ~H= O^ "Oz L#\H, g@x\ HO> Jk
~= J~ L#k. JO`~=# LO@< ~_ "^# ===O`=Q
^~ *=#O` HtO*Ok. Jk `KHx `K Jyx L+=Q#,
J=$`=# ~=O`=Q# K"Ok.
<~}Ò - XH ~AQ~ ~Q# J#q#@, P` D '|, ~,
~, ~, QO^ ==h O^Òk.
Jk x+ O... Hh Qu=O`=O` J^. OÒ... Hh, ~ ==~ x~iOk.
xiO... Hh, H~h PKiOKn J^.
D P` W`~O Z\ L#^ WC_ J> L#k. WH Z\H J\Q LO_
Òk. <# P`< J~LO_, JC_C_ U=z#O` =Ò K`... <# P`#
Hx^C_?
J*# ^ ~_< ==<~} ~O U=~z Z< [#~O~ O^
OKiOz#\H, <~}Ò ## U=Ò U H}O# U=~K<^. Jk
## =^^. =^^ _. Jk WH_ Z L#^, WOHHK@ _ J> L#k.
'r=_ J#|_ "+^~}K D q` x+^ H~#, H~=# J#q<
`# =Ò ~ =$` P=, =~=# ~ ^ ~ " "K#k. ~= ~O Q
K ^xH ~H H =. Hh, H~#~OQ OQ Pq~q#k J^. `#
H x^# =ÒK`, |^=x #O_ XH Q_~Q =~ (eHk |
~OÒ) Q H Q= `< P^~" LO@, ^<Q =#=#
H=OÒ KOk. `# ZC_ x+" LO@<, `K "=HO> _
"QO Q x LO\Ok. `#O^ `< LO_ XH ~~ HO> Z< ~ @ x+ `=,
PH= HO> Z<< ~@ xi`= Hey LO\Ok.
*~=~}=# ^\ "@"\? - "= P# H^K#> P` ~
}H@ =## KeOK LO\Ok. ~k Q]=# JêOz #_#@,
<~} ~=Q ==` D WOk ==x\h #_Ok. J<H
^~ # `# O^ ^KHx L# D '^ = J< Q$O Jk U"" H~H==#
~zOKx LO\Ok. P` =@ D s~x | ~k WOk~=h
KqK<_.
=#O J\ ~=`# H#Q#\xH ~^ J<+} yOKe. iÒKe!
^xOKe!... ZO^H?... P P` ^=x ^xOz#C_ =`" =#A_ [~
=~}=# ^\"Q_.
F L=# H~}O G 447
JÒ` O - F r=~! J\ P`^=x O^@O K ^~=x

J#O@<~? H<H^ =! q *# K= `~=O_. P`_ JuOQ q
Z^~Q a_ . ~} =Ò K` L`= |O^ =Q q =_ HQ_. ~ }
$Ô`~OQ_ <~}_. ~}H@ $^H=O OKiOK P#
HO> ^Qi"_=_ _. q q Q} ^~}= _ P# HO> ^y~#q
H=. LK ~O` H=O }"K~}` iOz#O` =Ò K`< P P` ~=
q J^" `H=QK#k.
P`<~} Qu - XH _| L#"_x qOK~#HO_... U=Òk?
Ja=#=, Q~= HeyOK Q HO` ^#O aOK=K"! J^, P P`Q"#<
q....? q L# Ja=# Q~^ `y`~. P P`^=_ q~ Ht~.
P#x qOK@"\? P# ~O^ `_ H|\, q O^
P#HO^? ...JO^K` q =#K P## qOKO_.
P# ZH_<_?... QOÔ, #= #<, ~= ^~
~z L#@ P`Q " #_ ~ ^ = O^ "Oz L<_. =#Oî $^ #
P# ZC _ LO_ L#\H, =#O JqK~}=OK` K`< ~=Q P` Q " #x
`HH`<=. K HO HÒ ZC_ ZH_ Kz =~z# |O^= =
=#O P## HiOKO_ D OzH H# =xy``<O. WH K.
WH #O_ P`<~}x J#H} O^~#=#H =#=O` LHqOK^= QH!
[#O? - `` qK~}K ~"~_Q P P` Z~Q|_O^, JC_ ZO`
W+"#"_ HxOz#@Q r=# ~=#OÔ L^~OKQ^. P`^$+K s~
O|O^=`=# [~=~}= ==~O qz#" Òk. r=_ `# `<
`z@H# 'P J< ` =H =HQ Òz"|_`~. H=H^
"k `@ "# K_O_ `]=x i`~. "i u~Q=#O Kz
=#O z~#= zOkO. WH `$+, JO`$ =# =O^ x=H =@=
==`~.
J#$+ [Q^$+O `#HO `" I
$+ K&V Q` $+O `-#OÒ [Q` II ( 19, ~ 35)
~=`# î |O_=O` îOz#>. ~=` H^#O qO> ==
=}O K#>. ~=`# $t [QÒ` $tOz#>. P`x LxH [Q`
LxH. ^$H~_Q ^+ LO_ LO_@" P`x LxHH H O, ^$OÒ _!

448
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
9. WOkf`*Q$`
^_ (JO`~OQO) : WOkh xî#C_ _ "x LO_^k?
P`. D WOk= Jq" ~ KO_Q, P`^=_ r=
~H_ O`x~ +=# JOkOKK<_.
JO`\ qi#k P`! - r=~=# J@ W@, < HO^
OKi#k P`. D Q=h J#q#k J^. s~=# == JOH~}
=QK#>, D ^$==~=O` P# JOH~O. Jk OÒQ =OQ
LO@< KQ_ ~O Q J<H q+ # Hi, `l `# ~ ^ =O^
"Oz L#k. ~uO|Q Q J<H q+# Hi `l `# =Ò
Z\Q Jk#`Q LO\Ok.
~"H= - PH=#Oê #=, "=#Oê x~O`~ K#=, Jy
O^ H=, ^~=Oê ~= (H ~z), Jyx L+=, KO^xx
j`=, |O_=Oê `~= P P`! P`<~}_!
= O^ #, =OK #O^ K^ # =, += "# L#> ~ ^ =
O^ ^ "Oz L<_. U qÔQ J~` H=, ` ~` "Oz L<,
U qÔQ D q Jx " J#Q`" L#^ J^ suQ P` D H "^#
Jx WOk "Oz LO_, Jx\h HtO*K#k. ^"k^=_Q P`
|k ^=` _ LxH #"#k.
<# P P`# : P`<~}_#! - H=^ ~_#. PH=# ô
H}=` UO O|OÔ? H==, [= XH ^x` =~H\ H== H^! P`
~=Q Q <` H=QeyOk Un ^.
D [Q` U~_ H#` <HO x? r=x HO#` XH tHO O|OÔ ?
< Z\ J#^~=` U=Ò O|O^" ^. Y ^Y= D
^=# HQ=K. HQH=K. ~H h\ _#O` =Ò K` P
~Hx PH=# =K x U=O@Ok.
Y ^Y= =# < =K x Uq ^. Z=_< XH^~O fHx
n= H H=# |OkOKQ_? ~^~= Jf`_#, P` ~
==Q Q"_# JQ ## "== Qx, WOk= Qx, H=
H^^ Qx |OkOK=. "\`< O|O^" ^.
F L=# H~}O G 449
|O^=, =H "^#q =# =`". < H^.

PH=# Z=~ |OkOKQ~? =## ` Z=~ KQ~? D Ô
=O^ =H#\H ^~`"# P` YO_Ò Z\ J=Òk? O_ Q=K, H
O_ ze _= K, O_ , P O_x PH=# O|O^" ^ H^! PH=#
Uq x?
''J^$ K= J# ^Q D =# =~OQ ~~=# QOk.
=# LOk H#H<, =## J#iOK ^$*=O` U~_ LO\Ok.
J~` =# OQ Un K^. ^xK` Jh K~#k <<. J~`,
[_ =`"# =# H HuQO` LqOKO> 'P`*#O XH> =O^.
J<H Y ^YH~=Q "#` P*# ^# H+_ =s P~# =#
P`*#O K` Jiq`=Q YqO` a<~.
Uq qzÒ! WO`HO KzOn, J#qOzOn, QOzOn, OH@=h
OkOn =~H>#\k. Jk =# Qx, <# H^. ''<# nxH H# J#Q '=#
J#|_k L Q|_ XH LH~ } =. <# P LH~ } =# L yOK"_< ` HOQ
L<# J# J^ J*#=K`< HQÒk.
W`~ 'J*#O J< WO^*=# ~K~` Z=~?... << =! K`#=
#O^ uaOa# H$ux, K`#=# "K Kz# =~H}O D =#, ^=
W=h < =#Q< è=<~.
F = r=~! g~O` ==`~! <# g P`~_<!
O|O^"q #\k - ^+^$+K`< J*#=< `~ LO_ LO\Ok. ^` U
H}O# Z\ x ^. JO^K` Q= O^x Qx, =^x Qx <
H~ LO_ =# J=~"n ^. rqOKe, =~}OKe J< "OK` _ <
x ^. Uk Z>< ~h... h, < JH JH~^. LH _ JY~^. D
Ô qq^ "# LO_=K... `Q=K. < "\` Qx, "\H <` Qx
O|O^" ^.
F~! J*#=! - H=O ijeOKH =@O K` WO`HO h Ku F_`
=K#. J<H~ <x *#~`# JiOz ## JO K=. J<H
=~ `#O K~OK=. J~` UO? ~O`~qQ <~}xK ''P` QiOz
qK~} LHqOK Jx kOK|_# H^! XHi <# qK~} #HQ<,
ZH_H i=K<"! Un! h "^"^=q\ KC! P`#u` i`Q
|#O^x h= WOk~ KQ"?
450
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
~=`Q q+ Q"#x J#QOK` Hey# qK~}*#=K ''J*#=
J< WO\ ÔQ# Hx> #. '~ |*#= J< =O` O` JOH~ Kx
~ê"#. q"H^#O OkOz '^~ J< J*# î^x =êOK<#.
JO^K` <x_ ~"~_< "K<#.

10. P` ~Ô - JOH~, ==H~ J=O

^ _ (JO`~O QO) : <x_ `H=OÔ` `<#. K_=#Ô`
KK#. ^xx Ok# `~"` WH O^=#^q LO_^ J\ L`= ^~=Q
P`*<x O^#. Wk XH ~= ~" # ^ O . WH_ J#~= Qx, q+ ~ =
Qx, "~H"# P Qx =. `$+ ~*Q}O J< ô, |A WH_ HxOK=.
'LOu J< kQ g# P#O^gzHK PÔ "eqiOk. D ~=iH
Ô ZO`\ =`~"#k! u, }=O, ~#, x==, =}= K` q+
Q"#x qOK@ K`< D P`^=_ < `H" aOK_. WO` J~#
`~"`, <# QOz#k =~=i< H^.
< P` ~" < HiH W\ q+~=Q OzOk.
JOH~=# P= L#\ J\ q+ Q " #x P` K` # = < $uÔ <
aOzOk. P# J#QOK` JOH~=# #" #\ <`# |= (H)
P` <K îOK|_K#k.
F< JOH~=! - Oz`, ~|, PQq H~K #_OK|_ x# WC_
^\ "<#. WO`HO h= K#^q\? WOk=# ZQ" ## =O
K<=. ''`$+, H==, ^Y=, "< ==, Lù`#=,
T~J^H=, ~H~H L^, P= ...W=h HeOz, g\H
O|OkOz# J<H H~H==H ~OzOk h= H^?
< `=" < P`< h= PHqOK"? J=~=, iH`#= H"_
K=K kOK|_#@ <# D O~=# zH h ZO`HO |On##.
<# P` QiOz Ok# =~H}O h= h LxH< H`<=.
q*#^$+x Ok#\ <xC_ x<H z# "<#... h= J L<"?
LO>, ZH_<=?...
pH\ Ô iOK h= q"HÔK P` |Ô HQ, Z\ J^$"
=. nO "eyOKQ< pH\ ZH_H iÒ^, h=_ JH_H i=.
F L=# H~}O G 451
H=#=Q nO "ey#@ WC_ < $Ô q"H= "QQ< JOH~=

H K _ O_ Òk.
F P` Q"#_! ~_! ~Ô HQ< ÔQ "#H K_O_
i`~ H^! P`*<^ O (H) P`H`~O J~O^ JOH~O "^# =h
#O z`yOK=O^. KK~! q ^~#O H#O`=~ H~~_Q JOH~
_ ZO`Q qO*_... =@` K#. KQ q^~OQ
Pq~qOz# JOH~ ==H~ `yQ HO_z= `yOK|_# =$HOQ
<# _##. Ph qOK@O K`, Q =~O _# `~"` ^"yQ,
JO`H~}O O`_Òk. YOQ W^ [Q` LO@<#.
WH JOH~O ^. "O ^. ^YO ^. ^~ ^. =<=^ ^.
ZH_< PHO `@ LO\? ^. P` O^ kf"#^n
LO_\xH g ^. z`= #O^ JOH~= J< z LO_@O K`< WO`HO
*#O aOK^. ^=H\ L# Q_ ZO` ~OQ " =Ò Uq JO@Òk?
JOH~O, `$+ xO_ L# =# *# =K~O q#< q#^. XH" qx<
[#O aOK^.
P` Q"<! q =H= Ju#=, JOH~~`=, P#O^Q~=,
H=` ~= Jx *# =z L<~. `= =O^#=. ZO_#
`\HO " Kz`#@, = `y# =#` JOH~ ==H~
x["`~. P`*#= H =OK` z`= OQ qOk.
JOH~~` q P``` =! Uq h ==! P zO` x ^#"
~=# H=ÒQ, P#O^" ==Q Hey <=. |k uaOaOK
K`#= h". D ''<#-h=, J`_-P"-Wk-Jk J#|_ ~ r= $^=
O^, =# O^ ~^ Ht#\ x# U=x =iOKe? "^ "ÔQ x#
=iOKO>, "\H =@ KH`<~. < OK }, k WOk,
=# |k <` D ~r= D Hh h H He`~=. ZO^HO>
h= Jx" ''x~===, x`k`=, J=$` ~= J~ L<=. h h"
i~" LO@ `- O` ==K $^ O^H ~=# n HOu=QK<=.
~""#\H, J^$~=# L#^x" XCK<=. (H)
D OK }=, ^ WOk=, D =#, |k, D H#|_ ^kQ
~r= < H He` ~=.
~=` (P= L# P`~O ~" { P`) < x[~O.
452
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
<# x[~OQ x~===#. x`k`_#. J=$` ~_#.
F z^ Q " <! FO #"<~}! ~ =$` Jf`, U`` = O<
q~ ~==# H\ OKK<~. ~^~= ==# P^~`
L<~. |kH P= Ht LO_ q=< JO^~ J<H ~` P~k<~....
Ji<~. J\ q WC_ #=i<#. g@ < #=~O Ò x
[^~= ^, ~^ H#QQH! << g~! g~ <#!

11. =#` =<[O

^_ (JO`~OQO) : J=! W\H H^, <# H=yK `", q^
=# =# J< Y_=# =k Q}=` _#^# =~H Y_=` KkOz
"QQK<#!
r=# <~}xH J#OQ îOK@" D WOk= |~YÒ.
~ ~` <~} O^~#" (J##^~#") JO`~YÒ.
J@, |~YOQ `# WOk# WOk=`< xQ Oz P`#YO
K < #. ^ =#K =e#=## [~Oz PÒH~=K, D s~OH~x
=iOz xtO`Q P`#Y_#QK<#. `lOK =#Ô` `lOKQ WH `lOK@
JH" +OK 'z` =`=#O^ u Ok ~`=_< OKK<#.
^K J^# J_yO*<#. qK~}K JqK~}# H <@K<#.
'<# ZQK#"_# J#|_ *`$à=#=# ~ÒK H= [ =`_<
"QO^K<#. `` ~=Q < ~=! P`^"! `= #=~=!
JO`\ ~^ "OK L# g! FO #" Q=` "^"!
=#=# z< x~OH~Ò Q` I
"# Qe` " Kq H= II ( 77, ~ 35)
=# =#K KkOK|_Q JC_ JOH~O 'x~". '^-" =O
H <@|_ '|-" == Jk~O|_, '<< H= z^_< L<#.
WH D s~O q+xH =, Wk =#, JOH~O, =# J##"g O_, `#
H~#Ô@ Uq O_, H=O }H=ÒK ^Ò^ <Hx#k.
~ O^ XHsuQ LO_ F P`^"! (=O ~ + |`+ u+O Ò ~" ~" !).
h= x# qOK # Q~= O^#=K J#Q LO\=.
q~Q | q+ =~ x[~= h". ~=Ou`=Q q
F L=# H~}O G 453
O^ < W\H x~u#O^=, ~= qOu aOKK#k. "`_,

JOH~ ~H_, ^~KO h TZ`Q< WH < H#|_O_ J^$"<~.
^~ OH~O, `$+ `H=_K@K <# O`~ `_<< #. ''<# HOîHO> Jk _#
H^ J# ~OQ a=#O #_ q~QQ @|_Ok. ^~ ="# JOMH" #
"# Q=OK` H~OK~. UO P~O! q^~"# ^~OH~=#
P~Oz#\ <# Z=_#? Z=_##, WC_ =Ò P`Q< +OKK<#.
`H=Q x~u#O^ ~_<<#. Jiz# |H~ =$u`_#Q <#
~Q ^$=#O^ LO@< q=_<<#.
D `#=O =, *# "H= =}=# i=K,
=##=`=K `ÔQ O^|_#^QK#k. =# ~=# =ê", H=O
JYO_=, J"=#O^ =kx+ O^QH. Q=O`_Q PÒ^ ~=
xyOKK<#.
W\ < =# - =# q+ #=Òk. =## q=i`=, D+}
~`= JQK#k. JOH~==H~ =h i`lOzOk. ~Q~`" QK#
qiOzOk. H>h |@ Q|_Q +OK JyQO_OQ qOzOk. J!
XHC_ D =# U"" O@# ZO`Q PHtOKk... ZO`Q iÒKk!
XH =O J<H ~HQ, J<H = XH ~HOQ LO@, J<H L^
~H H ="~ O#qHO_ LO_k. J\ P^h WC_ `y
~.
J^ z^= ~` WC_ J#==QK#k. H= H K`#
~=Q <@ [_`= Qx, [## =~}^Qx LO_\xH J=H" ^x
WC_ QOK#.

12. P` =#O
^_ UHO`=Q P``` =# L^tOz, =~ W@ =#O KQ_.
^_ : K ~A Q_z~# `~"` W\H x~u#O^=Q P` $uH
=zOk. P`^"! J^$+=OK` g #^~#=~Ok. =`_=Q q
#=~O. q=# K, #=i, z~eOQ#"#~K<#. H_"_
z# `` h~ #C_ P h~ `# ~=# Q@Hx ` UH=QK#^!
< =# _ q=# qOz q` UH`= O^K#k. <# q~
454
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
XH> JQK<=. P` Q " <! q~ HO_ D =H ~= "# "_
WOH=_ Z=iH ZH_ < _. q=# O^#O`HO ~H} Ô#
PQ=# x+=} "^# H ==~= [~QK<~. q=# Ok#
=`=K <# WOk= x"_<<#. D WOk=, Wq K#
q+= ZH_ LO@<, ZH_H =K< U"Qx, <# =Ò
WOkf`_#, x+_# JQK<#.
F P`^"! q~ q ` =# D q=O` "Oz, ~ ` JQOKK<~.
WH_ #O_ q~ =~H_H QQ`~! J q~ xK>H_? JO^K`, ''"@
=K@ J##Ô` q O|OkOz#k H^Q#.
XHC _ h= [#~ `x, <# [# `_#x = K` J#O@ LO_"_#.
WC_ =xî =^ P Ô_ <^x èÒk.
WC_ < h= q_ ==. ZO`\ q_=O> ... < h=Qx,
h <# Qh "~Q <=. F `_! J^$+=OK` <_ h H`~O O^#.
q! JYO_=Q P`^"k^"! h= H$`H$`_= ! [Q`H~, ~ h"! q!
h #=~O! h O^# <, < O^# h #=~O. D ^k O^
h" LO_ ~`H=Q h h" #=iOKH=@O D K=`~O. D O~O P
x D<Q JO`s#OQ iOz L#k h".
F x`x~`! KH! J~KO^^~! q|^<^! ^*! |^"! q+!
OH~! WO^_! ^^ }== q!
==~ ^$+H =# Wî =^ H#|_ ^=O` h\H J Q ^"! Jk
J` H#. J#O` qz` ~}, ^^}Q = =# =xî =^
JÒ H#Q q[$OaOk. h= bq<k H^! = J#|_k h H#. ^+
+ - $+ _ h"! <O^, ~O^, ~=O^ "Oz#k h"!
< O^ <#Q LO_ H=k ^K J` Ô ` `# ~ "x H~ WO`HOQ
h" OKi<=. [# [<O`~Q |q^ ^Y=#, ==~=# Kq
KK=. WO`< H=H==Q q"H#=Q J<H ^$O`=# KK=.

==~^$+ L#O` =~ x# Z=~ O^Q~? ~`~! h=, D =\
H }` _# `H# [QÒ` q^. x# Ok` ~= Ok#>.
O^H` Uq O^#>! x# Ok#"iH WH H~O_=. H~ D_~@=#Q
Jk! ! <# x# ~ ^ Ok L<#h, h < JO`~" ^h Q OK#.
F L=# H~}O G 455
J@ QOK@K x# ''Ok#"_#, H#Qx#"_# J#. h ^~ ~O

Uq\ WC_ < è~Ok. "= `yOz x# <# ~` KKKO_Q
WH H`<, ~`< XH\ ~O_ K@ =`" K_@"q\? WOk= O^,
JO`~OQ =$Ò^ "Oz Jx\h HtO*#\ h= J#uH QK~O
Hx^C_! x# H`Q O^=#kQ Z\ J#_O?
h= << L<=. x# =~H_ "`H=# x^. XH |=# q#O`
=Ò K`, P |Hx HtO*#\ h= < ^~_= J=`=? f K^
H~=# Pk h= U H} O# J` H" # "_= H^. <# XH +"#
P}#C_ D Ku#, =# LO_, uK J#= ~OQ `~_
h= ZC_ Kux O_ = (H~`=HO =) `~_ L<=.

"^ "Ô`=K, `~=, q=O "^# =K, ~}=K =iOz

K|_K# <`#=Q P`# XHi `<= WH =~K@ J<k LO_^.
P`^"! x~ ~Q x# QOz# `~"` WH WO`~ ~zH~=#
Q= WC_ H =K@ ^. h H x~ == K`< ~KO^
Ht<~. D ~`=# ~=O`=Q K#k q~. PH=# PHqOz
"=# OKiO *#k q~! #= "! `"= `HO |! q
~=# P^~=QKO_Q, P qH q~ P^~O.
J=! <_ <, Q Ô J^$+=O K`< `y#k. h" <#... << h=.
=xî HOKO _ Ô ^. [=#, `~OQ=# ^"=#k? HO_
HO_~~H ^"H_k? O_ xO# `\H [xH `\HOx [xH Ô
U=O@Ok? D '<# h= "^# |=h h =`=K H@#=QK,
x< è~ KK<~. =<kH= U=`= #\ H~H~} LkH~H= #
'<# h= J# | ^=# W^ #=~O. WH Lq OK=x P | ^=#
< q#O. x``=Q J^" i_q# QH!

13. < ... << #=~O!

J#O`_, x~OH~_, ~#_, JÒ` =~_ JQ < <<
#=iOKK<#. `=, H`=, x~H~=, Jiz#= JQ P` ^=_
< H x~ ~, == "K<_. H`Q WOHO H"e?
456
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
D =# U"" H~} HeOKHx ZO^H" HaOKKO_=K QH!
WOk =$` iOKK<? J~` Hx! } P#= =O*
U^ H q[$OaO^? q[$OaOKh. K~ =O qH` _# D uH
s~= =# J< ~kK P=< ` O` OKiO* |_K#^!
Uk U"< Hh! HHh! g\` < O|O^" ^. D s~O W\Q J<H ~A
LO_h. H, ZC_ XHC _ <h! D ~ , H~H== ==, H~} `=
JQ P`# QOK#. WOH < Uq O? WOHq H"e? =K^=#k?
^=#k?
KHO `~"` <# <O^Q P`^=x K<#. D [Q` Z\Q`
HO` =O "Ò^, J\Q < Ou _ WC_ JO`"OkOk.
D O~= uiy uiy J, ~ L# < WC_ ~= qOu
J~# P`Q"#_O_ #= PuÔ aOzOk. F P`^"! h= ~=#
Jf`_=. ~ ~= h". J\ h H ~=# Kù KOKK#
"^k =, Q~= #=~O. Q==h HtO*_, h=
"\ ^+=K U=Ò $tOK|_= H^! Jax" #=, L^#=, ~ ==
JQ H=OQ h= "QO^K<~x Qi<#.
~=`! =O^ "# L#@, ùu Qe L#@ #=
#< L#@ h= ~r= "QO^K<=. h= x~OH~_" _ ~H<=
tH<= ^#"#~K<= Hi<= ~_K<= iQ_K<=.
=i, h = JO`\ k. h ''Ô OHO H~O #_O K`<
$+HO <# r= ~O` J<H L^ "tOK_O, "\x eOK_O
[iyOk. WO`< h OH=# J#iOz HO D *Q`#, L^#
LOiOz L~ux O^@O [~QÒk.

XH z# =]q`#O XH ^ =]=$H= H ==O` ^y L#k

H^! JÒ` H ~_=Q hO^ D O~=O_=O` uH=O^ Wq_
L#k. h" Ou He`=Q qq^ ^~= PH$ux =Oz H\ OKH#K<=.
J<H = ~O~h |_K#k h#O_ H^! z=iH, JYO_#O^=
~= Pq~q#k h #O_.

F L=# H~}O G 457
14. F ~` ^"!
^ <=^! F < ~`^"! ''<<=_#? ZH_<#? J<
q+ h= =~=~ zOK=#kQ < =#q. ~"^# Kz
h= #=@" [~QÒk. KO Q #=O@< D H^, =#, H~+ , ~` =#
~^ i`lOK=. hK [# =`" Lz`"# =#, =^, Q~=#
=h ^Q~ ~x~? XHC _ 'zO` J< Jy ^Q= QK H~=O^,
_O^, P~O=O^ Oa`= J*#^ `y~<~ =! P
^~h _ q*# qH=K O K|_~. WC_ h= ^#Q~=#
~* '~=<~^ J=.
F ~q! PH=# Z=_< `# _He |OkOKQ_? J\Q D
OKO HxOK P Y^Y O@#K h= |OkO|_~. Jq x#
`H<< =. D WOk=, z`=, Q= g@x\HO> =#`Q h=
hH ~^ KOk#\ P`=*x Jk~OK=.
J~=~# =[ =^ I
J=H~ xÒ |~# ~ II ( 46, ~ 36)
J#O` PHO @iQ P ~ Q"#x = q~ OH
~_", *#^$+H ''x`k` P` H=Q#, J*# ^$+H ''^_ J#|_
XH =H Q# è=<=.
`Q x+_=, ~=O`, xi J" ~_#Q h=O^ h =
H~H D WOk=, WOk~= xz L<~. H=xH Hqx `
K#@ D Z^~Q L# ~^h '^$+ J# =~eK H#
LO_ ^~#HH L~OQ Hx~|_K<~. ~^ OÒQ JK` LO@<
D '^$=# HiOKO_Qx, `^`= KO^@=? H<H^. J=~O ^.
F ^`^"! h= =h_=. ZO^HO>, XH" D s~=Ô
LO_ H~ }"= OK~= gH D WOk=^~ D [Q`#
O^K<=. =~H" =~ K~ LO_#\ `` =# x` "QO^
K<~. D '^=J< += H ~= h". WOê J=$`~= h". h=
D ^=# q_z<~ WH P Wk Z=iH =^=Òk? D ^ Lk<
H^. ~}O^, J}=}=< xO_# ~O h". 's~= J< H>O^
J}y# xC= h= LO_< L<=. ~`=^=Q J=$` ~_= h=.
= `[=# HtO*k h".
458
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
D ^~=x\ LxHh QOKk h=. JO`~-$^Q P`^"! D
^$=O` h O^~#"! hH =OK`< D H "^# WOk=
`= ## `= KQQK<~. "= H K#=#, z`= H
KOK=#, |k H H, JH= =H~}O h".
h= LOiOK@K`< D " '=~}= =~ x^ O^ qb#"
=K#k. WO`~ s~=#, W\ D s~=#, WH =O^ U~_
s~=# n== [ieO*k h". XH |OQ~= #O_ J<H P~}=
L`#=QK#@, h #O_ D qq^ O~^~=, O|O^=, O@#
L`#=QK<~. h h", q=Q '<# h= J`_ J# =`
Q_# |=h ==iO*K, OkOKK<=. h", D ^ <=^
=+Q LO@<, WO`< U``=O< JOMH } PH~, PK~^
~OQ iHO|_K<~. "~"~ Jy tY "~"~ Jy YO_=x J*#
^$+H JxOK=K<"Qx, Jy ~^ XH> H^! h $+O^ h" hHO> "~#
PH~= = JQ_K<=. ~H~= h Ja#"#".
D |O_=O` xO_# Jqz# ~_= h". K@ "k
#@ D `*=O` hO^ Lù J~ iqOk. h =#< D
qÔQ Ja=H= ~ ^~= $+ ~=# H"O^K<~.
K#k q~ .... K_|_K#k q~! - F < ~` ~! ^
<=^! XH Q_"_ XH JO^"# =u ~=}=# K_Q_? _.
h" H`, WH D JO^"# =O^ LO_ _ #>. ZO^HO>, == H~
H~} Hx kOKk h" H^! h" H` D s~=, D [Qkq+=
x[=, J#=~`= JQ H, =\` =#". "Q LO_@ K`< XH
QHO_ H B#`x K_QQÒ. "Q H`, JO` pH\ =" H^!
F P`~! x# Ok# `~"` WH ~ Y ^M #tOz`~. ~_
L^~OKQ< pH\ , q#q#=< #H`, =OK Jh b#"`~ H^!
x*xH h JOwH~O K`< Y ^Y= U~_ LO_QQK<~. ZO`\ z`"
KK~?
1. h= îOKKO_@K`< Y ^Y= ux Ok LO@<~.
2. h= HÔ>, Jq WH LO_=.
3. nO `yOKQ< n HOu pH\ qb#" =#@, x# îOKQ<
Y ^Y=h, OQ O~=Q ~OKQ=.
F L=# H~}O G 459
Uq h `K U~_ LO@<, Jq h Jkf ^~#=K 'xq JQK<~.

x# P~Oz L#q x# P~OK@K =`" [~O |_K<~.

J~< XH=@! "" xH ~= #O^ ~_=Q h O^ JÒ` O Q~" #
Y ^Y= H_! XH xq+= XH H=Q= ZC_ _Ò^, ZC_
#tO^ Z=~"< Q=x<=? J\Q x# Ziy#\ *x ^$+ P Y^M
ZC_ U~_K< ZC_ `QK< Q=xOK@ J~" JQ@^ . J~<,
D Y^Y= h J#QO K` _`, #tO_@"q\? ...Jq x< qO
*"q\?
[Q`, Lù, = - D [Q` h= QOK@K L`#=QK, x# QOK@K
qb#" =K#k. ^$O`xH XH ^+ `# O KK =* =O`
O JO`"#C_ Z@ `<~? J\Q P`*#= OKQ< D [Q` Z@
=K#k? ''x^ JQK#k. ''D [Q` U H}=O^ ^ Jx èÒk.
U H}O# U=Ò #\ XH == XH H~"\ x~iOk? Z=~< Hx [
`~O Q=# XH =Q K\ `# "_ î OKQ ~? ''Y ^Y= =... J#
P`*# O|O^"# ZHK, Wq \# =~H}O KKK<~. q" q=#
îOK@K ~Ò^ UHsuQ LO_QQK<~.
F J#O`~! Jq" q~ Zx ~H=Q `KK<~ K#qH^.
""xH q W ~=<q =. q~ J==~`! x~OHs! x~Hs!
~H~! F D~! ~~! ^<=^_Q < ~=! ~~!
P`Q " <! h PH~= |O_= HO> ZO` ZO` q $`" # k! ~= Ou~}!
h ky[=Q QH! xd PQ== h= Jf`=! PQ== ("^=)
P^~_=! [ [! ~=`! *`! (@K#k q~!) J*`! (@H x)
H`! (#tOKK#k) JH`! (<#= x) "! J"! [! J[!... h
~^ [=QQH!
WC_ <# O`_<<#. ^~"q\ `<#. [~OK#. WO^H
WO`HO rqOK#. < h _ <#=~O!
< "= ~= `` ~=, x~==, `^=, O^=
~Q~O[< ~` ~= J~L#k. WH < |O^"q\? q`H_? O^
ZH_? < [##=~}= H _q? <# H`Q x~==Q xÒu O^@"q\?
...<# ~^ Ou ~_< J~ L<#.

460
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
15. ^#= n#`=
D qÔQ zO`#K# ^_ H=OQ x~+= x~O^= xiH=
JQ ~ =[= "tOK_. =kx J=îOK_. XH z`@Ox
=Q, teK =K|_# tqQOQ LO__. J\ xiH =k
~_<_.
JH_ J~ =Ou=~}, `k`~ ^x =k #O_ kO*x
ZO`Q< uOK~. Hx Uq O? J`_ =Ò ~uO^ KH|_# ~x
= O`=O` UH^$+` LO__. U Hx, U ^$+ Hx J`x î
K~@"^. ...P qÔQ Hx~A Q_z~.
JO`~O QO P`_ UH= JYO_= J" O xi+ = x~=kH=
JQ |#OÔ J#q<_. P`x J#=u "H JO^k H^ XH KO|
O` =^[O ZO`\ ^ U=x q^~KQO? J~`, |@ =Ò
KK"iH ''D`_ x~#O^ ~=Q =$`=# Ok<_ Uq? J#@Q
L#k. WH ` =*= J~ *u H r=#q^#O Hx =~
KO^yOk. ZO^HO> "# eOK <_ _. "#"#\^H ^=`
O", q+^ + J~, |~H==O`_ ieOz# ~}Ht_ #$Oq
Ku `"_. <_ D ^_ =kx J=îOz ~H<H`xH
^~=Q, JO`~OQ ==`_ ~ UHO` ~== #O^ LO__.
Z=~O` Ô K< P`x @ Jk Kq\"_ =O^ OM~==QK#k.

~A H` JK#Q"i H~H=O L^ $`" JO` J~KH"

J=ÒkQ^! `~O J~KHO ~O"Ok. ''^ K z#K# qOQ@O
J< =`<O Ò_qOzOk. |=O` |## _OKQ~. [
x J<H _ Z^~#= =Kk. =# [ kHH x
HQ~.
UH~~= Ok# ^# D q=~h è< è=. P`_
+x =HQ =k ``~_ L<_H^! WH |=O`Q ^` qKH}
# P" H"^` `=`" HOKHQ~. Q}=O` Q}#K
OOK |_Q~. |# ` |=O` H=@O, [# =# =~^
=ê =iOK@O, J^~O, J|, _` QO`H qxOKHH=@O W=h
F L=# H~}O G 461
JOwH~ QO HQ~. JO`~O H@@ +"<~. J< J^~~

^~ `= ^#, [#=# Q@Hx, KCH#@ îH, WH Kk H,
zO`=Q, aKQO_ KiOKQ~.

ZC_ xk, ~`Q PO`~OyHOQ ~H *u W\ i}= ~=_O
Kz JH_ ^ Uq K èx iu =zOk. =~H " ^=`
=z J~# ~q O >, " " SH=Ò H, J==< kQqOQH=
=zOk. " " \_H#K, LkQ`` n# HQ~.

16. $+H Z~
P qÔQ J<H ~A Q_z~. xd[Q`}H~_, H~=^
x", `=~#_ JQ q+=i XH ~A `# x^=^# q_K~. <=kQ H
ìK~. Ò, `^~ ^=HO, `k`~ H J=OQ LO_@O Q=xOK~.
`# *#<`=K ~[Q` H Qu ^~`# ije W@ `# zOK
Q~.
N= q+= (=#) : P! ~= _ Q ^ _ |^= # qqOz#
D =O ` HO <_ O__. WH ^#= `=# `"
OOKHO@ H=OQ `= `" |#QK<~. ~H H`, JC_
~=#"q\? ^=` ''"= q[= Oê J< @^ LO_^. @^
LO_x K@ L`= H, |#_`~. H=OQ ^=` LxHH Z~
=Ok. ^=` OuOz, "~O` Ô^~`"# |=# O^`~. Ja=#
~` ~Y=# `lOz"~.
^=` P qÔ Q <#==@O [iy` JC_=Òk? H=OQ HO [
Qk H _ #t~. W+ Q=#, `k`~ [#=# kOK
^=` H` WH H~ [#= UO LO\~? JO^K` ''H~ L` $+`
J# H~H==` _# =#= |^H`~. H #t H~q JQ
HO #tOzÒk. H" #t WH U=#k? D O~" #tOK =K#^!

J~! z =z_O ^.
O `~ "` <# K# D $+ JHOQ, J~O `~O Q
"ÒkH^! <K He`"# D q[Q` #t < D b OQ" Q^.
462
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
JC_ <# _ ''KO^ #H ` PH #=Q < D s~=# qb#"#~Hx
`` ^=# "==O^! Jk JH=Q qsì}=O J=@O K` LzÒ
H^, = H^. ZO^HO>, D r= H$u O Ok#\H, =*#O
LO_< LO@Ok. H|\ '=~ [xOKe J< `# qye LO@Ok. D $+
U~_ LO_=# JQ`=#k. JO^K` D ^#= `=`= ~H==`
rqOz LO_@O J=~". ~H LO>, ^=` _ LO\~. JC_ `,
[= "^# H==~ _ K@ LO@Ok. O~= J#|_#k
LO@Ok. JC_ $+H O|OkOz# JO^~~H"# ~ LO_^. H#H
<xC_ `HO "o ^ x '~[# J# H~= O xqOK@" =zÒ.
XH" ^x |^Q =~Hix ~[#O^ xq^=O>, Jk =O[O
H^. ZO^HO> D ^^= JÒ` q`"#k. D`_ WH =~ [xOK_.
=~=<xH D`_ HO`HO ~[# x~iOK=# 'QO L#k. J@`~"`
_ HO`==~ D`_ D $+H XH P~}" rqOK@" D~xu.
xuH U=Ò OQO H_^ H^! JO^K` <xC_ ^x kO
*#. D`_ `#H r=#H u xiOQ LO@<, ~[# KKO_#
QH! JC_ ^=` LO\~... J~ LO\~. Ô^= LO@Ok. JC_
=`" J~#\H <# ^suQ< ~= U~@ K
LOK@O W\< == J~ L#k.
WC_ D H~Q~#= D suQ XH H H#y<, Qx^ LO_
LO@<, WH_ x^=^ OQO O_< <# `xH "@O, ^x`
O+}, [Q`# sHiOK@O "^#Ô` [~QKO_# QH.

17. <~}<=
P qÔQ zOz# Ni ~`_O_#\ `#H =OK`
H~ Q~O #=Ô LO@<, h~ _ K~*#\ àO "t OK~.
^x JO`~O "tOz JH_ |^=x= =k O^ x=Q"#
^x KK~. P ^y~ K~ K# ~H <~}Q=#=K "tOz#
"+= `[=# `H ^~OQ "Q~. "O` q+"q\ J~OQH `=
=Ou =~ P q+=# x"kOK\xH ~Q f~.
F L=# H~}O G 463
PHO JC_ KO^_ L^~<_. q+ Q"#_ "OK ^_

=k LO_# q =Ok~O XH L#`#O P#<_. OY, KHk
P^=# îOz i"~ "`_<~. H ^q fQ =O\ =`
qH qO*=~ gKK#k. ^= |+, =~ P# #=i
`= =i<~. #=` _# ##` ^=` q, ''<<! ^!
! |^_= H= Jx `< OK[#O iOK~. q+^=x }"=
#O_ [xOz# P ^x ~H# =i@@ KOk. P ^x qx q+^=x J#K~
|#OÔ O^~.
~H KH=i J~#\ ^ _ q+^ = x OM<Ô ZH_ $^ O`~x
` #O_ q<_. <^~O q# P_`K=Q ^# O^Q_. P`x
}H H=OQ |~O^=#O_ z s~=O` "OzOk. }"=
<=kQ JOQ ÒQ=xH "tOK~. WOk #= ^~= L`l`=
<~. ''eOQ s~= J< ^~}=#O^ K`#= uaOaOzOk. Jk H=OQ
q+#Y" z`[_~=# =<=OQ OkOk. P qÔQ z`= OK#=#
P~OKKO_Q P`x <`= J~xqe`= J~ qK<~. <_
~O^= ^y L# *#H }#"= =# =ì`"#k.
WH, ^_ <=kQ H^Q_.
}= iÒ J~# `~"` P`x =# ii O^yOk. `"i#
`~"` ~=~OQ P`x }=, =#, H qHOK~. ''<<! ^!
|^_= H= J# |`~OQ P`x K=#, =## =~ =~ `H~.
=##H, $uH Ja=$k JQKO_Q P`_ `\# z Nq+= iH #=iOK_.

N=<~}_ : <<! ^! h= h x[~=# iOK@K ^#_

"<=! < O`+O. J~` XH q+O. h D h ^x u~iOz, `lOK
=# J=~O WC_=#k? W@ ~|=H ==K U~_ L# ^#=
~[h, J@ J"=, x~=, x`= JQ P`~=# XH~ J=îOz
LO_=K# H^! W\H h= OH~`_==. H#H h H`Q `lOK
=#^=#k? QOK=# ^=#k? P`` UH`= Ok# `~"` WH h
D s~H Y^Y= =# =K H_, " U=<~?
H#H, ! D h uH ^= D HO`==~ J<H r= =~^~H"
LO_=K#k. J=O [~Q xu Jk. JO^K`, h= KHQ z ~[#
464
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
K~. "uÒQ U^` `H x~iOK= =O^ J^xx *# `lOK~.
`H x~i~. H#H h= L^Q~`"# ==` X#Q_#"_", HO`=
=~ D Lk` xz LO_. O_ ye#C_ P O_x PHO =HO
qb#"Òk H^! h= _ D Lk HO`=#O^ <Q< P WH
|^=# "Q=. W\H =Ò D s~O` r=#_" HtOK^=
QH!

`! WC_ ''Wk HO`= Jx XH" ~|_" Uq\? ^^ Pk`

XH~ ~` XHK@ L^~OK@O, ZH_HH_ [Q` [eOK@O "^#
HO`= H O[q = H^! D r=, P ~`=, h=, <#, PH=,
`k`~ [Q` W=h Uq K K^~<^! =i, ''D s~= `lOK|_e J<
Jax"= ^xH? Wk HO`= H<H^. JO^K` h h=Q D ^=#
i`lOK< =^. H=O Ô J\ @#O` =ÒK`, Jk J*#=xOKH^.
Z=x= # ` `# O^ J*#=, Jq+= PO Hey LO@O^, `#
O^ ^Y "=# ~x LO@O^ ...J\"xH =`" D s~^~}=<k
^H~" LO@Ok.
''<# ZO^ xH~x"_#. ZO^ `Q`#? WH < Qu, <# KQey#k
WO` =`".
H$-u^v =_-"`<=< I
=uO ==x =~}O ` ~[` II ( 38, ~ 39)
<<H =__#, ^d`_#, s~=`_#, JHe_# ...Jx qOK
"xH '=$`= J< J#=O P=H=QK#k.
|^ r= - D [Q` HO^~ r= JO`H~}= J<H P~O~
HeyLO@<~. J<H KOK =$` =zKi, P JO` H~} =# J<H ^~~= H
D_x`<~. ZO^K`? P`=uiH" # Jq"H= # HiOK@K`< ! Jq"H=
`$+ ~=# Ò_qOK@K`<! JO^ eÒQ "~ J<H OiH q+=#
Q_^= "<~. "i z`= J<H =$` J#H}O U~_, J=h J<H
Y^Y =# JqO`~HOQ WKO@ `<! 'H== "^#
J#~=K P =# H}H}O J@W@ D_|_K<! J\"~ `=O^
'H== J< ~=# HeyO_ J<H Pk"^ J~=QK<~. J\"iH
'=~}= J< B+^= P=H=QK#k... JO`Qh, h=O\ "iH H^.
F L=# H~}O G 465
=~}= JO> Uq\?... F ^! D s~= i`lOK|_@ H=

'=~}= J< ~` ==iOK|_Òk. P` =~}"H_k? Jk ~ ^ x+ =
H^! WH D s~= J` H^! J`=, ==`= J~# D s~xH =Ò
''D s~= KKK#k ... J< ^QO ZO`=~ =O[O? H#H '=$`=
J< H# D s~=# _ =#O PkOK@O ^~^.
P`*#O HQ#O`=~ s~ = LO_ f~Òk. ''Jx " P``` =#
îOK@ J# q~=O x ^~îH rq`" x["# r=#O. Jk=`"
~q^= aOKK#k.
Z=_` JO=~`_, xi_, =^$+x OkLO\_ J\"_ ^#_!
H#H ~Q^+~`=Q |k` D [Q`# H= î LO_e. D [Q` H
J~` =# O~= Q Q Oz, J@ ''Q OK@O `lOK@O J#|_ ~ O_\ h
=ê"e. D z`=# H~=# =iOz"e. `K=Q ==~
~OQ Ht# D ==O^ =# H= H_^. D =##
|= #O^ =`" b#O Ke. `^$+x J=OaOz, P bQ HH
==~= PKiOKK#\H, Jx" "<#_ LO_e.
W+, J~+= O\K#C_ Z=_` Z\ ~Q ^ U=Ò O^_
...J\ "x rq`" ^#=. =#~=~O L`= *u O OKi#@
$^~=~O _ Ou, H=, H, "~Q=, L`= P= - "^#
L`= Q}= "eqi QH! Z=xx K... H... Z=x ~ KCO> `k`~
r= P#O^=# O^QQ`~, J\"i rq`= ^#=.
h= JO`\ ==#_= - ^ _=! ~H < =^
_=! H#H ^ !
h H Ki` q#@OK`, h *# H"H J#iOK@OK` D ~[# =#
O^QQ`~. J@=O\ h D rq`=@ J~K L^~OK=# <=#k?
h= WK~K Jf`_= H^!

18. ^= r== r=_

N=<~}_ : a_! ^! hH =K~q+= JkHO K LÔ`
h D ^=, r=#=, =~}=, r= QiOz =iHx "H K`#, q#-
~O ^ ^$+ rqÒ K`[< I
^#~~O ^ O`Q =~}O $`" II ( 1, ~ 40)
466
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
'r== J#Q Uq\? `HOQ Z^~ Hx# D ~H=O= ^=
H LxH< [# J< 'r=#= Jx <~. D r=_ =~H ^=
H~H nxx qiOz#C_, P H '=~}= Jx K|_Òk. h= ==uq
J=@OK` D ~O_ J=#O_ q_=_=. ''D ^=`\^ = r=#= Jx J<H
=Ok r= =~=~ =##O K<~. Jk x[=? H^!
h q+xH= h J\ ^`H"# |k <^. JO^K` h }=
'WOHH K\H =@O J<^ LO_^. WH h rq`=^, =~}=^. ''h
rq`" `QÒk... =~}= `Q^ Jx <# WO`=~ K#Ô` H=O ^$O`
^~#= H~H. ~A_"# h =~}"q\? rq`"q\? PH= `Q
#"#k. JO^ "= L#k. "= PHqOKHx L#O`=Ò K`
PH= `# #`=# `lO^? ^H^! H#H ^|k U =Ò #\ h=
~^ ^#_" J~ L<=.
==~O - J~` ==~O H~, ^^~=#\ j`L+-~ *<^
h L<~ H#H, 'h= D ^=# L<= Jx ==iOK|_Òk. =$H=
Z`Q ~Q\xH PH= H~}= HH~#\H, ''PK@ (PHO) XH ^
=$H= L#k Jx [# KCO@ LO\~ H^! Wk _ J\^. PHO ^
x~H~OQ< LO@Ok Qx, =$H^ PH~O OìOKH^ H^!
WH_ ~ *#= q+O 'P` nxH H~}O Jx K|_Òk.
Jk Hsu. h= =Ò P`Ô O^@K h@ ^ `=O` LqOzOk.
iz#=Q ^` |k JA =`" LO@Ok Qx, h =O\ qA H^. h
|k XH ~|= #O^ =`" ix+" LO_@K, x# ^ ''z`HO
... Jx =i<~. ~^ ~~_=Q h@ ^ J^=, iQ
i`[= JkO|_*=. [=# PH~"H_#k? ...''" P`!
^ ! JÒ` P^ H ~ " # =O`HO ~x=... ^, ~ =# kQqOy
"Q HO =z_h ...HO_ < h ...L``Q gKh ...D
[QÒ` O Hh ...=K^=#k? ^=#k? P` O^ ~^ "K#
h =K H_q\? "q\? D ^~=h ZO`Q< LO_ QH, ^ T_ QH!
WO` JO` JQQH, H q#+"= QH! D s~" YO_YO_=Q QH! P`
#tOK^. =i^. D s~O^#= PÒ^#"\ J=Òk? J=^.

P`` UH`= Ok#"iH ''< ^=` LxH, O|O^= L<~.
<# ^ = H"_# J# z`q = =O` #tOKK#k. JC_H ''`lOKK<#
F L=# H~}O G 467
`lOK@^ J# H# JO` LO_^ . ''nxx i K# `~ "` Jk x~iOK=

L#k... Jk ~Oa# ... Wk i`l# J< OH=h H~Oz`~.
=H ~+ Jh K< Un Kx"~ J~ LO@<~. ''J=== H~
K~. x~=qQ P` ^xH H~ H^. J\ x+=Q P` <# Jx
qOK"xH H~ $`"H_Ok? ZH_ JH~ $`= LO@O^, JH_ JH $`= _
kOKK#k.
JH $Ò OKO> '<# ^xH H~# H^ J# JH~ $`= P~OK@"
~`+"# LO.
=H, ~= Ou - H~ $`=, H $`= #tOK ... WH +OKk ~=
Ou =! J\ Ou ~"#C_ ^xx = =H Jx <~.
|^, z#, q^ JQ"~ == JuHqOz "K<~.
Q OK@ H~H `lOK#k Qx, `lOK@H Q OK#k Qx WH_ "iHn LO_@^ .
Q OK|_K#k J@ Q OK@ H~, J===, J=q, "\H O|OkOz#
=}"= W\ qq^ qH~=h J*# =O `~_`"Qx,
P`# Ziy# *#O^ "\H K@O_^. ''QOK"_, QOK|_#k J#
==~~o #yQ JC_ L^~OK OuH '"H= J# =~H ~.
h =O\ ~++ ~^ J\ =HO^ "K, O` LO@<~.
+ =O J=== HêH= D [Q` OK~O K<~. <<!
~|^ OkO_@K h ~"# `y~<~.
~=^q#"< [Qu u" I
J~ W"=O Ò ` k II ( 21, ~ 40)
H|\, D [Q` u#O` J=H#C_ PÒ^ O`"# |k H"_",
QO xk# "x= LO_. ~|=#O^ b#"# z`= H"~, ''Wq K
Q<! Jx `z, U == O^ U=Ò PH Q#~. WH_ ^MK
LkQ H~. XH J^= `#H^~Q U=O> J^x< `# O^ uaOa
LO@Ok H^! x`=Q "~ J<, JxK~HOQ P =#
H~# x~i LO\~.
*Qu `x O~O` I
=`q"< +^$ II ( 24, ~ 40)
L`= P`^~ #= K K# =h x~$^ D O~ q+= h
K#C_ =#=, xi`, Jf``= =Oz LO@<~. x^ _
468
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
JOHeÒQ #_z"K LO\_. KK"?... J\ LO@Ok, D O~O
*# OK~O!

H! ^! h= JO`~=# |^=# Ok L<=. JO^K`
qk=` `~_, h q^H^~" Z^~Q xez# D `H KH=i`=#
^suQ Ok LO_. J#O`~O Ku~`=Q ~|=# ^suQ Ok
LO_. `^#O`~O Ku~`=Q ~|``=# J=îOKQ=.
J~` J=h _ ~^ hH xi+#O^ ~=# xi+``"
^~#=Q QH! h= ~^ JK`_" =!

19. ^ \a+H=
P qÔQ '[Q^^` =^~_ JQ P N=<~}_ "<=O\ =^~
" eH_. L`= *<^ =Q =@K ^ x H# qHO * _. Q " #x
=@h ^Q q# ^_ =##"~=# J=OaOz#"_, q#=_ W@
eH_.
^ _ : Ò_! <~}! n~H OQ, JOMH [#Q U"" =#H "~K
_# <# `= J#QO K` ~ q+=# JkQqOz xi+=#O^ Hk
H} qOux O^#. ~=# ~_< `èÒQ ''=k J=k
`x =ux, =|kx J=îOK#. q! x~ |k` < JO`~OQ=#
q ^~#O K<#. D ~A D =O q~ < =#O^ _ ^~#O
kOK~.
=#"! Pkq+! WC_ <# U" L<< K`#... q#O_.
J#O` x~H=# XH<H PHqQ= Z "K#^... J> ~q^
OH= #O_ q_=_#\ <# `^= (That which is Present by Itself) #O^
~^ x`q=_< "K<#. q H P[ fHx P`zO`# O^
"tOK#. ZO^H~? U^ H"= K`<, c`q+=K U~_#
"~QO K`<, O~O K`<, D s~O `lOK<, =kx P~OK ^.
~O H ^~#QO H~H P zO`#O^ x=Q_<<#. =# x~
=QK#k. J<H`=O` `Q`, H=OQ UH`= <@ Ò_qOKK#k. XH
== "K# K@ H"K@? [#q\? ~^ ~=Q L# , `^=Q Oz# q`K` =~=#O ZO^HO>, ^$
=O`\ h `lOz nxH Jf`"# OH=# ÔQ J=`_< L<#.
''Wk O~=. nxx =keOKH"e .. J# i`= J*#^< LO@OkQx,
*# ^$+x J=îOz# `~"` H^.
Ôu - ''^= LO> ^YO LO@Ok. ^= O> Q_" LO_^ Jx
q Jk =~`"#x < LÔ. ZO^HO>, ''Wk LO_e... Wk LO__^...
Wk Y=.. Wk ^Y= J#~OQ HxOK Ty@O` z`= H KOK".
P z`= Jq+=# P~Oz LO_@ K`< J@ =iOk. '<# "~...
`k`~ ~ J##k P`|k xK@ =`" |K#k. ^~# OiH
qÔ` q<~ Qx, A# Jq qOK=.
Ò_! H=K<! <~}! <# WC_ ''< JO`~OQ=# L# x` `=.
"== Uq? Jx f=ij# K#. XH K=`~"# q+O xO^"
è=zOk. h" <O^ ~ ^ ` ", x`", JYO_" , J" " "K<=.
h= HH =~q #\ <O^ L^=, `[ Q=
(Hey LO_=#q `lOK=#q) JO@ <Hq HxOK@O^. WH '`
J` ~=# L`#"# D [Q` JO\~? Wk P` K`#= H J H
uaO| =# =`". q! <# WC_ ~= H ~"x QOK#.
==O K`< ^$H^$ qK~} K, JO^ e ÒQ OQ ~= ` ~_
##. =, J= q=_< =kx P~OK#. WC_ q P*#~O D
ux O^#.
~=# qq<, q~ P*#k x~iOK\xH WC_ <# ÔQ
L<#. O_sHH! = K# qk, q^#=` q=# WC_
l#. < [ ^K HiOKO_.

Z=x O`~=O^` JOMH [Q` L< J\ =<~_Q
<~}x ^_ =O` H `^K lOK_. J\HC_
N=<~}x =HO ^_ O<x Jk~OK_. ^=` P \a+H
=`"xH qK ^x H q OK~. =`"#O`~O <~}_
^x L^tOz W@ eH~.
N=<~}_ : ^! =^~#= K |k`, W+ Jx+ =#
`lOz, q+#~Q= Qh, H^= Qh x"_" ~[# K^=
470
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
QH! ~`==, P#O^== JQ Jkf k=^=# Ok#\H h
qkOK|_# D ~[# x~H = KO_^= QH! h Ò_, #Ò_ =
~=~ H L^Q= HeyOKO_^= QH! *#Q=, `xQ=
"^# J= H~== Oz#C_ ^ H H Bz`=# ^$+
@Hx, "=O` Q=` H, =~} ==` x~iOK. ~Q ~`"#
|k x# ~^ P~Oz LO_# QH!
^_ : q! < k, =~^~, ^~= q~. q H~} K`< <#
=`~"# P``` =# îOz h`_<<#. `= "H= < =~ =~
kOK=#kQ < q#=. D O~= ~^ ## PHqOKO_k Z\?
N=<~}_ : ==`=# i`lOz ===` h q^H"#k x~iOK"
... WH D q+= x# U=Ò $tOK=.
J~< h ^Q UO Ke? D O~= H Qu#O` KHQ QOz
L<= H^! J``="# |^=# Ok L<=. WH h H`Q K=#
L^"q ^. q+H Qx, H^=Qx #\ x#, h #x
[# ^Y ^~O^= "kOK=. WH#O_ J~ x~O`~O `= =OQ
`= QiOz _` LO_=# <q ^. ^=^#= Y`K [Q`
O`=OQ LO_Q=. h LxHK ~[# P#O^=Q rqOKQ~. Q_=Q
J*<O^H~x x~Oz# h= W> ~^ H=#=Q |`==#
"QO^=. `=Q H=, H^^# ^y~ ~hO_, =# ~[H x,
JO`~= # Ou "^# Q}=`_# ''P` ~[H x UH! q[. ..
ky[!
W@ eH, ~~_Q <~}_ ^#=Q H~Q~O "tOK_.
^_ H~HOQ g_ eH_.

20. qH
N ~=KO^_ : Q"<! ~^~*! N =+ =s! JÒ` ^=Q ^
H^#=# O|OkOz# q=~}K <# ZO` `$ O^#. KO^xx F+^=
q =K#=O` ## ZO` PîzOk. ~= q`=Q q "H=
qx#O` =Ò K`< QY=# O^#.
J~` <^H z# OÔ. q~ WO`~O ''~+ `= =#<
~= ", O#=`~ Jx K<~ H^!
F L=# H~}O G 471
=i ^_ q+Q"#x O O_< `# H `=Ò

K`< ZO^ Ô O^^? q+" `H" =~O K` Ô kOK~
H^? J\ JQÒ ZO^ U~_Ok?
N =+ =i : <<! ~=! =`_Q P ^_ U^` O^_ JÔ`
'~+|O K`< O^_Qh, =iOH ^xK`< H^.
=~H q+O! '<~}_ J#Q Z=~? ...XH =H? ...H< H^.
#= #< =, "# =, ~OQ z` @==, P`
<~}_ Ja#. `\H= [=Q [<~#_ P` D ~O_ ~
^= #x QOK. q+" P`. ~r= H , D [Q` H P` q+=.
P P` `# ~=H =# '^_ J# P`# q+xQ X#iOk.
J#Q, ^_ P` =#< Ô O^_. JO`~OQ x` ~=Q P`_
=Q qK~}~_, H=OQ ~"` $+"# ~ *#O O^_.
XH =O P` OQ ^"O^K#k. =~HC_ Q=O`_,
H_ JQ q+x ^= O^Òk.
J~` XH =@. XH_ n~HO [ ^<k J<H H~H==
x~iOK=K QH! qK~}#_` =Ò P |^=_< ~ , *#=# HeyOK*_.
H#H '~+ `=K HQ P`qK~} ~ H`~=# =Y"#
L=x JO^~ Q=xOK^~QH!
~+ `= -
N~=_ : =i =~= kOK@O "^# "\ =@ Uq\?
N =+ =i : J=h =^=~ L= =`". JO^K` h= =Y
L"#\ 'P`qK~}# J=OaOK@# ` P~OK. HOK= qOz
J~< ~, OKOk=# =~KH. ~q^= 'P`qK~} J<k JO
K~. XH\ ~^ Q~ @H ... Z=~K@ Uk O^K#\H, JÔ` "iH
~+ `"Qh, =iOH=~ ZH_#O_ WzOk H^.
JO^K` h= ~+ `=# Z\HC_ J=OaOz, D WOk=#
^\"~ . D WOk= Z^~Q LO_ H#|_K# ^$~ O~ =^=#
^\, ^x H= L# ~=^=# O^=.
N~=_ : J~` [<~#_ ^# `H" =~^~H= kOK~ H^!
P# ^K`< ^_ P`^~#O KQeQ_ H^?
472
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
N=+ =i : ~+ Ò O_< [<~#_ HxOKQey`, ~H
H^ _ P`^~#= a LO_^.
ZO`\ L`= Q~"< `#_# t+# `` ^ KQQ`_?
~`#=O HQ*Q_? ^. U ~+`= Kx J*xx _
Q~" H#H LîOKQey`, ^x J~O P Q~= `# W+"` XH Z^H, XH \
@H, =~H `# W+"# r=#H P`^~} QqOK"_. Hh Jk J\ OqOK^.
=YOQ, XH\ Q=xOKe. P` =*O `k`~ =# Qx, Q~= =#
Qx, ^#= =# Qx =`^= aOK^. =iOH?
U q^"# Ò K< ~... D =## =~KH#Qey` K. `#O`@
`< D r=_ =`^=# O^=K. XH_ "~ Q=# J=OaOz, J=OQ
D WOk ~=# n# "#~<_, WH P P`xH D =_ H=
O^=#^q LO_^. JO^ =, Q~= H~O JOkOK\xH
~^ ÔQ L<~.
JO^K` ~=! h= P` ^~ P`# P~kOK=, îOK=. P `~"`
WH PÒ^ "=. JO^ K Ò =, Q~= J#=O,
=h Ki` h KHQ LHiOKQ=.
H #O_ *#= - J~`, HO^~ =K JOkO|_K# ~=#
O|OkOz# =K~x qO@< _, 'J=Q# ^$+ H~ ^$ , `=
|kK J\HC_ HiOKH`<~. ZO^K`? #@=# HuQ
"i |k HO` xtÒ H= L#k. J\"~ QeK ZQ~H@|_# ZO_Q_~H
Q D O~Z_i K~ K<~. J\ "i O~HO^# qx# `^+Q
*# J\ O~ r=# `^=# \ =îOK\xH, x++ $^Q
*\xH 'q+H x HeOK~. J\ Hx P~OK"~ H=OQ z`kx Ok,
D O~H` # O_ q__ # "~Q K<~. H K q^" # =# aOk. q^" #
=#K P`= O^~#O OKK#k.
JO^H H H J= (`=) "~Q= (~Q~`=) D
~O_ ZC_ H_H"e Jx K|_Òk.
~`` ~_, ~r=~_ JQ ~~x qOK@ H H^!
HK *#= [iÒk. Hx HO^~ Q=O`x @ Hx xHH`<~.
J#Q, J<H q+"#, ^$ O~=, HeyO_@K |k O^ UHQ`,
x~`= H~=_ LO\Ok. J\ r= H~ ''lOK@ lO|_K#k
([ [H=) J##q Q}=Q (at lower stage) HeOK|_~.
F L=# H~}O G 473
J~` WOk= =O HH~#O` HO D r=# 'L`=^$+ aOK^.

[ "^#q 'WOk# =~KH#@ J# =~O U~~K|_# L
=`" . ~ [H JOu= [#= D r=_ WOk `=# [~Oz,
`< "\x =O KH=@O. U r=_` D WOk= ==QK<_, J\"_
D O~~}O JqOÒQ Y^Y |^_QK<_. XH\ `~"` =~H\ Q
LK hK [# ~O~# O^`< L<_. JO^K` '[ H [#=
WOk=# =O K H=@" Jx =~Hi ~ [# Q~ K < #. 'qK~}
WOk= L== H~H XH~ LHqOKe. D ~O_ H` i
aOK_. P ~O_ x"_x i _ H__.
JO^K ~=! h= h z`= 'qK~} L=#= # Q P~OK#@,
WH J\ #`# z`=` P`# P~kOK. JC_ `H P`*#=, P` u
kOK Q=. P ~O_ #C_ =#=x z`=#, Q_^ z`=# ^"=#k?
WOHH q+O. h= H"^# ZO`Q i", JO`H< Z=Q =O^ h
z`=# iOK.
''F z`=! h= `K"# DQ= o# ^~= =O\ D #~ WOk
J#= =< ZO^ P~OKK<==? P H < J=$` HO LO>, Jk =ê\
D WOk =~= L# ^~#`_# =O= =O\ q+# P~Oz
'K ... K J#O@<"? Z^~Q 'P` J< L`= ^~O LO_Q J#~= #,
O~ |O^= #, ^$^~* =# ZO^ P~OKe KC ? Jx H=H=OQ
D h z`=# ^ K~. P`# O*Q L`= `=O^ xqOK.

~= [# q+~#~ `
Ò i`[ x |i+O #~^=. ( 26, ~ 43)
F ~=KO^! J 'q+= ZH_<_? P`_ ~[# JO`~=#
(JO`~O Q=#) "K<_. J\ JO`~O Q q+= # `lOz |~ q+= # qOK
q+O JÒuH= (Finest) H^ =!
$^ QO^ "K# <`# K`#``" P`H =Y s~O.
J^ <~}x =Y ~O, x" #O _. WH, D OYKHQ^^~ ~O
JO\", Wk =K HeOK|_#^! =Y q+O q_z, Q}= (J=Y=,
J^ #=, `` H} =`=, Q}O|O^" # k)# =`" P~OK"_ ~O
HO J=$`=# U=~KK#"_ J=`_. P`_ =`~=# q_z =#H
474
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
J] KKK#> J=Òk. JO^K` ~ #O^<! P` q"H" Jx\H< L`= "# k.
Jk ~= H "
#k. Jx `=H L`= [#O J^. P`#
q+HH J~=-qk-q^#= _! ''D H#|_ ~ ^-<`-P`
~ - J##^ q+H H ~ MO=.
=i[ - J~` HO^~ 'P` q"H= q+" iQ \ OKH=@O
^. "=Q=Q z`=# =, O^~=Q P``` ="Q ^$+ iOKH
=K<~. H~}O? "i "i KOK z`". J\ KOKz`_ J|O H~H
OYKHQ^îQ q+= ix JiOK@O ^ H~ = H~H qA, G=
iHe< ~. Jk =$^ Jx < L^ O H^ =! J@ =ix JiOKK~Q,
` "~Q= |_KO_Q... H=OQ z`= x~=QK#k. J\ x`
[ H [#OQ L`="# q"HO L^~Ok. q"H= H=OQ z`=#
^+~Ò, qÒ KOk. c[" H<H +` J~, P `~"` + ^
~x "^[Òk H^! = uk# i*=Q P` `#O`@
`# `## O^K#k.
J=O, PHHO - F ~g~! XH<H u=O`_ q+= #O_ (J#Q
H~ |O #O_) XH =~O O^_#H... P e Oz# =~O _ J [#"
H^! JO`Qx PHHOQ... `=<^ Uq O_ (JÒQ) Z=iH Un
aOK^ . J~`, Hx Hx `= H XH<H [#O =# J\H C _
Z^~Q H#_H =K. =~H =O U~_K# [#=# K# C_,
J ^$+Q [# U^ èx 'J^$+= J#|_ ^xH Pk<~. ''=Q
^$+` WÔ` ijeOz#C_ ''U^< ~, ~+H~= K`< O^|_K#k Jx
`H è=KK#k.
=#, x=HO - Y= ^Y= =#= J==#=, Q=
`[=, J= JkH= D qh L#k =#<. q ~ O^
PH~" (Abode) L#@ =# H x=H" (The conditioning of mind)
~==~= P^~O. q `" "xH, H> H>"xH, fH "#
uk` q+ ijeOK"xH JOîH H~k H"O> xQ" (disciplining
the mind) LO J=Òk. =iOHn L" LO_^.
=#, L=#O -
`=[#} =x q =#" I
=<=O u =<=`=~= II ( 37, ~ 43)
F L=# H~}O G 475
''=# J< ==Ô LqOK#O`=~ r=_ "Hn [# Z``

D =O_=# iq< LO\_. XH<H_ |q+ ~^^# z~HO
lOK=K! "iH P`x @ ZO` "Ò HQ=K QH! J~< _, "~
P`x ` Ò, ^=Q# O_ ''=<"k J< L^=O #O_ P`xx
~HOKQ~? ^.
^"kH B+Ô zH` Z=iH "~ HiOKe H^! J\Q =<"kH zH`
Z=iH "~ HiOKe. XHiH~H =~H~ zH` fH=@O Z ^~Òk?
JO^K` h h" qK~} Ke. J~`, J\ qK~} H=# =K~O,
O^ x=$u "^#q Q~=, u=~k ^=`, = `H JOkOK@O
[~QÒk. == "`~ _<, P ==# h= H# `~z Kz#C_ H^,
h è=Kk!
JO^K`, ~ "! h= WOk=, JO`H~} =# Z^~Q (q+= Q)
`~_ D q+=# =ê"~. JO`~`_= JQ=. K`# ~O
XH^x< zOuOK=. JC_ hHH [#-#~# #=O` "^ LO_^.
O"^=QK# (D è=KK#) ~ JO`~ q+=#O_ q_=_
''x~==, ~=#O^==, J#O`=, <`= JQ K`<< PkOK.
''<# ~^ ^ K`#=< H^! Jx qOKK x# h= QOK. x< ~`
~ =Q îOKKO_=. ~ = h ~OQ J LO_. (==` ~ ``
==^~ =Q`) JC_ J\ K`# `` =# Pk# h=, #~=$u
~`=Q #=# O^Q=. JC_ D #~<^ h PkOK|_=.
h ^$+ h= #~#~`_" LO\=. ~`_" P`~=_" J#H}HOQ
P`H`~O Pk LO\=.

(<O_= ~A qK~} i J~Ok)

476
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
^=_= ~A
VI. =<^~}O
Qk =$ÒÒ
1. =^~# Ò
N=+=i : F ~=KO^! ''D O~= JO`=k Z\? J#
=^#O ''z`=# [~OK> J~ L#^! =i L=O@, "~ Uq
^. WH qQ` (`k`~ G-x~`) Lh z`=# [~OK@ H~H ~zOK|_
L<~.
N~=_ : =s! J '[Q` J#|_ D = Z\ qi Ok? P "z ` "q\?
D r=x@ Qk|O_= O# D 'z`= J##k Z\ ~kÔ\Ok?
N =+=i : z`= J#|_k P`~_Q D r=x OH$` K=`~"! h
=^#OQ 'Qk J< XH } x =$ÒÒ K`#. ^Q q#.

H Ô XH<HC_ 'Qk J<~ Q XH }_ LO_"_.

P "_ QQ}e, "^"`, |k=O`_, ^~=i _. P`x z`= z#\
#O_ q+=@ q~H Hey, ZO` a LO_k. L`= " Q P Qk XH
~A `# |O^[#=#Oîh H}O `lOz", J~}O K~_. JH_ 'yi J# ~
Q XH Ôx XH ~=~O qOQ P=O xiOKHx OÒQ `
~OaOK_. ''~O^=_Q q+=i H =`~ ^~#O < aOK# QH
J# UHH ^=` ^Q ` H#yOKQ_.
Zxqk = Q_K~. P "_ @^, UHQ`, H^ Kz q+=i
K O`+OK~. XH k#O P# OY KH Q^î J~ Qk =O^ ` H" < _.
Nq+=i : F H! h UHQ`, x~$Ô Kz O`+OK#. h
` eOzOk. WH a_! Uq H" ... H~H.
Qk : =q! <~}! q~ JOMH [Q`x } $^=
H ~ LO\~ H^! J\ =`~ ~Q q W" OQ Ô_}=,
F L=# H~}O G 477
=_ [Q` (~, =~, ` [Q` *Q`, , + [Q`)

~^ P^~`Q q ^ ^ #=~O.
Q"<! <HH z#HiH L#k. z^H= #O^ q =# HeOK|_ D
O~= H ~~ îOKx < Ja+.
Nq+=i : F! Ò_, Qn! h= < =# î=!... `^#O`~O <
_==@O K` `l= _!

W@ eH N=q+= JO`~#=_. P _ [Qùx îOK@O K`

~= ux O^_. =# N"ix îOz# =^ ~#= O xO_ O_Q, H=OQ
~A Q_Q_. Z\ Q< `, ^#=, ^=, Juk[ x~i
J^ P=O K ~A Q__.
XH~A L+HO ~=~O #O PKiOz X_# XH KH\ K@ ^#O
"x ~<_. P`x =# q+Q"#x` Hey# =Q=O, = H
K=`~= QiOz K# K L#k. HO`# `~ "` ^="# `~ "`
=~ <^ Kx z ~=~O "tOK_. #"# `~"` PK=#O
K, OHO K ''J=~} HO iOKQ_.
...JC_ ~`Q XH K@ ÔQ LK~} Py~Ok. `~"`
HO Q~ ~^. Q~KH< Ò =~H =O`"^ $uH =z, iOK
yOk. ^ ~^# =#~OKO@ LO_Q h\ =^ U^ ^$+x
PHiOzOk. JH_ J`xH U^ q+~O~ HxOKQ~. Jx\h =~z WH
J> ^$+, ^# iOKQ_. `# ^ h\=^ LO_ LO_Q< } Ô
#O_ |+iOK|_K#@ #"# u O^Q_. J`x ^ U^ #`# =~O
iOKyOk. P QkH `^#O`~#=O W\ H#yOk.

xK#@< Qk H } s~OOz |~`"<~. s~O <

eOk. ''J! <# ZO` uOz< D Ô LQxH ~=@O^? - Jx
P r=_ Hk `K_` qKiOK_. e~# P s~O H =YO ZO_~#
PQ +"~Ok. H=`|_, aQn~. Z=~ |O^= P
xs= s~O JH_O_@O Q=xOK~. Hk\ D "~ J@-W@ HOk. ^y~
|O^=O` ZH_H_ #O_ =z JH_ K~~. ô` xO_# P s~x n#OQ
K P`x è <u <~ Ô@ ~kOKyOk. ^s^~ H ^Q~
478
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
HH# ~x U_ Hh H~Q~. "i ~^#^x Hk aQ~Q,
=iHO` U"" J+ ` qxOKyOk. J=== XH^x` =~H\
WO`HO He LO_, WH K#x, qQO H~ =#OQ "z L#@ L<~.
} <\ #O_ x+qOK~ H... <~ `~z L#k. qq "~
KK"iH HOKO O Hey<~. K= =#OQ ~^## qO@, ''< @
Z=iH ZO` = L#^? Jx Q=x#@Q L<~. H ^~O #O_ KO>,
U^ x"# ` x=Q"#@Q P Ô =#OQ, OÒQ H#|_Òk.
''<<, |! ZO`x K=... K< q#^H^! JO`\ "_q, WO`\ "_q,
J\ J<"_q, W\ LO_"_q, "O +"O... x# ^HOKHHO Jx
K J~ LO_@K` JH_ K=Ok |O^= QO`H r~~. Hh
UO O? " U_ UO kOKQ~? J=Q P '==# JH_ #O_
`yOz ^~OQ x~# Ô ~"~=O^ H^.

'Qk Jx WO`HO OkO|_` =# P ^ `# uH ^= H
Qu#O` Q=x WH Kk H =~H K@ "Ò@ JH_ #O_ |^~_.
P =$`` J~}OÒ Q XH P@qH Q=O XH Q~O "tOzOk.
JH_ Q~"< =^K "_Ok. H=OQ xq`HO t" [xOzOk.
P@qH *u x=OK XH "\H [xOz# P _ 'H@OA_ J< ~` =|_K
H=OQ 14 U _<_. P "_ JH_ ^ =@ _Kqx @K Ji
z~Q u~Q ~OaOK_. Hx "@H# "O@@x K@ H Q J_=
OKi =O^k =$Q=# KO` HO Q_Q_. =$Q= z =O"
JH_ [# =M~O.
HO`HO `~"` JH_ K (H =OO u< XH<H *u"i) H##
q"O KH<_. "o^~ JH_ zHQiOH = qiOKQ~. "iH K
=Ok O`#O HeQ~. HO`HxH ÔQ`# O =O\ ^+ =~# H~}OQ JH_"iK
Ti #O_ "_Q@|_@K, TiH ^~OQ XH Q_ H@Hx LO_==zOk.
P`x |k ~= Hi#OQ, K` |~OQ LO@ LO_q.

HO` HxH JH_ |e# XH OH~"k H P`x ~, XH~H~Q
=~}OK~. O P`_ XO@i"__. QOOz `~# _ Q
qq_ _. P`x W`~ O=$ux ^$+ @x Ti"~ Qx,
`k`~ |O^= Qx TH ~h^. P`xH O~= @ qO #yeOk.
F L=# H~}O G 479
XH =~= Ô XH K@ ~x K ~A ~kOK_. UO Ke
=i? JH_ K* u "~ P`xx î*~h ~! `# ^+, hK K~ |+iOK~
=i! Hk ~A `~ "` H@OA_ JH_ #O_ K_. n~ } K , K@H
^ Oî aH@#O` H_ xOO@ HO`HxH ''H~ J< Ô K~_.
P ^xH =Y @}"# H~#Q~O "tOK_.
P`_ P qÔQ H~ @}O "t JH_O` ZO` O^_Q LO_@O
KK_. JH_ q è~. P ^~A P HÒ ~* JH`Q =~}OK_.
^~^$+=` Kx~# P ~A O`#O^. P ^ ~*OQO H~O P
i` @>#Q P ^ U ~_ "_ Ô_ JOHi P`_ ~A
J=`_. P~[Ox qq^ ^ #O_ [ `=`= J^$+=# sHOK
H=\xH H~ @}xH `~e=K~. P ~A `k`~ ~[[ ("~ ^ ~)
@}"O x+Ô. J~` aH_Q H@OAx q+O JH_ x ^$+H ~<^.
=z LO>, P`xx JH_ LO_xK"~ H^.

~[g^h [# OÔ` xO_~. Z=iH "~ "_# =iOKO@

^= "H=@O, T qiOK@O K<~. aO` XH "Q x|_
D `ÒQ=O` ÒQ K P#Ok<~. P aH XH z=~Q aa
=O@, JH_ `k`~ aH JîO, pîO O^` PHe, qQ#
kQqOQO@ H@OA_ XH = x|_ K<_.
WO` ~OQO^~OQ JOHiOz# @>#Q P gkH ~< =zOk.
`=x ^\ =O^ `# @ U#Q# K, [# L~#O@, JH_
x "~z, =@ H ~O_, x~ÒQ K<~.
WO` P U#Q aH xK#K\H =zOk. ~i H@OAx "_
= "Ok. H@OA_ P \Ò@# q_. WOH P~O #O_ `~
HO_<, XHi Ô^ "Q~. x P aHx ~ J_y `<~.
''=# H` =~A H\OA"iH q[, ky[=! Jx aQ~Q HH
q#=\~. iKiH Ku Ô_` P`xx qOK~. "~ qq^ QO^
#=`, P~}=` P`xx JOHiOK~. [ K@=\ **
KO_Q H@OAx ~[ fHx~, ~[O#O ~\~. |O_OQ
S^ ~A \a+H=`=O [iyOk. H`Q =z# ~A ''Q==~A Jx
#`# <=Ô uHOK~.
480
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
WH\ #O_ P`_ H~~ ` q~l`, zO`q^~`_ =O``
_ ~[# KQ_. Hk < P`x WK# J#iOz J<H ~[<
J= =K~. H~^Q ux^ ~[Ox qq^ ^= #O_ ~[
#= J=~ O _Q, P`_ ^H` ` ~[O UK ~A, <, O=`~
Q_Q_. P`_ ''Q==~A J< #`# <=Ô` JH_ kHH_.
[O^~ P =~A# ZO`Q< uOKK LO_"~.

2. q~Ô
Q==~A (H@OA_) H i<^H`K [ H H
~` YOQ HOQ_KO_"~. P =O P`_ `# WO`~ P@qH
rq`=O` iQ qiOK_. x~O`~O =#=`, =OQw`=` P#Ok,
=` L#"x= ~A Q_Q_. P qÔQ ZxqÔ_ Q_z~. J`x
O~" =i~Ok. ^ ^H}= ^#= <= =O\ P~Q}=`
P`_ [ _<_.
XH~A Q=# ZO^H `# =#\ ~A Q~ =K~. ''D ~[#,
D O~O= Q< L<~ Qx, < =#\ UHO` rqÒ WC_ aOK@
^? ~O P@qH K*u L#C_ Qz@Hx "\_` LO> ZO`
QO_k! ...~OQ<< ~, XH~A D ~[# H \, < WO`~
~O ^y~Q L# J_q OKiOz ~"e Jx J#<_. PK# =z#^
`_=Q, P OHO JO`~O `~Q K~_. UHO` =Ok~O "tOK_.
`# JOH~}=h T_n P@qH ~O Qz@H<_. ''J=! ~Q
L#k. D H$u="# JOH~ =x+H ZO^? Jx J#O@, XHi^~
=O` - ~A =`" è LO_ ~ =~O QO_ JO`~O #O_ @ __ .
P`_ WC_ JKO W` ~ H@OAxQ< L<_. J~`, P`x z`= WC_
`# p# H~=# `lOz B^~=` xO_ L#k.
H=OQ H~@}O =ê, J_= "Q " =~O J_Q " |
^~_. Hk #_z# `~"` P`xH XHK@ JÒ` iz`"# P@q _C
|~ |O qxOzOk. ''W^q\, = K LyOK |~ q#|_
`<~? Jx J#O@ J@"Q #_K_. P~O! " Z=~ H^! `# K
*u |O^ =. " _C ~O~ =O K` XHi H ZyiQO`
F L=# H~}O G 481
"Q_. "` > Q #$Ò K ~OaOK_. P K <_

H@OAx Q~>_.
K<_ : Fi H@OA_! #=\! D H~Ô ZC_K=? WO`HO
U"<=! K ~A HxOK"! WC_ <EQ `~=! Wk=~
"~@Q JOîx O OQ= K"_q H^! WO`HO ZH_ U J_q<
h= U =$QxH P~"=x J#<O. WH_O K<=? WH_ ~A H#
Pî_x, =# `@ #$Ò Kz |@, _| W_x qx "= =KO. WH_
UOK<=? WH_ " Z=~< `?
P K<_ =\_`< L<_. H@OA# <@ =@ ~^. WOHO
=\_ O_ "#H uiy H~ @ } O " ~ Q OHOK<_. JH_ K* u"
''g_H WOH |k~? Jx J#O@ `= `@ `#$Ò H#yOK~.
H@OA_ Z=iHO\ _O_ JO`~O Ki =~ ~[= îOK_.
''WOH #O! H~~ [ [H <# "~ ^ P@qx K* u"_#x è^ .
|uH - Jx J#<_. JH_ ~*OQ q^#O J`_ Zy L<_.

=~H~O_ ~A Q_K~. ~O_ ~A OHO ~[OQ}Ox

q<^ =<xH ~A U#Q `~e =K_. [ q<Ô H~ =O` P ~A
K `@#$Ò U~~K~. ~A Z\Q< P =z O#O "Q
J_Q " L<_. K* u <_, `k`~ K* u "~ H@OAx Q~ \ ~ .
''J ! =# H@OA_ WH_ ~A! Jx P~~. `= `= QQ
_@O ~OaOK~. WÔ` U=Ò èx ~A Z\Q< ~ ~[
O#O P#_<_. K*u<_ XH =Ou^y~ "o ''J! P ~A
Z=~ H^. = P@qH K*u "_. = Ti #O_ Zxq^ HÒ "o_.
WH_ ~[_x = è< è^ Jx KCO@`<_. Jk qO@#
H~~[ =Ou J"H_.
Uq\? = Q==~A = ^ ~_ H^? Q P`_ XH P@q_?
JO^#, H=OO u< PK~OQ K*u "_? ZO` ~O, Ji+O [iy
~Ok! H~^ ~*OQO H~O Wk K Ji+=` _# ^+"# q+"?
WC_OKe?
`@ #$Ò [~QÒ_Q< D q+O `k`~ =O` è~Ok.
H=OQ QQ |^~~. q<^=O J~iH q+=O` K
482
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
=OkH è~Ok. ~A JO`~xH "` [# J< q+}OQ LO_@O
Q=xOK_ _. J~`, J\H P`xH H~}O è^. H#H \ OKH^.
Hh P `~"` P`xH [iyO^q\ èOk. H=OQ 'XH ^~^ K*u"_
WO`HO ~[O U_ J< "~ H~^=O` HOk. ~" J<H=Ok
^HH"~ ^d`~. = P`x P[# `$}HiOKQ~. P`xx
''~H~ K XH J=OQ_ Q [ K_Q~. ~[ [ ~=@O
=x"~. =H[# K=Ok JO`~xH ~=@O^. P`_ K~
HiOz< =O` uiy @^. ''Uq\k? H=OQ <# zeQ= _
x ^~^ @iQ J~`<<? Jx =^ KO^Q_.

<Q~A Q_K~. ~*OQO~Q =OÒ^~ XHK@ ="

"<~. J! D ~@ Z\ [iy< =O`"# =#" H^, Ô! =#O
KHO D q^j Kx # L<O! ~*OQx iQ J= ~KH=@O
=#k ZO` `C! - Jx KiOKHQ~.
Hk=Ok =O` ''^xH "= K# D `C Pù ~}O Jx
x~~OK<~. J\HC_ JH_ ^ JyQO_O `~K ''H~~[=#
= =# JO\# ^+= `QQH! H~[ =Oz [~QQH Jx HH "
JyQO_O "tOz Pù K<~. @}=Ô [iy# D O@##
K ^Q H~}~~=` U_=Q~. J<H=Ok [ P JyQO_O
K@ xKx K `= |kx H~. xC L_K# s~= ^~OÔ
@}=O` "OzOk.
Wk W\ LO_Q, ~A xs~_ JkH~`_ J_x Oq^
è~Ok. ÔQ=~ Ô x J<HK @ W |_ W+O =z#@ ^KHQ~.
J<H [~Q~x O@# K@ KH=@O K` [ `= =# ^<^ ~H}
H~.

HH`mOQ ~[~, ^}=` [#"=, Zxq^ ~*kH~O

J#qOz# H@OA_ XH <Q ~A U~_# HHqHh Q=xOK_.
''J! < =< H^, D [~Q~xÔ` [iyÒk! WO`Q ^xH < H~}OQ
WO`\ J#~O [iyÒ>, <# WC_O Ke? J~< WH<# Z=iHO, ZO^
rqOKe? =i HO`=Ok =Oz"~ Pù KHH =O^ << `y`, g~
F L=# H~}O G 483
=~H ~A# #~O Z#O\~. JO^K` D [ W\ ^~ `Q\xH

< << }`QO K#!
W@ `z H@OA_ gkH =K_. XH Ô zu~_. ''F H~^
[~! q~ P"_ =iHx J#~= `z@HHO_. H~^ OH=O Hi D
Q=_ uHÔ Jy K<_ Jx =_~ ^Q H\ =iH
Z=~=O@#n U=Ò q#O_ Jy"O K_.

~=~O J=~} HO Q#O K ÔQ L# Qk HO~O
=O@Q L#@ JxOz, XHi #" Kz, `# ZH_#n Q~`K<_.

3. n~ =< i=}O
N=+ =i : X_ Ki# =^ `~OQO H} HO OuOk KK"! J\
Qk Ok# ^$=O` H}O =@="~Ok. =<OH ~=Q
"#= #O_ P`_ q~u (withdrawl) O^_. H`Q@K =`H#"_ H
`QQ<, P =` #O_ q_=_#@ P`_ H~~[ # ^ ==~ "^#
"\ #O_ q_=__. ''P! <# Qk J# ~` =|_ =xx H^ Jx x[
~O `KO@, [ =Ô Oz <=kQ J_Q "O@ X_ K~_.
PHO, <, k Z\ =< L#@ Q=xOz ZO` P~__.
Qk `# `# ''P! <<=_#? Uq KK#? WC_ < J#="#Ô`
Uq\? Jx [iy#Ô` ìOK<_. F! Jn OQu. HOKO J~
LO_@O K`, _ L# <# HkH} U^ =# ^$OQ KK# H.
Jx J#O@ @ #_=Q_. P=O " ` WOH W@ `Q_.
Qk (`# `#) : <# ~[# K K < =# `k`~ [iy# ^+=#
iiOKH=@O HO Jy "tOK# H^! P J#==# O|OkOz#
, =O`, K*u P@q, a "^# "~O` Z=~? ZH_<~?
<<, Jq"`_#, H H~~# _ Z~Q#. WH < |O^=, "O`
^~OQ LO_ < Q=O L<~! =i <# Jy "O KOk Z=i =HO?
#Q~O =O\ D O@## J ZO^ Ok#@?
J=#! JÔ` O = = J~ LO@Ok. <# =$u KO^@O < |O^
= ~=@O, D uH ^=# Kz U_=@O, <# =~H è Q~O "tOK@O,
484
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
P@qH K \ ~Q@O, o, , = *u"i Q= |+~}, ~~[
}O, ~[=@O, < `\ Q= ## QiOK@O, =O` P ~O è
=@O, "i HOî Pù, z=iH << Pù KH=@O, WÔ` n~OQ
J#qOz<# Qx, JO` XH " J~ LO@Ok. W\H Jk H Qx, J!
J\H =Ò ZO`Q `"# J#=O! U_#, #"#, OOK#, OQ_#,
_#, ~*kH~O K~OK#! ...<# O^xk ^. J~! ''<# Qkx J<
q+" P n~ =O *HO ~^? J=#. =O *Q$` u
q+O *HO ~=@O ^Q! Wn JO`.
J~<, JO` +OQ J<H q+ J#qOK# H^! T "x
OOK@O K` " ## < O a_# |+iOK~. < O a_ < H
Z^~Q =~}OK~. <# ^ ^ #_KO@ H~Ô "tOK#. aH
=^ OOQ x|_ L# ## @ U#Q =z =` JOHiOzOk.
~[#. <x~ K, ~[# K#. = Q=O"~# K
## Ti |@ Kz QiOK~. P ~A <# Qp @x ~*O`~O #O_
~ =~O QO_ |@ "H` <# WOH ~AQ< LO_ "_<"! J~~!
<#\ K=Ok H^.
H#H JÔ` J`", " Z J=Òk? H^. Uk x[O! Uk JÒ!
KO_~[ rq`= XH>< `=! ~O_ "<? W^ q+= H.
J=#! KH# e z zQ J_= OKi#@ D z`= _ Ou
^$+` iqOK@O [iyO^? J~ LO_=K.

D qÔQ P O@## QiOz z`= H "= QiOz Pz
Qk JH_ `# P=O K~_. Hk~A Q_z~. P`_ ^H~OQ `#
^#, `, J^<^ H#yOKQ_.
XH ~A XH @i P P=xH =K_. P`_, n~"# } K
LO_@O K` H, ZO` J~, h~OQ HxOK_. Qk P Jukx PxOz,
LK~^` qOK_. HO`# `~"` P @i H FH, L`=
OA<_.
Qk : J! q J@ `yO^? =Ô q~ =K =O ZO` Je
~, _ L<~. U"< J<~QO H~}=?
@i : ^ <<! <# WO`Q H$tOz LO_\xH XH =Y H~}=#k.
F L=# H~}O G 485
Q PO K@ ~A "~ JOQ^H } 100 ~AQ K#. JO^K`<

h~OQ Hx<#. h Juk =K < J@ HOKO `yOk. K O`+O.
Qk : JO` s~H = O^=# JQÒ qH=#k?
@i : JÔ` tÒQ K= =zOk.
Qk : q~q `C K~x tÒ J=~"#k?
@i : WH_H L`~OQ K ^~OQ 'H~ J< ^ Ô L#k. P ^xH Q
i^ XH x~# Ô XH P=O ` KO@ ~A "|K<
"_#. XHi [ P#O q^ JH_ =Y @}"# H~#Q~O "#. ~}
KC` JH_"i PuÔ K ~A Q_#. J~` JH_ JH`Q ~*OQ
q~^"# XH Ju |@ HOk. P ^x Zxq^Q XH ~~^j_
eOK_. JO` Q^... P ~A W`~O XH P@qH H =OOu< PK~O
Q K* u "_@. P`_ q*f_x èQ< P`xx JH_ [ u~ iOK~.
P`x # L#O^Q# " tÒ KH=@O ~OaOK~. <#
K LO_Q< JH_ HO^~ ~[ a+, P ~A _ Jy "tOK~.
P qÔQ xO_ } HH^~Q H~ K =H=@O Kz < =#
HHqH J~#k. WH JH_ LO_H#. Z< " He#_H# }Oz
'Q "#. JH_ < =# tÒ KH=\xH 100~A L"O
LO@ ^" ~# yOK#. u~E ^"O "~ ^H } , JOQ^H }
, ^#
*^ x~iOK#. Hx ~A~# `~"` < =# ^@_Ok. WH H<H
JH_ #O_ |î ^@#O K D ~A h Juk##. x= x+`
x~iOz# ^# *^ =# Hey# s~H = = <# HOKO H$tOz#@<#.

P @i KCK#Ô` q# `~"` Qk=xH P~O "Ok. U""
" H~ @ } O QiOz U"" qh q<_. P ~u " =@ KC O@
LO_Q " èO_< Q_z~Ok. `"i# `~"` L~O fHx
@i Qk =^ = fHx Z\ "o_. Juk =~^` P @ix
Q#O# `~"` WH Qk PK# __.
Qk : J~! ZO` P~O! D @i K# ^xH, <# `\HO J=~} =O`
~#O K Ou =O K` Ok# J#= ~O~ ZO` O`# ^~Ò^!
<# Uk ^~#O K< JÔ` W`xH Qz#@Q Z=~< K~? Z=~
K`~? <# =~=i`# K< ^ H^! Uk =? Uk Ou? KO> D
486
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
P=O, WH_ = Q=Ox < |O^=, D @i... W=h =x"<!
H, H~ ~[O =x^? <<=ix? D = Uq\? Qk J#Q <<<?
=~=~<<?
<# P |O^[#O =^ Jy"O K@O '=x^ J#@O U=Ò
OÔ ^ H^! 'H~ #Q~O J#|_k L#^? O ^. Uk U"#\H D ~
J#= ~O~x ``=q\ Hx@=O^. Hx>k Z\! P! U=#k
D @i 'L`~O " H~Ô QiOz zOK_ H^!

`j_ O^x Ô@ U=O@Ok? Qk [Q<# O~O Q îOK
< LÔ` `# P=O #O_ |^~_. K ~A }Oz =O^Q
P@qH K LO_ [<~} OÒ K~<_. `# \, @OA_ J# ~`
iy OKiOz# P Q=O `# *H O|OkOz# Z< z KK_.
\ Z< U iy# P O`=O` ZO` izÒQ HxOzOk. Jk Kz#
P`x =#O` "~QO` xO_~Ok. JH_ P`x W`~ Q$O Q_ e
L<~. `# u~E ~O_ K tk" F = HxOzOk. TiH z=iQ
L# P Q_ [# #= LyOz# z, K, O_ J=OQ
_ L<~. P O`=O` qH ]` xO_ L#k. JO` ije P`_
K Q==O` K\ =K_. JH_ "i `# ~iK HO^~
`~ _ ~ . "i `# iK "# XH =H` "i + O+} ~OaOK_.
Qk : | ! h ~ |_ H^!
P =x+ : P! << # |_. <~ hH èOk?
Qk : JkQ, P z=~ TiH ^~OQ Q_ HxO^! JH_ Z=~O_"~?
P =$^ K_ : F! J^! JH_ H@OA_< XH_ Oa_` LO_"_. "_
= "_. J~` T ÔQ`<, u@@O, H@@O KO> = < |+i
O a_` "o JH_ Q_ H@<_. KHO HÒ O a_
Kz` "_ U^ ^xH "o aH@#O KO@ ~A J_. P =^ JH_^
Q_= =z Kz_x q<#. WH_ #O_ "o# `~"` P`# K =Oz"_Q
=~_@. P`x QiOz `=~ ZO^ J_QK<~? q~ Qx H~Ô "?

D qÔQ JH_ "i J<` H@OAx QiOz O+OK_. JH_ "iH
U^ iK C K JH_ XH =O ~A Q_ _. `# P@qH - K* u O|O^" #
F L=# H~}O G 487
== K` Ok# q< JH_"~ _ H@OAx ~OQ K@O q<_.

J~` P Qk H z`= J\H `$ O^^. JH_ L# J<H J_q ^#
Q~_`<, `# W@ zOuOKQ_.
Qk (`#) : P! <# Z< U#Q# KO, P Ô`=# D Q_ Qz
=\` `_OK#. D U#Q Ô`= WOH KK^~^. WH_ < ~`,
H_` ="" =O =H H u#@O, ~#O K@O J=h
W\ O@#Q< L<! Z<~ < ~` _ "#~=OO ux, H
`y OK~O ~KHx ~O_ "O. =OO ux |e# *_ H# WH_ H>
"O. JC_ < z#`#O WH_ J"i Q_ ^Q~ P_O@ LO_"O. WkQ,
WH_ |O_~~ q^ ~x [O`= ~HO `Q`, @ _O@O_ "O
H^! D =, ^ ^y~ @# @H=\xH = < "O. P! q^` K+
ZO` z`"#q! ~! WC_ H~Ô "o JH_ K=`~ q+_ Kz "#.

W\ J#O@, WH JH_ #O_ H~Ô "tOK_. `# Q==~AQ
OKiOz# JH_ O` K H~# Q~O "t OK_. JH_ [` O+OK_.
Qk : |! WH_ HO`HO HÒ 'H@OA_ J< XH K*u"_ ~[O
U_@ Q^! P q H KO_.
H~ ~" : F `! q~ q#k x[". WH_ =~A O`#O O_ =~}O K@O
K`, WH_ '=OQ J< ~ Q PK~=# J#iOz H@OA_< ~ Q
K_ 'Q=~AJ< ~` Zxq^ ~[O U_. P`_ q^j_x è#
`~"` "O [=O` P`xx `lOKO. JC_`_ xCH ^H }
q_K_. JÔ` [iy W\H XH O=`~O J~Ok.

Qk J<` Q==~A QiOz J<H q+ KiOKQ, J=h `#

[ J#=\H L#\ q+Q è=<~. ''OÔ ^ WH_
Q=~AQ Zxq^ ~[O UeOk << Jx `KK #Q~O OKiOKQ_.
WO` P ~[gk ^~O #O_ U^ HO q#=zOk. [#O HQ "o
x|__. W\ ~A q+= J< J`# P =O "oH Q] q^ `#
x` "@O JO` Q=xOK_.
Uq P~O! Uq K=`~O! <xC_ `\HO xKx, J=~} =OÒ
K^=K, XH ^$OQ Hk xq ~^#O LO_#. P Hk
488
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
xq 70 O=`~ n~#=O O^@"q\? J\=h W\ < D
*Q` WH_ i`Q` OK@"q\? WH_ < `~_#Ô` =
= JmH= (=) J##k `^" H^! D = JO` ZH_ #O_ Z\ =z <
OzO^ <# QOKH`<#.
P! ''=<"= J< = zx XH HQ <# ZO` J#!
Z<x H_#! D < =# J<H "#K H@|_#^, `#H '^
~=# H~ XH z#"_Q #" ~Qf D =#O`
QOz#^!... ZO^ W\ [iyOk?
F! KH^~_Q q+ Q"#_ <Hz# =~O O K\xH < D
=# ~z KOz LO\~. < HC_O` Q~ =Ok. WH <# < P=xH
"o JH_ D = H u Q` QiOz =x~OKH\xH, Z~Q\xH
Ò K#.

Qk W@ x~~OKx, `# x= LO_ yi O` qOx P=O
K~_. WH P ~A #O_ HOKO h=`" KO@ H, UHQ`` q+u
H~ ` ~OaOK_. XH O=`~HO Q_zOk. #=i, =H~_,
O_sH_, Pt`[#=`_ JQ q+Q"#_ XH k#O QkH `H"
^~#qK_. P =x "O@< q ^ |_, "H, J~^^ Wz,
Ke, Ò K P#OîK_.
N=<~}_ : `! =~ Uq Hi < ^~#O H~ ^#O K<=? h=
< '==# KK= H^! h= Hi#> =# K#. =~ Uq q+O?
Qk : Q"<! q J#Q=O K`< H, D q #O`\ h HtO*#
= H ==# OîOK#. JO` J~# `~"` WC_ J<H O^
## OM#OMQ K@=@K<~. ! <# `\HO x|_ J=~}
=OÒ [ Hkxq H, ~^#O =xQ#. JO`! < =# #O^
60 O=`~= n~#=O P Hkxq XH OQ O^#. WO`
^#O *Q$` Ok x*=O K~#.
WO`=~ Q< L#k. J~` WC_H |K=`~"# q+O KK#.
J^q@O> <# U^^` =# OîOK< JÔ` D *Q` U~_ LOk.
=# U^^ O^@"q\?... JÔ` '*Q` U~_ LO_@"q\? < J
Uq J~" H=@O ^. 'H@OA_ J# P@qxQ, H~^x Ue# Q==~AQ
F L=# H~}O G 489
<# QOz#Ô` "# K` < =#< Ok L<# H^? = K` Ok#

n~JHeH J#== Lùq<#=, P Lk ~H H, `k`~=
=#` U~_#" H^! =# U~_#q =#< LO_e. =i, |@
ZO^ "=" Hx<~? J\ |@ (*Q`) HxOK\xH H~}"=~?
O Q `~_# ''P =, P ^= W=h |@ Z=~ `K~?
P =O` Z=~? "iH, <, < =# Uq\ O|OÔ? Z=~ Z=i QiOz
ZO^ ZK@ OQ QOKK<~? P H~^ [#, P@qH K *u
[# <# U~_ L<#.... J^\ X#Q_Ok? W=h q #O_ `H"#
<#. JO^H q O^~#O H~ x+` ^xOK#. q~ [Q^~=. =
P=O_, =# ~z# ~`~ ~. q~QH, < WOH=~ k?
JO^K` <# Kz#Ô` Uq\ q~OQ K=x i<#.
N=<~}_ : =~! h= Kz#n, KKK#n JO` P`H ~".
J~`, ''=# K_e J< h H "<c[= #O_ D [Q^= JO`
U~_, J#="#k. P ^~#O K# =O `` ^$+ H~=_@ K` h z`=
^$=` `^`=# O^@O [~QÒk. D q+O "@"^@ QiOK.
`^` == KO^H"... hH =~=# ^$= ^, H~^ ^$=
^. L= P`~=!
WH, JH_ [#O` Z=~O\"? ...Jx" [O` xO_# ==Ô
XH H~@O =~H H~@=# ``#@, XH ^+ =~H ^+ `~_K<_. XH
K=`~"# . D Z^~Q H#|_ PHO, ~`=, q, k W=h
h ZH_ |@Q L<x J#O@<"? ...H< H^.
XH q`#O ''==$HO, P, HO_=, H, , H=, "....
"\ "\ q+` H~H== JO`s#OQ L<~ H^? J\Q, ^ H =OK`
K_|_K# q+ ~O ~ h z`= < LO_ LO@<~. q` Oz U^ =O
==$H qq^ Qh "=_K#@ ~ J#= = z`= #O_ |_e
H\ `=QK<~. ""xH '^$= J#|_ ==~O JO` =#< L#k
Qx, |@ U<_ ^. q` L#^ |@ ~O kÔ@#@Q<... =#
L#^ Z^~Q îOK|_@O, J#qOK|_@O [~QÒk.
XH =i L<_. P`_ ~H~H=# z`qz` PH~= O_ "^#
"\Q =\x =KK<_. P`_ `# K # PH~=h `# =#< HeyL<_
H^! P qÔQ< ^~# ~<k H, ~H~H# zO`#, `=~=#q+`
490
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
H=, D WOk= `~_K# ~ KO^ #H`k ^~*=
W=h =# LO_, =#K xiOK|_, =#K O^|_K#"! =# "\x
xiOz, =~ =# "\x LOiOk. =# K x~}K=`~=q\
^$OÒQ h KO> '' "i P@, =$^ "i =, [#
"i =^ P"^# J#~Q ~Qk O^~= q+=# O^ q^#O ...Wq
Q=xO> hH JO` èQ^. XH_ `# O U"" ^#, =#
K<_#H... P ^, = P ^+H =~O~x JO`s#
qQ= H^! XH_ U^ Ou L#C_ Z^~Q L# ==# Q=xOK_.
=^=K xO_# =#` XH_ XH O^~ x K#C_ ''Wk ~H=OqH
K `~ H|_# uH ^~" J< q+O iOK^. XH Q K@ H
H, , P H#|_`~Qx, " H#|_#@, `^~"#\ |=
J=Oa# =# #O^ D Hk O@# ~O~h xH" L<~.
XH K@# "` HeOz _=#H... WH P K@ H` P
H= H^! "# #O_ q=_# r=# WH [#H~ LO_=. "# K`<
=# `~ K|_Ok.
J#O` [Q*= Wq_ L# J\ ''"<= O K= #O^ h J#= "#
K*u r=x == H\ `"#k. WO^ P~"=#^? "# u
=#< ~H~H =<=^`#, O~O=`# _# P@qH==h h=
O^=. JO` H^... J\ '"<= OKO H K=`~O K`< ''P @i
~=@O, P`x` lOK@O, O+OK@O, P q qx P~_@O, =#
`H"#H=@O, < H~H ^#O K @O "^# =h _ O^_O [iyOk.
Qk : q! ^$OQ H@OA_ J< `^~}K... U"" =#
îOK@O uHOQ < P=xH =z# Juk - @i` O+}... D ~O_
XHO\" #O\~?
N=<~}_ : J=#. P P@qH[#O U qÔQ = =`" J~ L#^, P
Juk` O+} _ P qÔQ< =#, "# H\ H~}" J~L#k. WOH
q#. ''WC_ z K Q=O, H~^ O " K<#... WH_ D [#` O+OK
K<#... = # Qi < #... P O @#` iKKK<#... "^# =h
_ =x JO`s#Q" =! ''Wk H@OAx ~`# Q$O... Jx JH_
"~ K@O, ''B#... W=h <# XHC_ Ok#" Jx ÒHOK@O _
= K`< [~QÒk. ''WkQ... WC_ H~#Q~O =K#... g~ Q==~A
F L=# H~}O G 491
J#|_# < QiOK KCK<~... <# qO@<#... ZO` P~O... g

< WO`~O è#"~ Jx h= q#Ô` =# H qH~=
Qx, =iOHq H^. F =h! Wx =@O^? h= ^xx 'Wk x[" Jx J#O@
<" WÔ` =# H H# Jx, "= H J#u Jx QOK.
D =# "#` _Hx L#C_ Wk `# JO`~=# Uk îOKx
J#HO> J^x< îOKQ^. ==Q J^"# q+ _ XH_ `#
O î<_ H^!
H#H Qn! =<"" [Q` c[O. P P@q, P H~^j, "i
PK~ #=H=, "i t` |^, P ~[^x, JH_ [# ^`Q=...
g\#x\h h= "= K`< O^=. r=_ "= K`< D s~=#, 'g\
=# g\ ^~ U~_ O|O^ O^==# O^K<_.
NQk : ~O ^=! WC_ <# Ok# H~~ *k J#= = uH=? =#H= !
P J#== ## Z qOK~?
N=<~}_ : n~}O K# XH @iQ D h =~=# s~x
P~Oz L<=. `^<^K _ L# h= x[ "#K P 'J#== J#
K\H "=. XH J^=x ^$= =~H JÔ uaOaOz#@ =~H ^+`=
hH ^+`= uaOaOzOk. ...Hh J=h `"#" H=.
O U^ PHHOQ K P ^+ `#_`_ KK"? P suQ
h= P@qH`=, ~KiH`= "^#=h O^=. hOê ^+` JO`~OQ
"# x# JO^ iH~. Uk U"< "\ U XH\ h= H=. h= Kz#
H~ #Q~O =. XH z"x = =##O^ JO` O^K <Q "
iqOz =K=.
H|\, WH! z, O`_" LO_. x*= ^~ =# Lz`" # \ ^ #=
Jy `= "^# H~=# ^suQ PKiOK. ZO^HO> WHO
H~## =#A =# O^*~.

~~_Q <~}_ W@ L^tOz, z~"=` H}O JO`~#"<~.

492
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
4. *#
q+Q"#_ JO`~#"# `~"` Qk `# Hey# '"#= QiOz
=~ q+OK@O ~OaOK_.
Qk (`#) : W^q\? ''JO` "= K`< QOz<= Jx <~}_ "M
x<_? J Juk, D =O_= W=h L<? "?

P`_ =iHx z# ^ O^ O^_ Qx, O= `Q< ^.
WOH P`H`~O O^< ^. WH JH_ #O_ z PHOx "OQ J@
W@ OKiOKQ_. =~ XHi P@qH Q=O, H~Ô "o uiy x*="#
yi O`xH =K_. P=O Ki# ~A #O_ =~ q+Q"#x P~kOKQ_.
Ju HO [<~# _ =~ ` H" < ~. Z=iH P q+^ = _ XHi ^~ #q~,
J\"iH P`_ |O^= J=`_. q z~#=` Qkx qOz P`x H< Ki
~<~.
N=<~}_ : Uq@? =~ < ^~#O H~<=? =m U"Ok?
Qk : q! QÒ! q =#HeyOz #O^ HqOKO_. UO K=O\~
=i? D = H K=`~O ## JÒ` P~~Ok.
N=<~}! q ^~#"# `~"` <# H~Ô `k`~ q`
^= XH P~ < @ uiy =K#. HÒi "o#\ =K~O
Di =K~O Uq Ô ^. ! ''=O_ ^=O` = K`<
KK= Jx q~ J<~ H^? ==O K` <# QOz#k ''=~HK@ =~H
=O Z@ U~_ L< < ^ _@^.
WH ~O_= . <# Kz# = < O|OkOz#k =`" H^! =i
HO^~ [# _ <# Kz# = Q= W\H uH OKO
H#Q` L<~? P P@qx =$Ò`=O` D WOk= a LO_@O
[~QÒ^? q~ < ''Wk = Jx K~. ~, Q< L#k. =K
JO`~OQ=# K_|_#q [Q`xH Z ''W`~ r= Ò` ~Q L<
<# QOKH`<#. 1. Jk =, 2. JH_ [# ~~ ...D
~ O_ q+ =# =Q@^ . Q JH_ JO` Kz# `~ "` < "=
=iO` JkH"#k.
J~`, ` ~Q q<\"O @ 'J^~O J~#^n ~^x <# ZQ^#.
=` =K#= "=# `yQx, =$kK=. J~` < è~x
F L=# H~}O G 493
J*#O ~Hx L#k. q H$K` =`" Jk `QQ^. JO^H q =O^

=~ q<#.
H~~[O "^#=h JH_ U~_ LO_Q, ''JÔ` = #! Jx
KCK<~. ZO^K`?
N=<~}_ : F! J^? P q+O HO` KKQ K L<#. =iHO`
q=~OQ K`# q#.
H~^" - `=O_=# L# H~^ " JOî z`= #O^ _
h z`=#O^ Q< H@OAx P@qH =$ÒÒ JO` HH`m<=K u
OK@O [~QÒk. J~` ... XH =H #O^, ^ XH ==#O^... U^`
q^~OQ uO^ J\ u "Ô@ `Q =~ J\Q u O k.
*#O "eqi#C_ JÔ` =@==Òk.

P P@qHK HH~}Q=O XH<H K*u"_ XH Q_ xiOK

<_. JH_H WC_ "o# h=, ''D Q_ <# xiOK#^ Jx J#O@<=.
''D Q_ H@OAxk Jx JH_"~ `KK<~. XH `\K@ Hx H
"e#C_ ^~OQ L# U^ == P K@ #O_ ''u< == Q P Hx\H
JxOK=K. "@x\x PHe, ^ H O~O K` Jk J\ JxOk. JO`=Ò
K` P K_|_k P~^~" J==# x ^.
J< XH K@ Ki H qOK~#H... "~OîH i~h è_K#@
HxOK=K QH. JO` =ÒK` JH_=h ZO^< è_K#\? J> XHHi
J< D =` [Q`# XH Ou` QOKK<~. XH_ ''h= < Ò_q
J# Oux O^KO>, ''J=#, h= < "# =~_q Jx =~H~ QOK
K<~. JO`=Ò K` Ò_-H_ O|OÔ Ou H qQ=, `
^? L#k. Q_ "z# OÒ J<H qq#@, D r= XH q^"#
Ou q+O #K<~. XH P@ J<H= Ok ~ H_O KK<~ KK"?
XH Ô J<H=Ok x He ''g~ =# `=... "=O` D Ô
"O - Jx `KK =kOK@O, |OkOK@O, [~OK@O, i=@O, F_=@O
=HOQ O^` LO\~! F Qn! D O~ r=O` P qÔQ ~~O
#=O =O\k O^K<~. XH H^$+` =~H HQ=<x JOQ<,
JkHOQ< qOK@O_ =x qQ". JYO_ ~=`~=Q 'H=
J#|_#k P` O^ u Hey#k. J~#\H H= ^xH u|O^H=
494
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
H^, L`^H= H^... H~_Q Q=O`xH ~=O@ Un < ^.
P`_ JYO__. P`x< ''[#, H~ ~ `=Q |= Jx _ ^ KC K<~.
Qk : H= H ~= D O=`~, Q H= H^!
N=<~}_ : x[". J~` H= ~ KO^ Q=#=K He`"#^. XH
=~ ` = JOwHiOz# `~ "` H= O^|_K#k. L``~ =Q H=K`
`k`~ ~ ^~= iHe`=QK<~.

''Ou z`Q r= XH q^"# u (H) =K XH q^"# O==
O^` LO\~ J##k WH_ ÔÒ. D Ô`=# J#iOK H~^ "
''P@q_ ~[Q@ J#^xx QOz<~. h=_ P suQ< JÔ` O^=.
JO^H JÔ` '= Jx K#.
~! J~#^" J~Ok. WC_ z`<~= h= OkOKe. =##
JkQqOz |kK P`qK~} K~. JO^ h P="xH O|OkOz#
`^#=# x~i LO_. =i WH < "?

W@ eH q+ Q"#_ JO`~#"<~. Qk =Ò "=` _#
=<"k #O_ |@ ~H_. WOH JkH"# |kH"_ U""
J#=<` `=`==Q_. Hk~A Q_z# `~"` =~ q+ Q"#x
P~kOK@O ~OaOK_. =~ q+^ = _ P`x O^ ` H" < ~. P`_ }=O
K, =<"H=K lOz =~ W@ HQ_.
Qk : ^"k^"! q~ 'JÔ` "" Jx K"~, Q< LOk. Hh, P P@qH
rqÒ, K=, @H "^# J<H J#~=` _# P OiH ==~=O`
`KO>< W\H ZO` O "Ok. < z`= q^=` q"`=Òk.
WC_ D "|k èQk Z\? Q"<! H _! <x "O x=$u
K=x K, q~ "o` K^. x=$u J =~ q~ WH_ LO_O_. ##
U^< q` H~H== #O^ xqOKO_. ## H_O_.
N=<~}_ : (HH#=K) O~~x P_O|~OQ D [QÒ` =
="#^! J\ P~H~"# 'H# JO` P``` q~} K`< L^qOzOk. P@qH
Q=O, P H~^ ~[iHO, `k`~ =$Ò`= J*#=OK` `H O=".
O =O^Q J#Hx U"" q+, ZC_ Kx~# = ^+
`== J#==QK<~ H^?
F L=# H~}O G 495
` =O_=x H~^" _ hQ< =# O^K<~. h=

"i ^y~ ~ O+Oz#C_ "~ `= =< =eOzK~. Jq qx h=
h =K ''W\ Z\ J~#k? Jx "^# O^K<=. h +` H~ h
J#==x =iHx q KC`#. Wq qO> h zO` `Q`~.

H@OA_ J# XH<H r=_ WC_ hK QOK|_# s~=, Q==, Q$=

Hey ~= ` =O_=# (In the zone of matter) [xOz L<_. P`_ J^
qÔQ `# @O|# Q@x P `~"` H~ ~*xH = J~<_.
P `~"` [# `# [#~O è@K Jy "O K_.
h= `\HO "tOz J=~} =OÒ [ LO_Q, < OH=O K`
P H@OAx (P@qx) =$Ò`= (H) J#==O` h JO`H~}O HtOzOk.
J\ Ht# ^x#O` O^`, ''<# H@OA_# Jx h= JOê J#=
~O~h O^=.
D z`= |=K`~"#k. Jk XHC_ `# Kz#k q#k H}O
`lOk. =~HC_, n~ HO Hey LO@Ok. K<, K_O_ LO_Òk.
J U =Ò Z#_ K_xq O^` Òk. XH_ O#, =<~[O#,
x` == #O^ ~H~H# J<H ^$==~=# QOK@O ` H^!
P qÔQ< *Q` _ =Q =# gHOKQ^.
WO^ ^$O` J<HO KCH=K. uHA_# XH y ^$+ O^
q+` H= #Oê == `H= = èK#k H^! J\Q Q_z
~# H@OAx Ki` =~=# H"# h |kO^ < OH=K HxO*@O
[iyOk. J~` WH_H zÒ! J\ P J#" x=Q"#k h"Qx, J@
x=Q==\xH <# KOk Uq ^. <#, h =<^~}O Hx J#=
~O~# uaOaO *#. JO`!
''D s~^ <#... D O@O|=, W, "He <q... g~ < "~... Wk
< T~... Wq < Q`= J##\ J<H =O^ J*x x=Q_QK<_.
"\x =`~"#qQ QOKK `^`= KO^K<_. Hh *x J" O@##
O^K#\H, QOKK#\H, "\O^ U=Ò x=Q_ JQ@^. Z=_`
''== P` J# ~-" =## Hey LO\_ P`_ "\O^ U
=Ò x=Q_ H_. JO^K`, P`_ D ^~qQ=K HQ J#~==#
J`_ OÔ_< LO\_. iz# ^~=O^ HQKO_ JO=#
496
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
|O^H ~}=QK#k. JO` qOz D r=# "~ Q |O^" H_k? D r=_ "" xH
J=$``=Q ^ K`#~" H^! ZO_ ~H |] h\ _< h\
=#Q^ KK"? ``q"H J~#\ *x =, Y ^M =#Q_.
h= WO` =O^ "<*Q_=, qK`_= (one who adopted ignorance
and illusion) J=. JO^K`< h JO`~OQ= #O^ P H@OAx =$Ò`=O`
^+|kK _q#k. J#Q 'J*#= J< =<"k hO^ =iOK@O [iyOk.

J*#= `QH =@ K` WOH h P`~=# h= îOK@^ . =~O _ Ò>
Ò K WO\H ~Q f"_ [_"# #O_ ÒKHQ_. x|_ =~O
_ K> LO_"_ `_=H UOK_? ~*#= H=@ K` h= z`=#
`yOKH H=. JO^K`< h zÒ U^k O^ J^x Oê
Ja=# H~}OQ "O@< ^xH =j`_=QK<=.
= <Q" qiOz L#k. J\ D = H <a#= (It's Root)
z`= #O^ L#k. J\ z`= H =## Z^~x ~_e. =## P`
O^ ~O *, ^xx ~Ò Ke. J\ "ix =KHO WH Uq K^,
U=Ò kOK^. H#H F Qn! hqH =. =<x~^H=Q `# WH_ k
O=`~ PKiOK. JO`Qx x+"# "^#, Ja+` HO =$^ KH.
x~$Ô OkOK"... J#O` - JYO_ *#O O^Q=.
W@ eH q+Q"#_ JO`~#"<_.

Q"#_ K#Ô` P Qk =~ =~ qK~} K_. W`~ H@OAx

=~O~# ijeOz qK~} K_. =^~#~"#\ qz`"# ^=Qu
[Q`Qux q+Oz KK_. q"H "~Q= O^_. ''J! < z`= #O^
uaOaOz# Hx H q+= # <# K # @ qOz q OK# H^! ..."" xH
~" <# q*#~_<! Jx QOK_. z` x~^= H~, *#H x
OkOK\xH P`_ |+=H~ÒH "_. q+Q"#_ P*Oz#@
JH_ ^ ` K_. H=OQ , H^=# qiOz ~=iH `#
J=îOK_. r=#H~_<_.
|#O^x=Q_, i~z`_, ~ KO^x = J#O` |H= #O^
qiOKQ_.

F L=# H~}O G 497
5. qK~} H P=H` (The need of Analysing)

N=+=i : KK" ~#O^<? D qÔQ '= Juq=, JzO`=,
= "==, OH~= _ J~ L#k. Jk ~=`# P~OKHx
L#k. H` 4,5 xq ~^#O ZH_? '60 O=`~ P@qH r=x J#=O
ZH_? J`"#^k? OkQ~`"# `"k? JO^H D '= ="Hi Jx
K|`~. J=^#z`x Jk H}O OH@=O^ _"Q^.
N~=_ : J=# q! q~#@ = JuK=`~"#^! "QOQ u~QK,
~OQ# KkOK Q D =# qAQ"~ Z\ x~kOKQQK<~ KO_.
N=+ =i : <<! D O~~ =KHO #" qiOz#k.
W\ O~ KH= H W~ (Inner - wheel) D =##x QOK. ~+Ò
K`, n~|k K` D =# (H) z`=# x~kOK=... = H KH=}O
_ ^#O`@ J^ PyÒk. P_< `_` K@|_# KHO H =}O
P `_# @O> PyÒk H^? D =## x~kOKe. WH "O LO_^.
F ~=! h= KHÔ _" H^! D =KHO x~kOK\xH
ZO^ uOK_^? <a#O @O>, KHO PyÒk. HH P KHO H
`k`~ Q=# @H=... KuH QO HQ^. D =## x~kOKe.
WH "= LO_^.
D =# '[#[~=~}= J< O~K HO W~Q LO\Ok. =##
=#`< x~kOKe. LîOKe, i=}= #O_ D =## =oOK. P`
`# ~=Q HeyO_ _ D r=_ ZO^ ^Y= O^K<_?
ZO^H q#- D r=_ `# ^$u H~H K L=# JOkK
O@<_. =i z`= QiOK? ...z`=# x~kOK Q L= P~OKH
=@ K`< J<H ^Y~O~# XH\ `~"` =~H\ Q O^` `<_.
z`= x~kOK|_`, WH H$u==Q n#`h `y~#>. D O~ =~QO
LqOKO> 'z`x~^= ` "~ B+Ô < ^. =i, `^#f~
HÔ\"... J=h z`x~^= H~H L<~.
JO^Hx, '~="#\ z`=# =~KH#@ J#^x QiOz zOK.
P x =ê z# P@ Q U"" H~H= = UO [#O? O_ H
PHO O_< L#@Q, z`= #O^ D O~=O` L#^x ^ ^ H\ < #.
O_ye` '\HO (Space belonging to the pot) J<k LO@O^? ZH_O@Ok?
498
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
z`= #tOzO^ O~= _ #tOk. h= 'z`= J< O_# 'P` ``
*#= J< LH~}=K QQ\ |H= "tOK.
N~=_ : Jz``^ Z O^@O?
N=+=i : JO^ ~O_ L# K`#.
1. =~=#O OK q+=# |k` =`" qOK@O.
2. ` q+` QiOz J#O^#" KH=@O.
D ~ O_ L# J#iOK. JC_ z`= Jz`` ^# ` H O^Q ^.
q+` - q+` QiOz OH=#, O|O^=#, ^~==#
H=OQ `l =K"... JC_ ~==#=Q z`~ùx `H O^Q=.
z`= JO> OH=!
OH= L#O`=~ OHq` (Effects of Perceptions) LO_
LO\~. Jq LO> z`= H#QK< LO@Ok. OH= HO_ z`=#
"~ ~"H_k? H#H ~=! h= h JO`~OQ=#O^ ~OH= `lOz"~.
P` z`~`" LO>, ''P` `# @ ~=# L#k Jx JO\O. JC_ D
O~=# =`"# ''H=, H~, "# =*#O` \OK=
`~. Wk =^ =OÒ.
`H K`#= - z`~`=Q P`# ''`H K`#= Jx JO@ LO\~.
=`=, =<~`= J~# PÒ^ H<~"# =e#" LO_^.
P` H =`~ u Uq\ Q Jk ""xH z`= #\ ~=~ u
J=Òk. =#Oî ~=Q P` `Q x~u#O^ ~=, ~=`
==, ~*=, =H^$+== J~ L#k.
P #O_ ^YO - #O H L#@ ZH_ ^ PH LO>, JH_
P LO\~. ZH_ P LO> JH_H Y, ^Y=h =z K~`~. P #O_
qQ` O~=O` i_qÒk. ~` H 'U= K`< `
~H"# ''^ qOz =$^=Òk. =``"q\ QOz# *# =#
#O^ 'P J<" LO_=. WÔ` q^#x "iH `.
N~=_ : ^~=x q^`= r=_ QOKk Z\?
N=+ =i : [# OQ` = OK` '=<x~Ô x~O`~O J
~Q, JC_ D ==Oê J=``"q\ Z~Q|_` LO@Ok. JO^K`, F
a~! ^$_ `=K, xt=K, ÒQ`^K H=OQ D
z`=x Jq"H=# `yOKO_. |=OÒQ J~< ~, P =## P`
F L=# H~}O G 499
O^ "@O_. =# =`< fQO. =[=# =[=`< #@QO.

~=` ^~#=# P`*#" =Y H~}=QK#k.
N~=_ : =s! P`*#=# =YH~}=QK#^k? =~Hi KO_.
N=+= i : # `=Q Y ^Y=# P` `lOK@ WKy OKK#k
H^! H#H P`*#=# P` =YH~}O. JO^K`< , ''|^_ < L# <# Lî OK
|_k Z\? Jx `K"xH =`" =, Q~= =~= KQQ`~.
=<~Ò - F ~=KO^! h= =\_K#C_, WKK#C_, KH#
K#C_, H# =#C_, `~z#C_, Jx == =<~`_"
LO_. H, P`==# =`" =##O K LO_. H=O K`#=# =`"
~}O K LO_. x~O`~O P`zO`#K P`H x~Ò J#=O HQ^.
<<! h= [x#C_, rq#C_, =~}#C_, `k`~ =~
^~ O^, x+_"#C_, H``~_"#C_, Jx " ''<# ^=Q
P` ` H^ J##\ H = K` < O=#O^ ~ _" LO_. ''<k, < KOk#k,
< ^=, < O|OkOz#"~ J# ~= Q ~"# `lOK. ~^
`^H x+` K`# =` ``~_=Q=. =~=#O, `H K#, ~=
"~Hk ^, ~[`k `, Ô L#C_, #C_ Jx " K`#
=`= #O^ UHH 'x+ Hey LO_. J^x< qOK, J#O^#O K~. =k
``~_=Q=.
~H, ~= O^ ''<# P` ~=Q K`#=#. Jk XH ~Q
#O_ |^=x =~ _ J# ZH# =^< =^. , =#, "~H
#, *Q`, , +# H= K`#=< P~OK. J^x O^ h x+
JO` u+OK|_ QH! ' q+ J< =e#O hK `lOK|_ QH!
=## P` O^ q"#~K, P=# `~`~Q qK^#
"#~KO_=. JC_ H=O q*# ~= #O^ O`_=Q@ hHq
H+=O_^.
O|O^" ^.... hO^ , J=, W+ J~+=, P x~
qOK QH! ur=_ `# H~O@# L`=Ou, P#O^=# P` K`#=#
P~Oz#C_ O^Q _. H~ H~ $H~} `_" L#\H, h= =Ò "@x\
HO> "~# "_" LO_=. q*#= |k Hey LO_.
D WOk=, WOkq+= x# $tOK#\ H~=# =OK.
XH JÔ uaOaOK ==~OQ D ~^$==~=# QOKKO_=.
500
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
J^=# JO^ uaOaOK ^$=# O|O^" LO_^ H^! P JÔ 'Wq <
== J< ==H~O U"< Hey LO@O^?
h _ (^~}= ^~}O`~` uaOa` == =) D O~=`
U=Ò O|O^" ^. LO_=# x ^. H~=# ~ ==~=
QOK KO_=. 'xiH= x~O|= J~#\ H= x[~= (one's own
absolute form) JQ z<`= #O^ ~u Hey LO_.

F ~g~! h= D *Q`+ O|OkOz#"_" H=. J\Q,
$+u= _ h =. JO^K` =H~=# g@x\H P= L#
~|" h" LO_.
h= ~ ^$=# H=O HtO*"_=. Qk n=K HtOK|_
== n= H H=# O|O^"=#k? hK HtO*|_K#
J#Q QOK|_K# =*=#, h O|O^= ^. J\ |k =$`
P= LO@, ''|k =$`# _ HtOKK# z<`=< <# Jx QOz,
JK@ ~_" LO_.
x[K`#O - '~ ^# `lOz"~. D [Q` L<, < h= =Ò
'qQ ~`"# =[OO Q P`# P~Oz ~OQ LO_. OH ==
J~#\ HH q+ =^ LO_= =#C_ 'n~` îH " Hey
LO_, J^ =O '^~^~ ~` u x Ok LO_.

F ~r=K<! ~OQ"! Z=_` *#=`= H~= JQ `# P`
`` =# J#`"#~O\_ J\"xH q+O _ J=$``"
J=Òk. D r= J< 'x~= x~=== JQ `=H ^K ` # =#
qiOK@O K`< J*#O L^~Ok. J*#O K` O~=# O|OkOz#
="= @HOk. JÔ` ~ J#~=# Lù KOk.
H#H x~=Q x[K`#=# [ P~k =##O K ~Q, D O~
= H~}=QK# ="O ^#O`@ J^ `yÒk. WO^ OÔK
=# <q ^.
P *#O - Z=_` ~=# J=îOz 'P J< ==^x
^\" _, JC_ *#~x H~}
P`_ #K@ #" i ~. *#=#
K@ P LO_^. P L#K@ *#= OO^^.
F L=# H~}O G 501
`==# J=H, J^ ` |#O^=# O`_# =#A# qHe

~zH~"# J=$Ò _ ZH_|_` JH_ LO_ h~Q QKiOk. `Q`
=O Ok# J\ r=#` =#=Q "= ZC_ "u Hey LO\O.
WH D q+ O Z~Qx =#A q+ =O\"... = ^$+ "~ =#*H~O
LO_ [O`r= =O\"~. '*#O H~}OQ '~f`-~ ~ u - ~#`
u x Ok# `` *x =^ `k`~ *<~, Q *#O H~H qO\~.
`À_ - 'k=*# <``_ JQ ``"` Uk Z@ î<_ Jk
`` A Hx "iK WO`=~ îOK|_@^. WH =O^ îO|_*^. D
~HO O O_< "~ JO`s# `x +OQ K<~.
U r=_< ~ , *# =O K`< ~#` u x Ok LO@<_. q@=Ô
n "Q XH J=" H^! |q^K P`# Zy# "xH ~, WO^k P
= H=h J== J=`~. F ~=! =`[ H"i #, Q
=t`k ^ Ok# "i#, |=O`#, P~~= H"i #,
Q q^`, =H $`= H"i # g~Oî `` *#= L#"_ JÒ`
L#`_ "K<_.
P`*x B#Ò - ~" ~x x[~O P`. P`~_Q ~" ~x HO
K`< D ~, KO^, Jy, =}, `~ Ht<~. *Q *` (èH#
^xx è# "~Q) `` A =O K`< D [Q` P#O^gzH
q<~.
P`*# ~`Q =#= < ~Q HO>, H@H= HO>, [O`=
HO> Jk q H^. ZO^HO>, XH_ PÀ_ J=#O` =~ '"= J< KO
q[$Oa< LO@Ok. `` "` ^$+ PÀ_ =`" K`#_. J`_ =`"
Ò`x J#q < _. PÀ_ Hx"_ ^xH Ò`_ H^. JO^K` JK`# _.
P`_ ^Y= H~H J<H P, L^Q=, ``~= Hey LO@<_.
J*x ~^ =$`_. PÀ_ r=_.
P`#= =O - PHO ^@OQ "= J=#C_ <Q
" H= #yÒk H^!... D z`= ^~=# ~QH=Q
q L#C_ =QK#k. J\ =O P`*#O #O z`y OKK#k.
J~` *x `# =#Oz H=OQ q+QOê Ja+# `y LO\_.
Oz# "\ @ = Qx, OKx "\ @ P Qx P`xH LO_^. `#
=## ZO_\ = H$tO*_. ~H, ~= O^# 'P`*#=
502
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
J< J=$`=# q O`$Q , OÒQ LO\_. P`xH D [#, [~, =$`=
Qh, "@ =^ O\`= P ==~= Qh XH YxH~=. P`_
J<` O^ P`== Hey LO__. u J#==# P`==K hÒ K
== O#_ LO\_.
J<`=O - F ~=KO^! `Q H;" J~# D z`= K=`~OQ
Ò O^Òk. D ^= @ PK`#, `, ^~, ^<k q+ U~_
==H~= K`# z`= _Òk. JÔ` Ou K`<. JOH~= H
qH~" ==H~Ou! ^$= #O^ U~_K# Ou ~H"# PH 'D s~"
<# J# XH<H J*#=$ux =$k KOk. =~"# ^~=# WKyOK@ K`,
^+== K`, [~=~}= @ Q ^~=Q# K` |k J<~Q=QK#k.
'' =*O ~=}"#k J< qH=O K`, ''Wq ~OQ LO_Q= J<
`KqO K` D r=_ `[Q ==~=h qOz =s Hi<_.
eÒ? P`x P z`=_" s~H =#H =^ ~=# qiOk. WH P
L#` H ==~, JO` x ^M, J<H [# ~O ~ =z ~O@<~.
F~! r=_! h= JqK~} K`< `K=# ^#, =}, ($OQ~O) =O\
q+ Q"#@ qOz `K"# O _K<=. h =#
=QK#k. JO^K`< P`^ `y#O`Q QOKH`<=.
H#H, ^$= @ U~_ P# `lOK. Jk#"# ~=Q P`
H q~`#, #`#, H H`=# QOK. P#OkOK. JO`Qx, Lù
q<# =`# D ^~= hHO L`= ==# K~~ KC?
J=h h z=iH q+ "+=`=# `z _K<~. OH~=# q+
Q=# q O_ " DQ Q `KÒ Hx`KO> Z\? xt`
fH ^$+x =ê, Ò Ok UO [#O?
JO^K` D zÒ qH=O`=Q K`<x P~Oz ÒÒ O^ QH!

F ~=KO^! z`= J< =$HO s~= J< Ô <Hx LO\Ok. J<H

zO` D z`=$H=# ~"HOz L<~. P =$HO #Oz '@@O ~Q@O
K=@O J< x~O`~O H<~. Jk 'P J< _"\ H=`, qH=
(Misconceptions) J< P` qiOz L#k. J\ z`=$H= QiOz ``~O K@O
LzÒ H^. WH U=Ò OHOKO_ 'P` qK~} J< O=` P =$H=#

"Ô@ "` #iH, HeOz "e.
F L=# H~}O G 503
=#, H;|k - D =# J<H J#=< `=. Wk ~^ |~YO

JQ@H L`H` KÒk. Zx J#== O^`<, ZO`HO Q_z`<
_ Wk JO`~YO J=@" ^. J~! U=Ò qOu O^\xH uOK^?
^+=#, J# P~O^ Qh, '=, ^=, uuH "^# L`= LH~}
T Z`Ô? Jx " H^=#, Y, ^M# =Ò O^Òk. `# qOu
#"^ `< QOKHÒk. W\ =# J< U#Q# 'Ju H; |k J<
OO H Q LyOz x~kOKe.
F =#! WH h= qOK. P`*# q"HO HQ#O` h Ò.

F ~"! z`= J< KO `# g#O` =~ `$+ (Passion)<
qO^! 'J*#O J< =@=$HO HO^ qqOk. xÒ 'J#O`H\ [#
J< =~}O OKiOk. J*#x KOK" ^x ~O. Uq ^x q<O!
Uq ^x Z`Q_! J\ z`=# q"H "~Q=` x~kOKe. ` Q$O
#O_ ^xx "_Q@#O` =~ P` '=H J#=@ H.
D =## XH q+~O` ^ LO\~. nxH ''J H~
J< ~O_ H~<~. Wk '^= J< |=# Hey LO_, qOu O_
}"=# HOk. '= J< =$`=# `z_Òk. J\ D =<
q+~x 'J, "~Q= J< Q~_ =O`=K xiOKe. H`, Wk J<H
^~ ==# H J=OQ~O` kh OKi< LO@Ok.
'J==#=, H=, = J< ^~ #=# HQ*O@ W@ aQ~Q
~k< LO@Ok.

D =# XH Hu =O\k. Wk [# ==#, "i` O|O^=#
QOKK, z\ # ^x= QOÒk. nxx <Q " #O_ |OkOKe.
H` P`k OK^.
J== - <<! ~=! h= J==# P~Oz "##, OH=#,
`k`~ ~ H## |k~HOQ x~kOK^= QH! `^~ r=#H =#
i~=Q O^^= QH!
JOH=K H$` ^+ $` Lq+=# i`lOK. D [# *u
^=x\h =# ~Ò K~. OH~ÒQ ~=#O^ ^`ÔQ
qi LO_.

504
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
D =# H= J P L^Q= "^# ~O` P ~ |=#
H LOKÒk. `$+ J< <~ `~z 'q+= J< =O =H# #=#@
KOk. "H= q+O x^ P=# HQ*Ok.
W\ =# @ h= ^ K=^. x~Q nxx xqOz h H "~Q
=`=# =# = HQK# q`=#, J_# `yOKH!
JC_ h= ~#O^~_= HQ=. ^ z`=K =e# z`=# ~=Q
qO* JYO_ =#_= H=.
`` *#O K` =## =e#~Ò K `Q` O^ xqOK.
WH P D H; H~} s~`=Q = [Q`# J<^~O`
`$}OQ K_. H=OQ D O~= #O_ ìOK. = Jq~ÔQ
"QK LO_. H= O HQ* ^$+` b~HOQ D OK=#
==iOK^= QH!

F L=# H~}O G 505
VII. L^x JO`~OQ<+}

1. z`=$`
N=+=i : F ~=KO^! D z`=$`# Q=x<"? Wq W ~H=
@ Q PHK Jun~" LO@<~. Jq `= O^ J<H "# Hey LO_
HO\H (H) H#|_O_<, H;" =i<~. Wq H}H}O r=x =k #O_
x=iO*<~. XH" D z`=$`# P` H `` =# HiOK@ O^
xqOKQeQ=, JC_H x~`=# H\ OKQ=. ^<# Hu H JOK
=O\ D z`= $` QiOz, U=Ò, 'h J< ``~O _^ . KH \ D =#=[#
Ok# `~"` WH x^#O xH~^. =}=, =##= "^# LK D
|k ~=` Q=@ Ke. q"HO O` =$`# x~k
H=OQ 'JYO_=, J" =, x`=, x~= JQ P`== ` O OOkO
KH"e. nO L#C_ W KH@H"e H^! D s~= +, n Hey L#C_
Q~ +, q#@O, zOK@O, L= #= =O\ L`= `=# HiOKe.
^kx KHQ Oz, i+OKH"e. J\ HO_, s~O =$Ô "tOz#
`~"` JC_H D r=_ UqKQ_ <Hq J~O H=@O^.
< "Hx JO`~~O KH Q Q OK Qey#\ F ~ "! <# KC "H~= #
=# K@K D r=_ Ò_ L`= Y=# O^Q_. 'L^_ J#
=i U qÔQ J~` ~^~=# ik H=OQ OK H=#,
"\ H~}= O^ ~O * Jk#=Q <`= H~H J<+} yOK_
h= _ J\Q n~| kK JO`H~} =# =\ =\H kOK. P` H~H JO`~O Q=
#O^ J<+} H#yOK. JC_ JO` hH qk`=Òk.
N~=_ : ==H! <# L^H =i QiOz qx L<#. Hh, P#
''JO`~OQ ^# J<+} QiOz qx LO_^. P =#=x H^#"q\
q=iOKO_.
N=+=i : OK`= i^#K L^H ==x U qÔQ ~=*#
^$+x O^~ JÔ` q=iOz K`# q#.

506
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
2. `= O~}
QO^=^# ~Ò Q XH =#Ô XH `\HO L#k. P `\HO H<
Q XH HO_tY~O 'L^_ J< ~Q XH =x_ LO_"_. P "_H
<# < ~+ÒK Ò_ =z`"# L`= ~~O kOKQ#
J< HO_O` P`qO LO_k.
"@"^@ P`_ `# q#, Kkq# q+ ~=# ijeOKQ_.
Hh ZO` uOz< P`x |k `# HO#=# =^< ^. ''WH W\ H^.
<# =#=O^Q ^"# JO`H~}O OkOKe. P `~"` qQ` q+
Jx J#<_. WH ^Q `, J^#= "^# f=`=` HO`
HO Q__. H=OQ P`xO^ q"H= "tOzOk. XHi D O~ #
=O` Q=xOz# `~"` P`xH ZO` =xOzOk.
XH ~A XH Ô UHOÒQ P#_ ^ z`=` W@ zOKQ_.

L^_ (`#) : ^x O^` qOu Ok# `~"` WH =#A_ =~

^dOK_, [#` O|O^" LO_^ J\ == Uk? =# x K@ ^x`#
O|OÔ LO_^ H^! =<"~=O@ LO_#\ q`"# L`= ^= #O^
<# qqOK^# QH! J~` Jk Z Ô? Jk ^_O>, ''U^ Oê
J< Q`$+# [~Oz"e. ''D x, `~"` P x, Wq Oê, WO^ U^
Ke ...J<Ô` H#` _#^. P` ^=#O^ qOu fO@ J\
HeH ==~= Kz Z\H HH #=O\<! H= +Ô h\
aO^= LO_=K QH.
H^ qH*O " # y+u K` I
`=l`VO ^^ ^ II ( 21, ~ 51)
H=O P h\ aO^=# HiOK^ H^! P qÔQ J=`"# D ^$
qH= ## Z\H $tOKO_ LO\! L`=|k` Ju H"# `$+#
Z\H JkQq<? D H=x } O~ H# " P_O@#
P@ Q Z#\H K<? < z`= W\H=Ò H}H}O KOK" LO\Ok.
qH= Hey L#^, TQ KOKÒ =Ok. XH z\ #"x =
=` _x LO_ < =# Z#\H qO^?

F L=# H~}O G 507
F < JO`H~}=! h= Z\H P`~=# O^`=? Z\H D

`K ^$ OK=# Kz ZQò KQ=? ~|kx Ok U<\H |O_
s~î JQ q~@~+x = ~x, O`+x O^`" H è*"? <#
JO`H~}= #O^ '=~= Hey L#"_< ~=`` SH="e. O`
==Q ~_# H"e. J=$`=, H=} "^#"\ O^, ^~-
J~-H= q+= O^ x $_# H"e. "k P` xO_ L# D JuKOK
^$ # x^`#"x = Oê, Jk Z\ Ô? H#h q, J\
< |k =`" D JO`~ [Q`# ''z<`=OQ gHOKQ^. J\
gH} O^ ~_< LO_e. Wk W\ < H~H=O.
z`= OuOK QH! Q_"xH K =z#@Q <# 'z^H~= J#|_
~= H=# Oê. J =OK J\ L`= H= =$^=QKO_Q
H Hh ^~OQ `lOz "|_e!
W+OJ~+O, OLÔ (something to get rid of - something to get)
`y < JO`H~}= Ô H"e. H^= #O^ `_< P#O^=#
kOKe.
^~ - Hh, W\ < u JO^ J#OQ ^? D =~= # J*<O^H ~
H~u ^~`, Jq^`, [_Ò`, J<H ^` xO_ L#k. Jx\H H~}O
=# H^!
D =## ZO^K` [~OKH `<#? XH ~ ` Qx JO`~QO x
tQ =<"~ ~`_< xiH =k O^ ZO^ LO_H `<#?
JOH~" ## "yOk. 'a=#= J< ==Ô Q D JOH~=#
'*#= J< PÔ` x~eOKe.
xiH ^#= #O^ qOu Oê. < =# =#=Ò J=OaOz
LO_Q ` Q_H@< u <# ZO^ O^Q_^? ^#= #O^ ~
|k H"_< }== xOQ LO_^# QH! ''`$+ H=^` _ [xOK@O
J< J"@# `lOz O~ \\x z` K^# QH!

q+s=< ` z` =~@ K& I

# =^#uO u^~hO II ( 39, ~ 51)
D qÔ Q K# K# P L^_ =~ =~ P#_ ^#O J OKQ_.
J~`, P`x zÒ=Ò HuQ q+= "H PHiOK|_` LO_k. P`#
508
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
H~H#@ O`+ ^H=Q ~u+ (=k) O^< ^. Hk
q+ = #O^ `lOz `Q} ^#=Q =k O^ ux O^"_.
WO`< ~*Q}O =z PHqOKk. z`= =#, P=#, L^Q=#
O^k. Hk x= P`x =<=~@O =k Y=# `lOz H `y#"_
gkxH "o#@ ZH_H_H ~Q fk.
HO` $^HO ~x =O\ *ux K LO_@O.... WO`<
|~YO H=@O.... =iHO`\ H ''J~ ... D q+= ## PHq<
Jx Q~ ~=@O... =~ O~} ... =~ uOz =k "Q Ô
H=@O... WOHOKO W@ q+=#, J@ =kx _ `lOz J*#
P`*` =^Q XH<H 'xû O^ zx LO_ =@O...
D qÔQ L^_ u ~E ^#O H~ u ^#=$` O^
"O O^` LO_"_. "Ò q^, `$+ +Oz LO_k. `$ `~OQ=K
OH@= O^`< LO_"_. ZH_ ^=`# @iQ UHH J~ P
~`= " zÒ` J@ W@ u~QÒ_ "_.
HO`HO Q_zOk. WH W\ H^x, XH ~A XH HO_Q "tOK_.
P` XH P#O `~KH<_. ^x # =$QK~O ~K_. H=OQ z`
=$`# H;~K<_. q+= qOKO_ =## H@_ K_.
L`~ kQ ~x He=_=K =$+}=# `H\ , | "^# Q~~O~
"# '^#O " ~<_. WH UHQ`` W@ zO`# KQ_.

3. F =#! WH P= h ~Q!
L^_ : WC_ <# OKOOz JO`~OQ=xH "t<#.
F =~=#! HOKO PQ, Z@ `<"? D O~=$` =# =#HO
[#O? z=iH ^Y=< HeyOK H~H==# Z=~< K|_`~?
^+ u Q` f =~O Z=~< èq Q"~ PH Hey LO\~? =#O
'Ou J< J=$Ò =ê@@"q\? H=$HO =ê =HOH ^~@ "q\?
JO^Hx < u "# =#! H zOK. h= | HxH "o<,
(H) ` HxH "o<, UO [#O? =#O x~u#O^ ~"# x~}O
OkOKe Qx ...HH Q, KH Q K =O\ q+~O~# H^. h=
K#@Q W< P"O@ ~Q f#. U"Ok? P f~#C_ ^YO
F L=# H~}O G 509
=z_Ok. XH P f~Q< =~H P =z _Ok. P f~#O`HO J~`=

=z _`< L#k H^!
H#H, h= Q=Oê P# `lOK. x~u #O^ ~" # \ O^~" # \,
"#\ "H= H~H uOK. D 'W+=#\q K~H=@O W+O x
"\x =êOKH=@O J< ==~=O` h ^Y=< HQ*Ok =! Uq
YO? ZH_ YO? #u HQ D |, ~, ~k WOk q+=
x~~HOQ h= ZO^ zO@<"? ~, WO`HO uiQ=. W\ =~ Uq
O^" KC? ~ =$` H L~== (Withdrawal) H~H =#O ZO^
uOK _^? J^H> ^ q^ H== =~"#k.
F K=~ ! =~=Q M^= O^=^. =~ =~ |~YO J=`,
w`=H, O\<^=H ~Q f z=iH =~ =$Q= = HO O^@O
==? P@q K P_ U#Q OH~ #H~}# qx ~Q f~
" x# = _ =Q U#QQ L#k =# q<O!
F ~Ok=! Z# Kz @ " ~Q f Q=# z<
KQ <#=# `z@H=^.
F <`=~! '<`=$u` UH`= Ok ~=K Zy~yi, xCxH
xOz ^QO J q_`Q q~ ~H~} # HHO_.
F <tH=! "#K PHiOK|_ = "tOz, JH_#O_ |@ ~H
= `<\ QQ H_`~.

~Ve`Vg< HH ` I
~ ~H~#~ "[ ` Y" II ( 21, ~ 51)
F J*# =#=! U#Q, K, q_`, `<\ Q W=h XHH WOk=#H
=j`" q<#= `z@O@<~. WH OKOk= Q D =#=#
M"H_k?
F =#! h= @~Q# KK"? Jk `# #O_ [OQ "=_ 'KOQ
K` `# `< |OkOKH#K#k. P |O^=# |Q\ Q, qOQ xiOKx,
=^Q `# qqOKK#k. WH P P |O^#= #O_ |_H H$OyÒk.
k `KH J=\Ok. h= _ x# h= |OkOKH=\xH D q+"##
h O^ Hey LO@<=. ''U^^ q<e, K_e, iOKe, P }OKe, ~zK_e
J#O@ |^~`<=.
510
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
ZC_ ZH_ LO> JH_ U"" H# "t<=. H =< `~z<
~Q =Ò P= H^! HOKO h WOk `^`= P. < Kk ^Q
q#.
'@@O K=@O "^# ~= L# D O~~Q=# =#O '~Ò
Ke. JO^K` 'H~ L#K h= k_. *#q+ =~=~ q#.
J*#O =OQ #tOzO^ WH h J#O` q[O OKQ^.
^x<< P~OK =O^, ''Wk =# Q=? JQ=? H=?
JH=? =? =? J~=? J#~=? Lz`=? J#z`=? ...Jx
ijeOKe. JO`Qx Q_Q ^YO<, P"O<, O<, J#=O<
"tOK~^. D '[Q` =$u x HOz` ijeOK. WÔ` =~}, î^, h~,
=#, "~H Hey JQ=OxH iQ ` `#k. J^Q L<= =~}#O`~
=$u '#~H=~ Q` î f#k. '[Q` =$u W\k Jx =# è _
"\x `lOKO_ ZO^ b#" LO_e? =#O J^=`x ZO^ PtOK@O?
ZO` K< q#"? h= Ò x ^xq H#H< <# K `Ô =~==Òk.

~=# qKiOzKz#"_ K T~H_. z`=# iQ <#O K

=O^. j`HO =OK Z=Q LO@#@, J*<kH` L#O`=~ z`=
H PkH` LO_ f~Òk.
=O`HO ~Q< =OK HiyÒk. q"H= =iÒ_Q D z`=, Wk
HeOK ##`, PkH`, Y ^Y= `y`~. "<HO JQKO_Q
z`= `# ~=< H=K#k.
z`= #O^ Jq"H= ~x L#C_ P J^ z`=# ZO` k
=Ò UO O? q"H q+O =`" ^ = q`=Òk.
Jq"HH =}O K#\H z`= =~ LO_^. q"HH H= H=OQ
z`" LO_^.
JO^K` F =#! h= q"H=K #tOK@ ==Q Qey L<=.
JÔ J~ L# x# ZO^ `lOK~^? h kOz, H=OQ x# `lOK@"
=Ozk. O> x# T~H =ke`, WH <# _ èq `="_x J== =O^
Qx, [#O LO_@O ^?

F L=# H~}O G 511
4. <<=_#? D s~=<? XH r"`<?

<<=_#?... ~ qH= P= L#"_#. xiH_#. z` ~= K`
`H" L#"_#. JOH~ "< ~`_#. JOH~=# c[`"#\
z`=` < Z\ O|OÔ ^. J*# ^$+H ''D s~O <#. J<H P` XH
P`# <# J##@Q `KK#k. J<H ^Y= H~H =# J\ =##
P~Ok. XH =~_ O^ U#Q L#Ô> Z=~ #=`~? J#O`=Q P`
``= iz#`=# =# K, P `î JkQqOKHÒk.
=# '^Y ^= Q "# J< |~^ W~H#@ K`< `k`~ `#h
=z _`<~. "## ZC_ P~OK#H< D =## <# ^~OQ
`lOz"<#.
''D ^ " <#, XH P`# <#,. "~ "~ P` `k`~ J##k qÔu
#O_ _Òk. qK~} #Q ~ =O\ "iH J\ K# =Ok. J^
JOH~O. Jk ="= QH =iOHq H^. qK~} ~_Q < J\
^~# ~H"# JOH~O` x ^.

*#" < ~O!... H @#"#O_ t~ =~ Q D s~= H

J}=}= K Q qKiOK#. <# *#=`=#. =iOHn H^. *#"
=# D kx\h i~O K LO\Ok. Jk =H= O^ UH~"
"K#k. ^x O^ ''^ H ^ iKÔ JO@ Un < ^. JO^
=~H ^~O JO@ Un LO_*^.
^xH` iz#~= Qh, <=qH=Qh, UH`=Qh, J<H`=Qh,
=`=Qh, J}`=Qh LO_< LO_"... J\ *#~" <#.
*#~_#Q <# < H~=K D =# J#|_^xx Z^~Q QOK
K<#. q"HOK [xOz# *#OK =## WC_ < O^ O K"<#.
s~O - WH_ =O=, WH_ ~H=, WH_ qH, WH_ }"=
WO`H^ D s~O? WH WO^ 'JOH~O J#|_k ZH_#k? D ^=
H OK<`H H }"= O|OkOz#k.
WOê *#= =K` # =# O|OkOz#k. '[#[~=~}= "^# =h
s~=# O|OkOz#q. WO^ JO==Q L#^k?
512
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
=O=, ~H=, Z=H, K#j=Q WOk=, ZQ@ (*#=)
W=h '<# J# ^=# a#"#" H^! Hx Uq K=`~O! '<# J##k "@x
\x '<q J#K#k. Uk U"< Jq =Ò '<# H=. =i D Lk~=#
'<# J# JO=~=# L#^k?
K=, =, <H, K~ =, H g@x\H "~ , g\ O^ LO_, J#= =#
O^K#k Uk? ZH_k?
<# - D =# '<# J# ^=K L^tOK|_\xH g^. WO^ Q
"# _ ''<# J#|_#k J~ LO_\xH ^~^. H#H, z<`=Q P`
JO=~=#, H '<# J# ~=# HtOKK#k.
P~` ^$+ - WH P~` ^$+` KÔ. D q#@O, K_@O, iOK@O,
P}OK@O, ~z K_@O W=h '<# K`< O^|_K<~. J#==h
J#=Ax ^~# H#H J=h <<.
J"^ ^$+ - ''<# U^ L<#? J# =^#O "uH#C_, J"^
^$+ (Attributive perception)K K W"q <# H^.
'<# ~=# ZQK#"_# J##^ `=. ''D ^= <#. nx `<
LO\#. nx `< `# J##k =Ò `^$+ H^.

P! zH "O@|_#C_ XH "_ J<H qH~= î#@, <#
WO`HO <# Hx "\K` qH~= O^#. ZO` kOK|_#. J=!
Q =O K` WO`HxH 'J*#= J< ÔQ# Hx\#. ~=~=Q 'P`
*#= J< `# JiOz# P ÔQ P@ WH Qx=#.
ZO^HO>, <# `Q ^Y~`_<. J\ <# ^Y= O^@"q\?
PH=#, "= O|O^=O@O^? Jq ~O_ XH\ J=`? ^
J\Q D ^Y=, < O|OÔ ^.

#=~ +OK #@xQ 'JOH~O J< "+O îOz <# < =#
L^ K<#. D s~O îOz, s~ O|O^ =`=# '`H=@O,
LO_@O, ~=@O, =@O "^#q x~i<#. J~`, P` O^~#O K` <#
J JOH~q+_< H#. #@_ `# " "+O HO> "~# "_ H^!
<# H` D H LO_=, K LO_^, K_|_g LO_=. < HO> "~Q
K "\H LxH ^. J=h D ^= #O^, H, =~H_< LO> U=#k? H
` U=#k? <# "@x\H O|OkOz#"_# H#.
F L=# H~}O G 513
Uq K=`~O! K@ q^ ÒQ D [Q` #O^ K~ K D 'J"

J##k Z=~? Z=xK, ZC_, Z@, ZO^ HeOK|_K#k? -D ~O_<
<# WO`HO Qu zH# _Q _L<<q\?
D H# U^ '~= J< q+x KOk. Jk P ~=# QOK@
O^ x=Q" LO_Q, WH P ^$ q+=# 'Wk ^Y q+= J# J~=#
Wz `^#=O O^K# <<=_x?
D `H (K~=) ~O^ L#Y=Q KO_Q, ''P! QQ^! Jx KCK
^+ KOQ #K# J" Z=~?
<H ~zx Hi LO_Q ''WC_ l<#. Wq ZO` ~zQ L<~!
J< ^+= HQK# ^=iH? K= |=# O^` LO_Q ''J! D
=@K ## WO`Q J==x<~? J< ^Y=# O^`, Ju n#OQ
Ok# k Z=~? D = U^ "# O^KO_Q ''J! UO Q^ J#O@
KCK#^=~?
JOH~ H#! - D WOk= `= # K LO>, "\ O^,
=$Q`$ [O Q JOH~O =z è_K#k. H#H... ''D Ôk^ <#
J< ''=# Ou #O_, |@H H# #O_ |^~Òk. D Ôk^
@ Q JO== WC_ <K i`lOK|_QH!

D ^=# H^K# ^=~? "#? ...^. ZO^HO>, XH_ Ô
K` "< ~`_#\H D ^= `# r=# `=Q H~O^ =~# Hey
LO\Ok. 'H#H s~"~=# "# H~}O J#\xH g^. "#
^xH O|OkOz#" D ^H~ $Ò J^xk J=Òk.

F =e# z`=! <xC_ K# qK~} JO` h= Q=x<= H^! XH
q+O QOK. "<~ÒQ [~QK# H~ ==~= O^ '<# ^dx J<
J#=O LO_*^. =~=# H~ ZC_` "<~`=`, WH ''q+`x
Y ^M#== _ LO_*=.
Jk "<`QO. =~Q F WOk=~! q~ q "## `lOz,
J@ ^`ÔQ q ## x~iOK~ WH q~, <# ^YO O^=. XH
_ =\` = `~ KHx, P_O@, Jk ye` ^@# U__
KK~? q~ _ q+ =~# O^ q<~. H`#C_ ^YO
O^`<~. ...JO^ "# Hey LO_> H~}O.
514
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
F "# ^ z`=! JkQ, P `\HO `~OQ= JQ<~ H^!
XH "<#. P `~OQ= [= HO> "~? H^. D "<^$+ _
*#^$+` K ''P` HO> "~ H^ Jx QOK.
F WOk=< "~! @~Q `# ^~= zHx #tOK#@
q~ qO^ |^~ `$+ O^ zHx =~=Q iÒKHO_.
HO_# ZK# @i =_^| HO^|_ H@HO@#@ q~ 'O~O J<
= Ô _ H@HHO_. # ^~O |OkOz LOK`#@ q~ |OkO|_
LO_@ "# H~}O.
'"# J#|_q ZH_ #O_ =K~? Ou #O_! OuK HeOK|_q
^~O H^. Jq 'OHeOKH=@O J< O K` OQ KkOK|_Q=. Qe
"@ nO Pi=K#@ "# J*<xH, q<<xH `= JQK<~.
z`= J#Q "#.

z` ~xH `` ~x~H=` ##" I

PH K`#=`~O x~}""=^= II ( 69, ~ 52)
~ WOk=# P # ~=~ HO^ q^ K F z`=!
W\ ^H =#O KC# qK~}x PH~} =# XH H` q+O
"eH=Ok.
h= _ `k`~ WOk=Q< J`=, LH~} =`= J~ L<=.
WH #O_ H~"# 'WOk~ =`= J~ LO_. "^ A =#HO
KCK<~? ''UH""kfO | ''kf"#Ô@ =~H>n O LxH
Hey LO_^ Jx H^! =#O nxx KHQ QÔ. JO`Qx =# Hey
LO_=^. = J< q+z J#O` ^Y^H"#k. 'JOH~= Hey LO_@
J# J"> P =, H, "# H ~O. J^ J<H ~ J*# i`"#
q+ Ja+# HQ*Ok. P`` O|O^=#, UH`=# J#|O^=#
^~O KOk.
'^ `= / kf= J< q+zx =#O Ju x}`` JkQqÔ... `lÔ.
F q`=! z`=! h= O~~`_= H=. D [## =~}k ~=#
`lOK. ~#O^ ~_= H=.

F L=# H~}O G 515
5. xi_# J"_# JOQ_#

L^_ : ''J#O`H~`=, JÒ` H;=, q+~`= JQ < P`
~=# D "# HOK"< $tOKQ"? ^.
x ^$+ '`_ J< x PH~O HeOK|_K#^! J\Q |k O^
JOH~=, H;"# HeOK|_K<~. J\ "# O` =#
[_=# LyOz `k`~ [Q`# O^Òk. =# *Q` #O^, WOk
q+= O^ #K J<H *Q$`^$#== OkOKO\Ok. J^
=# =O =#K "<= q+ =# <_ ^ O O^Òk.
=# H '*Q`, J#== < =HO [~QK<~.
<<... z` ~_<, xi_< JO` gH L<#.
< ~"#\ 'z`# [## =~}= =. '~", x~H~= J~#
K`#= #O^ L^qOK^k? #tOK^k?... H|\, r=_ ^x O^ #t_?
r=x O^ Uk #tOk?... ~=Q 'z` # D s~^ H ~H
HK H`Q =K^=#k? H^=#k?...
ZO^HO>... '~` Q K`#" JOî H r=#=. J\ K`#" <#.
= ^ H= O^, ~ ==O^ z` ~" "Oz#k. =~C_
'rqOK H=, rqOKx H= J<q ZH_<~? J#Q, < ~=Q
z`# r=# xs=#= =. U HO# Un Ja+OK =# < q^.
''Wk =~}OKK#k, Wk rqOKK#k W\ J<H qH H#h H=O
=#H Qh, x~=Q P` H=. U JO`~OQ"` ''D ^^ <# J#
^~O=## `# O^ U~~KHx LO\O^ ...J\ JO`~OQ= =`" `#
O^ [## =~}^# O^Òk. P` O^ =Ò 'J" =# Qx, =~
=# Qh LO_=. WH ^xH [## =~}^ ZH_O\~? =$Q`$+ q^=
J~#@ ^ =, =# - D ~ O_ q^ . "\ O^ uaOaOK 'JOH~=
=Ò `"#^\ J=Òk? ...[_" H^ ... Ja=#O ^xH?
D H#|_ ^~= q+xH = ... W=h _ [_"#" H^! D s~O
_ XH [_^~O =`". Wk =Q Un K@^.
K`#~_#Q <# D ^= "^# [_^~=@ Ja=#O ZO^
Hey LO_e?

516
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
D ^~=h L#C_, #C_ _ <# L<#. D ~H=O=
^=#O^ b#=QK, 'Wk <k Jx `KK# =## K < *e"Ok.
J\ Ja=#= qK~} K#C_ `H #tOKK#k.
=# z`= |k J##q OQ K`#= H=. [_= =`"!
Jq =~H ^xK =iO*|_K<~. Jq H#x qQ=. H#H Jq
JOH~= J# ^xx `" $+O KQ "? ...^ . WH D ^ O WOk=<~
H^!... Wq LH~}= =`". Wq '~= "^# q+=# HìO
*@ x=Q" L<~.
D ^~= `= `= ^~`=# =H~K@ O^ u Hey
L<~. "@x\ O^ '<# J##k ZH_#k? W=h <K LyOK|_K,
'`H|_K#q J~ L<~.
WH 'Q}= q+O!... H~ Q}=# `= ~[= `== -
J# =_ q^Q qlOK~. D `~*`= ''H= (èq) O^@,
=$ux O^@, "= O^@ J# =_ ~HQ U~_ LO@<~. D
uQ}= ~H~H H~H H$u. =, ^#= Jx _ nxx ~.
Q}= Z=iq? ...Q}q (one who is exhibiting qualities). Q} O> Q}
LO_=. H#H Q}= OQ [_= =`". Q} Q}= =O^, Q}
HO> _, Q}= #", H~}" LO@<_. J`_ Q}= J"_.
Q} H ~= '` |=. Jk ~^ `# `=# O^ <Hx
L#k. Jk JYO_=. ''JOH~= J#|_k JYO_=Q ` |= #O^ K@
O^*^. J#Q 'JOH~O J<k ZH_, U ~O# LO_*^.

Q#k!... J~`, D 'r=_ Jx `~_"_=_? XH ~_ JÔ #,
`\HO #, H O^ uaOa<_ H^! ...J^qÔQ XH z` D ^=
x\ O^ uaOaOk.
J#Q... D ^=# HxOK z^_ ~=#O^ z^`. ~",
~ H=_, =`~ ~ _ JQ z^` ~ ^ = O^ '^ Q "K<_.
J\ =`~ ~# 'D ^= <k J# â=#=, JOH~= Z\
HQ`~. H#H J\ J== Pk`" Qh, "=O H^.
^ - D ^= #O^ ^Q Ja=#O Hey LO@#"_=_? "x PH~=
Z\k? P`_ Z\ U=x x~OK|_`_? P`x ~OQq\? ~q\? U ^~=K
P`_ `~QK<_?
F L=# H~}O G 517
JO == î# <<=ix? <# JO==<? JO^ "~# "_<?

JO== <K QOK|_K#^? H, <# JO==K QOK|_K<"?
JO== ## HeO^? <# JO==# HeOKO@<<?
"fÒ! - W@ zOz#C_ '<# JO ==# =#=O^ LO_
L<# Jx èÒk. D "== < O^ Qh, "== O^
<# Qh =.
J=#. D OK=# 'JO"a=x J#"_=_ ^~xH _. H#H
<# JOH~ ~`=Q z^` ~_#. J\ < Z^x`# U O|O^=
^. JOH~= J`#x x~OK|_Òk H^! WH Z=xH ^x` Uq O|OÔ?
J\ O|O^= H J== k#C_ ~^ `H# "@O`@ J"
#t<~. =i <# xi_#, J"_#, JOQ_# H^!

6. WH HO ^xH?
D qÔQ D [QÒ` |`H" J~ L#k. `~_#Q <# ZO^
=~OQ HOKe? Jx =# <# J^ ` =[=# `_< L<#x
x~OK|_Òk H^!
D r=_ K~`Q Jx\H< L`"`= u Uk? ...UH", x~", ~"H"
^" L#\ P`^" Jx ~ O^, Jx kO^, Jx " O^ "K#k.
=i 'JOH~= J< HOH" JO=O. JOH~=<k < #C_, WH ^xx
'`yOKH"e J<k ZH_Ok? J\ H JH~^.
^~= = P` =`" L#k - ^~xH ^~*=O@ ZH_ Un
^. ~"Q P` =`" L#k. XH" J =Ò K` ZC_< ^~=
LxH OqOz<, P``\ "\H Z\ O|O^= ^. ^~= P`^$
K J=h P`K HeOK|_, qOK|_K#"! P` x~iOK =##" `# ~=Q
Q D =# WOk=` Q_, ^$O`=Q q[$OaOk. Jk O^K#
=# JO` `# `< HeOKH#K#k. Jk `# "# ^~= g HìOK
H^. ^~= g ^xx $tOK*=. H# =## ^~=#
XH K\H `KK#k. H#H D [Q` H J ~O H# =`".
WH z` ZC_ xi"#k. Jk =#` Qh, WOk=` Qx,
^~=` Qh H= (Attached / Involved) JQ@^. "@x\H Jk Jf`",
Jx~Kh" LO\Ok. ""xH - 1. ^~=, 2. WOk=, 3.
518
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
=#, 4.z` - D <Q XH ^x` =~H\ HeO_< `= `= #=
U~_ LO@<~. ~~, =}, =, `_ (`=) XHK@ P~} ~O
L< Jq XH^xH =~H\ "~ H^!
J*#= #O_ JOH~= - J*#= K`< == L^~Ok. J\
== =# 'Wk <k, Wq WOH Oê J< ==~O U~_Òk. "=O
Z~QH =@" J*#O. Jk [QÔuQ i}qOk.
P``` = U=~#C_ 'JOH~= J< K=` $u L^~Ok. "_
L#K@ =OK LO@O^? P`# îOKQ< - JOH~=, ^~=<, - ~O_
`y`~. J#Q Jq xqQ è=~.
P` a#"#^n ^. JO` |" J~ L#k. H|\ |=<
=#K#.
JOH~= *`H=~=` I
J# ~}O =< ##O q~}O =~" II ( 25, ~ 53)
PHO Hx# h ~OQQ q^~OQ Hx# D JOH~O
< $u Ô iQ `QO` =~ JkQqOz"#. J@ JkQqOz# `~"`,
+O KK# P`~= #O^ P` ~_< LO\#. O``_<, x~H==
J#O``=, JYO_`=, ^`=, ``= =#. = Jq^ ÒQ
JOH~ =# ~^ `lOz" P = _ ~^ H=`_< LO\#.

O, #+O - =$k, H= `= ==Q Q D ^^@ 'Wk <#,
Wk <k J# JO== Zx J#~ HQ *Ok! Z<x `, O`=
H~}=QK#k! J=#. $^HO 'JOH~= J< "O iOKQ<, WH
^~#` Q_# D ^^ =~ =~ L`#O J=`< L<~. ^=#
J#iOz#O` HO W ~H=, =~}=, #~#, ^Y= HQ`<
LO\~.
JOH~= J< Q^ H#|_K# Q^~=h Z\H J\H <#
=" H^! O, J*#Q J<H=Ok r=, ''WO` =~ Wk O^#. W
WH_ #O_ Wk O^=K<# J# ~O JO`~OQO JqO` "^HO
Hey LO@<~. J\ JO`H~}= *<y K` ^Q"#~|_ QH! ''Wk L#k, Wk
^ J##\ zO`h =He`=Q JOH~= "Q< iOK|_K<h,
P` "# H^h [#O` QiOK^~ QH!

F L=# H~}O G 519
7. D r=_ Q=xOK_O?
JO" iH} + O~^ I
K`~ # }=^V~" II ( 32, ~ 53)
L^_ : D ^Ô^ ZC_` JO== H~O^, JC_H O~=$H=
ZO_ h~OKQ^. P`*#O L#K@ ~Q= Qx, ^+= Qx, `$+ Qx LO_=.
=# #O^ ''D OKO q^ J# L#`"# xO ^$__O^ ... WH Q
"# #y`~. =# z` uaO|=# x~==` _ Q O _Q,
H=OQ OH qH=# `lOKQ QÒk. ~Q~ `" # C_ ^= QK#k.
P`# îOz#C_ ` O^QQK#k.
D z`= `# J==~=#\ D WOk=# |~Y= #O_
JO`~Y= "Q `~eOz#C_ `` *#O L^~Ok. *<y `# `<
^Q", P` HOK x~Ò O^Òk. ''P! D Ô < HO> a#"#k H^!
Jx QOz#^ q+"## `lOk. q<#=# _ JOwHiOz Q
^H Q ^g~x = '|`` = J< =[=# `# =# JOkOk.

D =## ^~K@O J^Q L<=... Wk ^xH OÒ HQ

* LO@Ok. J\Q, ^= =## O`H~= JQK#k. O_ ye`
JO^x h `Q`~ H^! JQ D =< ^= XH^x "# #t,
~O_ #t~. O_x h~ O_# P~OKx L#@ s~=, =# XH^x
HH\ H HiOKO@<~. J~`, WO`<, ~~O O`H~}=~,
^+OKO@<~. Jq^ #t, P ~ O_ 'xq JQK<~. P ~ O_ ~ `` =#
OìOK#C_ D r=# ~=Y= aOKQ^. P ~O_\ U XH\ L<
D r=# ^Y= qOK@=<k H. q~^ =O Hey# D =<^=
ZH_ LO> JH_ ^Y~O~ =z _`< LO\~. D ~O_\ O|O^=
=#< r=# q+Y= O^ PH [xOKK#k. J\ ^~QO `H Q=xOK
=# q+O.
_ K= H H# KO@ LO\_!... J\Q D =# `#
OH= K`< D ^=# HeOKH#K#k. D s~=# XH " #O_
[#= "^# "\K +K, =~H" #O_ `# ^Y=h D ^=#
JO@Q@K#k. =#K ^Y=# JO^# D s~O ^~ #=# q,
520
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
~Q-^+-H-"--^# L`#O K, `^~ [xOz# O~#
=#xH <@K#k. J#Q, =#H Ô `@K#k. H#H_H Ò_x
kOK#@ D s~= =# H =# JkHO KOk.

WH D J<H r= ~~ O|OÔ WOH K=`~OQ LO\Ok. `Q K
XH_ =~HxH q`_ H_, `= H_. Hx YH#K 'q`_, ^Y,
H#K
'`=# =# O^K#k.
< `H$`=, #KqÒ H^K#,
YÔ q`q`H", ^Y^ `=` $` II
Z=i =# YO aO> P`_ q`_x, Z=i =# ^YO OqO^
P`_ `=x =#K fu U~~K|_K#k.
D s~O ^Y=# J#q =## OOk. WH =# _ `#
OH=K D ^=# ^M#= #O e"O^! W\ ~~ ^Y
^H=, = q~^=# ^=# H_# D r=_ QiOK<_O?
=# #t s~= ^YO O^^. JO^K` ''^ JH J`=~=
` _# Ò K *#=#, ``^#=# =~H<^#QH! =##
P`*#O HQ#O`=~ D Ô LO_ UO O? H~ UO O? J#~=
`C#q H=.
F =<^=~? gi^~ H XHiHH~ HiOK#@ L<, #
XHix =~H~ OOKO@<~. J~` 'J^ ^ (A Sense beyond all differences)K
UH~ QK<~. =O@ K@C_ Jy, [= Hi# @ qi^~ "H
^# q+O < =zÒQ HiOKO_.

=# #t ^= "<~`=QK#k. JC_ ^~`=
J#==Òk. Hh, Ô #tOz< =# #tOK@O^. JO^K` q"H=`
=O^Q =## #tO*#. 'OH= `$+ J# ~O_ KH= Q D
=## `lOz, `` e ÒQ O K '~= ` J< q q "t Oz OÒQ,
YOQ LOK`#. H~# =# H=OQ `# ="# "<~O~#
_ H~O*Ok H^! WH < ^dOK@ q+=q LO\~?
K~ ~H =O qH` _# D s~O J# `= =O\^.
J~`, =# LO> Wk `= =iOk. =# Lq Wk L< XH>,
F L=# H~}O G 521
< XH>. ^x` < O|O^" LO_^ H^! J*#^ L#C_ UU

Q=# PHOHOK< J\ Q=` <Hq O|OÔ ^. D s~=#
O|OkOz# M"=` <Hq x?

F 'L^_ J# ~K P~OK|_#"_! <# ^=# Qx, <==#

Qx, =## Qh H^. < O^ iOK D <= ~= HO> P` JÒ`
qt+"#k.
XH LH K`#... q#. D s~O =~}Oz#C_, WH_ H K`
`k`~ ^ = L#\H Jk H^ Q^? ^ . Hh, D ^ O`> <# O_
"_# H^. D ^=# Jf`"# "_#. WKHK D ^=# HkeOK"_#.
JêOK"_#. x`_#. x~O`~ H j_#. "H ~_#. ~=O_=Oê
~x` _ OQÒ Ok, J\ PH=x ~x Z~QK#\"_#.
JO`Qx, H=O JA_#, ^dx H^. < ^Y= Qh, ^Y`= Qh, J#~`=
Qh =. Ô L<, ~< <<C_ O`~`_<.
`` `` # =< <x} # " # =$` II ( 74, ~ 53)
P` ZC_` qHO^ P #O, H, u =# Qh, WOk=
Qx, "# Qx LO_*=. ~AQ~ x=OK JO`~O aHQ LO\~?

F s~ =#~! q WîHO> qH}"# <# | ^=# ZC_

Ok L<#. W\H, Z\H Jk O^|_ L#k.
<# H=_#! ...W@ = ^$ ==~= q[= O^#. O`_#,
x~==_# J#. < WK Qh, H Qh =. #= #O_ #< "~
_# `~"`, P #<, #= O|OÔ Qx, =# H} Qh Hey LO_=H^!
<HC_ ^ WOk =# "^# "\` U=Ò O|OÔ ^.
WH D Ôk =# LO> LO_h. Jn q<^". P` ^= #O_ J
=ÒQ H\ `=QK# |k < =HO U^< '+Oz# ~|H~ # O^=
=, O^h. H~ x"xH ~|H~ ZH_q?
~ =# H J~# < D ^ ^` D ^ ^ J#= OQh, Ja=#OQh
LO_xQh, LO_O_xQh ^.
522
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
F P`*#~! J``= =Q UH` |k` OKiOK q~ < |O^ =,
` _. q~O` x~O`~ P`Ô Hey, =, , Q`
LO@<~ H^! < q^ ^` q [@` ## _ K~HO_.
F 'L^_ J# ~` =|_K# P`^"! h= U "O O_<,
`Q< JÒ` K Ht<=. ~H=, P`` ~ ~=}
P#OÔ, L=#=K "QO^K<=. ^K~=, =$^+}=, ~`=,
Jk`= q ==x JH$u= H}= LO\~. H=, ^ `~`=,
qH~`= q == JQK<~. F L^H<=^ P`^"! h
#=~O.
== H# K`< Pq~qOk. P ~H# P=, = H#
H~}`_<, #", P^~`_< <# L<#.

WC_ J*# =# ~`"~Ok. qHH=Q z`= =KH<
^~@^. `H=Q H HxOK D ^$*=O` `lOz"|_Ok. <#
|#O^~_< ~=Ò^ Jx~Kh=, PÔ` ~`= J~# Oux,
qOux O^K<#.

D qÔQ qK~} K L^_ x~"#, L^~"# |k` H# QO
=H<~.

8. Ou qOu
J~ Lhe` <`_ J~, L^_ '~|= J# ^= O`_Q@
L^__. FOH~" ~=^= H O[ H^! WH O\<Ô Q
FOH~O LKiOK ~OaOK_. 'FOH~xH t~ =O\^# 'J~= `# P~OK_.
FOH~ =$uH ~= = L`"# K`#=# J#iOKK, +=<_x
gOK_. ''@ r=K`#= WH =# U=Ò Ja=YO H^ J#
u =~ FOH~= LKi< L<_. P }== 'JH~= 'L H~= '=
H~= J~=` J# <Q ^= Hey L#k.
'JH~O ...~KHO - }== H '^=O Q JH~=# LK ~=`
LKi L<~. P`x Ô JC_ O|", ^= "KO_
F L=# H~}O G 523
LÒ KKO_ "= K# |O` xO_~Ok. '~KH= J# ~`

K|_ '} x+=} H P`x s~=# Mm KyOk.
J@ P`x ^= #O_ "=_# "= z` ~ i`", Q_# =ke#
H Q HO "tOK~. JC_ P`x $Ôx *[=#=Q
Jy ^ #O`\ h PHqOzOk. P`x uH^ O "# k. J~` ~=! L^#,
J\ u }==H ^=H==# K`< J#^QH~OQ HeyOk. JO`Qh,
~QO K` H^. ZO^HO> |=OÒQ K ~QO =, ^Y=<
HQ*Ok =!
'LH~O ...O|HO - H=OQ L^_ 'JH~K~} #O_ 'LH~K~}
=~OaOK_. JC_ 'LH~K~} H=O }= =u U~_Ok. 'x
O= J# ~` ^"# }H [iyOk. <H~O^= "=
x~kOK|_Ok. P "= HQh, HO^Qh, |@Qh, eHQh *H
K#~ `" # k. s~=# "#~Q Jy "~= H}
O OuOzOk. JC_
Z]\ s~= =`" HxOzOk. `\ qH K~`" HxOK~.
= "=K T~=# Hx|_# P J` = H}O PH= #O^
"Oz J^$"~Ok.
D u _ }==H kf H=OK U~_Ok. JO`Qx, |=OÒQ
K ~QO =# H^.
'= H~O ...~HO - P `~"` L^_ Ou^H=Q }== H
`$f H== #O^ "=# iOK_. Jk '~H= J# }HQ
JC_ 'r= K`#= J< J=$`= H =^ Q }=O =OK H
~Q HO j`Ò OkOk.
H=OQ P r= K`#= QQ# =O_Ò OkOk. P`x }"=
KO^x K\ H~}= Q J=$` `=~. "=K Hx|_Q
qye# ^= P`x }"= H J=$`^~ iOk. JC_ KO^
aO|== =#"# XH H` s~O H\ ` " # k. K` ~[=` q+ Q " #x
PH$u = #`#s~O L^~OzOk.
P L^x #`# s~O qH` <`=`, =Y=`, Ju n` #
OkOk. ["O `\H=# xO#@, =O` HO =z =$H= ~=#
xO#@ J=$`==Q }= P s~x xO~. x~~=, ^+
~`=Q P`x #`# s~O Ò K H~H== `y#@Q L#k.

524
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
J@ `~"` L^_ XHK@ ^#=# s~=# '^$_O K_.
U#Q# H@HO|=# H\ #@ OKOk=# |OkOK_.
'xiH =k xqÒ `# =## ==# qx~O K\xH uOK
Q_. ''P `$+ qQ P= " Q " K# `# == (=#)#,
}H"# z`=# ^ ~z, =~eOK@ J<H q^=Q uOK_.
^#` `K Q|_#@ P`xx z`= ^~OQ '|O^= Q$=
iz` " Q Q|_K LO_@O Q=xOK_. J@ q+ =" Q ~ Q`
" z`=# =~ =~ x~"#i |~HOQ x~kOK"_.
H=OQ P`x Ò eOzOk. ~O_H J~xqeÒ K_. =#=`î
J~, }# xOK =Y= #O^ 'j`QO^=` `y# XH<H
O``# O^_. J\ O` u WOk=# q+= #O_ "~K
`# O` ==#O^ W=_<_. ~Q " #_ H=# `lOKK#@
P# q+^# `lOz"_. P``` ^~#= =$kO^KO_Q =<
" "^# q+=h `# O^ O K"_.
JC_ He=_=K 'QÔ # O K #=^~=Oê "=# x~kOK~.
P`x HO~= WC_ P`~ ~" ~*Q}, `" Q}=# JqOKK K" # k.
=## ^~} K =kH Ja=YO K_. P =## `# $^ HO<
îOz L<_. JC_k x~HOQ x~`=#, =`=# OkOk.

=^ =^ =OÔQ qK^H~=Q qs` " _Kq. "\x
*Q`Q Q=x |H~ =$uK P qH =O `## qOK O_ *Q~ _
"_. H=OQ qH*=h #tOK~.
P `~"` `# $^HOH ^$+#O` iOK_. `"Q} i`"#
JO^H ~=K PKk`" # q"H ~x (J+ q"H#= =#) KK_. "#"O@<
'`Q}a=$k x P~Oz, `^~ Oz# L`= *#=, =#K `"Q}
i`"# JO^H~=# #tO*_. JC_ XH<H ~=}"# '`[ O[=
# îOK_. J\ ^~#= ` =# ~*Q}=# Q=xOz, ^xx qOy"
`Q} =$^_<_. H=OQ P `[O[= LqOzOk.

JC_ P =hO^x =# x^ `~OQ=K KOK", =}j"
LO_yOk. =^#=K =`H# =x+Q P`_ x^# O^_. Hh q"H
F L=# H~}O G 525
^K P x^# q#+O K_. x^ #tOz# `~"` =# 'qq^ "#`

iHe`"# ~=Q PH= # =# KyOk. P`_ P PH=# _
`yOz "~. P qÔQ PH#u_ #tOz# `~"` '=` kQK#\
`Q` Q HOKO q"`_<_.
P =<"x _ ~ê# `~"` P`x J\ =# H}HO xiH
=k qqOzOk. J\ u '`[, `==, x^, "= - J<q #\k.
" JQK~"#k.
P`x z`= J@ qqOz, =~ WO`< OK =$uH =~eOk. H
=$u#, =iHOKO x=$u# =i P`x z`= `~< z``=
=ê z^`=# OkOk. JujOQ ~OK= HO> J#"# PH~=#
OkOk. =$uQ` K`#= `# q+H~=# `lOz ~=$` H J~#\
H= z^`=# OìOKHx HtOzOk.
``H`~O - H=OQ L^_ =k^~ `` H`~O H Ô
O^_.
N~=_ : `` H`~O J#Q?
N=+=i : ''~ OK=# Jk#O, ^ `~`=, ^=, =`~=
JQ z^H" <# Jx Z~Q@ ``H`~= H ^=x JO\O.
''h=Q HxOKk << J#|_ =^"#, JH$u="# ZH P^# ``
H`~ Ô.
J\ u P`_ ^$, ^~# =i`_<_. U^` ~q+ = P^~
`" , =^` ", |k =`K ~ ^ PkOK|_K#^ J\ P#O^x
O^_. P#O^Q~O J# ^y#\ ~= ` H `=# ~=# J=î OK_.
L^x 'r=K`#= J< O P#O^~=~O u Hey ~KO^x = Qe
gKx Ô nOQ, Q_ edOK|_# HYO_OQ, `~OQ #\ =Ô
Q, ~Òx "=Q xÒ OkOk.
J\ =H=#O^ P`_ z~HO L<_. J`_ P u LO@ LO_Q
=<=~O J<H =Ok PHOK~#, ^#, J<H =Ok ^=`# KK_.
'WO^_, ~_ "^# J<H ^=# kOKQ qz`"# J<H ^
P`xx qOK~. XH L^~ z`_Q =_ `#î# ` P_H<
P@# \ OKO\_? JQ L^_ _ P`_ P ^# PîOK<^.

526
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
9. ~=^=
J@ ^# x~HiOz# `~"` P`_ '=k J# P#O^=Ok~O P~
< HO L<_. ^, ^ , |^ =`" ^ O JQK LO_ ~` $+= Q
'r=#H= J# ^= #O^ u+` _< _. JH_ ~= Q P`#O^=# O^_.
P`x P`K`#= ^"# q+#O^= Qx, q+Y= Qx x^
H=Q `# ~~= #O^ LO_ aOzOk.
Z=_< ~, Z=~< HO` =O =#K J\ =kO^ q`=
Ok`, WH P`x =# ~Y= Qh, q+Y= Qh Kz ux O^
H LO_^. J\ xiH=k U~_ P#O^" |#O^=h, P`Hu Jx
K|_Òk. JK@ LO_ u Ou H PÒuH=, x` = _.
JH_ qqOK "xx WH Z\ = kOK^. J\ JYO_ J" ^$+ H"_ WH
'^$^$+ O^ "O K_.
J#Q... =}, =##, =^ O` ^z`=# Ok#"~ P
=^#O^ ^=# Ok, WH P D ^$OK=# XH q+OQ< K_~.
KH=i ^q Jk+Oz#"_ XH O\# Kz ''W\ W Hey LO_@O ZO`
O`+O HQ*Ok H^! Jx `_? ^ H^!
N~=_ : J\"_ WH D OK=" Z\H ^$+ iOK_?
N=+=i : J\ 'P` ^= #O^ qOu Ok#"xx '|^K`_ Jx
JO\~. J\ u =kx J=îOz#"_ W`~ ZO` u Qh =~
'=`#^ ~_. P~= qH ^ Ò K` =`#^ uiy~=K.
WH U_= qH "tOz#"_ `# `#Q "#H =~ =O^.

=`_Q L^_ P qÔQ P~< =k uOÔ_, =~ `#
`< L`#kQ |^_<_. =^ =~O =`[O##, K=~=#
g qOK ^=`#, `H= J=~|_# ^=` q=#=#, =##,
q^^~# KK_.
JH_ HO^~ ^=` P`xx Hi W@ OkOK~. F =#"!
L^H! q }=O K# ==# J#Q, Q=xOKO_. D q=#O
ZH ^=HO ~O_. D "Ò OKO LO_ Q=x\ H< _ ~H"
JkH"#k H^! q~ UQ=# H~O> J=h HO`==~ J#qOK=K.
F L=# H~}O G 527
OKO `, [= "^# H~H==h ~Q= J#qOK@O

H" x~~OK|_~ H^! D q^^~ " K<~! g~O` q=#
L < ~. ^~ , J~, H== =Y O H=" H^! J\ H=#OÔ kOK
Q L`= ~O< LO\~.
P =@ qx, L^_ z~#=` q#=OQ "iH Juk <#~HOQ
#=iOK_. Hh, =~`_ "~ K# =@ @ =#O =OK_. "i
@ Ja#O^# Qh, `[= Qh H\ OK^. ''F ^~! < #=~O HiOz
= WOKO_ Jx eH ^`ÔQ =k "~O H#yOK_. q+Q
q~_# P |+~x q ^ Hk~A"z LO_ =~ Z\ "o~.

Jk "^Hx r=#Hx Ok# L^_ `# WK~HOQ =#=O^,
P==O^ OK~O K LO_"_. =^ =^ XH K@ P#_ ^#x+
"t LO_"_. XHHi XH ~A, Hx~A, O=`~O, Hx O=`~=
=kO^ LO@, =~ "O@ LO_"_.
H=OQ Ok# *# `[K P`_ XH" K` # =` SH" LO@< =~H"
==~ ``~_ LO_"_. L=x UH`= O^"_Qx, J*x= qHO
O^"_H^. ~H ~=# =kH JO =k"_ H_.
N~=_ : =s! JO>, L^_ OK=# O^K#C_, OK~`_
JQK#C_ =k H JO H#y<_x KCK<~ H^! P`x W\
=k H JO x~zOz KO_.
N=+ =i : K`# q# - 1. JO`H~}=, 2. P JO`H~}= U~_
=$` HQ K`#= - D ~O_\ h P`_ "~ ~z, ijeOK "_. J^ P`x
=~=# =k H J=. J\ J=K Jiz#=Q z^==#
O^"_.
WH P`x O^ ~Q ^^ =. JOH~, ==H~ iz#,
Jiz#=, L^Q, L^#= =. ~HOu q =~=# "OK
K#@ P`_ ~`= O^ =~_ =i LO_"_. JO`\ |=<
QOKK LO_"_. Z=~< ~, 'HK`#= J# =k O^ =# K@O
z~HO J ~Q, JC_ H"#\ 'x~u#O^ z^= `H
O^`~. L^_ OkOz# x~O^, J^ `, J" ux JOK
Z=~< `H O^=K.
528
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
XH HYO_O edOK|_# ~_ L^~OK_ JqOK_ H^! P`_ D
^$== L^~OK@O ^... JqOK@O ^. ~` Ou=_ L<_.
P`x z`= x~u#O^ K LqOzOk. H~ c[=h H~OK@K,
P`x@ [##=~} =h qzu O^~.
''D [# [~ =~} îq`= Qx, ## $tOKq H=
J##k J`x =~=<#=O. P`_ Jiz#=Q 'ì J< L`~ (Sense)K
==`_<_.
WH P`x =~=# #`# Ô `H~", x~", ~^ q~}K z`
~`", |=" "QOkOk. H#H, Wk P`x =, J#== ^$ P`x
~^= =O\k H^x QOK. P`x == '`=#= # OìOKx
L#k.

10. ~ K`#=` UHÒ ^~}

N~=_ : |s! '` =#= Jx J<~ H^! JO> Uq\?
N=+=i : XHx q+ O~=h O~OQ ~`"<#H ... JC_
z`= #tOz#^ J=Òk. JC_ +OK ^xx z` =#~= JO\~.
ZC_` z` =$u~`" uaO|`= #O_ `# aO|~=Q K`#=#
b#=Ò^ J\ aO|= H PH^$=Q x~ ` '` =#=.
N~=_ : Jk Z\, ZC_ kOk?
N=+=i : z`=$u O^ Ja=H=QK# K`#= D JO`~ [Q`
#O` x~HiOz, H=O ~=# ZC_ LO@O^ JC_ ` =#=
kOz#@. J\"_ ~`=@ ~=iH"#\ '~ z<`#=O
Hey LO\_. XH ^$OÒ K`#. ` HOKO =Ô Q=xOKQ< `#
J="# OQ, JOHeÒQ `#H b#O K O@Ok KK"! D =#
` OkOz# y D Z^~Q LO_ ==# `H"# =<Ò O_<
= ÔQ P` O^ O KO\_. ==# `# P`Q î_.
Jk = qH O|OkOz# ~_ ^$+.
D u '^=H q^=H J< Ô LO_^. D q+O XH\ ~O_
~ == ==~H~}, P `~"` _ Q~ K#.
F L=# H~}O G 529
J\ ^$+ 4,5 qH _ HQÒk. J~` Jk =qH ~_

KO^Òk. J\"xH =`# Ô^ _ "O@#O> LO@Ok. ^K J\ ^$+
*xH `H HQÒk. J*xH ZO` q< HQ^.
r=#Q =Ò` J\ ^$+ O^ LO_, D q ^~OQ,
PHO "=Q xiOQ D OKO OKi<~. "=O` J\ ^$+
J D Ò LO@<O. PHO <~^_ "^#"~, T~H
|, q+=, =~_ "^#"~ J\ ^$+< Hey LO@<~.
WH L^x q+ O H#yÔ. P`_ ~ q<H~ = Q '` =#=
H 'r=#H= # P~Oz ~|HO J =~ D '[Q` J# ~O Q
Q$O =OK_. HO`HO [iy~Ok. P `~"` P`_ '<h ^=#
`lOz q^ =_ # JQ^# QH! J< ^$_| kx O^_. P=O #O_ |î
XH ~ÒÒ K~_. JH_ Q XH \ X_# ^#O J=îOK_. H
QO =_. He=_=` Q^=# x~kOz `qk WOk^~=# O=#O
K_. z`=K |, ~, ~, ~, QO^=# UHO K $Ô K~_.
$^ Q` =$` # ~ K` # = UHO K_. H=OQ z^# ~_< _.
==Q L# HO~O ` aOK_. <H# HO~= H T~ ^ O " \_ .
<=kQ }"=# x~kOKK =K_. P`_ WC_ Ô`=` Ô`=#
$tOK@O ^. `# =<^$+x , JO`~=O^ Qh, T~, J^Q=O^
Qh, ~= "^# q+=O^Qh, #= #O^Qh LOK@^. H=O
z<`= #O^ `_ L<_.

11. =#O
}" x~Ô K` P`x ^= =# "^#q `= KOK`=#
=ê\~. WH P`_ =~_, # =Y_, z^_ |#O^#= O O^_.
P`x s~O QQ~_zOk. ~== xH_K<~. H=OQ ''JO`H~} =$u
qO J# JOK` z` =#~=# "tOK_. u aO|=# =ê,
aO|`=Q z<`=# JOK@O K` $^= #O^ |#O^=#
J#qOK_. J\ 'z` ` # J#qOK@O K`, HO` =xH `# H
L^H ~=# =~z, H=OQ `# H #Q`"# x` H~= H z`
=# ~=# O^_. J#Q, D [Q` HO`\ H P`" ~^ Jiz#
530
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
"# \ P` ` <#. J# UH`#= O O^_. qH = O` O~O Q #tOKQ,
=~_ ~`=#O^ O^_. Ju O^~=Q =YHOu` ~= qOu
O^_. ~|= q<#=K, rqOz LO_Q< ~` $+=Q x~ ^=
J=îOK_. WH P`xO^ z~H#Q`"# O~= "Ô\ ~`"#k.
zÒ edOK|_# zÒQ, ~KO^x Q aOK_. x~ ^=#
=#O O^_. ~qH~`_, xiH~_, JuO^~ =_ J_.
|H ~ O`= Q ~ Y=# `lOz"# "_ _. U "# S~"<
~ ZH_ XH Q_ ~ H =O\^Ò^ J\ "H JQK~= Q ~= #O^=# O^_.

P P#OÔ Z\k? =#O =@ UO KC HQO? P L^_ WC_ Ok#

|#O^= J=^ x^x K=K. F ~=! ~r=~ H L`"`=
H O J^. D JO`x |O_=h ^x O^ L<~. JO^K` Jk Jiq`=.
Jk D J#O`H=# _ `# @ "O KHx LOKH#Q^. Jk
kh ZC_ "Oz L#k. ~=# P^~`=, i+H= J^!
ZO` QO K` =`" L`= r=K Jk qOK|_Òk.
~"H=$ux=$uxq`-L^# ^~= Jk Jf`"#k. ^x<
'`*<#O^= Jx "Â <~. ZC_< ~, 'Wk Y= J#@
H~}= J^.
L^_ J\ ^ |= H |#O^~= O^_. P`x r== P
suQ q^`= x~, J<k |== Ok JH_ P~ < =~ L#k. P
`~"` P`xK i`lOK|_# uH^= P ~` Ô <_ J< Ò`=
Hey g}= XCK#k.
J#O`~O HO`HxH ~`H#` _# "^# =`$Q}O XH<H
x H~ f~\xH PH= #O_ P ^xH =K~. P =`$Q}O XH~#
dOd}^q P L^xK i`lOK|_# uH ^x `# Hs@ ~OQ KH#k.
=Q=uQ dOd}^q t~= O^ P L^x Ô xOzOk.

F ~"! D ^$=O`\ H O|OkOz# q"H= [xOKQ iOK P`#O^"
WOê ~O. P~OO #O_, L^x q^=H =~ Q H^#O q<=H^! Z=x
$Ô J~` WOê H^#O L`#" 'L`~`~ qH# J=îOK@ J#
~=# qiO^ J\"_ ^#_. J\"_ uq^ `=K ÒK_.
F L=# H~}O G 531
J\"_ D OzH q+=O^ OKi OKiOKQH! J~#\H

''`=, O`=, [ O`+= J< QO^=# g__. ~`==Q "H
=# `H O^`_.

12. ^#= q+}

N=+=i : F ~=! =#O 'L^x q^=H OQO KCH# qÔQ
h= q"H=, "~Q=, =^ JO` _# "_" Z\> qiOK.
P`` P` QiOz KHQ qK~}K '"H ~|= #O^ qOu O^. D
^$=O` LqOK|_ P`^= H J#=O ~_ =~ ^ ^ J<H
H}= #O_ qK~} H#yOKe.
N~=_ : =`! 'qK~} J#Q q x~K# "q\ OHOQ KO_.
N=+=i : 'qK~} JO> - =# L`= |k` q#@O... z` ^#=,
P``` ij#... Q~"H=O^ qO... P`== #=H=, ^=Q##
OOkOKH=@O... WOk=# x~kOz P`#=O" `~eOK@O
Z=iH< ~, ''"~Q=, P` zO`<=, "Ô` =}=, P`
sH, Q~"H q=, WOk xQ=, [ J# H==K |^=
`H K~Q^.
XH_ ~=# `lOz H=O [# =`" P~, XH [K _
|^= aOk.
h |k *#H" , Ju fH" Jq^HO H~ `" LO_\xH ~ q^ L
P~OK. XH" '"~Q= "^# =y H=K QH J~< _
fH"# |kx Ok JO^ x`=Q |= +=Q H@# HQ^.
N~=_ : =s! q~ `, q+`, =~=#= D~_ L<~. q
#=i ~O_ J_QK<#.
1. XH " ==~ ``~_ LO@<, =~H" =k`x =, qOu
O^K#\ *x Z=~< L<~?
2. XH_ XH UHO` O =k x==# J#+OKK<_#HO_.
=~H_ =kx+_ _, ==~``~_ D [<=o =^ OKi<_#HO_.
D Wî +_=_`_?
532
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
N=+=i : ~=! J '=k JO> Uq@x h=#O@<" KC.
N~=_ : ''Q} =^ ~" # D ^$O K=O` J<` Jx Q OK@O.
J@ iHOK@ K` JO`H~}O j`Ò O^Òk. J\ u '=k Jx K
|_Ò^x < JaO.
N=+=i : D ^$=` =# O|OÔ ZO^ U~_Òk? =# LO_@
K`< H^! ''J\ =<O|O^"# ^n P`Q < ^ Jx x~~OKH#
`~"`, ~H=_ _ XH_ ==~~_QK<_. =~H_ UHO`= #O^
O`_QK<_.
"i^~ JO`H~}O ~H=. H#H W^~ Y=O`! ZO^HO>, ~
`^<^ JOu= eÒ Uq\?... JO`H~} j``"!
XH_ XH UHO` Ô =kx P~OK_#OÔ!... Hh P`x JO`
H~}O =Ò J<H JO`H~} =$`K KOK=QK#^#H ... P =k z"x
QO` =O\^ H^! J\HO_ =~H_ J<H q+~O~ =^ Ò_=#$Ò
K LO_Q P`x z`= =Ò "<~`" LO@ LO> P`x =#u XH
|^x UHO` =ku` =#" J=Òk.
JO^K` ~=! ==~``~_Q *x, J~}O UHO`x P~Oz# *x
- W^~ XH>#! "i~=~ O ~ `=Q |=# Ok#"~ JQK<~.

XH<H_ XH H^ qO@<_#H... Hh, P`x JO`~OQ H L^=

O|OkOz# =Yz` qQO =~H_ OQ"#^x J#OÔ... JC_`_
P H^ O|OkOz# ` Y^Y=# `# O^`_? ^. J\Q, "#
#tOz# `~"` D z`= H x~i<, 'x~iOKxkQ, J#Q, JH~Q
LO_QQÒk.
WOHH ^$OÒ q#. XH_ `# JOQ=# HÔ_ K~`_
xî<_#H... Hh, J`x z`= Qu _`#@Q H HO\O^#OÔ
... JC_`x z`=
O^#` '_ =@ J# H~ $`= J#q LO@Ok...
H K` kOQ qq#\H _... # "#` _#
z`= =#K U~_# OH` H~ JQK#k.
z`= H JH~ $`" z`= H =k. Jk H=b==_. Jk
~=Y=. qOu.
F L=# H~}O G 533
J~< XH . ''^#=-J^#=, =kJ=k ...J# |=#

^xx ^$+ @x KCK<~? s~=# ^$+ LOKH<? H< H^. s~=
H^ =K, H^H =K. zÒ H KOK`JKOK`=< 'J=k=k
Jx <~. H|\ ~"! h= "<~`=K J\ z`=# JO~~Ò
Ke. "<~`=` _# =#< ~`= H J#=OQ QOK.
Jk ^#=, H=b ==, =k _. "<~`=Q =# J`#`=Q
| ^=# î fQ^. P u "HO. #"#` _# z`=
~H~H H~ $`=# Hey#^QK#k. P H~ $`= ^~ ^Y=h =z
=Oy@ "K<~. Wk QOz h= "## H;`~= K~.

'=k J# ^xH =~H " #O_ x~K#O q#-

[Q` ^= "^#"\` =""# D ^$= #O^ ''Wk <#, Wk
<k J# ~= Q JOH~==H~= U~_K<~. "\ #O_ WK,
=, H= Lù J=K<~. ''<k J##k z`= #O_ "Ô@ `yOK
|_`, J\"x P` O`_Òk. J\ Où =k.
H#H ~=! J\ =k H J#= = #O^, D H~ K @O, K H=@O
XH `H"# q+" H^x h= QOKe. = ^~= @ 'J" ==
J# Ja=#=# `lOz, P `~"` WH h Ja=`~O KiOK.
XH HO_ UHOÒQ LO_. ^... Q$_" ==~=# x~iOK.
~O_ h XH> J=`~.
U Q$_` JOH~k ^+=# #tO* =` zÒ OkOK
O\_ J\ Q$O P`xH x~#Ôx P=O` =#" J=Òk. =`
^$+ Hey, x` J~Hu Ok#\ h=O\ =` Q$= XH>, J~}=
XH>. PH= "^# OK`= ^$ 'Wk Q$= Wk J~}= J#
`_ ZH_#k? 'z`= J< =HO 'O`= J# ` OkOKHx
L#"xH [# ==K ""# #Q~O _ x~# =#". ~Qk =$`K
qH= O^K# z`= Q =_# x~# =#O _ J<H [# =~=
=K~=` xO_# #Q~=QK#k.

534
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
13. z` qzH`
D O~ r=x z`= xO_ J<H ~Q, ^+, =` _# q+ ~O ~
xH" L<~. q+=h ~, JC_ "<c[= =`" qye, z`=
+ ^# O^Òk. WH "< c[O _ `y`, P z`= O`="
LO@Ok. P O`=z`" "HO O^Òk. JO` Qh, q+ ` z`=
Z\ O^Òk?
Wk QOz, ~=! P Uk, Z@ Lz`=#O\" J\Q PKiOK. =k
O^#\ ^+ P`# ~^~=, q+=, O@# Jf`"#kQ
QOKK<_. `# ==~=#O^ L#C_ P` ~ ^~= ~=Q
L#@ QOKK<_. Z=x@ ~Q ^+= #tOz`, Z=xH =
^~= |=Q, =~=Q Hx J\ qH~`_ '=k
`_ J#|_`_.
qO@<" ~=! =~ XHi H\ <#. =` z`= *Q`x
=x P ="=#, ~ ^$ ==~=# |~= Q<
gHOKK#k. ^+ O KKq ^+ HO> "~#k H#>, *Q` ^+
_ *Q` KKk P *Q` ^+ "~#^n H^. *x JO`~Y"# =#
H"_ `# xk#C_, "x L#C_, #_KK#C_, è# èx
^ L#C_ ''D `@ |_K#Ô` P`~_#Q < ~" Jx
QOz LO@<_. ZO^HO\"? }H@ K`, $kq "^# OK`=
K` xO|_ L# D ^$[Q` JO`~Y^$+ Q"xH q+" H^. WÔ` P`xH
ZO^ LHiOKH, ^ #~=< O^K#k.

^$=# O|OkOz# ~ ^, ("\H O|OkOz# H=, H^, = )
LqOz#C_ JO`H~}O j`Ò (Calmness & Tranquility) K@KO@Ok.
J\"_ ~~` O``# îOKQ_.
J# $`<O ^=^=O [Q` I
=`d[#<O ^#^ `" II ( 34, ~ 56)
WH `k`~ O~r= JO`~OQO '`$+ J< Jy* U~_ LO_@O K`
"iH D [QÒ` ^"yK xO_ L#@Q =i, ^=" Ok. JO`
H~}O U qÔQ LO> [Q` P suQ< J#==Òk.
F L=# H~}O G 535
z`" =# [Q` Q O KK#^x *# Ziy L<~. D JOìHO ,

$kq, "=, PH=, ~`=, #^, k W=h JO`H~}= H
qq^ ~H=# O^# qQ= J~LO_, =# `KK<~. z`= x^
" LO_^.
=]K@ #O_ =] q` |^~K#@ `~=Q P` O^ Q
D [Q` =Q QKiOk. ^~xH Ug_ =# Qx, JO`~=#
Qh =. JO` ~"## J#iOK r=# J#===@O [~QÒk. XH
z# _c LOK|_ HiH "# P K@H "Oz LO@#@, # Q
P` `` " =# [Q^H~=Q OKK#k. J#Q P` q`=K
=# [Q^=Q#, JO`~=# JOH~~=Q# iOKK#k.
J~`, XH =Yq+O. =# D [Q` Qx, JO`~=# JOH~O
Qh, P` H^. Jk "# U ~= H^. P ~O_\ O^ J#`" L#
q ~=Q <`" Jk. P` `# H POìH=Q z`= U ~"#`
Hey L#^ `^#~" |~YOQ `k`~ [Q`# QOKK#k. D *Q`
"#K $Ô =< ~[=# _ QOKK#k. = #O^,
JO`~O #O^ _ J#`" L# ^=Q P` #O_ D [Q` J#^x =#O
"~ K=, JC_ [Q` J#|_k =$`" J=Òk. J@ "~ K#O`
HO D , JO`~= `Q< `Q=. JOH~, ==H~= 'J^ K
^~ J, JkH ^= QiOz# = HQ`< LO@Ok. JO^K` ~
^ Jf`= JO K LO_e.
=<"kK x`_QK# r=# D PHO, q, ~`=, #^, k
...W=h PkuH Pk^qH PûH `=# HQ*< LO@<~. =<
"k `Qk Z\?
`~u~"# ~#~x H I
# = ~HO =` LK` II ( 43, ~ 56)
Z=_` JO`~=# PÒ^ =`" u Hey LO\_, JO`\ <`=Q
P`< gH LO\_ J\"_ D ^$=# @|__. J\"_ H~Ok=K
H X#~K#\H ~ H= =_H_. WH, J`_ '=k`_ Jx
JxOKO\_. O`|kHe y, JO`\ P`# QOKK, WH OzH ^~=
QiOz HOKH, "\x `KH LO_"_ =k~ _. J\ u H Ki#\ =h_
Lù q<#H=Q D [Q`H Qux gH, JAO^ ^" LO@# D
JO==`k ^$+# Kz #=O@ LO\_.
536
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
=k |k - ''~H~}= H~@= uaOaOK@O [~QK#C_
JH_ "O_fQ L#@ = HQ=K QH! Jq " Qh "O_fQ Z
J=`~? `Q` "= ~=Q Q < O^ D JOH~, ==H~=
Qh, `k`~ [## =~}k qH~= Qh LO_*=. <# ~^ JOQ_#.
J^ ` ~_#. @_#. =~=Q |=< <#. J##^ =k |k.
H|\ P`x @ r=u, JOH~=, ^$=, [Q` "^# qQ= LO_=.
=# LO_^. P =# K H# LO_=. ~` ~_Q J\ *x =`"
LxH Hey#"_ JQK<_. WH `H#"~ x"~ J=`~. J\ =î PH=
= K_ LO\_.
N~=_ : =s! =îH q` q Z\ LO\~?
N=+=i : J\ =î PH= = K_ LO\_. [O Q#, =Ô
Q# H#= H~H , tK~= Jq~^"# H X#~K
LO\_. ~, H^ qH~= Z^~ _#C_ t, H = KeOKH O`
=_ LO\_. ~r=# `#= K LO\_. =OQ< ~ ^==#
=\Q_ = K_. J\"x ^$+ i J~# ^$+.
J*x - J*x ^$+ Z LO@O^ _ K`#. WH_ =~=, S~=
"^# "\x P`_ q^~=Q QOK_. h, ^=Q QOK`_...
Jn ^. P`xH ^#=" #C_ ^=Q Z\ QOK`_? *x
=`" D ^~ *=# q^~=Q#, ^=Q# _ QOKQ_.

L`== Hey, |^=# Ok#"_ ^##_ H=K. H S~

=O`_ H=K. P`xH `, |O^= LO_=K ... LO_H=K. OzH"#
J^ u O^=K ... O^H=K. Uk U"#\H P`_ =Ò =~_,
~H=K, =K P@OH~K|_*H ^`ÔQ U~_ LO@
LO\_. J\"_ J<H Q=` [#` xO_ L# Q$= #O^ L<... H
~ Qq~` _ [#~ `" # HH~}O UHOÒQ L<... HH, =#^ x f="Q= #
O^` =^#~`_ L<... |~OQ Ô #$Ò K L<... ^,
~=# i`lOz [\î J~ ~`Q ` K =#=`_ L<...
^, KO^#= "^# QO^ ^== XO\H J^Hx # e L<...
P HH H~=O^ x=Q" L<... `# *#= H |eqK ^x K`
`H|_O_ LO\_. ZO^HO>, P`_ =## qH~ ~ÒQ LOKO\_.
F L=# H~}O G 537
=<^= O^ P`_ JOH~=# P~OKH=@O K`, P`_ Uk X#~

K#\H X#~x"_ J~ LO@<_. |OQ~= |~^ _#O` =Ò K`
Jk `# [^=Q H=# =Ô@O^? ^!
WH J*#O\"? " q+= q#C_ "# OOkOK
O@<~. J*# "#` WOk=# J*# =~O Ly ... WOH
WOH OiH ^$+#, O~# JkHO KO@<~. Q=#\ |,
~, ~, ~, QO^= "i =#`= `#O K~<~.
H|\, qA_#"_ D H#|_ == QiOz i J~# J=Q# Hey
LO_e. JC_ P`x @ ~== `=O`@ `" HH=OQ q~. ''J<H
== ` H J==K z`= #Oê HOH=h OQ #t~.
N~=_ : q! J "# Z U~_K<~?
N=+ =i : JOH~, ==H~= J^ K`< '"# J#|_ J#~O U~_Òk.
e`"q\? P#O^" ~=Q Q D r=x rq`=O` J<H s`# ^
Y= P""Ò^! JOH~O #tOzO^... *#O `#O`@`< OQ
qHOk. J\ *# =OK` JO`H~}O =Ò L^~Ok. XH_ pH\
"`\ `_# `H 'J= Jx J~z, Q_Q_ =}K<_#H.... ''Jk =
H^, `_ Jx è` qH~h =@==`~H^!
H|\ ~=! *#= OkOz, `^~ ^x`# O|O^= x"_" LO_.
`~u û ^û Au" I
#`[ #``* =-H~` H~`" II
Uk K<, l<, W<, =O K<, *xH "\` Qx, "\H
*x` Qx O|O^" LO_^. Jn K=`~O! P`xH P H~ K@O, KH
=@O XH>. ~* xH H~ K Qh, H~ H J=OK Qh, [#"=O@Ok
KC? P`_ Jx Ò^ P` *#=K P` O^ O`_ LO\_. QO_t
_# q` "O^? *x H JO`H~}= #O^ H~ [xOK=. P`x O^
U^k [xO^ JÔ` [=Oê `~OQ= = P`x ~" (P` ~") J~
LO@Ok? WOH ~ K>H_? F ~"! D |O_=O` *x H ~".
P`_ |O_~" J=`_. ZO^HO> ... ^~xH D [Q` ^, H,
= H$`=Q qQ=O@ Un ^. WH_ J#== =>q@O\"? H=Q
H# W@ D suQ =i # ^x Q OK. *xQ L`= ~+_ Ju=#=,
UH~=, ~^ ` |O^~`= JQ <`~_ LO\_.
538
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
*xH, ~=` ^"q ^. J*#= J#|_k = =`". H#H
J*x ''ZH# U=~z# ~=` HH =iOHq H^.

14. J^ x~O
N=+ =i : F ~~=! P` HH" JO`\ "K#k. Jk
J*# H~}O K` ''JOH~= =*= ^H=.. "^# q+=`
_# [Q`Q q~` OìOKO@Ok.
'J#=O J##k P`H q<". =}= H =}`#=O ...
K H =^~#=O... t H Hi<#=O.... ~`= H
Q~`#=O... l= H ~z`#=O... =$H= H Y`#=O...
PH= H #`#=O... JOH~O, O_, Q_, s~=, P=~= ...
"^# ~`#=O... JO` _ P` H 'J#== J#|_ q~"
=!
*# ^$+K z^= `\ ~^~= J^" kOk. P` H
#`#=O JOH~O Q#, P JOH~=K k# ^~*O Q# H\ `
=Òk. J*# ^$+H =`" z`= z` HO> "~# ^x = ^$=#=Òk.
P` H K`#= ^~ HeQ ` ~#=" =Q JOH~~OQ
U~_Òk. P H#|_^xx =#O 'z^_ Jx JO@<O.
KK"! JO`~` `# H= H J#==K =$uÔ K` a# =
*=Q z^= O^ J#Q`" LO\Ok. =Q `# qiOz, `#K
U~_ L# K@# `# J#"#^x = QOKK#k. JOH~=Q Pq~q#k.
Jk P` O^ P` H z` (Awareness) ~"! Jk 'JO`H~}= J#
=~H\ Q H= =i<~. JO`H~}=O` P`.

^~xH P` ^~~OQ Un JQ@^. h~ `~OQOQ#, P=~OQ#,
|^Ô Q#, U"< =iÒ^! h~ ~^ h~Q< LO\Ok H^! ...J\Q,
P` H< a#OQ =~H ^~"n OqOK^.
P` PkOK `y#\ =~H>n ZH_ U~_*^. qH~= O^\xH
P` a#" "~H>n ZH_ ^. ''P`K O^|_K#k J##Ô` Q_e
~O_= =~x = O`# ^~x "HO.
F L=# H~}O G 539
P` [xOK^. =~}OK^. Jk s~O`~`", s~= =O^ "#H,

s~=O# |@ JO`\ XH f~Q ~^ "K#k. J`
JQ D [QÒ` PÒ^ OKK#k. J#Oì~*# ~=Q ~=`
UH~=#< L<_. `#O^ `< [Q`~OQ#, `k`~ ~~-<=-
``=Q# u Hey<_.

F ~"! W\=~ <# KCK# ^xx J#iOz ''JOH~=#,

[Q`# ^"q ^ Jx x~OK|_Òk H^!
XH J``= ` O H\ < #. q#. "" xH z`= Qh, z`= H"_Qh,
[Q` J#|_ q==Qx =. = L# =~O XHi Py=#@, ^ <`
*#= K D [Q` =#= O^Q^. J#Q h= *x"<".... h ^$+ D
[Q` XHH}O O_ Q^. [O `~OQ ZOÔ@<~? ["
`~OQQ JQOK@O [~QÒk H^!
P [= H ^=`=OK`< H^! =qQ D~_ =K
P=$`"# ''[~x*` O^ D r=^# O^K<_. J#Q Uq\?
''<# r=_# ... Wk [Q` J# ~=Q == P D~_ `#`# `#O^
HeOKHx# =K QOz, J#qOKK<_. J\ J#==# QOKK#\
=O ''<# D ^$==~=# =Q ~K~`<<#. H#H D
H#|_ ~ =# << D~_#. ~ ^ ~_ # J< q+ O iQ U=~KK<_.
ZO`\ K=`~O! U qÔQ J~` [=#O^ ^=`=, "=#O^
KOK`= L<, J^qÔQ [=`_Q D~xO^ JOH~=
^= H= "^#=h L<~. D~~_ JQ D r=_ XH "#O_
'<# D~_# J# ==K P=~}= (Limitation)Qh, iK^= (Partition)Qh
#\ `# x~u#O^ *#=# Z~QK< L<_. J~`, =~HK@ =~H"#,
JOH~=OK` '<# r=_# J# ~=Q r=== O^K<_. J\
r===K D OK`, }, WOkÔ^ q+O|O^=Q 'J^ Hey
LO@<_. J\ =O ''D ^" <#. D ^=# J#==QK#" <
ik... Jx qOKK<_. J~`, D OHe` iq` ^~= ? H<H^.
JQ@ g ^ _.
J*x P H~"# K`#, ^~#, k Q "z`=K`#
"^ " ^ ==~= K`# J<H ^$+ ~ O ~ # `#O^ Hey LO@<_.
540
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
`$ O^x ` ZK>K\H "o "`K<_. J~` XH_ *x H=K...
J*x H=K. Z~Q|_K# "z`=O` Ja#=Q P`K`< x~iOK|_K#^x
QOK. D~_ WKH== J#Q}OQ `# JOQ=# P~=Q
i}qO*<_x Q=xOK.
~=~u - F ~=KO^! D [QÒ`\ H Jk#"# ~=` H
*#" ~=~ u. ~r= r=#= ^xH Jn#"#^.... J\ ~=#O^
~" D r=x ~O. K=, Q~^= HiOKKO_Q ZC_`
r=_ D Ò Q_ JC_H ''D H Q= ~O_\ H Jk#O
z^=Q P` ... Jx ` H Q < _. WHC _ r=, D~ ^ " =#k?
ZH_#k?
''D~_ OH= PkH` K` r=_QK<_. r=_ OH, PH HO
K` D~_QK<_. r=, D~ Ô #>, D~_, |=# Ô ^.
J#Q, O`"... JYO_", i~" |= =`" +OKK.... Jk ~
"=~" HtOKK#k.
^[#O... H` [#O - H|\ ~=! D [QÒ` |". ''J\
|= O`= ... [##~`=... UH= ... J<k... ~H~=
... P#O^H~=... q+z~`= J##k =# W\ =~ [iy# K~
H ~O=. D [Q` H O`~=# kOK@ H~ kOK"~=Q
"= Hx ^~=Q |*=# P~OK@O `@O ^.
H~K ^ H [#= H~ ''=#, |k, JOH~=, z`=,
r=_, D~_... "^# |*O HeOK|_ÒkH^! D |*=O` ^
[#= H~H Qx, H` [#=H~ H^x h= QOK. h= W=h
qO@<, Q`QH}O ^~ JYO_~~"#\ 'FO H~= H H~=#
QOK.
P H~O x`, J~H z<`" J~ L#k. Jk =#Oî "= ~=x
K` u H\ < #. J^ =O J~, =O^, "#H, =^ O^ PHqOz#k.

F L=# H~}O G 541
VIII. ~=O_=~^
O"Ô
1. ~ JO`~^#O
N=+ =i : F ~=KO^! =K, Q~=K LyOK|_K# ''r=_
D~_ =# |k JOH~= "^# |= ^$+ JO` t+
Jkf= UH= JYO_= JQ P` q+O kOK\xH HeOK|_K#k.
D q+O qnHiOK Q ''~~A, =O_= =i, ~^_ J# =Qi
=^ [iy# XH ~`#"# O"^= K`# .....q#.

'H= J# ^ = tY~O OH~Q"#x x"" XCK#k. P
~` OÒ XH K@ XH H~` ~[O L#k. JH_ P@q J_= OKi
~^H=, WO^#= (H>), = OkOz, `k`~ ^= qH~
rq` Q_` LO\~. P ~[=# XHC_ '~_ J<"_ e LO_
"_. '=[@ J##k P`x =~H ~. ~ _ q" ~ x`#, *#=
|$u`#, H= `^ HK~x`# =#_x [# J#O@
LO_"~. P`_ [# H#a_= e LO_"_. ^+[# q+O =Ò
H=x = OOQ LO_"_. JH_ ~*OQx J#iOz ÔQ
q+O, `k`~ Oq^ q+O Ju~OQ tH J= ~ LO_
"_. ''xQ J#Q P`xH J`_ \ Jx JO^~ J#O@ LO_"~.
P ~ KHO P H~`~[O U_. HO`HxH *#O#_Q P`x
$^ O XH #`# "^# ~O" # k. ''J! <# x~
Q tH J=~ < <!
Wk O J=Òk H^! tH J=~K @ C_ "i ~^#O H~H ~ ~OQ LO@#^!
~r=~ P Q=O`x ~ H^! D kOK@O ZO` =~ LzÒ? Jx
`# `# =^#_` LO_"_. Hx ~A J\ Q_K~. XH~A ~u qOu
Q$O =oOz LO_Q P`x JO`~ =^#O WOH JkH"#k.
~ (`#) : J! <# JkH~O L#k H^ Jx, J<H =Okx ^d`#Q
K<<? ~} ^Y= <=O\^ H^! JO^K` < ^Q~ L# ^#=O`
JOîH Oz" JC_ îHO LO_^ . JC_ O q^ LO_H =KH^!
L\ Ô_#` UO [#O?
542
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
J! x~Q tH J= ~KH` [# J^~=$u #tOK^. J=
iz` r=# OOK@" J=Òk. UO K e? D ~[O U x ZO` hK" # k?
~AQ L#O` HO =^ O^<k ==~O `@@^. h ~[O =k^=!
~[O J~KH=Ò^# H~}OQ D =O`, < *u P@qH [ ## =k@@
~? gOîh ÒKHx <<H_H "Q#? < =~ ZkQ=~ ~[=OO
@@O K` D ^~O Jx"~O. ^#O OK\xH =O` XCH~. < PK# qx
" H# #=K<~. WC_ < `= Uq\?... W\ Pz P ~Ò`
# O_ Q__.
J`x ~[# }=O K` H, P =~_ LÔ =O_= =i P
`= x t+` P O`xH ~=@O [iyOk. =*x, Hq^_
JQ P =i QiOz q#@O K` ~~A "x PxOz PuÔ WK_. P
=ix, "i t+# `# =` O`+\_. =ix `# =Ok~xH PxOz
UHOÒQ P#` O+OKQ_.
~ ~A : =s! =O_"! `= ~HK <# Jx~Kh"# ~=Oux
O^K<#. ^"xH ~A HxH~OQ q xÔ < aOzOk. qO\
=h H$~=$+ iOK\xH Q#, <# ZC_ UO }O K< U"!
^"! ~ ^~ *! q = J#HH` <# XH O =# x=$u K =x
"_HO@<#. q=O\ =h` O~O Oz# `~"` ==O\ O~
r= ^Y=#O `H HQQ^x ^ "HO. ^Y= H ``= Ziy#
O_` ''O" ^Y= H =#O Jx KC`~ H^! q! <
O"q\ q#O_.
<# ~AQ ^+# ~OQ Ô_OK ==Ok. =iHOîx J#QOK
= =Ok. D Ô_#, J#Q=# x~iOK qkx~} < q+= ^$+
OOk Hh =^$+ H^. =^$+K =`" r=_ "H=~xH J~_`_x
"H= +<~. =i W\ i` <O^ =^$+ H K<
Z\ L^qOKQ" <H~==@O ^. J<H ~A #O_ D q+" < JO`~
O~} [~QÒk. < k`K@O ^. D ~[O =ê ZK@H i"x,
=^$+H U"< ` K H"x J<H ~ J#<#. J~` WH_ ~[=OO
^ H_< \#O^ <# ~AQ LO_H `C@^. ZH_H i`, JC_
<# ^~= `#"_< J=`<"#x _ < OÔ!
WC_ UqK@O Lz`" `=~ P#u=O_. q~ Lz`=x JO>,
W\HC_ q t+_< ~= i`lOz =K\xH _ <# ^". WC_
F L=# H~}O G 543
Uk Lz`", Jk q~ P*OK=x "_O@<#. < ^` =z`"#

=~O KO_. D '~[Ô_# =O\ ~ H# <# H#yOK#. < ^`
## P*OKO_.
=O_==i : F ~*! h =# JÒ K` JÒ OkO^. D s~x
<^ U qÔ Q ^ o "^# "\x `y , =## _ P`=K~=,
x~ ~ (P`) ^#= =O\ `=K u~A x~#O K~OKe. h=
`lOK=#k `lOK=#O`Q `lOK^. P~Oz LO_=#k `y#O`Q
P~OK@O ^. JO^K`< h =# J= zHx "^# KO^Òk.
x[O J#qOk.
~ : q! D =# H JÒ `Qk Z\?
=O_==i : JO^ ZC_ =_ q^=# `=# P~OKe-
1. =# U~~KHO@# ~Q=# `yOz Z\HC_ "~QO` xOe.
2. H~ [#= @ U~_ 'P= # x~kOz, ''H~ `Q=
H ''H~=# Q=O`xH =~} K@ J# `Q=# JOKe.
3. P`*#~O`= '=}=, =##= "^# L# J#iO_e.
=# U~_ OÒ 'qK~} K jOQ LqOKQ^.
D `, , [#, ^< ^ U" L<~?... < s~O K@K Hx =iOKK#
D WOk=` < U~_K# O|O^= Z\k ?... D =<|kJOH~=
~O Z\k ?... WO`H < <=ix?... D [Q` ZH_#Oz U qÔ Q < Ok?...
Z\ LqOk?... D [## =~}= Z\ HQK<~?
F ~*! =#K q+ QQ qK~} Ke. J\ f=, n~qK~}
K` h= '~=`= # O^`=. hH ` ==# ZQ@K WH D
Y, ^Mk ^ h z`=# _=#O K=. JC_ h =# [Q`
~=# q_z ''~^ kOz L# ^Y ~`=Q | ~= #
OìOKO@Ok. JC_k [=O^ `~OQOQ `# `< qOKQ^. Jk
r=#H ==~=#O^ =~` O^Qey#C_ =e#~= =ê ~~
``~~O O^QQÒk.
hqC_ ^$=# Oî< = H^! ZC_` h= P`# Oî", WHC _
HQ |"^#"~ _, a_ Ò_H$ H~HO@#@, h H$#
H~O\~. JO^K` q"H[ x`" # *#=K h= P`# J=HOK. JC_ 'PH=
544
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
=^= "~~`= =O\ =`~ ^~= _ J~ ^`= h"
J=`=. ZO^HO> =Ò` P`` H Pn#" J~ L#k. P`*#=K
=`= <Ok# `~"` WH z`= D O~= #O^ =#Q^.
Q^[O (P= y@K U~_# QO@x [O) U#Q =#QÒ^? Z
=#QÒk? ...Hh, P Q^[O tk"# JOQ= Q XH ^= Q h
=# '^$ O~ = J< O~ Q^[O zO\Ok. Jk J<H hK^$ + #,
J=Q##, Ja=# Hey LO_ ^$ ==~O "tOk.
D =# `# O^ "## Hey LO\Ok. JO^K`< ^$= #O^
PH~ }qH~ } `_#O O^Òk. JO^K` F ~*! 'O *u~O J~#\
'P`=`#=O +OK =~ h= JO` `l =O^.
|OQ~ Qx xK"_ |OQ~O aOK =~ Qxx k< LO\_
H^! PÒ HeQO` =~ P^` =# qK~} K< LO_e.
''= ~ |k... P`|k - =~ |k ~ J#~= H~}=Q
K#k. J\ =~ |kx L`= |kK i ~ K e. x~=QK# |k O`
H=OQ D ^$= #O`\ h i`lOz "e. JC_ h K`< h 'P` J# ~
O K~Òk. J\ HO_ U^ XH K@ Hx q+= =Ò `l
PÒ Z K~Òk?
h= Hx q+=# =^`, =iHx q+=# Pî LO_@
K`< h W\ _=#u U~_Òk. <<! =~ KCK<# -
=`~O # O`HO `=^` # ` I
~=i`Q + Pù H^` II ( 44, ~ 58)
= ^~= `lOK|_#O` =~ P`#= HQ^. ~=#
i`lOK@K, JC_ hO^ Uk +O^ J^ 'P` Jx K|_Òk.
D == HH rq`" K_...! WH_ XH L`= ==# OÔ> Hx
==# `lOK= =Ok. =# OzH == q+" W\ LO>,
WH PÒ QiOz "~ K? ~ `QO HO_, Hx =ê =iHx\x
@x LO> P` Z\ aOk? JO^K` ~, J# q+= H~H H~=#
x~iOK@O - J<k i`lOz, ''~`= P`= H~H Ke. JC_
=#A_ J^xx `H O^`_. J\ HH` ... O^_.
JO^K`, '`=H#= H~ ~= `lOKe. LO J^H>.
F L=# H~}O G 545
[Q` - ([...Q`) [x ... Qu LO_Ô` '[Q` J# ~` ==iOK

|_Òk. D [Q` =~=#OQ h= O^K# ~=#... Jk QuOK
h" ^xx `lOz#"_" LO_.
h# ~= `lOKK !... ~= `lOz# `~"` _ U^` WH h=
`lOK@ g H^, J^ ~=^=x WOHHi H\ <#. J\ ~=^=#
Jk~Oz, J@ D [Q` bq<kQ, H_qiQ q<kOK.
~_ : =s! Jb [Q` J#|_k U =^~=K `~K|_Òk?
N=O_==i : D [QÒ` H~ H~} ="#k. WÔ` _ <``
O^ H#K U~_ LO\Ok. '` #O_ |_e, P ` a#"# ^x =
~O Hey LO\Ok.
h= ` ~_=. H#H, hK K_|_Ô` h~" J~, h a#"#
^x = h O Ok. "" xH WÔ` h Ja#O. J\ h a#" O KÔ `
(JxOKÔ`) h= `lOK. JO^ H~}=QK# hOê = P*<x
_ <#O K~.
h =<~"#Ô` hK hO^ ~Oz"|_ QH! O H|_K#
=# `z` ~=# O^K#k. h =# ~OKk h ~= #O^ =!
=# ~OKQ +OKk Uk? UH~ |".
UH~ |= WH J#==`" Hx, Jk ^+`= H^. ^+`= x
K@ ^+ _, ^$O ^. Y^M, H~ JH~= #|_=h LO_< LO_=.
h JOu `y=@ Jk J``= =~O.
<# K`, L^tOKK#^q\ Jk qK~}K h= `H QOKQ=.
K# K~. qK~}K~. WH "= "o=O. "?

W@ eH =O_==i ~ ~A#, P`x [# Pj~kOz, JH_

#O_ `= }x H#yOK~. ~ ~A "iH g_ K, P `~"`
XH<H UHO` Ô K~_.
JH_ ^<#_ UHQzÒ` qK~} ~OaOK_.

546
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
2. WO`H < <=~?
~~A (JO`~OQO) : `lOK=#k `lOK=#O`Q `lOK^x =i
< Q~ K~. qK~} WOH H#yOK=x P*OK~. ^xx QiOz qK~}?
D Q `[= x~i# '<# QiOz H^!
WO`H <<=_#? - H~`~[O U~_ L# D ~`=, ~` OÒ <<?
H^. W=h =# L<~ H^! ...<# D ~`=# H^. D ~`= <k
H^. J\Q D [Q` <# H^. D [Q` _ <k H^. <# D <# H^...
D < <k H^.
D H~` ~[= _ <# H^. ZO^~ ~A D ~[=# eOK~.
=iOHO^~ eOK#<~. H#H 'D ~[= <k J##k J"=". H=O ~
[# =uOK@K` =`" <h ~*xH ~[#. H< =Ò K`< '~AQ
D ~[O <^ J< =~H"# =# HQÒk. D '~A J< OHÒ `l
JC_ <# WH_ ^xH O|OkOKx"_# J=`#. WH_ ~A` U~_ =Ou
[ =H[# ` ~[O|O^= _ <# O|OkOKx "_# J=`#.
J=! OH `=K WO`=~ U~_ #, HeOKHx# 'OH ` O|OÔ
H=OQ < ^$+ Ô #O_ `QÒk.
@O|=K <# iq`_#"_<? - ~, WH D 'Q*=, @O|=
q+xH =Ô. W=h <"? H=. WOê OîH "~"~ P, rq`
H = LO_ LO_Q, 'g~ <"~ Jx <# qOK@"q\? < @O|,
$` <` HeÒ|OÔ Hey LO@<~. JÔ` "="\ J=Òk?
O^~#zÒQ W=h =~, K~ KO^K<~ H^?
<# s~=<? - K`, H "^#"\` _# D Ô [_=#\
=O=, Z=H "^#q _ L<~. Hh <# D ^=x `k`~
qQ= = XH [_==<?
'Wk W@ Jx Q OKQ QK# <# [_" \ J=`#? h H=O L#\H
h "~, H=O "~ H^! [_=Q ~H=OJ` _# D s~=#,
K`#=Q < O|O^"\ LO@Ok? Wq Z#\H <q H=. D H~Ok=
<# H^.
<# Q= O|OkOz#"_<? - D Q= <<? Z\ ? Q=
=# J#== H^? D Q= KqK# WOk= _ <#
F L=# H~}O G 547
H#. Jq <q H=. J\Q [_=`= q^ ~OQ HxOK |k "^#q

_ <# H^.
<# =<~_<? - ~ O~ ^+= ="#\ =## <<?
J, =# JO> Uq\? =##= J# H H^! =# J# ^xH H "#
LxH ZH_#k? H|\ =# Qx, |kQh, JOH~= Qh, <# H^. D
=_ JO`H~}= H uH~=.
D qÔQ qKiOKQ D ^= "^Hx WOk= =#
|k=~ Q Ug <# H^x Ju+OQ èÒk.
<# "_<? - WH qyeOk D "= (Relationship)` _Hx L#
K`#_Q D r=_ H^? J~` '<# XH r=_# Jx J#H#K# <# J\ r=
== ~OO H=\xH =O^ LO_=<#.
u\ (Three - Dimensions) - 1. `H#K#"_ (Perceiver), 2. è|_
K#k (Object), 3. èq / `H#@ (Perceiving) ... u\H H J~# =~H^xK
u\ Z~Q|_K#k. JO^K` =HQ` =` (The Perceiver or Knower) P` H
^~ ~= H<~^.
=O_= =i ''~=# `lOK=! Jx P*OK~ H^! H#H HK
ZQ|_K# =` " =# _ `lOz" < #. Jq <# H#C_ "\x
`l <Hq #+O? Uq H+O?... 'W=h <q H=, <# H^ Jx Q=x KH^!
J=#.. WC_ +Oz# qH, OH ~`=Q q^K`#=Q P`< <#.

P! ZO` P~O! <# W`~O _ P`# ~^ Ok L<#! Hh,
x`H`=# =ke <# r=_#... <# H# Jx J#O@ Ô \ # "x
= WO`HO =i<#.
ZC_` ~ =# H ~_# <# Jx Q~ K H<<, =~H} O L`= =Q
~~_# JQK<#. Wk < ZO` Y^"# q+O! J#O`~_Q
P` <<<#. J\ < ~=``=# JO`" ^.
< O^ U ~=` L#^ J^ ~=` |^=x O^ WO^x O^,
=x O^, "= #O^, ~`*= #O^ ==Q J=ìOz#^ L#k.
=`= O^ ^~O Q ~ O^ J#Q`" L#k.
< H, ~ H '#==Ò JQ z`H Ju x~"#k. Jk q+
==~ q=i`" # k. Jk ~ k# ~ ^ ~" #~K#k. JÒ` =^ ~" # k.
548
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
J~` J*# =Ò Jk OH~H$uQ< `KK#k. ~^~= O^
"Oz L# P z`H JuH;" LO_@K, *#^ O^ U~_ L# ^$+
H~}O K` <# QiOKH#.
J\ Lù q<#~`=Q z`H< <#. z`H ~_#Q <# `=
#O_ |H= =~ = =#= O^ u Hey L<#. ~H xO
P z`H . Jk x~u #O^=K i~"
#k. ~_ "^# HtO
* ==x\h HtO*k J^. '|O_= J< =`=# îOz#
^~O Jk.
Jk ~H~-qH~H" _ ~H~qH~ q=i`" L#k. `H@
Jx\ ~= J^. H#H ~ ~`= P z` HH P^Q=. ^<Q
H=Oê ^<Q q^=# r=~# `# L^~=# î#k J^.
[Q` J#|_ J#= ~=O` P` Hh =iOHq H^. P P` ==
J~ LO_@K Y ^Y ^h q^~= =`"!
'~K`#= J# "^ k` <=^=# Jk XCK#k. K`# ~"
L# < P` [QÒ` "Oz#k. =~H "Q, WK@ "tOz <@O KOk.
^~xH D =<^^ =. `K=#\ D ^=, ^x ^~ #
^$O #t# \H, P` U=Ò #tOK@^ ... =i D [Q* <@H=O` Uq\?
J=#.... èOk. WÔ` 'z`= J# #@_ `# #@< K`~O` ~z< _.
ZC_` |k [Qk` `#`= OÔ_ H`= O^Ò^, JC_
WOê <@H`=O` èÒk. nO "QÒ>H^, Qkx == U"
L< èk!
P! <# xQ, J#Q=` [# tH#C_, <x#C_ <
=# ZO^ "` OkO^ WC_ Òk. < =~OQ ^|k HQ@O
K`<, J@ = O^#. JO^H ^dOK#. ^~xH J D ^" x
^~O H^!
J=! W\H <# *#=O`_##. s~^ O^ 'D s~" <#... P
s~" P`_ J# ~O U~_# '^`^$+ J< ^~ `yOk. =~H}O K_
=#k K<#. O^`y#k O^K<#.

D H#|_ [Q^`"# ^$ ==~=O` '= K 'z` #O^ ^$OQ
OqOKK#k. D [Q` #O^ 'P` H 'z` J#" U~_Ô@ ZH_ Un
F L=# H~}O G 549
^. WH JO^ xQ"q\? J#Q"q\? J=h ZH_<~? Z\ L<~?

YO, ^YO, =#O, J==#O ...W=h OHeÒ, T[xÒ J~# H^
x" =O\q HH =iOHq\? H|\ '<# gix tH<#, "ix O`+
_`<#... J# =# _ [x`=Q = =O\^. JO` _ "H |"
J~LO_Q Y"q\? ^Y"q\? <# WO`HO =__< ^+^$+` [Q^~#O
K<#. WC_ Q =O K` =O_==i Q~ K@O`, *xx H=@O
[iyOk.

P#O^ ~O, i~O JQ P` H J#=O Hey# `~"` WH ^xH

HOKe? ^xH "`} H"e? 'WOH# K_e? WOH Oê Jx ZO^
J#H"e? Uq K e? ZH_H "e? PQ=Oz`~| H~ Z=iH? ZO^HO>
'JHH K=`~O JQ z^H "H> q^=#" L#k H^!
HO z^=qÔ <= z^HO q~[` I
#" #= x` k ^$- #~ II ( 36, ~ 50)
uH`" #\ F ~ ~=`! h #=iO<#! =^QO
K`< hq\H <O^ <#Q HxOK=. H^!
P! W\H <# |^_< ~= KHQ Z~QQeQ#. Q~^=_Q =O_=
==xH, P# "H= #=~O. =H*#O L^~Oz# H~}OK` <#
J#O` ~_##. J#O`~=Q F < P`~=! h <# Kù
"K<#. J! < ~" J~# P` QiOz# *#O ZO` =`~"#k!
J\ *#=K JÒ` [OQ, JH$u=OQ ~Q ^+= J=O U~_Òk.
`^~ *Q` +x q+ u #tOk. ## <# Lk~`xQ
QOKK<#. '|=#O^ UH== J# XH<H x| ~#=O `~
_Òk. O~ =~`_#QK<#. J", == (<#, <k) J# =$`
x"_#QK<#. ~=# H`=Q P` H ^|= #O^ =~_<
HtOKK<#.

qO@<=H^, ~=KO^! =# D qq`_ ~[i`=#O_ |i`=
O^~ KK"! J\Q P =[@ (H ~~A) `# q"H=K OkOz#
x=K ~" `= =Q '|^= # O^_. ~uO|= HQ* # C_
~Q"#_=< M^=Qh, "^=Qh O^K<_? ^! P qÔQ< P
550
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
~A _ `# J#+OKK# ^~~= =# OK HK Qh, ^=QuK
Jx"~OQ OK J#~=, ^Y^=Q "u` ==~=K Qh,
U=Ò M^ "^= O^@O ^. [ "=K J#xÒQ `_#O O^
~Ò ^`ÔQ, xiH~OQ LO@#@ `# x~iOK ~*z`"# xQ
(punishing) J#Q (Awarding) q+ = @ JKOK_, ^Y~ `_ LO@<_.
^#Ok#H ==~= K#C_ ~=~=# (Happiness and unhappiness)

O^x"_ `# L^~, QOc~ =O` =^=# _ qOz_. ''+K
x=, K`#=K H=O`= JQ z`=$uK x H==Q JytY
= HtOK_.
P`_ C _ x~
_ H_. ^ =O`_ H_. Ô^=, =`~= =. J#iQx,
JiQx, Ju|k`_Qh HO_< ^suQ Oz# H~=# PKi
=î XCK<_. P`x JO`H~}O WC_ =^~#j" K~`",
n~` =x`", =$u~`", ~ KO^x = O~`= OìOKHx L#k.

Z=_`, D [QÒ` z`= H H# =`" ...Jx x~OKx LO\_,
P`x |k WH D uH Y^Y= x^ JQK#k.
|^_, x~O`~O =kx+_ L#"_ D s~^# ==Q K,
~^ L=` LO\_. P`x zÒ P`xH qH=# k LO@Ok. P`_
~#C_, xK#C_ xî#C_ ~^ K`#=#O^ O Ok
LO\_.
P ~A _ J> K`#= #O^ SH` Ok<_. ~[## x~i
_, JÒ`H ~`_ L<_. JYO_H~`_ HtOK_. #n[O ~
=Ô He#@, =OKQ_ H~Q@K `# PH$ux g_#@ J`_ ~=#
~= #O^ ~O* Hx '<# ~ =# Hx J# H~ O "t OK_.
|O_=x\H Lù #=, |^ _ xO` J~#\ ~ |=#O^
"tOK_. |kK x~= ^Y~`= P#O^ i~= JQ P`# O^_.
J\ P`K D [# "^# ^# =# JkQqOz"_.
O_ ye` O_x PHO =HO b#=QK#@ P`x =# ~Ò
O^Q P`_ ~|~_<_.
F ^~^~=! h= _ ~H^ H~}=QK# '^$+x #tO
*Hx Ô^~`_" JÒ` ^H=Q "H^=# P~OK. JC_
F L=# H~}O G 551
h= `H ^Y~`_"`=. pH\ H^Ò> U^< `Q@OK` _ HO^

_=K. nO LO> P W|Ok LO_^ H^! P ~ =~A '*#^$+ J< nO
K|#@O K`< P`x =# J*<O^H~O _O_ H_HQeQ_.
XH_ Qu _#C_ UO K_? X_# LO_ "\ << PO|#OQ @x
|@ ~=\xH u_ H^!
q"H=#, q"# P~Oz `^~ `# z`=# Oux kOKe. P
~ =\=\H q`^$+x JOK_. W`~ _ J^xx L^tOK_.
H=OQ UH= J~#\ |=#O^ =k``~_<_.

N~=_ : =hO^! q~ ''Ô^~ Ò J"e Jx P* < ~. J~` = =#
QiOz Q=x<~? Qe gK K@ x@|_ L# <=e OKOQ D =#
~OQ LO_@" ^! nxx sHiOKk Z\? ZO`Q =~ =~ q< _ Wk
|^= #O^ UHQx+ O^@ ^. nxx sHiOK@O Z\Q KO_.
N=+ =i : =# q+O W\H 13 ~AQ =#O K q+
KC<O. ~ ...*xQ ~ P`x z#<\ `_Q i_ =^ XH
J^`"# O"Ô [iyOk. P `~"` P W^~ _ 'UH~=k O^ `=
`= z`=# OQO K<~. `= z`, WOk= q+O JÒ`
|^ L<~. JO^K` "i~=i ~ ~ O"^= D =O qOK\xH
=zÒQ LO@Ok. g# qO^, $^=# q` ~KQ^. Jk h
=^#OQ K`#. q#.

3. ~ i O"^=
N=+ =i : ~jH ^ku 'i J#<`_ =# ~ ~A z#<\
`_. XHC_ ~jH Ô J<=$+ OqOzOk. JH_ [ J<H=Ok
PHe ^ `H =~}OK@O [iyOk. Jk Kz i~A `@HH_.
'J! < [ H+=# `yOK H<! WH <# ~AQ J#~_# Jx
`K_. |^~ @i XH K@ =~=Ô `Q|_K# Q=O Kz
_ `# n~ }O H#yOK#@ P`_ P ~[=# `lOz JH_ #O_
|^~_. q~y J~, J~}Ox XH<H UHO` Ôx XH Q$O
"t OK_. JH_ ` K @O ~OaOK_. Oux, WOk^==# P~Oz
552
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
K HO `# H#yOK_. P n~HO JH_ Q XH =$H= #O_ `=
`=Q "e# P# uO@ LO_"_. JH_H HO`^~O LO@# P@qH
Q= [# P uO@ ` K P`xH '~^_ J# ~ \ KC<"~.
J<H O=`~= UHQ`` ` K@OK`, =kx JOK@O K`
D~#QO P`x iOzOk. z`= k Ok P`_ ~[i J_. H=
H=OQ *#_, ^k`_, j`k Ô^~`_, P=i`_, O`z`_,
~Q, ^+, H^~`_ r=#_Q kHH_.
P qÔQ ` H =OK ~= q`"# =## OkOKH# P
i _ H< `~ "` HO K~O K \xH |^~_. XHi HH`mOQ
~_ ~["`# H~` ~[O "tOK_. z#<\ iKO K` ~x
He_. r=# J~# P W^~ UO O+OK<~ ^Q q#.

~~A : q`=! |HO `~"` HeO. q~ P =`" uO@

` K LO\~x qO@< L<#. [# '~^=x J# ~` q n~
UHQ ` QiOz H^Q KCO@<~. ~=q`=Q H$Ò K`< q~
WH_H ~=@O, <# q =H=# PkOK@O [~QÒk. q O^~#=K
z`= ~=#Oî`=Òk. =# j`Ò O^Òk. qQO =#
kQ}H$Ò KO^x ^ JO\~. =# z#<\ O+} b, K+ iOK
O@O> Q q<ÔQ LO@Ok.
~^_ : q`=! =O_= =i H$ K` q~ P`*#O O^~x <# _
q<#. <# `K D~x P~kOz P# H$K P`*#O O^#.
~! giC_ ^Y~`_" ~=H~}=Q |= #O^ qOux O^~
H^? P`~=_=Q@K` q z`= ` # Ò L^~OzO^? # QOc~= `
_# =^$+K ~[#ÒQ ~[# K<~ H^? q ~[O [ ^#
^# O#, s~H,=#H ^ O_ O`=i` rq<~ H^?
[ Z\ H~O\~ J> # [~QÒk H^? ^~~H} J^~tH} q
Jx " qiO^? ^#O HO x K"~ q QiOz
P#OÔQ @ ~O _O@<~? q ^# ^#S~$ `@O|`
#Q~^ H=OQ L<~ H^? q D uH s~O =#H =^~`" W~
H= O^ L`= =# kOK Q }H~= O^ xyOK|_Òk
H^? D q+= J<q J=H r= ~=}OQ `KK, J*# HK
F L=# H~}O G 553
z=iH `=Q i}q< ~. J\ q+ ~ =# x~kOK\xH q~ ''"~ QO

J< Q~_ =OÒ =##O K<~ H^?
P! q`=! =x^~O KHO qQO J#qOKO. H=O K` D
~A H<O. D s~^~Q r= u~E W+Jx+=, OQ
qQ=, Y^Y= HQ` LO\~. < `# q= H=@O
uH~O J~# q+O. D n~r=^ Z#_ q_~ D ~A HeO. }
H~#~OQ #_K D~K H qO ZO` z`"#k!
~ : B# q`=! D~K~=Q xuH P~H~"#'Qux Z=~
Z~QQ~? =x^~O ZO`HO ZH_H_ LO_ WC_ H<O. D~K D
~A =xîh HeOk. <H` WC_O` O`+OQ L#^! q= KK@ K`
= H~OKQ } =$HO eOk. <# "~`_# H$`H$`_# J#.
q ~HK = #Q~O, = [ ~= q`=QK<=.
''=`` =Q=O "H=` =#O Jx ^ JO\~ H^! WC_
P`#=O q+O q #Oz Hx q q<#O@<#.

4. =k =` z`=
i=x : < q #Oz q<x L#k. D O~*= #O^ UU H
x~iOK|_K<... J=h _ =` z`# =`" Y^=`<~.
`k`~O` J#H}H"# Y^Y =~O~K `_#O O^K<~. OiH
q+= ZH_ U^ YO L#@ q#q#=O@ = HQ*Ok.
J OH= H .. =k YO aOk. J\ ~= Ou==Q
=k YO =O^ D OiH Y= ZO`\ J"#q! *x J~#"xH
=` zÒ J=~O. =`zÒ OkOK\xH =k J##O `` "~
=~"=O@Ok? H#H D OiH q+=# `lOz =#` ==~ ~`
=kx q~ k#K~ HO` =O H\~Oz J#+OKK<~ H^!
~ ~A : J^q\ q`=... J\ J_QK<~? ''OH=i`= Ou`=
+= ^H= J~#\ ~=#O^=# J#q<"? Jx
J_QO_, ''=#` =^=^ ==~~` =kx J#+<"? Jx J_Q
K<~! ZO^HO> *x ==~= LO_=K. LO_H=K. Uk U"< _
J=` z`_ LO\_? LO__ H^! J=` z`_#"_ *x H^ H^!
554
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
*# `#"~ x` |^ z` LO\~. "~ D OzH H x~i
LO_= =z#\H ^ UH`x+ LO\~. J#Q, P`x+ LO\~. J\ UH`
x+ "i =k. "~ "~ Q J="# uH= kx P~OK=# <= O@Ok?
i=x : *#=O> Uq\? =k ZC_=~O?
~ : *#= =k H J= QiOz < =iHx Ja=
q=i#. q#O_. XH_ OK=#O` `lOz XH UHO` ^=# "o, JH_
^#O " x ''|O[e x =i< _#HO_. P`x zÒ P` ==#O^
qOu O^H`, WH, P`x =k Z\k? P`x u =k Jx Z\ JxOK
O@Ok KO_?
JO^K` 'P``` ^ J< JyK = P J< Q_~H Pu J=@"
=kHx, OKO @ `+=O Hey, WOk= x K#O`=Ò K`
Jk =k Jx JxOKO@O^? UHQ= x``$=, Jk`= J~# P`
==# îOK@" =k. J\ `= J=H#" ~[. J\ [ ~H+.
Z=_` H, JOH~ ~`_ Ô^= `QHO_ XH HO_Q
~ " # PH$u Hey LO\_ J\" _ =k ` _. J\" _ xtO`# =~HOQ
Hey LO\_. P`_ O^=#k Ok#>. P`xHH `lOK=#k Qx, HiOK
=#kQx, Oz#kQx, OKxkQx LO_=. i~ =<Q`_ LO\_.
J\ *#H =## x~O`~ =k kOz#>! "` @#
^~O HOKO Q\ Q QQ< `QÒk. =Q= *#`= JQ J=Q#
O_ H=O =## |=OÒQ uH"# =k ~_`, Jk ZC_
qz#O J=Òk. *x H =k qz#O H^. OzH q+ =` ==iOK
= =z#\H P`x =k (H) =` z`= ^`ÔQ< LO@Ok.
~_ ~[O` H=# HtO*<_. P =O U"< q~=O
H~O@<_? ^ . ^$_ O~OK` *x H |k _ P``` =H#O
"tOz, WH =iOHH_ qOu q~==# H~H^. [O = LO_Q
XHH}"< PQÒ^? P=~} <#=K q*# ^$+ (H, ^ u H P`*#O)
U~_ =~ *#=~O xOK"_ PQ_.
# q~`q~Ò ^ H HQu" I
# q~`q~Ò `#O [n^ II ( 16, ~ 62)
H= `#H 'Qu J# H# g_#@, *x H |k =^=Q
P`# Z#\Hh =~=^. #_K@ C_ HHê H P#@ P`x |k x~=Q
F L=# H~}O G 555
z<`=# U=~=^. q`=! P=~}= #tOKQ< K` # i q+ ~ `=Òk.

P K`#i WH ZC_ P`H~=$u Hey LO@Ok.
U ^~"< '` O_ LO@O^? *xH ''P`H~ =i`=Q =O
JO@ Un LO_^. ''<# #. Hh D ^~= L<~ J# H ZH_<
LO@O^? ''^}=O`x hK# J##k LO_^ H^! hK# K"_ ^}
=O`_ J=`_?
P`*xH P`# LOKx ==O@ Un LO_^. P`x P`#
J#H}HO. i` Z L< Jq P`*xx $tOK=.
~^ ~=K <# P`<. H#H x~_< O``_< L<#. J#Q
=k x+_< L#>. Z^x`# U ^= < HxOK@^. < ` ZC_
PÒ^, JYO_=Q P`Q< kOk. <` H XH H=`" D =#.
=# L#Ô> =k~Ò L#>. JO^K` '=#` =kx J OK@O
J<k ZH_O@Ok? =# H"# LxH~Q}= ZH_<~.
=# =kx+ HQ@=<^ LO_^... ~^ x`=Q P``` "H>
L#k... P` XH> ~ "H" ~ ~=Q i OKK#k... P JYO_, J"
P` <#... P` "~Q '=# J#|_^n ^.
WH < =k Uq\? J=k Uq\? =# Uq\? ^xx xyOK@
"q\? xyOKH=@"q\?... < ^$+ =<|^#|_q LO_@ ^.
H~ H~} i}= qQ~ `Q =` xÒ ~ ` O^ =`` O
Hey LO_QQK<~. WH JH_ =k, J=k ^=# HeOK "H=
K@ LO_@O ^.
x~=@"# < JaO =~Hi q#O_. ~^= K~x P`
< ~O, =O, #O _! <# WC_, JC_, ZC_ Lk ~`_<,
WH, <#h==# "^#Ô` < z`.

5. xO
i =hO^_ : F <O! q~ x[OQ *#=O`! ~==Q |^=#
O^~. `` e ÒQ ~K O ^x = jÒ`H~}
= Hey "QO^K<~. =^ ~
~~ 'P#O^= J< O^K qOK|_K<~. j`, `, O^~ H==
556
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
= q~lK<~. q x~OQ, qOQ, ~OQ QOc~H\
HOQ q<~.
P! `_! qiC_ KOQ P#O^~OQ, JOH~"~ÒQ,
`HOQ, qOQ, QOc~OQ, LO_ ~` PHOQ q~lK<~. W+,
Jx+ ~q+=O^ =~ H#@K<~.
~~ iK^ ~Q O =k I
*< ~""Ô ^` =Y}`" II ( 6, ~ 63)
L`= |kK ~, J~=# x~~Oz ~OQ`~. ''D ^$ [QÒ`
JYO_~" |=Q<, ^suQ L#k J##\ L`"`=*#O O^~.
WH_ H#|_ Lù. <#= ~"q\ QOK~.
WH_ P~, J=~=K (ups & downs) i`=QK# 'KOK~Q ^
q O^ K@ KHH `<~. ^x HO> WH L`="# == D OKO
"Ò WOHH>n ^, LO_^, J\ x*` == Ok#"~ == O^
i`$ L<~.
P` ~=`Q q H^ #=i<#. q J=Q# q+" =iHO`
q<x < Ja+.
~~A : =hO^! D ^$OK =O` q^ H^! H#H =#HH_ QOK
^Q ^~ =O@ Un ^. QOK =#^ #C_, `lOK =#k =Ò
U=O@Ok?
Q H^... `lOKk! ''Wk L`==... Wk `K= J# ==~=O`
H=O ^ H= =#< OqOk. qA JaO H~O, `K`K=
OOkOz# xO^-`# `lOz"x H^! ^ H=O K` WC_ =Y
"#k =~H\H, XH <\H `KOQ HxOk. D q+O u XH r=xH
J#==QK# q+".
''J xO^` ZO^ HQK<~? Jx =#O qK~} K ''~Q=
K`< Jx =^#O aOk. ~Q= Z@ L^qOk?... WK =#<.
WK? ...J*#OOz, J*#OK` |^~Òk. H#H |k=O`_#"_
=^~=Q |^~=K WKyOK`_. WOH^xh H^.
D =H=O^ Q ~`=^=#=, = }, $kq,
OK `= W=h "=~`=. g@x\ O^ ~=O@ Un ^.
F L=# H~}O G 557
D ~`# #[Q` # O^ L#Ô` =O J H+ =\ t="# k

=`". WO^ =#O WKyOK=On, "OzOK=On U=O@Ok? WK x=$u
HQ, ~Q^+= OH~~. WOH J<H =@O^? ZC_` D =#
~ ` ~Q^ +~ `" O`" , P`H ~ " `# PÒ^ H =O i`$ O^Ò^
Jk L`= u+. Jk qOu. Jk =k. Jk Q=, *#=_.

"i^~ XHi<H~ P`^$+` OîOKO@ `"~ O+OK<~.
=~<_ "~ XHi =^ =~H~ = fx, `= `= xux J#iOz =~
~}~.

6. H=b ``^#O
N=+ =i : ~"! =O_= ^, ~, i (~^=x) O+}
q<= H^! "i O+}x JO`s#Q#=# q#. h= _ J\ *#=K
WH_ ~=^=# OkOK. JO^H~H n~Q qA` He KHQ qK~}
K~. L`="# 'fH|kK $^HO#O_ 'JOH~= J< H"=#
#tO*~. HHf` =, P#O^H~=, x~= J~# z`= hO^
"tOKQH!
~ JOì`_ LO@# P ~=` XH_ ^#Q_! ...J`_ ~}"_
`y#"_! ...P`_ =# ~_=@OK` P`xx P~kOK@O JÒ`è H # q+ "!
...J^ ~#O^ Ou ~O! ...#O. z^H~O!
J\ ~=` O^ u HeyO_. x`= P`qK~} ``~_" LO_.
JO`~Y_", Y~_" z^^#~_" LO_. JC_H h z`= ^Y=K
_OK|_ H LO_^. O H#|_ ==~``~`, ~Q^+=, [=
^=# `H#@ h JO`H~}=# H+Ò K=. h= "\x\HO> =`~
~_=x QOK. U#Q O=# kOKQ^? L`= *#O` O`z`_"
LO>, D =# x<O KOk? Z\ kOk.
#O^#=#O = K@ LO\? *xH z`= QO@O LO_^.
P`_ J<H n#^ # O^=KQH! P`x zÒ =Ò `# q~=# `lOK^ .
^=Q q+ Y=# HOHOKH, H=O P` "#H Ja=Y" LO@Ok.
WH_ WOkq+= Z=_` J#~_ LO\_, P`_ WH_ [##=~}^#
558
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
Kz ^Y=# O^`_. U z`"` ==# qKiOz, ''D WOk,
q+, s~, `k`~ ^$= Jq^! qÔu Jx Z~QK#^,
J^xH WH ^YO ZH_#O_ =Ok?
N~=_ : =s! =# 'H~ $Ò (<# H~#) J#^+O `QO> UO Ke?
N=+ =i : ~=! =O^Q D =# O^K# "O, = QiOz
Q=xOK. H=H=OQ J"`=# J=~KH. KHQ D =# O^K#
"==# Q=xOK"... H~ $à=#O `#O`@`< `QÒk. Jk x#
$tOK<< ^.
'Jq^ J< pH\ nO XH>....! Jk, ''D [Q` Jq^ K`< J#==Q
K#k. J< L`= *#O L^~OK@"! O , QO_ x# _
K<~ J#H!... P O ^\? ''Wk O Jx QOK@ K`< H^!
Jq^ _ JO`. 'Wk Jq^ Jx Q K... Jk `yÒk, `y~#>!
K h L#\H P h K H# $tOK= KK"! h= ==~
~_" L#\H JO`~=# O~_= H=^. H=O |=#O^ x=Q"#
|kx Hey LO_. JC_ H~ $` ^+=, ^Y= x# $tOK=. n=Q
K`#= HO iOKKO_Q J*<O^H~O H~OKH UO KOk?
``*x H |k `Q ~=#O^=# Ok Ht LO@Ok. P
r=_ *# ~xK k`_<_, WH =~C_ "= O^_. U ~A
$^HO P`z`=# qiO^ P ~A r=`=. J\ H P#O^
H=. x~O`~`zO`#K "= `y JO`H~}= j`Ò O^K#k.
`x q`} }`x `x k<x K I
q~Q"< P`z`^ @" II ( 19, ~ 63)
Z=i=<` D z`= "~ Q `" P`H~=$uK J ^ O O^Ò^,
J\ "~ D r=# x["# q`. J\ = P=. P ~A ~A.
P` ^~#= #O^ J<^~} Hey L# r= n#. ZO^HO> "~ D
[##-=~} KH= #O^ J<H ^Y=# O^K<~.
D r=_ J<H q^=# P=K x~O`~O |OkO|_K<_. Q
`$}=# JH J<H~ "~H=K ~_QK<_. H=, ^Y=
O^K<_. ^+~K`, "OK`, ~QO K`, `$+K` D_|_K, '=#
J< Q$O |Ok` _Q K<_. `, , |O^ =` U~_ '<q, <q J# ^~=Q#
h z=iH J`xH |O^#= J=K<~. "~H= ^+~ P`x qOux
F L=# H~}O G 559
J#H}O ^~O K<~. J`_ W ~H= ~HH y J~

f= =#`=K `=QK<_. H KQ H#|_K<_, JO`H~}O
=Ò Jun#_ LO@<_. `q+` QiOz J<H zO`#` `=`=Q
K<_. `# WOk=K `< ~l`_QK<_. xÒ H=H~K PHi`_
QK<_. Pq~= u~==# " J*#=~}O =e < K
<_. J#~= ^Y= î^ = =~=~ O^K<_. H~ ~=K
tks~=` PHO^#O K<_.
Z^=O\ D r=x =# 'O~= J< |~^ uH =~ =#O`Q
zx L#k. L`= `=K *#|O OkOz P =## |~^ #O_
|~Ò K#C_ =`" =#=[# [#=#@.
P`# îOz#C_ =`" z`= H~Ok. JC_ =h `~.
*#=K P` îOK|_Q^. J~` *#O Z aOk? <qx =# <H#O
aOK#@ =#=_Q *x H OQ`=K D O~Q~x ^@\xH
H aOk. ZH_ *x_... P Ô x"Q" H^. *x H =K#=
K`, Ja=K`, =`~OQK` P`_ L#K@ ~= qÒ J=Òk.
[#Q *#=# OK=# O``, r= qOu aOKQ^.

HOK= q"H= Pq~qOz#\ n=O`_ WH x^~_^. Uk U"< ~,
="^H=, O`^H= J~#\ D OK= #O^ P^=~z
LO_~^. PÒ OK=~ x~O`~O `j_ LO_e. JO`Hx, â
=#O` =#=^Q~^` '[# J# |~^H `## `# `"H~^.
HqÔ H^=Ò HO=qu HOH" I
^^Yqu * H}O `` II ( 36, ~ 64)
D ^"q\? ^ O|O^=Q ^M^q\? W=h Z\ HQK<~?
g\H ="q\? Wq Z\ `Q`~? ...|k=O` D q^"#
~"e. =z `~HOQ qK~} Ke.
P`*## qOz =K~O HiOKe. F q`~! `~! ^#=
Qx, q`Qx, P`*#=# "~# =Qx J*# Q~=# x=Q"#
r=x LîOKQ=x J#O@<~? ^.
x~O`~ "O` ^=## P~OKO_. J\ ^=#` HOKO
~=iOz K_O_. D =Ò K` P`^~} O==QKO_Q J\ Ò
560
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
K~O^K`? J~! L`==Q =#=[#K a# J<H J=H=# |_^
KO@<~! Jk iH^. J, "~Q=` Ò KO_. `` *#O
OkOK@O ``~O K=^x JOîH =#q K<#. ^~K U~_ H
"= q<" q\ Q=x _, LH LO> Z\? JO^K` P^~} ~HOQ
P`^~} #_O H@O_. <~O JOH~O #tOK=~ qK~}# P~OKO_.
D ^=# ''=\ H t =O\kQ K_@O J LO> K...
H=OQ ~^"_Q P ~=` Qi# *#O O HQ^. JOH~O #t
LO_Q, z^= H\ ` = QK ~Q^. "Q ~Q< pH\ ZH_H "o=K#@,
JOH~O #t LO> P`^~#O OQ kOKQ^. J\ x~u#OÔK
U~_ qO`, xiHu i~u. JO^ =#O JO^~O J~". Jk
=# ~u J~L#k H^! WH J#~` ZOÔ@Ok? ...JO^
uOK#C_ =#=xH WH [O`= ^"=#@?
q+~`=Q =#` \=K^n D =_ H# ^. JO^
^$O H~H ~QO LO_\xH K> LO_^ . H =O z` HO =`" JO`\ PHqOK
Hx LO@Ok. WH xiH=k J~#\ `s^$+ O^"... ^x` `y#k
=~n LO_^. ^xH^ \. P u qH=g LO_= H#H +` =K.
J~` + [_Ò (Z~H H=@O) LO@Ok. Jk=`" Ô. P J=
PH== ~"H"#k.
XH K@ XH O_ L#^#H! P O_ ye` O_x PHO U=Òk?
=HO` UHÒ O^Òk. J~`, O_x PH= =H= #O_ "~
_#^C_? ZC_ ^. J\Q U r=xO^ =<OH~ `Q`,
P`xH ~^~=x JO`~=# L# ~=`= QKiOKQ^. P ~=`"
'``. P `` '`". Jk h=. ~=! J\ u =Q Q=K kOKQ^.
Jk +H ^~u ^~"q H^. Hh + H< H^. J~` Jk "
Jf`"#k. Jk D r=xH $^=< J#`=QK#k =!

J#uO q< `` O Y}^~#` I

J#uO q< ~O <`##` II ( 53, ~ 64)
J#=O J<k H` =#=# KH~, \ HO "^#"\ ``"
QKiOK^ . WH P`#= O QiOz "~ Q K? 'J#= O J<k H ` P`~O
_ QKiOK^.
F L=# H~}O G 561
D [QÒ` J#O`` ~". WH z`=H q+=O\",

W=h i}=`=. HO`HO Q_z# `~"` Wq W\ LO_=. W\ ^$=#
@x "_=# <=#k? JO^K` ~=! D q+= hK qOz
"|_QH! ~` n", |k ^=` ^=^=_ "K# P` h@
J#`=QK, H\ `=QQH!
OK= qH O^ q+ "# #tO k. P~= qH O^ ~= ~~= Q
P`H= L^~Ok.
U_= qH =k, J=^ UH`x OìOKO\~. J\ =`
H~}OK` |^_ JzO#"#\ 'H=#O^H ~O J# P`#=O
+Ok.

562
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
IX. q O"Ô
1. Ja=# `[O
N=+=i : F ~=KO^! PûH#O =~O H"O> Ja=#`[O
ZO` P=HO =!
N~=_ : 'Ja=#O JO> `= LÔ?
N=+=i : ''D ^#=, Q$=, |O^ [#= "^#q <q. D s~" <#
Jx J#H=@" Ja=#O. =#` Ja=#=< =< qQ=# [~Oz, P
=#` P`^~#O Ke. Ja=#=# [~OKO_, ^xx HeyO_ ZO`Q
Kkq<, Uq q<... UO [#O? z`@Ox ~_ H~}=#
iO*Q_? ^ H^! J", == J# =`H=Q Ja=#O `lOKH`
D [Q` ^YO Jq OK^ . Jk L#O` =~ P` , "`, J*# c*O^H ~
< LO\~. D q+" x~ ' q O"Ô J< XH p#
WuO L#k. Jk qO> Ja=# `[= H P=H` Uq\ =iHO`
+=Òk. K`#. q#.

~` OÒ Ju O^~" XC` LO@Ok. P ~` OÒ =#=

H<~ ^ q^^~ ^= x"Q", J<H ^ L<~. P
~` OÒ XH K@ Ju==x P==#k. P P=xH HOKO ^Q~
_, |$u J# ~ Q W^~ ` x= LO_"~. ~K =`"
Qx, gi=~ ^=, ^#= Q~= H~. P W^~ Pq `. W^~ q+ #,
` , ^#x+ O^ Qx` . "oî H q_, _ J< ~Q =~
LO_"~. P , qe^~ z#\ #O_ He ~Q` UH=#, ZO`
J<#OQ LO_"~. z#\#O_ JH_ P=^~=# `^#= He
x~i ^#q+= qO@ `= Ò_ JÒ` u` LO@ LO_"~.
HO`HO Q_zOk. , q =#O "tOK~. JO` H=H
== H^! HQux Z=~ x~kOKQ ~? J#H} H Q=#jO JQHO =#OQ,
Uk Z@<, `# =Ò Qu, u Q`# `# su =i"O@ Òk
H^! P H |$` HO`HxH "~H= Ok Q\x q_z# =
F L=# H~}O G 563
uH ^=# `lOz ~<~. Ò_ =~}OK_OK` , q

[= #O_ iH "|_# H=^== n#, L`~`, O`
$^ J~. Ò_ ^#H ^suQ x~iOK~. =`
Hsux LOOK~ H^!
"i^~ zO`Q ^ @# ^d K~ÒQ JH_H_ Hk~A
Q_~. `= Ò_` U~_# J#|OÔ K`, "~ q~H, J#~H, "^# #O_
= HH~. XH ~A "i@ O+OK<~-
_ : q`=! KK"! =#O Ò_# H=. J~` s~^~OîH
Z\H J\H =$`= Jx"~" H^! J~< "i#O_ qQO =#O iOKH
`<"! WC_ =#O UO Ke? PzOK.
q_ : B#. `<\ Q XH += =ke =~H +=# PkOK#@ D r=_
P`*x H#O`=~, XH s~=# =ê =~H s~=# Q LO\_. H#H
=$`= J##k JÒ` =#"# k#K~ =O\k. D q+O =# Ò_ #O_
=#O J<H~ q<O. J~<, =# Ò_ #O_ =# Hey# D qQO JÒ`
^~~OQ L#k. ZO^K`< =i?
_ : ZO^K`#O>, =#O Z< *#q+ q<O Hx, =# J#=*#O
^. WH_ ZO`HO=<, =# =# ^@_""!
q_ : J=# h= KOk x[O. WH WH_ =#O LO_@O LzÒ H^. LO_ K
^q ^. =#O ^@# K Hx K J#=*#O OkÔ.
_ : =#O "~~Q ~O_ kQ Ô. ^ `~` W^~O =~ WH_
HÔ.
W@ x~~OKHx W^~ Z=i `= "~ JH_ #O_ |^~~. ~A,
==, O=`~= Q_z~. J##@Q< ^ `~` J^ ~A P
P= OÒ XHi<H~ He~. W@ O+OK<~.

2. Uq H= =K~O?
q_ : < L`= O^=Q _! QÒ. =# qQO `~"` h= WO`HO
ZH_H_ OKiOK=? h ` eOzO^? |k O`~Ò J~#^? q^
bH$`"#^? P`*x"<"? ~^ H=" H^?
564
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
_ : =#h_Q q_! h <# _ QÒ K<#. J=!
Q=O K` x# =~ HHQeQ#. WH < H= =K~ t<"?
D O~= U~_ L#O`HO < H=O _<? J < ~`!
=<kQÒ *O =fH # z` I
}
=f~ # O~=< O ` II ( 10, ~ 66)
* =Q |=# Z~Q#O`=~ , H=OH= #tOK#O`=~ , O~
=Ô ^@#O`=~ D r=# H==< =>H_k KC?
Q_e ` =$H= # ##@ z`= #O_ > P=$H= # =~ zQiOK O_
"Ô\ #iH#C_ Y=< =@. *#= HQ#O`HO =Ò L^~OK^.
=Ò #O`=~ P`^ $^ O "t OK^ . P`^ J< B+Ô qOKH `
D O~= J< ==i =~=~ ~H~H ~ @H< LO@Ok.
WH, D s~= @@O, =#"~H=~}= O^@O, =^=~O
U~_ LO_ |O^ , O^ H~H ~^# "^# D qÔ Q Ki`K~ } OQ [iy`<
LO@Ok.
rqOz L#O`HO D qÔQ J<H =<"`` HO Q_zÒk. WH
=~}Oz# `~"`<, = "^# #O^ [xOz H~ eÒ J#qOK
=O^ H^! HÔ\", ~^ # Ki ~Oz`" # }H~ e Ò J#q OKe.
< ^$+ D ~ O__ q~= , h~ = J~ L<~. JÔ` n~H OQ
U~_ LO_Q =~ #x < HxOk. XH J#= O `~ "` =~H J#= O....
D JO` ZH_? qOu ZH_? Ou ZH_?

J! D r= J*#==, `$+ J< ~=# H< LOKHx q+

QHO^ =~ =~ ~K<~! = K`, #<kH ^Y=
K`, JY=K` J<H ~uO|= Q_z`<~! q^HH~Q D
r= q^ J~# H#, "\ =#, ^~#, `^#Q}"# H~#
=~ =~ P~ `= P=# #tO*O@<~. D =# `# Lù
#"# ~=`# `lOz, q"HO Q@x 'PH `$+ J< =` ^~=#
qOz, `` Z\ ~Q fK#k. z J~ J~Ok. 'Ja+ J<
XH ^+"k Ok# D r=_ =~OQ ~= ~~=# Q@H#K<_!
=<KO K` H J=, h~= JQ q+= "O@ `# K ~Q
PH`<_.
F L=# H~}O G 565
q`=! WH D Ô QiOz UO K=O\=? Wk x+=Q HK h~O

O^Òk. J`=, =, ~Q=, ^~= WO^ ^yL<~. ZO_\Q
ZC_ <^= Jx Z^~KOk. D ^= H =Y= ~* Q}=K
H@|_K#^, `H`^ ^~=K#=K J==xOK|_K#^, HOux
Q@Hx ^~=QK#k. =#HO qq_K#\H P =#O
Q_zQ< ~q#" ZO_\= qQÒk. HH"} +Ok. =
K`#Hn D ^=$HO #O_ XHH QH < ~Òk. P =# ,
P \\ "~HO =KiH ZH_H `?... ~A Q_# Hn |`
n#=QK#^!
XHi D =## Q=xOKO_ q`=! Wk 'Q= J< q+~=K
~" H ^q q#\ J<H JO`~ ^Y=# Hey LO\Ok. ZO^H... H~}
Uq\ D =#H è^! z=iH Wk '"O^H~= J< #u =~
HQ qyeÒk. hK ==#, `Kq+H==# P~OK@O nxx
H`# Q^`#, O^`# _ \xH g^. '`$+ J#~Q=
J# "gzH D =# J< `H=# H} HO _ ~ ` O O_ ~ ~ _@
K<~.
D r=_ Z<< P~O ~ HeyLO@<_. P P "#H U" P =
...P P =h ^Y=" , J*# = " J#O^#O K |_ LO@<~.
H~, "\K [#=, "\ #O_ U"" ^Y=, Jq `Q\xH =~
H~... DQ =, J= J~# ^$+... Uq\Ô`? JqOÒQ s~O
`# =#`# J<H H~ ==~= z# D r=xH Ou H~ = J=Òk.
''Wq <# K=#q... Wk OkOK=#q... Wq ^K=#q J#O@
D`_ ~A Q_K<_. WO` s~O "~H=#, ~Q= Qi J=Òk.
XH J#Hx H}O =$`= J< Q^ =z "Òk. Q^ H_# <@H~KHx
=#@ D s~=# <@ H~KHx "oÒk. D r=x èx H
`"Ok.
rq`= J< ^+#k =<` J< `~OQ=`, H=H^= J<
_` Z@"H =Ok. J\ rq`= J# ^xH H~, H _ J~#\ D
r=_ P x~ =^ q#" H @ O@ `# èO_< ZK>K \H
îO|_K<_. '^# =, [#=, O^= =, W, "H "^# "\x KOz
D rq`= r=x `# =O KHx, H}HO JiOz z=iH Uk Uq\ è
^Y==ÔH fHx "o _" Ok. D J#O` |O^ q` =Q=O,
566
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
P~O~, HH W=h r=x `^$+x HHqH K<~. H
Q~OH ~ Hey#=h He`<~. ZH_ Un qQ@O^. Jb
`ÒQ=O` Uq\, ZH_H, ZO^H, Z\=~H, Z=~ Z=iH~ ZO`HOQ
He<~ U=Ò J~O H=@O ^. J~=O`"#=##=h J#~OQ J~`
<~. J~O`~OQ Py`<~. WH Uq Ou? ZH_ Ou? JO` _
JQ=QK~OQ L#k. ''J! W=h < O^ J##=h H}O q_z "
K<~. ^ Hk H} `~"` D r=_ "\x q_z Z@H "o`<_.
D [# =$`=, D zO`, D ^+ H K~= r=} ==~Òx
ZO_Q_ ~H Q îOK`<! WH_ H~=^= zO`#, P~ #,
PO^## HQ*@OK` D r=xH XHH}"< qOu L#^? ^. ''Wk
K#, Wk K<#, Wk K`<# J# XH<H =#H =#=K, zO`K
|OkO|_# D r=_ '<"~ Hx"~ Jx `KK `^~ O^K# ~^#
M^= ZH_< JO` L#^? JuKOK=Q D =# H} O =$k KO^Òk.
=~H H}O U"" n<# ~OaOk.
KK" ^~! D qÔQ D r=_ ^Ô^ P`|k Hey LO@<_.
J<`~=Q J<H ^Y=# `#`< Hi<_. n#Ò O^K<_.
J<H ~ Y^Y=K [~=~}=K H@|_K<_. D [Q` #O^ ~K#
D [# ~#, ZO_# P= z=iH k=# O^K<~. J~<
_ H êQO@ # f Uq èH Un Q=xOK#@ "~ =O^
"#H KKHO_ |uH" J<H ^~` Z~ JQK<~. J\ JOMH
J=H O~ r= D h `_Q D _ J#|_ <# _
XH_x. WOHO YO? Uq Ou?

3. J~`, WC_O Ke?

q_ : `_! D r=_ r=#=# K KHQ q+OK=. D O~
^Y= JO`x =@ x[". h= K# q+h ^$+ @x =#O
HOKO qK~} ~OaÔ.
=# HQK# |O^= `"q\? ...z`" H^! XH = =
|O^ `=QK# D z`=# YO_OQeQ= =iOHg J=~O ^. XH z#
@ =^=# ^@H=K. Hx Q~_H =^# _ ^\"Q^
F L=# H~}O G 567
H^! 'q"HO J< |O Ok =#H O~Q~O K èHQ ^\" Q+^[O

HQ^. W^ [Q` ^f`, z<`=#O^ ux OkOz#"~ _
L<~. "~ XH@i [#==# K#@ - D s~=# `k`~ [Q`#
QOKQQK<~. =#O P =~O ZO^ uOK_^?
D s~O Ja=$k KO^=K. ^, OHO O^=K. tkO H=K. J~`
UO? z<` ~O J~#\ =# =K >=O@Ok KC ? ~Ô K_# O` =Ò
K` ~^~k K_`_? =# QO_=K. K_=K. K`#=# Uq #+O?
=^ [O `~OQ= ~O qiO^#H... P =`xH =^= H
~`xH Uq x KC?
H=O, [O He LO_=K. =$HO (H), [O He LO_=K. J~<
_ H== [=, =$H= - [= U=Ò O|OÔ ^ H^! J\Q
=#x ~=` ~=#, D Q= U =`"< O|OÔ L#^?
^. =^xH, JO^x ~`xH O|OÔ #> K`#=# |O^`=Q
O~=# O|O^"H_k?
H#H <O ! P` D ^ =# U=Ò O|OÔ ^ . <#, h= P`~O
Hx ^=Ò H^! ''< ~O D ^" J# ^` |k h= K#
J#~x\H H~}O. P`, ^= @ J*#O K` U~_K# J^ |k H~}OQ
Y ^Mk z`=$` =$k KO^K<~. XH ^$OÒ q#. XH #k L#k. P
#k H X_# XH ^ =] =$HO L#k. P ^ K@ #n [O uaOaOk. JO`
=ÒK P =$HxH #n[xH U"< O|OÔ L#^? Jq ~O_ XH> J=`?
^ H^! J\Q P` O^ D ^^ LxH uaOaOk. J~< _ P`
^=# O|OÔ ^. P` =xî ~OQh D ^^ H^ H^! D
^ =, |k, PK#, ^$= "^# q P`^ Q =#O L yOK 'LH~ }
=`" H^!
XH ^~}= H#|_, uaO|= `=? H^ ^~}O == ^
H^! x J`=! == H HêH P ^~}O HxOk H^! ''H#|_Òk.
H|\ J`= Jx J#O. JO^K` ''^~}O H#|_ =*O Ò H^.
J` O H^. Jx~KhO. PÒ^ uaOa# D s~=, ^$=, J#= =,
=# - "^#=h Jx~KhO Jx PÀ JaO. ^$= Uk =i<,
=~< _ Jk uaOa# ^~}O U =~ K~ O^^ H^! ^$=
H Heq=K ^+ H , P` Uq O^_ , H_. H, t, [= Kk OK|_
#\H ^Y= O^K<? ^. D ^= _ $kq "^# OK`
568
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
i}u H^! ^x OQ qQ=K Qh, Jk <kQ Hey L# `
q`^` U~_ O|O^, O^==KQh x, PÔ ZO^ U~_e?
_ : B#. U~_=# x^. Hh q`=! D Y ^M iQ`x =z
g^ _K<~ H^!
q_ : XH H>` OQO (`_#O) Ok#C_ [O K#O, |= "^# q
HQK<~. J\Q K`#=` U~_# q` K` [_=Q D ^= #O_
|=, K#= "^# H Oq<~. Y ^Mk =$`, J#==
U~_K<~. J~` Y-^M#== [_s~=# O|OkOz#"? [_"#
^xH J#=" LO_^ H^! H#H Jq s~xq H=. h P` O|OkOz#"?
P` ~^ x`=, x~=, ^=, J"= H^! =i Y ^Y= Z=iH,
Z@ ZO^ HQK<~?... J*#= K`<, J*#= Hey# [# HQ
K<~. J*#O `y# =~H}O Y ^M^ LO_=. ~= z<`= #O^
~OKQ, z<`#=" ~` QKiOk. J#Q D ''Ô, ^x Ja=xOK
"_ W^~ OQ=K XHK@ X#Q_< W^~ Y^Y= J#~.
=^ J*#O =z, Y ^Y=# U~~z LOKÒk. J*#= J#Q? `` =
#, x`x`=# q"H^$+` K_H=@".
J*x H ^$+H D OK= `"#^x= QKiOk. *x H
^$+H, Wk ÒQ JÒQ< LO\Ok. W^~ W^ OKO OKi XH
qÔQ H~H== x~i, HH< LO@< _ ... "i^~ "~"~ ^$+
J=Q# Hey LO@<~. ZO` K=`~O!
Q_e H+= (Wood), = OQOK He LO@<~. P
~O_\ H JO`~ OQO [~QÒ^? ...^! *x D [Q` OKi#C_
Ja=##_, PH~`_ LO@<_. =<=$u ^$ K P`xH Y ^M
^ Hey LO_=K QH! JO`~O (In the inner Recess) `# P J#==
x\H "~ LO@<_. q`=! _! =~ XHi XH H@# K<#.
[O [Ox uaO|== P`, ^=# U=Ò O|OÔ ^.

q+ ~`=Q ^ *#O JO`\, Jx\ ~^ "Oz#k. WH ^ `
==K HOH`"# `k`~ *#O JO\"? JÔ` `" H^.
_ : HH=K. Hx =# `k`~*#O J#H}H" Ò = OOk H^!
q_ : ZO^K`< =#O QOKe. _ ''JkQ! P pH\ ^ Ô L#k.
F L=# H~}O G 569
< HxOk Jx Ò_` eH_#H. ZO` _K# P xH P Ò_ UO

K`_? ''a_! h= Q P_<@C_ =]K@ KK"! J^ P PH~O. JH_
Ô ^, yO ^. hHO O JH~^ Jx K`_ H^! P _ Ô
QiOz =# K#@, ^Y~`=Q P` `#O^ ^Y= O|OkOz =#
KOk. XH_H O ZH_ L#, ^, ZC_ QuOz# |O^ = Hx~ . "i`
P O U~_ =Q=O "==? ...H^ H^! P`, ^$=# Q O|OÔ
_ J\^!
}=# Kz 'Ò Jx J#O> }= Ò J=Ò^? H^. Hh P
^+`= H J#ux J=H _ O^K<_. P` q+=`
O|OÔ #\H JO`H~}= H x=K O|OÔ U~_Òk.

H#H, ^= P` U O|OÔ =# `KK#^... JÔ` q^.
XH H= h _#O` =Ò K` h~ P = "tO^? J\Q ^
^ #\ P` _ ^Y=K kOK|_^.
_ : JO> J~O Uq\? ^^ K`< ^Y= LO_@O [~QÒ^<?
q_ : JH~ JO`. ^=# K`< P` ^YO O^Òk. H|\ ^` =#
`lOK@K P` =H <O^Q^x qA +"# JaO. J^ J#~}O _!

XH `\HO L#\ <K, P, H+=, [= - ~~O XHK@ L#\H,
"\ XH^x` =~H ^xH JO`~OQ O|OÔ ^. H#H Jq XH^x @ =~H\
^Y~ ÒQ< LO\~. D ^ WOk=#P` XHK> L#\H JO`~O Q
O|OÔ H` ^Y~`=# O^QO.

=$H=# H~}O c[" J~#@, OKOx ~} ''JO`~OQO
Q OQ= D [~ =~} "= H~}=QK#k. U r=x O^ JO`
OQ= (Attachement inwardly) LO@O^ P`_ =`" D O~ Q~=# =Q_
JQK<_. JOÒQ ~`_... O~ Q~=# ^\# "_QK<_. JO`
OQ= Q z`= J#O`M`" H\ `=Òk. JOÒQ= x z`=
OQ~`" `# `< q#+=QK Jz`=Q, z`~OQ i}qOk.
q+H= Hx z`= O~=# L#\H W|OÔ ^. J\ z`=
\ H=}eOQ== Ju q`"#k. Jk q=H" J=Òk. J\ HO_ z`=
q+H" L#^ ... Jk Q` K#^< ^$_|O^= HkQ< LO@Ok.
570
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
J#HO =< |Ô =HO Hq=i`" I
J#OH~"HO H~}O |#"H II ( 34, ~ 67)
JOÒH`"# =# |^=. JOÒH~`"# =# =H=.
H#H, JOÒQ" |O^ "H= H~}O.
XH <H Hx ^~= # f`#^#H... JO^x ^~= ^+=,
P <H x# [Ox ``^ "~ "~ H^! ...JOÒQ= x"xH
H~= PKi#\H, H~ $`= LO_^.
XH_ YOQ @ ~ ~O__ O e, J~}= "^#q
Kz#C_ J=h J#qOKK#"_ J=`_. HO_q^#Oz ^H@O, e q^
|_@O "=O HH~<, J#=O=Ò kOk. J#Q, WH_ [~QK#^q\?
z`= `# XH J#==# H~ J~#C_ WOk= x KH~<,
H~ $`=, H $`= kO^!
H#H =#O z`= # JH~ $`=# J"@ K e. z`= H JH~ $`=K
Ja=#~`= kOKQ^. z`=# ~H~H== Jfù #O
Ke. JC_ [_^~=`"# D Ô =#<O KQ^ KC?
JH~Q =# - =#O D =## H` (Attachment) x^xQ kO*Ô.
Jk H=OQ ~H '<-" H~! (<# H~# H^) J# JO P~
LO_QH! JC_ =# =# JH~ J=Òk. H~Qx =# H~H_
H^. H~ $`, H $`= `y#C_ 'Oz`~|PQq H~ $tOK*=.
JC_k `# H Jk#=Q ^ K`#=Q +OKQ^. `~OQ= q
O`[" +Ok H^!
_ : h= KÔ` Q< L#k. Hh, =# Z^~Q L# ==#
OÔ_ Z\ LO@Ok? Z^~Q [Q` LO_Q JH~ $Ò, JOQO Z\ Ô?
q_ : XH<Hx =# ^~OQ L# U^ Lì`"# ^$=# K_@O
Q" L#^#H... JC_`_ qOx |, ~ QiOKH =@O =# J#=
=QK# q+ " H^! J#Q, nx J~O Uq\? =# ZH_ Q"` JH_ J#= O
OkQx, s~O L#K@ H^ Jx H^! D z# J#"x P~Q fO>,
''JO_ (Non - Attached) J~#\"_ D OKO UH~OK<, H [##
OiOz< e_ H_ J< =`~"# ÔÒ =#O QOKQQÒ.
OH x =#A_ qH ~ `" # Y=# O^`_. WO^ <HO O^ O
^. P`_ =# H PKiOK =K. ^ PKiOKH =K. J\ "xH
F L=# H~}O G 571
H~ $`, H $`= LO_=. JOÒQ= x =# JH~. Jk =H= , O`=,

LH=, xi= _.

<O! ~^~= JO`~=# P` L#k. J\ P` OQ ~~

qo`" # \ OKH= (J#=-}=-=<=-q*#=-P#O^=
H) WOk~ (|~~~QO^=), Q ^~ QKi<~.
r=_ OKH= "}=K ^~=# P~OK@" O~=.
D r=x ~O, =O, P#O^=" J~#\H, O~=# P~OK@K
P`#O^= #O_ q_=_K<_. ~_ _ JO~#= O `z@ O@<_.
J\ ^~ ^#O x~OKO> XH> LO, Jk ''~^Y^=Q JO`~OQ
qQ=# "Ô\ [~OK@".
JO^H~H =#O uÔ. #n[O =^[O "tOz#C_ P =^
[O` UHÒ O^K#@ D z`= _ `#x JO`~OQ^+O `lOz#C_
W\ O~^ # O_ q_=_#^ W`~ O`~ =# O^K#k. PH==
x~"#^ ....WH JC_ =H~=Q P`` SH"O^K#k.

4. OH` JOH`
(Attachment - Non Attachment)
_ : J``= a+Q F z=_! ''OQ" JO`\ H H~}O J< h

"HO < H ì < ~. J~` r=# J 'OQ= J< |OÔ Z\ HQÒk?
=~, "HO Z\ U~_Q^? OQ=# x"iOK@"\?
q_ : D r=_ qK~} KH=@K`< J#~=h =z_`<~. P`_
ZO^H ''Wk ^=,Wk ^ - J# qQO K qK~} K\xH LHqOK@"
^. Q, WH_ U~_ LO_ ~~^~= QiOz Hx qs` "# O^K,
''D ^" <#, P ^" P`_ J# ^$+x, qx Hey LO@<_. J^ OH.
P OH r=x |^xQ KOk. =#O ^xx `yOKH=\xH LHqOKe.
WO^ `~_ u s~^s J#O``~_. J\ J#O`` `` =#
^~=O K` ^H= iK^=Q Oz` ^$+` QOKK<O.
_ : J\ ^~O Z\ =# J=_Ok? ^x H ~"q\?
572
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
q_ : Jiz# Y~=Q P`# qiOz =#O q+Y= H~H U~_
LO_ JO`~ OH "Q Ja=Y==`<O. J\ Ja=Y`" |O^xH H~}=
QK#k. WH r=#_, ''WÔ` _ P` H^! WH <# ^xx H~e? ^xx
`lOKe? J\ = < J#=~O ...J# JOkQ"# (Beyond doubt) JOQ ux
Hey LO@<_.
JO_ -
_ : JOx =#u, H~H== Z\ LO\ KC.
q_ : P`x J=Q# W\ LO@Ok-
''iz#=Q JOH~xH <# q+" H^. < a#OQ ZH_ Un ^.
H|\, q^~= =`" J~# D ^^ LO_ QH! LO_O_ QH! <#
=Ò g@x\H "~# "_#. ~^ JOQ_#.
J\ ^$_ x= Hey# JO`H~}= Q"_ =HA_ J=`_. P`xH
''J! D H~ K= =O^! g\x `lOKe H^ J# H~`*H LO_^.
K H =_O K` H~ O^ "t OK_ . H~ kO z<, kO KH ~< ===
Hey LO\_. ~H= =_ HO_ P` `` = #O^ =`" x+ Hey
LO\_.
~H~n<O =#= # H~} I
x}O i`w -OH Wu $` II ( 8, ~ 68)
<~` ~H~# P H` HH =#` `lOz" LO\_. P`x
H P`*# =O K` ~ ^+ OQ, JH$u=OQ J_y `~. P`
H~H =}-=#<k uO^ =`" ^ Hey LO\_.
OH - q`=! ! OH =#< ^Y~t JO` qiOz, "k YQ
H\ `=Òk.
''XH Q_^ ^ |~= " `_K D_|_@O... XH =$HO j`"``#
=#OQ J#q H^ H "^H LO_@O... XH ~Q J<H s~^ #QK#
\H _ ~OÔ HO Q_@O... XH H }, t^ ~=#
_` K@ LO_ PHe` J=\OK@O... XH _ Q_ ~H H~ uO@
ZC_ U H~`_ }O "_#x O` "#H, =O^ ^~K
K_@O... } kH~Q [# ^ ^ JOQ=# Q@ O@ =$QHq
H@H L^# O^@O, `$}=Q =~=Q \ [~=~} ~O~# ~z
K_@O.
F L=# H~}O G 573
...W=h _ OH H =O K` U~_K# q~". Jk J<H

J#~= ` _ L#^, |@, _ J<H ^~= " Q qi Oz =~= #
=QK#k. 'O~= J##k OH H ~".
J~` D OH ~O_ ~HQ LO@ ~O_ =uiH k xqOK|_
LO\Ok.
1. =O^ (OO`y#) OH - Wk =O^hQ ``"` LO_ OH.
O~=i`", q"H= K`, P``` ^ K` [xOk. nx =O K`< OYKH
Q^^~_Q q+= qq^ HK =H=# e<~. x~O|_Q ~
Q"#_ u~E QQ#=~O ` #k D =OÔH K`<. J\Q
|^=_ $+H # K # k, =HO`= `~ "` q^ =H " Q x# k
D =OÔH =O K`<. nxK`< qu+`_Q t=_ 'QiJ# |O^=#
P _ s~=# u Hey LO_ e\ HOQ|OQ~O JQK<~. nx =O
K`< |O_=# ^H=, `k`~ `H= [~=~} =i`=#
=~HO, [<HO, `HO, K~K~ H$u ~K#, u Hey L<~.
2. =O^ (Oz`"# [#O Hey LO_) OH - Wk J*# LO@Ok.
~=~~ ~`"#k. P``` *#~`=. ^^~ ^^~} "Q
PHiOK|_@ Wk H~}O. nx H ~O O~ ^$_H . Q^ ZH_ PHO
qi HO^ L# =O =H ^ Hey L#@ =OÔH =O K` =#
#O^ =~O^~a+ Hey r=_ 'Q= J< O@O _K<_.

q`=! _! ''OH H =O U=x K=O\=! OH =O
K`< Qe gOk. OK` u Ok LO@<~. D K~K~ [QÒ` =$`
=Òk. ~O ^=`, q =#A, Ò ~=, J~, "_
O_ ~Q OH K`< u Hey LO_@O [~QÒk. ^x =O K`< [
`~OQ JOMH"# }H@ L`#=QK<~, K<~ ... <~,
_K<~. OH` K`< ÔK~O `~"` _ h O^ Hey LO_@O
[~QÒk. =`<#~O |=O`_ |#x kOK@O, +`
[# H\ OK@O, #H` =O_= L^=, KO^x j` HO,
WO^k ^=` OiH K~ Jx\H =O P r= OH` =#<.
<=! JO`H^. z` qz` =*=` _# D Z^~Q LO_ ^$
[Q`# K<= H^! WÔ` "< =O K` Z=~ z^H=# edOK~.
"#H Q =~ ~ OH`.
574
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
_ : J=#. D [Q` |K=`~=# q` _x L#k. PH Q
Z=~ nxx ~zOK~.
=#VH~V} < "q [Q#" I
kÔ ~zÒ zÒ ``Ò # H^K# II ( 40, ~ 68)
q_ : <HO =#OH J< ~OQ` edOK|_# D [Q`z `= ` "# k
Z#\H H^.
_ : H^?
q_ : H< H^. ZO^HO> WÔ` OH` Q r=xK HeOK|_, OH` Q
r=Q}=K O^|_K#k. `$+ OH` <Ok.
OH` | =î`"#k _ Jx QOK. JytYK `$}=Q
H O |_K#@ PH z`_ ^Y=K +OKK [eOKK# #~HQ ZO_H>
= JQK<_. J#Q #~HQh J\ PH ` r= K`, "i H~H [e< ~.
P`_ O^x ^Y=O@ ZH_ LO_^. D OKOx ^Y*=O` Hz`x
H~ qi ~~=x PxOk. Jq^ JO> =~" H^. =#OQ" Jq^.
Jk D ~`=Q [~=~}=# HQ* H= hQ qiO*Ok.
=#O WO` KC#k XH "HO KO>... JO`~ OH J#
|OÔ. ^x i`Q" q"K#O.
PH ~`"# =# J#O`HO = OÒQ LO@Ok. J\ =#
L#@ H#|_K#\H x^ H#H, =#O *#^$+x OkOKe. *#=K q+
q<#O kOk. q+ ~`=K =# OH ~ÒQ LO@Ok. OH
~`"# =## Ok... Jk =H. J\"_ =_.

5. P`^$+ - PH ~Ò
q_ : H#H `_! =#O ~^ ~ ==~= PKiOKK#\H,
~ ` _ LO@#\H, x+^= # , Jx+^= # HH,
H~ # x~iOK
= =#\H q"H=O`" LO_e. =## JOH"# ^xQ LOK@O
JOKe.
_ : J#Q =## UO Ke?
q_ : =#O =## ...^-J^= Qi# HO^ Qx, QuOz#
O@# (H) J#==O^ Qx LOK=^. J\Q ^xx =~=# ^~=O^
F L=# H~}O G 575
Qx, PH=#O^ Qx, kO^ Qx, =$H [O` r=O^ Qx, `k`~
PkuH ^~= O^ Qx x=^. J^ qÔQ, `Ô^ Qx,
WOkq+ =$Ò^ Qx, PûH ==^=#O^ Qx, =^=#
Qx, <tHQ=#O^ Qx, =Y=#O^ Qx, HO\O^ Qx... xqOK=^.
JO`H^. =# =## JO^H~=#O^ Qx, H=#O^ Qx,
$^H=# Qx, *Q`+O^ Qx, `~[`" Q}=O^
Qx, Q}"#=O^ Qx, H~=~=#O^ Qx, H~}=Q J=H=#O^ Qx,
$+ H Pk=Ô`=O^ Qx, ^y~ Qx, ^~OQ Qx, <=~`H=Q
^~ ==O^ Qx, |~~~QO^=O^ Qx, `q+`
*#=#O^ Qx, z~Or"k Ô^ Qx =#O PHO K~^x < K#,
u^# _. '~H ~Ò JO> J^.
_ : Q< L#k Hx, =i D =## ZH_ LOKe. J#H}O # H
==~= =>q\? =#O g\x x~iOK^=! =^?
q_ : =#O |=# =`" uHey LOÔ. OQ~`" |==#
Ok# `~"` WH D OK ==~= x~OK= =z< XH>? JH~H
~< XH>. "= PH=# O|OÔ #@ P`~`=Q =# ''D
H~ "\x x~iOK@K U~_ e`= "^# q+=` U=`=
O|OÔ LO_^... U~_^.
_ : JO> =#O |kH _ HÒ =Oz LO\=?
q_ : ''<# |kH HÒ =<# J# ~=# LO_ `~H
# _ =ê"Ô. O`", z^#~" ^n=#=Q =} =
` O^ uHey LOÔ. HK ~`" LOÔ. x~O`~`Ô
H"~ =QÔ.
OH H~}=Q Jq^H="# =#O^ "~` LO_O_ QH!
WH HO\", Jq =#O X#~K#\H "\ e`=# =#O O^=^.
~|O HO J=~ D Ô LO> LO_h. nx H LxH Qx, q Qx
=# O|OkOKx q+ LO_ QH! D ^=#, nx` U~_ q#
P`^$+`< K LOÔ.

576
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
6. P`~=O
q_ : q`=! ! <# J<H ^ OKiOK#. < qO`H~}Q
HO^~ =h `~_~. "~O` JOH Y= (The pleasantness of non
- attachment or non - relatedness)# O^K, W^ OK=# ==i _
H =i` LO@<~. =HO HeyOKQ ''^#O #tOK@O, ^~Ò,

J==< =z _@O "^# O^~ _ U=Ò H# Hey LO_O_
LO@<~. ~=~ Y=K JO`H~}=#O^ ~, =YO ~KO^
g_O_ O`z` WÔ` î<~. zyO[ h " h~ x~O J~
Ht# @, D Lkx L yOz x~`x OkOz OKi< ~. q+ H
~`, O`~`, L`==# Q"~ JQ =h ZH_O\~ P
i~ _ ~= q`=`~.
*x x`= PÒ^ b#" LO\_. H#H `k`~ ~ q+ = Ke# \H
`# =`= ~== O^ _ LO\_. O HxOK OK#=,
a`"# u Q` q<= WH J`xxH "tOK=.
_ : JO>, WH_ LO_ P i` P`_ OkOK_O\"?
q_ : [O uaOaOK ~_ `~O Q= J == O a`= QK#@
HxOz< _, aO| ~_Q PH ~_ P uaO| O|O^" # J= = K
iOK|_`_?
_ : ^. Z\ iOK|_`_? PHO "QK# ~#, [O u
aOaOK uaO|=# ~O|OÔ Uq LO@Ok?
q_ : Q K=. `~OQ=x ~ uaO|= O^ zO^~=O^~
"= ~xH U=Ò KO^#@, ==~``~_ H==z# *xH P ==~
x =, q=, H~ H~}= - `# O|OkOKx"
LO\~. ==~ ``~_ LO@< ''<# x`=, `=, x+OH= JQ P`#.
D H~, ``=, O|O^= #<\ JO@`~? J< [# Hey LO\_.
P`xx $tOK QeQn, P~~K QeQn, =$`=` ... D #O`~
Un LO_^... LO_*^. =#O *#O H=\xH uOK_" LzÒ H^!
=#O |Ô H"e.
_ : |^ J#Q Z=~? Z\ LO\~? O~O KiOK@C_ "
=~# Z\ LO@Ok?
F L=# H~}O G 577
q_ : *#i`=, x~= JQ |kx OkOz#"ix |^ J< ~`

KCO@<O. J\ ''|^ P`^ =x` JQ =h ZC_
P` O^ ~q LO\~. "~ xH <=e OK= H z=i QOQ
KOKOQ LO_=K QH! JO`~=# =Ò "~ ~ÒQ JKOKOQ LO\~.
`Q Ht# =} Z^~Q=# Z]\ == uaOaO>, JO`=Ò
K`, P Z =}H JO@Ò^?
P`^ Ok# z`= Y ^Y=K ~OlÒ H^. H=O [O L#\H
[O H==# JO@^ H^! U r=_` r"~ ``=# Zy, z^#O^=Q P
~=` O^ OQ"# z`= H"_ LO\_ J\"xx D O~ q+,
q U=Ò H+Ò K=. ~=` *#O Ok, ~H< =i`_ ^#O
H =-J== O^ _ P`#= =Q_ LO_ "xx 'P`~=_, _
Jx _ LO\~. J\ "_ Q=O`_ J=`_.
_ : =#O JOQÒ O^^\?
q_ : P`~== (P` O^ ~qOK"~) J~#C_ D OKO`
=#O JOQÒ O^QQÒ. ''P`*<`~ K` =`" OH #tOk. ^xH
"~ =iOH =~"n ^.
=#O D *Q` = `KK# ^+`=# _ Jf` ===Ô.
"f`" L#\ =# H ~O Ô^~ Ò, xÒ, P`^ xÒ Jx = K
Ja=iO|_Ok H^! =#O = z# P` H q+}= @ ^$_"#
=## P~Oz LO> P` H~" "QO^QO. KOâO|O H=OQ
`# H# `l J=" =KiH `# H aO| `=Q ~x O^ SH
==Òk KK"? (WH_ ~_ aO|OQ# KO^xO^ H#|_ H=
uaO| =OQ L^tOK|_Ok).
=#O ''<# x`_#. Ô^~`_#. P`Qx`_#. [# =$`=
_ H =`_#. Wq < =HO [iQq. <# g\H O|OkOz#"_# H#.
JYO__#Q < PÔ` = J##\ |==# O^Ô.
=# z`= `# z` ^# =^Q, =#O z`~ `=Ô. ~ H< ~ `" # \
O` ux O^Ô. ''*Q` #O^ + JO> J^. JC_ =#O ZH_<
UO K< Y^Y= J< `\K |OkOK|_O. P qÔQ ~f`"# =##
"kOK Q, P~~K Q^n ^<Q H LO_*#C_ =xî [#
~H` Ok#@.
578
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
_ : q`=! WO`H z`=# OÒ HQ*#\ J# H~}"q\?
q_ : W+Jx+=, J= O|OkOz# Px~ J##q
r"OH~=# H~}=QK<~. r"OH~" z`= # OÒ HQ* Ok.
_ : x["! S` WC_ r"OH~O `QO> =#O UO K LO?
q_ : ''<# |=#. ~=#. ~=# J##\ P`^# =# z`=
O^@ =#O Ke. ZO^HO>, J@ Ok# z`=# =iOHn U qÔQ#
kOK^. PÀ J\ z`= H ux ''*Q`+ Jx LO\~.
Jk x~OH$`"# u. qA_ J\ z`=` $^ x~ H =` P H~
(H~==#) x~i LO\_. J~`, P H~==K _ P`_ |OkOK|__.
=#O _ J\ *Q` + =$ux J=OaOz, P ~| iH=K
OOK =# =~"z`"# H~ PKiÔ. Hh ^xh PKiOKx "~Q<
LOÔ. *# H~Q}O Hh, H~`[O Qh H~~. ~#~OQ Uk Z@
Lz`", O^~" Jk JO`=~ PKiOKK JH~= ==# J=î LO\~.
=# =~O _ Jk JQQH!
Wx+= q+O +|k HeyO_ =#O H~= PKiÔ.
JC_ =#O ^xH H~O H=. ''JH~ $` =O QOz P ^`ÔQ
K=#q KÔ. KQ_xq =#Ô. OH qH~`" LOÔ.
=_ < a_ T TQ` U OHO O_< #=@O, HiO`
H@@O, H K` q^@O K O k KK"? =#O _ =# zOuOK O_<
H PKiÔ. q+=i`", q+f`", K`#^= #O^ O`"
LO_@O JÔ.

P`*#O Ok# `~"` r=_ U H~ x~i_... "\ O^ P`_ '<#
H~# J< =O O^_. JH~ $Ò P`xH =" J=Òk. z`= #O^ "#
H =@O K` P`x JO`H~} = j`Ò Ok LO@Ok. ~ J= O^ =~_,
i~_ =`[ J~ LO\_. Jx |`=# HO_ XH f~Q LO@Ok H^!
=$H=, zQiH "H Q ~Ò Qe g#C_ P HêHK H^K
#@ H#|_Òk. P H^ =K<" Qx, ~ Ò H^ Ò^? n~`_ =
#O^ HHHK KOK= Ok#\H JO`~=# JKOK_ LO@<_. J\
KOK ~`"# JO`~OQu =#O OkOKe. P D s~= L<, <
H, =i U^< Z\ L< =# Hq #+O?
F L=# H~}O G 579
[Q` H ~`= J##k =#A# J=O K`< ^$__Òk.

"@" ^@ [Q` ~ `" # \ XHH<H + u x J OKe. J\ u J QOK
^$__#C_ ^x< `À# =` '`s u Jx ~. =#O JO^
uÔ. ~ q =# ^sHiOz = ^ O O^K, *<#O^="
P D [Q^K## XH b= îOK@O JO KÔ. HP=
x "~", O~ =~Ò JQK, J\ `s= O`" WH D
O~=# =#O _=^.
_ : q`=# '` ^q x Ok#"_ WH D [Q` UO KO\_?
q_ : J\ n~|k H"_ D OK=# Kz, J*#H~}O K` H\ `
=QK# WOê r= L^Q^# Q=x #=O@<_. XH Z`# "_ z=i
QO x|_ L#C_ HO^ ~î KiOK [##, ~^# K#@ ...
=#O _ ^~OQ LO@, D O~ q<=# îÔ. H` Ôx [#
=O Q JO|On " QOKÔ. u x P~Oz *Q$`+
HO> _ Jf`" # =^#O^" # u x O^Ô. Q P~OK `s=#
_ JkQqOz Jx~Kh=, |= JO^xk JQ JYO_, J" =O
J=Ô. `sf` ==Ô.

iQe`= [# H b#`"=a=# I
~=~=~O u Ò [Q`#=Y}=#` II ( 33, ~ 70)
J `sf`_# =HH `"Q}`H=Q Ja=#=O` ~`==Òk.
H #x [# ` `=Q "# #y `~! H~ = `y`~.
h _ LCQ =# ~=#O^ =~, ~=#O^=Q P`
`# J=îOk! ...JO^=# =#O L`= Ò =Ô^= QH!

7. P` J""#k
N=+ =i : KK", ~=! P qÔQ "i^~ "@"^@ `
~OaOz ~"`=Q <~=# qK~} K~. HH=OQ x~ *#O Ok
x~~. =H ~~.
H#H, r=_ D *Q` +#|_ J=Ò H "= ~O
KHQ qKi LO_e =! "\x H~=Q 'z<`= #O^ ~
"==# O Ke. JC_ +OKk '`s= H H=b^=.
580
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
N ~=_ : q O"Ô qxOK@C_ q~ '`sf` u J<
Ô "_~. Jk q^"#^? ^"#^? P`_ r=#_? U "^ "HO P`xH
J#~Ok?
N=+ =i : `s=# P= L# `sf` Ô, D q^, ^=,
"^"H q+" H^. =#A PH= q+" H^ H^! J~` Jh
_ LqOKk JO^<. "=# PH" Q=#"#@, q^=
_ P `sf`" Q=#O. ~=Q *#=# Ok# r=_ D *Q`
+ x [Q` # HO`HO H_~HOQ QOKK, XH<HC _ Ô^f`_
~=#O^ i`_ `~f``= J=î<_.
N~=_ : D s~O P u LO@O^? LO_^?
N =+ =i : W\ =#O Hx~ =^#O KC<O. J~< =~
=^#q<#. q#.
D Ô HO Ok#C_, H =$k Ok#C_... `^#Q}OQ *#O
HO O^Ò^x Qx, =$k O^Ò^x Qx J#O@<"? ^. Jk =
=`" . =$k H
J<q s~=" Qx, Jq *#=# ^ =# O|OkOz#
^~ H=. =i D uHÔ H =$k H q+O hHO^? JO^= UO
[#O? Ô U J= L#\H h= =Ò H=O P`^ H ~Ò
QiOK zOK, uOK. D H$ uH =#=O^Q h= Z@<".... J> LO_.
F ~"! h= *x"#! D *Q`+ J= QiOz, g\K
iO|_*x ` ~=Q |= QiOz h= Ziy L<= =!
N~=_ : Ziy L#^xx O^= L#k H^?
N=+ =i : ''-O ``" J" | r"|u <~ ~"
Ye^" | P` Ò [Q` q^ UH"" kf" | "^Q JYO_
"H~= ~=Q P`# h= Ok L<=. 'H`Q P`# Oê J<
"=# ^~OQ LOK. D "H= <# ~ ^ ^~# L^t Oz KC K<#.
''uH ^~=Q [#, [~, =$`=# <# O^K<# J# ="# =##
g~O` =ê" O_. ''<# ~_ # , JYO__#, `_#, =_ # J# ~=
Q ^Y~`=Q =^~=# OkOKO_. JO^H~O Qh, "= Qh
#\ x~HO aOKO_. Wx+= # `lOz, j`` H=K i_q O_.

F L=# H~}O G 581
N~=_ : =# #O_ ^$=# O|OkOz# = Z\ `yOKH=@O?

Jk JO` èH# q+=?
N=+ =i : =O` =O K` PHQ=# kx Ok# XH y < x|_
XH K\ #O_ WOH K\H ^~ ^~ O` #_z " =# H~O\_?
^ H^! P`=#K O#"# h =# hK ==# P~OK =#
<=Ok? D |O_=O` ^ H =iK^ ~`=Q '^ z<`=K
i~" LO_Q, ''D s~^ <#. D ^#= ~[= "^#q <q, < "~,
Hx "~ J#O@ = K\==# <=#^ KC?
"H= Q ~= ` 'P` J< ~ HeOK<O. ^~xH P`_ <=~
^= Jf`=, JÒ` ^~= J~#"_. P`xx =# qOK^. WH
Q}, x~}= Z\ P`xH =i~ KC? <@HO XH_ x~i# ` H
H}= "^#q P ` î# =H H =HQ` q x~zOz KQ"?
WH h H#|_K# "~~ ^= =>q@O\"? =^= J#Q ["
H^! [=# '^ `~OQ z# `~OQ J< ^"H_^! JÔ uaO|O
H#|_K#O` =Ò K` JÔ J^=# "~#^^ ^~O "tOzOÔ\"?
WH_ "~"~ H} qH}=h [Q<@HO`~` He` q!
=^=O` [" J~#@, ^~}O HxOKÔ` ^~}" J~#@ D
[Q^H~OQ qiOz H#|_Ô` ~=` XH H}O _ a#"#k H^.
~=` a#"# [Q`#O^ ''^=, J#|O^=, <q, hq J# =#
K>H _? J\Q ''<# r=_#, JA_# , x, H~ |^_ # J##Ô` ~*#O
#C_ U~_ # =`".
D ^Ô^ Hx# h "=_=? "\O^ h KOk#^k? KO^x^k?
D KOk# KO^x q+ H `` "q\? HOKO z = "@O`@ J"
`Q`~.

^~xH ^ Ò Qx, ^ Qx =. ~_# K@ JO^H ~O Q^ H^!
P`` ''h=, <#, P`_ , hk, <k, [xOK@, KK @, =$k, H = J# ==~=O`
U=Ò Q^. XH" '^ `= H^ Jx Z=~< ukOz<, P ^ `=`
P` O|OÔ ^ . j`+= =, pH\ "Q = Jq ~ O_ ~ ~ q~^= #
q+. XH\ îOKK#"xH ~O_=k JQOK^. J~` 'LxH J##k iOK
uK\ [_ K`< H U~_ LO\~. P ~O_\ H XH<H Jq<=O LO\Ok.
582
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
JO`=Ò K` ''z<`=Q P` ^=`\ `^`= H^ Jx Z=~<
"k~". J@=O\ JaO ''^"y =OK =H ~kÔ\Ok Jx
J#H=_O O\k =! XH<H_ =$Q`$+# ^~OQ LO_ K<_#H...
''~x `[ QegzH iOz#C_ < J@ [`~OQ== =K`
JxOk J# *#= H =O K` ''JH_ `\HO L#k J# ==
#tOk H^! XH ` == ^~#=K =`" q^ ^$+ #tOk.

F ~=! XH q+O =Ò h ''[ ZH Ô #O_ U =Ò H=^.
J^q@O>... z`~=Q P` x~", x`", OHH", qH~~`",
JYO_" , J" " ~ ^ "QO^K#k. Jk hH < H "= ~O.
< D "H q#@O [~QK# D x, D =x JOî
~O J^! u XHx "= ~O J^! h= Qx, <# Qx, WH_ a
Qx, `q +`=~= #= `k`~ Qx... P` "~ Q =~n J~ LO_^ .
J~ LO_=. =#=O^~= P`~" J~ L<=.
WH D ^xH = Wk Jx`=, =`=. D Ô O HHO
H^. Wk =~H^xK HtO|_K#k. P`Q <# qH~~ `_#. D s~" ...
qH~`"#k. J\ D s~O` P` O|O^"\ HQÒk KC?
D ^= }"=K K+`=QK#k. J#=, [= "^# "\K
=i`=QK#k... WO`< ZC_ H$tOKK#k. nx` <# =i#, H$tOK#...
H#H D qÔQ ^=`\ r=# O|OÔ Q< Q^.
h, ^ ` ^$+` D s~, P`# ijeOK=#H... ''^ ` k J#Q
''r=# "~# =~H ` H^ Jx H^? =i P ~O_= ` Uq\? ...Jk _
K`#" H^! K`#=, r=# Qx K`#=, P ~O_= ` Qx Ô LO_^.

O[~O OO - KK" ~=! D s~=, P`# qK~} ^$+`
K_H=_O K`< ~ J#~= =z _`<~.
N~=_ : [Q`^$+ JO`\ H ~`"#\ D JO`H~}=# H~}"q\?
N=+ =i : D =^#O ^ ''J*#", =_`", JqK~} Jx
KCK<~. P` ''qs` O~=# QOK@ J# "=K `# `
H *#=# `lOz = c[`=Q z`H~ i}==# îOk.
O H=#_, O *u ~_ JQ ~Q"#x K_.
Q}=O P`x @ '~= J# `= U~_Òk KK"? ""xH
F L=# H~}O G 583
~x `= (Darkness) Z\ LO@O^? ''~Q}= J##k q

KiOK r= H ^$K=`~" H^!
J\Q, qHe JO="#\H P`# [##-=~}^ J< J*#O H
LOKÒk. J#~ `=# D zÒ ` =Q P``` O H Z~HK, H, *#=K...
Qk nO "eyOz# `~"` pH\ Q... H}O #tOKQ^. z`=# i^
~K#O` HO J*#O [x< LO@Ok.
F [#~! q~O` D z`= QiOz, WO^ U~_=# ^+^$+ QiOz
Q qK~} KO_. D z`=#H 'r=_, =#, JO`H~}= "^# ~
_ LO@<x QOKO_.
N~=_ : ! =#O H#y# D qK~} H P~_` H~ XH q+O
=O^Q KO_. D z`=# 'r=_ JO`H~}= "^# O[h Z\
U~_K<~. Z\ ~_ O^K<~?
N=+ =i : J<H `~OQ ZH_#O_ =K~? [O #OK H^! J\Q =
^~= =+z`= #O_ ^~q<~. P```=`\ UH`^ K Wk
h= `H Q=.
XHi =^=# K_. JO^ [O XHK@ KOK=# JOMH `~O Q
Hey LO\Ok. WOHHK@ O^#~ÒQ, `~OQ O_ OÒQ LO\Ok.
O^#~=Q P` XHK@ x~OQ, Ô Q, =~H K@ uaO|~OQ LO\Ok.
t "^#q K# ~ÒQ `= O^ `" u HeyL<~. Hx =#=_,
`k`~ [O`= K` K#= Hey L<~. s~=x\ O^ P
qq^ ~= ~=`H H LO_#k. J~` P H Hx ^=
He`~ " # J*#O Hey LO\Ok. P ~= ` He`=Q J*#=# P~Oz,
^_ J@ LO@<_x QOK.
uaO| ^# Ok# ~=` P*<=~}# Hey L#C_ ''r=_ J#
~` =#O < O. "" xH D r=_ 'O~= J# =`H" # O[~Ox
O=x QOK.

8. P` JO`.... Jx\
P` XHK@ `# uaOa` "HK r=^~} KOk. }=# uQ
qOz "\x Ok 'r=_ Jx JxOKO\Ok. P` 'r=_ Q JQOk.
584
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
''<#, <# Jx J#H#K JOH~=Q JQK#k. JOH~= P`.
'x~OK^# QH J# ==~= "tOz '|kQ JQK#k. |k
P`~"! OH, qH=# X#~@< '=# J#~ J~=QK#k.
=# P` K=`~"! P`!
=<^= H~}=Q@K 'H$u JQK#k. H$u P`H S~"!
P`! =i@K '^=Q JQK#k. ^`Ò_ P`!
J*<kH`K '[_= Jx, K`# ^#= H\ Oz#C_ 'K`#= Jx
=zOK|_Òk. [_, K`#= P`q<=! P`!
N~=_ : J =# J#Q Uq\?
N=+ =i : ~=! =#O J<H H} #O_ W\=~ KC# `~"`
=~ ''=# JO> Uq\? Jx tO> < HOKO #= =Ok. J~< h=
J_Q@O =z`". q#. =~H H}O #O_ K`#.
''J*#= ^xH H ...=^ Q ` ~=``=Q =#. P
=# J<H`= Ok ''r=_, |k, z`=, JOH~=... "^# "+=#,
OV# îOk. #=~ +OK #@_ XHH <@HO XHH~ =x`"#
"+O "#@, =# J<H ^~=# J=îOz =iOk.
=# H ~O P`. J~` ~=! hqH_ XH q+O JÒ` H;
|k` QOKx =#q K<#. Ki<#. J*#, ^~^, =_
JQ HO^~ ì ''Wk =#, Wk |k, Wk z`=, Wk r=_, Wk ^=_ Jx
J<H x~K#= "tOz P O[ =~OQ Jax"O Hey LO@<~.
qA "\x ^#=Q, LH~}=Q, #=Q K~Qx, ^=Q
H^. ^_ ^#= ZH_ iq`=` Q LO_x < =#q.
N~=_ : q KiH < J`#`"# ~=~" QKiOk. J~` =~H
O^ O. s~O L#O` =~ O~= LO_ f~Òk H^! O~O L#O` =~
J*#O LO@OkH#H, O[ J=~O LO_ LO@Ok H^? H|\ O~=#
H~}O D ^"#x J#=K?
N=+ =i : r=_ O~=# H~}=QK<_Qx, =Q=, n#= J~#
D Ô O~=# U=Ò H~}O H^. HqÒ aHk HqOzQx,
HOOz H^!
XH O_ h L<#H... O_y e` h #t ? P^~=, P^
=
- D ~ O_\ XH\ #tOz#O` =Ò K` ~ O_=k #tOK^ . XH P ZO_~O^#H
F L=# H~}O G 585
...JC_ JO^x ~O U=~Ok? #tOzO^?... ^! Jk ~H~}=

"tOzOk. =~H ~k^#k. JO`.
s~O #tOz< P` #tOK^. P`# P~Oz, P`KK xi`" D s~^
U~_ LO@<~.
JO^K`... P` "< `"` D s~O "# O^ LO@Ok. P` O^
"# ~`"` D s~O z^HO LO@Ok.
U ^~k J~` ''D s~O #tOzO^ ... < x J~~#>. <# #tOz#>
Jx J#O\_, J\"xH è #O Ò J#==Ò^x < JaO.

=##=K |OÔ U~_Òk. ZC_` L^, O~= O|OkOz#
=##= `QÒ^ ...JC_ J\ r=_ `ÔQ `#H |==#
Oi_. x~u#O^=# O^`_.
J~`... s~O #tOz< zÒ LO@Ok. z`" r=x H;Ô. z`=
"\ "\ QiOz ^, =##= PkH` Hey LO\... P J#==
J#OQ `~"u L^ U~_K<~.
N~=_ : XH" z`" #tOzO^#HO_....? JC_ =Òk?
N=+ =i : JC_OH=#k? ~=Q P` +OK@" ~=#O^
^H=Q '"H= J~ L#k.
H#H... ^= #tOK@K Un #tOK@ ^! ...WH z`= #tOz#C_
#" aOKQ^. =iOH zO` ^xH KC.
''D`_ =~}OK_, #tOK_ J# H^#=O` q^ H^#". JÔ`
_ J` H# =`".
D r=_ ~= q+ " J*#= U~_ L#O`=~ "~ ~ L^ #,
^ H=#, u Q`# QOKK< L<_. XH<HC_ ij#K,
`=K `# ~"q\ QOz D [#, H~, KH=# x~k<_...
H `l<_. xqQ K<_. "H= J#Q J^!
'=~}= J< #kx `~OQ=K H@x =K# Q_~H= HO^~
r= ^H = H<~O ~ J<H ~ " x+ =}=# x~iOKO@
`<~. XH ^ H= "" `# [# Jx, ^x #O_ x+=}" `#
=~}=x =# Hi J<H~ ''<# ^dx, dx, hK}, Q"_x W`k
K< O@O =QK <_. HO_=K XH K@ =ê =~H K@# ZK#@
P`_ XH s~O =ê =~H s~O "t < _. HO`HxH Jk =ê WOHH\ . ..
586
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
Ki`K~}OQ |^~ @iQ #O y< L<_. q $`"# "~H
^ H= "tOz ''<# WC_ \# Jx `KK L<_. e `#
## XH WO\Oz =~H WO\H K~#@ J`_ `# "# XHK@ #O_
=~H ^H= Qx=K<_.
N~=_ : D r=xH ` _# D }O ZO` HO?
N=+ =i : J=#. Jk [#, =$`, "~H, "^ ` _# }".
"#` _ L#O`=~ P H#Q`< LO@Ok. ^#` =
`_ = "#K H@|_# D r=_ ''Lk^=-H= ...J# =_
^~= Q J<H < D_|_ J<H~ ^M#, tk`x O^K<_.
"i "# "i#\ k<~. JO`Qx "ix =iOH=~ kOK@ ^.
J*# ^~}, =~= P~OK@K P`_ J<H rq`=# =$^
KO@<_. "]"_ K` Ozx *# "Hx K` K^~=# xOO@
~OQ J_Q " ^d`_QK#@, D r=_ èqQ "# `yOKH
=Ok ~, =iOH OKO@<_.
KK"! P`_ `# $Ô [x# "#K @~QQ |Ok`_
î^, qQk ^Y= ~O =, qq^ # JqO`Q OK~O
K<_. J<H ^~K [~i`_QK<_. z~HO #~H == _
<_.

=yOK|_Ok. Ou =O` =zOK|_~.

P u XH~ ''P! =_" =~" "= O~~}O ZO`\
n~ } H#y<O! =i Q~KH` = Qu Uq\? Wk ZO`\
k#O! WH_ OQ qQ Ô` HeyO_ L`~`~ q+
zOK@O ^! ^# ~O " =~eOKH` `^H^! F
=~~! F ~=KO^! q ^#"^. = Q~K=Ok Q~K~!
~^ H$ÀO Jx `= `= KCO@ Q$#Y~.

(^=_= ~A qK~} i J~Ok)

F L=# H~}O G 587
^<= ~A
X. q"H ^$+
1. P` ^= O|OÔ
^<= ~A ^qkQ ~O"#k.
N~=_ : Ò_! =s! x#\ ~A z=i ''D r=_ ^=` _ J<H ^
H= " x+=}=# x~iOK@O QiOz q~ Oy<~.
N=+ =i : =Ozk. =#O D Ô q+" =iHx q qK~} KÔ.

F ~=KO^! XH q+O =~Hi Q~ K<#.

^*` # *`-! ^#+ # # I
`=`#HOH`! ^= #H# II
1. D Ô [xOK@K h= [xOK@ ^. Ô HO> =O^Q< h= L<=.
2. ^= L#O`HO ^_Q LO_< L<=.
3. Ô #tOz#O` =Ò K` h= #tOK=. ^`yQ h= LO_< LO\=.
h q+O, < q+O, D x u XHi q+O, q+`x ~r=
q+O W\^.
h= ""xH ` O^ JHOH~_" "K<=. D Ô` hHq
O|O^" ^. =#Oîx uXHi q+O W\^!. O_ ye< O_x ~Q
O_ Uq H#@ (O_|^~ <O) D s~O #t r=_ #t_#H=@O
H=O H#, = =`". #~=Q D Ô #t Jk ZH_ #O_ =zO^ JH_H
Òk. ''<# D s~O` #tOKK<# Jx `K =_ z`# kH~=Q QH!
^$OÒQ XH ~Ô fx KCOÔ. ~^K^_, "=# Ô
QiOz W+, Jx+= #\ Q]=, ~^=, ` XH^x =O\k =~H\
HH~#\H Jh XH K\H Ki =i<~ H^! J\Q ^, WOk=,
^=, =# ...W=h XH K\H =z P H~H==# x~i<~.
`\HOx K"# h\H, |~^ L# O|O^" P`, D Ôk=
588
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
Q O|O^=x QOK. n~"# }O K# XH @i =~=Ô XH
Ò | K<_#H... P`xH P ~u xOK Qkx =*=` U~_
'<q J# ==à=#O =O\^ D s~=# O|OkOz# ==H~= =!
P Qkx ==` U~_ ''OQ=K Y=, qQ=K ^Y= Uq
J~=#k KC? P @i JA_` Ò "tOz, ''P! Wq <q, P Qk P`xk,
g\ <H ? J! WH `"~Òk. "o = =O^"Q^! Z\? <
"o# `~"` W=h U=`~? U" =i!...Jx qOz J<H ^M O^`_.
P @i H#H *x J~` ''D Òx Qk Qx, WO^x =y Qx D Ò
[=xq Qx, <q H=. <# WH_ | K, WH_ "`=~}=# J#_<
LO\#. g\x O`=#Hx ==H~O < <O^ Hey LO_e? Wq <q H#C_
g\x `lOK@"q\? H=@"q\? Jx QOz LO\_. "\x Ly<
`# "\H "~ LO\_. P`xH, JH_ == Q O|O^" P` D ^^`
Q O|OÔ =!
XH _ Q JiK<_#H... P`x ^k P`xx qOz ''F~!
_! h= W\Q Ji H#yOK"... P pH\ #Oz XH `_z x#
@`_. P`xH ^ ^ Ô`=, zO`xC\ Z]\ H LO\~. `
~O_ H= _ LO\~. =i P`xx ==O\"? Jx @K#^#H.
P _ pH\ " Kz JH_ P q+}= Q XH PH~=# TOKx
''=^! <# Ji K# Jx T~O\_ KK"? P x H He`
`_ JQOz#@ r=# ''u, JO^=, Y=, ^Y=, Q=, `[=
"^#=h q^~OQ U~_K<~. J~`, "\H, P` O|O^" ^. P
HQK#Ô` He` |O^".

XH ==$H= #O_ aOz# H #O_ "~ "~ qQ= `~
K|_K#@, qo`=# OK `= #O_ D [#==O` "~~Q
xiOK|_K<~. JO^K` D J<H s~=# Kz h= = O^=^. XH
^H> " L#=h H> (H) Hx, =iOHq H^ H^! D Ô
_ =#O ijeOz K WO^ OK`= Òz =iOHq ^.
F [#~! D OK`= 'LùHq<#= O^ q~ ZO^K`
~ H=QK<~ H K`~?... Jy O^ _, q_` =`#@
q~ _ OKuH O`"# 'H== J# ~ Q q+yO^ ZO^
_K<~? JO^ U Q, ` q+O q H#|_Òk?
F L=# H~}O G 589
W=h J*# O^ =`" u [xO*<~, Hx *# OK`

~=Q< Hx<~.
~ ~ O|OÔ x ~ O_ "~ ~ == # XHK\H f=z LOK=#H...
P ~O_ == XH^x =~H ^xH ''~Q= U~_Ò^? ^! JQ 'z`=
s~= XH K@ L< XH^x @ =~H^xH ~Q= U~_=# <=#k?
x^. J~< H#K U~_K#k. J\Q =\` K# J<H x =`
XH ^~OQ=# xiOz P@ = LOK=#H... P x =h XH
=\` ` ~ K |_#\H ''W@ # O =# ~*xk...J@ # O ` ~Ak...
J< q+}= PkOK|_K#k H# K`< H^! D |k, WOk=, =#,
P` O~= ==`~ÒQ QOK|_ QH! t qQ= ~~#|OÔ
LO_#@ P` D ^, WOk @ ~QO LO_O_ QH! "\ H~ qOK@O
JÒ` JOQ`"# q+=x P` ~_=Q h= QOK. `~OQO ZH_H_"
Hx Q_~H# XH K\H *~#@ P` OK`=# XH K\H *i, `^~
D [Q`# QOKK#k. H~@= =O K` H@~|_K# Hx Q_~H
H#C_, q_`#C_ ~Q^, ~H O^`? ^ H^!
D `, =, J~#", Hx" J#~O U~_=# }h OK `
=`= P` ==Ô H=@O, q_=@O K<~. WO^ HOK\xH
Qx, O`+OK\xH Qx, U q+= #k? [O P=~= =< 'z`= J#~O
Ok# P` OK`=# XH K\H Ki q<kOk.
OK#=K =e#= Ok# [O H=OQ OK# ~`=QK#C_ P
=e#=# =ke ^~O O^Òk KK"? *#= H OK q+
~=# `lOKK# r=_ =Q |~=# O^K<_. PH=#
OKiOK ^ ~+, ^=` "=O_= #O_ =O_=# K LO\~
KK"! *#= Ok# r= D OK`=^=#O_ q_=_#"~, `=
^=` ~= =^=# `= ~=HO> "~#kQ QOK
K<~. ^f`# *# OK`=# `= "~#kQ, JO|O^"#kQ
QOKKO_@K `=H [#~`=# `H=Q QOKQQK<~. ^,
''WÔ` ==`q<" J#~OQ Pk<~. ~HOu =} = O
H=# J=î<~.
=^= `y =` L#"_ `# H ~`#, `k`~ iK=#,
`# Z^~Q L# =* =# J+O Q QOK` LO\_. P =` ky~# `~ "`
590
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
=~ W`~*#=# +OQ uiy O^`_. J\Q ^f``= J=îOz#
=h_ =}, " = #O_ q_=_ qH~~ `_ `# P`# QOKK<_.
F ~=! qq^ =^[= `~OQ= HOK` è_ Q_ ~H`
OQ qQ= K#@Q<... P` = = OQ qQk
H q+=# OHeÒQ x~iOk.

2. OKf`
N=+ =i : D OKO HO^~ <# =i=# q` s~f`,
P`` UH` O Ok#"~ L<~. "~ g`~Q, ~ ` |^= # "QO^
K<~. J\ "i HO^~ ^ |`` =K#O K<~. J\ =h
ky[=Q QH!
=Ôx =`~OQ= `= O^ J="# ~`= Hey LO_
_, "\ O^ P O_< ^`ÔK#O` OKi LO\~ H^! P
=` _ *#, "<~` J<H z`=` ==~= PKi<~.
f~=# L# =#O Kz =Ô H KO^Ò^? "Ô O^Ò^?...
QeH ^=~O z#O` =Ò K` PHO =e#" Ò^?... D OK
==~=K P`*x =e#O O^_, =~ O^_. K~ O^_.
N~=_ : J\ =h JOîQ< D OzH ~Q ^+= =^
=#QQ`~?
N=+ =i : K"#\, =e#"#\ KOK [`~OQ=K =^= ~Q=
Qh, ^+= Qx O^Ò^? ^. P`*x _ Q=K ~Q= Qx, ^#,
[<^ ~HHK ^+= Qx O^@ ^.
#< =##O HOz`=QO [Qu `" I
`K`#Yz``q#O q^ II ( 28, ~ 72)
''D [Q` L#k. LO_k =# H OH qH= =`"
Jx J`xH `. ''WÔ` q+#Y"# K`#= H q= =`" Jx
P`*x Ziy LO\_.

D JOH~=, D uH=Q q+=, D ^$, ^~# O|O^= -
~= =<q[$O}= =`"!
F L=# H~}O G 591
^$ ^~#= =^ ^$H (That which is seeing) L#k. ^$= ^$H H

Pn#O L#k. ^$H D ^$=# Z@ K J> LO@Ok. ^$H H
Jn#O LO_ D ^$= `?... H^! J`?... H^!
W@ ` Jx Qx, J` Jx Qx x~~OK|_*xk, ~H= J~"\
J=Ò^ KC? H#H D ^$= O^= H< H^. O^"#k '^$H
=`". Jk P`! P` ~^ JOQ"#k.
N~=_ : J~` D r= ~ H= ZO^K` HQK<~?
N=+=i : ~=! WC_ h Hx Hx O^~= ~ H=
HQK<~. H^! x<H z# "#- J\ U~_ ~ H= `"#^x
QiOK? H... J`"#^x QiOK? HH ``"# ^x QiOK?
J`"#k q^ H^! q^, J"=O J~#^x QiOz ~"O^?
H"O^?
N~=_ : ...!
N=+ =i : WH `"#^x QiOz JO\"? Jk ZC_ `" x`"
aOz L#k H^! ...=i ~"O^? H"O^? ...ZO^HO> x`"#k
=`" `= H^!
WH ''` `"#^x QiOz Jx JO\"?... ZH_< q~^ ^~= XH
K@ X#Q_`?XH K@, XHi "Q pH\ U~_#" LO\? JO^K`
'``"#k J< =@ q^. =i h= ^xH< ~, ZO^ q"`_=
H"e KC?

L`= <`= Q F ~=KO^! h= "@"^@ q^ J~#\ J=H
^~#O (The illusion of seeing the variety and missing the unity) `lOK. =H ^~#=#
J=OaOK. =H ^~#=#O^ ~_#"_ WH_H_ U uQ`# "O
KO^_.
P` `# H ^$^~# O|O^"# q~=K `# `< =# J#
~OQ H\ O KH#K#k. JO^H qA ''^$^~ #= O|OkOz# J#=
~=Q Y=$u _ |= H ~" Jx K=`~OQ q+ LO\~.
JQ, D Lk H$`"# ^ ^$+ `y~#C_... JC_ U~_ Y= t==,
H, JYO_ |". ...H|\ '|= JO> U^, ZH_ L#\k H^.
N~=_ : O~= J#Q Uq\?
592
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
N=+ =i : ^$^~#= =^ Q XH<H J*#i`"# O|O^=<
=#O 'O~= J< |O` L^t<O. ^$^~#= =^ Q J#=O
J*# O~=Q Ok.
J^ J#= O ^+ ^~ #= O|O^" q\ Ziy# O Kf` = ^
H=Q ''"H= J# J#=O KuHOkOk.
J#=O ^$=$u` _ LO> |O^=. =$u ~`"#C_, JC_ +OK
J#=" =H.
N~=_ : =H u 'J#=O J<k LO@O^? LO_^?
N=+ =i : J#=" P`H =YÔ. J~` ^ ^= HO> JÒ`
_. J#=O H LxH= P`# iOK=.
^+ ^$=
^$f`#= O ^$iq`#= O
J
=H |O^=
*#= H |eqK D r=x YOq` qH~~`=Òk. J#Q, =$k
H ~`=Òk. =$k, H ~`=Q M#=O ~#O^~=Q |"
J~ L#k.

H#H ~ ~=! h= ^$^~# =i`"#\ Y=# P~OK. ^x<
'H=#= ^$+ Jx _ = KCK<~. J\ ^$+K JC_ Lz`
=O O~|O^ ~`_"`=.
J@ r=_ H==Q (That which is Absolute) `# Y~=# P~
LO_@O K` P`x O^ ~ ^$+ HtOKQ^. ^$O ~`"#C_,
J\ J#= =#, ^+ ^ " q LO_^ . P =~O a # u `s=.
Jk =H. U r=_< ~... ^$^~# =i`_ ~=` |kx OkOKHO>
Jk =Hu J=Òk.
=H~=Q `su O^ P` U f~Q LO@Ok? Jk =? ...H^.
H;= _ H^. `H=Qx, J`H=Qx H^.
J^xx K`#=, [_=, `, J` "^# ~K x~zOKO. ^x ~O
JOH~O Qx, =iOH^ Qx H^. ''UH=, J<H=, q=, ^~=, =,
F L=# H~}O G 593
J= "^# "K "KH |= J^xH PkOKO. Jk ~=x,

~ "H= x, ^~= x, J^~= x, OK ``H=x, JOK ` ~=x K O.
J^x QiOz K\xH =@ =... K=. Hh Jx |-J~= =Q
PÒuH =#O J^!
N~=_ : <= ~ #\k L#\? #\?
N=+=i : XH q+O =Ò xOHKOQ H\ <#. D r=xH P~=
WOkO =#. =# ~"=#k. J~`, D ^$~=# OìOKx
L#Ô` =# =`". =# ~", P =# H~}=, #=, P^~=
P` H^! J\ P``` =#, ''Jk Un H^ J#@O _ `" H^. D
[Q` # ^~=# QOKQ QK# O Kf` ''WÔ` P` Jx J#=
=QK#k. ~O P`!
D [QÒ` P`=" J~ L#k. P` a#OQ Un ZH_ ^. P`
$kq Hi#OQ, [O ^=ÒQ, `[x HOQ, PHO P=HOQ
HtOk. XH #@_ J<H K@ J<H " "#@, P` ~~= `<
J~, `# =Ò J"g HH LO\Ok.
K`#" H` == ` U=Ò kOKk H^. JO`H^... ''P`
a#OQ <# L<# J< =@ L#` # =`".
F =`! ~=KO^! = ^ H=, JOê J#O` H\ H=, P
H= =^ Hx# J<H |O_=, P |O_=x qq^ r=
Q=<Q=#= - W=h P` J~ L<~. P` "~Q =~H H# Un
LO_ *^. H|\ P` O|OkOz# x|k Hey LO_. P |kH _
~_" LO_. a_! ~^ OKf`_" LO_. OK~_" PkOK.

3. Z=s ~K~`?
N~=_ : =s! "= =^$+ #Oz "`y P` ^$+H Ki#C_H^ =H!
Jk ^"#O\~? ^$+x *#=O K@"\?
N=+ =i : ~=KO^! ''Wk L`"`="# =[O Jx è# `~"` U^<
`lOz J^xx O^x [# J#H=@O [" H^! qK~}^$+` D [Q`#
Q=x# L`= ij#~ WOê ``"q\ Q<~. ^ ``QO K
P` ~=Q =Hx =OQ PHOH<~. O^K<~.
594
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
<< PH=#. << ~_#. ^`, ^=`, P ^=` LO_ ~HO <<!
"=O_O, $kq, =Ô, ô, Jy _ <<. "~ =@ J#=~O. D
[QÒ` <<... D =H=O^ P` J~#\ <# =`" `" L<#...
P` J~ L# <# iz#_# Z\ J=`# < J#"#Ô@, D Ô`
D =_H Un ^...
W@ qK~} K xtO`_" LO_. [QÒ` P`=" LO_Q... J@
QOK@O UO H+O? J\ O=## HOz` J=~KO> WH h= ~H=
=_= Q=. Jq x# U=Ò F_OK=. HhO iOK<< =.
`#-x [Q`d O`-# I
H=Ò ~O HO `=H} H^`" II ( 7, ~ 73)
D [Q` U^k Z@ `~_< ~, P`*xH JÔ` `# J#"#kQ
JxOK^ . JO^K`< J`_ ~H O^_ . JA_ =`" "\x O^K<_.

WO` =O^ =#O KCHx#\ =_~H JOH~^$+ QiOz ...
D O^~O LzÒ H#H, =~ q<# q#-
1. '#HOz^" ^$+ - ''<# PH= HO> _ JÒ` H;"#"_#. D
~H=x u XH ^~=# ~"#\ z` ~=Q P` <#
J# ^$+x '# HOz^" ^$+ Jx <~. J\ ^$+x OOkOK# ^_
''<# XH ^~=< H^ H^! WH ## Uk Z\ |OkOKQQÒk? - J#
q"H=# =iOKO@<_. ''^~=# iqÒ\~. ^~= x\H
~=, J"= J~#\ <# =ÔQ< Jiq`_# - J# B#`^$+x
`` *x OìOKO@<_.
2. ~` ~=" ^$+ - ''P` ~" JO`\ "Oz, Jh `< J~
LO\Ok. <# P`# H|\ ...Jx\ "Oz, JO` J~ L#k <<. <
P~O H~H J@ W@ u~QK# XH ~Q ^y~ #O_, D =_ H=#
ieOz # u=~ =~ iOz#k <<. WH D ^$+x J=Oa#
^#~ ^YO ZH_ #O_ ~Q^ KC?
3. ''W^" ^=" ^$+ - D =_=k Ju `K"# ^$+. ''D ^" <# -
J# =# (H) ^$+ (H) JOH~= ~ ^Y=, JO` H~}=QK#k.

F L=# H~}O G 595
"# ~=KO^! h= D =_= JOH~=# "^\ ~O_\ `, H P

~O_\ x XH ^x O` "Ô@ `lOz "e. JC_ hO^ x~O=
~"#\ z<`= +Ok. J^x< J=OaOK. J^x O^ ``~_" LO_.
P` ~^ ~=# Jf`"#^#\H, ~` ~"#\H, Jk
`#H = HK D [Q`# HiOz O^K#k. nxx i~"#~K,
OH~" "QO^K#k. JO^K` <<! WH h O^ J#=~O.
``~O K =# x^ . W\H C _ ''x`k`=Q P` <# J< x`#" x
WC_ QOK. J\ Z~H ^$_x=K '^=, Ô|O^= "^#
"#` _x# h $^QOkx `lOK.
J#=O - J~` XH q+O. =#O ZO` q=~OQ D 14 ~AQ J<H
q+ KCO@<O D =# O"Ô =iHx ~A H#QÒk. =Oz^.
J~`, P` J#=# |=}=K O^|_k H^ =i! ~^, ~q^=
~~"#\ P` #== K`< `HO HQ^x QOK. JO^Q# D
r=_ D LkK U~_ ~ O|O^=#, ~O^~=# JkQqOK Q
XH<H =Q"# ^$+x =iOKe. Jk Lkx [~OK@O, H `lOK@O
_. LkH O|OkOz# H~ $` =$u` _# JO`H~}=# i^~KH"e.
JO^ =~O L`="# ij#. J#=#, L=#, | =}= O`
L^~OKQ *#O x# Q=O`_Q P`Q +O*QQÒk. P *#O
J}=}=< "tOz x~O`~#=OQ ~k^H"e =!

^=^=_Q P` ` H^... J` _ H^. J}~O H^... |$Ô
_ H^. ^` =^ Q `` ~O _ H^. Hh... ''~O Jk.
J^\ JO\"? XH r=_ XHxH Ò_ =~HiH =~_, WOHHiH ~,
"~HiH q`_... Jh J`< Qx, "\ U XH\ J`xx x~zOK= H^! Wk
_ J\^.
P` QiOz J<H =@ KCO@<O. Hx ^~xH Jk =zOK\xH
Jq Jk H^. ^xH J#"#^n ^. H|\, Wk Q=x<, JÒ` ^`
_# `" h= ~` xiH~=Q P`< î LO_.
N~=_ : q! WO`H D Z^~Q H#|_ J<` ~K~` Z=~?
N=+ =i : 'Wk P` Wk P` H^ J##\ D <=~ qQ=O` P`
~"H=Q `# J*#HK `#O^ HeOKH#K#k.
596
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
O` ~` u+ H+ ~ I
H``=`K H=O # q=` II ( 20, ~ 73)
H=O`=Q P P` uH=O^ Z_ u Hey L#k. J~` Jk
Ju H;=, =`~= H^! JO^K` =Q D ^Ô^ PH|k Q
=#A Jk qOK\xH JH" LO\Ok. uOKx"iH Jk JOQÒ
Q#, J=O Q# LO_Òk. uOK"xH... JuO!
^+ O`~` ~^~=# xO_ L<_ H^! J\Q P` $+
JO` - ~ ^~= O^ xO_ #k. Hx = =OK` '|k (H) 'eOQs ~=
#O^ =`" uaOa`=QK#k. h= x@x=Q x_=#H... Z^~Q
=~H K@ KK"iH HxOK=. Hh P Z^~Q XH x=@Ô J=i#C_
JO^ uaOaOK`=. J#Q, JÔ JH_ #C_ _ h aO|O i # \H,
x=@Ô #C_ h ~O JH_ K_O H^! P` _ JO`\ iOK`
_ ~+H= H eOQs~= (Subtle body) L# K> uaOaOk. Qe JO`\
xO_ L#\H, ^x LxH è~^. Hx qO*=~ gz#C_ Qe H LxH
~ =QK#k.
P` JO`\ L#\H eOQÔ L#K@ JOH~ ~=# =H" J#`
=QK#k. z`~", ~"H"#\ P` ^= O^ =`" L#^# =@
=QO H^. J~` "= g#C_ ô ZQ~K#@, eOQ^= L#K@
r=_Q iOKK#k. PHO ~_ L^~Oz#O` =Ò K` [# x^~z
`= ^#Ok# H~H== ~OaOKO@<~. ~==^", x~u#O^
~"#\ P` iOz#C_ eOQ s~=# q+QK O==QK#k.
~= L#k P` H u H~H!
~^#O`~O [# P H~H== ~Oa#C_, P H~=
eOK@O, qO H=@O ~xH x =$^ HeyOK= H^! P` ^=x `K u
Ok LO@#\ D ^= =$^=QK#\H (H) #tOz#\H P` U x
=$^ LO_=.
}H@x\ H P` U H=O^ _ [xOK@^, =~}OK@ ^.
Jk ^xh QOK^, "OzOK^. ^xH |O^= Qx, =H Qx =. Jk =Q
J=îOz J<Ò^ P``= îOKK, ~A~ OuQ ''D Ô =`"
<#. D ^= < LxH J< Ou O^Òk. J\ Ou O^K#C_ Jk
^Y [H= J=Òk.
F L=# H~}O G 597
Uk U"< J<kQ P` Z#_ L`#= H^. H|\ #tOK@ _

^. Jk `# a#"#^n "OzOK@O ^. ^xH a#OQ U^< LO> H^...
"OzOK\xH? Jk ^ H=K Jiz#=. H#H OkO|_*^. |O^" x
^xH =H ZH_k? Jk #= #O_ Ku O^@ ^. Hh, JqK~}=O
K` =_Q [#, O, x~}OQ ^YO O^K<~. P` H~H ZH_H_
"`K<~.
F ~=! h= KHQ D [Q` H== H ~~=# qK~}K~.
JO` Qx, =_xQ =~OQ ^YO O^=^.

qA_#"_ |O^"H= J< ~O_H## `lOz"<_. P`_
JO`~OQO XH OÒQ =#=` ==i<_.
# "H # $+ # ` # ` I
"H K` q=O =Q#qk`" II ( 35, ~ 73)
F [#~! "H= J#|_k ZH_ PHO Qx, Ò Qx, `=O^
Qx ^ . L`= P` *#=` k`= QK# x~ z`" "HO . XH<H_ ~ "Oz`
^~= @ PH `lOK_#H... J@ PH "Ô@ `Q@K OqOK
z`= H 'q<#O H z`~ Ò '"H= J< |O ` PÀ L^t < ~.
x~ P`*#O HQ#O`=~ D r=_ n#_Q< LO\_. H ''<
"H= HQ QH! J# Ja_ LO\_. z`= |`^# Ok#C_,
WH, P`xH "~ "H=#|_^n J=~" LO_^.
F O~f`"# ~= H"_! ~=KO^! 'Wk |O^=, Wk "H=
J< `KH## h= `lOK. =`Q= J=îOzO_@K h= "H~_"
LO\=. ~ qH= #tOzQ JOÒQ~`=K x`k`"# Hey
LO_. ^suQ D =O_=# nOK =}" "QO^=.

4. P ~Ò
N~=_ : =s! D -H; s~=h ZO^, Z\ #Oz, Z@ L`#
==`<~?
N=+ =i : (z~#=`) h XHqÔQ =^#O KO>... ''H= H~
"#!
598
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
P` `# =^=Q ~=# U=~z#C_ D H= H~ "#
H==` _# $+ JO` OO^Òk. `èÒQ D H;=+=+
s~=h L`#O J=`<~. HOKO H q Q=` =z_ Òk KK"?
D H;=+ =+ s~` HOKO JO=O U~_` K... Ju q=Q
= `#O`@ `< [xOk. P` H 'J#^ =O K` = =z_Òk.
WH P }, "#` _# J#~ ~O~ H\ `=Òk. P J#~= #O_
qH~H"# D [QÒ` L`#" Z^~Q xOk. ==Ô H~@=,
|_Q , _ U~_K#@ P` ==Ô =#, |k, z`= , JOH~=,
"#, WOk= "^#q He` <=^=` i<~.
=# : ^~= QiOz =##O K@O.
z`= : ^~=H ~} HeyLO_@O.
|k : ^~=# x~zOK@O, x~OK@O.
JOH~O : ^~=# Ja=xOK@O.
zÒH~ iÒ =K # =` I
zÒ OH~ -OH~ =<`` II ( 5, ~ 74)
W=h XH JO`H~}= H qq^ ~ H^! J~`, z`= JOH~=
=@< Qx ^"q ^. Uk z`", J^ JOH~O _! =OK, `^#O
"~ "~#"? P ~O_\ x q_n K_Q=? J\Q ... qQ`q _!
=O #t, ^x ~OQ _ #tOk H^! ...=#, JOH~= XH\
#t ~O_=k _ <#O O^Òk.
N~=_ : =#, JOH~O #t< "HO H^?
N=+ =i : =# LO_@O, ^xx =^@O J=h z# =^ =@
=O\q =`". a_! h ~O ^xK` Z#_ |OkO|_x P` J~ LO_Q,
=# J#|_^^ x# |OkOK@"q\? h= ^x#O_ q=HH ^=_@"q\?
H|\, h= `K=Q ''<# D =## H> P WC_ "HO O^=#k
J# @^ ~O U~_K# "H|kx_ xOHKOQ =ke "=!
'< |OÔ H^ J< |O^|kx, ''^#^~ `^QiOz U~_ P x~K
|OkOK|_ x ^~=# J< x[H## ^~OQ J>@. ''<
"HO HQ = #k J< q +` | k =# L#O` HO O~=#
O|OkOz# K U~_ L#>#x QOK.
F L=# H~}O G 599
L# ~=O` =#< L#k. =# LÒi`= (Inquisitively emotional)

JQK LO_Q, H=OQ Jk D ^ H~=# î OKK#k. e ÒQ... ~ ^+=
=z_K<~.
N~=_ : J~` |O^"H=#|_q =O\~?
N=+ =i : =`~ = Jkf= JQ P` ~ =# Jf`" LO_ ~ =#O^
~^ "Oz LO_Q, WH |O^"=iH? "H"=iH? JO^K` "HO q+O J\
LOz, =O^ h =## WOk q+ =##~Ò, JYO_`=##Ò K~.

}"= K#^~O Hey L#k H^! Jk D s~=# KeO* LO_Q
D ^ <H `k`~ JOQ= ~i`" Ke<~. J===#
}"= KeO*<~. J~`... ~"Q K`#= `# KeOK^.
^x K` KeO|_^.
nO ~^~=# HtO* `# ^suQ< =O@#@, K`#=
~ ^~=O^ uaOaOKK `# ~=#O^ <Hx LO\Ok. Jk
*#= ^~ ~=# HtO*Ok.
XH" K`#= J"", x`", *#~", ^" "QO^KO_Q
... J|^Q O~ r= 'D ^= "=.. Wq = JOQ=. Jq =
^#= ^#= "^# ^Y^H=Q q^"O P~<~. = H@#,
x<^=@ Uq q##> LO@<~. ZO^H=i?
H=` (The Absolute self) q~^"# ^~= Q D ^= #O^, [O`
`~OQ= Q, ~Q= "^#q U~_ LO@<~. J\ ~Q^K P=iOK|_#
Jx`^$+K H=OQ Z~Q|_q, O^|_q, i}qOKq.. "^# HH==h
O<~.
=$Q`$+ ZO^ H#|_Òk. ZO_, "_q, Qe gzH uaO|= H~H
^~= èH=@O K`< H^! P`H ^~= èH =@O K`< '<#
\#, >"_#, H~#,. H# "^# q^"# HQK<~.
N~=_ : q! =# ZO^ q^"# " D_|_Òk.
N =+ =i: Jq^# q^QQH, `=Q `K@O K`< P =~O =#
D_|_Òk. =# =` (Passive & Dull) J~#C_ | ~k q+=
" xOk. q+a+`"# =# Jq^# P~Ok. P Jq^# `#
J#=^` (Source of experience)Q =Q fikÔ\Ok. H|\ O
600
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
He`" Jq^. JO`Qx ^xx =~=~ D =# JOk#k H^. D Jq^
q^ ~=Q Z~Q|_ QH! J@ Z~Q|_# =~H}O Jk OQ #tOz
Z@H z`yOk. ''Jk =$Q`$+ Jx è~# `~"` JH_ "o ''WH_
[O LO_? U"~Ok? J< "HO L`#O H^ H^! `H#|_# `~"`
Jq^ =## D_*^.

pH\ =\xH nO "ey pH\ OQ< `QÒk KK"? P`*#O
L^~Oz# =~H}O "#h "@O`@ J" `Q`~.
N~=_ : Jq^ "Ô\ `QO> L"q\?
N=+ =i : h= P J^` =Ok# K ''Jq^ ^ J#
xO O^=#H, JC_ Jq^# #tO* QQ`=. JO^K` ~=! O=
## QQ\ |_#@ - h= Jq^ x~#O Ke. ''[_=Q D Ô
H~H U~_ L# Q` <Hq x? - J< x=# OOkOKH"e. J\
xO H |O` ^$=#O^ h U~_ P J# ^xx #tO*e.
PiH~ ~= ##O i$` $^ I
=<Q`#~ ^=u K#=` II ( 24, ~ 74)
JC_ P H i"~"# â=#O, H=H^^ `Q`~. `#
`=K O^~Q}= OkOK# =#A_ `# #_QK, `k`~
i~= # _ # O K QQ`_. J\ *x JkH x`_ =^=K
`# O^ `< W=_H... Jiz#_ LO\_. Ò^ O`_, H=i`_,
~_ JÒ` ^~~H"# "HH ` a` LO\_. J=$`= `y# "x
=, O_ "eQnOQ ^n=#"# =}Q P` *# HO` a`_.
~`_, ~ " _, ~ _, ~H~_, xiH~_ ZC _ P`< gH O \_.
P u P`_ XHi `# Q_z~# ~Ax KOK z`=# Kz
#=O@ LO\_.
q+OQ=# g_@K, Ja=# O`=# JkQqOK@K P`_ q`
z`_`_. PÒ^ =`" u Hey LO\_. 'H== J< |~^# H_y"Hx
LO\_. '|O^= J< =# "Ô@ #iH "_. j`+, Y ^Mk Ô^=
#O_ q_=_#"_, D O~ =^=# ^\"_. ~`==Q qOux,
~f`=, J = JQ #=# O^`_. #~Q=#~ `_ "H =[=#
JOHi_. =<"H=K ~[# Ja+OK Ki` Hey LO@<_.
F L=# H~}O G 601
J\ P`*x ^xh ^+OK_. "OzOK_. P`xH Y ^M^ LO_=. ^xh

QOK_, u~iOK_. xOkOK_. uOK_. ~= H Pq~== Qx,
u~==Qx O^_. #_Q_. ^d`_ H_. ~H~=# `lOz#"_,
~k=i`_, ~#O_ qx~_ LO\_. JO^H =#O P`xx 'r=#_
Jx <O.

F ~=KO^! ~ D+}=# (All urges, desire) i`lOz"~. [^~#
O~OQ q_z"z# "OQ h z`= =#O =Oz LO_QH! P~`=#
P~Oz LO_.
P~Ò Q JO`H~}O=# HeQ YO D ~ =~ `=
=~H_ îHk H^! hH <~= (P~Ò)K D [Q`#O`\ h
O`=O, jÒ K"~. 'PtOK@ J# ^~= #O_ q_=_# =#
Hey#"_" L^~z`_", =x", *x" aOK. Un H~#\ =# H"_",
L^~ *# =# a`_" Ht LO_Q... J\ =O` =~=
_ n@ ~^ =!
P x =# WK YO uHkÒ _ LO_^.

F ^! h ~O_=~A O"Ô K#. HiH qOK@" '== Jx
JO\O. J\ == OkOz#"x JO`H~}O O`==Òk. JC_ h @
P^h H~~. J\ =O, OÒ, <~O J# ~^K JOH$`_"
J@ D q#O`\ h Q+^ ÒQ K_. H= Pk`=# _ `$}
OQ îOK.
D =#A J< ^# OK O, ` H `^` =Q=O =OH~} O,
= =Ô, J#<k H ~O~ - QQ q+Q QOKK<~.
Px\h JkQqOz# =h P ==~=h Kz HH #=O@
<~. Z=i $Ô 'P J< K U~_\xH [OÒ^... J\ =h`
=#O Qey#k D =H Un ^. ''Wk < H"e,. Jk < =^ J#
~Q^+= Z=x zÒ K@ ^~H^... J\ n# z`x QiOz K\xH <
^y~# L=#L"h U=Ò i= =! J\"~ = =~
_ `~}QK<~.

602
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
JO^K` ~=! h =~ =~ Q~K < #. h= P~`=# J OK.
P~OK. Jk ~OH@=i`=x, ~Y~=x |kH ~=Q=x
=h =z<~.
F ~"! J WH_ `~_K# P`Qx, x~`Qx h (H, D
r=xH) U=Ò O|OÔ ^. ZO^HO> WH_ U~_=O_ ...h PH~} qH~}
HQ*# D [QÒ` `Q q^ =`". WH h= g\ @ < LO_ QH...
O_ QH J# = O|OkOz# H#` ZO^ qOKe KC?
F ~[#~! <# WO`Q kOz# `~"` _ ''D Ô, D ^~
<q. D ^= U~_K# `~"` k# "\K <# iq`_# J# ^$+x
=^\xH uOKH =@O Lz`"< KO_? k"K# K=x < ~#.

P`"Ô [Q`~O <<` # q^` I

UH~O [Q*` n~~= # Y^` II ( 54, ~ 74)
F ~=!D OK=O` P`. WH_ J<H`=##^ ^. q~ UH"#
P` ~OQ D [Q`# Ziy D [Q`# n~=# "~ ZO\ M^"O^H
L<~.
F ~"! ''D ^~=h ^~^~#=K P` ~OQ< è=<~
Jx h= h |kH =~ =~ Q~ K~. JC_k JH$u="# ~= ^~ O O^Òk.
x["# P~Ò L^~Ok. WH P "=He`~`_"... ~ ==
PÔ`=O^ L#\ '` z<=`= # =`" J=OaOz =O_. Wn h= D
[Q`# QOK=# q^#O =!
O=# K_Q< _ UO KOk? ZH_H ^~OQ iÒk H^!
"~QOK n~"#\ =# Q"xx Kz ''~Q-^+-P"-=-L^Q-P-x~k
=<^H - i`"# D O~O `H =_z ZH_H iÒk. n~|k Q P`
*x XH H"#` J~# Ju =~ x, tk"# t qQ=# XH~HOQ
K_. JO^K` q+Q P#OkO*@O Qx, P^ d#~K@O Qx
[~Q^. D ^$ "==O` H UH" Ô_` K< ~ ....P`xx ` #O_
`yOK=. P`x L^~ |k WH_ "# H}O K~O K"Ok. ~Q ^
^ P`xx PHqOK=. KeO*=, `< "\x PHqOz JkQqOz LO\_.
N~=_ : =s! g~ = q_=i KC K# PÀ ^$+ = ZOÒ`+=#,
L`=# HQ*Ok. "=O` ~ *#Q fik^|_@" D O~=#
F L=# H~}O G 603
JkQqOK\xH `~}O H^! JO^K` *# ^$+ J=Q#, H~H==

QiOz q #Oz ZO`< "= q#=O^. JO^K`, P`*# [Q` O^~#O
QiOz =iHO` q=iOKO_.

5. *# O^~#O
N=+ =i : *x H [Q` O^~#O QiOz =#O J<H =~ KCO@<
L<O. J~< _ =~ =~ qnHiOKH=@O J=~".
P`_ ^x\ u Q#_. q*# ^$+x =^_. H# î*~h _. J<H` #
|~KO@ LO\_. ^f`Ò J=î LO\_. qH~~`_, x~O`~
PÒQ^#=_ J~ LO\_. ~=K J $_ LO\_.
N~=_ : q~ LyOz# q+}= - 1. Ju 2. q*# ^$+ 3. J<H`
4. ^f`Ò 5. qH~~Ò 6. J $Ò - QiOz HOKO q=iOz KO_.
N=+ =i : ~. h= Hi#@ HOKO q=iOz K`# q# -
u Q#H=@O - *x XH `#-O^~ x, =\x-|OQ~x, #K"\x-
#Kx"\x XH suQ K_. L ==# xiH~_, xi_ XH
~ÒQ ~H$u` LO\_. q`"# PO, H~H=O` }O K#
XH @i ~î H# H#|_# #=# Kz#C_ P`xH ^x@ u
HQÒ^? *x WH_ H#|_ O^~= @, Q=@ U=Ò u Q#_.
q*# ^$+ Hey LO_@O! - H ìz#O` =Ò K` =~ q+Ò O_<
Z^~Q L# "`~ H#|_Òk H^! P`*x "uÒQ =z`# P
O##, O^~=#, Q=^=# H` x zÒ` b=ÒQ
J#q_. HH`mOQ `~ _ D =x`, ^#= "^# Q= J#qOK
= =#\H, n~# Jq O`+=#Qx, ^Y=#Qx HeyOK=. =^
=^ O ~ O Q L# ~ `x F ~ O_ H ~\=z `H#O` =Ò K` Jq ~ `=#
HkeOKQ"? P` H `H=# UHQ`` îOKK#\ `` *xx D ^$
O K= U~_K# Y ^Y= `H*=. `H#\H, P`x P` O^~ <x
U=Ò OQ~K=. P`_ Z\H Uk `"... J^ x~iOKK... P WH
`# ^$+#O` P`*# =~O xqOz LOK`_.
H O^H =@O! - J<H H= xiOK==KK#\H P` ~}_Q
|^=_ =Q_QK<_? P |`= =z`#C_ ~` U"<
604
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
H O^K<? ^! ~`" L# `# P`~=# P~Oz L#\
*x _ =z`" # H ^ U~_ OQ qQ= Kz =Q_H_,
H KO^_.
JOîQ< P`_ _ #==#K@ #=`_, U_==#K@ U__.
Hx, ~ q+= @ 'Wk q^ H^ J# J=Q#, ^$+# =Ô_
LO\_. JO`H^. `k`~[ # Jk Q~K ZO` ~ O HQ* _ . Q=#
q^~OQ QOKK, Hi#O O_ ... lÒk_ O` =i`_ LO\_.
^ H H=#~OQ Y=, ^Y=, O^, P^ - "^# "\ @ xi_,
H`_, Jf`_ LO\_.
J<_ LO_@O! - F ^~^ ~=! D |~k H~Ok "~
q+ #= =z#\H, h= x`= J<_" LO_. "\ O^ h
z`= J<Hi`" LO_ QH! OQO HO_ QH!
J~`... ''D |OQ~O =e#"# k Jx ZC_O\O? @ ^ o=O\q L#C_?
...H^. ~y =O\ J L#C_ =`" H^!... JO`H~}O PH
L#C_ =`" ''D r=_ _ Jx JxOKO\_Qx, H~H==K
H^x h= QOK.
^=` J"Ò =Oz LO_@O! - ZC_` D ^=# `# a#"#k
Q#, P`# q"H^ $ +` # =##~HOQ Oî LO\_, P`_ D J===
Kk OK|_K#C_ _ JO`~O QO qH ~ `_ LO@<_. XHi x~*#O
OkOK".... WH P P#O^= q"H ^$+ x# q_z ZH_H ^.
u~Q=#O HiOKH=@O! (Non deviation - Non distraction) - '< ~ "
~ ^ P`. P` W\k Jx P`# Ziy#"_ =iOHC_, Z#\H J[` O O^_ .
=~HO ~Ò q^ #Oz *i =Oz# [O =~ "#H =~Ò^?
`_ @ U~_# 'Wk ""? J< Ou `y# `~"`, P `_# Kz#C_
O "^# qH~= U~_`? Jy O^ @O X#~|_# |OQ~O `#
^[ K Ok# `~"`, ^xx h =Oz#O` =Ò K` `# |OQ~
HO` Q@HO@O^? K@ #O_ `y*i# O_# =~Hi H= JuHOz<
_, JuH LO_^ H^? J\Q ''D ^$O `Q J"=O J< *#O x"#
`~"` WH Q}=` |OÔ U~_^. ~Q@Oz =}x "~K "_ îOz#
`~"`, =~ P =}x ~Q@H qi" =~_=_< LO\_? Jq^ #O_
q^# Ziy# `~"` D ^$=#O^ =~ Z=_ =Q_`_? "# t=
Ò_=O Kz# `~"` XH Hu QO`# Kz P#OkOK"_=_ KC?
F L=# H~}O G 605
^$ qH~ ~Ò! - ''Wk H^. #h~ =`" Jx L`= qK~}K

QOz# `~"` ''J! <# `QH<? J< "^# KO^ =~_=_?
J\Q L`= qK~}K "# x=$u J=Òk. WH kQ _\xH, "^# KO^\xH
WH_ Un qQ^. L`= Q"~ ''Wk =lQ Jx q OK@K `Qx H~O\~"
Qx ''H^... è~Ok... Wk H Jx QOz# `~"` `Qx J#O\~?
`` A_ ''~= P` J# Z~H# J=îOz# `~"` JO^"# s~=#
XH<H ed` z`== K_Qx, qH~^ O^_.
zÒ edOK|_# JOQ=h P ~OQ "#= =`" H^!
J\Q ~+ A@ Q "^# J===h OK `= =^"#x
QOz LO\_.
\ HO fx PkOz# `~"`, P `î `Q h \ H fx
=iO*^ H^! P`#OÔ Ok#"_ `k`~ q+ Y=# Kz#O`
=Ò K` P`# U=~=_.
x~O`~"# x=QO - XH<H =Q ^~OÒ "o WOH ~=# `#
~O^... PH Hey#^#H...P" Q$H$`=O^ `=#H L#\H
`# JO`H~}=#O^ `# ~ H ~HK U~_ #==< =##O K
LO@Ok H^! ^ |=` =Q=O, qOu O^ `j_Q r=_ P
|#O^=# J#q< D OzH HO^ O@ LO\_. W"g P`x
P`#==# x~kOK=. WO^k ^=Ò` HeH@Q =z _ P`x
|#O^xH M^= HeyOK~ . =## JkQq Oz# P`*xH 'Ku HeyOKQe Q
H D OK=x U ^~=# LO_^.
q+=K iOK|_H=@O! - qq^ +~=h `< O^ UH"
`<~. OK=x P#O^=h |#O^=#O^ =~" `<~.
`` A_Q =#Ax |kx Z=~ ^xx KOz U=iOKQ~? `# x @
PH" # |kQ Zx q =, x~^= HeOK|_K<_, J=h H K H
xO^ =# Hey LO@Ok KK"? Jq^~`_Q *x P`#O^=#
J#q< LO\_. H+=h =z _QH! J=== KkOK|_QH! q^
O@# `~_QH! ~ =KQH....=QH! P`x P`#=O KK^~^.
''x+OH=, J`#`=, JO`~`= JQ P`# <# J##k U=~=_.
P`*x D z`= # XH =Q LH~ } == K_ . H#H ~|H ~ O^,
î^k Ô^, OH@=O^ P`x P`#= =OuH J_ LO_^. #Q~O
606
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
L<, J~}O L<, ~`= L<, `=#O L<, Ti#x #
L<... J"g P`xH ~H=Q i}qOK=. P`_ ~ ^ D ~ =K J $_
LO\_.

6. ^~}=
N~=_ : P`*x QiOz q~ K qh P"^Q"#x XCO@<#.
J~< _, D ~*^, D ^# [<k q+O~= Z^~Q U~_ LO_Q
=# q[`# , P`^$+x Z\ J=~K HQQÒ^#x... < HOKO J#=#OQ<
L#k. J< O~^$+x =^H=@O =# H#|_`< L#k H^!
N=+=i : L`= L^~} Hk H=K. =#O P`*# ~}^<
J#~}
OQ HiOKe Qx... OM~O Q Z= =Ok H|\, J*# OiH
^$+K ZO^ OHO Oê?
P` *#O OkOz _ ^`ÔQ D OzH H~H== x~i#
=h ZO^~ L<~. h Hx ^$O` K`# q#- [#H =~A
QiOz =#O KC<O. P`_ JO^~ ~A Q< ~[H~=O^ x=Q"
L<~. J~#\H ^ ^Y~`_ ^xH U=Ò "` O^H L<_ H^!
q `=_ kbx QiOz ` H^! ~ H~= x~i< JO`
H~}O g`~Q_ z~HO J^# eOK^? =#= ~QHOHO x =#`
r=#_ [# U~. =O^` KH=i J<H ^ #K |*x
"QO^~! J\Q, Ò |eKH=i ''WÔ` =z`" ...J# J=Q#`
U"" H==~= x~i< `# =Ò ^ `y J~, PH~`_,
r=#_ HtOKK<_. ^#= "# '=z J<H~ ^=`` Ô
K qq^=# PK~qK~ ``~_ _ ...^xH U =Ò d#_Q@ ^.
'=$`~_ J< ~H_ JÒ` L^~z`_, =#h_, `# Ô` J<H~
^=`` Ô K z=iH "_ P@ =# =ke#@ s~=# WO^x Ku
`lOK_. `n_# ^_ " JQK~"# JHk Ok _ OiH
= xtO`Q <_.
J\Q O|~~_ _! P`_ XH " J<H =# $+ ^#= H~
q+=` Ô K LO_"_. =~H " J<_ |k` L`=*<x
P~Oz LO_"_. ~= z^H=# UH`~_ LO@< ....OH+"#
^x" ~z LO_"_.
F L=# H~}O G 607
~^=`=Y ~_# Jy^=_ XH~ J<H [, Q q

Hi<, =_... J"_ D K~K~ $+x PHqOz<~. P KO^_ `#
O^ J=$`=# îOz D q F+^ ~K# H~_QK `# xiH~_
~=*#=` Ht<_. ^=` ~Ò, Q~Ò, ~ H~ KO^x`
Ô... "^#q x~i# |$u `# =Ò ~^ =H~=` `[i
K<~. J\Q HK~ q+O `H^! P# ~ Jc+=# eOKK,
`^#OQ hu~K# K~. J~ Q~", "i#Oîh XH `\ #_
<~. " k a+ P`_. J~` UO? xiH~|k` H= ` ~HOQ
HQ=#O H#y< ~. "^=_ T~ J^H#, }=Oê J="#
KeO* LO\~. ^ ~ ^=O^ OKi, =_ J~ LO@<~.
P# _=~? J_=~?
<<! ~=! |A _ `= xq`=# H~=# O`
|k` xOQ x~iOK =hO^~ L<~. ~|=iQ |^=x
K_. P# D H=x\ H T~J^-=^ Qu i=~#=# ~zOz
L#"~ H^! J~#\H =z`= Hey `# n~=Q P=# Q_K<~.
=_Q q+Q"#_ ^=` YO H~H J<H ^= K<~.
H~H =#= [O` L^# O^K =# "~H J#q<~.
tH~OQ#, tH~OQ# ([_OQ _), K ` =~O =O\
[O`, #~ J=`~ Hi J<H H= $^ OKi<~.
WO` "OQO x~i _ `# J"_, JYO__ "O~=# "K<~!
P# U H}"< `# =H ~=# =^K<~? < ^.
u<`_Q =~_ XH =#H=x = [Q[#xQ ~f^q`
Ò_= #$Ò K < ~. Q}u, =~q, #Ok, $ Oy "^# =^Q } O JO^
~HOQ Ò " Q<^ K<~. JO`\ `#O` P#O^ "=OQ
#$Ò K< P# q#Q< "i =O^ ~f"ÒQ O`=OQ
~O` `H=QK<~. LH"# L^ HeOKHx O^ `
^| `= O^K<~. PkH ~}Q J="~ ~f^q x`=H J~
_ ~=t=x s~~QO HiOz, `# a_ H` PHO^# K#C_ P
~= t=x ~ Oz "iH H = HQ* < ~ H^! WO` `Ò QO [~QK<,
~f~"~ P``` =# J=îOK LO@<~!
=ne, g~_, ~= *#=`_, *#~`= =^= =O\"_
JQ P HiH_ (=~q) x`=_O_ H H}~O `~H~x`
608
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
Ô x~iOK~! =^~_, ^#=K q^"# |kx =iOz#
$ Ow~_ =H` = =< XHi `# è ~f^q ^ `# ~H= O=#
=iOz"~.
JkQ... JH_ K_. JH_ H\ ~ HO` D P## P <~^
=ix KK"? P# `# Ò|~# q@` '<~}, <~} Jx LKi
uH OK~O K<~. `# ZH_H "o` JH_ ~= qÒ K<~. P#
~^ =_! P# O^=#n, O^|_xn JO@ Un ^. P# H
H}~O ~" ~ x~
O J=î J<H= Ok [#` O+ U"" L,
K` LO\~. ~}^+ P# 'H[#_ Jx a~^ PkOK~.
P# P H^ x~iOz#O`=ÒK` U H}O<< `# *#, =H ~O
U=Ò U=~K@ ^=!
WH_ K_! n=#`[` "QO^K, D =# O"^# ~O,
` D # =#O K# |i qq`x K<O H^! D#
`# `HK *#q*# i"+` < ~. ~ =# Ziy# ~ =#_Q =H ~+_
D#. J~` _.... WC_ HH }O H~ QO ~O= O` K Q~H }
H~H h PQ=<x zOK\xH J^ =K~. `xOH O^=#Ô@ Un
H ~< _, H '~=`` O H\ Ò H"< Q PO` ^~^
=~A# P~<~. P# =H~+_ LO_ _ H~# U"<
u~i<~?... ^!
r=#_Q Pk+_ D q#O` î<~. xi+_ LO_, ~
Q"#_ PHO OK~O K D qQ H r=~H~H k"~`=
He<~. =*xQ ~~=_ `# P`~=# Pk< ^+tH}
K<~.

KK" ~=! WOH D =H= ZO^~ `kHOY

J~, =#+, ^=` `= = LO_ _ D [Q^K# "i"iH
x=H"# PH~# =H |k` x~i<~. J\ =` D q D
=~=#O ZO^~ L<~.
J\ r=# HO^~ H, "^H=# ^~ ` ^< k S~=
=^ L<~. ^=, *u O~H}=, "~= "^# HH "OQ=
xq`<~. Hh, "i JO`H~}O =Ò O``` xO_~ LO\Ok.
F L=# H~}O G 609
=iHO^~` [_= Un \ OKHO_ HH ^$+` K z"iQ

OKi<~. "i ^$+ "iH ^x= U@ LO_^. J\"i HOî ~
_ Z=~ qx LO_H=K.
$Q, ~^*k =iHO^~ L`=*#=# P~Oz _ ZH_ J_=
P=O xiOKHx `=# P~Oz# t+# fik^K<~. =iHO^~ ~*
U` "@x H O~O= LO@<~. ~, `k`~ =h
JQ =iHO^~ PHO *uH=# <Hx L<~. Jy, ", Ò|~, =,
=~}k WOHO^~ ^=` H~=# x~i |*# =x` L<~. |e,
`, JO^H, ^k =iHO^~ Ò =OKK P`*#=# k
~KHx L<~.

J~` XH q+O h= WH_ Q=xOKe.
u~Qx+ ^ q^< H$`|^ I
^=x+ * q^< =~|^ II
[O` L^ Ok#\H HO^~ =*# "K<~. èq`@`
_# ^=# [xOz_ =i HO^~ O~H`` _# `= =~|kx
=^@" ^.
~~"... ~"H"# PÒ^ ~=, ~q^= ~` O="
JQK#k. P! J#O` H~ ``~_Q P ~=` O^ h_= U~_K#
xu ZO` z` qz`" # k! WÔ` P ~= ` H ~K< "z `" HH, =iOHq\?

Uk U"#\H P` Q"#x q<O ^ ^`ÔQ< U~_ LO\Ok.
qk~=O qk~` ~ t= D~ I
Wu <=a~`# `H`# LK` II
=#Oî 'P` J~#\ P `H K`#" ''| ^== q+= ^`
D~_ t=_ "^# J<H ~` K|_Òk.

D [Q` JOMHOQ ^~<~. u ^~O # J<H `k`~ ^~
Wq_ L<~. WH |OQ~ ~ }=O@<~. P |OQ~ ~ }=x uXH^x
`k`~"# H;^~= J=iH LO\Ok. J<H ^~= OQ qQ=K
^$OK uH[Q` U~_ LO\Ok. H"# ^x JH` (Wrong aspect in
610
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
right things) ^y LO@#k. JH=##^x _ H` K H`
HxOk. O JH =#O\O. Hh cu K`< H= ^~=# =$`"
LO\Ok. J`"#k Z^~Q ZO` HO H#|_KO_@K, ''Wk `" H^! Jx
= HQ*Ok.
'#^# QO K` _ P ''# H J~# x`` Ô Ok.
WO^*O O^\ H H= "eOK|_#@... WC_ x == ^H
q=K L`#=QK<~. =[O = JÒ` ^$_OQ Hx LO@# ==
_ JH~}OQ #tOK@K JOê qq^ ^~=h ~O`~O O^K<~.
D <ù =x`"# J<H ^~=` _# D [Q`# K#O`
=ÒK` ^+~_Q D r=_ ~=~, q<^q^k qH~= ZO^
Oê? WH_ Z\ WKO_< LO_@O LzÒ =!
D O KO J` ` = LO\Ok. ^+ ~=Q ` J` = `KÒk.
Wk Q=x# qk` "^_ (è=#k `#"_) WO` =Ò K` `#
Où #O_ Ku O^_. H#H ~=! h= WH_ U~_ WK, JxK# ZO`
jOQ `l JO`=Ozk.
q"HO H` D OKO Z=iH U=Ò =H aOK^. WH_ H@ Hk
[# q"H= H~H `"< KO_ ''=Hx L#k... D x L#k Jx
WH_ OKOk q+ = =#Q\xH WKyOKK<~. WH_ q"H=
H~H uOK "iH =H Ò_ ^". W^ [Q` W" H~H==
x~i< =~H "Q q"H, q*<^# P~Oz "H~ q~l~...
q~lK<~... q~lQ~.
F r=~! ~`~! q"H=K =H Ô... O _.
Jq"H=K Jk JÔ... JO. P `~"` g W+O. g~ <~O Z#x x+`
u LO> ~`~_Q P Q"#_ g `H =~^~_ HQ_.

JO^K` F ~=KO^! =## [~OK@O ^~ h= q"H=# Ja=$k
KH=@O LzÒ, Ô _.
"H=# WKyOK"~ P`^~#O H~ 'q"H=J< Ò PKiOKe.
P`^~#= K` =`" ~ ^Y= =OQ #tOKQQ`~. ~Q=i`,
OQ~`, =n=O`, J~#\ `_, [#_ "^#"~ WC_ D
q OKi<~. J\Q Jx H=O^ J\ *#=O`Q q" D
F L=# H~}O G 611
q LO@< LO\~. "~ U OY L#\H, D qx ~=qÒ

K<~.
`` = "~Qq"Hk`n~n I
r=#H q~ =H&# II ( 48, ~ 75)
H#H ~=! h=_ q"H, "~Q=# P~OK. n~|kK =~=#,
=\x =|k` K_Q =`~ ^$+x J=~K H. ''P`_ Jk _, D`_ J^= _,
<# H~Q#, <# Q"_#, Jq Oê, Wq `Qe... D ~O LO@#
O~*_=# `lOK. q"H ~~_" ~Ò^ =iOK^=QH!
=H - F x+OH ~! ~ "! ^~= Oê 'JOQ= K HQ =#Ou
H ~" =H. J\ =H ^= L#C_ #C_ _ O=". ''D
^= <#... D ^ O|O^=K HQ Q$=, |O^= "^#=h
<q... J# ~=Q LO_ Ou` _# ux x"iOK@" =H. D ^Ô^
U=Ò u, PH O_< rqÒ y#"xx 'r=#_... Jx JO@<O.
J\QO_, D ^Ô^ PH Hey rqOK"_ |^_.
~Q^+=... D ~O_ x"_ =_ - "H= H~H ''q#@O, =##O K@O,
xk^ (J##Ò UHQÒ)... P`-"=# J< ^# K`+O`
uOKe. '|`` xO J< Ò ZC_ K LO_e. |k ^Ò
O^=~ J\ `=#O_ q~qOK_^.
''^Y= L#k ...J##k ~Q= L#k J#\xH Q~ =! ~Q^+=
èqQ D =#Ax `= =O KO@<~. Jk Q=x _ T~Hx LO>
Z\? ''D`_ =\, "OK, JO` ^KO\_ - Jx è_, XH
ÔQ `# ^K# Q^#O K "O@|_`_, Z=_<?
[_=~H"# "^"^=#, =O^|kx.... Z\Q< ~... =ê\
~=`# P~OKe. 'H, `=... D ~O_ _ ZO` J=~O. D
~O_ H` D HO XH z# x _ K=x JOîH ` H^! WH,
"HO q+O =Ò "~ K^=#k? <~~H"# `=# =ê\,
H=O 'K \` '=#= rq`= J< J=HO =$^ KO> Z\Q...?
H#H F ~[#~! q~O` `j~^~QH! D q+O <# ZO`
qOz =~ =~ Q~ K<#. <#~! =^~=# J=OaOKO_.
J=~^=# Kz "#H_=^. L`= eÒ aOK=~ P` qK~} KO_.
^$_ Ò LO_Qx... D OKOx Jx O@# He _ ... J\"xx
612
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
P `= #O_ q~qO*=. JO`Qx... iq` J=Q#` _#
U"" "^"^=` P`H= "Q Q =~= #O_ Ku O^_^.
q~O` JK`^~ QH! "^~ = Ziy# =` ` *<#O^ ~=Q
P` ^=# Ok, J^xx =# qnHiOz KCK<~.
''u< P` ^= aOk Qx, Jk U^ Qe "@Q aOKk H^
Jx < q#O.

7. ~= ~+Ò
N~=_ : q! D r=_ U `= K` [Q` "t<_? P`_ XH
[Q`# =ê WO`< =~H [Q`H "t<_ H^! D n~ }xH
JO`H _?
N=+ =i: =#O HO`\ #O_ q"HÔ QiOz KCO@<O H^!
r=xH Z^~Q xez L# D [Q`h |= #O_ Jq"H =O K`
L^q<~. Jq"H=K`< u Ok LO@<~. =~ q"H=K #t<~.
'|= J< =Ô U~_ '[Q` == J< `~OQ~O~# Z=~
HOKQ~? ~H~}= LO_ `~}=# Z=~ HOKQQ`~?
J=H ^~#O (Perception of Duality) [QùH `=. =H ^~#=K D
O~[=O` q<#O O^Q^. qHe ^+~=, JÒ` OH~= J~#\
D O~Q~x JkQqOKO> JO^ 'Ò H ~O_ LO_x
J#<O Q^!
'O~= J#Q Uq\ Ziy# qA 'rq`= J< ^=H=# îxQ
~K H~. ZO^HO>, D O~=... '"= J# [O`, '=~}= J< _`
'}= J< `~O Q=`, '#~H= J< |_y`, '`$+ J# HO #=`,
'=# J< _QO_=`, 'rq`= J< #nOQ= #=`, 'Q= J<
Z`, '~Q= J< ~ ~`, 'WOk= J< " ~~<Ô`,
'P J< LC~O` ...Ok.
P! Uq nx =O! WO^ `= HQO\ K` |k=O`# "ix
_ Hk H} `= ^HOÒ KO@<~! WO^ "tOz# r=
H}O `= LkH =O^ Q ~O U=~KK<~! =#Oz P
_`<~. P P P =#< qO*<~.
F L=# H~}O G 613
D KOK O~O ^\" @" ~+O. JO`Qx, U^ ~[O Ô_ ` K

Q=@O ~+O H^. L`= |k, Lk, J=H= aOz _ O~ =Ô
^@\xH xOKx "ix U=x "e?... Hk=Ok =Ò `= H |*#
|O K` D O~ =^=# P# \ "<~. D [Q`#O`\ h |=O
K H~QK<~.
F ~=! h= J\ +Q |*#` _ qK~}K~. |kK 'WÔ`
|" Jx QOK. P `~"` WO^ H_OK. J@ aOK@" LzÒQx, WO^
|^_" LO_@O [ - Jx JxOKH^. F ~uH=! ~=KO^!D z#
=< h= qK~``~_"<=. D O~= QiOz KHQ zO`# K<=.
D q+O h Q~"# < ZO` P#O^x HQ*Ok. h= ^#_=. hQ,
Z=_< ~... D O~=# J``= |k` qK~} K P`xx WH "=
qO^? ^x = H^.
"@" ^@ KH Q qK~} K e. ~ == =# Qe q+ Q=#
H <\ "e. q"H ^$+x J=~KH"e. P` q+" =K~O OkOKe.
P `~"` Q~Ò`_ ~=# H#@ D | ~k q+=
Pn#`=# K~OKe. | ~k q+= h Ô KQx, h=
"\H ^_=, |^_= J=@O ~+H~O Z\ J=Òk.
U^< XH == #, O^#H=\xH =O^ P == H `` O, [#O
ijeOz =`" HiO. ZO^? ^x L`~`~ [#O HOQ LO_x
L^ O H^! J\ HO_, 'H Q#k, Jx JqK~} ~HOQ == # `K <
=#H! U=Òk?
N~=_ : z# "_ ^ K<, q#O_ u# |O_~ H"x U_
uO>... `"~ iH H_ <` ^_#@O\~?
N=+ =i : J=#. J\ J*xQ r=_ P` q+O H \ WOk
q+# JO\@Hx LO@<_. JO^H ^M, kQ P`xx =^@O ^.
=O`HO =$H=h ~=$^" HtOK#@, P``` ^~#O K"x
|=, |k, `[= =$kKO^`~.
~#O^<! `H=# P` ==# h= KHQ `<= =!
H#H<. ... h= P#O^=$` ~_ " Ju j` =_", `` ~ `_", K_"
~KO^x= q~l`<=. JO^K`< ~`=_=Q x# Kz D
"OK# =hO^~ =^#O^_K<~!

614
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
8.r=# q` ^$+
N~=_ : =s! D r=_ `# P#O^ =O PkOKQQ@ =H XH>
LO H^! J\ =H ~+Q =hO^~ D "OKO_@O D
J^ x = JOî J<H ~[# } O. ^$O #O_ "Ô@ q_=_ O_
r=# HtOK =hOîH t~ =Oz â=O^#O K < #. r=# Q
<~^_, qq` =i "^#"i '^$+ J=Q# "= ZO`Q< =~
=~ `x LO_@O = ZO` J=~=x <# J#O@<#. JO^K`
r=# q` ^$+ QiOz WOH =iHx q q=iOK=x q=#
"_O@<#.
N=+ =i : ~=! =#O r=# H}=, ^$+, J=Q# QiOz "~
"~ O^~ KC <O. WOH =O^ =O^ J<H H} #O_ KC H`<O.
r=#H` " D =# O"Ô H J``= H O. H#H ^ ^ #~} J=~" .
#~=$u ^+OQ a qOK~< < JaO. JO^K` =~ #~}
~HOQ r=#H ~O QiOz Hx q gH Lî#, q#.

~K~`_Q P`*x D OK=# ==~ ^$+` K#C_ XH

+x = (Q_x^ "x=) JO|O^~HOQ LO\_. ~=~ ^$+K
''WÔ` J^" H^ Jx QOz LO\_. ~Oz~#\ =# H"_
P#O^#`_ "QK LO\_. P`x |k JO`~Y=Q@K L^~Ò =Oz
LO@Ok. `# JOîQ< WOk=#, ==#, ^<^# Hey L#\H
`# JO`~Y ^$+K XH OOQ `k`~ ==~=# K LO\_. O`
|k` JO` Q=x... [# O^ O~O=# Kz#C_ #=O@ LO\_.
q^~=# Ja+OK_. =~=# ^~=@ u Hey LO__. Q_z#
== QiOz zOuOK_. Hh... ~= PKi< LO\_.
^$ (HH) ==~=O^ `## `# ^~OQ J>@Hx _
LO\_. P` q+ O =Ò JÒ` *Q~ _ LO\_. ==~=O^ _
L#\H JO`~ÒQ =Ò.... JO`~O } |[y# ^k `# O`
WO\x a_ QiOK JÔ` K#@.... P` H~H ==~x~`_ LO\_.
J# ~i`w x`=#~<+} I
~# | H~O =""=u+` II ( 9, ~ 76)
F L=# H~}O G 615
=# Jx H~ K#\H JO`~OQO Uq Kx"_Q LO\_.

~= "^ i`lOz, H~q x"_, =~_ LO\_.
^ =# H q+O#, =~= ^~= q+O#, `$
`=k H=O K` OK P~*kH~ q+O#, |O^ q` =Q=k
P O^~=# `# x~iOK=#k `^#OQ< x~i LO\_.
J~` UO? ~ q+=# P`_ =i#\H ''J" H~... <# nxH
H~#... J< H~ $à#O ~Ò KHx, P H~= x~i LO\_. Y
^Y= q#C_ "\x P` ~OQ Ziy LO\_. JO^K` W+J~+
= @ =~_, L^#_ LO\_.
^x H~ "OzOK_... ^+OK_. HOK_... iOK_. J#, u
H~K~} == J<H zÒ` ==i LO\_.
O^ x =, n~O^ n~x =, ^dÒ^ ^d`x =, =#
=$Ò`=O^ =x = LO@<... `# ~^ `# JYO_, J"
~=# U=~=_.

P`x <\"O @ }^" # , ^" # =@ =~. P`x "H =Q` O,
n~ ^$+, ~`=, H H}= =ÔQ OìOKx LO\~. Ja=#
~ÒQ LO\~. H#H, ''D`_ U\"_? Jx K~ JxOK=K. J~`
H;|kH =Ò P`_ n~| k `_x, PO^<~ `_x, P#O^^ =x`_x,
H==_x èÒk. }=_, #=Y_ ~*`_, M^
^~ x"_ P`_ LO\_.
~ }# `# ~=Q QOK@K P`_ ~ @ JH$u="# =
HeyO_.... HO^=_ LO\_. L^~Ki`_, ~=O^# =~_,
=_, Y Q~_, `# OQ`=K JOî ^Y=# iO*"_ LO\_.
`# ZH_O> JH_ ~KO^x= J=$` H~}=#, =Q*#==#
i LO\_.
P`xH H$`= K`Qx, ^+ $`=K`Qx, Q `Q=K`Qx, |O^
q` =Q==K`Q x, H~ , <+ ~=K`Q x, ~ `kH= K ` Q x,
|O^ "H=K`Qx `HOz H`Q =z_ [#=O@ Un LO_^.
D [QÒ` UH=Q |=Q, `# ~^ J#==QK#\, `# WÔ`
P``` =Q QOKK#\ P r=#xH WH |O^"q\? "H"q\? D |O^
616
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
"H= =#K P`x =# Z#\H n#Ò O^^. '=H *#= J#
JyK P`x O =h Ò HQ P`x z`= ~ ` `=, P#O^` =,
x~`=, J"`=, JYO_`= Jx " J#q LO@Ok. P`x
=# = q= qx~H" (Having been relieved of all Illusions and fantacies),
|~", #tOKH... L^~OKH LO@Ok.
P`_ ~= O^# PH== =~_ "K LO\_. T
_ x L# _ Z\ WK OH= O_< H K` H^ _ ...
#=`_ KK"? P`*x Z\ ~Q^ O_< `# D H K`# P
K+ xq_ . J@ xq< `# =k~#`x = |#OÔ F_K,
#~# ~`_ LO\_. W`~O `# ~QÒQ x~iOz# H~
Q~ =#C_, JÔ` Kz #=O\_. "\ Th JkQqOz LO\_.
W`~ O@## iOK_... qiOK_.
~O ~H~} Q$uK, [uK I
J#^ ~~ =K qK+` II
Jh Q_... `l_. Un QOKH x= K+ K LO\_.
*x... J*x - *xH, J*xH LO_ =Y"# `_ Uq\ K`#, q#-W^~
_ ^H HH=#~O H~=O^ =$`QK<~. J~`, *x P
H[x`"# Y^Y= =j`_ H_. =O^ =#K Oz#
H~# =Ò ^Q K LO\_. JO`~O QO H =i` _ LO\_. ZO^HO>
^~= h J`# x P`xH `. JO^H "\ = H~H P`_ ~ Q `_ .
P =h J=, Oz`=, HeH= JQ [#= Hey LO\x
`. ^Y^# QOK_. Y ux JHOK_. H~=# O`+OK_.
H~q`=K ^dOK_. ~Q= K|_ QH! KO^=O_O JH`Q
Jy* "^[ QH! Jy J^=YOQ [eOKQH! J=h _ P` *xH
P~O HeyOK=. ''PÒ^ J=h i<~... J# x= H"_
q *=#O^ _ P~KH`_ H_.
^K P`_ n#= =OK_. J@x H~= <~OK_. J==#=O^
l`_ H_. ^~=K x~[ HeyO__. Qi, =`_, d#_, i,
^+, H`_ J=_. qH= =O\ *#= Q P`xH Z=i<
HO LO_^. PHO q`#O "H`Ò^?

F L=# H~}O G 617
F ~~=! x~O`~O [## =~}=` _# D ''[Q` u O^

YOQx, ^YOQx Z\ LO\~? WH Z^~Q WH_O_Ô`, D ^=` ,
OK` =#" H^! =Q K= =iOK K@ Y ^Y= H
Uq\ KC? Z\ LO_Q" <H~O H^. WH_ x~O`~O }H@ [x<~.
=~}<~. D Lù q<=# Kz [Q^$+Q J*# =`" ~
H= O^K<~. [Q` ~O è#\ =~Q r=# WH_ Lù
q<#=# Kz U=Ò ~ KO^~.
~uO^ HkH} x^ n~H = O==`<~ KK"?
Lù q<<` _# D [Q` $+ Uk O=O? Uk JO=O? H}H"#
D `K O KO ''nx QiOz O`+O... ^x QiOz ^YO Jx O yOKH=@O
J~"=Ok? JC_`xH YO H J=" kOk. ``[#OQ YOH
=u~H#="# '^Y= J#^xH ~O U~_ *^. J#Q H "^#
qiO* ^M#=" r=## LO_^. Y ^Y OH= H =OK
'Wk `[= Wk Q= J##k _ P`xO_=. `[Q= =
H#H, W+, Jx+= WOHH_O\~? ^$+ #tOK@OK` QK `y
P~Ò |OOAO@Ok. JC_ =# q=Òk. =<<#H~}OQ
OH= H# LO_^. #= QQ "y~# `~"` WH #< QiOz#
OQ"H_k?

''< ~=Q P` "~Q ZH_ Un LO_*^ J# ^$_ *#=K
OH, qH= #t~. WH D ~ ^$ ^~= PH== u O^`~.
JC_ 'iz#= J##^n LO_^. J\ =`_Q P`*x Z\ ^~H
O|OkOK#\ JH$u==Q P#O^K " k`_ LO\_. D ` [Q` # O^
^ =# ^~=# z`=` J=HOKK x|`= =Oz LO\_.
D OK= @ O`, =# ~=Q x^ =O\ u Ok LO\_. J@
~|H = J =~ rq`=# Q_ K x``$_ LO\_. x~` H P#O^=#,
Jx~Kh O`$x Ok LO\_.
U r=_< ~... *# x~$^ =~#K 'r=#_ JQ@ `H
J=H=#^x ~[# =#qK<#.

618
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
9.Q=~O
N=+ =i : ~=KO^! XH =O_K# Hiqx KuH fHx =~H~OQ
uCK<=#H... JH_ XH =~H~ ="^ L#@ =QÒk H^!
N~=_ : J=# =s! J\ JxOk.
N=+ =i : ""xH JH_ =~H~ ="q ^H^! Hiq =K
J\ JxOk. J\Q =# H OK#= H KOK=K q^ ~=Q
D [Q` Ok.
`\Hh\H =\ _# qi` [O P=~ U~_`~. P=~ [O
HO> "~#q H= H^! PÒ^ U~_ zÒ^#= K`< D [Q` HxOK@O
[~QÒk. Wk q^ J~ LO_ _ '`= x`= = `KK#k. JqK~}
H~}OQ D r=_ =~H"# D [Q`# QOKK WO^ Y^YL^Q
= ~O~ # JQK<_.
N~=_ : =`! =+=s! D z`= ^xK KeOk? U qÔQ nx K#O
=#O x~kOK=K? D =## Ô*@O K P=HO H#H... D ~O_
=^#O qnHiOKO_.
N=+ =i : ''=OK `^#O ... D ~O_ "~ "~ H^ H^! 'Jy L+=
"~ "~? #= #<, +Ox _ H} +QOÔ ...D Ô^
XH^x H< =~H\ Z\ "~, "~#q J=`~?
J\Q z`=, ^x O^#= XH ^x HO> =~H\ "~ "~ H< H^. "\
O^ Q ''zÒ O^#O J< ^ |= H=O = K`< HeOK|_`<~.
Q} Q}= (The possesser of attributes & Attributes) D ~O_\ XH\ Ô>
~O_=k _ #> H^! z`= O^#= XH\ #t ~O_=k _ #tOz
Òk. J\ z`= H <#= H~ ~O_ q^=# L L<~-
1.Q=, 2.*#=. ...JO^ 'Q= J<k z`=$u x~^H~"#k.
N~=_ : 'Q= J#Q Uq\, ^x =# r=# Y=, Ou Z\ a
KO_.
N=+ =i : }# x~^H=Q QH QiOz =#O =O^ =O^
x~}H~} ~OO ''O_M#O Hx, Hx q O+OK
H`<O. J~` WH_ h= J_Q= H#H Hx q+ q#.

F L=# H~}O G 619
D ^ =# =#O K< O H^! nxx u Y O^ J<H <_ =

L<~. J\ 72000 ^H LO_ <_ = x~O`~O "= i
LO@Ok. J@ s~=O` x~O`~O i LO_ "=< '}= Jx JO\O.
D }= s~O J^ T~ Q=#= K LO\Ok. `# OK#=K
qq^ ~H=# H# x~iOK }=# P K@ x~iOK "~ "~ H#
J#iOz S^ ~# A HeOK~.
QO^=# P^~O +" H^! z`=# }" P^~O.
J#} i<ÒHH<#v I
OqÒ*` `zÒ qk ~= II ( 13, ~ 78)
# }K#= JQKO_@K, OH#Y" [xOK#\, *#=$` ''z`=.
J\ *#=$ux 'Oq` Jx _ JO\~.
}= OkOK@ K`< *# =$` (ZQKO_@ J# ~O Q =$`)
O^#= _ HQK#k. *#=$` z^x (Reflection of Absolute Self)
LxH` xO_ LO@<~. [= H O^#=K `~OQ= Lù JQK#@
*#=$` O^= K` q+#=O HQÒk. ^$[Q` H "=~O
q+#="!
} O^#" zÒ Jx KC <O H^! H#H }= Q#H x~kOK|_`. ..
JC_ z`= _ `H LqOKQ^. J@ z`=, H, =# Lq
'[Q` J< J#=O _ q "O^K#k.
N~=_ : =hO^! D Ô 72000 <_<~ H^! "@x\ O^
x~O`~O Q=<Q=#= K# }"= "@"^@ <H ^~
"t<~ H^! J\ <H "^# ~O^=O^ Q PHO "=#
x~kOK@" }==x qx<#.
N=+ =i : J=#. J\ 'x~^= J< Q=Q qq^ =~=#
qnHi#... q#.
1. J<HQ` #O_ UHQ` - P~OK|_K# OiH =$Ò^ JqO
^$__e. ''<xC_ P~=# D ^~*=O` "=O H^. WÔ` ##
qO*... ^Y=#, "=# HQ *Ok. H|\ WO^ `y# LO
H~H J<+OKe J< Ò ^$_ ~ K H"e. [# OQ` O`#, "~ QO
K`# P J=Q# |_Q ^. JC_ ^, UHQ` ~k^ O\~.
620
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
== `lOK|_`~. J\ ^#=K`#, J<H`*_= `QK#\
'UH`= H ^$_OK`# }K#= xqOK|_Q^.
2. }=O - Y ~HOQ H=H=OQ x=iOK|_ '~H= OH=
~KH= J# qQ= Q }== H ^$_"# JOK`, UHO`
^#QOK` }K#= x~kOK|_Q^.
3. }"K~} - 'FO H~=# n~OQ LKi... J^x Oê 'JL=
JO`s# " LO_ 'K` ~= `# J=OaOz ...J^x ~= (That which is intended
by Om)# =# K@O =~H =~O. J\ q` =#KO_@OK` H=OQ
q+ = O|OkOz# J*#O iQ `yÒk. OiH ^$+ h q~.
JC_ }O^#= x~^=Òk.
qq^ Q= - WC_ qq^ Q= QiOz, `^~ z`=
x~kOK@O QiOz KCK<# q#-
1. ~H= - "=# <H@= ^~ n~OQ HiOK@O, =~
H=~HOQ `lOK@=# '~H= Jx JO@<O. ~H=# ^ ^ J
= ...H=OQ J\ JO`~ ~H=K }OK#= '~Ò xK x
"O Q LqOk. H=OQ =# x=Òk.
2. O= - ~H=K <H@= ^~ HiOz# "=# xO_
O_Q n~H O s~O O aO* @O... J@ O aOz# `~ "` ~HO Q<
"=# uiy =^@O. D JO K` _ }= Oa`=Òk.
3. ~KH= - "=# <H~O^= ^~ |~Ò K, =~ "=
"tOK O_ Hk H}= x=iOK@O. J\ ^$_O K` q=Q }=
PH~=# O^Òk. J=O, "= <@=# $tOKH
=@K } K#=, `^~ H=OQ =<KOK`= x~kOK|_`~.
4. `=- O\H Q=^ - <\e ^=_ H "^\ QO "_KO_
O\H (HO_ <H)# <H z=iH` J}z\ }=# | ~O^=#
"t O * ^~} X#~@O K` }O^# x=iOK|_Òk. f= QQ
HO^~ nxx JO K<~.
5. ~^#O - ''D [Q` O|OkOz# U"" q `H"e, QOKe
J# ~O Q XH<H =$u D r=x J#H}O |_Òk. J\ =$u<
'O"^# =$u Jx JO\~. D r=x P O"^< =$u `# H< qH~=# `lOz
xiH =k H JO K` H; $^HO O K|_O^#H...
JC_ _ D }O^# x"|_Òk.
F L=# H~}O G 621
6. MKs =^ - <HQO =^ Q O_O_ JOQ= =~ Q x~HO

=<^$+x\x `~eOz `z xe=#H... JC_ _ }O^= x~kOK
|_Òk.
7. |~O^ =^ - O_O_ JOQ= "~ L# t~ H Li
Q O`=O^ Q | ~O^=#O^ J=O K` } =$`# ~O
*@K }O^=# xO K@O.
8. =^ - D <Òk= J =OK` =^ QO (Space between
two eye - brows) z~HO x~kOK|_#C_ `= }= LOu O^Q^.
J@ OuH LHqOz# }= | ~O^=#O^ "@@K }= iQ

x~kOK|_Òk.
9. Q~ J#QO D~#QO - J<H [# K# , }O `QH~ =OK
i^_ O^ _ J~#\ r=_ XH<H [# Q~= H H~ ~k J#Q =
K`<, D~#Q= K`< 'P`*#O HH`mOQ O^Ò\_. ^,
XHiQ f= `=# HiOz HkHO P`*#O O^@O [~Q=K.
J\ P`*#O H=OQ = H#, ~ P JkQqOz#^ HtOKQ^.
J\ u }K#= =Q x=QK#k.
10. ^#= - D z`=# `# $^HO z~HO QOK LO> J\
JQ Q^_ =Q "<~`_ J=`_. z`=# Q=<=
~}O =O\ J xqOK@K _, J^qÔQ, H=OQ $^HO
Pz`= ~ = =Q_. J\ P` ^#= K @K }O^#= x~kOK|_Òk.
W\ P L=K, J=K }= xqOK|_Q, ''z<`
=_Q P ~=` < H `~"... Jx Z~Q|_Q^.

N~=_ : =`! <^H z# OÔ. D q ^$=O` _ '$^=
J< ^~}O uaOaOK@O [~QÒk H^! J\ D } $Ô Z@
`~ K|_Ok? nx ~= Z\k?
N=+ =i : D = } $^= ~O_ qQ= Hey LO@#k-
1. `[ (uH) $Ô - iz#=Q D uH ~=#O^ Q =H
Ô =O O_ ~O L#k KK"? Wk `[ $Ô. $Ô H
D qQO ""xH $^=# LH~}= =O\k. Wk [_"# s~= H
XH J==" L#k.
622
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
2. Q (JuH) $Ô - Wk *# =`=Q $^ qQO. Wk ~
JO`~=#, =# _ L#k. Hh ~=! Wk ""xH |@Qx Qx
^x _ K=K. ZO^HO> Jk XH uH ^~O H^ H^! uHO Hxk
^xH ? ^xH |@? W^ ^#=Q $Ô. nxO^ [QÒ` u <Ok
L#k. Wk ~ ^~= P^~O... ~ O^ xO _.
D $Ô H ~= Uq@O\"?... ^x ~= ZH (Awareness)
(H) *#= (Knowledge Absolute) (H) Oq`. <# =# O"^= H =
H~ $^=# ~O_ qQ= K K#. J~`, [_=... t^$=...
=OO_= J~# `[ (uH) $Ô "="# $Ô H^x, Q
$Ô J# $^=h QOK.
"<`Q~HOQ D z`=# Oq` ~=Q ^ Q $ÔxH
"tOKe. JO`Qx, ^xx |~k WOk q+ J>\ ~A
[_~HOQ Q_~^. zÒ |OQ $^HO... U =~= (H) LO
K`<< ~... xyOK|_#C_ } K#O x~^==Òk. qq^ PK~,
H=# qq^=~, `k`~ H== kOK~. ^Q, H =# Ziy
PKiOz#C_ } O^#= x~kOK|_Òk.
=#O # KC# P Qh J=O K`.... D O~O
`lOz "HO =iOK## ^ ...Ò_ L`= L=
Hi<~. }== "^#q J=K ^$__` "~Q=#
HiOz, `^~, "# x~kOK|_`~. J\ "<x~^= H =K
D r=_ B#`= OkOz 'P``` =# QOKQ_.

H= =# h~ Q@ H\ #_ `# " "Q=# LOiOKHx

"#H =~H `^H^! =#O WO`=~ KC#\ ''=Ô #O_, <H
^= #O_, HO~^= #O_ 12 JOQ= =~ Q Ô z`=#
~ O K @O (MKs =^) J< JO K` =# H iiq^` O Lq O k.
}= x~O`~ OK#= qOk. J\Q <H H z=iQO` `=
(^=_) #O^ "_ LO_ HO_<H# =~ $tOK@O JOK_O K` _
ì`Qu }OK#O P ^# Jn#Ò aOk.
J~` XH =Y"# q+O JOîH Q~ K<#. P Qh
JOu= [#=Q ''JYO_ J"#u J# ~OQ "H ux
F L=# H~}O G 623
kOK@ =O^ Hx qH= U~_ J=HO L#k. ^_ x=_

LO> qH=h "@O`@" `Q`~. ''~= L=#= J< =# ^$
q+H x ^# ì`Qux HQK~. J~` }Q
qkq^#=# Q~=Y` Ziy JOK=#^x < q#O.

J= K`< =#=_ H~`_ P`~=_Q q~lQ_. HOKO
^, @^ HeyO_ ^# K JO`H~}=#O^ d HQ_.
J=# qOz# Q~=, q`_, LO, =~O "~ LO_=. J=K
H=H=OQ }O^#= #yÒk. =# Ou O^Òk. =# Ou
x~}^= H |^=, H "H= +OKQ^.
}O^#" =#. =# =< D O~= JO` HQÒk. H|\
}O^#= Lq O~ ^Y= `# `#Q #tOKK#k. JC_ |=
#O^ H<H" LO@# =#, |k, zÒ, JOH~O, Ô, ~|O, |OÔ,
"HO "^Q "H=^=O` x=$u KO^Òk. |^" +Ok.
`~", `~", `~", ~`` I
` <-^", ` <-^", <-^", <^$O [Q` II
D [Q` Q QKiOKÔ ` ZO^ LO_ L#k? ^x #O_ WÔ` Pq~q Ok?
Uk JO`\ "Oz#k? D ~= `Q U^ L#k? Hh...
ZO^ [Q` J#|_^n LO_*^? ^x#O_ =~H>n Pq~qOK*^?
^x ~"` D H#|_ [Q`, WOê U == H^? U JOO# ^xH Wk
== (comparison)H^?
J\ x`#`# JHOH J" |=, ^xH XH<H^ J#==
=Òk. D H#|_ [Q` <=O`=, qH== H^! WH_ x~}~=`
^$"#^k aOk? JO^H... U ^$O`"< |=# =QOQ è*
Q^?... ^. ^# H iHu D r=_ J#|_ z^=... ''QOK"_,
QOK|_K#k, QOK@ J# u\` ~~~k =$`
H~`= J#qOK Q^. <@H= K# ~AQ~ ~OQO "tOz
`^~ ~"O *HO HeyOKH#@O ZO` ~ Q^! y `# H
~= Ziy# `~"` D [Q` J< H#` `^Ò KOk ~ O^_.
J`_ ~^ H ~=< LO\_.
J\ z^" `*=O`=# Jx ^~= HO>_ H=O`"#k.
624
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
D H== "^# ~ JO`~ =$`# HtO*#k J^! 'K`#=
J< ==$H= #O_ qq^ ~H=Q D [Q^= x~O`~O L`#"
#t<~. U ==u J~` D ~== P= L#\ P |^=#
P=OaOz LO\_... n~ _, |A_ JQ P`xx 'r=#_ Jx =#O < O.
J\ r=## ~Qa+ #tOz`~. ` J` H#O` LqOz
Òk. P`_H Z\ ==~=#O^# ~=Qx, H=Qx O^_.
P`_ =H =#_. P`_ ~`=_.

10. *# =~O
N~=_ : =`! ''QHu O^\xHQ# z`=# #tO*e H^!
J\ z`< #=#H L=Q '}x~Ô QiOz K~. J\Q =~H L"# \
'=H*# =~#O QiOz _ KO_.
N=+ =i : ''PÔ` ~`_, J^~}_ JQ ~=` XH_ D [Q`#O^
H_. P`xH J#OQ ZH_ Un ^ ....J# U =`~ xO L#^... J^x<
qA '=H *#O Jx <~. J\ =H *x, ''O_h =\. ==h
^k. r=h P` J# =# Hey LO\_.
q^*#=K [<^h HQK<~. q^ *#= K`< H^, @O^
"eH uiy_# `_# Kz 'Wk = Jx =HQ@O! =H *#O
J#Q, ''= J#k < =. WH_ L#k `_ Jx è=K@ =O\^!
OHO qx~H"#k, q+=i`"#k JQ `` =# 'Oq` (Absolute
Existence & Knowledge)Jx ~ \~. J\ Oq` `# H H =O K`
~ ~` xO_#k. ^xH J#"#Ô@ ZH_ Un ^. J^ "H #=...

|= _. P Oq` XH K@ ^~OQ Z~Q|_#C_ P #=#
'~=` Jx JO@<O. Jk ~ ^~~=~#\H... J^ ~H#K J^
'Jq^Q JQK#k. ^$iq` ^$+ HeyL#C_ ~=` r"`Q =
|_Òk.
''H Jk Jq^# QOKK#k! Jx _ J#=K... F ~=KO^! U^`
`H#K#^ J^ è|_=#k. D Ja< "Ô` i+ - *#"
*" L#k ...Oq` O"^= - Jx K|_Òk.
F L=# H~}O G 625
h= P ~=`Q P~kOK H~= U" L#k?... h "= ^~"!

Jk ~^ H ^ ~= _! J#Q... h" ~", ^", `",
JYO_", J""... `Q ~=`" J~ L<=.
''<# ^=K, ^=K, H=K |^_# J# =# Hey L# Oq`#
''r=_ J# ~` < O. Oq` "\H Jf`" # ==# HiOz#C_,
J\ Oq` H u x ''t==, "H= "^# <==` KC O@<O.
r=_ =HQ`"# q+= ^$ K, =`_Qx, ''"=~_ (x[O)
H^. D r=x H t=~O ~^ "=" "QO^Òk.

H#H ~=! Oq`... O"^= *#=... *= Ò@#"_...
è|_K#k - W=h XH J~O Hey<~.
D Jx Ô^==^ ^ ` H# ^. J*#=O K`< P` `## `#
[QÔQ OK"#~H#K#k. Uk U"< H=K.... P` J#"#Ô@
ZH_ Un ^.
D =H= H#|_Ô` `=Q P` J~L#k. ''D [QÒ`
P`... J< xO h O^ ~ _ O ^, WH h ~ H=`= k O k. ~ =
P`Q îOK |_K#C_ WH "== ZH_O\~? O^"H= H
ZH_?... Z=iH?
N~=_ : =i = |O^"H= QiOz q<~ H^....?
N=+ =i: == q*#O qiO* \xH =`" = '|O^" H=
J< H^#=# uk<~. WO`H D r= P` J# U "~# ^xH "z=O_
KC ?... H#H W\H aOKx^^ JC_ aOKe - J# L^QO J#z`" J=Òk.
P` aOz LO_x^C_? P`~O Hx^k.

'z`= J#|_k P` J#OQ Un ZH_ LO_*^. |" ~^ D
^$= ~=# aOk. D [QÒ ` z^H" . |O^" H= # =~" # ^
=! =` _ =` J~#\ |" 'q=... q~= J~# D
^$= ~=# L#k.
JO^K` F [#~! q ~O` '^ `= J< =## qO^ ~Ò
KO_. `j~, J\ `~H ^K ''P` J#Q << J# Z~H# ~
~KHO_. P` ~ HO_.

626
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
F ~=! H>, t, ==, ^= "^# ^~h ""xH 'H H
qq^ `` = H^! ''Jk#=Q <` ^$+` KHQ qKi "\O^ "#
Ô HxOK^. "=O Wk J~ LO_Q, WH h= ^x H~ OH#Y_=
J=K<" KC? h= ^xx '==Q K<"... Jk `# H PÔ`=O^
<#= x^ J~ L#k.
== H "= `` =# Lù, q<#= =. "\ PÔ`=
~O P`. H#H h= xtO`Q P`=_" LO_=.
=~[OQ=`H=Q D [QÒ` ~|~=Q z^H" J~ LO_Q
WH WO^ Y ^Y=K@? H|\ ~=! h= OÒ O^=# x^. XH
[O z` qz` `~OQ= ~=# iOk H^! P` D ^ `^ `=Q
L`#=QK =OQ iOk. `` = è#"xx D q+ Q= U=Ò
`H<<=. |OkOK=. Q ~`=# KeO*Q"? =`~=Q
P`# QiOz# qK~} K#\ *xH =## D `KOzH WOk
==~= U=Ò d#O K=. J~`, J[O Q `\HO HOQ
K# @# qOy"#@, JqK~}` _# P` xO_# =# Q
=_r=x ^Y= =z x~O`~O qOy"<~.

JO^K` ~=! ''WÔ` P`! Jq^ J#|_^xH O =O (Independent
Existence) ^ J# ^$+x JO K~. JC_ i^=Q ~=`Q +=.
P`~=_" q~l`=. qq^ [=x `~OQ=, #= (#~Q)
|^^= (|_Q) [=# "~ "~ H#>... qq^ H#x\ P` HH
=~n ZH_ ^. ~ `=K, L`"`= qK~} K D q+O KHQ
QOK. D ~ LÔ^ iOKK# '<#... <# J# Oq`` ...
WH_ JH_ ZH_ Jx " P` L#k.
P` J#OQ ''<# J<k ^. H#H... <# P`<.
D =Ò QOK@O H+"=#k KC? ''P Q=O`xH "~Q =~H_
<# L<# J# =# K`< ~ J#~= =z _`<~. ''P` ``
=iOHH_ Un LO_^ ...J# ^$_x=K ~ J#~= `y`<~.
JO^K`... =H P`îq H=. JC_... =# `~_K# ~|O^=
#O_ q=_"`=.
q=_" WH P `~"` =O^Q< Uk Z@ Lz`", qk q^#" J>
==i LO_. WH hK K|_^n x# $tOK*^. h =# x=$^#
F L=# H~}O G 627
JkQqOKQ^. J\ x` ` JYO_ J" ~Q` P` ~_"

K<O^K#C_ h= ~ #=~Q_"`=.
W\ J=Q<~H"# J#=ux OOkOKH#@ '*#=~= J#
~` A =# uk<~.

11. ^$ ^~# O|O^f`Ò

N=+ =i: F ~=KO^! h H ''=H *#=~O Q=O H=\xH LHi OK
Q XH<H qK~}# JOk#. nx O` D Q= Z^~Q L#C_
_ "\ H~H u Q#=# JQÒ <^x ` Q=xOKQ~.

Z_ |O_x Q` LO\~. J~` P |O_x ^~=# J#qOKk
Z_?... H^. P |O_ [=x H^! J\Q... D <`= H=O ~x K~.
Hh P ~= =# HeQ YO, ^YO, P~O "^#q J#qOKk <`=
H=. <`=O^ "tOz# Oq`~_Q D r=_ ~O J#qOK"_ =!
WH_ =#O XH =Y"# # qKiOKe. <Òk= ~=#O^
Q=~#C_ P` ZO^ HHQÒk? `# Q_^ QO@ _#O` =`#
KHe kQQ KuH_ ~O\_? @x |~^ ^ JO\#C_ ''Uq~
^=_! J#x =#O T~O@<=? H OQ H_O@<O. <Ò XH
LH~}=. WH ^$= J\ LQ=x XH<H 'O^~=. JO^K` D
r= <`= ^=Q#`, iJ~# =~O xqOz LyOKH=@"
qxQO. Jk 'QO. JO^K` D <`k WOk=# i J~# =K~O
*_Oz P P H==O^ LyOK_O J`=~O. J\ O^## *#
Z@ P~<~ K`#.... q#.

F < <`=~! q~ 'ZO` Q! - Jx J#O@ D "^# P
JOÔQ HxOK q+ |~^ z#@ zHHO_. ZO^HO\~? U"q
'JOÔQ Hx<~ Jx qOz, qOz q~ |^~`<~... J=h
_ Hk H} f="# =~ KO^`<~. Q q=< #tO*<~.
JO``"# z^` |@ _ P ~ ^~=O^ HtOK
K #k. JO` ` " O_ ''J#= }= =<= q* # =
628
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
P#O^== J#|_ OKH= P`H H=K u Ok LO@<~.
JO^K` Jq ''P` Ja#= J~, J#QqOK|_K<~. fH |kQ A_
`# H~H== JkH QO P` O|O^=Q H~H== WOk,
=## xqOz LOK`_. WH ^= # ^~#= =# O|OkOz#
HO^ ''L^#`= =Oz x~i LO\_. JO`Qx, =_x = D
~ <== |~^ `^Ò O^_. D ^$ ^~=h Lù, q<#O
Hey L#"H^ ! Q , W=h _ JqK~} K`< H ~=} OQ H#|_ PHi < ~.
q^Q ~=# P~Oz =$`=YO "tOK=# JQÒ Uq\ Ok?
F WOk=~! P ~=` ~ ^~=# HtO*@ O^
Ju =~_ LO@<_. J~< _, D ~k q+=O^ L^#_ H
~_ LO@<_. H|\ q~ _ D ^$=@ H= LO_O_. ^ ^=Q
P`< gH LO_O_. JO`Qx P` "~#@ =#K x~Q"# O`=O`
QK HO_. WH_ `~ _ K# ''~, ~ , =~, q`, Jq`, S#"~,
Hx"~ - "^#"~O` 'WÔ` P` J# ^$+x ^$_OQ Hey LO_O_. P
WH Uq K_#O> Jk K_O_. ==Ò O^HO_.
<`^ HiOK ^$= Q# F z`=! #n[Ox `~OQ= H
PH~O ZO` JxÒ? D ''*u = ^ O^~=... O|O^h JO`
JxÒ. PHO HxOK "= H PH~O Q q^ J~#\ D =
=^= PQ=#, x+=}= =q LO\~? H#H h=
OÒQ qOz LO_.
JÔ uaO|OQ, H[O #tOK KQ z`=#O^
D [Q` iOk. =^ =Q U~_, "^Q# Lù KOk.
D ^~=h ~ HO P~OK@K`#, ^~=# P~OK@
K` ~H= =H= QK<~. D qÔ Q P^~ P^ = [_" i< ~.
WH J\ ="= Kz r=_ ''JO` JOÔQ L#k! Jx J#O@ OuH <
x~}OQ H=^ ZO^ Oê? D r=# ""xH U ^~O`# Z\
O|OÔ < ^. WH =^ ^xH?

1. ~=, 2. <`^K HQK# ^~= '^~#O (H=),
3. =# H OHO ...D =_ _ XH ^x` =~H^xH O|O^= x
=_ `` =, Hx, zÒ! '=Y=, ^~}== D =_ HeLO@<~.
J~`... J*#=K =`" Jq =_ He L#@ Hx<~.
F L=# H~}O G 629
*#=K J*#= `y#C_ P =_ "~"~Q< Hx~. JC_

=_ ^ ~OQ, Jk#=Ò (Made up of Absolute Self)Q +~. H,
H He L#\H "\H XH ^x` =~H^xH ~` -- UHÒ LO_^ H^!
''~= H= OH= D =_ _ =# H LxH K`, K~
K` XHK\H =z X#Q_K<~. J*#= OH~ OK@K =# ~OzO^#H...
JC_ P =_ He*=.

s~O H, K=, = <~, K~=, H, K` qq^ ^~=#
<~"~<~ H^! J~` =# Wx WOk=# P^~=H ~Ok.
J\ =# WOk ^~="H u~OQ iOkQx, P`# Z~Q@^.
WO\H JH~O HQ* ==# WO\Oz f"= KK"? K==
J, HeH =="Q i# D =## ~`=K `# ^+
=~= #O_ q~qOK@@ Ke.
F =#! h= q^~OQ< q[$Oa<=! Hh ''P` WOkq+=#
=##= K@ h H ~=x < è~Ok. J#Q, <# =##=
KKO_@" h ~=, LxH _! WC_C_ h P## è`<~.
PÔ`= h= J^" H#H h= ` =~=#=O^ _ =$` _".
OKOk= ^~ | ~ ~ ~ QO^ U~_KO_Q, < "\H
=^ h= ZH_#Oz =K=? D r=_ x# `#"xQ, `#O`\ "xQ ZOK@K`<
J`x LH~}~O h= |_K<=. JO`Qx, ""xH ~^ JOQ=Q
K`#=# h= O|OkOz# ^#= U=Ò H<H=.
F =#! hH q[$O}O < HOKO_ O`+O K~@O ^. XH
SO^*x =K i`"# ^x= h= H}HO L^qOz qq^=#
q+H$`# J=î<=. =~OQ ZH_H_ `Q#K<= ZO^?...
~! WO`=~ U^< [iy LO_h. WH UO Ke J< q+xH=Ô. WH
h= LO> LO_. ^, `y. <=Ò h` Uq O|OÔ ^ . q^~_=Q@K
h= ZC_ QuOz#^x" J=`=. qK~} ^$+` K h LxH ^.
F =#! x`=$`_! h= `` ~`_=. [__=. Ou =_=. ~_=
J*#`_=. J*xH =`" h= ^YO HeyOKQ=. qK~=O`x h= Uq
K=. J*#H~}O K`< WO`HO 'D =## `yOKk Z\? ...Jx <#
=^#_#. WC_... <# P`# îOK#. P` "~#^n ZH_ LO_*^.
H#H h= =.
630
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
=H pH\ H#|_# U"" PH$`h nO "QQ< =@= =`~
KK"? *#nO =O^ "Q#O` HO ~Q^+"H^ =^=`~^
Hh_` qO*=. x# KHO x~kOKH#. = ^=<
L# P`==# ZO` HO H#=~Q K=.
WH KeOK h <@HO. J*# KO `QQ D Ô =, ^=k L`=
Q}= P"" [# ^K#= q#@ J~=QK#k. ZO` O`+OK
=# q+O!
F '=# J< `=! h= W`~= =. WC_ LO_*=. WH=O^
U~_*=. 'J` ~=Q h= WOH Q _H ...#=K<"? < D Q$
Ô #O_ ''`$+H^="= "^# h i"~x fHx WH |^~.

J=! 'q"H= J< =O`=# P~OK@K '=# J< `_ |@
O|__. QOz `_# "_Q\#_ P Q ZO` OÒQ LO@Ok!
=# Oq JO`\ O`` a O k. U }H ` ''<# D ^ =` ~_#
...J< |k LO@O^, P }x 'H}OQ~=, [_=, ~~= J~#\ D
=# `# =O KHQQÒk. P`xx |OkOz `# W+O =z#@ P@ P_Ok.
J~` P `=, P PH =#k H^. JÔ` J*#= H Ò
=`". ''D s~=# ~=, Jkf= JQ P`H< <# J# Z~H Q"x
=O^ D =# XH LH~ } O =ÒQ LO_ Òk. J\ "xx Jk kOK*^.
PÒîx D [Q` H LxH = `# ~ = ~O #O_ q=
HeyOK =. n#=Q z`= ~=Q P`# =O KH=@"q\?
H#H <# z`= (=#)# JOwHiOK#H~ ^ ... u~ iOK#H~ ^ . P` O^~ #
=O K` Jk =$`" < ~ == #O^ XH = Xky LO_ QH.

''=# H^... <# ^xx `yOKH"e J< ^~ #O, =, ...
Jh_ ''O ~=Q P` XH> L#k J# J=Q# O`
`y`<~. WC_ ^ O =ê#"x= =~` =O` =ê r=#_ " PÒ^
P`K O`_#QK<#.
z`= ` _ WO`HO <# î Oz# === Kz WC_ #==Ok.
<~O `Q@K i^_#, Y_# JQK<#. 'qK~} J< =O`=OK
zO`h L_y, q+ "+ = `y O`_<< #. JOH~ ^+~ H _ =~}O K_.

F L=# H~}O G 631
J~<... < =# Uq\? P Uq\? `K"# JOH~ "q\? D

`^ <"? ...H=. H#C_ "\ H~H <# ~kOK@"q\? < =#
JH~ ^ ... P JH~ ^ . <# ~ ^ Jkf_#... H$`~_ # , z`~_#, x~_#,
xiH_#, x`_#. J\ < P` << =~ ** ` #u<#...
#=i<#.
<O^ H=Qx, "=Qx =. JOH~=, Ja=#= "^#q
LO_=. J=h < K= =O\q. ~=# ~^ <# Hx. < H
~=#O^ P, H~, O~=, H~ $`=, H $`=, ^= - "^#q
U~_*=. HQ ## K~Qey#k, <` =#"#k Un ^. '<# J#
H# =O^ L#^^ J^ < "=~O.
<# 'P` J< |=# "K_# H^. U |=# ## O~=Q
=zOKQ, H\ OKQ, x~zOKQ =~O ^.
J~` 'JO J# ` =# J#"# Ô@ Un H =@O K`. .. JO`
<<. ~H= PkH~}O, D H=# =OKk, D H= ~OQ
Hey L#k, JO`~=# D H=g x"_# <#. JO^K` 'Wk `Qe... Wk
LO_e J<^n < PkOK|_*^. U ^-H== ## iz#O
K*=.
xiH~ x` x~O =` H^! =i h <# #=iOK@"\?
<, ~`=, #k "^# "\` _# D ^~ OK[Q` Qx H,
K`, H "^# J=iH` _# D Ô Qx <# H^. Wq L< <
~"^.
Wq < O|OkOz#q H=. <# g\H O|OkOK#. ^... OH@#K
J=h <<. L# K@ LO@< JO`\ L<#. =<qH~`_#... =`=K
aOK"_#. q=# b=ÒQ H\ OK"_#. [Q^`_#... s~=
x"_#. [~[# ~ `_#. JK`_#... z`~_#. Q}f`_#....D~_#.
#=iOK"_x, P #=~O HiOK"_#...<<!

632
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
12. ``"`
N=+ =i : =! ~=KO^! ``"`H xO Z\ LO@O^
=#O WO`=~ KC<O.
ZC_` r=_ ''D OK=O` P`. P` kfOQ ^$O^ J<
xO Ok_ ...JC_ P`xx A '`` "` , 'Jkf_ Jx < ~.
J\"xH `# z`= _ D ^$= JO`~`" `k`~ ^$= Q<
q^Q Z~Q|_K#k. P`xHH ^$O L^=O OqOK^.
D [QÒ` Jq^H (H) = H H~". J# z`^$+K Wk x^
J=Òk. Z=iH "iH "i"i z`=# J#iOz D [Q` iiq^=Q
`KK#k. 'PH=$HO J< fu h= q<=H^! PHO =$HO Z LO@Ok!
D [Q^#=O _ J\^. ""xH WÔ` ^ z<` ~".
<H L# xH X_# L# =$H H^`#@ Jx~. Jq x[OQ
=~H~OQ H^K<?
H^K# OÒ (Giant Wheel) ~#"xH Z^~Q L#HO_ y]#
u~QK#@ JxOk. HO^ x|_"xH... P HO_ ~OQ< H#|_Òk H^!
J*xH D z`= "="#^x= JxOk. D O`~ ^~=h
z`= #O_ JÔQ Pq~q<~. JO^K` ``"` "\x Ju[OQ
"Ô@ `lOz LO\_. O ~ `_ O`=i` _ `# ~=#k, =#k
Un x"_ LO\_. D+}~`_ #==K `# ~=iH ~=#O^
^ K`# KH=i J~ q~l` LO\_.
D Z^~Q H# H#|_ ^$=# JqOz#C_ <`= H~H=O
J*#~`", JC_ `$KO _ #tOKQ^. "O[~O qz#O HQ,
x~ OH~O ~k^H x ^$H `QÒk. JC_H H~ =iH? P H~ e `=
Z=iH O|OkOz#q? Oz`~|PQq H~ =O` z`= LqOK
Q^. J*# x^ \OKÒk. JC_ r=_ |^_ HQ_.
D [QÒ` _ 'O`=, UH= JQ |". WH_ J<H`=Qx, P`
HO> a#"#kQx OqOK*^. WH `` "` JO`H~}O qKiOK\xH
U=O@Ok? P`xH ZH_ Kz< P` J#=q+=QK#k. P`xH J`
q+"# ^x`# < LO_^. D r=^h P`xH JOQ`" J=`~.
F L=# H~}O G 633
''PÔ`~ `=Q ~= ^= # <# J# J#= =` =_, _ ~ " _

P`< Pk LO\_. z`= L< < z`=K `~_ ~ q+=
Jf`_, q~_ LO\_. P`xO^ P` H ~=#`= ~^ L^~Oz
LO@Ok. iz#`=# Q_z# H= `lOz Jiz#_ LO\_. JqK~}
=O J_Q_= U~_# W`~ JOH~O WC_ U"~O^
_ P`xH è^. nO "eyOKQ< pH\ , P pH\ iOK Hh_H~
Z@ ` Z=~ KQ~?
z`= #tOz# `~"` WH 'qK~} K#"_ L#"_? LO_x"_? J#
q=O JO` J#=~= QK#k. J\ qH= P~OK=# PQ` O P`xO_^ .
J\ `~# ~#` =## #~rqO*=# P=H` P`xH=O@Ok?
JO^K` JO`H~}=#O_ OH=h ~è, 'FO H~=# H "#
`s=O^ O`_ LO@<_.

qO@<", ~=! *x W\ qK~}K L`=#`=# J=î<_.
J#K#O +xu ~= K` I
~` [ `[ Ò qK~` II ( 17, ~ 81)
H|\ h= #_KK#C_, H^K#C_, u#K#C_, `QK#C_,
xk#C_ 'P` [` _ LO_=. z`=` u~E P` qK~} Hq
LO_. ^ z`Q ZO^~ =h XH " `=`= =~= ^~=#
x~i... "\ K` $tOK|_H, `= P`[# H_O@< =i<~.
=# =^~` ~Òx ~KO^xQ #`` "QO^K<~.
"u`=#\ `= xqOz# H~= =^ h\x `=~ =
==i<~. = n=O`, = q" D OK=# "K<~. "~
h ^~}Q QH!

'q"H^$+ J# ~Q D qQOx q+=O` XHC_ qO^ ~Ò
|$u ^~_Q O=~_ K# O"^=H ~O" L#k. P`xQ<
qK~}` _# |k` P`^$+x J=OaOK. P`xQ< L`~ `~ qHH=OK`
D O~ Q~=# J=O ^@QQ`=.

634
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
XI. g`=_ JO`~^# Q=

1. O^#
N=+ =i : F ~=KO^! D O~=# H HO Q JkQq Oz"# =h
O^~ D q L<~. 'g`=_ J< XH =x f="# q+} qK~}
^~ P` ^=#O^ ^$_"# P~_` OkOK~. P#_ WOk ^
~OQ L`= =K# <~Oz P`#u Ok<~. h H L`= ^$+
=~# H~H P# O^#, =K# q=i#. J^` "VO Wk
=`~"#kQ OK|_` LO@Ok.

g` =_ XHC _ J<H= Ok =#O_ XH ^ O XH P=O xiOKHx
ZO` ^# K_. J\ HO`H"# `~"` =kx =iOKx JH_#O_
|^~_. KHO ~ # UHO` O` ^ O H~H J_=#, HO_#
OKiOK_. ZO`Q< "`H "`H , q~ _
_. HH=OQ J`x q"H= `
_# i*#O ~k^H#k.
J~~! s~H, =#H =^~H"# D O~= ZO` =^H"#k!
WO^x P H H~H=h z=~ 'O J< X_ K~<!
Jx `z KH`_<_. ''WH <# J~=Q D OK~ "OQO `l#. U^
XHK@ P#} H"# qK~} ~Oa# Jx `K_ P =hO^_. uiy
~ OÒ Q `# ~ *~_. H ^ f~# `~"` P ~<
XHK@ ^=Q =$Q K~=# ~K_. ^#O "<_. ^= "Oz
~#O HiOK_. WOk=H =~ =~ "t# =## ""Q
"#H =~ L=K x~kOz, H=OQ =## W@ OkOK~.

F =#! h= ZO` KOK"#^xq! ZO` xQOz< _... =`~OQK
H@|_K# PQ H}O J~Ò O^K<"!
D < <`= "^# WOk= | =}H" Z<< q+"
=~K<? "\"O @ D =#, |k _ '`Q ^#= Jx |^~ `<~.
He` `#|_K# |OuQ L~ ~ Q _`<~. D =# WOk=
F L=# H~}O G 635
#O_ |O OAO\Ok. WOk=?... =# #O_ |O OAO@<~.

=# Hx =$` # P~Ok. WO` =O^Q nxx WOk=#O_ "#H =~e. Z\?
F WOk=~! =^ `~OQ== Ju KOK=Q =i<~ H^!
P` ^~ #= K \xH q WOH =O ^~@ ^? P`, J P `
WOH ZO`HO OKi~ ? J#~^ H" # q K Ò HOKO PO_! XHi
<# Kk q#O_! q~ K# H~#, "\ ~=#=# Hk ijeOKO_.
q~O` =# ^~= =O\ "~ H^! H#H, q~ [_~= =`". [_
~, [_=`=Q ^$=# P~<~. [`~OQ [O #@
q~ <K ^$= iO*|_K<~. =$Q`$+ [O HO "uH =$Q
=, q~ ^$= " q[$Oa<~. *#~`, î# =~= O^
=$`=K<~. Q_"_ =^" "K#@, q~ ## `#= "
#_OKK<~.
Uq q K=`~O! z^`~_#Q <# H=`_< ==#
<"~K<# H^! =^ q~O^ =~OQ qO*<~?
~A, ~OuQ (`_# Kz = J#H##@Q) J^=Q D
WOk= q[$Oa<~. ''Wq < <`= Jx ZQK#k Z=~? <#
H^! ~H_, ~HQ P` <#. <K ZQ|_K#^x` <Hq
O|OÔ ? ...H#H, q~#C_, #C_ <#<#. q~ U~_#C_, xiH~_<,
xi+_<, ~=`~_<, <#O_<#. q~ U~_#O`=ÒK`, H,
tk"#O`=ÒK` <H 'LxH O@|_Ò^? JÔ!
~_ PHO x*KK L^~Oz Ht LO>, [# `=`= ^#Ok#
H~H== x~iOKO@O\~. P H~H==` ~# Uq O|OÔ
LO@Ok? J\Q, < K`# `H L^=K q~, qq K+ x~i<~.
q K+` <Hq O|OÔ? "\ @ W+=Qx, J~+=Qx Z\ U~_Q=?
K`# ~_<# <# q K~ ^dOK@"q\? dOK@"q\?
F z`=! h= WOk=# "yOz ^Y[H=Q q+=
"tO*<=. J~` K=`~O KK"? P WOk q+=K x*xH h"
"yOK|_K<= =! 'â=#= J< *_=# hO^ HeyO_....
636
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
``=OK` D [Q` WH_, JH_ OKi, J#~=h =@Q@O@<=.
HQ hK^~= " =u i<=. aH_Q H}H}O U^ XH\
Ji< L<=.
''<# K`#_#... <# rqOK"_#... <# `H"# "_#... J# ~O
LO@# hOê "# JÒ` J`"#k. J\ =# q^~=# L^~Oz,
^Y=# HQ *Ok. `^"# LxH h ^. WH K`"O^? h= <
~= H^. ZO^HO>, < ~= Oq` J#" Un ZH_ LO_^. H#H
'z`= J# ~` K|_ h= ^xH< H~"? H"? H, H~ $`, H $`=
=^ LO_ P h ~=? "@"^@ uQ HxOz z=~ K^# Kq
K@"q\? ^M LO_@"q\? ^~xH h ~" ^. =i h
|O^ q` ZH_ #O_ =~ ? \ H xH Z^~Q U ~OQ HyÒ LO> P\ H O
P ~OQ "t#@... h= ^~xH Q}=# PkOz KK<=.
h, P` x# H# K #^? P` H~ $` H $` J#`= U H}
O#
LO_= H^! h= P`" J~ LO> hO^ qH= LO__^? P` `# `<
~" LO_Q, D '"==, Y ^Y= OqOK@" Ô? H#H
hO^ HxOK H~ $`, H $`= q^= =`"!
WC_ XH H < è=Ok. PHO ~aO|O LO>< HO^
h ~uaO|O =Òk. H#H K` # aO|O L#C_ '=# J< uaO|O
U~_Q QÒk. tu= OQ <@O K *#@, Hu OQ ~Q#
H*#@... =# OQ Un K*^. aO|O H^H~<, `~OQ
q<=K uaO|O H^Q^ H^! H#H F =< uaO|=! h= h aO|=Q
P`# P~OK. JC_ ''aO|~_#Q < ~H, H, K=, |`
LO_*= Jx QO HQ^.
XH =#AxK XH == #~H|_O^#H... WC_ ==# #iHO^=~?
=#A_ #iH_? Hu #iHO^? =#Ax WK K`< H^, Hu #iHOk! ` #O_
QO` "tOz<_... `QK#k P =HQx... H~ $Ò ,
` PkOKO H^! z`= _ P`H XH LH~ } O=O\^! z`= K K |_k
P` PkOK=O^Qx... z`=# H~ $Ò PkOK@O ^~^.
H#H F z`=! ~A_Q ~=`K h= k`_" P K#
x~i<=. K# P`" Qx ...hq H=. P` `# H~ $`, H $`, H~}
LH~}^K D [Q`#O` OKO K"Ok. P`Q ~"~_ ~=#
F L=# H~}O G 637
kÒ K < _. =_ # "~ =`" =# z`= H~ $Ò Pk< ~.

P``K [Q` H ` U~_ LO\Ok. ''=# J#|_k Un ^ Jx fH "#
*#=# K@ @=Òk.
<# P`#. ==`=Q z`=#H [#, [~, =~}k H~ Qx... "=
~_#Q < J=h LO_=. JO^K` D z`= H *_=Q [#, [~,
=~}k "#== <# OÔ_^#QH! WO^*O == =Q
qOK|_K# `~}O z`=<k U~_Òk.
q*#=`=Q |=H =H= # K` D [QÒ ` qH= O^Òk.
D qH= z`=k H^. =Ô [" J<H `~OQ=QK#@ |=
H z` H D ^= =#+ *O` PkQQ [QÔQ q[$OaOk.
F z`=! h" Q#H z#_"` h= =~H ^xH~H ^|iOK^#= H^.
` q+Ò^ UH", J<H", ~ "H", ~^ U~_ LO_ P`x ZO^
îOKH`<=? 'h=, <# -J# J JO` i#k PÒ^. WH ^YO
Z=iH? h_ PH~O H#|_K< _, ^xH O`"# LxH #@. P`
J#"#\ ^xH LxH ^.
H#H z`= H=O [_=, J^=, He`=, J== =`".

~= P` J~ LO_Q... ''D s~O <k... D =$^ s~O <k...
D `, H `, `, D Q$, P~= <q J#O@ <# z`= # OOkOK
<#. P! JÔ` =~"# zO`#QH =~q\? D ^" x =" H_
L yOK H_H~ } = =O\^ LO_Q... J\ ^ =` U~_ O|O^ "= "# q
Z\ J=`~?
P` ^" ^. O^\ H=K Z=~< _=|_`~? K "o XH
Q_# Q^? D ^= `Ò|O^=K P` x~kO|_*^. ^dO
|_*^.
K`# =, [_= (P` ^$=) =^ 'z`= J#|_ =_= == U~_@H
g^. P` H ^$=# O|OkOz# J=#" z`=.
H#H WC_ =~"q\?... <# `=*#=# P~OKe. JC_ z`,
[_ ^$ ^$+h Lq~. J\ L=# u H ''H`~ =$u <
J=_ QH!
JC_H z<`~" #==Q +OKQ^.
638
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
''J\ #== H XH<H K=`~" D z`= Jx JC_ J#=O
J=H UO KOk?

W@ ` K K g` ==x JO` ~ O Q = =#=, x ` =#
=Oz<~.

2. ` z`= O"^=
N=+ =i : qO@<" ~=! P qÔQ JO`~OQ =#O =Oz g`==x
Hx QO@ Q_~. W`~ ^$= H O~ =O K` H...
P`x O^ HOz` kf "Ô _KOk. P kf"#^ z`= H^! JC_
P`x JO`~OQO HO` "^= _K~. J\ H="q\ q=i#.
q#-
g`=x z`=: q`=! g`"! ''z`= K`< P`# îOKQO Jx `
K@O q<= H^!
g`=_ : J=#... q<#.
z`= : ''Jx LH~}= H z`" (=#) Qk ...Jx _ =K
K|_Ok H^!
g`=_ : J=#. J\ _ K|_Ok.
z`= : =i h= ... ''z`=##^ ^ ...Jx < LxH< YO_<"?
g`=_ : F... J^ h "^#! XH_ `# =Y=# KKH=\xH JÔ
Ly_ KK"! JO`=Ò K` ^~}O K`# r= =x`=?
P` ~_#Q <# < ~=# U=~z J*#^# P~OKHx
L#C_... < ~=# < Q~K\xH =K, `K, Q~=K
'z`= J#|_ h= HeOK|_K<=. hHH `H"# ... P` "~#... LxH
L#^x "i LÔ H^=!
`` = (h= Jk J~ L<=...) J< "H~ kH~ t+_x `~
K \xH ''Wk ^$=, Wk H#, Wk O|O^= , Wk z`= ... "^# "@" ^\
~= h K@ He<~. JO`=Ò K` hH P` J#"# LxH
JOwHi#@ H^. P`H`~"# `~"`, WH h `Qx, LxHQx LO_^.
F L=# H~}O G 639
=^ =~ ~q+OQ =`" H#|_, q+O ~_ J=Q< h= P *#O O

J=`=.
F z`=! OKOk Ly# r=_ U =K~O` "\x Ly
<_... P =K~" h ~O. ~=K~= =O^# P`~O QOK
|_KO_Q... WH h K@ H#|_^. J#Q K`#H= H XH<H ^$H^"
h ~O H^! K`# H=# Ziy# `~"` WH hHO ` LO@Ok? h=
^xK... ^x =# U~_K<"... Jk Ziy# `~"` WH h QiOz `~# ~#
Z=iH H"e?
H|\ <O! F z`=! h= ^xH H~H^. JO^K` ^xH ^Y A_= H=^.
''D`_ < "_... Wq <q Jx H = P~OK=^. [_=Q h= [_=Q"\x
P~ [_OQ< LO_`=. J\HO_, h Lù #"# K`#=# P~
K`#=Q ~k^HQ=. h x=_Q D~xH D [Q`#O^ K|_#
K|_=K# K|_O_# ^x`# Uq O|OÔ LO_^. h= _
J\ JO|O^=# P~OK.
z`= : <# "= ~_<. XCO\#. J~` ## L yOz L`= r=
P`*#O Ok<~ H#H. ''<# P` LHi< Jx ZO^ J#H~^?
g`=_ : h= P` LH~O KO`"_"? H~ H~} O`=#O^ U~_
Ja=#=K h= JC_C _ ''<# P` LH~O K < # ...J< Oux O^K
<=. OK}=, =<|^ , Ô k=... Jh *_ H^! WH WOkK
U~_ Q, Q=K P` XiQ #`# [#"=#k?
z`= : J^q\? D~# Q#=O OkOK@ O^ <# =iOKK<#x
ZO^H#H_^?
g`=_ : J\Q? D~_ x``$_ H^! P# Q#=O H~ h=
|^~@"q\?
qH H_, ~", UH~_ JQ z^` D [QÒ`
~~=Q "Oz L<_. "xH J#=Q U H< LO_^. UH=, J<H=
_ HtO* K#\ P` `# O^ D [Q` # H_q<ÔQ ~zOKH#K#k.
== ^xO^ kOKKO_Q... WH ^xH J"#^q LO@Ok? P`_ XH
^xx WKyOK@"q\? P WK# h= <~"~@"q\?
@~} ~[=~O ~Ô ZHÒ> XH =~=# =#^qH~O
[xOz#@... ~= D~~"# D OK=# K#C_ h WK, H
[x<~.
640
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
z`= : ~#! h =@ XCO@<#. J~` P`` O|OÔ Hey <#
W\Q LO\#. ## u~iOK@O ^xH?
g`=_ : Jk _ iH^...^~^. ZH_< O OK@C_ +O
qye LO@O^? +=, P += H O HH# LO_@O Z Ô?
h= P` H# LO_@=<k JQ"#^.
''XH ~O_\ H O|OÔ.... JO> Uq\?
1. XH^x H H` ~O_=^x H H=@O. H,
2. XH^x #O_ ~O_=k Pq~=O O^@O. H,
3. ~O_\ H UHÒ. H,
4. O|OÔ U~_H =O^ P ~O_ "~ "~Q LO_. WC_ UH=Q@
O^_` LO_e.
D <Q H z`=# P` k~q H=.
z`= : H~==~O ^$ < P` O|OÔ H#|_Òk H^?
g`=_ : Z\ ^~Òk? P` ~^ Ouu Hey#\ x+ K` # =.
h"" Ouu x [_==. =~H^xK xqOK|_`Qh, h= ^xh
x~iOK=.
P` xiH~=... O==... P#O^~=...!
h"" Y^Y i`=... H#Y=... LH~}=`=...!
q WîH UHH~Ò Z\ Q@O?
z`= : h... h~ "~ "~#" _ H#@, <# P` "~ "~ LO_
H<=x J#H=K H^?
g`=_ : hP`, h~ = J~O|OÔ ^~^. q Wîg q~^
O|O^=h WO` =O^ J#<O H^!
z`= : H`... Jy [= = = Wîg q~^ O|O^=x J#O^=?
g`=_ : Jy [= = XH^xK =~H\ #tO*|_@O h, P`
U~_@O ^. H#H P L=#O _ ^~^.
F z`=! h= Oq` (P`) H K" H^! D OKO P ^~
XH Q}= Hey#C_ He LO\~. q~^Q}= Hey#C_ q_`~.
h= P`< P~OK. P`#O_ Ku O^#C_ h= _ P`" J=`=.
z`= : < ^$^~= LxH HxOk H^!
F L=# H~}O G 641
g`=_ : JO`~^$+ *#OK ^$ ^~=O` x^ JQK#k. ^$O ~`"`

^Y~`=Q P` +Ok. J\ P`K O`+O^. x~O`~ ^#=K =k
x+_".. P`î" LO_.
z`= : <# _ Y= H~H ^$=#O^ "`K<#.
g`=_ : ... H^? h= H#H [_=`=Q ^WOk^$= O^
'OH= J# ~*Q}=# P~OK@K 'Ku O^@O ~OaOK"... WH
Jk h, < _ ^Y^" HQ^. q`=! z`=! D q+O =#O
=~=_^.
z`= : H~ $`=O` P`^#x JO@<=H^! WH < kOK@"O^? h=
K^KH#k P``< q#qOKH!...
g`=_ : OH qH= K@ LO_#\, ''H# J< ô U~_*#\
PÒ^ H~ $Ò Oq O ^? ''PH=# H K` LO\~ Jx Z=~<
JO>, ^xH J~"=< L#^? J\Q P` H~ $Ò OqOK^. J~`... P`
`#O^ UH~=Q#, J<H ~=Q# OqOk.
z`= : J^\ O=O?
g`=_ : hHH z# ^$OÒ K`#. h~ |_QQ, `~OQ=Q, #~QQ,
P=~=Q, _Q OqOk. ''|_Q QO_OQ L#k. H#H, [O QO_OQ
LO@Ok... Jx Z=~< JO> =#O XCO\=? P=~=#H, H `~OQxH H
|^^=#H PH~O LO_=K. [xH PH~O L#^? ^. H#H... P` P`
O^ P =ÒQ [Q^" "K#k. [O =^ =O_K# Q
LO_*^. P` O^ ~O_= H# Ô H^.
z`= : 'P` H H# z`= Jx J#=K<"?
g`=_ : P`^=_ H<~`_. WH =#.... [_"#k.
z`= : WH P` =# =^Q ''Wk "~... Jk "~. Wk =, Jk
J=... J< H# ZH_O@Ok?
g`=_ : LO_^. ''H# K =# ^ ...Jx J#O@#C_. WH H#
ZH_O@Ok?... H|\ D == q+=i`", x`x~"#\ K`#"
J=ÒkQx... =iOHq H^.
WH_ H# ^.... |O^=^. P` Oq` =`" ~^ Jx "
"Oz#k.
642
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
z`= : J~` '<# "~ Wk "~ J< H# ZH_O@Ok? ZH_ #O_ =Ok?
g`=_ : ZH_ LO_*^. J<k, ~~`", ~"H"#\ PÒ^
'< # h= " ^ # q Z=~ P~ O K Q ~ ? PH O Z= ~ < JH ~
"QQ`~? H#H, <O! z`=! h= P`^$+x J=~KH.
P` x`^ "# \k . ~ == ~ `" # k. Jk kh "Oz i~
"#~K#k. J\ P`# ` H= Q Q OK#O`HO q^~=Q =$Q `$[O
Q 'z`= [Q` "^#q J#=O HQ=.
P`# =#O QOz<=.... ^M=x LqOz`~. H#H, F z`=!
h= Y ^Y Oux, "H= O^< OK#=# =ê@.
=#K |Ô H=@O... z`=K x~kOK|_@O... W=h OuQh
^~OH^. `~=Q P` XH> "=O.

JO` qx g`=x zÒ HO` ^@_Ok. O`` OkOk.

3. g`=_ WOk= O"Ô

N=+ =i : n~_, =x +_ JQ P g`=_ `# z`=# UHOÒ
kOz O`~K~. JC_ P`x WOk= HO` =O `~"` HO`
HOK@O ~OaOK~. "\x _ W@ OkOK~.

g`=x WOk= : F =h! D r=x LxHH =` ZO`L#k. H#

x"_ K__. K= x"_ q#_. WOk H` [Q` LO_^. [Q`
H` r=_ LO__. H#H D r=_ = =#< =#QQK<_.
g`=_ : F WOk=~! Jq^H~}OQ P` "~Q q H '`
J#==Òk. q~ q q+=# P~#O` HO < ^Y ~O~
=z_K<~. HH"} =$`= Jx"~" H^! q=# Q_Q LyOz
#O^ [#OQ D r=# Z< #~H= =z_K<~.
JO^K` q~ ''"= P` HO> "~# '` Q "~=... J< q^"^##
H =ê@O_. <# WO`HÒ z`=` [i# O"^=# q~ _ q<~
H^! *#=O K`< P`Ô aOk.
F L=# H~}O G 643
WOk= : "=O` ZH_#O_ Lù JO?

g`=_ : =#O x[O KCH"O> q Lù J*#=O K`< U~_Òk.
J*#O H~Oz#C_ q '` LO_^. J#Q q~ `Q x"~, LH~}
=` LO_Q~.
WOk= : = =# r=xH O`+O HQÒk H^! J\Q r=x =# =
O`+O HQÒk?...
g`=_ : q~ HOK U~_, HOK |#, HOK #tOKK<~ H^!
JO^K`... W~" ÔK|_ JyQ qH ~HH r=# "="#
YO HeyOK@ ^ K_O_!
q~ LO@#O` HO 'O` r= J< `~OQ` _# D O~ #n
[O HQ~OH x~O`~O 'L~, ~Q Z`` "tOk. q =#<
~ ~OH~O L`#=Òk. e `" q\? ~Q=, ^+=, H
=, =^, ~[O,
zO` - "^# J q#|_K<~. WH ^Y ~O~ =~^~ QiOz K
#=~" ^. ''"==, $^"^#, O^K, P^K U~_ ^Y
qQ J< ^~~"#h P HQ~ [OOz #" i<~.
q=# îOz J@ W@ OKiOK D ^= H Q`# KO>
WOH *e "Ok. J<H =<O`~`"# K zO` q =^ u~Q_K<~.
= q H} H}=xO_ xO_ LO\Ok.
WOH=#k....? =#K@ =^=k L`=Q}= K@ ^~Ò^?
XH ", HOKO =O U~_< _ 'L^QO =z, ^xx `_z\ Òk.
WOk= : = =# r=xH H ==~= ^=`<~ H^?
g` =_ : x[". Hh, q=# îxQ~ K H< r= $^ ^~ <
$^=O` qi<~. '="O J< pH\ 'J*# =K~= J<
Q_Q| H~ K, x" H@Hx LO@<~.
F WOk=~! q =# r=# =z_`<O\~? P,
ZO`=@? q è@ ^ U"? q~ =z K~@O K` H#x J#~
_ =z_K<~. q=# J_O@x K== J<H H~=
q[$Oa<~. q~ Q#H i^ LO> q"H=, L`=Q}= ZH_ K@
=@Q ^Hx LO_"? "=< =OK W\ ~ LO_^? '~*Q}= J<
ô` $Ô H|_ LO_^? D qH= HeyOK qH == <
644
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
^_ K"? q~ =Oz q` LO>, $Ô `k`~@ '"u [xOz,
P`#==# q`Q J^! D qÔQ zO`~O~ ## L^Q ~K"?
J! WÔ` q =O H^?
WOk= : = =OQ = O`^~Q r=xH J#~= HQ\xH H~}O
P`_ J*#=K ==# J*# q+"Q qxyOK@" H^!
g`=_ : J=#. XCO@<#. "= qOKQ... PHO ~x
"Q @=Q#@, $Ôx J*#O `y` JO` H~}O *# HO
`H=Òk. JC_ $Ô #", q", QOc~", H=i`" O``
O^Q^. "+=K ~lÒ Hx $Ô ^#O`@ J^ LqOKQ^.
J=$`~~# x`##=# K I
` ~+}# j`# t< ^ II ( 22, ~ 83)
JC_... =#A_ P`#O^=K x`#O^=_ i~_ j` KO^x
= q~lQ_! H#H.... J*#O #tOKe.
F WOk=~! *#=~#H q~ <K KHQ xyOK|_# "~
`= L H~}=^~QH!
WOk= : J*#=K qxyOK|_K#C_ "= r=# =iO` J*#=#
=@H@Hx `<O. ~! J*# <#=#H = H `, [#=,
=Y= Z\k?
g`=_ : K Qk. =#O He L# 'rq`= J#|_ D Hk =O
kxQ~KHx =# D H~H# Ô KH<^=QH!
J*#O #t, JO`H~}O 'P`H~=$u +=Òk. JC_ D K~K~
^$ OK=O` =@=" nx #O 'Oq` K`#= =`" =#
J#==Òk. `èÒQ P#O^=K i""# P`H ~ ~=
J#`=Òk. J\ J#=O, J=Q#, P*=# |OkOK|_, H=O ^
OQ WOkOQ KiOK "iH aOK^. q H~O` Ò_ *#O
=$Ô HQ^. q=# =iOK#^ JO^ H^! *<yK ''[~ (=e
`#O), [# "^#q `~|_ O~=~O OH~OKQ^. *#O L#K@ `+,
+, HOu "^#q =z K~`~. q"H J~#"_ Jq"H=# _O_ O$u
(O~O) O^ zHO_ P` O^ qOu O^` LO\_. H#H F
WOk=~! q~ z`KOK=K i` HHO_.
F L=# H~}O G 645
^$= @ =#O =Oz LO_O_. P` Q"#x"Q ^$+x, `=#

iOKO_. JC_ P`H~=$uK U~_ [#=h =# HQ`~. O`
^H=Q Q}O^ =z _`~.
WOk= : Hh- WH_ Ja~ K, Jq <~" i #C_ O`+O U~_K<~ H^?
g`=_ : 'PtOK@ J# z`=H =$uK` Ja~K U~_K<~. P
J_Q_ \#C_ =`" L`= Q}O^ K@ ^~Òk. J~`, U^<
PtOK@C_ ^x Q}^+=#, `^#O`~ ^+==# KHQ ijeOK@"
q[` H^? ''P` H `, ^$O H i}= D ~O_\ Uk #
HQ*O^... ^x< Z#H"e. JO`Qx, Uk ", ^xx H^. < =Ò
J==Q D OKOx =*#=O, D ` q+` @ U~_ P"^#
H< 'P` ` Y^H=# JaO HQÒk. ^x J~`... Z\ J#
^~= '` LO_^... J\ P`< =#O P~Ô. L`= Y=Q P` =#
Z^~Q< LO_Q... =#O ZH_H_ U^^ PtOz ZO^ "Ò@ "e? ''<
O^ `", ^" L#\ P` =# ~O Jx Ziy P L
O^` He LOÔ. JC_ K`#" =# ~O J=Òk. z`KOK=#
u~iÔ. JO`Qx, J^=# =#O PtOK=^. qOK=^.
F WOk=~! =#O ^~= =K< q<O. "^ "ÔQ
JOu=~OQ uk#^q\ Q=xOKO. "\ ~"q\? J~O Uq\?
''^$= i`lOK|_QH. i^= JYO_= Jkf= JQ P`
=#K =##= K|_ QH! Jx H^!
q`~! WOk=~! D < x~=# q~ t~=OK^~QH!
WOk= : F g`"! h= KC=~O "= rqOz LO_""?
g`=_ : ''"= r=#= yOK"~=... H D r=x rqO*"~=
J< q^ Q K##, Y Oux q~ =ê@O_. q~ < H ^# ==
=`". ^# #O` =Ò K` ^_ ^= O_ `? Jk
J@O_Q... q J`= < "~#q H=. =q< (<# O_) q JÒ
J<k Ou =`". J\ Ou D =# qK~}K iQ `yQ^.
qHO@ U ~O ^. =#^. H~H=O ^. q=# Ly#
< =< q 'LxH J< Q~=O HQÒk. qHO@ U^< ~O J#= =Ò>,
JÔ` P` H JqK~} e`" J~L#k. qK~}K q ~O _
"+= ~`=Q <`=Q< èÒk. "`~ H=@" pH\ J~#@...
646
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
qK~} H=@K`< 1. q~ 2. q =# q+=... J#==`<~.
H=K JO^H~O `Q#@ =QqK~}K q~ `Q x"~ JQK<~.
WOk= : WO`HO h= =< P^~_ rqOK"?
g`=_ : WO`HO <# Jq"H=# =`" Hey L<#. OH =ÒK
T Ô L^==Q#@, Jq"HOK q~O` H$u Ok z=iH ^Y
H~QK<~. $+H~#Q <H 'PÔ` OH= K OHHO< q~
OH~OKQ~...H JkQqOK|_Q~.
W^h=kÒ xÒ Q HO Q` I
q"H ^# q"H #"# II ( 36, ~ 83)
q"HÔK ~ Jq^ #tOz q O^, < O^, D ^$= #O^
P` ~" L^~OKQ^. J\ q"H=# W^ #=~O.
F WOk=~! q~ |^= Ok` ~"~ ~" O^`~.
z``= #tOz` ~"~`= HtOk. W`~O_ q ~O ~"~
H". WC_ ^$=# JkQqOz, P`==# P~OK@ LHiOK@K
~= q``<~. nO "ey# `~"` pH\ Q q ^+= `y`
<~. x^ z#"_ =_=#O_ |^_QK#@, *# q*# =OK
qO^ ~" ~` O HtO k. U^` q"O@ Jq"H= K [xOzO^ Jk q"H= K
#tOk... H=K z=pH\ #t#@...!
'P` qK~} LO> K, q~ H~<_ q Y kaOk. JO^K`
Ô`K 'WOk= WOk q+= P` J#OQ =
Jx <K =~ =~ x~~O|_QH!
F WOk=~! WC_ q~ O~=# ^\" # "~ ~. q~ ~O
P`HO> J#OQ LO_ LO_^. WC_ J#OQ ~. WH=O^ J#OQ LO_~.
q = Q QH! q~" q\ Ziy# `~ "` <xC_ ^Y~ `_#QK<#.
~`$_#, O`_# JQK<#. ''Ò^ u Hey O_@ J<
`s^=#O^ qOu O^K<#. z`=#, WOk= u ^.
P` XH> J=O H^! P P` <#. ^xH J#OQ ZK\ Un ^. ^
~_< << ~^ JO`\, Jx\ "K<#.
^ z^=Q PÒ^ ''D P` <#. Jk <# H^ J< H# _
LO_^. WH =iOH H# J LO_=x "~ K?
F L=# H~}O G 647
UH", Jkf"#\ P` O^ 'P` "~Q Un ^ J< H#=Ò

Z\ O=O?
JO^K` 'P`# <# J< H#_ W\H C _ `l< #. U=~H zO`#
K\=O_ [ `~OQ= Jq<=OQ =#O =Oz LO@<#.
"<~`_<, }OK~=# O|OkOKx"_<, ~^+ qx~_<
LO_^#QH! 'z^= J# uaOO x"_<, =Q JYO_=,
J"= JQ P`< LO\#. `\HOx [O#, O_x [O#,
=^[O# uaOaOK ~ uaO|= ~x` UO O|O^=#k?
Jx\# Ht# \H P H=H H~ $`= x"_#. PHO HtOK
~xQ O H_#. Jx L^x *#`` =#, z^`~_#.
=#+, WOkK+ O|OkOKx "_#Q <# WC_ =#=#,
qOux O^K<#.

4. =<[Q`
N=+ =i : F ~=KO^! P g`=_ qO^~` OÒx `# ~
M#_ =kO^ x_~. ~ s~H, =#H K+ `lOK~.
O^~=Q P`#O^"H> W\ P`x J#=O. =^[O `~OQÒ `l P
[O Z\ xOQ LO@O^ P`x =# P suQ J~Ok. H>h He~#
`~"` Jy LqOz#@, P`x Ô }OK~O L_y~Ok. <`=
OK#O `lOz J~xqe` =~. P H# qQ` J~QO iQ
JO`~Y=~. <QO L`[" T~u OkOk. t~, s~=, HO~=
=OQ u O^~. P`_ XH HO_ =K|_# tOQ H#@Q_.
J\ =#O`H~ `Ku~ `... P#Oû LO_Q 300 O=`~
Q_z~. JO`n~HO P`xH J~=~OQ Q_z~Ok.
P`_ `# r=#H |O K` *x, ^x J~. JO`HO P`_ =k #O_
=< ^, ^=# `lOK^. JO`\ n~HO P ~ |@ U~_ "
Q~# Qh, qOx =O`~A "@ H Qx, H` HKHK,
U#Q OH~, O= <^Qx, _Q, HO=K U~_#
t` , ^"y z@@Qx P`x =kH qÒ HeOKH~.
P =O HO H=O ÒÒQ, x~}OQ, =#OQ Q_z~Ok.
648
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
[`~OQ Q J<H =~, "q H =K~...~. h J<H~
~ "tOK~. HkHO< P g`=x uH Ô |~^ ~
~Ok. J~< P`xH U=Ò =^Qx, P`x =k uH qÒQx HQ^.
P`x @ 300 O=`~ Hk H}Q QuOz~. P `~"` P`x
P`= OQ =k #O_ "H<~.
N~=_ : q! P g` =x ^ O 300 =O^ O=`~ q ~~<,
Jk K_O_ Z\ L#k? } Z\ xeK~?
N=+ =i : q ~~#C_ P`x ^=# ~HOzOk K`#=Qx,
}= H^. ZO^HO> =kx HiOz# =~H}O P`x Ô }=
`= OK#= #O_ LqOz Jq H;Ò O^~.
N~=_ : 300 O=`~= =~ s~=#O^ iOKO_ H;Ò Ok#
P`x }= =~ ZO^ L`[O Ok #~} LHqOK~?
N=+ =i : P`x $^ O`~O QO ZH_ XH = WOH ~|O +O z#k.
J#Q H~ H~}= O|OkOz# Ô|O^ H~ $` O~O ZH_ ~=O`
qye#k. JO^H P`x K` # O |OQ $^ O Pq~q OzOk. =<~O
îOzOk. J~< _, P`_ qK~}K r=#`= J=îOK_ H^! H#H
P`x $^= x~Ò Hey L#k. =k q`xH HO` =O^Q P`x
=# P ~ #O_ |_eOk.

qO^~` OÒ O`=^# J=î< P# `# `=#`
== "Q |^~_. JH_ Q H~Ò qOK_. P ~Ò
^Q~Q LO_ XH HÔ|=$HO (H_q K@) HO^ Q@=O\ Z` Ô ~x
^# zÒ` Hk O=`~= Q__. =~ JH_ #O_ |î P OÒ<
q^^~Ò HiOz OKiOK_. P =O ^=`K P~kO|_` WO^Ò
J=îOz S^ Q= HO Q_"_.
N~=_ : =s! P`_ H ~ ÒÒ OKi LO_@O, WO^` O` ^=`K
P~kO|_K S^ Q= HO Q_@O - W=h P`xH Z@ `~_~?
P`x uH Ô qO^~` OÒ< LO_~OkQ? P`_ =#` H^,
~ #O_ |_eOk?
N=+ =i : J=h P`_ `# $^ Ô< O^_. J#qOK_.
Ô =Ò qO^~` P=O< 300 O=`~ L#k.
F L=# H~}O G 649
N~=_ : P q ^=# JHO, J=Q P`x $^Ô

Z\ J#qOK~? WÔ` [iy#^x q~ KCK#C_ ^H= H
'Jx== U~_K#@ JxO^? P`x @ D ^ H XHC _ x==,
=~HC_ Jx== U~_Ò^ Uq\?
N=+ =i : XHC_ H ~~`" LO@Ok. =~HC_ ~H"
LO\Ok. Jk ZH_ U ~O L^~ P suQ J#==Òk. J\Q K`#=
_! Jk ZH_ U ~OQ OH~HOQ Pq~q JH_ P ~OQ< J#=O
HQ^. K`#= `# ==# J#iOz jOQ P ~= O^Ò^x
QOK. WH 'x=O q+O JO\"? K`#=OK |kO^ ZC_ ZK@
x=O (H) Z\ J#=O HiOK|_Ò^... JC_ JK@ `^#"#
x=" Lk`=` LO@Ok.
XH - D ^ H x= H==h ""xH ZH_ L<~?
N~=_ : J=#... ZH_<~?
N=+ =i : W=h |k==Q z^Ò^ J^" L<~. JO`Qx ^
H ==~=h |@ ZH_ =.
K` # = ~~ ÒQ Z~Q|_#C_... J\ K` # =#O^ J ^H =
Qx, "\ q ^ H=Qx OqOK=.
Hh... K`#= ~ÒQ Z~Q|_#C_ ^H= J#`
Oq~. K`#= H |k~H"# J#==# J#iOz J^H=
ik q ^H= J#=O OqOK=K. ^, q ^ H ik
J^H= J#=O OK=K.
D H~}O K` "<~Ò q[~HOQ kOz#\H P g`=_
HOz` ~| O~+O K` `# $^"# 'z^H=#O^ qq^ [Q`,
WO^Ò, ^=`K [ QOK@O [iyOk.
N~=_ : *# _ "# LO\? LO>, P "#, D O~r=
"# ^""< LO@O^?
N=+=i : ^ O LO@Ok. QQ "~Oz# q`# O |@ K_\xH ==
q`#OQ< LO@Ok. Hh, # 'JOiOK@ =< =O Hey LO_^ H^!
*# +Oz LO_ "# '`^#O`~ [#= i}== Hey LO_=.
"i P H~H== "iO^ WK, Ja+, Jax"= HeyOK=. OiH
650
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
r=_ u H~K` J^x [#= " `~eOK|_K<_. x`x` q"HQ
*xx H~ `HH`<~.
WH =#O g`=x `^#O`~ =$ÒÒH =Ô. J@ `~"` P g`=_
uHA__. J<H qÔ^ x}__. XH H= HO x~ *#O`
=~Q}=# <HÒ =OK_. Z=_ Z\ O~O Hey LO\_...
P`_ J> D ^$ q+= O^` LO\_x J#H<O H^! ~|H~ H
^$_ O~O r=#_ # "x O^ _ Pq~q LO@Ok. JO^K`< g` =_
=#O KCH< J#"h O^@O [~QÒk.
N~=_ : =`! O^~z`=#x t<#. r=#x O^ _
|O^"H= ^$+ LO@O^?
N=+ =i : ''XH r=_ D ^$=# U ^$+` K<_...? J# ^xx |\
Q^, |O^"H= LO_q! JOîH `H"O_ D [Q` JO`_ r=#x
^$+ O^ O`", x~" O`H^$", H=O |", J~ LO\Ok.
WH "iH 'Wk WO`=~ |OÔ, WH_ #O_ Wk "HO J< J O=# LO_^.
~#QÒQ, H, O~#QÒQ Uk Z@ Oz< _... H, OK<
_ "~ ^x \ JO`~ x~O`~= J#kOK~. Hey LO_~.
r=#H`= ''1. ^$+H, 2. J=Q#, 3. q`=Q@ O|OkOz#k.
JO`Qx Jk H~O^ #\xH, #H =\xH O|OkOz#k H^.
=~ K`<#...
Oq^=Q z^H= ZK@ U qÔQ =< ~HOQ O^
JK@ P qÔQ< JO`\ "Ok#^ LO\Ok.
U J#== ~H, H K#\H g`=_ =Ò ~^#O
(^) g_@O ^. ''<# JYO_=, J"=, x~}= JQ |=< J<
u +"# x=# Hey LO_@K... `k`~OQ `~_Ô` P`xH
ÒQ< JxOk. P` == #O_ U=Ò Ku OÔ_< P`_ J<H
[Q`# H_ =ÒQ J#qOK_....!
N~=_ : g`=x [Q^#== =# `~_K# [Q^#== =O\^<?
P`x |O_#==, =# [Q^~#=# U^< ^=O@O^?
N=+ =i : g`=x $^=#Oê K`#= <=O\ h=O\ ~r=
=O\ $^ K` # ". J~` P`` UH =O Ok#"xH `k`~ r=Oî J#= O
F L=# H~}O G 651
`#^ HQ^. F ~=! JOî ^$#=O =O\^ P`xk _! Z\p, P#

J=O K` P``` =# Ziy L<~.
P#H J#==QK# |O_= JOMH=, ~~`=
L<~. u^$+K JÒ` q= L<~. P`xH J=h O HeÒQ<
J#==QK<~. J\ He` |O_=#O^ XH =O '<# WO^_#
J# J#=O P# O^~. WOHH =O WOHH |^=x HO "tOz
Q}u J~, H=# LO_"~. J=h _ =#H"#" =! J~` uH
J#== =#H#== x`x` q"H ^$+ Ô ^.
J*#^$+ H"xH, ''<K îOK|_K# D |O_=, D ^$~O~
< Z^~Q =~=~ HeOz K < ~ J< OHe`= H#Q`<LO@Ok.
J*# r= }= _ W\". J~` "~ [#... "\ #O_
"#... P "# #O_ [#... W\ ~O~Q Q` LO\Ok. r=#x
q+O J\ LO_@ ^. P`x@ OH= |kH Jn#" LO@<~.
JO^ H~}O, ''<# P`~_# H^!... J# J=Q#!
N~=_ : g`=x [Q`h =#H"#C_, Jq =# WO^_ J=@O
"^# ~Q O<? Jq "#"`... P`_ q^^~_, WO^_
"^# L^ P~OK_?
N=+ =i : P`x J#"h =#H"#". J~< P`x qq^ =<~}
(q^^~_ WO^_ Q}u "^# J#") `k`~ O|Ok` r=
K`# OK~. J\ qq^#== `~}O '<# g`=_# J# Z~H#
=^^. J~` P`x ^$+ JÒ` q`" LO_@K ''<# ^^ O|OkOKx
P` `# J# ^$+x P# =Oz L<~.

=# H#|_ D K`# $+_ =# Ou, =`" P g`=xH
Oz#> Ok. =#K K_|_K# D [Q` =# ==O\^ J~<,
WH_ =# `k`~ K`# r= `~_K<~. *# ^$+ ^$__` <#, <
`~_ D K`#r= JO` P` - J# J#=O +_ LO@<,
`k`~=O` ^suQ LO_Q^.
^$+, OiH ^$+ - D ~O_\ K=`~=# h= QOK. WH_ h
`~_ Ò_, Q~=, a, ^~, J^ [ JO` P`#=O
^$ Ou =`". J#Q JÔ` =# H He` = =`". J>
652
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
g`=x q+O _ [~QÒk. J~` P`x [Q` nxH ^$"#k (D
[Q` XH<H K@) H^. J~`, D [Q` P`x [Q` ... ~O_ x". H=O
|" WH_, JH_ _ O^x =Ò QOK.

` q+` =~=# H=Oê, UU r=xH< ~... ^$=#=
'[Q` J#|_Ô` =<="#^Qx =iOHq H^. ZO`=~ nx "=~O
Z~Q|_^... ZO`=~ =[OQ, O[~OQ "#=iq`" LO\O^...
JO`=~ z^H= Z~Q|_H LO\Ok.
J*<## U"^ qÒ Oq[$=` I
`qO [==x^x= II ( 43, ~ 85)
=Ô [O `~OQ~O qiOk KK"? =<=[Q` _
PÒ^ 'Lù=$kH= ~O qiOk.
N~=_ : D =<=[Q`# Z=~ He<~?
N=+ =i : Z=~ HeOK@O ^. xiH~" x~H~", z^H=" L#
|" =Q, =K `#H HOz` Ô =<= [Q` ~OQ
K+`=QK#k. J#Q, `## `< z`= ~=# HeOKH#K#k. J\ z`=
H =##H =<~O O^Òk. P =#K `#O^ D q [Q`#
HeOKH#K#k. =# D ^$=O` JO`s# OQ "Oz#k. Hh ^~x H
|= HO> a#OQ Wk ^xK` "OK|_LO_^.
J#Q ~=! =~H suQ KO>... h Uk [Q` HxO^... JÔ`
h= h H =K J@ xiOKHx J#q<=. h ~q~=< [Q`Q
QOKK<=.
P` ^$+x QOz#C_ h= D < "H ~O Q=. ur=x H
^$[Q` K=`~=O` W\^! g`=_ P`^$+x QOz, `k`~ [Q`#
QOKK<_.

5. uH ^ #~O
N~=_ : =s! g`==x WO^Ò, Q}uÒ "^#=h O^~x
K~ H^! J=h `# uH Ô`< O^~?
F L=# H~}O G 653
N=+ =i : ^... J=h =#`< O^~. J~`, P`x =<Ô uH^

^$k H#O` =#=< QOK@O [iyOk.
N~=_ : P`x uHÔ qO^~` OÒ P=O< LO_~Ok H^!
N=+ =i : J=#. JH_ =\< ~~ L#k.
N~=_ : J~` P# =~ P J#" `~"` P s~O "tOK~?
Z\ "tOK~?
N=+ =i : P K=`~ "#"q\ K`#, q#-
''D ~[Q` |" Jx =iHO` x~~OK# `~"` P g`=x
=# `# `# J#O`` ~OQ ~k^#k. ~#~O P s~=#
JH_ ~ LOKHx q^^~Ò, WO^Ò, Q}uÒ OkOk.
XH =O P g`=_ ~"~x Q}<_ L<~x J#<O
H^! P =O XH ~A P H~==~= x~iOz# `~"` HOx
XH UHO` Ô ~x P`^#O KQ_. P =O HO` `#
W`~O Ok# J<H ^~O~ QiOz K=`~~HOQ #~}
KQ_. #tOz#q WOH #tOKxq J~# J<H ^ iHOK_. J\ #tOKx
^= qO^~` OÒ uHu q H@HO `~ L#
g`= <=^= Q uH Ô k=^$+K Q=xOK_.
P Ô =~H "OK H@|_ HO` ^~OÒx XH H=
qOx =\ Q ZH_ ~~ L#k. g "#H Q=O` |~^`
H|_ L#k. s~=O` h\ P` H|_ L#k. # h\ "H "z
L<~. xH JH_H =iHh\ QO@ =`" H#|_Òk Qx, =\ r=K
L# ^=#^x Z=iH U=Ò JxOK J=H" ^.
`# JOpH$` Q}u H;s~O` WÔ` îOz# P =xH uiy P s~O
"tOKx Ja+ U~_Ok. W@ `# zOK_.
g`=_ : WC_ D JOpH$` H;s~=` ~^ Q}=# <_< Wx
Q WH_ LO_#. WC_ <# g`= <=^"# s~O
"t OKe. J~` P ^ = H ~OQ uHOQ 300 O=`~ }OK~O
H =@OK a]Q aQnx L<~. JO^ }OK#O LîOK@"\?
D q+ O `# ~^Q} O XH q`_, ~* x J~# XH K~ x qOz
KiOKQ_.

654
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
g`=_ : q`=! <# =~ tk" qO^ ~` OÒx XH Ô
|~^ ZH_ JO`~Q= x[OQ _ L# g`=uH Ô "tOKx
J#O@<#. < H HOz` ^K < }H J~}~OQ P Ô
WOH U~_ L#k. P ^=# L`[ ~K@"\?
~^Q} K~_ : `_! q~ P ^=O^ K L# L`=*#
=~#K JÒ` x~`=<~x JO^~ J#O@<~ H^! =~ q
P ^bK =K [#"=#k?
g`=_ : x["! < P ^= QOK@ K`Qx, `lOK@ K`Qx H`^#
[#"q^. J~` ^Q}= Z\^... ^`[= J\^ H^! HO`HO
HÒ <# P s~O }=# OaO*, =< ^=` |_e Q}uÒ
=O\ P ~|x=H"# q^# x~iOK#. }= O# ~OQ P
g`= Ô WOH# xz L<~. H#H P ^= ~=} ~O OÔ`
=~ P ^= îOz P ^= H q<#=` > <# q^=_<`#.
`^=# O^` xiOQ Oux O^`#.
~^Q} K~_ : =Ozk. g Ja=`#~O J> JQ QH! P ^=x }
Hx uiy L`[~K@O q~ Ziy L#^! J~<, J_Q~ H^... KCK<#.
~=O_Ox ~Q}<_Q OQ x P~OKO_. P`_ ^ = }HH
Jku. q~ Hi` P# `H Hi~. ^~}O uaO|O "tOz#@
q~ ~=O_O "tOKO_. q H~k HQ^.

JOpH$`=Q Q}u ~_# g`=_ JC_ P K~xH H$`[`
K = f<~. Hequux J=HOQ H;"#\ `# eOQ^=`
~=O_=H q+_~.
JC_ =##j_, L^~|k Q ~Q"#_ `# $Ô "tOz#
g`==hO^x KK~. P`x HiH Uq\ H}O `H<~. P =hO^_
`# ~ ~ ^=h =##O KK... qO^ ~` OÒ =\
~~ L# g` =^ O "t Oz, ^xx K Ò K, P ^ `< #O`~O
q^=Hx P~OKx L^t<_x Q=xOK~. PH=Ô LO_ OQ_
J< `# ~Q}<x ez J~"# su P*OK~.
JC_ "~=Q g`=x H s~ Oq` *u A_Q ~
Q"#xH OQÔ_ }=O PKiOzOk. ~Q"#xK <#~HOQ
F L=# H~}O G 655
Pj~kOK|_# "_, P g`=_ H~ x~} O^_~. `# Ô L#

K\H x# OQx $Ô "tOK~. OQ_ PH=# g_ P
s~= ~~ L# K\H "t OK~. ~ H |~^# O_ H==# f#@
OQ_ |~Ôz g`=x uH Ô |@ f_.
JC_=x H;s~O OQ x $^ O #O_ P uH ^ O "t OzOk.
OQ_ `# OHHK uiy }=# ^`ÔQ HO* P `~"`
#=# uiy "o~.
g`=_ P s~=` JH_ #O_ z qO Q ~=~O "tOK_.
#O PKiOz H$`[``, H` ~=OK~. =<+`=Q `# =#\
s~O` HtOK_. r=#O^ `ÔQ LO_ =`=, ~=Ou, "u,
#`=, H~} "^# Q}=` aOK~.
~ OQqx~H"# =#Q P =x JH_ #k X_# XH ~A Q__.

6. WOk=~ x~H~}O
N=+ =i : P =x JH_ #O_ |î qO^ ~` OÒ `# W`
~O Q iK"# XH Q "tOK_. JH_ Q XH Z`# t
M#<_.

g` =_ : (`# JO`~O QO) J=! D O KO H ~~" q\ Ziy<#.
W`~" WOk=#, z`=# =^#~K# H^! WH n~ zO`#`
<Hq x L#k? H#x\h =$^"# fQ Òz#@ Òz"<#. WH D
OK=#, ^<Q H=# < ^$+ #O_ `lOz"#. UH=Q z<`
~_<`#.
^ `=# HiOK#C_ < D *Q` +=O\^ J=Òk H^! J~`,
*Q`~ù P`# îOK@H "Hx LO\#. H#H, < + *Q``
=#=Òk. `s^=# J=OaOz, D s~O `#O J =~ P ^=#
g_#. =# iQ Jf`_<, P =# H H``=#O^ "t#.
JO`\ "Oz UH"#\ qH~~`=Q ~=Ò^ }== uOk
LO\#.

656
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
D qÔ Q g` =_ ~ x_ _. P Q< P~ ~A ^#`` ~
__. `^#O`~O XH @i K@ HO^ Hk H}= qqOz K qÔQ,
=~ P =k #O_ "OK_. ^_, KHO D q OKiOK_.
J\ OK~ =O U ==# OOK"_ H^. ^xh xOkOK"_
H^. ^ ~^ ~ H ~`_ LO_"_. #_KK#C_, H^K#C_,
~x L#C_ J`x $Ô =# q+" =^#O H#Q` LO_k.

JO`~^#O -
g`=_ : F K ! =#! =O^ =O^ _ h= < "O@#O\
LO_^ KO>... <Hq J O`~O ^ . J~` h= h K Ò =Ò q_z@=
LO@Ok. i H^!
F P =~! F WOk=~! D P` qk H^. q~ tk"
H=K qOQ|_#C_ _ P` LO@Ok H^? WOH Jk q^\ J=Òk?
P` q` O|O^= ^x Ziy# =~H} O q~ <K [~O|_#"~ JQK<~.
q~ D O KO "t Oz PtOKq, P~OKg... Jh _ J~O xq, =~" # q
J=`<~.
q~ P` KO^~... P` q KOk#k H^. q~Q q~ P`
~_#Q < Ô_` @=?... Z\ Ô? ''"" Ò, "" P`?
"" H` r=_ Qu x~` J< = < P`q~} =O =`"
q#|_K<~. 'J<` O^ P`Ò JO> J^. '== #O^ J=Ò JO>
_ J^. JqK~}K [xOKk qK~}K #tOk.
F WOk=~! H~} `=Q q~ "~. q=# Ja=xOK
==Q r= "~. }i`=Q H H~}`= "~. HQ z^_
"~. QOK#\ =# "~. J^ `=Q |= "~ ...D PiO\ ^xH^ `=
`= == Hey LO_Q, Z=i x "i^ J~ LO_Q XH^xx =~H\ Z\
iqÒ KOk?

J_q ^ ^ =$H= a<~. "\x KkOK\xH HOeK `~
K|_# Q_e, H "^# ^#= W#=` `~=`<~. H\# K@
H=# H\ x"xH `=\xH "^~ K~ ` Ly<~. WOH
U"" ZH_H_ aOK =yx LyOKQ 'Q$O `~=Òk. D s~O
q+O _ J\^!
F L=# H~}O G 657
H~H~} OÒ K` H K<~. K= qO@<~... <~

=\_Òk... K` H^K<~... J n~ ^=Q P WOk=
`=`= *<Ok=K xqOK|_K<~.
HH`mOQ H~==~=O` kOk. D s~==~=O` W@O_Q...
nx PQ=# x+=}=K Z=iH Uq O? Uq #+O?

WC_ Jq^ iQ `y~Ok. P`q^ +=~Ok. ` J##k
J`Q#, J` J##k `Q# è~Ok. q=h Lq<~.
Z\H LO_`y #^^ ...Jk J" ", = K iOK|_x^ Z\H
LO_ f~Òk.
WH, qQ`Ô`, Uk Z@O\O^... J> LO_QH! <# ~^ `H"#
~O Q "_<. D ^^, `k`~ Ô|O^= < O|OkOz#q H=.
JO`H^. <O^ Uk `*~" "K#^... Jk Jx ^=O^
J> "K#k. JO^K` JO^~, Jx r=, Jx H < "~! <"! <<!
J~`, <O^ <# Hx^q LO@Ok?... <# HxÔ` x^! H|\ 'h=-
P`_ J##=h XH =O '<< J~, '<#Hxq J~LO@<~.
WH =#" < J#=O, ~O, =O _!

N=+ =i : =x+_, =` JQ P g`=_ D OKO OKi<
#~Q=#~`=Q | ^=# u O^~. zO`~`_, J*# =i`_
J_. JC_ _ P ^~=#O_ HeQ J#~= x"iOK\xH ^#
QO J=Oa LO_"_. ^ P` Y=# KqK LO_"_. P
^~=, ^ `~_K#\H P`xH "\@ '`[Q ^$+ LO_k
H^. =##O^ [xOK WK, JxK^ P`_ Jf`_ LO@ LO_"~. ZC _
H=b== (A sense of Absoluteness) J=îOz LO@ LO_"~. ''< [# H~
LO_= J# Z~HK O~i`Q= HQ, JC_ +Oz# |#O^=#O^
è_` LO_"_.
J@ K ~A Q_z# `~"` P# ~`=Q XH Q "tOK~.
=h `= J=# q_=~ H^! XHi =~ D [Q*=O` gHOK
\xH P Q P# ^#="Kx... `# `# W@ OyOKHQ~.

658
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
g`==x : F ~Q=! h qC_ P`#~Q`= O^=. F ^+=! hqH
x~+Ò O^=. q Wî` W\H KHO H_OK# H^!... WH K.
F Q=~! q JOîH W^ `k #=~O. è Ò_K "_ eOK
|_#@... qK H\k [#Q eOK_#. WH K, q` =Q=O. WH
LqOKO_.
F WOk q+=~! q | ~ ~ ~ QO^ ~=`
~= ^= Q D =~= # x~} Qux =iOK\xH uOKHO _. qH #=~O.
F q`=! ^Y=! h= < J<H~ '~^# HeyO*=. J~< h=
< q`_". ZO^HO>, hK O`$_<# <# P^~=Q P`# J<+OK#.
D P`=~ÔH ## ~OzOk h". h =~ =~ #=i<#.
"_H ""_ =~Ox "@# =^#@ <# x# WH_ `l<#. h H$K
P`Ô aOzOk. '^Y= J< ~` =|_K#\H, z=~ Y=<
O*# F <O! h *~. H$`[`.
D OK=# J~=Q rqÒ Hey# ^=< K~_! - ^ #=,
Q^# "^# "\ O^ h= < Q LH~ } =" HiOK=. h O`
< P` q` aOk. h= ^#~ =Oz q`_Q#, ^~ #~Q
`^#~` K_ q`_Q# J=` LO\=. hH, <H, qQO
J<kQ xuH =" J~L#k H^! XH r=_ '~ Qux P~Oz<,
H, '~=~Qux Ja+Oz<... XH<\H h` qQO `C#k H^. J<H [#Q
h` OQ, qQ= J#q =K#. P` *#=OK` h` Jq<=`xH
x HQK#k.
P`=O <HOkOz, `^~, h h" =~} KO@<=. h`QO
=iOH=iH =Ok? x# =iOH=~ <#= K@ ^. x# h" <#"#~
H#K<=.
F `$+Q~! - <# Oux O^KO_Q, hqH XO@i^x" +OKK<"?
h =# Z=iH Ou LO@Ok? JO^K` h= LOu O^@O H=#
H~". H#H =.
F H==! - h q<#= H~H <# J "~Q^# P~OK#. h=
L#O`HO `k`~ r= <# JOux, M^= # HeyOK# H^! h= HOK@K
< # J< H L^ #+ ~ K <#. W C _ H =x^ i H ` q Q O
OqOKÒk. K O`+"#, q`"# H}=eq. H#H WH OuOK.
F L=# H~}O G 659
F < H$` ^=`~! - q #=~O. q~ ## J<H #~H=#O_ =<u

'`, ^#= J# ~H=# fHx =K~. JO^ H$`[`. J~`,
<# H$`, ^+ $`= ikx JkQqOz Q=~O P`=H#=#
q<#. `^~ H$`=h JkQqOz H$`H$`_#QK<#. q <
H$`[`.
F =$H=! - h= ''^+ J< HÒ \=. ''WOk \\=
J< "= PkOK=. '^+ JH~ |k J< |~^ iQ=. HO P"O
^+O ^~=Q# JiH^$+ =Ô =`~O "^# |~^~x
HiOz WO`HO` J=. #~H`#, J^= L^ J< # K=.
'hK [# J*# ^ J H J< HQ h` _ J<H [#
Q_#. <<_` H `~z Q~=#, *##, =# ~}"_< =~H}O
h= ZO_=@O ~OaOK=. WC_ h= Kz "_i ZO_~# K@Q
J~=@O =^=O. P`# îOz# `~"` h LO_ HOKO K=_
Kz~Ok. WH H\ "` h= <e#>.
F "=? - P`# îOKK# D `~}O h h__ HxOK@O
^. "`~ L#K@ pH\ LO_*^ H^! "`~ H=@" pH\ H
x~K#=~#@, JYO_=Q < P`H =O Z~QH=@" hH x~K#O.
JO^K`, P` k=~<=ÒK` h= ~`=QK<= H^! =Ozk.
`x =O\ F ~` Q ! - h= g}<^= =O\ u ^#` ## =#OQ
HiOK^xq. <# =k "tOz#C_ ## dQ qOK=. P
< "K#C_ h HiO zHiO= JxOKk. ~#O^~=Q
PÒ^ qOu HQ*@^~ < =H~O K=. h H~O`
<x =O` #tOzOk. < `x= d= WO`HO L<=. J<H
OH@=K d#_< =k q =K ^g `_< L# =O x# P~Oz,
qOK#. J~<s~_Q t=x P~Oz L`= eÒ Ok#@, <#
x# P~Oz =^#O^=Q P`=H#O O^#. h= K# O U=x
=iOKQ#? h =QQH!
F Ô_= (Ku H])! - <# J_=#, Q`# OKiK@C_ <
PO|#==. "~HO ~= q`x =O\ h H$`[`.
F ^=! - ''J O[~= ~H= ~== Q W" H^, h
=Y`` =O`? h= "\x QOz U H}"< h H$u "tOK=K. <Hq
JO`~O ^. h #O_ K=@ "^# [H=, == "^# ^~O^=
660
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
|_KO_Q... x# qÒ K=# [= "^# "\H W" H$`[`.
[#, # H HiOz# ^~, LH~} == _ <
H$`[`. h JOkOz# P~ ^~=# `~ K@O qOz# H
r= W" < H$`[`. hqC_ LO_<, T_< <HH>!
F }=~! - q~ < ~HeH [q` H^! WC_ <# K#
q` =O^# H==# q~ _ J~. q`_ <# J<H qz`#O^
qqOK#. ~` O[=#, HO`~=# qiOK#. ^ H`=
"tOK#. J<H H~q= <#. qq^=~= OKiOK#.
"? D OKO q` _ J#qOKx ^~==<~? q`Q
}=~? q=# ZO` HO \ LOK#. WC_ q~ q W+O =z#C_
q H$uH ~ b#=Q@ ÒÒ W<#. <# |=` SH`
O^K<# H^!
== J~ L# F }=~! Uk ZK@ \<, z=iH #tOz #O
O^=O^ H^! WC_ L#`=#q =~H\H x=#O K~K<~.
OQ=K U~_#=h XH<\H qQOOk f~=O^. WH =# qQ=
H~ =QK=# <=#k?
F <`H=! h #=Q ~=O_= "tOK^=QH!
F }Ok=! h= h x*=Q qx *K^= QH!
F H~Ok=~! q~ q PHa=#O^ "O^^~QH!
F lOk=! hH ~H [==Q KO^=O_=# "tOKQH!
OK *<Ok=, OK H~Ok=, OK }= "\"\
H$uO^ b#=QQH!
P` J~L# <# ~_x "Q=, `# `H_ # \ =^[OQ,
"~`=Q PH= KO^=#, Òx nO =ki, HO`=Oê $+xe,
O`=# O^K<#. FOH~~=` H H `"# |~=#O^
SH` OkOKO@<#... ~ H~~O ~ =i` _#QK<#... ~ ^$f`_
#QK<#.
=## JkQq Oz LK ~=` 'FOH~=# LKi< #. =# Jf`_
#QK<#. |~O^= # ~ Oux J#iOKK |Ki`=# O^K<#.
O`_<, "~`_< PÒ^ ~suQ ux OkOK H#K<#.

F L=# H~}O G 661
7. x~}=
N=+ =i : W@ =##=i`_, ~ WK `lOz#"_, P g`==hO^_
^ ~=`, FOH~O n~OQ LKiOKQ~. H=OQ P~=, U_= qH#
Jk~OK~. $^=O^ ~ ==Q |=H x îOKQ_.
P g`=_ 'J H~, 'LH~, '=H~, 'J~ =` O[#\ '' H;
J"H$` `s ^ ^=K }==# i L<~. ''q~\ ~}Q~
J"H$` H}= Q `s=# =# KQ_.
"@"^@Q - ''*QiH #=# |~[ H^ J# J^~} K`#,
''JO`[Qh, |~*Qh ^ J# J"^=K`# ...D =H=#,
"\ Lù #=` `lOz"_.
OH=K HO`==~ HeOK|_# D H; H~}=
H O`~=h gHOKQ_. P# îOKK# ^`` =Q P`
J="#k. H, JO^H~~`"#k. ~ KO^ #H`= #\
x~H=# e L#k.
PxC_ =Q H~`_ zO`=} =, ~ KO^x =, K#=
L_y# KH= = HtOKK<~. Ou, x~, ~ =^= = `s`
O^ u Hey<_.
"= QO^=# `lOK#@ P`_ WOk`<`*=# `lOz"_.
H=OQ 'n~ }=<^= J< `=# _ `lOK_. XH A_Q |k=O`_
`##O_ ~Q=# `lOz#@, PH= pH\ x `lOz "Q OìOKO@#@
P ==x `#Oê `"Q}=#O`\ h `lOz"_.

P `~"` P`x $Ô XH<H HO Pq~qOzOk. J~x=+HO
P# P H=# _ `lOz"_.
JC_`x $Ô `=Qh, H=Qh =. `=H ~`"#\
u x Ok# P`xO^ H<`"# \ HOz` =# iOzOk. P K~
=## _ P`_ J~xq+O KkOz"_.
J@ `~"` QexK@ nOQ @H~= O^_. JC_`x
O^ Hk< =Q x LO_@O`\ i*#= =`" +O z#k.
P i*#=# _ =~H J~xq+O `lOz"_.
662
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
nx< ''K`#= q+^# i`lOK@O Jx_ JO\~. D qÔQ...
H=ÒQ +OK ux O^_. P ^=< = ''Ou J# |=K
UHu Q q+ O K~. P `~ "` + ^= # J=OaOz ~ `== x_ _.

==~_ Q P =x J\#O_ [Q`~ `" # + ~H *Q`# O^K

JK@< ~OQ LO__. P `~"` `s ^=# O^_. P `sÔ
q+ #O^~ `_# \H, ~#O^ `_< _. J#`~ `_# \H P`
``_<_. "H JQK~=Q u O^_.
P u Hq+" LO_^ H^! Jk 'z#= Jx K`~. Wk
~=# H= H`"#k. ''Wk H^... Wk H^ <u, <u J#O@Q,
z@z=~ +OKk J^. ==, q=, ~=q`=, ~r= JO`~`=
J^. P# ~ q=i`=Q |~__.
Uk #"^ #", |"` |", q*#"^ q*#",
OY"^ ~+_, Q"^ D~_, = t=_, "+= q+",
P`"` P`, ÒuH, "+ <~`", =^q z` Jz`
=^Q xi+u, r=# ~ ~" J\ ^= P`_ J~...
K<O^K<_. +\ Ô`~" ~$^", ~", ~"H",
~~"#\ ^" WC_`_. ~^ x+", ~_ "^# HH
==# _ HtO*#^, x*#="#\ ^" P`_.
Lk ÔK` J<H ~_ _ `< J_.
= Ô K` ~Q_ LO@#k _ `<. ~~_, ~=#
a#"#"_ `< JQK<_. ''~~= `<, '~H J# ~OQ "~....
L#"__.
KK"... ~=! P qÔQ P g`===x = ^$+ K, =#O
KCO@#@ [# [~=i`=, J<k, UH=, q==, x+OH= J~#\
P` O`_ J_.
WH |^ ^$+ D~_ P`_. H~^=K J<H ~#Ô` P`_.
~H~`_, ~ =O^h_<_. FO #" g`"#=

F L=# H~}O G 663
8. qOu
N=+ =i : P qÔQ O~=O`~=# Ok, ~ ^Y= ^\"#
P g`==x ~=< <#=K ~|=# qb#_<_. Oux, ~=
`$x O^_. =Ô [aO^= L#@, i}= ~`=Q ` ^=#
#O O^_.
N~=_ : =s! P# s~ u Z@#k?
N=+ =i : K`# q#. P`_ O~=Q P`#= =x`_<_ H^!
WH P`xK JO`=~ LyOK|_# uH Ô [=xx WQ h~O
OkOk. K~`" =#` OkOk. P ^= #O_ }= |_e
PHO b#"<~. ^= Q OK`=h OK=`=O^ qO
KO^~. =O=, qH` _# r~ s~+= K`# Q~=# "tOzOk.
~H =O "^ =*k ^`= ^`=O^ qb#=~. s~=#Oê
``=h "\"\ H~}=O^ ~OK~. g`=x ~= O
H~" ~=qOux OkOk.

F ~"! h= _ g`===xQ< qK~} K~. KHQ n`"
L# P``` =# îOz, J^xO^ P~__" qOu O^=.

W\=~ D g`=x Q^ D 14 ~AQ h K#n, KCK#n,
K|_n WÔ` <# =Q qK~} K Kz#k =! uHîx,
z~Orqx J=@O K` W=h OQ OîOz, h KCK<#. < J#="#^
h K@O [~QÒk Hx, U" T, J P^~_ H^. h= _ P
=h= x~ ^$+x J=OaOz *#=# O^=. *#=K =`"
=H aOKQ^.
*<x~Y`"u *<^*#OH I
*<^= ~k~#^= =` II ( 12, ~ 88)
J*#O #tOKO> *# =~# XH> =~O. *#= K`< ~=k
aOKQ^. ^~xH *#=HO> L`="#k WOHH>n LO_^.
=h~_Q g`=_ *#=K`< Ph `QÒz"_. *#O K`<
z`=# K~O KQeQ_.
664
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
N~=_ : q ! WC_ g`=#, [Q` Q O|O^"\k?
N=+ =i: P g` =x Oq`, H, ^* #`` = $^ "# \ |=#O^
D [Q`# QOKK#k. J#Q ''[Q` J##k <H OH [#"Qx
=iOHq H^ J##\ Kux Z~H# Hey LO\Ok.
N~=_ : WC_`xH `# =`" O|OkOz# XH `H [Q` U"< U~_
L#^?
N=+ =i : WC_ g` =_ ~ ^ U~_ # x`` =# J#q OKK<_.
WH_ "=, x` `"q\!
<`= "^# WOk= WH_ `~_K#Ô` =#H H#
H^! D <#, h=, s~=, ^~= JO` _ =< =`". D
[QÒ` =< =`" J~ LO_Q WH nxO^ H"#^k? ~H"#^k?
g`=x H# JO` ~`"~Ok. ~=~=# P`_ Ok L<_.
WC_ J`x O^ ~Q^+= K _ ^. Ja=#=, H= H~
"^# =e#O^. "\=# HeQ WOkqH~ =. H; H~}
s~ _ =. `[x`"# OQ== =. H~`_, q"H JQ P`_
~`=Q x~``` =# HìOKx =#O =Oz L<_. JO`.
WH JO`qOz KO> P`_ "H Jf`_x QOK.

F L=# H~}O G 665
XII. L=# H~}= qH

1. Q ^ =#= "zÒ
N=+ =i : ~=KO^! D L= # H~ } O#, WO` =O^\ H~ } #
=#O KC# J<H=Ok =h JOu=#==# Q=x<= H^! h=
_ PÀ_", ~Q ^+ =i`_" D OK=# qiOK.
=n=O`Q *# HO^~ ~A ~[~O x~i<~. =iHO^~
=# H H}~O J<H O~O=` _ [ Q^ x~i<~.
F ~~=! WH_ H#|_ Y^Y H==K P` Z#_ =jÒ H^.
J\ ~ " Q P` h" LO_Q WH M^" O^? =~O Q ^Y= O^=#
<=#k? J<Q P`*# PÒ^ D OKO OKi<~. Hh
"~ ^xx Kp ^YO O^@O ^ . ^xH~ HOK@ ^ . h= _ _ " LO_.
~`y", =_", Y=O`_" LO_. P`=O`_=Q h D [< ^. =~H
[< ^. O <= =O H=@"q\? r=#, ~O Ziy#"~ JQ
=` Uk Z@#\H ~ H^k qH~ = H~. H|\ YO_`=
`lOz JYO_`= <~OK.
N~=_ : D O^~O <^H z# OÔ. =#O W\=~ K =Ok
r=# QiOz KC <O. "i HO` =Ok PHQ= #= "^# k=
HxOK@O ^. =iHOî Hx<~. r=#O^ JfOk
LO\? LO_"?
N=+ =i : F ~ uH=! ~=KO^! PHQ=#= "^# ^
^xH O|OkOz#q? Jy H T~[#O Q J=h ^~= O|OkOz#
qH H^! WH_ `~|_ uH, JfOk qz` ==~=O`
^~ =O =`" ! JO^K` PÀ# "iH H`q O^xQx, L#q `Qx
Qx Jax"O LO_^.
XH<H_ P`*x HH=K. =_ J=H=K. J~#\H =}, B+^=
"^# ^= HeyO_@K`# , QO "^# P H K`#
''PHQ=#=, ===@O, `HO H=@O "^# ^ O^QQ`_.
JO`=Ò K` P`_ PÀ_ Jx JxOKH_.
666
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
'PÀ_ JO> Uq\?... ''=Q P`K P`# Ziy, P PÒ^ O`$_
LO_"_ Jx H^! PÀ_ Jq^" ~ QO^ f_ ? D O KO ^~=
h Jq^== J~L<~. Jq^# `lOz# P`*x uH q+=Q
JfOk =xy LO\_! T!
N~=_ : JfOk Z\ "iH a~? P`*x "\@ Z\ LÔ,
JaO Hey LO\_?
N=+ =i : XH_ P`*x J~LO_H~#\H, ^= H H^K
HOQ u 'PHQ=#= "^# q^ `H a~.
WH P`*x q+ =O\"?... P`_ == # Jf`_ WK~ `_ LO\_.
''Wk H"e... Ok`< <# O~_<#@ Jx O== HeyO__. P`xH
PHQ=#=K Qx, ^K Qx, `K=Q Q=K Qh, ==K Qx,
Q~=, u+, =<^K Qx, r=# =~}=K Qx H`Q Ja+OK=#
[#"q H#|_^. PÀ_C_ xÒ`+ J~, O`z`_, ~Q~`_,
"<=i` _, xÒ`$_ LO\_. XH" XH P` *x JfOk LO_@O
OqOz#\H "\x P`_ ~|q+= =ÒQ< K_. PH= =
P`_ U uH ==K` iq`_=O_ =^H~= Hey, PÒ^ <Hx
LO\_. P`xH r=#~}= @ _ OQ= LO_^. O~= HOQ
WH_ Oq LO_ PHH Y ^Y=K P`_ `# qH"# `$x g_H
LO\_. uJ# ~|= `~_K#C_, "\x XH " K
_... =~H" ''JYO_H~ =$u J< ` P`# l< LO\_. #^
#O_ =K h~ =Ô "=#@, ~ J#== J`xx qOz
"`~ Qx, #~=$` H~}O H*=.
<=` H$`<~ <H$`<H# I
#K ~`+ Ht`~`= II
''Wk <# K#. <Hz# [#"=#k? Wk K^? Z\? J##\
[# ` "= (Benefit - Eventualities) P`x ^$+ LO_=. ~ `=O^
P~OK=#Ô@ P`xHn LO_^.
F ~=! XH_ P`*#~`_#\H ^# JHOz ^H^"^`,
=O` x=^` u P`xx ^#O OkOK@O x=Q"#"x`
=K. ^x _# O` =ÒK` XH_ P`*x JQK<_? ^! J\Q ^ OkOz
#O` =ÒK` XHxx P`*xQ x~~} KO. JO^H A '^
OkOK@O P`*#O ...D ~O_ "~ "~ q*# YQ K LO\~.
F L=# H~}O G 667
''=}, =O`= "^# K` PHQ=<k ^ a~ J<k

P = ^"# xuH=O J~ L#k. J\ xu H==#
^=`Qx, =iOH=~< Qx =~H qÔQ K*~. ^=`, , `k`~
Hx r= *O`*=# PHQ= <k ^ = =OQ `Ô Q< U~_K
L<~. KO^_ `# j``= `l_? ~_ `# H~}x L+=# =ê
LO\_? J=h _ "\ "\ xux =^H LO\~ H^! ~A_<,
=A_<, =~=~< xux J#iOK Ki LO\~. |, q+, =~
O`\ "~ _ xuH |_ H=# ie LO\~.
H#H ~=! h= K# PHQ=<^h ^=, H, H, =O`Q
J= qH ^x QOK. JO> Uq\ K`# ...q#.
q+O L#^#H, Jk '}# KO@ J< îH^~O Hey LO\Ok.
=^= '=` HeyOK@ J# ^~=# Hey LO\Ok. `< '`= "^# ~
^+=# xQOK@ J< ^~O Hey#k. JQ L"` = Hx =#=
s~ ^+=# x"i~. J=h P ^~= ^~=.
J\Q P s~O Hx Q_ H$uK k~K|_L<~. Q=K,
^=, H, H^ O` }=# HOnHiOK@K P ^ ^#
a~. s~Ox Hx HO^< }=# uHOz QO K@K
s~O Qe è_Q ^. ^~=}=, q +` Q }=, ^~OQ LO_ Pt`
~Qx"~}O K@O "^#q _ J\ Q ^_Q=. J~`...
P`*x ^=, H, H ~=Q Jq^ ~"# JO HeyO\_.
JYO_=. J"=, x`= JQ ~` P`x ^#H ^= H^!
JO^K` P`_ ^ q+O H~ $`H~ $`= =Oz LO__. ZO^HO>, D
^=, ^, H, H^h _ ''`` *# [x`"#\ ~=` ^=# LQ
_qH=. J~`, HOîH =Q $+ K=`~=# J#iOz H$uK ^
kOK |_` ~=` O|OkOz#=x Q=xOz, `# WK~`_ LO\_.
WH =iHO^~... J\ ^ @ 'Oê J# ~=` _# P"O Hey
LO\~. Z=xH` H~ LO\, P`_ =`" ^ OkOK\xH `~ _,
P" ~_ ``_` LO\_. H~ P`*# =~# qH~= H^!
WH P`*x ZC_ i~_ LO\_. H#H P`xH Z\ H~ LO_=.
~ H~ qOKQ, P`^ O J~# `~ "`... WH, `k~^" # J=
@ PHQx, HiHQx Z=iO@Ok? ~ r=# `# P` O^, ~ r=
O^ `# P`# ^ Oî LO\_.
668
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
*x q+O H=K, P*x q+O H=K... XH =@ =Ò x[O.
XH_ `# Z\ WK [xO ^, J> `= K LO\_. Ò H#QÒ>
HH"} J^x< O^`_. WC_ =#O g`== =x q^=H QiOz
KC<O H^! P`_ *<a+ J~, *#= H~H uOK_. *<O
H~ qO^~}O "tOK_. *#=# O^_. =^ ZH_ q~qOK^.
H#H.... O^=#k O^_. J\Q ^ (Supernatural powers) _. J=h
P r= WK` ^, H, HkK uOz =iOK<". J=h
`~ =$H =. J~`, P` YO O^ =` ^$+ J=h JHeH
q+= J~ LO@<~.
=Ò x``$<O `*<O q``<" I
DÒ O`<O <~x ^^ II ( 38, ~ 88)
F ~=! x``$ #, q``#, Ja+`= Q P`Y=# Ok#"~#
JQ PÀ# =` ^q LHiO=.
N~=_ : =s! q =^#O` <# ZO` `$ O^#. =#O 'L=#
H~}O qHOKO@# O^~O WC_ q~ K L# 'g`= JO`~
=^#O < Hey# ~O_ O^ q =OÔKx L#k.
N=+ =i : O`+O. J_Q.
N~=_ : 1. g`=x Ô qO^ ~` OÒx P`x ~ qO
|~^ zx 300 O=`~ L#k H^! JO`HO P`x Ô OH r=K
ZO^ HO|_^?
2. g`=_ ^=O q_z =kH "o, P =k LOiOK\xH
=O^ =#` U"" J#" O^_. s~O uiy O^\xH =O^ q^=H
O^=K H^? =~ ~x P~kOz uH Ô P~OK@O ^xH? J\Q
Ô "tOz# =~H}" q^=H O^=K H^! =~ XH Q "tOz
WOk=, z`= "^# "\` O+Oz, P `î q^=Hx P~OK
=# <=#k!
N=+ =i : JO^ H~}= q\ K`#... q#.
Q= x r=xH Oq` J<H ~Q^ +=` _# =e# "#
HeyLO@Ok H^! `èÒQ J\ r= ^= ''^dOK@, P"H"^
O^@ h~OK@ "^# n#u ~O~h O^==Ok. J~`, L`=
*# Q=K JqÔ= #tOk. Q=K }=# UHQ~z#
^ uH s~O "i OH#~O =[O= J^=` LO@Ok.
F L=# H~}O G 669
N~=_ : Z\ HK y H s~O 'K^ # "^# q O^H, =r `=Òk?

J\ QH H, }x+ H ~"\k? Jk JOîH ^_Ò^? H,
HOîH =`"<?
N=+ =i : }HH =# uH ^=# XH<H qz`"#
O|OÔ L#k. P O|O^=# J#iOK g`=x Ô }= OK#
~`"#C_ H;Ò O^@O, Ô n~HO tkO HH=@O, =# ~|
H~ J#q Oz uiy s~O "t OK@O, =# s~OH J_Q@Q< }
#OK#O ~OaOK@O, s~O L`[==@O W=h [iQ~. }Hx Ziy#
Q D q+ iK. D q =#O Lù H~}O Hx
O^~ qOKH=@O [iyOk. WC_ O^~z`" H#H, D s~ =<
} U~_ L# ~~ O|O^= q+" Hx q K`#.
JC_ h "^\ OÔ `QQ^.

z`= r=x LO_ , J= =O zfHi LO\Ok. =#

=##=O r=x #_ LO@Ok.
z`= ZC_C_ U ^~=O^ OQ" LO@O^, JC_C_ Jk
P ^~= ~" O^` LO@Ok. D z`=, ''D`_ < J~+_ Jx
"^QO Ok XHxx K#C_ P`_ J<H HêH J\ J~+ qH~=#
=# Hey~. ''W`_ < `_, W+_ Jx J#O@O> J`x J"
HêH, K~ O`+=# HQ* LO\~. D q+O JOîH J#==
q+".
XH ~Q^+ ~`_# @i `= =#, =$H=# K#C_
Z\ =<=$` #H_. J@QH, P ~Q^+ =<=$`` O`"# z`=
Q"_ P @ #O_ "K#C_, ''D K@ =q, P O XHC_ =k, D
O = Ti"ik, WH_ `@ = |O^=", P ` "~ =~O "iH KOk#q
- J# =<qH~=h O^`_. Wk _ JOîH u~E J#`=
q+".
J\Q `# ~zOK ^~=# Kz# =# KO O^Òk. "O@< P
KOK =# Ô Hx =$`#, uH O@## HeyOk. P Ô
JO^ uOkOk. P qÔQ< J^=H `# ^+OK KK_#H... P`x
=# J~z, U =$` O^Òk. P =$` P`x Ô qH~^
670
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
Hey LO\~. D qÔQ =#, uH ^xH U~_ ~~ =$u "
JO^~ Ziy#".
WC_ D z`=$` `k`~ Z\ =O Hey Q=xÔ. XH
r=_ '^, ==O\ =$`# =~ =~ H\ OK@K, P`_ HH"}
`k`~ _ XH<H == Hey LO\_. J#Q `k`~ r= _ P`xx
^, = J~_Q QOK`~. J\HO_, D r=_ ^+ P" H^^
=~ =~ H\ OK@K J\ r=_ J^ su J~# u O^# J~_QK<_.
D qÔQ P =$` J^q^"# JOHe` uO^#Q `k`~ q`
==` LO\~. ZO^K`?
XH z`= H JO`~` =$` J^q^"# O~=` _# `k`~
z`= uaO|~H ==# Hey LO@ LO\~ H|\!
WC_ =#O ~Q ^+ "+ = ~ `_Q y q+ xH =Ô. OqkO
K` (Presence of Pure - Self) ~=#_Q y s~= OH r= z`=
i#^#H... JC_ `, H@HO "^# P OH r= z`= #O^ y
H Oq` uaOaOKQ< Jq '=`=J< J#==# O^K<~. J#Q
"\ OOK == LqOz, 'uH=, O`= ~ kÔ@<~.
XH u_ =~ =^ Ox '^"O, Q P=O "^# q` q+ #
K# C_ `# x OiH L^Q=# =~z HOz` uH`` q#=_Q K<_.
J\Q OOK =O Q r= P y H Oq` =O K` ^g Q}=
"Q q`" LO\~. =hQ O`~+ P= (~}
=iOz# H}=i P=O "^#q) O=, e, =, ` "^# qH
OH r= Ou, JO, =# =OK\xH Wk `=. =îQ
y H O~=K J=h ~Q ^+=#O_ q_=_K<~. J\ H~}O K`
g`=x s~=# qOz# H@H^ @@O, OOK@O, HOK@O "^#
qH HO^ =$Ò HH~.
P OH r= P #O q_z ^~O "Q< =~ `= qH=Q
OOK ==#O^ =$`=` LO\~.
Q=x<", ~=KO^! L^~}, XH_ `# r=@ JH$u="#
- =^"# =, H~} ^#OkHOQ J<_#H. P`x @ r=
_ J^~H O Q JH$u="# , =^" # =` JOHeÒQ Ok LO\~.
HOQ LO_ =O Q"~, uiy JOHeÒQ HyOK|_`~. XHx Q}=
F L=# H~}O G 671
uiy P Q}= uO^# HiH~}= JQK LO\~. D suQ D

r=_ `##^ `# O^K<_ =!
H~}O?... XH z` H Jx r=# iOz L#k H^! JO^K` r=h
XH^xK =~H\ ~~O "#~O q`==@O ["!
N~=_ : r==#K> z` H Jr=x =##O^ uaOaO^? H, z` H
(P``` O) 'r=O, =# x K@_ U~_ LO@O^?
N=+ =i : z` H JO`\ PHqOz L#k. H, =\, t, O -Jx\
O^ ` =#~=# z` H U~_ LO_< L#k. J~` H+ +
tÔ^ =Qx = =#~=# LO\Ok. ~HOu JO`\ iOz
L#C\H ~aO|O [O =`" uaOa LO@Ok KK"? J\Q P z`
H H=O OK*<Ok=, OKH~Ok=, =<, |k H= JQ
H; s~=#O^ =`" =<KOK#`", iz#" H#@K#k.

H~} K` 'xiH~u, |=# Ok# P g`=x Ô ~`

=~=# L# [Ôê Oq` H uK, qH~= O^H x"
q LO_~Ok.
F ~=KO^! D q+O h =~H H _ K`# q#. J Ô
tkO J=\xH H~}"q\?... JO`H~} = H 'K+ H 'O^# ^ k =#,
<#=# _ H~}=QK#k.
^x< =#O 's~= H K+ J# JaO` K LO\O. J\ O^#
~=Q '^<#= J< qH~O }[x`=Q [Q^ =~= =#
^" H#|_Òk.
}H H ^ O`~` = Q O^" (K#") ^ K#= (r=#=). }H
H Ô`~`=Q JO^" ^x[= (=~}=).
J~`, J\ }= K#= LqO|_, Ô XH #O Q
K` L^~HOQ HOnHiOK|_#C_, OK# ~Ò K` P r=x P }=
t = ^$_`" LO\~. J\ HOnH$` }= =O K`< g`=x uH
s~O Z\ =~ OÔ_ n~HO LO_~Ok.
=# ^^`#, JO`~=# }=`# _# D s~O
}"= O^#K`< =iOk. }"= O^#" 'z`= H
672
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
c[= Jx _ QOK. Z=xO^` }"= O^# QO K`
x~kOK|_, sHiOK|_ LO@O^ J\"x ^=# =$k H LO_=.
J@ }= , JO`~ O^#= LqOz#C_ ^=# L# K~=,
=O= "^# ^`= `= ux Z#_ g_H LO\~. J#Q, Q=K
O aO|_# ^`= }OK#= x~kOz#C_ "~== ~ ` O O^`~.
J\ n~Q Q s~= H+=Q (HQ) ~", JKOKÒ
O^`~. JC_ `k`~ OzH r= P s~O KOKÒ x =$`^
J==== H#@K LO@Ok. Hh, P y }H H `Ò
=#OH ~OQ ^= #O^ ^y LO@Ok.
D H~}OK` Q s~= =O^, " O=`~= _ h\K`
`_=H, qO^ tQ tk=HH LO_Q=.

WC_ h ~O_= =Ô. ''*#+_Q P g`=_ s~O uiy
"tOKO_ HO #O_ q^=Hx P~OK=K H^? -Jx tOK= H^?
P`*#, g`~Q, =n=O`, ~O~QO^ z#"#\"~ JQ
=` `= Ô q+O ~Ò` LO\~. J\ QQ `À
=# HH`m <=K ~|OQ Oz L# P qÔ^ =# Hey
LO_@O =ÔQ U~_ LO\Ok. D~H Qx, =iOH H Qx P y
H =~=#, ~[# ~|#==# J#OQ< =i~. ^xx
=iOH=~ =~H qÔQ fik^~. Wk Z\ JO>, ~=# Jf`` =
=iOK# *x _ XH LHiH `H~O Kx J#H=@O =O\k.
P g`=x Oq` HH`mOQ ''<# < ~} ` g`=Ô
"tOz =iHO` qK~} K#. P `~"` q^=Hx P~# J#
OH=# ~#~OQ P~OzOk. JO^K`< ~^Q}Ox K~x
OkOz ~ Q"#x ~}"_Ok. P Oq` ''< <#Q s~O "t#
Jx J#HH=\xH H~}O _ ~| +". Oq` W`~ OHe`=Q
~|=# J#iOK =iOK@= D K~K~ $+ xu H K=`~"#x
J#H"e. Q=# ~H+ =~ P~Oz LO_@ K`< P`_ s~ `[O
q+O ~Ò`_<_. "# OiQ ~`" P`_ ~|O^= #O_
qx~_ ''<# JYO_=, J" =, x` P`< J##\ P`~=# Pq~q OK~.
J\ u '^ O, q^ O -Jh P`x ~ Ò` ==# J#iOK LO\~.
F L=# H~}O G 673
P`_ ~ H
`_Q ~" ~_ J_. JO^K` P`_ ^xx "OzOK_
^x< jOQ O^@O [iyOk. qK~}K z`= #tOKQ ''="u, =H~}
"^# =`~ Q}= P`xH =Ô JQK<~. FO #" g`=
~"~#"#=

2. z`=#O
N=+ =i : KK" ~=! =#O D H~}O =YOQ Q=xOK=#^q\?
z`= Lq r=# ~ = HQ`~. ZH_ z`= #t, JH_ '"u,
H~} "^# ^}=h `Q L`#" H\ `=`~. J#Q Jq '=
^`# OìOKO@ LO\~.
N~=_ : =s! XHx f==, H;= JQ P`qK~}K z`= PÒ^
~OzO^#HO_. JC_r=_ xiH~_, xi+_ J=`_ H^?
N=+ =i : J=#.
N~=_ : JC_H '"u, H~} "^# Q}= L`#==\xH K@ LO@O^?
z`" LO_#C_, Q}=H_ LO\~? =i J\ Q}= L`#=`x Z\
KCK<~?
==H! =x! XHi z`= |=#O^ =~# `~"` WH
P "u H~} "^# Q}= HeQk Z^xH?...
~Oz# z`=#H? H Jk#=Q P`H? HH, Jk#=Q P`<?
^, aO|~=Q K`#=#O^? H^, 'z^_ J#|_ K`# uaO|=Q
r"Ò^?...
D q+O ^K q^~KO_. ZO^HO>... ''=$Q`$+x [O Q_H\
L#k, =~H K@ "u`" #k J# =uiH "HQ z`" LO_#C_
WH Q}= H ZH_k?
N=+ =i : ~=, Y ~= JQ P` Oq` XH<H =O XH
K@ =e# "<*= Hey LO\Ok. J\ =e# "< *= [# ==,
Y^Y i` J^ H~}=QK#k.
'=e#"# JO> Uq\?... ''<# D s~=#. s~ iq`_#. D
s~O Q WOk= < LxH. D WOk q+ =K <# |^_ # . WOk
674
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
O> < LxH (`) ^. WOk= LO>, "\ q+=K xq`_
#QK<#. ...W\ ^$+x P` Oq` Hey LO\Ok. Jk J[z`=. Jk
=e#=Q =#. Jk O~= H ~=. 'r=_ J#Q J\ J*# ^$+,
=# Q z^` H^!
=~ KCK<#. J*x Q r=x O^ "< *=K U^` ^$_OQ
u+OK|_#^... J^xx =# Jx KCO@<O. J\ =# =~O
Ok#C_ J\ r=x =#O r=#_ Jx JO@<O. ^+i`=Q =#
#t< D r=_ |O^==#O_ q_=_Q_.
N~=_ : =`! #tOK =#k? #tOKx =#k? J =# J<k #tO ^?
=# #t P r=# ==~=~O LO@O^? =# #tOz# `~"` "u,
H~} "^#q Z\ U~_ LO\~?
N=+=i : tOK"i L`=_=Q, F ~=KO^! WC_ h '=< <#=
H, 'z` = #= JO> Uq\ q^ ~ #. JC_ h O^ h \OK`~.

XH_ XH ^ HO_# qOz <\` T^` LO>... P HO_ ~~
_Ò^? U n~_` `# `~_ P Y^Y ^ =z`#O` =Ò
K` `# H JYO_ - J", x`, x~ P` =##O_ K`_ H_ J\"x
z`=, H =# #tOz#>. U q*# =x`_<` 'D J ^" <#. `^#OQ
=iOHq Q# J# ~OQ ^`=# q`" LO_*^ P`xH z`=
#>. #~# H~H=Q OiH =# L#C_ ^xx 'zÒ Jx O. ZC_`
z`= P` ==# OìOKO@O^ WH Jk P`~" J=Òk.
O~=# K> z`= LO@Ok. O~= ~ `" ` WH Jk 'z` J=Òk.
^xx =#O z`= Jx=O. H#H 'zÒ ~OzOk J#O` =ÒK` ''PK#h
JO`" P`_ x+_ J=`_ Jx J#H=^. ''~ PK# Lù #"#
`#= #O^ u+`_`_ Jx QOK.

z`= #tOz#"x O^ ''P^, O^, q`, =`=O =O\=h HO_#
`H Q = "`~. D OK q+=h "\ ~H H`
Jq`=Q#C_ 'z`= ~`"#k Jx = JO@<~.
z`= H ~" q\? =_` O Hey LO_@". ~= ~= # =ê ^$=#
=##O K H~ H~}= Jn#=~ LO_@ ^$`^Ò. =_Ò
F L=# H~}O G 675
`y` " `y#C\ ~x = `=O ~OQ L^~OKQ^. J\

`== #O_ Ku O^#C_ z`= ~`"#>. r=#_ `==#
P~Oz LO\_. P`x +OK ^$==~=# '^ z`= Jx _ JO\~.

^ z` =_ - ''^ z` =_ (H) ^ O q` ~_ JQ r=#x
O^ JÒ` JH$u=OQ iq` ^$+h `y~ LO\~. JO^K`<
P`xO^ "u, H~} "^#q =ÔQ H\ `=`x <# K@O
[iyOk. "~ =Ô Q#, JH$u=OQ# L`= Q} Hey LO\~. JO`Qx,
#~# H~H=Q P K`<, u+H~H H^. ZO^HO>, '<# P`# J# J#=O
Q z`=_ `# ~=< ~ ~ ` QOKK<_. J= U u O H~ O_
`xO^ J"["# = `# =OQ Hey LO@Ok H^!
r=#_ ~# `#=< QOKK LO\_. JO^K` P`x J\ '"u,
H~} JOHe`=, =^=. JO^K`, Jq #~# `= H*=.
''J z`= JO> Uq\? ...D ^= HO> qH}"#\ '` ~_Q
^ `# ~ `# U=~z D ^= U~_ L# WOk= q+=
JQK# "\ =< ~HOQ "tOz, "\ ==Q Y-^Y =
~O~# JqOÒQ, Jqz#OQ O^\< A 'z`= Jx <~.
`` = ("H =) r=# q+= #O_ "#H =~e, ~
` O^ JK`_ U~_ LO_@O L^k<~. ^x< 'z` <#O JO@<~.
u r=x O^ ~^ U~_ L#k UHH ` H^! JO^K` q+=K
U~_# 'Q} H~ ^ qQ=O` ` O^ L^k` _# "xH Lq Oz`~.
`= J< KO^H~} ~=Q O`+ H\ `=QKO_Q P r=#xH uH
Q}= = ^"`~. JO`Qx Jq uH K`<, H~ $à=#O`<
U~_ Q} H@#H^. ''< a_ #O K~OK#. `_K#. eOK# =i <
uO Uq\? Z=~ W~? Jx è Q KCH^ H^! P" = Q<
r=#x = "^#q JÒ` `^"#q J=`~.
J~=<<#O - Wk x+`Q q^= =`" HQÒk.
JC_ ~Q}= x~=, ~==#= JQ q^=H^= #O^ ~Oz
`~. J#Q... 'J~= J#|_ z`< u q^ = =`" q+ =Òk.
Jk ~~Ò, ^$~Ò J~#k. ^xx =#O =@ KCH=.
J\ J~ z`<#^= Q}= H^. JQ}= H^. =$kQx, J=$k
Qx H^. KOK=Qx, L^=Qx, J=OQx, ~=Qx, H=Qx,
676
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
`[ JO^H~=Qx, Q ~`Qx H^. ''k, PH=, T~ J^
qQ=, ~K#, ~Q=, q~QO, `, J`, `J` Ok ~O ...D h
J~z` <#= QiOz =zOK=.
Jk JO^H~, `*~`"#k. ~, KO^, #H` =i`"#k. ~` H PHO
Q Jk x~ ^" J~K#k. PH= "=# #=QK#@... |kx,
~ O~_O|~x JkQq Oz# =` P 'J~` # `" XCK#k.
J*#~[ #"#\, PHO= q"#\, z`"< #\ J~` O^
q^= U~_ LO@<~. D [Q` HxOK =+|k, =+ OK#=
"^#q q^= q<^ q~" =!

3. s~ `Ô x"~}
N~=_ : =`! =s! J<H O~O=K J~~K# D [Q` Z^~Q
LO_ r=_ xi+=Q |=# OìOKHO_ J_yOKK#k H^! J<H ^
Y=` _ Z^~Q xz ZO` qO*# 'O~= J#|_ D =$H=#
J c["k? P c[O ZH_#O_ =zOk? ^xH Lù #"k? P #=#
ZH_ #O_, Z\ Lù U~_Ok?
= ^ H Ja=$k H~H J D O~=O` ZH_ #O_ =z_ Ò^...
P == QiOz qnHiOKO_.
N=+ =i : ''D ^" O~=# J# c[O Jx K|_Òk. h
|@Q H#|_ D ^= H J# ~O r=x H JO`~OQO U~_
L#k. , J =# nx JO~O. HO_=#O_ H=, P, H,
=$kKO^`~ KK"? ''O~= J#|_ JO`H~}= H ^+qQ=
#O_ H~, H~}=, P, Y ^Y=, L^ J##=h L`#=QK<~.
O~=# #O JO`H~}". s~O J#Q ''<# D s~=# J# JO`
H~}= H ==~"#x qA Q=x<~. =# ^~= Ja=$k,
q<= #=x fH"# J=Q# Q"~ `H Q<~. PtOKk, P
P "O@ ~ Q fk, "\=# HeQ Y^Y=# x~zOKn, "\x `lOKn
JO` =#. ` =~=# q+` ^=#, P ^=K O^ ^$
~O~#, Jx\h "#k =#. *Q` #O_ OH "o# =#
T#Q~=# $+OKHx, JO^H "tOz J<H J#==# O^Òk.
F L=# H~}O G 677
=# 'OHeOK@ J# H# `# H ==Q Hey L#k. =i H

PK## J#iOz =\` J<H PH~= Q O_h ` ~Q K#@, =#K
^$`=, P ^$=# q+=Q D [Q^#== `~QK<~.
=$u J# ~=Q =# ~O_ =#= L<~-
1. ^$_"# (Dense Tendencies), 2. }O^=.
}= KeOz <_# $tOK\xH ^= QK<~. =~H} OzkH~=Q
=# H z`= _ jOQ H\ `=Òk.
<_ =~ ~O^= QO_ }= KeOKH` JC_ ^+ WOk=
#=" LO_k H^. H#H }O^" z`= ^~ '[Q` J# i@ k
HK#k. } O^= ^+ H =" J~ L#k.
JO`\ H H~}O? P` `# ~=QQ ^+ . H#H ^+
}~_
`# z`= ^~ D [Q`# QOKK<_.
[Q` O - } O^= H L=#= [iy#C_ K`#= H
x+~=Q O` u U~_ LO\Ok. ^xx "Â '[QÒQ =iOz
KCK<~.
[Q` $+ - x+=Q K`#= XHC_ } O^=# P~Ok. JC_
xOQ L# |Ou <@|_@K K#= O^K#@Q, z`=# =$`
q[$Oa<~. J\ =$u*#O ^=O^ iOk. Jk '[Q` $+ Jx
"ÂK =|_Òk.
D qÔQ [Q` $+, [Q` =<q P` ~_Q D ^, H, }
H O^# O|OkOz#" Qx, OK` "#=Q D Z^~Q H#|_
=*= Lù, q<#= O|OkOz#k H^x H;^$+` QOK.
Ju H;=Q QO^= (Smell) ~` "Oz L# "=K OK#=
Ok #" iOk KK"? ~` "Oz# Oq` }=
K#=K k`" ^=O^ uaOaOk.
N~=_ : `# ~"q\ U=~z# D r=_ z`=$`# P~Oz, D [Q`#
O^K, K=`~OQ H# O^K<_.
N=+ =i : J=#. JO^K`, z`=$ux x~kOK@OK` D r=# ~=
aOKQ^. }=^ JOK` } O^#=# xqOz#C_ D
r=# H `QQ^.
678
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
z`=$u, z`=#= - z`=$u L^~Oz# "O@< q+=O^ J#~QO
[xOk. WH P Jk ^=# HeOKHx q+ Q=" PHQ
"_K#k. JO^ e`"q\? Jk J#O` ^Y=# `z@O\Ok. z`"
z`=# =$` ~=# |O^=Òk.
J\ z` = q+ =O^ '=#= = Oz J O` ~ " # \
P`*#q+ O "x#^#H... JC_=Òk? JC_^+, H, r=_ O^`y #
q= ^=# Ok#>.
JO^K` F a~! }K#O H~}OQ L`[=QK# "# ~=#
U~_K# J*# z`= =$kHO_ KKH=@O Z\Q HOKO zOKO_.
JC_ =`" D [<k qH~=#O_ (<# [x<# "II# = #O_)
= HQQ`~. ZO^HO>, =e# Oq` H =$kK D r= J<H
Lk~O~ [xOz, #t<~. J*# z`= H J#~*=K D
OK=O` "" LO\Ok.
D f~#O` QOz# Q }==K`#, ^#= K`#,
=K JOkO|_K# `k`~ ^#=K`#, ^~=K kO|_#
P qk, q^#=` _# K`#, ~-~` ~` q<OQ
OîOK@ K`#, D z`=# q+=#O_ LqO*@ `=
K<~.
z`x~Ô H~ } ~}= }=~} x~Ô J
LO\~. }x~Ô, zÒux HeyOKQ^. Jk `, =`=#, Y
~#==# HiOk.

4. J=# ^~ J=#O
N=+ =i : F ~=KO^! h= J_y# z`c[= q+" =^#OQ *#K
=zOK|_# =iHx q+ q#. <xC_ K q r=# OQ
J#Ò HQ q+!

D r=_ J<H [# J=OK` D ^=# 'Wk <#... Wk <k J#
O~=` QOKK<_. J\ îOK@C_ ''D ^ =# =O^ U"
#k?
D ^#O`~O L# q+"q\? D ^=HO> qH}" < O|OkOz U~_
L#^k J# ij<`H ^$+x H=K<_. J#Q...
F L=# H~}O G 679
P`_ ~ ~=# =ê, =~=#= #O^ D ^=K J#==

q+=O^ =`" ij# =## Hey LO@<_. J\ iq`, Oz`
^$+< '"# Jx JO\~. Hx iq` =## HiOz J=OQ D ^^
r=_ O^K<_. JO>, P`_ Z\ iq` =## P~<_, J\ PH$u<
Ok, P iq` =#O^ `## `# U~~KH#K<_. J@ U~~KH#
J" O~=# c[=. J\ iq` PH$u P~Oz L#C_ P "#
=j`_ ~~=# U=~KK<_. `# iq` == H#|_^xx
'Wk ^= Jx `KK, q=_ P =O `#H "= ~=#
QOK@O (H =##O K @O) =x" < _. Wk ''~O #O_ Ku O^@O
Jx JO\~. H_ xO_ H `y#"xH D Z^~Q LO_ ^~h =~HqÔQ
P =` Hx~ KK"? "#O^ O`"# r=# D [QÒ` Jax"
=OQ HxOk. q+O qOy#"_ P q+=# =j`_ zHH "#@,
JO`H~}O U~_# "#K J*#`_# r=_ H =#H =^K kO
|_K<_. q+= q+=Q <~.
Z^x` J~`... D r=# J<Ò^ P`|k J==Q ^Ô^
=|k ...J< q^ *#O HQÒ^ ^x< 'z`= Jx <O. J#Q
^$_"# JO H~}OQ D ^~=` J^"# @HOk. JOÔK
Ju K"# z`= |~`=Òk. P z`= r=# [# [~ =$`=`
_# D Lk, PH~ qH~=# OìO*Ok.
ZC_` r=_ '`lOK@O Q OK@O J< |kx J=OaOKH, "<~ `_
LO\_ JC_H P`x O^ z`=<^ [xOK^. P`_ ''qOKH=@O, J=#
J_#H... JC_ P`x ^~= O|OkOz# =##O #yÒk.
WH "< =##O +OK#C_ 'J=#O L^~Ok. PHO H=O L^~OK
#@ J=#u K`#=#O^ z`" L^~OK^.
~Q=O K` ==# Kz ''Wk "== Jx J#O@ LO_>" z`=.
<LÔ z`=# =iOH ~= ^.
U`=<`HO =< ~O z` ~= I
^=#O =<-#~`# ~# K II ( 40, ~ 91)
''"= =, `= JQ ^$+` K WH_ ^~g ""= K =iOK@
Q" H^ J# =# (H) J=Q# =z# r=x ~O x~HOQ
K" LO@Ok. WH JO^ z`Ô Z\ J=Òk?
680
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
H|\ ~=! h= '=q~} ~=Q 'x~^Q= # J=OaOK.
JC_ ~ ^$=~=O (Washing off) H ^$~`Ò U~_Q^. D ^=
Ok#O^Q# JO` qOz# [#O =iOHn LO_^. J=O^H"#\
Jz``" P`= ^~#O _.

JO`H~}=K ~= `lOK|_Q JC_ +Oz LO_ j`=iQ
"<~` z`= XH" D OKO =iOK=# =z#\H ^xH O~
^+O JO@^. L_H \ # z_ q`# OQ Jk PH~O Hey#\H Jz`` =`
i=#" J=Òk. "<=OK`< q+= ^xO|_K<~.
^$=#O^ U=Ò P#, J#~Q= x"x zÒ Jz`` ^ Ok#>.
Jk L=#=. Jk `=.
# "# =~ =~ [## =~}= H~}= JQK<~. "<
~`_Q r=#_ D OK H~= x~i L#\H, ^ `=#O^
~_ LO\_. D OKO ~Q~`#\, #~<O~= #\ r=#
ZO^~ ^qkQ OKi L<~. "~ *# O#, `~ D ^#O`~O
z^H ~O OìOKH#@ J~ LO@<~. "~O` z`~`x,
J=#x =#O `H QOK=K.

5. è|_Ô` L#k Ò@#"xO^!

N=+ =i : c[O "HÒ> <, h~ ~O_ H"eQ!
^ c* ~= z` }##" -} O^#=, "# - J< ~O_
LO_e. D ~O_\ XH\ q ~O_=k `#O`@ `< qOk.
#= #< ^y L#@, "#< q#~# ~O~h ^y L<~.
c[O-=$HOQ "#= [#, [# = WOHx "# U~_K<~. }O,
"## =#~ zÒ `# `< WOk Y^M#" HeOKO\Ok.
}=
q+=x`=Q =iHx q+=`
J q+#O^= J
z`= WOk= _H# z`=
F L=# H~}O G 681
zÒOz ''}=, q+#OÔ L`#=`<~. "\ #O_ =~

z`= =iO` ^=Òk. J\Q }=K "<O^#=, "<O^#=K
}= ~ ~O =$Ô K O@<~. "# }O^#=# L^kOK\x
'Oq` H= J< ~` LO\~.
}= $^ Q}=Q ~Q^ ^# ~ OK` LO_@O `= ^~ OQ
Hey LO@<~. Oq` ~Q`"#C_ 'z`= J< _ @H<_.
D qÔQ } O^#=, "# D ~O_ _ z` ~=#
H~}= LO@<~.
N~=_ : = ! z`" H^, ~ "H= =O! =i x~kOK|_@"\?
N=+ =i : } O^#, "# XH^xx h= x~kOKQey` ~O_=k `#
`< @|_Òk.
z`= '=##= J< =O Hey LO\Ok. z`=< =$H=# Hz# "
D s~O _. ~H z`= K`< OHeOK|_K<~. Jk `#O^ `$+
~Q= J< ^+=# JO`~O`~O O^~Kx L#k. J^ J*# H~=
^#==O\"# WOk=_ =O. J\ zÒ #t H}O "#
`~. } O^< x~kOK|_Òk.
~k# =e#~KK#k D z`". Jk ~} ~=Q z`
~=# P=iOKHx LO\Ok. Jk Z\ [xOzOk? J*#H~}O K`<! Jk
"" LO_, D ^ =#O^ <Hx LO\Ok. J`=$` K _ O a`= Òk.
Jx " H^` zQO` "@O ^xH^ \. ZO` HO Q_z`<...
Zx L^ =O@Qe`<... Jk `# JO`H~}H, q+~` #=,
Lk~`= JQ |H=# QOK^?
J\ x` OK#~=Q D zÒ } O^x~Ô K H} O "O^Q ^.
|, ~, ~, ~, QO^ q+= - }O^#, "#... ~O_\ H _
|~k q+= c[=QK<~. |~k q+= O^=#x WK,
Jax"=, @^ - r=xO^ U~_Q< ''<<! |^~! "O JO^
_Ò JO@ P *O@ (}O^=-"#) =O^H#k.
N~=_ : q! ''WK, }O^#, "#, z`=, |~k q+=
g\x q~ Lî... nxH Jk c[=x, ^xH Wk c[=x KCH<~. Uk
c[O? Uk =$HO? Uk =O^? Uk "#H? q~ K q+ Jk <# QiOKH
`<#.
682
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
N=+ =i : J=#. D O"Ô J\ L#=@ x[". J~` q` =O^? K@
=O^? K@Oz q` =Ok? qÒz K@ =O^? JH_ èKQ^q
LO_^ H^! J~`...
L"q\ <# +~KK<# H^! WH =^#O LO_x `
Q~|_=# <=#k?... |~k q+=#O_ q~qOK@K "#
#y`~. }OÔ x~kOK|_Òk.
J\Q... }x~ÔK "# #y`~. |~k q+=
HO qOk. H=OQ "# Lq~. JC_ zÒ Jz`=Òk.
=~H q+O. ''P`, Oq`, ^+, si J# ~` r=x ~=
=|_K#k J\ K`#" Jx\H #" LO@#k.
#= O_ #< aO^? Oq` (The Knower) H` =$u *#O
Z=iH? k q+= J#=~=Q O"^= (Object being known) Z\
U~_Òk?
Q ... D J O`~ q+ =h Oq`H O > "~ # q J#O@<"?...
H<H^. Oq` =# iOKK P O ^~=#, ^=#,
=~}=# _ QOKK#k KK"? (XHH_ `# Kx~#@ _ H
QO\_ H^!) J^ Oq` *Q` _ "tOz J\ OH=O K`< ^~=
J#==# QOKK#k. JO` H^...
U Oq`` q"HÔ K` OH= ^~ ^~#==h `lOz
`## `< Z~QK#^... P Z~H _ , *Q` =< `"#x H;|k`
QOK. ZO^HO> Jkf#=O ^$ 'Wk <#, Wk ~O J##q =Ò
ZH_O\~? H#H H=#=u,
Oq` LO_^... *Q` Oq` LO_^... Oq` H Oq` LO_^...
OH =K _H Qe ` Hx#@, Oq` H =#,
OH =K D [Q` P Oq` HxOk. H#H [Q` H J# c[O,
#O nxx Z~QK#"xO^ L#^x QOK.
è|_K#Ô` Ò@#"x#O_ |î, P`xO^ U~_ LO_,
=~H\H P`xO^ LqOk. O~= H, [Q` H ''Pkc[O
Ò@#"_.

F L=# H~}O G 683
6. ^$ J^~#O
N=+ =i : =H pH\ JO`^~OQ xz# XH ^ t O= =
H~}OQ XH ~+x ~OQ J#==Òk KK"? J\Q r=xH D ^$O
Ok. J\ ^$O^~#O < qq^ q D qÔQ LO\~.
1. Oq` The Knower or That Which is Knowing (Knower prior to knowing)
2. q+Oq` The Knower while engaged in material world.
(J\Q Oq`, *Q` Oq`, + Oq` _)
3. O"^= That Which is being Known
4. O"^#= Knowing
5. P` Oq` Knower Which is engaged in knowing the Knower's Self. (one's
own self)
~H~}= H\ HOz i#C_ JO^ Ô_H~OQ iq#@

`~}= JQ~. <= xOK"xH JKOK=Q ~`=, =$H=
"# "o`#@ H#|_`~. pH\ Kz# `_ =Q qO*Ok.
HO\ ^+O K` PHO ~O_ KOâO JQ~. D =x i J~#
^$+` K #t~.
J^qÔQ Oq` è|_K#^x= q+~=#, ^$~=#
Ok. J\ Hx#Ô` =H ^$+K #tOz`~. J#Q, ^$=
^$q+= J#|_ O"^=# O|OkOz# q^ *#=O` =H *#=K
#tOKQ^. O"^=O` Oq` "~#k H^ - Jx =~Hi H\ <#.

F ~=KO^! D H#|_ =_ H= ^ Oq` =`" J~ L#k.
JO` "~Q O"^= (è|_k) JO@ ZH_ Un ^.
=H*#O - è|_"x ~" è|_K# ^xO^ iO^h,
P`xH "~Q è|_Ô@ ^# xO Hey LO_@O.
JO^K` ~=! h= O~=# [~Oz"#O> ''W`~O QOz#q,
WC_ QOKK#q, WH=O^ QOKx J#O@#q "\#x\h h z`=
#O_ `yOz"e. J#Q, ''W=h q^~"#" H^! J# Z~H# ^$_~K
H"e. J@ `yOKH#O`HO r=# D [#, H~ `\ O|OÔ Z\H `Q^ .
^qQz`= O` =e# qQz`=# `yOK@ "HO.
684
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
^$= `=x =# K@" JqO`=Q [##=~} =#=# H
O~=# <Ok, c[=#.
z^H~O - q+= J^~#=# 'z^H~O Jx _ JO\~. J\
J^~#=# O|OkOz# Ò [_~`=Q P`=OQ i}u KO^Òk.
H#H... h= 'q+=# îOK@ J##k `lOz"=. q+ ~`, O
|^=Q P` h" L<=. H#H ~#O^ ~_" xtO`Q LO_=.
F a~! F ~[#~! D =# ~=KO^xQ< q u
XH~ ^` ~Qx, [_=Q D Ô H^. H, =~H "QK HtO|_
=<|k JOH~^ H^. gK îOK|_Ô` gH ~ q"!
(H~}! H_! L"! `"!) D q+O OK=# O\ÔQ
H\ Oz# ZO^~ =h Ki` =#O KC<O. WOH x~} H~}O
z@z=i=~ "i Ki` KCH`<O.
z`=# _ Jf`#\ F i^` ~~! ~[#~! q~O`
JO`\ =`~ ~ LO_Q, ''J! <<H =# r=_#O_! _#. P
Q=O`_ ZH_ K~~x K@ L<_. <=O\ # Jk K H+O. WH Z\H
U^ K P K\H "e... "^# ~OQ J, =~ " # f
~A Q_=# <=#k? X^. WH x^~ =O_. *_O =Ô_.
''q "= ~`` "q\ QOKO_ Jx "_O@<#.
H|\ ~=! h= D ^$=# JO`~O Q=#O^ `lOz#"_" ~ ''|#O^
~=Q +Oz LO_=. J@ iQOKK, P ^qkQ D Ô
qiOKK nxx q`= K~.

7. J[_O [_O
N~=_ : ! = ~= H ~`=# K~ Zu KK# ^~
=K#= OQÔ_ }== =i<#. =# D ` qK~}
H xO= H~H XH z# q =OÔKK<#.
[_Ò `lOz#C_ ^ *#~O +Ok H^! J\Q, ^ *#=#
U=~z#C_ [_=Q D ^^, "\ J#== OHq<~.
H#H XH r=_ D [_s~=# W> HeyO_Q '^ O"^=Q, H
K`# ~OQ +OK@O Z\ ^~Òk? s~O L#O`=~ [_Ò LO@Ok
H#H s~O L#O`HO ^``` #=O H+^""#x JxOk. ZO^HO>
F L=# H~}O G 685
[_= J[_= XHi, XH K@ U~_*=H^! "Q pH\ XHi XH K@

U~_ LO_*= H^!
N=+ =i : Oq`, q+ Oq`Q, P` Oq`Q ~O_ ~=#
^K#k.
^~=# `=x #=@" 'q+ Oq` J#|_Òk. J~`,
r=#x H =Ò D `q +`=~= #=O^ ZK\ 'Wk ` " J# ~O
LO_ ``|k LO_^. J#Q, J`_ `# JO`~OQ Ô q+O"^~`_
H+t ^ = (H ~~Q) LO\_. OH _ [_` ~ `_ LO\_.
`# ~ q+= J~=(Meaning)# k, ~ J~= Jf`"# #=
#O^ O`_ LO\_.
'^~= J`= Jx Z~Q@ 'Ôq` Jx JO@<O H^! q+
Oq` Jf`_, ^ Oq`x P~Oz#\H, ~H~= x~i#\H
P`_ U q+=K iq`_ Qx, q+= "_ Qx H^. q+=
O^ J` |k Hey LO_ Z=x z`= D q+=O^ "< `Q#^...
P`_ 'q+~`_ JA_ r=#_ _ J=`_.
|k=O`_Q L`=*x `# z`=# "Ô@ "<~Ò K<O^H
~`= K_. H=OQ PÒ^ ~ ^~ =# "Ô\ `yOz
"_. _ 'Jh <" J# =# LO@#@ J`_ 'JO`<^, Jh <<
J# ~=*#=# Hey O\_. J^ =O 'J<k, JOQ= ` _#
J=Q# OkOKx LO\_. q*#^$+K JO` è, Uq K*H =Q"x
= `k`~ r=` He LO\_. *~_, ^ *x, |k=O`_ J~# P
=`_ [_`~`=, "H=, K= - JQ #O `## `# uHOK
O\_. H#H q+=# O^`_"Qx, "\ O^ `Q#_. ^=
LO_ ^= x"_ LO\_. Y^Y=# QOK=K<"Qx, `# Jiq`
`=# g__ . PH= J#O`` = U~_ LO@Ok KK"! ~ "# `lOz#
"xH =^=Q J#O`#O^= U~_ LO@Ok. z`~`Q J<H=Ok
Q P ~=#O^ ~=#O^ Ou Hey LO@<~. J^xO^ =$`,
`# LO@<~. "i ~ O"^= (All their Perceptions) |H~=, |
H= =^ qb#" `<~. F ~=KO^! Z=_` `# #_# C_, ~x
L#C_, K# C_, D ^$O"^= # O|OkOz# =$u *#O `lOz"_...
J\" _ D s~O L#C_, nxx L y# C_, Wk #C_ _ Y=O`_,
J[__, ~=#O^ ~_ LO\_!
686
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
J~Q} Q~! ~~=! h= _ J\ ^$+< JOK J=OaOK.
HOKO =` _#\H }=k ^#K D O~ ^Y Q~=#
^\"~. XH z# c[O#O_ Pq~qOz =]=$HO q PHx PHqOz LO\Ok
KK"! 'OH= J< z# K@ #O_ Pq~qOz# D q+ OK= `
Q q^ J~ LO_ _ q=Q P`Hx PHqOz LO\Ok. Oq`
'=~ =~ OHeOK@ J# Q}=# P~Oz, JO^ e ÒQ [# ==
c[=# `# `# $+OKO\Ok.
[#~``< P`#", "~` ## I
O "HO #`# OqÒ qk ~= II
F ~"! Oq`# =iOHH~=~ [xO*@ ^. Jk `## `<
[xO*O\Ok. "O*O\Ok. =~HC_ $^=Q P``` =#
QOK@K OQ `# `< =Hx kOKH#K#k. Jk ZC_ Z\ q,
P H}O J> JQK#k. Jk ZO`HO ~Q^ Hey LO@O^ JO`HO `#
z^=# O^H, =``=#O^ x=Q" LO\Ok.
D =# HxOK ^=, =#=, J~, H, ~H, H#~, HO~+ - r=
~=h He` ~=Qx, "=~=Q=. P` J<k^" L#
=` _#^ D qÔQ [Q<@H=O` P_K#k. @~Q `#Oz
L`#= @^~OK H@|_ zHLO@Ok KK"? Oq` `##O_ |_e#
q+= @ Q L`H`K |OkO|_, ^dOKK... =~ z~H=#
=Q H=`= HiOk. '[Q` J< =^=# Oq` [~"
'Ò J# =O` JO`\ "Oz LO\Ok. D k ~O#, P
~`= ~O# iOKk J^. D PHO, q, "=, #^, ^=
W=h Oq` =^=x J<H PH~=` _# `~OQ==O\q =`"!

8. "~ "~ L
N=+ =i : F ~=KO^! D OK=O` Oq<`"! WH_ ~O_= "~#
H# ^. H# KK#"_ He`"# ~=Q Pq~q<_x QOK.
Jk |*#O. J\ ` *#=K Oq` J^ ` |~= O^Òk.
J#Q `#H ~ #<kH=# `lOz Ò^ ~Ò O^Òk. WOH
Jk ^xO^ `Q #H ~ ` O^ ~=H =H*#O Hey LO@Ok.
F L=# H~}O G 687
N~=_ : Oq` #O_ '<`= J< c[O Z "eqi U~_ LO\O^ q=iOK
~#!
N=+ =i : Oq`, H, |= #O_ uaO| Oq` [OOz `~OQOQ
Pq~qOk. ~x #O_ H~}OQ H\ `= J\ Oq` ~O_ ~=
Hey LO\Ok.
1. q^ PH~=Q Oq` qQO [Ox J<H `~OQQ!
2. UH=Q <` qQO J<H `~OQ=x UHH [OQ!
D h=, <#, HO_, O_, =O W=h '` H qq^ ~=
=`". hqH D ~q^ qQ= `lOz ~^ ~ ~O J~#\
UH=``# P~OK. Jk D K~K~ ~[Q` Jk#"#k. ~
q+= `lOK|_Q... JC_ ~` "Oz L#\ xi=Q P '<` `
H UH=Q =Ô J#=O HQ^. Jk |^= =!
N~=_ : J~=Q PÒ^ ~`=Q D [Q` Z U~_ LO\Ok?
N=+ =i : O_ PH~O L#k. ^x = ^~=Q =\H PH~O L#^?
^! =O H == Qx, ~=Qx ^k H#|_Ò^? ^. J~`,
==O` `~~#k ^k`< H^! <`= H\ `=QK#\H, J^xO^
'<# h= J##"g =.
N~=_ : =i 'H= =@ Uq\?
N=+ =i : H` _ =`Q< "==K H< ~H"
U~_ LO\Ok. P`` J"" JqH ~=# U~_ LO@< ="=K
H|^=Q, qH~=# H#@K#k. qQ= xK@ qQ= =K J#=
=QK#^x QOK.
H#H ~=! ''D ^$=O` UHH ` J# =# K~. ''~ ^$== O^
U~_ L#k P UHH ` J# ^$+x |~KH. J\ =#K ~k#, P k
O^Q ~ ^~= # i~" #~=. hH ` hO^#, hKQOK|_
^$=#O^# "QO^K#^! ~x #O_ J#O` H~}= |î
JOMH ==# HtO*K#@ UHH ` D ~ s~=#, z`=#,
`k`~ JOMH= =x`=Q [Q`# Z~HK HtO*K#k.
''^~= î+, ` J^x q+= "Ok#C_, J\H WOH
+OzO_k P UHH `. J^xO^ L^ "^#q LO_H~#\H
`, q+` U~_ ~ r= J^!

688
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
xiH~=Q J\ P`^=# ~_#"_ J~zH~=Q D O~=#
uiy~_. Jk '"H^# Jx, '~`= Jx K|_Òk.
J\ ^" ~H~}= H~}"#k. WH ^xH =~ H~}"#^n
LO_^. H~}= H~}O, ~=# ~=Q P ^ ~|" D r=x
~" LO_Q... D`_ J*#^$+K ^H## P~Oz ''<# x~_#,
x_#, J"^ _#... Jx "=K<_. ^xHO`\ H H~}O ~x
U=~z ^$q+ =O^ `^`"O^@" =! D r=_ *<x OOkOKH
#O`HO, J"=Q `# ~=# Ziy O`_=#O`HO D [#
H~ #O `k H^. ''<# ^^= Jf`_#. PÔ`= #\
<# D [# r=# =$`= =O\ J O@#K Z\ iq`_<`#?
Jx D r=_ QOKQH! J\ ^=Q# LHiOK\xH PÀ#"iK D
Q"k =K#= r=# JOkOK|_K<~.
`` "iy# `~ "` ~=, WH h |O^" q\? "H" q\? " = PHO
}#O` =Ò K` PH=H J#O``xH =K >q\? HOz` J*#O
=z XH<H =O P=iOz #O`=Ò K` D r=x J#O``xH =K
>q LO_^ Jx ~[# QOKO_. xtO` LO_O_.
X_# L# K@ `\HO uaOa#@ xi=, JOQ= JQ P` O^
D [Q` uaOaOk. D ^~=h `= O^ `H K`#= JO`"
LO_@ K`< u=O`=`<~. <H ~K =H=QK#@ P P`=^=
#O^ ~#O^= =H=QK<~. D q+= Wq OQ ^~Ò
(Tastless) J~#\H, Jq P` OQ=K`< ^Ò O^K<~. "#
"@x\ HO> u"#k P`=".

P#O^==Q P ~=` #O_ = |O_ ==h L`#=
QK<~. J=h "xO^ uHey LO@<~. P ~=` ``=... Q~`~"#
"@x\HO> Q~`~"#k.
H;`~"# "@x\ HO> HuH;"#k. =# "\x\ HO>
JÒ` "#k. q"#"\x\ HO> q"#k. *+`~=# "@x\
HO> *+`~"#k.
P ~=` #O ~`= PÒuH"#k. JH_ ~ = ~`
=`~. H#H Jx\HO> "#k J^! Jk `[=# `[=. JO^H~=x\
HO> JO^H~O J^! kx\H k Jk. Jk H= O|OkOz#k H^. Hx
F L=# H~}O G 689
HOx ~ q+ J^! " ==, ^$ ^$=, K`# JOH~=

~OQ HtOKÔ` J^.
F Ô`~` ~_! ~=KO^! UU L=K h= ~= q`=Q
P P`^=#O^ u Ok LO_Q", ~ `=K`# Jq PKiOK.
N~=_ : JO^ "~ "~ L= L<~ H^?
N=+ =i : J=#. Q, *<k "~ "~ L L<~. J~` F ~
[#~! "~ "~ L= L#O` =ÒK` ''"~ "~.. "= "~ J#
=# PxOz, `èÒQ P` ==# Q@H#O_^~ QH! ''P P`
^= Ju q`=, ^^~`=, ~= ^= Jx QOz, J@ q
J#=# =~= qq `= H#yOKO_. JO`Qx `k`~
ZO^ ZO`=~ `C K < ~ H H@ O@ q ~a=$kx P@OH ~K HHO_.
[#[~ =i`=Q P` ^=# =ê `K `$}=H _ =`~"# ''=#=
Lk J< J=Hx =~O KH"#<"iH WH <# K^=#k?
F ~ ^ q`~! D ~= P`K PHqOK|_#k. J^x
H`~= H~ uOz D z`=# LqO*O_.
ZC_` q~ q H ~"H, q+f`~=# Z~Q`~ JC_
~ #~=$` qOz D O~ = #O_ q= HQ~.

9. =_ J XHi!
N~=_ : =h_Q F =+=s! q H =K#O J"O. XH z#
- ''D O~=# c["q\? J# q+ O q~ J<H q+ qOK~.
XH ^xH =~H\ Z@ c[=QK#^ _ =iOz K~. 1. ^$OK= 2.
s~= 3. z`= 4. "# 5. uaO| K`#= 6. aO| K`#=... "^#=h
O~ H c[=QK# "#=O` q=iOK~. J~`, g\ J# ^Yc["k?
^# ^$ g\ ^xx Z=Q ^$+ @Hx, =$uO*@K, ^, x=$uO
*@K.... r=_ `~Q ^Y=# [~Oz, O~=# x=$uO* P` ^=#
Jk~OKQ_ J^x QiOz KO_.
N=+=i :
UÒ ^Y c*<O HO ^#`~" I
` ` Q} N=^` ^" II
690
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
~=! U^k Z@ O~=# c[=QK#^ J^x q+" =#O
q=~} =^< ~O W\^H KC<O. D r=_ `~HO Q
^x #"q\ QOz, "\x kxQ~KHx H=OQ J<H ^=`_#
O~= #O_ ^~`=Q ` =# u *~H"e. ^# U^<, ''^`,
@^` Ò K<=? ^? J<k =YO. ~+`=K "##
`lOz '` =#= (Sense of equality) H ~H+ J~#\ z` ~O`
SH` Ok, JH_ H}"< xu Hey<=#H... `H}" h" L`= ^=
Ok#>. ^=h Ò K [~OK. WH P ^~=Q P`#=O Hk
Ò`< OKQ^. 'UH=# =ê 'J<H=# JO\@Hx ZO`HO U
^# ^~ u ~<, P ``^= ^~OQ< LO_Òk.
=#O W`~" ~ O_ qQ QiOz KC <O- Oq` (Ò@#k)
O"^= (è|_K#k).
''Ò@#k J~#\ Oq` `` =#O^ ^#x+` `j_" LO>,
P `= P` ^=# K~"Q^.
è|_K#^x H< =O^, ^xH P= 'Ò@#k LO_ L#k
H^! JO^K` 'è|_k ^#Q fHx ZO`HO ZO`Q uOz<
z=iH Oq`#, P~OKO_ P` ^=# Jk~OK=x QOK.
^, XH x K~.''<# Uk zO`# K<<, ZH_ #_<<, ZH_ L<<,
ZH_ P H x~i<< JK@K@ Oq` U~_, PHqOKHx L#k.
J#Q O"^= Oq`# PHqOKx LO_*^. Oq` O"^=# =iO
*Ok Jx P~_~KHx, JC_H h ^# H#yOK. "## `lOK_xH
`=K~. JC_ h s~H, =#H ^Y=h `H #t~.
Oq`# P~OK@O... k` '`` JO\~.
O"^=# P~OK@O... k` `" JO\~.
L`= ~+ ` O QiOz h == H~}kQ KCO@<
=<#. H#H uOK@O, Jk H#yOK@O, P` ^=# Jk~OK@O
J<^ h =~O.

J~` Jx `H< H+"#^k?... "## `lOK@O. XH ^ HO_#
"Ô@ QeH q~@
O ^ _= K<" Qx, "<`QO JO` èH H^.
=# O H#O`=~ "# LO_< LO\~. "# H~ OK#O`=~
F L=# H~}O G 691
z`= qOK^ . `` *#O HQ#O`=~ "# qOK=. z`= qOK#O`=~

"# LO@< LO\~.
1. =<<#O 2. "<HO 3. `` *#O D =_ ~~ H~}O Hey
L<~. JO^K`< JO^ U XH\ =`" kOK< r=# H+^"
J=Òk. JO^K` ~"! q"H H=Q L`= ÒK Q=` U~_
WK# [~OKe. "< HO, =< <#O, `` *#O J< =_\ x XH~
KH Q P~OKe. ~= t=_ u~i_x XH~ =_ ~= =@\ # @
D =_\ x r=_ kOKH"e.
D =_\ h XHi =~ =~ JOKH` P |Ô Zx O=`~=
Q_z`< aOK^. z~HO J\ J P Ò `H ^=Òk.

J\ HO_, P =_\ XHH^x< fHx "<HO J~# `~"`
=# OQu K#... JC_ =## _ #tO* P `~"` `` *#O
Ok#... J#x ` LHqOK" ^+~+=` _# =O`
^<H~H=OQ, ^=# =ê B+Ô qOK@OQ x+[#=`x
Ki<#. =Q~ `= q^ _K#C_ JO^ XHH `=`
=`" ÔK `x~#O KO> Z\ ^~Òk? =Qi` XH~
ÔK\xH O^_= H"e H^! J\Q... "<HO, =<<#O, `` *#
=~# J< =_\ XHH^xx q_q_Q P~ ~=`# O^=x
< JaO. |k=O`_#"_ P =_\ h XH~ J Ò_ O~
Q~=# qz#O KQ_. Wk ^"! WO^ OÔ ^. h"qÔQ
PKiOz xOQ=O OOkOKx |^=# O`_=^=QH! JC_
$^ QO^h `=O`@ `" `Q`~.

10. H LO
N=+ =i : F ~=! D r=x H W\ O~ u ZH_ #O_ =z_O k?
J<H [# JOz#^ W@ [#~O O=Òk. Wk z~HO
x^ `Qk H^. JO^K` P`_ #_#C_, H^K#C_, u~QK#C_,
u#K#C_, q#K#C_, `K#C_, "# K#C_, xk#C_,
"x L#C_ Jx O^~ = # ~= =Q "H ^# H~ "<H
O,
692
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
=<<#O, ``*#O J< =_\ h ^ J< LO_e. ^$=@ U~_
PH~ }, qH~ }# `yO KO@ =~H " #O_ ''}=O =O\ Q#
P~OK#QH! "<`Q, }x~^= O` z`= Jz`` O O^Òk.
}=O K`#, Q~# Q~= =# k#
`k`~K`#, ` q` q` [#=K`#, = x=^ ~O
Q qk, q^#= K`#, P#[=K`# }K#O x~Ô HQ^.
xi"^=, <`= JQ P` ~ == PÔ`=O^ U~_ L#k
- J# ^~^~#O JOKK = JC_ "# =iOK@O #yQ^.
|~Y=QK# [# ^$+` OQÒ H#yOKH=@O K`#, OiH
=<~^= =Ô@ ~=@O K`# 'P`^~#*#O HQÒk. ^x K`<
"<HO _ HQÒk. D s~O, nx f~, Wk \, iy, #tOK qÔ -
iH LO_@OK` _ "# OH~ LO\~. "# q== #y
KO_Q, WH z`= =iOK@O =x"Ok. Qe gK@O Py` PHOx ô
_ qOk! } O^#" z` O^#"#^x J#<O H^!

ô Q@ #O_ ô #@ D } OK#O H~}OQ OK=#
J<H J#~ Oq<~. JO^H< UHOÒ ~x }O^#x~Ô H~H
=~ qHe Ò Ke. W+~HOQ J\ `= z~HO K
LO_Q, P` ^= `H O^`=. JOO H` ^+ U#Q =@ qO@O^?
P^` =K LîOK|_K# P L`= `= KH` z`=#
[~OK@O JO` èH # q+ O H^. U L`= `x P~OK O_ q#"
HH@O@ HO "|KO@O> J\ r=x |~^^ _ H_~.
H#H F [#~! =O_. z #_OH@O _. #_OH\ ` `j~=O_. J=~
P~Oz. J[#=" `~e "#H=@O Lz`=? H< H^.
1. J^` q^ 2. ^, =`` OQÒ 3. "< `QO
4.} O^ x~Ô... W" z`=# [~OK\xH |"# L.
F a~! D z`=# qOz# `= #O`~ =iOHn ^.
nxx i J~# su xqOK~... WO` qOz# q`_ =~H_=_ LO__.
QeH Zyi# ^= [^~K J}y=#@ KH\ K z`= jOQ
[~O|_Q^.
N~=_ : =`! ~QOK D s~=# iqO*, ZO` = Fi
HO^~ z`=# LqO*\xH u<~ H^! "~ ^= +O*,
F L=# H~}O G 693
H+`~=Q ^^ x==K =<"H WOk=# n#~KHx,

+O* z`= # `= =O K H"x L^t < ~. J\ L^ = Lz`" <? "=
_ z``=# [~OK\xH J\ ~QO P~OK=#x q Ja=?
N=+ =i : ^ ~ =Q =~^ ~ K Z< " # L =zOK|_~.
^#O, }=O, <=~}, H~ =~}, [, ^<^ - Z< x`"#
~"# L L<~. J\ YH~=, ^= JQ L# =ê,
Q = ^` = Q D Lkx +O* =O`Ò `^K ~O Q z`= # =~ K H"
#H=@O = LÔ U=O` LzÒ H^.
Z=xH<, nx =ê =` (H@H`) pH\ x `_z "#H=@O, _He
Q^` =^>#Q# xe LOK#H=@O èH# <<? z`=#, z`=#
LH~}=Q D ^=# ~z H=OQ =## sHiOK\xH 'Hx
P~OKe. ~ H =x`=Q z`= =O^ U H Z@ LyOk? Hx
=ê "O_Q, =~OQ ~O "^# =# Qe |=`~H `=
K "ix P` A '~ , "O_"~ Jx < ~. J\" ~ XH
=#O_
=~H =#, XH H= #O_ =~H H=# x<~x QOK.
"iH ^~O, qO` aOK@O^. `= _K, `k`~# @K,
=~=, |k#= JQ ~Q f#@ ~O H#y<~. J=,
^= JQ "i |k ZH_ qO OkOKH cu< O^Òk. *#|eq
H "i z`= J<H zOÒ^ "" LO\Ok. #n [O `$}= (Q_~H)
Q "i =# ~Q^Ô^ H@q\_@" [~QÒk.
JO^K`, ~OK ''<# "~, D `k`~ [# "~. P ~=` "~. ~"#\
U"< x==K` Qx <# ^==# QOK# Jx J#H=@O "^"Ô`
JO`s# Q#O _Kq x @@"#x = JaO. F q`~! q~ P"H "`
~O P~ `K q+ = Z^~`~ Qx, ~ =^$+ ~H=Q P`#= O
HH=K#x KiH K<#.

=iHO^~ P` q+ qK~}# P~OKH, H=O, [, `, f~^H
`= `=# iqÒ KO@<~. Uk ZO^ L#^ QOKH`<~.
`= ~^ "OK# P` Q"#x" `= ^$+x =~H=@O ^. eÒQ
J q+"q\ QOKO_< J~}O î`# lOHQ J<H =#H
=^` z~HO Q_"<~. *#=K P`*#= H~H ``= O^
694
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
xq`=@O =Ozk Qx, Q_Z^ K _@ Oz` ^~#=# |^
H_^x J\" iH Q~K < #. ''< J O`~= O^ ~ ^ P` =O Q
U~_ L#k. Jk ~ ^=, JYO_=, J"= J# =" Pf=#.
J\ Pf=## P~OKO_, H=O H^, =~#, PH~^ iq``
Z\? z`@Ox O_ PHe f~Q^? '`" =<iq`=@OK` |q^
^M K`#, ~Qk ^+=K`# "~ " #O_ _`Q K<~. `=
KO`< `= ~" "eq i # P` H J^ `` =# Q OK H `<~.
N~=_ : J\ ZO^ [~QÒk =s? "iH `~}"q\?
N=+ =i : "i `= '=$^ Jx < LÔ H^. J~` ^`=#
`lOK #O`HO XHC_ ~=#, =~HC_ #~H=# O^=# JQÒ
U~_K< LO@Ok. ''Jx`=, ~ #~H =Q= xq`" `<``#=
O^k J~#\ D ^ O <# H^. < ~, == ^ =HO> qH} "# q
J# P`*#O P~ Jx ~Q` "@O`@ J" `Q`~. JO^K` ^ `=#
q_K K, *# ^$+` "i"i `= x~iOK^~ QH! J\" i Q J"["#
= K` i^. =$u~`=, ~H, ~ OH qH= P= L#k, Oq`
Jx K|_K#k JQ P``` =# îOKe. JO^ ^Ô` K P
[, `, f~k, `= x~ $^ =~# ~=# `H Hi~.
JO^K`... è|_^x #O_ 'èq H `H#K# ^x"Q,
O"^= #O_ Oq` "Q, k``" (Creation) #O_k``` (Creator)
"Q ^ ~QqOK^~ QH!
H|\ ~=! P`#"~" H=H=OQ ~^+ ^$+ =ê"=. ^
Oq`# P~OK. g`~Q_" L#K@< ` _=, _ = , P`#= =x`_=
H=. D OiH ~Q`x\H ~`#O J^!
*#"<= Y"<! *#"<= r=u! I
*#"<= |"<! `` *#== II
D OKO *#=O`_ d<_. *#=O`x rq`" O O^Òk.
*#=O`_ |=x`_ _! JO^K` h= *#=_= H=.
=`, ~=KO^! q+=iÒ, ~`=O, J<k, H< ~Ò, xiH~O
J~#\ 'Oq` ^= # h= P~ LO_. H<=i` _=Q=. $^ H=#
F L=# H~}O G 695
O`_" `_= H=. |=# =kO^ OqOK. =~ =`#

HO (=k #O_ |_e#C_) ==` # |@ xO", P
^z`=Q H# x~i LO_. =#O W\=~ KC#\ r=#x
Q}O^# OìOK#"_" JH~ $` ^=# OkO_=.

11. *#"<= |"<

N=+=i : Z=~<~.... H~< qK~} K `# z`=# HOK"<
xQOKQey`< `= rq`=# HO`< O K#@. qK~} J< H="#
H=$HO~O $^ O iOzO^ Jk `~ J QO K` H=OQ J#O`
MÒ HQ^. xO_ ~# , K OQ< =z P~~
KK"? HOKO _qK~} Q "~Q`_Q =#=x ==, ^==, ^,
^H}=, =, uH= - "^# ^Q}= OQ =z P~~.
L`= qK~=O`, ^~=Q P`` =# QOK"~ JQ |k=O`,
=h D q ZO^~ L<~. J\ *## |^=x =~ Q
=^~= _ U=Ò aO*=. 'P`H`~= J# =H
^~#=# OkOK# P =h# WH_ OzH O@#Qx, =#H
=$`Qx, s~H =#H =^Qh gOK=. "~ `=# `k`~#
_ ~f`"#\ UHH P`==Q î LO\~.

""Q=` _# H "=# gk P_O@# z#

`= _H ` @HQ~? =Q PHO OÒQ Ht# KOâO|=#
@Hx `= \H |OkOKQ~? S^-P~ ^= XH K\H*i =^Q[=#
x~kOKQ"? Hx z~H XH> HO_z=# kQqOQQ"? *=Q P`
== # Q Oz# q"H D O K=# OKi# \H, WH_ ^~= , WOk
QKiOK =*^, O~ [# Ja^ P`xx PHiOK=. K`x
K=. PÀx PHiOKQ =qH_=#k? P`#==# qOz#^=#k?
F ~=KO^! ^~ qK~}x D q+ `= W> xiOz"<~. WH
"gzHK ZO_\ ZQ~K#@ P`_ O~ Ô J@ W@ D_
|_K<_. Hh _q"HO Q"xx D ~Qk =$` O_ kOK=.
Q "o "~~`x UOK~? J^$_"# qK~} Q"xx HO^ q^
696
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
K\xH O@#, Hk\ zO` K. J" q+ qK~x
=Oy@ "e#C_, P`x *#|x K_Q< ~Q=-^+= "IIq `H
=_<~. Jq Z@H #O z`yOK=O^!
Z=_` xk#C_, "x L#C_, ~x L#C_, #_KK#C_
P` qK~`_ LO@<_... P`x z`= JiH_ ^~OQ LO_, D
=* [Q`# OÒQ Q=xOk. J\QO_ =*O "tOz
~Q^K i`_"_ =$`x` =#"#x *# JaO. F ~=!
h= ~^ J=$` ~_" LO_^=QH!
''H" WÔ` [Q`? HO` ^"? - W`xO < I
qK~` J^`^$, O ", [< II
''D OK"q\? D ^"q\? Jx x~O`~O =~ =~ J^`^$+`
`# `#Q<, H [#` _ qK~} K LO_e. nO "eyOKQ<
Qk L# ==h +OQ Hx~ H^! '"^= J< pH\ x #tO*Q
qK~}K L`= q"HO O k. JC_ [Q` Uq\, U" L#^, UqH`#^...
JO` +=Òk.
*<# ~^M<O q< L*` I
H$`Hq# `=q= #< II
~_ L^~OKQ< pH\ \OKÒk KK"? *#OK ~^M
OH~~. KO^ H=K [QÒ` O`==QK#@, *#= =$`=Q
KO_Q *O OQ, ~suQ QOK|_K, $^HO P^=O
HQ^.
F ~ "! q K~}K~. J\ q K~} h |`` =# Z~Q* Q^.
*= `\ Ja#Ò kOK^ *#O. qK~}K [xOK ~"`==Q
J=Q## qA '*#O Jx <~. H`y#C_ =` =Ok KK"?
=H *#O OkOz#C_ =Q * _ LO\_. '* O JO>- =O, x~O
JQ |". OiH *O (That which is being Known while in wordly ignorance)
*#=~#K OQ Jq^~Ò JQK#k. *#=O`_ ^x O^#
OQO HH OQ^+ ~ `_, r=#_ ~= <~^ _ =_`~_ LO\_.

~=KO^! *# =x`_#"_ =^~^#O^Qx, q+Q=O^Qx,
O^~ =x`k |=O^Qx, #$`, =^~ w`Ô^Qx `# zÒ QOK_.
F L=# H~}O G 697
H~ |= `# H_. Jq P`x Kqx H=. q+=O^, =# H_O^

u Hey LO__. O =~q O^ PH LO@O^? HiH =O
YO_=# Kz#C_ <~~^ H^! P`K i`$_#"xH OzH ^~=#
Kz#O`=ÒK` , " @=. P`xH ''=, ~, KO^, #H`, ",
~^ - "^# #=O^ Qx, =O^~ Hk ~` ^=O^ Qx,
HH"# HO^ Qx, =~~`=}H^ O^Qx, ~O T~t "^# ^=`
^ O^~=O^ Qx PH LO_^. Jq Z^~_#C_ JHOK_,
^+OK_. `# P` ^$+x, =#^#=# g__. `# `=# Kz#C_ _
JK_, i~z`_, =x J~ LO\_.
"^q`_Q q# =^ "# u LO@O^? LO_^ H^!
P` *xQ =h_ =O^ =|kx Hey LO\_.
+=O^, Ò^, KO^# JQ~ H~~ Hi =OQk QO^=K
P`_ `Hi` _ H_. =^ Q_Q _ |= ~, PHO [xOK u^ #,
OQ~#, `= s x<^=, _=~H |=, H~H~~=Q ^#+OH~
P`*xx HOKO_ cu*=. U#Q OH~, ` H, K,
~H^ <^ P`xx KeO*=. _Q |=KQx, ~`=
q@H=KQx, }, =[`=KQx P`x J#H}H=Q ~#==
H`_^. O ~}, fHY_ K^# ", f= ^*= P`x x
P`#=O =O^ x+[#" J=`~. =#"\HO^ Qx, =~qO^
Qx, [# =O L#C_Qx, J<H=Ok q#=Q [# =^
K#C_ Qx, u~~, ~~= JOkOK|_K#C_ Qx... P`xH
P#O^=, ^Y= - ~O_ LO_=.
xCH}H =O\ WH Z_~ J_Q "#C_Qx, =$^"# zH
| z~Q J#q#C_ Qx, Y_ ~=O^ Qx, Y O^
Qx, Z`# ~ `= OK~O K # C_Qx, `# =O^ LO_= =z#C_
Qx P`_ XH f~Q< LO\_. O^, P^ =#C_, `#C_ P`xH
= Qx, P#O^= Qx LO_^. ` ~= "#"_, P ~x HO^
` ==K =YO `_KO@ qOu J#q_ KK"? P *#=x`
$^_ ~" JO`~Y_ J\ qOu, P#O^=# Pk LO\_.
cu, "`, Q~=Qx, ^~, J^~= Qx x"_ =_, z`_ JH$u=
=Q ~ == =Oz LO\_.

698
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
F ~=KO^! *x H ~ =`== QiOz =#O ZO` KC<
` ". P`_ Jq`=, J^ =, Q==K `_ ~ #=~ L# P~=#
_ =$#== P~yOKQ_. `#H 'JH` J# |OK` ~zH~, J~zH~
^~=# Pk#C_ =z`_ LO_Q_. `$}= H= Z=H
~H= "^#q K#C_ _ P`_ O`+_, H$^_ H_. ~Q
_ P`xH |^=_ Hx_.
rq` ~~O ^`~OK UH~ I
^$ ^ =^~ e< iu II
r=~, r=^` D Wîh P`_ # =^~=` _# UH^$+`
gHOKQ_. n~HO LO_ ^=` s~=O^Qx, JH=Q D =#=
s~=O^ Qx, D ~O_\ H O|OkOz# Q JQ, ~=} J~=}=
O^Qx P`_ ~=Ò =Oz LO\_. "\K P`xH O`+= Qx, ^YO
Qx HQ=. ..."^=Q P`# Ziy LO_@K P`x z`= ~Q~`" LO@Ok.
D [Q` H uO^ P`xH U=Ò PH LO_^. 'WH_ q+=h q^
H^?... J# xO Hey LO\_. WOk= q+u H P=HÒ
HQ*H, xtO` |kK q LO\_.

<< ~=! zQ# H~ KK"? `` A_ Hx"xx... P`
O^ qOu O^x "xx... ~u Z~Qx"xx D WOk= H|oOz
"<~. WH P`_ "<`~OQ=K K@|_ O~=Ô H@=K
J<H "^#, ~^# Z^~O@<_. WOk=< " P`xx Q@#
qOQ\xH ^_K<~. ''JO^H, =#=_ qK~}`_ H"e Jx D
L=# H~} qH =~ =~ Q~K<#. [ "O ~`=#
HeOK Q^? qK~`_, =^=# u Hey PÒ^ qOu Ok#
|kx OkOK# "xx WH_ H#|_ qH= Uq K =. ~ OH=
=O`~=Q ~=^=# qqOK"~, P` ^ Ok#"~ ^#. "iH
~*k~[Ò _ `$}" J=Òk. Z=i z`" ` ~" , q $`" , P`H~O
Ok LO@O^ J\ "iH D [Q` TiH z=~ L# tk Q$O =O\k. "iH
H}HO J#O` H= _ XH> J=`~. "~ ~^ =Ò =Oz
LO@<~. D OK=O`\ h 'Oq<`=Q ZOKK<~. nxx ~ HQ
P`Q< K< ~. JO^K` ~ [Q#^ O L#\H Un O^@O ^ . H=@O
^. *# q~O K<~.
F L=# H~}O G 699
Oq<ì< [Q` =#~

HOO? HO L^"? W ``qÔ =`"II
D [Q^ O[=~O` Oq` H O^#" H^! JO^K` ``"`
WO^ Q OK`y #^=O@Ok? `lOK`Q ^ = #k? Z~Q|_K#Ô` Oq<`=Q
Z~QK#^x< LO_Q Jk =^@"q\? @H=@"q\? H#H ~=! h=
~ = q_z@.
J*# r= Ja+`=QK# =~=# q+` q+*`=O` `Àx
^$+ <H==O\k =`". `# =Ò ~^ Oq`~_ ~^ ~`
U~_ LO@<_.
P^=<K <, =~=<- ` K
HOz`=O ^$ ` Oq^ = II
U^< XH == "^\# z=~# O_ =~=#O =Ò HkHO
QKiO^#H! ^xH LxH Oq` H = =`" J~ L#k. J^xH
`^"# ` #> JQK#k. D [Q`x Pq K#C_ W\ ^$_
xO Hey LO_. "==O^ K# |kH qQ=# i`lOK.
xOQ_=, H~_=, Oq<`_= J~ LO_, "f`_=Q=.
F ~=KO^! Z^~Q L# D s~O, =#, |k, WOk< LH~ } =#
LyOz H~ K~. ^... =k =Oz H~# `lOK. OQ^+~`_"
LO> P L ` x# JO@*=. JOQ|kK =# ^~ LH~ } =`=Q
D J===` ==iOK"... WH =<~^^, Y^Y^ x# qOK
<< =.
Q` OQ=< ^$ #, # u
U`^# z``` < J#` II
OQ=x =# H"_ HO\` K#\H K_x"_ J=`_. XH
z# ^$O`~ K`#. =#, =# ^ =~H_ L<#H. JC_ =#O
@ `# XH =H<, "#=< H` K<... K_x "~" J=`=
H^! z# "_#O_ ^ "=~ W\k J#`=QK# q+"! J#==
^$+ Hey#C_ Z^~Q L#k K_x"~" JQK#@ OQ= O_
WOk=` H x~iOz< _... x~iOKx "_" J=`=.
H|\ JOQ K`_ (One who has no attachment) JQ =#A_ Kz<
K_x "_! qx<... q#x "_! `K<... `Hx "_! "# K<... K_x
700
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
"_! H`~z<.. `~=x "_! =<.. =x "_! WO\ P_O@
H iO` @K #\H WO\# ^ ZH_ LO>, P |= Kq# _ K#\H
P`_q q#H=@O aOîH iK"# q+" H^! P` ^ Hey
P suQ WOk=# LyOK@O, WH WOk q+= P`#
"tO*O_@O JOK ^"!
'OQ= JO> Uq\? Ja+ - Jax"= H^!
OQH~}" J~<", OQ O~H~}" I
OQ H~}" P<", OQ H~}" P^" II
F ~=! OQ" ~ ^~= H~}O. O~=# _ `=^.
= P, P^ J^ =O. OQ= =^Qey` "H" aO^!
OQ= `lOz# =~H}O ''<# [xOK"_#. Hi+_#. =~}OK"_# J#
J==h `y`~. H#H h= ~ ^~=O^ OQ=# =ê
r=#_= H=.
N~=_ : ~ O=# x=$uO*Q ^~! D ~A =# O"^=
=yOK=O^Q ... 'OQ= J#Q Uq\ OHOQ q=iOK ~#.
N=+=i :
"" ^~<" ~=~qH~` I
=e< "< OQ Wu H^` II
^~= OQ qQ=O^ (Jq a#C_ `QK#C_)
~ H= HQK<~ H^! ZO^ HQK<~? JO`~OQO LO_ -
''Wk < KOk#k. <# nxH KOk#"_#. Jq < KOê. Wq < `Qe -
W@=O\ ~=` U~_ =e# "# =! J\ =e# "# 'OQ= Jx
x~zOK|_Ok. r=# ~^ Z\ OQ= O_< D q OKi<~.
"i s~= LO_ O~O H "# ^"# Jx JO\O. ZO^HO> "i
"#H ~O_ =Y"# H} LO\~-
1. Jk ~ H q=i`" LO@Ok. 2. ^xO^ #~# `= LO_=.
~|H ~Ò =`" LO_ ^ "# 'JOQ=` =#O J=Òk.
J\ JOQ= H ^"#K x~iOK|_ H~ |O^=# HeyO*^.
WH O~Q =_z` OQ= QiOz K`# q#. "i "#
~ H=` _ LO\~. "#` [# rqOK@K =iHx "#
F L=# H~}O G 701
P "# #O_ =~ #~# D qÔQ LO@Ok. "i `ÒQO. #~#

H~}= HQ"# 'OQ= Jx K|_Òk. J\ "#` K|_ H~h
z=iH |O^= H~H JQK<~. JO^K` ~~=! P` qH~= HQ*#
"< ~=~#\ OQ=# h= `lOz"~. ~^ _"O_=.
JC_ H~ K#\H, [O LO_ H=OQ, "\K h= $tO|_H
LO\=. H~ x~i#C_, ''<# U ^$+` D D H~ K<#? Jx h
h" tOKH! ^$+x ^ ~KH#@K... ''<# H~f`_#. JH~#. ^=Q P`
~_#. xOQ_# Jx QOKQ=. J@ QOz# `~"` x~iO|_
H~h JOQ" J=`~. ~=~ q^=K "~= O^H, ~Q
H^= x"_" LO>, h= W\HC_ JOQ_"`=. ^Y=KQx O^H,
Y=K #` O^H, P==HH, ~q+=# `lOz#"_" LO><
JOQ_=~#@ =!
H==~= L#C_, Y ^Mk ^ O^==#C_
h= |= `\ UH`= `lOKH=@" JOQ=# Q~.
ZC_` h z`= P` O"^=` _ LO@O^, Z~Q|_# |=Q<
~^ +Oz LO@O^ JC_k ~ OQ=# JkQqOz#>. J@, ^
=# H# PKi#\H JOQ_". WO^ OÔ ^.
J<OQ, JH$u=OQ K ~ JOQ` " r=#x '~ u J~ L#k.
F ^~n! h= J^x< P~OK. _", g`~Q_", =x", WOk=#
xQOz#"_", L`= *x", P~_", =#=^=`~~`_" LO_=. =#O
^ ^ KCO@# r=# ==# OìOKH. O`~`_" LO_.
Q qH^ H~}OHQ = =Ô h K@ K~=KQH! H,
XHH> `Q` LO_QH! "\` hHq O|OÔ? h= *x", =z`_" LO>,
"\ = x<q K=. Jn# =_" h xqOK|_# P
^~=# "\ [ OHq` =# |\ Z\HC_ x~iOK. J#"g
PKiOKx "_=, zOKx "_= H=. J~#\H ~=# JH~" LO_.
a+, Hax"= O_< *x "u`=, H$` H==# J#iOz
`# q^ # x~i < _. J\ x~i < Ò^ H_O KK# J<H L^~}
=#O KC<O. WOH KCH`<O.
~Q zH|_#\H `# `^#O HÒ^?... ==uQ *x `#
H ~^ ==Q = ^= O` H~ O`+ =^~#=#
702
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
Z#\H g__. P`xH KH=i ^q aOKQH! HqH@H L^ aOKQH!
JH`Q WO^ ^q OKQH! |^=x ^q =z ``@QH! JO^
P`xH O`+OK=#kQx, ^dOK=#kQx Un HxOK^ . #q<\ ~Ò`
KO^_ XH suQ Ht_ KK"? P`_ _ P Jx Ò^ UH
~OQ< LO\_. F ~=! $ÔOz ~ H^, ^=#, `k`~
`H~=# |@ ~è"=.
JOu= ~~" # \ '"H= J# H~=#O^ =`" u+` _=, `` ~_=
J~ LO_=. "#h H~OKQH!
h |k ^" P` ^=# JOkO*#^ LO_QH! Jq^#, ``~=#
^Q" #~@ =~= Q QH! J\ |kK x~u ~= #O^=# O` _=^=
QH!
JC_ [## =~}k |O^=K h= iq`_= H=. ~^ Jiq`_"
LO\=. J\ P` `*=i"# h= ~ =O^h_"`=.

(14= ~A qK~} i J~Ok).

L=# H~}O =O
|~}= - H H}=
FO ```

ISBN 93-83972-14-2 (Set)
Vasishta Rama Samvadam : Vol 2 ISBN 93-83972-11-1 1000/- (set)

i
N =+ ~= O"^=
(N"bH =i }` Q"+=)
=_= O@O
x~} H~}=
J#$[#:
". K. ~=H$+
~=H$+ =~O
^=Q_, ^~^500 029
ii
Published by
Adhyaksha
Ramakrishna Math

All rights reserved
I - 1M - 08 -2010
12026
12028 (Set)
Printed at :
Bound at
iii
"tH
JYO_ ~=}Ox z=i H~}O J~# x~} H~}OH WC_
"t<O. P~ H~}H H OM~OQ Wk ^^=@"H^ WO^ KiOz#
JOO _ QOc~"#k. "^\ H~} KiOz# JO H "#"`, WO^
KiOz# q+ O H `~O , Hu H O Jx ~#= LO@Ok. x*xH JxO\
KiOz# q+O XH> S#\H U ~#Oz, U qH#Oz, U H}O #Oz q+x
q+<O J# ^x |\ KiOz# JOO qa#OQ =H==Òk.
D OK =O` L^= ~`", JYO_H ~", x~", t=
=#~", xiH~"#\ O`=Q | J~L#k JO@Ok D H~}O. Wk
H =O =# H^. ~= ` O. =# J#= =`# [Q` Jq^~O. J*# [xÒ.
|xH "~# `xk. H=# D H~}O #Oz =#, ^+ ^~# ^$ u\x
k Oz, a#Ò UH`x îOz, UH` ~OQ qye=O^x = ` L^^= .
"=, " O^# UqÔQ "~H" J^su# K`#O ^ z` =i
q+ [Q` "~ H=. z` O^< [Q`.
K`<xH "~Q Ug ^x, WOk, "\H Jk#"# =#, =<He`"#
q+ OKO` ~O |==x D H~}O #Oz *x Q_. Ô
JO^x z` ~O_ "~ H=# =O Hey# ^_ |"x O^`_. x~}
Mx J#q _ . ~ O z#=x Q Oz# =H H "~ `_, ^ ^ $ + g_#"_
UH`#=O Ok H"#O^ ~_Q x_.
x~} H~}O K# q+x OQ QOKO> =O^ H~}
~# q+ x J=QÒ K x LO_e. Lù, u H~ } ^$q~"xH =i
^$#uH H~} kOK~ Jx J##>` x~} H~}O =Ô #O_
L^qOK `~OQ UqÔQ =^xH a#O H" J^qÔQ ^$[Q` _ z^Ô
H^x L^\ Ok. =<xi`"# = OKO =#` z` H. zk".
zÔ`~`". z^". z#". z`~} Jx `Òk. S` [Q` zâ#O
S#C_ ~+ Ò K@O, "Hx O^@O Jh JOQ` H" JO> =#
WOkQK~ [Q` O|OkOz# Z~H L#O` P Z~H `Q =~ Ò
K eO^. JO> "^\ H~ } K # qK~} J< ~+ `x J#+O z =##
i^ "#~# l*= =`" D H~}O ~# H=^ `x J#=
"#~HQ_. J HO_ WO^x L` $+ =## Ji^ =#_H k
q~ÔQ, qsÒQ J~OK< =^=Ok. JO^=# O ~# q+x
JO^ ~# H=O< K^"e.
- H
iv
q+ zH
VI. x~} H
~ } O (~~O ) ... 1
I. H~} iKO ... 3
k#= ~A 1.J=H P` ~O...3 2.xk x^xQ K_e...7
3."H...9 4.J=O #O_ <xH...10 5."O Z\ `Q
Òk?...11 6.J*<O^H~ q`...15 7.Jq^ O=O...18 8.H~
Jq^H~} Jq^...20 9.JqK~}=O^=zH`...24 10.H~= =
*#=# J_ H=...28 11.q"H s x<Ô...30 12.P`*x H
O<Ô...34 13.P`#u~...39
II. } x~^ Q^= O_ M#O ... 41
1.Q^# *#=...41 2.=+ O_ =Q=O...43 3.O_x
[#=$ÒÒ...45 4.xi_#J"_#...47 5.^~}K =
HÒ...50 6.n~ $+ K=`~O...52 7.z` qz` O@#...54
8.KOK~Ò J=$`Ò...56 9.}"Q` L#...59 10.~KH
~HOH= : }#= Lù #=...64 11.}#
= =^#O...71 12.g_...74 13.^=O = =`"...75
14.OH==O= Ô...82 15.JOH~=# Z^~<k Z\?...84
III. ^=`~# (N O|t= =+ O"^=) ... 89
1.J~#x~K#O...89 2.~= =z`...95 3.z`: [_K`# qQ=
...99 4.z`H q<Oq=Ò...100 5.K`#O ~^ ~` ^`Ô
...102 6.J*#= H K=`~O!...107 7.JiqÒ iq`=?...112
8.OH ~Ò...115 9.K`#= q=...117 10.x*` Q"#_...
121 11.` ~`< #=...124 12.z^` H ^~# ^~#=...126
13.[ JO`~[...128 14.Pà+HO...132 15.J#O` ~
=# JÒ PkOK@=?...137 16.Jq^#O_...q^ !...139
17.Q~=...143 18.[Q` =O =#!...144 19.^$+ $+...148
20.J#H}H *=O...151 21.H<[Q` r=@~...154
IV. aO t =$Q`$+ L=< ... 158
^~= ~A 1.a L=#O...158 2.ttet=...161 3.WH
^"H_k?...166 4.~#O^ ~Ò...170 5.P` ~^ x~"!...
v
173 6.s~=H ~HH...176 7.= `QO> *<Ô

H"e...180 8.Jq^H P##...182 9.[# [<O`~=...184
10."H `` =...186
V. NH$~# O"Ô ... 190
1.J<H QO...190 2.P` [##=~} =...191 3.H~ ~O...193
4.~~=...197 5.<# ~^ JH~#...199 6.P`~}O...200 7.
JH=Hq...203 8.^ ^= "#...205 9."<HO
P`#=O...207 10.^~ x~u...210 11.=<H#...211 12.JÔ
H^ ^"...213 13.<~` _# `=...215 14.P`H
H $ ` x O...216 15.r=# x ~ = H } =...219
16.HO~~}O...221
VI. r=_ ~O~ ... 225
1.^$ ÔÒ...225 2.O WOHH O...230 3.~[O
~^_...235 4.qq^ L^ ="O...239 5.^$ =$u ^$ x~$u...
242 6.Q}uÒ...244 7.OHe` ^=...245 8."=`Q n~
#O...249 k_= ~A9.H; Ô` J<+}...251 10.|H
u^#...254 11.~= xOH u...257 12.=# ^~}...259 13.}
=<OQO...263 14.q^=H =#=...266
VII. ` ... 272
1.P~ ...272 2.~=`=...280
VIII. w ~^ Ò ... 281
1.Nu`w~^ O"Ô...281 2.~ i`QO...286 3.# \a+HO
QOQ=`~}O...289
IX. K_M#O ("H x~K#O) ... 292
1.td^[ ~[#...292 2.P^` = H P=H`...294 3.P`
Ô HeyOK" J#~}!...296 4.`#O^ `< L# P``...298
5.x~O` ~O...299 6.K_ H qK~}...301 7.+=<_
...306 8."# L^...310 9.Pk"^...314 10.Pk "^
L=<...318 11.Q...320 12.K`# [_= ~~
`Ò...322 13.Jy jÒ! q*#O (H) [ #O_ [_ ==~O!...324
14.z` [_i}= K=`~O...327 15.^# L#...332 16.O_ex
J+^ *#^# H=O...333 17."uHk zeQ= HO îHk
vi
zO`=}...338 18.td^[ =#"O...342 19.K_ td^[ #

^~#O...346 20.Y ^M^h OHe` =`=!...349 21.\ H
@O [##O...357 ^xq^== ~A 22.H *#=...359 23.=}
^_ QA=}...364 24.ÒKx _ =~ zH# U#Q...367
25.XH |OÔ #O_ =~H |OÔH...370 26.*#= H~ `QO...373
27. ~ `Q = O> = `Q = ?...375 28.=# # Jk Q q OK @ "
''~`QO...381 29.|=HH =iOHH_ U W`~"#n ^...386
30.'JOH~O J<k XH = =`"...395 31.|= ^`ÔQ LO_
WH _ q<k O k!...400 32. =# H J =#...405 33.z` = < k
^!...409 34.D [Q` |=...415 35.^$= ^+# iqÒ K^
...418 36.`~OQh ["! z`=h z`!...422 37.|+ "H =##O
...429 38.O #~Q=#O...431 39.H OK~O...435 40.xux
eOK@" LzÒ!...436 41.^~ =i O...440 42.QO^~ q"O
...444 43.WO^x P#O...446 44.`k sH...449 45.K_ td^[
=Q=O...453 46.# ~[ "O...460
X. |$u HK O"Ô ... 461
1.~ `QO JO> Uq\?...461
XI. q^ ~+_ ... 467
1.PHx ^~KH=@"\?...467 2.JOH~" P q^ ~+_!...469
3.JOH~= P` J#"#k H^...472
XII. j t= $Ow~ O"Ô (=H~ =H =`y) ... 476
1.r=#H H } =...476 2.= H ~ . ..477 3.= H . ..479
4.=`y...481 5.z` = u...483
XIII. =# WH O"^= (< <=~!) ... 485
1.D HxOKÔ` Uq\!...485 2.HOQ HO^ a_# @Hx T~O` "uHz
#@!...487 3.[Q` z` ^~}Ox uaO|= =`"...490 4.'J"
#O_ 'J#"...492 5.z^#O^=# OìOKH...496 6.r=#H
=Ò...498 7.r=#_ =u...500 8.=_ J= `sO
...502 9.`s=# LO...506 10.qH "O...508 11.[#
[<O`~ Ò...513 12.L`~`~ qH O}O...514 13.WK#
JkQqOKe...517
XIV. N "bH =i =K#O ... 521
vii
1.P`=H#O...521 2.P`#O^ Q~O...532 3.~=#O^ Q~O...540

4.u...545
x~} H ~ } O (L`~ ~O ) ... 549
I . H~} iK= ... 551
1.OH~`=...551 2.'QO JO> Uq\?...555 3.H~ JO>
Uq\...556 4.H~ `Q=...562 5.JO`" O~O...568 6.uuH...572
II. N O_ - q^^~ O"^= ... 576
1.|~"# 18 ==...576 2.WOk= ^~H=}O...578 3.^$=#
=ê - ^$H# @H"e...583 4.<# - h= "^#q LO_*=!...587
5.O`~ z^_...589 6.h" P |== (`` =)...591 7.`@
==` [Q^~#O...594 8.JO== He` =`"!...596 9.KOK
=# [Q` H ~O...599 10.^+ ^$ [Q` ~K~`...602
11.WO^ - `~} <O...604 12.P`H`~ ~OÒ ^$O LO\Ok
...606 13.WO^`~} < ~OO...610 14.JO`H~} k...613
15.|*<y *...615 16.Qe Zy~ [Q` ^kO* ...617
17.=+ ~ q~\ ~+_ - =+...623 18.=+ - q~@ XH>!...627
19.*x - *#|O^=...631 20.*xH x~K#O...632 21.r"`
~=`!...634 22.JOH~` - ^`...638 23.*x - J*x - "i
==~ q...641
III. N =+ - =OH O"^= ... 644
1.H^= @K# |^~ @i...644 2.O~ O[~O...650
3.U^` ` HO\O^ - Jk è|_=#k!...653 4.="
[Q`...660 5.=## JkQqOK@O Z\?...665 8."<HO H
P=H`...673 9."uÒ H~ - JOQ~H x~}...677 10.P`
J"V#QK~O...680 11.=#=O^~= Jkf`~"!...682
12.''J#" U= =H...686 13.J#O` ~O J ^$ qQO...670
14.`` A` OQÒ - qK~}...696 15.~H"k - W= zH`
...700 16.^$+ $+...705 17.OK` - OK~` JYO_H ^$+
...712 18.WK *_O...716 19.WKH LOu...722 20.|^_ -
J|^_...726 21.[Q` ~=` ~O...733 22.~~Q z^`
...739 23.[QÔu...744 24.q"H=K ``_Q ~=`~^#...747
25.'JOu #O_ qOuH...754 26.=# - ^~=...760
viii
VII. =<=$Q qOu ... 765

1.=k =$H= - K\ h_...765 2.=< =$Q=...767 3.^#=.....
L`~`~ `...769 4.|=#O^ qOu - L...774 5.J#~H
#O_ =kH...777 6.=== - "@"^\ "@...780 7.D~_
ZH _ <_ ?...785 8.q" H H ^ ~ #O-=##O-J# = O...790
9.J##O...793 10."# - `~Q`...798 11.D [Q` Lù ~`=
- q^ - x~H~ = ...801 12. $ + - =...807 13.=
HO`=...811 14.| `" - [Q` q^...815 15.[=O^ ^=Ò
- |=#O^ [Q^Ò...818 16.[Q` ~O J#`#O...821

F x~} H~}O G 1
~<^ <^ ` ` #=
N =+ ~= O"^=
VI. x~} H~}O
(~~O )
2
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
F x~} H~}O G 3
k#= ~A
I. H~} iKO
1. J=H P` ~O
~ Q"#_ `# H~} *=# H= iO*@O`
L^~O"#k. ~=H }^ =i =+"i P=O "tOz =ix
Q`~HOQ P=O#O_ OQ}=# ~^= `_x =K~.
^suQ ~O"Ok.
N =+ =i : P`#O^ ~Q `~! HH }, z~^~ OH~_
=Q F ~=KO^! D ~A #O_ =#O x~}= QiOz# O"Ô "t<O.
F ~=KO^! == ==~O "^Q =#O J<H q+ KCH=@O
[iyOk. H=OQ h= h z` qOQx $^=< O[~O LOz =~KO@
<= H^? <<! O HiOK@C_, JO^x [Qx =ê ~"
QOk H^! J\Q =# D n~ O"^=x JOQ`"#k, ^~^"#k
U^< LO>..Jk q_z, ~x *Q`Q Q<=x <##O@<#.
1. "<HO, 2.=< <#O, 3. } x~Ô, 4. *<O...
D <ey\ QiOz J<H q =#O L=# qQO KC<O.
"\#x\h h= KHQ |k` ijeOz, J#QqOKe. D Ô J#i h=
|^_= H=. J\ QO_, ^, @^, `= P~OKH, H=O
kQ_`< ...H WOk q+ =#`< ~A Q_ LO> ...qO^~`
tY~O #O_ J=H U#Q `#"#@ D r=x J^`#O Jx"~O. =# D
O"^=x JO`s# ~x Q , `= `= ^# # H#yOKO@ LO_=x
~[# =~Hi Q~ K<#. ^, J=Q# OOkOKHH_,
@i pH\ _ @K XH J_q z#@, D r=_ D O~~}O zH=
=O^x Ki<#.
F ~=! OQ~`_" ^=# H==~=# PKiOK@
G ÔÒ. nxx h= QOz L^~z`_=Q=.
4
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
WO`=~ L=#= QiOz# qQO z@ z=i=~ =#O KCH#
q+x QOc~~O *HO LOKO@<= H^!
WC_H ` k kOKQ =iHx q KCH`<O. J~`,
J"~ Q# x~O`~O J=~O@ LO_=O^. `^~ `` zO`# ~ ~ O
O^Òk. `` O KHQ QOK@OK` ^~^"# "<"O |#_Òk.
JC_ H~`"# '``Ô `H aOk. =# D =~=# O"Ô JO^
`H HiOKQ^. JO^K` gg G=z`"#, P"z`"# J
KHQ x~i LO_O_.
^HH~}=K iK^"O^*x |" D [Q` ~OQ "
K#k. J~`, K=`~OQ ^ ` Oux =Ò HQ*Ok. xi+", =",
O`="#\ |"H> L#k. WH_ J#`xH `"^. D q+O ^ ^
x~OK<O. x~OKH`<O _!
WH JOH~=O\"... J^xx x ^xQ< K_. D e Hk | ~ O`~O
(~Q #O_, |^=x =~) OÒQ ~s~=# iOz L#
P`# îOKQQ@" ''J~H#=O. x*xH z`= Qx, Jq^ Qx =#
Qx, r=_ Qx <=. W=h P |=#O^ U~~K|_K# H# =`".
Q=, J^x @ U~_ =$`, PH, J#=O W=h _ =Ôx
`~OQQ |=< L^q<~. ~` H=#, `
=~=#q+`#, |^=x#, O= _... P ~|"H>
*[=#OQ HtOKK#k. ^xH a#"#Ô@ Un ^. Q`[=
#, |O^ q` ==~=O^, `k`~ ~ L^ # PÔ`~ `" q[$Oa
Ok P`.
J*# = L#O`=~ [O `~OQ=#Q '[Q` H# J< z`=
H kf P=$u LO_< LO\Ok.
''<# ^ =#, D ^$=O` x[" J~ L#k, Wk <#, Jq <q ...W@=O\
H#, =`=H= L<O> =<KOK= U~_K#>! r=_ [#
k+ k"H OQÒ ^~ ~Ò OìOKH#O` =~ zÒ hKÒ
O^`< LO@Ok. ~=^~#O ^~ qOux |#~KO> Qx `#
~"q\ D r=# J~O H^, `K^ _! J*#O J< Q_`#O =#
"O, "O =# =~Ò, =~Ò ^~ q+ P, q+"# =z
_ `#C_ =i r=_ L# P~OKe H^? $^ =#O P ^~O Ô
x~O`~O L|Ò> 'P`qK~} J< KH~O Z\ "t O k? Q=# PtOK@O
F x~} H~}O G 5
H P, =zÒ OOkOKHH` D r=x _O K `Q ^\? `$+# [~Oz

j` =#_ HH` D r=xH ~ Ô q#|_^\? J=<, H^?
N ~=_: B# =s! J~`, 'zÒ J#|_k J< z J L`#O HO_^\ ?
N =+ =i: D Z^~Q HO\H H#|_ ==# ''xqQ, Ju ^Q~Q J#=
= D ^=# ''=Q LH~} =ÒQ K_Qey# <_ r=xH zÒ
L`#" HO_Q^. '<# @H K= =^ W~# XH J r=_# J<
~O =` @ `k`~ JOMH = H~}=QK# '[Q` J#|_k
JO`~OQO OuOK@" Jx\ H< Ju =Y"# LO. JO^ =}=##
xk-^# ^~ $Ô P` HìOK@"H> =~O. q^= HeyOK
J*#O OuOz '~=~^~#O J< ~_ L^~ zÒ ^#O`@ J^ ZO_\
= < ~Òk. xC _ <~ = O_Òk.
N~=_ : =`! =` _ 'zÒ LO@O^?
N =+ =i : LO@Ok. J~` =Ô X_# h~ ZO_# K@ h\ *_ Hx
~ KK"! J\ ~ =`" LO@Ok. ZO^HO> =` zÒ ~~^ ~ #O`
_Hx LO@Ok. r=#H" LO@Ok. ^`==Q@K <=H =`" J~
LO@Ok. "i "# `=" LO_@O K` "ik z`= Jx JxOKH^.
'=~= J# ~z` _# P `` A J=#! "~ H `+ D O KO
OKi LO\~. ^, O`, =#`, OfOk `= , @
J^ `*u =x` LO\~. ^ ` "# "ix gOK=. D ^$= J<
`$}= (Q_~H) "i *#= J< JyH P` Jq+=QK<~. "i
OK~=, =<^~= HH}Ô =`" Hey LO\~. J\ zÒ
WH =g LO_=.
^Q"# c[O =~ JOiO^? P = =`` $^HO "O
L^qOK^.
^x<` =#O 'z`= Jx < " Jk =_ ^ ^ [#[~=~}=
HeyOK\xH H~}=Òk. *# zÒ XH =te Kux LeQ Q L H
=Q LH~ } =QK#k. J#Q, J^ z`= ''*<#O^= ^$+ x OkOKH=\xH
iH~=QK#k. J\ z`= J*x H zÒQ ^ ^ #~ù O^@O ^.
N~=_ : UH` O Ò_qO^x K |_ D [Q` = ii q^Q H#|_\xH
H~}"q\?
N =+ =i : ~=, ~ ~= JQ |=# U=~K@ K`<!
6
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
||$O= [Q[Qz ||$O}"I
q^` <#~^t^# |Qi=II (. 51 ~ 95)
J~` D [Q`, |=, ^ z`= D =_ "~~ H^x QOK. Jq
J^"#"! qi= H~O L#@... =_ [Q` z`< L<~.
N~=_ : g! D [Q` Lù, = =>q\?
N =+ =i : [Q` H Lù, = H=O He` =`=. WH Jk
LO_@O LO_H=@O (` J`) J##Ô` YO_*#=K U~_K#^! Ou
K` K`#=#O^ [_`= PkOK|_, QOK|_Òk. eÒQ J@ [_ =#K
K# ^+ Q D r=x WH ~ Ju+ , ~ J=Q# K@=@K <~.
J`# ^d`_`<_. =i P ^M `QH~^?
N~=_ : D r=x JO`~O`~ ^YO ~x L# =@ =Ò x[O. Jk
`Q=# JQ`=#^##k J`=HO _!
N =+ =i : JO^ qK~} Ke. H qK~} K, ''D [_ [Q` "="
H^ Jx `Òk. H#h H## P~OK =O Q D r=xO^
L<~ Qx... [Q`#O^ H^.
D ^$=# z#=Q qOKQey# z`= ^"#>. J^x @,
WH H# LO_=.
P` ~=Q Q D r=_ ~=# U=~z#C_ J`=
O^`<_. JO^K` ~ [#~! g H `~O D <= ~`H
Ô H^. [Q`x XH ^~O H^. Jk PÔ` ~`", x~O", z^`H"
JYO_" D H#|_ ^x HO`\ H Jf`"#^x Q~ K<#. =~-=~ P
i~`=# iOz, J^xK O` JC_ D ~=# iHOKO_. JC_,
''[Q` z`= |= XH> "~ ~ H^ J# Q_~O g ` H QKiOKQ ^.
\ H= = ~_Q D r=_ `# `< H#K D O~~OQ
H_O^ = Ò_==_K<_.
F ~=KO^! D H#|_ ^~=g h= J~ LO_^. Jq h O^ =.
h= "\O^ =. F J=H~! z^<`! z^#O^ ~_! PÔ`q=i`_!
~"! ^ z` =x`_! O` `_! b=`[Q^s! ==O\ =#OîH
^"#"_! h "= ~=# "#" #=~! u XH r=_ h
~"! h" u XH r=x ~O _! "=O` h~"! P`~="!

F x~} H~}O G 7
2. xk x^xQ K_e
N =+ =i : F ~=! =Ô J#O` OY `~OQ =@O ~OK@O
[~QK#@, D [Q` J#O` OY PÒ^ L`#" ~<~. Z=_`
J^ ` =#K "= q=i`_ LO\_, =H u LO\_ J`xO^ D
[Q^# H#~=. xH ~O #>, D [Q` "="# ~"n ^!
J D '[Q` r=_ J##q z`= H H# =! WH qQ`"\
QiOz "~Q K^=#k?... JO^K` [Q^# (Worldly tendencies) H~OKe.
"# H}"O^Q< h= z`=^_"`=. = QOc~_=, =_=,
P`~=_= HQ=.
Jy #O_ "_, += #O_ QOÔ, H@H #O_ #, K #O_ f,
`[= #O_ "`~, [= #O_ `~OQO "~H#@... 'z`= J< H OH
==~= HO> [Q` J#|_k "~ H^.
z` # a< 'J#", a< # J#"` 'JO I
# =` a^` 'r", # r"` a^` '=# II
=# # WOkO a#O, $^H ^ # WOk`
# s~` [Q` a#O, [Q` <-#^ II
z` HO> J#=O "~ H^. J#=O 'JO (<#) "~ H^. 'JO r=x
HO> "~ H^. J\ r=_ =# HO> J#"#"_ H^. =# WOk~=
"~ Q ^ . WOk~= WOk HO> "~ H^. WOk s~O. J\ WOk
q+ D [Q` - WOH "~ U=#k? ...D qÔQ K D [Q` z^H"
J~ LOk.
*#^$+H WÔ` H H<=`"! *x H =# WÔ` Ò^~Q
Qx, <=kQ Qx, JQ Qx =iOK@ ^.
JYO_"# P`*#O aOz# "iH PH ~=Q ~|"H> `# -
`#` `< ^$[Q`Q "@ iOk. `k`~"#^n "iH JQOK@
^. J\ =h #O #O#, Ò Ò#, ~O ~O#
è=<~.
*x JOî = H ==~ x~i # \H. .. J`x XH ` H` LO@Ok.
J`xH ^x\ _ PH J<k LO_^. JO^K` J`xH H~ $` H $` _
LO_=. H#H Uk Z@ K<, Un Kx"_ J=`_. PH` _ L#C_
8
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
=`" H Y ^Y=Q i}qOK@O [~QÒk. PH H` H~ $Ò
LO_^. Y ^M LO_=.
J#O`=Q PH" `~ _= ~ # HO^... "^# "H ==~Q
U~_K#k H^! |" H~ $à=#O K` [Q`Q OHeOK|_Òk.
Z=x z`= PH= = ^"#^, Z=_ ^K~~}_, Z=_` =\
KH Q O`+ ^Y= JKe`_, Z=_ `## KO=z# `=# _
JH$u= O` ~ |OQ îOKQ Q`_... J\" _ ~= `x îOK\xH
J~` OkOKH QQ`_.
N~=_: =`! D r=_ ZC_ Y ^Y= Jf`_=QQ`_?
N =+ =i : #kx h~ Q@g^ L# =$H=# "Ô@ =OQ HeOK
#@ $ÔOz =^=, =`~= "^# "# "Ô\ x~eOK
|_#C_ =`" D r=_ Y^Mf`_ HQQ`_. ~Q ^ J
H~}=q\ qKiOz, $^QOz D ~ qH~=# "_ Q@H`,
H = =`" îOz# J^=Q ZO` q<, ZO` Kkq< UO O?...
J\"_ Ò@ _ èx"_ J=`_.
JO`H^. Z=x O^` H~ $` H $à=#= =OQ `y LO\,
|k xi" LO@O^... J`_ D HO L#"~Oîh KO< _ KOx"_
Q< LO\_.
N~=_: J\ x~OOH~O Z\ Ô?
N =+ =i : `Q x ^xH 'L#k, L#k - Jx ^=## HeOK@"
=. WOH JOH~"... `ÔQ < ^.
*<x J=OaOK@O K` D q+ O += Òk. xk #@Q Q OK@"
*#O. *x $Ô ^$ OK"# K@ aOK^. J\"_ =O`#
|~O@#@ D O~ ==~=# x~OÔQ [~OKQQ K<_.
D OKOx ^~= Hx#C_, HxOK#_, "=-î^=
=z =#_, P~ J"^ Ô^, `k`~[#` U~_ OQqQ
O^~=O^ Z=xH O`+= Qx q^=Qx HQ" J\ =hx
= 'r=#_ Jx <~. F ~a~! g~ r=#O^
^# H#yOK^~ QH!

F x~} H~}O G 9
3. "H
N~=_: g! x~=Q z^` ''=#, |k, JOH~O, WOk, `k`~
r= J#"\H "o "o z#^? ZO^K`? J\ |OÔ q_=_k Z\?
N =+ =i: h= K =#, |k "^#q z#`# JuHqOz ZH_
L<#O@<"? |$` ~"# P` <<`=O` qO*Ok.
"H#"xH XH == J<H ==Q HxO^! =~ x\ # ^~}=
XH =H H J<H uaO|= J<H H}= JQ~ KK"! Wn JO`!
JO^H~O `y` P pH\ K HeOK|_# Hh_ _ `Q`~ H^! =~
=x`=Q Q"# Lq J*#O _ q#+" Òk. '`$+ J< qz"k
LqOk. z`"# `= |O^=Q J<H P" H"` `Q`~.
^~O `yQ< ^xH QK|_# =`= *i=#@ ~ O~ O~
#y`~.
J=#O - P F ~=! OH= `lOK@K J<H~H=Q J=#O
aOk. = K~Zu K_"` KK#k 'P` J#~` Q P
J=#"! D =~x QOKH P` J#Q =~^ q+OQ QOK"~
O`#x < JaO. J\"~ =x =^=~ q+=#
=`" QOK"~ =!
J*#" ~ *_= H~}O. Qe "QO `y` ^ O Hê H =x xÒ
O^Òk. J\Q J*#O H} WH D ^$ ==~g =## "~K=.
<<! ~=! h= D "H=# qx PHJ<# q_ =<~Ò
O^K<=< J#O@<#.
`~! JO`~O xî# ~A sx<Ô qx x^~_
KK~? g~ _ < D L^ "H qx J*# x^ #O_ *Q$`==O_. F
~=KO^! =# $^ _ D =# O"^ "H ``~.
WH Ju L^~$^_"# h @ =~"O^H=`~? ZO_K ZO_ L# < h~
_Q < "QO Q #@, ''JÒ` `j=, l* =xÒ JQ h $^ O
D =K< ~ ` O ` HO^`~. =h J#" h t~^~=`x,
P qh $Ô k~KO@<=x < `.

10
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
4. J=O #O_ <xH... !
N~=_ : =s! ~= q`=Q `= =Y H=O #O_ "=_K#
Q~"H= < JÒ` qOux, O``# HQ*<~. g =K#O
qO@#C_ < H #="q\ K`# q#O_.
! J=$`` =Q g "H=x JO`s# Q<=$Ò QK<#.
O`~ OKiOK < zÒ H=OQ O`=# OìOKx < ~O`
SHO O^Òk. K O=`~ J<=$+K +"# O XH ~A O_`
=~OK `_ P#OÔ O^#@... < =# g "H^~K Ja+H" ~=#OÔ
O^Òk. U#Q "^# [O`= "tOKx ~ x=Q#@ <# x
O``# J#q < #. Q=OK `y` ~ î ^~O #O_ =# "<
+OQ H#|_#@... D H#|_ ^$O ^`^=Q |= +=Òk.
kH =O_=O` #OQ ^$=#=Òk. P J< =$Q`$+ H P##
q\ è`<~. PH J< =$^ = î*~@O ^. =O`HO K@
zQiO> H~ P#OÔQ <^ K#@...<# q^=x\ #O_
`y#"_< P#Oî`_#QK<#. ZK>` J=$`^# _ u
q+" LO@O^, J\ P`#OÔ < `~_Òk.
P` ~=Q Q < W^ < #=~O. J\ P#OÔ k# g
#=~O!
~_ L^~OKQ< K=# O|OkOz# = WOH qQ`?
*<^=QKO_Q H#h #t<~. O=h `Q`<~. ~Ò
x PHOQ < $Ô x~=, O`=, J#O`= - J~# P#O^=#
O^Òk. 'PÒ^ HO HO Z\, ZC_, ZH_ #O_ ZO^HzOk? ...W@=O\
Oh pH\ ~u L^~Oz# ~KO^x H~}K U~_# ^$=#
[Q`Q q^=QK<~. ~= ~^ ~` P` U~_ LO_Q... WH 'Wk
"~, Jk "~ J< q^H# `"H_k?
^~! U^ èx P"^#, JQ==# P""# < 15 ~A
HÒ uh, W\ < uh e Kz#C_, J\ < =<"^## `KHQ<
#= =Ok. 'PJq f~@ "^# ^$+ #O_ "^y `$~`=Q #O
K~<#. g '"H J# J=$`^~` #O K# <# WC_ ~`=##,
O~ ==# OìOKO@<#. `= ^ K` | qH# Jk~< #.
F x~} H~}O G 11
W\ < ^$+H ~=O_= _ `= = J^q+=QK#k. 'PH

J<H J< =^ `~OQ= #O_ z#"_< ~=#O^ u+`_
#QK<#. == O^ ~` $+ ~=` "QO^K<#.
P` ~=Q Q <# #=iO`y#"_#QK<#. J\ < ^^
W" < #=~=.
! Wx =@O^? g =K< < $^ ^HO "tOz J#=
*#=# k<~. `^~ x`#O^ ~=Q r=#H u O^K<#.

5. "O Z\ `QÒk?
N=+ =i: N~=! K O`+O. h "H=K <# #_< < =K<x
H#yOK\xH L^_#, =`_# JQK<#.
WC_ h '"O Z\ `QÒk? J< q+" Hx q+ K`#.
h ^ |k `yO^x < `. J~< _ Z" *<a=$k J=~".
JO^K` ^qkQ ^` q#. =#O KCH q uH, =<=`
`__`~. D `` = QOz#"i ^Y= "@O`@ J" `yQ=.
U r=_` OK``H"# D ^=#O^ P` =# K<_, (Z=_`
'<# D ^=# =`" Jx `KK<_)... J`xx J`x WOk= =~
=~ ~q<~. 'J<` =# J# ^+= H =O J\k =i! J\
HO_ U r=_` P` *# ~}_, P` `$_ LO\_... J`x WOk=
J`xx `= q`xQ qOz q~. PHJ< `lOz# r=# D ^=
Qx, =~H Ô Qx O^=# JQÒ Qx, Jax"O Qx LO_^. "\ ~H
H P`_ J"_ =#OQ, bQ, H_Q D ~=# Pk<_.
P`, s~=# O|O^" ^. pH\ -"Q = P ~O_ ~~ q~^
L<~. JO^K` [_=, `K=, q<#j=, H$`= JQ s~= J#|_
XH [_ == Uq H==#^ J^ JQQH! ~ H=O`=, L^=
~`=, xi=, J"=, qH~ ~`= JQ P` D s~= LO_@O K`
Qx, (H) H=@ K` Qx HeQ x ^. " ^. P`H 'x`^=
(Ever Wakeful) J< H} O D uH s~xH Z\ =i O k? z#=Q h ~x
h= =# K LO> '<# =$}=Q D s~=# J< [_=# pH\
=@==Òk.
12
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
N~=_ : J~` =s! D H ==~= s~ O`< x~iOK|_K<~
H^!
N=+ =i : D H ==~= P`-s~= H~HK [~QK#@ JxOK
=K QH! J~< _ "" xH Jq ~ O_ q~^ ^~ Q == . JÒ` H
=Q P`, JÒ` =Q s~xH OQ" JO=O. WH XH^x =~H\
SH==@O Z\ kOk? H#H s~ =#, P`=# XHK@ U~_ LO_*=.
P`=# #C_ s~ =# L#>! ... s~ =# #C_ P`=# LO@#>!
^ = Q |O [_O H*^. P~` ^$+K |O ^ OQ JQK#@ =
QKO_=KQH! J~#\H ~ "Q P` s~=` O|OÔ ^.
s~= H ^~= P` H ^~= "~ "~.
^# ^Q H== "i} I
=<Q # O |} ^` II (II 14, ~ 60)
h\ `=~ = L#O` =ÒK` h~, `=~= XH\ J=#@... ^H
^=# O|OÔ ^. U^< O|OÔ HxO>, Jk P~Ò =`". ^=
L#O` =ÒK` |=# Z\ ^+= JO@^.
|= ~^ x~+=, ==. XH WO\ XH =x+ L<_#H. JO`=Ò
K` P WO\H H}= =x+"`? ...H, =x+ H H} WO\q
J=`? Wn JO`.
XHK@ Qe "QOQ gO^#H. P Qe H gzH PH=# JO@`?
s~= H H}=#\ [#-[~-=~}=, P` JO@=. J\Q WH_
Y-^M, PH J< _ P` JO@=. JO^K` 'g\"\ H O|OkOK#\
P`# QOz ~=#O^=# x~O`~OQ O^=K. WH D s~=, =#
=Q~ | ==^[Ox `~OQ= =O\qQ K_. x*xH [xH `~OQ
Q, P` K`#=# J=h iHe`= =`"!
h HêHK H#|_ hx ~uaO|= H HêH# ~aOxH
PkOKO H^! s~O =# HxOK =~K~# siH PkOK\xH g
^. P` U H}O# Z\ H O^\xH P~" ^. JO^K` D [Q`
Uq\ J=Q# KH=\xH =O^Q H '=^$+ ~_@@ JO K~.
JC_ '` = *#O U~_ "= "q\ hH QKiOKQ ^. ^ =# O|OkOz#
J*# ^$+ `QO> ^ QiOz# "= *#"H> J# B+Ô.
F x~} H~}O G 13
'pH\ JO> Uq\? "Q H=@" H^! *#O Hey LO_H=@" (J#Q)
^ H ~O Ziy LO_H=@" 'J*#O. D ^= H iH# J\
J*#" H~}O. P`H =O QOKx H~}OQ '"= J< XH q+=$HO
"z #" Y qiOKO\Ok. '*#=H su Uq\? P` H
="q\?... J< q=~}`H"# =^#O QOKH=@O K`<
q`h =z_K<~. |= H ~"q\ èO_ T~H WH_
JH_ OKiOK@O U=Ò =z` q+O H^. Qe g#C_ `@x
"H J@ W@ H^ K#@ WOk ^~=#O_ }"= i L O>
"~ P H=#, D H=# "tOz TiH QOK@O, qiOK@O,
POK@O "^# # D r= J< K<~. XHH Lk HiOK@O
|, ~, ~, ~, QO^ "O J=" H}O*H=@O, L#` U""
P x~ =@Q@H=@O... Wg O~ r= WH_ K# n~H~H=!
h _ <x# KH=HQ ~Q^+= = =xy `K J<H
[# "~ Q_ " < ~ Qx 'WO`H <<= ~? J< # kOK@O ^ . =z `
LO_ " =`" H@q\_K<~?
r=O^~ *# q+O JÒ` *Q~ LO_e =! J*#O JÒ`
hK^# OkO*Q^. H=i LyOK uu Qe "=_#@ *#~`
Q r= } "= [#"g O_< OKi<~. "~ }=
Hey LO_ L QO x"~ JQK<~. "i K#=h [#O x". =~" # ".
qO\ H <i |O K#@ J*#Q r= U"" Qi`h~*uO`
H#` _# ` D q OKi<~. J_qx ^+=
ux @ z ZH HH "" z=iH K#@Q P`*#= x a+#
P~Oz O~ r= z=iH L#` ` #, =$`= H ~K# `z @ O@
<~. J*# H~H==` `$ Ok H==~= ` HO Q_@O
< LÔ HK# t K\ K@ "`H\O =O\k. J*#` _ ~A
îOK@O "_"i# K@HO^H qOuH ~Q f@O =O\k. J*# q+
=K~ q<^=` HO "| K@O PH=# J@` "^@O =O\k. ~zH~" #
^~=# |~^ =OK@O =O\k. J*#q+ O+OK@O PH=x
"=# Kz H= "~Q@O =O\k.
'J*#=Ô x - J*#" Jx P^ \x. ^x =# HeQ
J#~ JO`^.
14
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
'O~= J#|_k J*#= K`< H^... L`#=Òk! Y-^M,
x+~Ò. "^#-~^#, P"H", D s~=, nxK U~_ O|O^...
W=h J*# =$H= H =!
J<` J~#\ D s~" `#Q `K =~xH ^Y"#\H `Q^.
`=# =ê JÒ "O@ ~Qn 'D = <@ `Q^q? - Jx HH
" UO O? J`^~#OK ^ ^ H *i_ KKO_@" Y=#H< "iH
<# Ò Z\ è~Q#? `= K~=# K` HO@, ''"= H<
H<O... JO` = ` Jx eH "xH Z=~O kOKQ~?
N~=_: x[" g! J~`, P#O^==Q P` ~=Q Q D r=#
^YO ZH_ #O_ =z_Òk?
N=+ =i : KH\ < HO` HxH zK@ K#@Q, Y ~ #O_
^M @H< ~. ^ =< |~Q #O_ '"# J< = _Q ` K <~.
Jq =## =^Q[=# H\ _<~. K# H "HQ J*x (P`
=K~O iHOK#\ "x) $Ô P <~. ^+ $`= hK @
#_ D r=x '#~H `# "z L# K\H f`<~.
J<H He`#O^=, HH= =~x O`+O*\xH H, D
[Q`K q~zOK|_K<~. J`x PHH J#Q}OQ $+ H~ WH_ ==~=#
=KK<_. D r=_H ~xO^, D~, ~Q= "^# =uiH, ^~# "Q<
PHi`_QK<_. WH i J~# =O KKHx zO`h J`x $Ô
"t<~. [##O_ P x~, "\ #O_ q L^, P L^ #Oz
=~ P x~, r=x @ H#Q`< `<~. J`_ =~=~
=# "~H =$`=# Ki`K~}OQ O^K<_.
*# - WH *# ==~=O` "~H qÔQ LO\Ok. J*# n~O
Q#, ^@#qHxkQ# LO>, *# `= ~=# H `=Q K` # =ÒQ
QOKK<~. JO^K` D O~`ÒQ=O` QÔ (P= _H U~iK
QO@O`) JQK#k. WH_ H#|_ J#<k q+= J`_ `Q#@ ^.

J*xH D [Q` H q<q\, g\ JO` ZH_ è@O ^.
O[~O z# zHQ J`_ "<~O~ zx LO@<_. J`x
z`=$` = *= "H i<~ Qx, JO`~YO H=@O ^.
"_ # @H=\xH a yO[ K#@ D OKO xO_
WOk= = HeyOKQeQ J<H ==, q+, q
F x~} H~}O G 15
HeOK|_~. J`_ WOk Q=`_ 'W, "H , u+ , |O^ =, P#O^=,

J#==, K@, , PHO, < "^# "\H `# O|Ok`_ `<_.
J<H ^H# # JQK<_. H<=`"# H=$HO qq^ z` qz`
^~# HeOz Jc+ kx qO*Ok KK"! Zx Jc+= D_i` UO
[#O? ...H` HiH @H< LO\~ H^! D OKO _ ~#O^
H~=Q ="n aOK@ ^.
P! Uq D "= H =Ò! H<=`"# J*#=#O
'Qa+ J< x=<~. 'Lù J< P`, '}= J<
` 'Q= J< Q`` 'H=H^= J< `` D J*#=#O
q~lÒk. ~_ JqOKQ< pH@ H=O@#@ *#^$+ =~Q# _Q<
~ ^+= "t<~. F ~=! J*# =$HY '<<q^ [Q` J<
=# k< ~. Jq H =`" =^ ~OQ LO_ # q^Ò, O Q~` O,
PÔ``= Hey LO@<~. J\ J*#=#=# =OQ #tO * Qx D
r=# Ou aOK^ =!

6. J*<O^H~ q`
N=+ =i : F ~ "! J*<O^H ~O H q ` U=x =iOKe! $^ O
=Ô L^qOKQ ^$+ J^QuQK#k. ze KK PHi`_ D O~
r=_ H}O `# ^$H^=h J^Qu KHx P ze K
P~=QK<_. J`_ =#^# PO`~OyH^_ L#` "+^~_QK<_!
J! [ HOKO ^~OQ PzOK@O ^! U ^=` J*#"x
HeyOz ~O @ U=~ Hey# " J\ ~+ s~= Hk O=`~=
`~"` Uq H#<~? H, Q^ P~O JQK<~. H= =Ò D
- ~+ s~=# KO^x`#, =Oz QO^= `#, x x`=Q _`#
eH HeOz [# = He<~. ~H=O i`=Q D s~Q=#
=~ =`#, ^ =eH`#, Ô_O _` # L` H HeOz H= = #
W#=_O*<~! J=Q H}`#, Z=H`# ~|_# D ~+
s~= P JOH~=, @ == îOz K qO^#~KO_Q
D J*# r= 'P!F! J#O@ HiO` H@_=! WÔ` =, z HH
=~q\ KC?
16
F N =+ ~= O"Ô G
~OO HOKO P#OÔ K, H=OQ ^Y= *Q Ju,
`K" # =` ^~= D r=xK T_QO K~OKO@<! ^# =, <s[#=,
`k`~ O^ W=h r=xH ^YO `yOKQQK<? Uq z`" Qx,
Z<x Ok< _, Z\HC_ ^Y= `kH" JQK<! XH MxH
XH ^YO Z^~K< LO\Ok. D Y^M XH^xHH\ H~}=QK =,
`<~... D r=_ Wk Q=xOK_O? WH_ x\H J H~}"q\
"`H _ O ?
H=H~` J~"^ "H=` =~}O i_qÒk. "O
JqOÒQ x~O`~OQ J<H =$`# Lù KO@ Òk.
u q+O "^@ YOQ L#> LO\Ok. WO`< Jk J<H ~Q^+=#
HeOk. z=iH q+` H ~OQ s~H =#H ~Q` H~}=QK#k.
WH Jk $^=# ^dO*Ok. ZO_O*Ok. H He` H~H==
ô = z q"H ~} H"<~.
D r=_ "O_`#O` WOk q+=# #=Hx ~O@<_. WH
H=_ `# x+~ H~H==` qOz QK# ~= *=#
H_~ qOy `#K<_. D r=_ JO^ Z~ JQK, XH Lkx =ke
=~H Lkx P~ =H Q=#= K < _ Qx, q"H ^$+x OOkOKH=@O
^. 'P` =K~ =}O J< KO^Ô HO_< J<H =# ~` =~OQ
Qu<~. OzH q+# =~=~ LKi# D <H J J
z=iH XH<\H tk" Òk. ^Y=, H=, î^=` _# J<H i`
L"`# ZQ~K<~. H@k@= x rq` OQ}O '= J< Q_Q|
"tOz ^KQ OKiOk. '=e`#O J< e =z '=#O J< ZH#
@Hx, K= Qn =s KOÒk. H "~ # x~OQ LO_ J<H
He` ==~ D r=x K@=\ L<~. J<H =$`= ` _# D [Q`Q $ O
PHx PHqOKx LO\Ok.
D q O~ =Ô xÒ J<H s~=# KiOz qOQK#k.
H$u="#\ D qhHO J<H ~#, Q=# îOz LO\Ok.
D [Q` 'P J< `_K H@| _ '"# J< H= Q WOk O[~O
xqOK|_ L#k. r= D [Q` O[~OH "tOz WH_ zHx H<
#t<~. WH_ [# U"" P~` ^$+# P~Oz ~=Q P`#
qiOz WH_ OKi<~. '"= JO`\ "O. = *u WO`\ k Jx KCHx
F x~} H~}O G 17
=~ D ~H=O xi`"# ^ #~H = zO@<~. J! ^=`

[# Ok# r= _ ~=~O Zy~ Q OKi<~ Qx, P`*#O
q+" q"=@O ^? =$uK H=H~" PHi` D r= J< T~,
J^H K~ K<~ Qx, P`*#Q `=# `= fik^H=@O ^.
D =Q~O '$+ J< ^ K 'H= J< =e HOQ P~O
J=Òk. H=O J< =i H}OQ~"# JOMH 's~ J< O_# `~
K, D $+ KH=# uCK<_. H ~OO #O_ J<H Q= Q_z
~. J<H [Q` \~. #tOK~. =~=# [Q` XH = Xky L#
D r=_ J<H Px~ =^ PH, J< =^ zx Y ^M x~zOK
O@, H@q\_`<_. Z_ì O_ U"" qi}==h O^`<_.
Q=, =#O`~= Q_z`<~. WO` [~QK< =~|k Un
QiOK@O ^. UO P~O!
P! D H#|_ s~h '"# K i`" OKi<~ H^! `=#
peKO__, =H= U`# WO^_O`\ "_ _ "# K`< ~ OK|_,
Ki<_! "# =O PH!
PH $+H =O - U^ xu D '$+ J< ô H}=# =n H
~O =Oy@ _"K#k. D H#|_ =*=O` 'q<#= J< |_y
"tOz #tOK\xH L^H=Òk. PHH=, qz`=, =^= JQ
D =*=# Kz r=_ #qH Hey LO_@"q\? g\ U XH^xH<
x"# LxH L#^? ^! =^ `~OQ ZO` x"....D ^= JO`
xO. 'HO J< L#` O O '[Q` J< Q# U#Q# "\_ OOz, H O K@O
=#O +OQ K<O H^!
D [Q`h "<=# J<+ [xOz, Hk HxOz =~ Z@H
=@==`<~.
'qk J< XH<H z`H~_ 'z`= J< @= g^ 'OKOk=#
~OQ` O~ z`=# $+<_.

H= H "O ZO`\ z`"#k! H}, xq, QO@, ~A,
O=`~, Q, =#O`~ ~O ZO`"QOQ =O^ yÒk! Jk
J` #O_ `# "O ~OaOzOk. "

Vasishta Rama Samvadam PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Vasishta Rama Samvadam PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

N =+ ~= O"^=

Ramakrishna Math, Hyderabad

[## =~} O~ KHO z<# J# ~} Hey#C_ ^ _ D H O x

L#K@ j~=_K W`~ # OkO* O"^# z#qQ K `eHQ

JxOzOk. WH =iHO^~, ''D QO^=# =# QOK~... Wk JO^~

Kx =#O |`O H"e. =#O^i $^ J=^ x JH$u="#

2.<` ~ H JO`~qQ P Q"#x D ''`= J<

J#iOz #^x `e`Ok. Wk ""xH ~~`=x Ziy# `~"`,

[Q` , D H~= uaOaOK@ H~ $`= O_< P `_ #QK<#.

J*#O `QO> F~, <~ ` _# q~" # `O J=~" #x = JaO.

II. == ==~ H~}O ... 67

III. L`u H~}O ... 163

II.PHA_ =$`= ... 174

IV. bM#O qH ... 374

H =OL=#=...584 11.Jq^...587 12.=#~"~_

WH Kk H <# "#H =~# WO^^= x gOz q+ =O` q#qOK#.

"H ^# 1) `, ^#, x= H~=O\ `=,

~`_, H~_ J~# U ~=` ~O#, HO#,

F ~*! r=xH JYO_`x uk# '=~=}= KCK<#.

~O k=^$+` N~=x H^ ^iOz 24,000 H=` ~=}O "#.

J<H O==, ^Y ~O~, qH~= J#H}O r=xH HQ*#

"< ~`=, ^$ =## ~`= HQQ JC_ aOK ` '"HO. J#Q,

uiy=z# ~=_ `O_ J#[ ^~# "O@@x f~` |^~_.

''F =s! Jh `e _ ## iO K<~? Z< i`Oz#

''Wk O^, Wk P^...J#|_#^O` H<=" H^! Jx J~O =K

HO ^<# H=Oa HO ~*# Hg?

''D ^#O`, D |O^ [#O`, D ~[=` D `=` <Hq x?

qq`_ # ~HOQ K#^O` ~=_ q<_. Hk H}

D O~ ==~O 'YO JO@ U^< L#^? WH_ } K=\xH

zH"e? J <<=ix? D ^$ OK=O` <HH_#O_ ^iOzOk? <#

=`! qq`! D q^OQ J<H H}= #O_ q=~# K, JO`

#=H "=#k? `y = q+=# H#@, ^#=# OkOz D

=$H, =$Q, _ rq<~. Hx UO O? Z=xH`, D ^$

`H#"i q+O Uq K=O\~? "~ =e Q_^ = ^#, ^~, k

e ZH# OQ KK#@ XH H =$`= }x qOy "_xH

HiOK=#C_ "~~Ok. nx H^eH <=e OK `kH#Q Ju

|~^x `_x ~H~} e"#@, = JO`H~}=x Hk\

F =! qq`! =e#~H U=`O P#O^H~O HH~< `# #$`O

L#^? ZO`\ x! ZO`\ q`! nx` < U~_K# =`, `, ~, ~,

qA# ^ ''<#~! D 's~= J<k 'O~= J< =^=#

D s~=, ^#=, ~[=, =<~^=, "\H O|OkOz# K+

ZO`HO J`O` =Q r=xK Oz +OK|_# D s~= XH<H

#~=, qH` xiOK|_# D 's~= J< Q\ zH# = =O\

JO^K` =s! | ^+=K k=e# ^x= =i# D s~=#

J! ZO`\ x~"# =# J~#\H, D ^ H+`O J=`O^?

=s ! D =#O s~=# "<= HxOz#\H, z`=# =`O

Kz =i=@O K= ^OQ L# } =^@H=@O =O\^#x <#

JO^K`, F =h~! OQ` " ~ ^+=, ~ |O^= =H~}O.

s~O r~O J~` LO@Ok. "`k~Q= [e LO\~.

Hey LO@<_. qOy"<_. J`xH J_O Z=~? zH ^x=H# ye

D '|O_= J#|_^xH == |^=_ (=+ r=_). ^=`

D =# XH xq+O J<H ==#, O@##, ~=# OHe,

#O^) ~qOKK<_. XHC _ ~ OQ#, =~HC _ J ~OQ# Z" ,

O`OKQ_ KO_? J~#\H, J`x U^ O^< `# =`O LO_<

D ^==, H HQu H K~ ZO` P~OQ K=`~OQ L<~!

i}q<~. =~ H~H==# ~OaOz, "\#O_ # e`=

23. =<=$` JOu

`Ok. K@ P zQiOz, HH=OQ ZO_ ~e`~ KK~? D O KO

=~=#O ~OQ#, n~OQ# H#|_=K<" Hx, =#=x P+ ZO`

~`=h }" H^! q JO` =\ =`". =$H=h HHH

=, "H K\ Pg^ ^$+` HO_H JOK^H ~,

24. ~~= uQ`

JO^OQ, ~H~H ~OQ "` J<H nHO`` q Q=#O

J~`, `` x ^$+ J# i`=Q D qH=h H L<~.